WO2015055084A1 - 一种异步永磁同步发电机 - Google Patents

一种异步永磁同步发电机 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2015055084A1
WO2015055084A1 PCT/CN2014/087748 CN2014087748W WO2015055084A1 WO 2015055084 A1 WO2015055084 A1 WO 2015055084A1 CN 2014087748 W CN2014087748 W CN 2014087748W WO 2015055084 A1 WO2015055084 A1 WO 2015055084A1
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Prior art keywords
rotor
permanent magnet
magnet synchronous
synchronous generator
active
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PCT/CN2014/087748
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English (en)
French (fr)
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孙屹东
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孙屹东
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Publication of WO2015055084A1 publication Critical patent/WO2015055084A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K16/00—Machines with more than one rotor or stator
    • H02K16/02—Machines with one stator and two or more rotors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K17/00—Asynchronous induction motors; Asynchronous induction generators
    • H02K17/02—Asynchronous induction motors
    • H02K17/16—Asynchronous induction motors having rotors with internally short-circuited windings, e.g. cage rotors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K21/00—Synchronous motors having permanent magnets; Synchronous generators having permanent magnets
    • H02K21/12—Synchronous motors having permanent magnets; Synchronous generators having permanent magnets with stationary armatures and rotating magnets
    • H02K21/14—Synchronous motors having permanent magnets; Synchronous generators having permanent magnets with stationary armatures and rotating magnets with magnets rotating within the armatures
    • H02K21/16—Synchronous motors having permanent magnets; Synchronous generators having permanent magnets with stationary armatures and rotating magnets with magnets rotating within the armatures having annular armature cores with salient poles

