WO2015056962A1 - Appareil d'estimation de tension de batterie secondaire hybride et son procédé - Google Patents

Appareil d'estimation de tension de batterie secondaire hybride et son procédé Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2015056962A1
WO2015056962A1 PCT/KR2014/009645 KR2014009645W WO2015056962A1 WO 2015056962 A1 WO2015056962 A1 WO 2015056962A1 KR 2014009645 W KR2014009645 W KR 2014009645W WO 2015056962 A1 WO2015056962 A1 WO 2015056962A1
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Prior art keywords
voltage
secondary battery
impedance
hybrid
circuit
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PCT/KR2014/009645
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English (en)
Korean (ko)
Inventor
조원태
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주식회사 엘지화학
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Publication date
Priority claimed from KR1020140137724A external-priority patent/KR101650415B1/ko
Application filed by 주식회사 엘지화학 filed Critical 주식회사 엘지화학
Priority to EP14854377.0A priority Critical patent/EP3059600B1/fr
Priority to PL14854377T priority patent/PL3059600T3/pl
Priority to CN201480056543.3A priority patent/CN105637380B/zh
Priority to US15/027,459 priority patent/US10073146B2/en
Priority to JP2016522731A priority patent/JP6238325B2/ja
Publication of WO2015056962A1 publication Critical patent/WO2015056962A1/fr

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/4207—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells for several batteries or cells simultaneously or sequentially
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
    • G01R31/367—Software therefor, e.g. for battery testing using modelling or look-up tables
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
    • G01R31/389—Measuring internal impedance, internal conductance or related variables
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an apparatus and method capable of estimating the voltage of a hybrid secondary battery.
  • a battery may be a device that can be carried in a human hand such as a mobile phone, a laptop computer, a digital camera, a video camera, a tablet computer, a power tool, or the like;
  • Various electric drive power devices such as electric bicycles, electric motorcycles, electric vehicles, hybrid vehicles, electric boats, electric airplanes, and the like;
  • a power storage device used to store power generated by renewable energy or surplus generated power;
  • the field of use extends to an uninterruptible power supply for stably supplying power to various information communication devices including server computers and communication base stations.
  • the cell comprises three basic components: an anode comprising a material that is oxidized while releasing electrons during discharge, and a cathode comprising a material that is reduced while receiving electrons during discharge. And an electrolyte that allows the movement of working ions between the cathode and the anode.
  • the battery may be classified into a primary battery that cannot be reused after being discharged and a secondary battery capable of repetitive charging and discharging because the electrochemical reaction is at least partially reversible.
  • secondary batteries examples include lead-acid batteries, nickel-cadmium batteries, nickel-zinc batteries, nickel-iron batteries, silver oxide batteries, nickel metal hydride batteries, zinc-manganese oxide batteries, zinc-bromide batteries, and metal- Air batteries, lithium secondary batteries and the like are known.
  • lithium secondary batteries have attracted the greatest commercial interest because of their higher energy density, higher battery voltage, and longer shelf life than other secondary batteries.
  • each secondary battery has been connected by connecting secondary batteries including different kinds of positive electrode materials and negative electrode materials in parallel. Attempts have been made to make up for the shortcomings.
  • hybrid secondary battery the secondary battery of the form which connected the different types of secondary batteries in parallel.
  • a hybrid secondary battery often has a voltage profile including an inflection point when the component batteries have different operating voltage ranges. If the operating voltage range of the constituent cells is different, the dominant reaction kinetics are different while the hybrid secondary battery is being charged or discharged.
  • the amount of voltage change relative to the state of charge is relatively small near the inflection point. That is, even if the state of charge varies greatly, the voltage hardly changes.
  • the voltage measured by the sensor has an error due to the error of the sensor or the polarization voltage that is dynamically changed. Therefore, if the hybrid secondary battery is controlled using the measured voltage as it is near the inflection point, it is difficult to guarantee the accuracy. This is because the conventional battery control system assumes that the electrochemical state of the battery has changed significantly even when the measured voltage slightly changes near the inflection point.
  • the present invention provides an apparatus and method for indirect estimation using a iterative algorithm without directly measuring a voltage of a hybrid secondary battery in which secondary batteries having different electrochemical characteristics are connected in parallel.
  • a voltage estimating apparatus for a hybrid secondary battery which estimates a voltage of a hybrid secondary battery including a first secondary battery and a second secondary battery which have different electrochemical characteristics and are connected in parallel to each other.
  • An apparatus includes a sensor unit measuring an operating current of a hybrid secondary battery, and a control unit estimating a voltage of the hybrid secondary battery using the operating current and a voltage equation derived from a predefined circuit model.
  • the first secondary battery and the second secondary battery may be packaged in different packaging materials as independent batteries, or may be packaged together in one packaging material.
  • the first secondary battery and the second secondary battery are composed of a unit cell including a positive electrode plate and a negative electrode plate and a separator interposed therebetween.
  • the first secondary battery and the second secondary battery may include a coating layer of an active material having different electrochemical properties on the positive electrode plate and / or the negative electrode plate.