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a generator, in particular to a power generating device capable of asynchronously running synchronous power generation.
  • the asynchronous generator is simple, reliable and easy to maintain. It can be directly connected to the network for power generation, and the speed of the original power machine can be varied. However, the asynchronous generator needs to absorb reactive power from the network, affecting its power factor, and the efficiency of the generator is relatively low. And there is a problem of low voltage penetration. Synchronous generator is the basis of power generation in the grid. The efficiency of the generator is relatively high. However, the synchronous generator requires the speed of the generator to be compatible with the grid frequency. The speed of the prime mover must be fixed and cannot be changed according to the original power requirements. Need to increase the electronic inverter system, due to the complexity of the inverter system and the difficulty of the technology, affecting the reliability of the system, and increasing the investment, in the process of running high-order harmonics, affecting the quality of power supply.
  • the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to realize a power generation device for horizontal asynchronous operation synchronous power generation.
  • an asynchronous permanent magnet synchronous generator which comprises an inner rotor generator by a wound stator, an active rotor, a driven rotor, an end cover, a bearing, a power supply lead wire and a rotating shaft. Or an outer rotor generator;
  • the winding stator of the inner rotor type generator is fixed to the side end covers, and the active rotor is connected to the rotating shaft and supported by the bearing on the rotating shaft on both side end covers in the winding stator.
  • the driven rotor is fixed between the active rotor and the winding stator through a bearing, and the rotating shaft is coupled with the power machine;
  • the active rotor of the outer rotor type generator is fixed to the side end covers, and the rotating shaft is coupled with the active rotor, and the end cover is fixed with a shaft passing through the inside of the active rotor through a bearing, the winding stator
  • the shaft is fixed on the shaft in the active rotor, and the driven rotor is fixed between the driving rotor and the winding stator through a bearing, and the rotating shaft is coupled with the power machine.
  • the wound stator is composed of a stator core and a winding.
  • the active rotor is composed of a rotor core and a conductor.
  • the active rotor is constructed by casting aluminum or copper from a core, that is, a squirrel-cage rotor.
  • the active rotor is formed by a core and a coil, that is, a wound rotor.
  • the driven rotor is constructed by connecting magnetic poles at intervals in the circumferential direction.
  • the driven rotor is made of a permanent magnet magnetic strip bonded by a strong glue at intervals of N and S poles, and is packaged in a drum shape by an epoxy resin, and a bearing chamber is arranged at the end.
  • the driven rotor is formed by a permanent magnet magnetic strip embedded in an aluminum or copper dragon skeleton at intervals of N and S poles to form a drum shape, and a bearing chamber is arranged at the end.
  • the driven rotor is a magnetic pole formed by winding a core, and is sealed by an epoxy resin and has a bearing chamber at the end.
  • the invention has the advantages that the horizontal generator can synchronously generate synchronous power generation, the speed of the generator of the generator can be varied within a certain range, and has the characteristics of a synchronous generator, and does not need to input a complicated inverter system, like an asynchronous generator. It's as simple, safe, and reliable.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of an inner rotor type asynchronous permanent magnet synchronous generator
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of an outer rotor type asynchronous permanent magnet synchronous generator
  • Figure 3 is a schematic view showing the structure of the driven rotor of Figures 1 and 2;
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional structural view of an inner rotor type asynchronous permanent magnet synchronous generator
  • Figure 5 is a schematic view showing the structure of the excitation pole of the driven rotor of Figures 1 and 2;
  • the markings in the above figures are: 1, winding stator; 2, driven rotor; 3, active rotor; 4, rotating shaft; 5, bearing; 6, end cover; 7, bearing; 8, conductor; 10, power lead wiring; 201, S pole magnetic strip; 202, N pole magnetic strip; 203, fixed frame.
  • the asynchronous permanent magnet synchronous generator mainly comprises an outer stator generator or a winding stator 1 , an active rotor 3 , a driven rotor 2 , an end cover 6 , bearings 5 , 7 , a power supply lead 11 and a rotating shaft 4 .
  • the internal stator generator; the generator of the present application adds a driven rotor 2 between the existing horizontal generator winding stator 1 and the active rotor 3.
  • the winding stator 1 of the inner rotor generator is fixedly connected to the two side end covers 6, the active rotor 3 is connected to the rotating shaft 4, the rotating shaft 4 is coupled with the power machine, and the driving rotor 3 is supported by the winding stator 1 through the bearing 5 on the rotating shaft 4.
  • the driven rotor 2 is fixed between the drive rotor 3 and the wound stator 1 via bearings 7.
  • the active rotor 3 of the outer rotor generator is fixed to the side end covers 6, the rotating shaft 4 is coupled with the active rotor 3, the rotating shaft 4 is coupled with the power machine, and the end caps 6 on both sides of the active rotor 3 are provided with bearings.
  • the bearing 5 is fixed with a shaft penetrating the inside of the active rotor 3
  • the shaft rod is used to support the winding stator 1 fixed in the active rotor 3
  • the power lead wire 10 on the winding stator 1 is led out by the shaft, driven
  • the rotor 2 is fixed between the driving rotor 3 and the winding stator 1 via a bearing 7.
  • the driven rotor 2 is formed by connecting magnetic poles in the circumferential direction, and the S pole magnetic strip 201 and the N pole magnetic strip 202 may be bonded by a superglue and encapsulated by an epoxy resin to form a roller-like structure.
  • the end portion is provided with a bearing chamber; the dragon skeleton 203 may be fixed by copper or aluminum, and the S pole magnetic strip 201 and the N pole magnetic strip 202 are interspersed in the groove of the fixing frame 203 to form a drum-like structure, and the end portion is formed.
  • the wound stator 1 is composed of a stator core and a winding 9.
  • the driving rotor 3 may be composed of a rotor core and a conductor 8; a squirrel-cage rotor formed by casting aluminum or copper with a core; or a wound rotor may be formed by winding a core.
  • the driven rotor 2 in the middle has no yoke itself, and its magnetic field forms a magnetic circuit through the upper and lower air gaps through the winding stator 1 and the active rotor 3 core, when the prime mover drives the active rotor 3 to rotate.
  • the magnetic field of the driven rotor 2 cuts the inner conductor of the active rotor 3 to generate an induced current, and the electromagnetic force generates the rotation of the driven rotor 2 (as in the asynchronous motor principle), and the magnetic field of the driven rotor 2 rotates to wind the winding of the stator 1 9, generate induced current power generation (such as the principle of synchronous power generation).
  • the above-described active rotor 3 interacts with the driven rotor 2 as an asynchronous motor in a general sense
  • the driven rotor 2 interacts with the wound stator 1 as a synchronous motor in a general sense.
  • the motor When the power supply is connected, when the speed of the active rotor 3 is lower than the speed of the driven rotor 2, that is, lower than the synchronous speed of the grid, the motor is in the state of the motor, and the motor delivers reactive power to the grid, which is equivalent to the operation of the camera;
  • the speed of the driven rotor 2 is higher than the synchronous speed of the grid, the generator is in the generator state, and the motor delivers the active power to the grid.
  • the invention has the advantages that the driven rotor 2 can work at a fixed rotational speed, adapts to the requirements of the grid frequency, and tends to synchronize the operating state, and the active rotor 3 tends to operate asynchronously with respect to the driven rotor 2, thereby meeting the speed change requirement of the power machine, thereby Achieve asynchronous operation of the generator.
  • the generator can directly generate power through the network, does not require an additional electronic inverter system, and has the characteristics of an asynchronous generator.
  • the speed can be varied within a certain range to adapt to the requirements of the power machine.
  • the generator has synchronous high efficiency and the speed of the asynchronous generator. Adaptability and reliability.
  • the invention can be applied to the application of synchronous power generation of a power machine (such as wind power generation) whose rotational speed is not stably controlled.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Permanent Magnet Type Synchronous Machine (AREA)