  • the first secondary battery and the second secondary battery may each include a plurality of unit cells or a plurality of battery modules connected in series and / or in parallel.
  • the circuit model includes a first circuit unit that simulates a voltage change of the first secondary battery by a first open voltage element and optionally a first impedance element of the first secondary battery, and the first circuit unit And a second circuit unit connected in parallel with the second open circuit of the second secondary battery and selectively simulating a voltage change of the second secondary battery by a second impedance element.
  • the first open voltage formed by the first open voltage element may be determined from a predefined correlation between the first charged state and the first open voltage of the first secondary battery.
  • the second open voltage formed by the second open voltage element may be determined from a predefined correlation between the second charged state and the second open voltage of the second secondary battery.
  • the state of charge is known in the art as a parameter called state of charge (SOC).
  • SOC state of charge
  • the state of charge can be quantitatively indicated by the SOC and z parameters.
  • the SOC parameter is used to indicate the state of charge as a percentage of 0-100%
  • the z parameter is used to indicate the state of charge as a number from 0-1.
  • the state of charge may be measured by an ampere counting method as a non-limiting example.
  • the predefined correlation may be obtained from an open voltage profile measured according to a change in state of charge.
  • the predefined correlation may be a lookup table capable of mapping an open voltage corresponding to each state of charge.
  • the lookup table may be obtained by using open voltage data measured for each of the first and second secondary batteries according to the state of charge.
  • the open voltage data can be obtained through experiments.
  • the predefined correlation may be a lookup function that includes a state of charge and an open voltage as input variables and output variables, respectively.
  • the lookup function may be obtained by numerical analysis of coordinate data constituting an open voltage profile measured for each state of charge of the first and second secondary batteries.
  • the first impedance element and the second impedance element respectively, at least one circuit for simulating the IR voltage and / or polarization voltage generated when the first secondary battery and the second secondary battery operating, etc. It can contain elements.
  • the IR voltage means a voltage generated by the internal resistance of the secondary battery when the secondary battery is charged or discharged.
  • the voltage of the secondary battery is higher than the open voltage while the secondary battery is charged due to the IR voltage, and vice versa while the secondary battery is discharged.
  • the first and / or second impedance element may include at least one resistor, at least one capacitor, at least one inductor, and combinations thereof.
  • the first and / or second impedance element may include an RC circuit in which a resistor and a capacitor are connected in parallel, and a resistor in series with the same.
  • the first and / or second impedance element includes a plurality of RC circuits in which a resistor and a capacitor are connected in parallel, and the plurality of RC circuits may be connected in series and / or in parallel.
  • the first open voltage component and the first impedance element may be connected in series.
  • the second open voltage component and the second impedance element may be connected in series.
  • control unit is configured to obtain a first impedance voltage formed by the first impedance element by using a first impedance voltage calculation equation derived from a connection characteristic and an electrical characteristic value of a circuit element included in the first impedance element. You can decide.
  • control unit is configured to obtain a second impedance voltage formed by the second impedance element using a second impedance voltage calculation formula derived from a connection characteristic and an electrical characteristic value of a circuit element included in the second impedance element. You can decide.
  • the electrical characteristic value of each circuit element is determined by the type of the circuit element, and may be any one of a resistance value, a capacitance value, and an inductance value.
  • the operating current is equal to the sum of the first current flowing through the first circuit unit and the second current flowing through the second circuit unit.
  • control unit may determine the first current and the second current, respectively, by using a first current distribution equation and a second current distribution equation derived from the circuit model.
  • the first current equation may include, as an input variable, the first and second open voltages, the first and impedance voltages, and the operating current.
  • the second current equation may include, as an input variable, the first and second open voltages, the first and impedance voltages, and the operating current.
  • the first impedance voltage may be determined by the voltage formed by the circuit elements other than the series resistance.
  • the second impedance voltage may be determined by the voltage formed by the circuit elements other than the series resistance.
  • control unit may update the first charging state by integrating the first current over time.
  • control unit may time update the second charging state by integrating the second current over time.
  • the control unit may be a battery management system (BMS) that may be electrically coupled with a secondary battery or may be a control element included in the battery management system.
  • BMS battery management system
  • the battery management system may mean a system called BMS in the technical field to which the present invention belongs, but any system that performs at least one function described in the present invention from a functional point of view may be a category of the battery management system. Can be included.
  • the battery management system may include the circuit model as a software algorithm executable by a processor.
  • the circuit model may be written as program code, stored in a memory device, and executed by the processor.
  • the above technical problem of the present invention can also be achieved by a voltage estimation method of a hybrid secondary battery.
  • the method of estimating the voltage of the hybrid secondary battery a method of estimating the voltage of the hybrid secondary battery comprising a first secondary battery and a second secondary battery having different electrochemical characteristics and connected in parallel to each other,
  • the technical problem of the present invention can also be achieved by a computer-readable recording medium in which a method for estimating the voltage of a hybrid secondary battery according to the present invention is programmed.
  • the voltage of the hybrid secondary battery can be estimated simply by using the voltage equation derived from the operating current and the circuit model.
  • the voltage of the hybrid secondary battery having the voltage profile including the inflection point can be estimated accurately, especially in the state of charge near the inflection point.
  • the voltage of the hybrid secondary battery can be reliably estimated, it is possible to provide a hybrid secondary battery whose combination is optimized for the purpose of using the secondary battery.
  • FIG. 1 is a block diagram schematically illustrating a configuration of an apparatus for estimating a voltage of a hybrid secondary battery according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a conceptual diagram illustrating a case where the first secondary battery and the second secondary battery are packaged in different packaging materials and connected in parallel.
  • FIG. 3 is a conceptual diagram illustrating a case where the first secondary battery and the second secondary battery are packaged together in the same packaging material and connected in parallel in the packaging material.
  • FIG. 4 is a circuit diagram illustrating a circuit model according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a flowchart sequentially illustrating a voltage estimating method of a hybrid secondary battery according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 6 is a graph showing the results of the voltage estimation experiment conducted to verify the effect of the voltage estimation method of the hybrid secondary battery according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 1 is a block diagram schematically illustrating a configuration of a voltage estimating apparatus 100 of a hybrid secondary battery according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • the voltage estimating apparatus 100 includes a sensor unit 120 and a control unit 130, and is electrically connected to the hybrid secondary battery 110 to provide a voltage of the hybrid secondary battery 110.
  • the hybrid secondary battery 110 includes at least first and second secondary batteries connected in parallel to each other and having different electrochemical characteristics.
  • the electrochemical characteristics, the maximum / minimum charge rate or maximum / minimum discharge rate of the battery, the low rate discharge characteristics, high rate discharge characteristics, the maximum / minimum charging rate or maximum / At least one selected from among a minimum discharge rate, a charge or discharge profile, a resistance profile according to a state of charge change, an open voltage profile according to a state of charge change, and a dQ / dV distribution indicating a capacity characteristic of the battery with respect to the voltage.
  • the first and second secondary batteries may be lithium secondary batteries in which an electrochemical reaction is caused by lithium ions.
  • at least one selected from the type of the positive electrode material, the type of the negative electrode material, and the type of the electrolyte may be different in the first and second secondary batteries.
  • the first secondary battery as a positive electrode material, a general formula A [A x M y ] O 2 + z
  • A includes at least one element of Li, Na and K; M is Ni, Co At least one element selected from Mn, Ca, Mg, Al, Ti, Si, Fe, Mo, V, Zr, Zn, Cu, Al, Mo, Sc, Zr, Ru, and Cr; x ⁇ 0, 1 ⁇ x + y ⁇ 2, ⁇ 0.1 ⁇ z ⁇ 2; the stoichiometric coefficients of the components included in x, y, z, and M may be selected from the following formulas. have.
  • the first secondary battery as a cathode material, an alkali metal compound xLiM 1 O 2- (1-x) Li 2 M 2 O 3 disclosed in US 6,677,082, US 6,680,143, etc.
  • M 1 is an average oxidation state. At least one element having 3; M 2 comprises at least one element having an average oxidation state of 4; 0 ⁇ x ⁇ 1).
  • the second secondary battery as a positive electrode material, a general formula Li a M 1 x Fe 1-x M 2 y P 1-y M 3 z O 4- z
  • M 1 is Ti, Si, Mn, Co, At least one element selected from Fe, V, Cr, Mo, Ni, Nd, Mg and Al
  • M 2 is Ti, Si, Mn, Co, Fe, V, Cr, Mo, Ni, Nd, Mg, Al
  • M 3 comprises a halogenated element optionally comprising F
  • the positive electrode material included in the first and / or second secondary battery may include a coating layer.
  • the coating layer includes a carbon layer or at least selected from the group consisting of Ti, Si, Mn, Co, Fe, V, Cr, Mo, Ni, Nd, Mg, Al, As, Sb, Si, Ge, V and S It may include an oxide layer or fluoride layer containing one or more elements.
  • the first and second secondary batteries may include different kinds of negative electrode materials in the negative electrode in order to have different electrochemical characteristics.
  • the negative electrode material may include a carbon material, lithium metal, silicon, tin, or the like, or may also include a metal oxide such as TiO 2 and SnO 2 having a potential of less than 2V.
  • As the carbon material both low crystalline carbon and high crystalline carbon may be used.
  • Soft crystalline carbon and hard carbon are typical low crystalline carbon, and high crystalline carbon is natural graphite, artificial graphite, Kish graphite, pyrolytic carbon, liquid crystal pitch High temperature firing such as mesophase pitch based carbon fiber, meso-carbon microbeads, mesophase pitches, petroleum derived cokes, and tar pitch derived cokes Carbon is representative.
  • the first and / or second secondary battery may include different kinds of electrolytes to have different electrochemical characteristics, and the electrolytes may include salts having a structure such as A + B ⁇ . can do.
  • a + includes an ion composed of an alkali metal cation such as Li + , Na + , K + or a combination thereof.
  • B - is F -, Cl -, Br - , I -, NO 3 -, N (CN) 2 -, BF 4 -, ClO 4 -, AlO 4 -, AlCl 4 -, PF 6 -, SbF 6 - , AsF 6 -, BF 2 C 2 O 4 -, BC 4 O 8 -, (CF 3) 2 PF 4 -, (CF 3) 3 PF 3 -, (CF 3) 4 PF 2 -, (CF 3) 5 PF -, (CF 3) 6 P -, CF 3 SO 3 -, C 4 F 9 SO 3 -, CF 3 CF 2 SO 3 -, (CF 3 SO 2) 2 N -, (FSO 2) 2 N -, CF 3 CF 2 (CF 3) 2 CO -, (CF 3 SO 2) 2 CH -, (SF 5) 3 C -, (CF 3 SO 2) 3 C -, CF 3 (CF 2) 7 SO 3 -, CF 3
  • the electrolyte may include an organic solvent.
  • organic solvent propylene carbonate (PC), ethylene carbonate (EC), diethyl carbonate (DEC), dimethyl carbonate (DMC), dipropyl carbonate (DPC) ), Dimethyl sulfoxide, acetonitrile, dimethoxyethane, diethoxyethane, tetrahydrofuran, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (N-methyl 2-pyrrolidone (NMP), ethyl methyl carbonate (EMC), gamma butyrolactone or mixtures thereof may be used.
  • the configuration is determined by the package form of each secondary battery and the number of unit cells constituting each secondary battery It is not limited.
  • first secondary battery and the second secondary battery are understood to include a plurality of battery elements, such as a unit cell, a module including a plurality of unit cells, a pack including a plurality of modules, and the like. shall.
  • the first secondary battery and the second secondary battery may be an independent battery packaged in different packaging materials, as shown in Figure 3 in one packaging material It may be packaged together.
  • the first and second secondary batteries may be different types of lithium secondary batteries individually packaged in flexible pouch packaging materials.
  • the first and second secondary batteries may be different types of lithium secondary batteries packaged together in one pouch packaging material.
  • the groups of the first and second unit cells alternately stacked and the groups of the second unit cells may also be the first secondary battery and the first battery. It can be regarded as a secondary battery.
  • the first unit cell and the second unit cell include at least a positive electrode plate and a negative electrode plate, and a separator interposed therebetween.
  • the first unit cell and the second unit cell have different electrochemical characteristics.
  • the positive electrode plates and / or negative electrode plates of the first unit cell and the second unit cell may include different active material coating layers.
  • the first secondary battery and the second secondary battery at least one unit cell having a negative electrode / separator / anode as a minimum unit, or at least two or more unit cells are connected in series and / or parallel And an assembly of stacked unit cells.
  • the first secondary battery may include a secondary battery module in which a plurality of secondary batteries having first electrochemical characteristics individually packaged are connected in series and / or in parallel.
  • the second secondary battery may include a secondary battery module in which a plurality of secondary batteries having individually packaged second electrochemical characteristics are connected in series and / or in parallel.
  • the secondary battery 110 may be electrically connected to the load 140.
  • the load 140 is included in various electric driving apparatuses, and means an energy consuming apparatus included in the electric driving apparatus operated by electric energy supplied when the secondary battery 110 is discharged.
  • the electric drive device may include, but are not limited to, an electric drive mobile device such as an electric vehicle (EV), a hybrid vehicle (HEV), a plug-in hybrid vehicle (PHEV), or an electric bicycle (E-bike); Hand held devices such as mobile phones, smartphones or smart pads; Mobile computers such as laptop computers; Mobile imaging devices such as camcorders or digital cameras; It may be a large capacity power storage device (ESS) used in a power grid or an uninterruptible power supply.
  • ESS large capacity power storage device
  • the load may be a rotary power device such as a motor, a power converter such as an inverter, or the like as a non-limiting example, but the present invention is not limited by the type of load.
  • the voltage estimating apparatus 100 may further include a storage unit 160 selectively.
  • the storage unit 160 is not particularly limited as long as it is a storage medium capable of recording and erasing information.
  • the storage unit 160 may be a RAM, a ROM, a register, a hard disk, an optical recording medium, or a magnetic recording medium.
  • the storage unit 160 may also be connected with the control unit 130 via, for example, a data bus so as to be accessible by the control unit 130.
  • the storage unit 160 also stores and / or updates and / or erases and / or programs containing various control logics performed by the control unit 130 and / or data generated when the control logic is executed. send.
  • the storage unit 160 may be logically divided into two or more, and is not limited to being included in the control unit 130.
  • the voltage estimating apparatus 100 may further optionally further include a display unit 150.
  • the display unit 150 is not particularly limited as long as it can display the information generated by the control unit 130 in a graphic interface.
  • the display unit 150 may be a liquid crystal display, an LED display, an OLED display, an E-INK display, a flexible display, or the like.
  • the display unit 150 may be directly or indirectly connected to the control unit 130. When the latter method is adopted, the display unit 150 may be located in an area physically separated from the area in which the control unit 130 is located.
  • a third control unit (not shown) is interposed between the display unit 150 and the control unit 130 so that the third control unit can express the display unit 150 from the control unit 130.
  • the information may be provided and displayed on the display unit 150. To this end, the third control unit and the control unit 130 may be connected through a communication interface.
  • the sensor unit 120 under the control of the control unit 130, repeatedly measures the operating current I of the hybrid secondary battery 110 at a time interval and controls the measured operating current I. And output to 130.
  • the operating current I means the charging current or the discharge current of the hybrid secondary battery 110.
  • the sensor unit 120 may measure the voltage of the hybrid secondary battery 110 under the control of the control unit 130, and output the measured voltage to the control unit 130. This voltage measurement is intended to set initial conditions of some variables used in the circuit model, which will be described later.
  • the sensor unit 120 may include a voltage measuring unit and a current measuring unit.
  • the voltage measuring unit may be configured as a circuit for measuring the voltage of the hybrid secondary battery 110 based on a reference potential.
  • the current measuring unit may be formed of a sense resistor installed in a line through which a charging current or a discharge current flows.
  • the present invention is not limited by the specific configurations of the voltage measuring unit and the current measuring unit.
  • the voltage measuring unit and the current measuring unit may be included in one sensor unit 120, but may be physically separated from each other.
  • the sensor unit 120 should be understood as a concept including a voltage measuring unit and a current measuring unit separated from each other.
  • the control unit 130 is a component capable of executing at least one or more control logics necessary for estimating the voltage of the hybrid secondary battery 110.
  • the control unit 130 may use a hybrid secondary battery (eg, a pre-defined circuit model).
  • the voltage of 110 may be estimated.
  • the circuit model may include at least one circuit unit connected in series and / or in parallel to simulate a voltage change of the hybrid secondary battery 110.
  • FIG. 4 is a circuit diagram illustrating a circuit model 200 according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the circuit model 200 includes a first circuit unit 210 and a second circuit unit 220 connected in parallel to model a voltage change of the hybrid secondary battery 110.
  • the first circuit unit 210 is for simulating the voltage change of the first secondary battery, and includes a first open voltage element 210a and a first impedance element 210b, which are connected in series.
  • the second circuit unit 22 for simulating the voltage change of the second secondary battery includes a second open voltage element 220a and an optional second impedance element 220b connected in series. do.
  • a first open voltage whose magnitude varies depending on a first charged state z c1 of the first secondary battery at both ends of the first open voltage element 210a.
  • OCV c1 (z c1 ) is formed, and at both ends of the second open voltage element 220a, a second open voltage (OCV c2 ) whose size is changed by a second charged state z c2 of the second secondary battery. (z c2 )) is formed.
  • the first open voltage OCV c1 (z c1 ) may be determined from a predefined correlation between the first charged state z c1 and the open voltage of the first secondary battery corresponding thereto. .
  • the second open voltage OCV c2 (z c2 ) may be determined from a predefined correlation between the second charged state z c2 and the open voltage of the second secondary battery corresponding thereto. .
  • the predefined correlation may be obtained from an open voltage profile measured according to a change in state of charge.
  • the predefined correlation may be a lookup table capable of mapping an open voltage corresponding to each state of charge.
  • a lookup table may be obtained by using open voltage data measured for each state of charge of the first and second secondary batteries.
  • the open voltage data can be obtained through an experiment.
  • the predefined correlation may be a lookup function that includes a state of charge and an open voltage as input and output variables, respectively.
  • a lookup function may be obtained by numerically analyzing coordinate data included in an open voltage profile measured for each state of charge of the first and second secondary batteries.
  • the first impedance element 210b and the second impedance element 220b each simulate an IR voltage and / or a polarization voltage generated when the first secondary battery and the second secondary battery operate.
  • the IR voltage means a voltage generated by the internal resistance of the secondary battery when the secondary battery is charged or discharged.
  • the voltage of the secondary battery is higher than the open voltage while the secondary battery is charged due to the IR voltage, and vice versa while the secondary battery is discharged.
  • the number and type of circuit elements included in the first impedance element 210b and the second impedance element 220b, and the connection relationship between the circuit elements are determined by the electrochemical properties of the first secondary battery and the second secondary battery. It can be determined according to, preferably through trial and error (trial & error) through the AC impedance measurement experiment.
  • the electrical characteristic value of each circuit element may be adjusted to an optimal value by determining an approximation value through an AC impedance measurement experiment and then tuning to minimize the error between the voltage estimated by the present invention and the voltage measured under precise experimental conditions. Can be.
  • the first impedance element 210b and / or the second impedance element 220b may include at least one resistor, at least one capacitor, at least one inductor, and a selective combination thereof.
  • each circuit element may be connected in series and / or in parallel with another circuit element.
  • the first impedance element 210b may include at least one RC circuit RC n, c1 connected in parallel with a resistor and a capacitor, and a resistor R 0, c1 connected in series with the resistor.
  • n is an index indicating the nth RC circuit.
  • the second impedance element 220b may include at least one RC circuit RC m, c2 connected in parallel with a resistor and a capacitor, and a resistor R 0, c2 connected in series with the second impedance element 220b.
  • m is an index indicating the m-th RC circuit.
  • the RC circuits RC n, c1 , RC m, and c2 correspond to circuit elements for simulating polarization voltages generated when the first secondary battery and the second secondary battery operate.
  • the number of the RC circuit (RC n, c1, RC m ,, c2) a number of electric characteristic value of the device resistance and the capacitor, and the RC circuit (RC n, c1, RC m ,, c2) is included in the It may vary depending on the polarization voltage characteristics of the first secondary battery and the second secondary battery.
  • the RC circuits RC n, c1 , RC m, and c2 may be omitted.
  • the series resistors R 0, c 1 , R 0, c 2 correspond to circuit elements for simulating IR voltages generated when the first secondary battery and the second secondary battery operate.
  • the electrical characteristic values of the series resistors R 0, c 1 , R 0, c 2 may vary according to IR voltage characteristics.
  • the number of series resistors R 0, c 1 , R 0, c 2 may be two or more as necessary. If the IR voltages of the first and second secondary batteries are negligibly small, the series resistors R 0, c 1 , R 0, c 2 may be omitted.
  • the control unit 130 is formed by the first impedance element using a first impedance voltage calculation formula derived from the connection characteristic and electrical characteristic values of the circuit elements included in the first impedance element 210b.
  • the first impedance voltage Vi, c1 may be determined.
  • the control unit 130 may use the second impedance element 220b by using a second impedance voltage equation derived from a connection characteristic and an electrical characteristic value of a circuit element included in the second impedance element 220b. It is possible to determine the second impedance voltage (V i, c2 ) formed by.
  • the electrical characteristic value of each circuit element is determined by the type of the circuit element, and may be any one of a resistance value, a capacitance value, and an inductance value.
  • the first impedance voltage Vi, c1 may be determined as a sum of voltages formed by series circuit elements included in the first impedance element 210b, and the second impedance voltage Vi, c2 may be determined. Is determined by the sum of the voltages formed by the series circuit elements included in the second impedance element 220b.
  • the first impedance voltage Vi and c1 and the second impedance voltage Vi and c2 are provided. ) May not consider the voltage formed by the series resistance.
  • the voltage formed by each RC circuit is a discrete time equation such as Equation (1) below. Can be determined by. The following discrete time equations are known in the art, so specific derivation steps are omitted.
  • Equation (1) k denotes a time index, ⁇ t denotes a time interval between a time index k and a time index k + 1, and R and C respectively represent a resistance value of a resistor included in an RC circuit and a capacitance of a capacitor. Value, and I RC [k] represents the current flowing in the RC circuit.
  • the operating current I is equal to the sum of the first current I c1 flowing through the first circuit unit 210 and the second current I c2 flowing through the second circuit unit 220. Therefore, the relationship between the operating current I, the first current I c1 , and the second current I c2 may be represented by a discrete time equation such as the following Equation (2).
  • Equation (2) when the hybrid secondary battery 110 is being charged, I [k], I c1 [k] and I c2 [k] have positive values. Conversely, when the hybrid secondary battery 110 is being discharged, I [k], I c1 [k] and I c2 [k] have negative values.
  • the control unit 130 may use the first current I c1 [k] and the second current I c2 using a first current distribution equation and a second current distribution equation derived from the circuit model 200. [k]) can be determined respectively.
  • the first current and the second current can be expressed by the following equations (3) and (4).
  • V [k] represents the voltage of the hybrid secondary battery.
  • n is a natural number between 1 and p, and the minimum value of p is 1.
  • m is a natural number between 1 and q, and the minimum value of q is 1.
  • z c1 [k] and z c2 [k] indicate the state of charge of the first secondary battery and the second secondary battery, respectively.
  • R 0, c 1 and R 0, c 2 represent resistance values of series resistors included in the first circuit unit 210 and the second circuit unit 220, respectively.
  • Equation (5) a voltage equation as in Equation (5) can be obtained.
  • Equation (5) the first current distribution equation (6) and the second current distribution equation (7) can be obtained as follows.
  • Equations (6) and (7) can be used to quantitatively determine the magnitude of the current when the operating current I of the hybrid secondary battery flows separately into the first secondary battery and the second secondary battery.
  • Equations (6) and (7) calculate the state of charge of the first secondary battery (z c1 [k]) and the state of charge of the second secondary battery (z c2 [k]) by the following formulas (8) and (9). ) Can be used to update the time according to the ampere counting method.
  • Q c1 and Q c2 represent the capacity of the first secondary battery and the second secondary battery, respectively.
  • ⁇ t represents the time interval between time indices k and k + 1.
  • the control unit 130 in order for the control unit 130 to estimate the voltage of the hybrid secondary battery using the above-described equations represented by the discrete time equation, the state of charge (z c1 [k]) of the first secondary battery, the second secondary battery State of charge (z c2 [k]), the voltage formed by the at least one RC circuit included in the first circuit unit 210 And a voltage formed by at least one RC circuit included in the second circuit unit 220. It is desirable to set initial conditions for.
  • control unit 130 may set an initial condition as shown in Equation 10, but the present invention is not necessarily limited thereto.
  • V [0] is an operation start voltage of the secondary battery first measured by the sensor unit 120 when charging or discharging of the hybrid secondary battery is started, and approximately, charging or discharging of the secondary battery is approximately.
  • the operator OCV c1 -1 is an inverse conversion operator of OCV c1 (z c1 [k]), which is an operator that converts the state of charge of the first secondary battery to an open voltage, and the operator OCV c2 -1 opens the state of charge of the second secondary battery.
  • This is the inverse conversion operator of OCV c2 (z c2 [k]), an operator that converts to voltage.
  • the calculation results of the operator OCV c1 -1 and the operator OCV c2 -1 can be determined using the open voltage profile of the first secondary battery and the open voltage profile of the second secondary battery obtained through experiments.
  • step S10 the control unit 130 monitors the direction and magnitude of the operating current flowing through the hybrid secondary battery 110 using the sensor unit 120 to operate the secondary battery (charge or discharge). Determine if it is started.
  • control unit 130 initializes the time index k to 0 in step S20.
  • control unit 130 at step S30, through the sensor 120, V [0] corresponding to the operation start voltage of the secondary battery 110 and I [0] corresponding to the operation start current. Measure and store in the storage unit 160 (S30).
  • the control unit 130 after measuring and storing V [0] and I [0], initializes the voltage of the hybrid secondary battery using the equations derived from the circuit model at step S40 as follows. Set the condition.
  • the control unit 130 may refer to electrical characteristic values of various circuit elements included in the first circuit unit 210 and the second circuit unit 210 when the initial condition is set.
  • the electrical characteristic values are preferably stored in the storage unit 160 in advance.
  • the electrical characteristic values of each circuit element can be stored as fixed values or as values that can be varied.
  • the electrical characteristic value may vary according to the state of charge, temperature, capacity deterioration, etc. of the hybrid secondary battery.
  • control unit 130 uses the first current distribution equation (6) and the second current distribution equation (7) in step S50 as follows to describe the first current I c1 [0] and the second current I c2. Determine [0].
  • the initial conditions set in the step S40, the predefined open voltage profile for the first secondary battery and the second secondary battery OCV c1 [z c1 ] and OCV c2 [z c2 ], and the first Electrical characteristic values of each circuit element included in the circuit unit 210 and the second circuit unit 220 are used.
  • control unit 130 increases the time index k by one in step S60. Then, the control unit 130, in step S70, the first current I c1 [0] and the second current I c2 [0] determined in the step S50, equation (1), equation (8) and equation (9) is formed by each RC circuit included in the state of charge z c1 of the first secondary battery, the state of charge z c2 of the second secondary battery, the first circuit unit and the second circuit unit as follows. Perform a time update on the voltage.
  • four variables that are time updated will be referred to as input variables.
  • R n, c1 and C n, c1 represent the resistance value and capacitance value of the nth RC circuit included in the first circuit unit, respectively.
  • R m, c 2 and C m, c 2 represent the resistance value and capacitance value of the m-th RC circuit included in the second circuit unit, respectively.
  • n and m may be one or more natural numbers, and if the RC circuit is not included in the first circuit unit and / or the second circuit unit, the time update of the voltage formed by the RC circuit may be omitted.
  • control unit 130 performs a measurement update on the operating current by measuring the operating current of the hybrid secondary battery through the sensor unit 120 in step S80.
  • step S90 the control unit 130 substitutes the time updated input variable and the measured updated operating current into equation (5) corresponding to the voltage equation to estimate the voltage of the hybrid secondary battery as follows. .
  • control unit 130 determines whether ⁇ t corresponding to the time update period for the input variable has elapsed in step S100.
  • control unit 130 monitors the operating current of the secondary battery through the sensor unit 120 in step S110 to determine whether the secondary battery is being charged or discharged.
  • control unit 130 shifts the process to step S50 so as to extend from the time update step of the first current and the second current to the voltage estimation step of the hybrid secondary battery. Repeat once again.
  • Such a recursive algorithm is repeated whenever the time update period ⁇ t of the input variable elapses while the secondary battery is being charged or discharged.
  • step S110 determines whether sufficient time has elapsed after the charging or discharging is finished.
  • sufficient time means the time required until the voltage of the hybrid secondary battery stabilizes to a voltage level corresponding to the open voltage.
  • control unit 130 ends the voltage estimation process of the hybrid secondary battery using the circuit model.
  • the control unit 130 may store the result determined in each step in the storage unit 160, transmit it to another external control unit, or display the result via the display unit 150 in a graphic interface.
  • the graphic interface includes a character, a picture, a graphic, or a combination thereof.
  • control unit 130 may use the voltage of the hybrid secondary battery estimated using the circuit model to control charging or discharging of the secondary battery.
  • the control unit 130 may refer to determining the state of charge or capacity decay of the secondary battery using the estimated voltage of the hybrid secondary battery.
  • the control unit 130 may be included as part of a battery management system that generally controls the operation of the secondary battery.
  • control unit 130 may transmit the estimated voltage of the hybrid secondary battery to a control unit in charge of controlling the secondary battery.
  • the control unit 130 may transmit the estimated voltage of the hybrid secondary battery to the central control device of the vehicle.
  • the control unit 130 selectively selects a processor, an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), another chipset, a logic circuit, a register, a communication modem, a data processing device, or the like, which are known in the art, to execute the various control logics described above. It may include.
  • the control logic when the control logic is implemented in software, the control unit 130 may be implemented as a set of program modules.
  • the program module may be stored in a memory and executed by a processor.
  • the memory may be internal or external to the processor and may be coupled to the processor through various well known computer components.
  • the memory may be included in the storage unit 160 of the present invention.
  • the memory refers to a device that stores information regardless of the type of device, and does not refer to a specific memory device.
  • control logics of the control unit 130 may configure a process of the method for estimating the voltage of the hybrid secondary battery according to the exemplary embodiment of the present invention.
  • control unit 130 may be combined, and the combined control logics may be written in a computer readable code system and stored in a computer readable recording medium.
  • the recording medium is not particularly limited as long as it is accessible by a processor included in the computer.
  • the recording medium includes at least one selected from the group consisting of a ROM, a RAM, a register, a CD-ROM, a magnetic tape, a hard disk, a floppy disk, and an optical data recording device.
  • the code system may be modulated into a carrier signal to be included in a communication carrier at a specific point in time, and may be distributed and stored and executed in a networked computer.
  • functional programs, code and code segments for implementing the combined control logics can be easily inferred by programmers in the art to which the present invention pertains.
  • a 30-Ah capacity and pouch-type first lithium secondary battery including Li [Ni x Mn y Co z ] O 2 and a carbon material in a positive electrode and a negative electrode, and a LiFePO 4 and a carbon material in a positive electrode and a negative electrode, respectively
  • a 5 Lih capacity and a pouch type secondary lithium secondary battery were produced.
  • the first lithium secondary battery and the second lithium secondary battery were connected in parallel to produce a hybrid secondary battery, and then loaded in the constant temperature chamber of the charge / discharge tester. Thereafter, while maintaining the temperature of the hybrid secondary battery at 25 degrees, the battery was discharged until the open voltage became 3.7 V and allowed to rest for a sufficient time. Thereafter, a pulse discharge experiment was conducted in which a short discharge was performed for several tens of seconds under a high rate discharge condition of 200 A.
  • FIG. 6 is a graph showing the voltage of the hybrid secondary battery estimated according to the present invention according to the time change during the pulse discharge experiment.
  • the waveform of the estimated voltage is substantially the same as the voltage waveform observed in the pulse discharge.
  • the change pattern of the voltage estimated immediately after the end of the pulse discharge converges toward the open voltage substantially the same as the change pattern indicated by the actual voltage of the hybrid secondary battery.
  • the inflection point occurs immediately after the end of the pulse discharge, it can be seen that the inflection point also appeared in the profile of the estimated voltage.
  • control unit 140 load

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Abstract

La présente invention porte sur un appareil et un procédé d'estimation de tension de batterie secondaire hybride comprenant une première batterie secondaire et une seconde batterie secondaire qui ont différentes caractéristiques électrochimiques et qui sont connectées en parallèle l'une à l'autre. L'appareil selon la présente invention comprend : une unité de capteur destinée à mesurer le courant de fonctionnement de la batterie secondaire hybride ; et une unité de commande destinée à estimer la tension de la batterie secondaire hybride à l'aide du courant de fonctionnement et d'une équation de tension déduite d'un modèle de circuit comprenant une première unité de circuit destinée à stimuler un changement de la tension de la première partie secondaire au moyen d'un premier élément de tension de circuit ouvert et facultativement d'un premier élément d'impédance, et une seconde unité de circuit destinée à simuler un circuit de la tension de la seconde batterie secondaire au moyen d'un second élément de tension de circuit ouvert et facultativement d'un second élément d'impédance, la seconde unité de circuit étant connectée en parallèle à la première unité de circuit.
PCT/KR2014/009645 2013-10-14 2014-10-14 Appareil d'estimation de tension de batterie secondaire hybride et son procédé WO2015056962A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP14854377.0A EP3059600B1 (fr) 2013-10-14 2014-10-14 Appareil d'estimation de tension de batterie secondaire hybride et son procédé
PL14854377T PL3059600T3 (pl) 2013-10-14 2014-10-14 Aparat do szacowania napięcia hybrydowego akumulatora wtórnego oraz sposób tego szacowania
CN201480056543.3A CN105637380B (zh) 2013-10-14 2014-10-14 用于估算混合二次电池的电压的装置及其方法
US15/027,459 US10073146B2 (en) 2013-10-14 2014-10-14 Apparatus for estimating voltage of hybrid secondary battery and method thereof
JP2016522731A JP6238325B2 (ja) 2013-10-14 2014-10-14 ハイブリッド二次電池の電圧推定装置及びその方法

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

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KR10-2013-0122272 2013-10-14
KR20130122272 2013-10-14
KR1020140137724A KR101650415B1 (ko) 2013-10-14 2014-10-13 하이브리드 이차 전지의 전압 추정 장치 및 그 방법
KR10-2014-0137724 2014-10-13

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CN114966514A (zh) * 2022-07-28 2022-08-30 武汉海亿新能源科技有限公司 一种燃料电池单片电压信号发生器及其控制方法

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