Abstract

一种卧式异步永磁同步发电机，包括绕线定子（1）、主动转子（3）、从动转子（2）、端盖（6）、轴承（5，7）和转轴（4），绕线定子与两侧端盖固接，主动转子与转轴连接，并通过转轴上的轴承支承在绕线定子内的两侧端盖上，从动转子通过轴承固定在主动转子和绕线定子之间，转轴与动力机联接。该卧式发电机能够异步运行同步发电，发电机的原动力机速度可在一定范围内变化，且具有同步发电机的特性，不需要投入复杂的逆变***，像异步发电机一样简洁、安全、可靠地运行。

Description

一种异步永磁同步发电机 技术领域
本发明涉及发电机，尤其涉及一种可以异步运行同步发电的发电设备。
背景技术
传统的发电机有异步和同步发电机之分，其主要部件包括定子和转子。不管是同步发电机还是异步发电，均有着各自的优缺点，适用于不同原动力机。
异步发电机简捷、可靠、便于维护，可以直接接入网上发电，且原动力机转速可变范围，但异步发电机需要从网上吸收无功功率，影响其功率因数，且发电机的效率相对较低，且存在低电压穿透问题。同步发电机是电网发电的基础，发电机效率相对较高，但同步发电要求发电机的转速与电网频率相适应，原动力机的转速要固定，不能随原动力要求而改变，为了满足速度变化动力发电需要，需增加电子逆变***，由于逆变***的复杂性和技术的难度，影响***的可靠性，且增加了投资，在运行过程中还要产生高次谐波，影响供电质量。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题是实现一种卧式异步运行同步发电的发电设备。
为了实现上述目的，本发明采用的技术方案为：一种异步永磁同步发电机，由绕线定子、主动转子、从动转子、端盖、轴承、电源引接线和转轴构成内转子式发电机或外转子式发电机；
所述的内转子式发电机的绕线定子与两側端盖固接，所述的主动转子与转轴连接，并通过转轴上的轴承支承在绕线定子内的两側端盖上，所述的从动转子通过轴承固定在主动转子和绕线定子之间，所述的转轴与动力机联接；
所述的外转子式发电机的主动转子与两側端盖固接，转轴与主动转子联接，所述的端盖上通过轴承固定有穿过主动转子内部的轴杆，所述的绕线定子固定在主动转子内的轴杆上，所述的从动转子通过轴承固定在主动转子和绕线定子之间，所述的转轴与动力机联接。
所述的绕线定子是由定子铁芯和绕组构成。
所述的主动转子是由转子铁芯和导体构成。
所述的主动转子是通过铁芯铸铝或铜而构成，即鼠笼转子。
所述的主动转子是通过铁芯与绕制线圈而构成，即绕线转子。
所述的从动转子是由沿圆周方向间隔相连磁极而构成。
所述的从动转子是由永磁磁条按N、S极间隔用强力胶粘接，经环氧树脂封装而成滚筒状，端部设有轴承室。
所述的从动转子是由永磁磁条按N、S极间隔镶嵌在铝或铜质龙骨架上形成滚筒状，端部设有轴承室。
所述的从动转子是由铁芯上绕线而成的他励磁极，由环氧树脂封装而成滚筒状，端部设有轴承室。
本发明的优点在于该卧式发电机能够异步运行同步发电，发电机的原动力机速度可在一定范围内变化，且具有同步发电机的特性，不需要投入复杂的逆变***，像异步发电机一样简洁、安全、可靠的运行。
附图说明
下面对本发明说明书中每幅附图表达的内容及图中的标记作简要说明：
图1为内转子式异步永磁同步发电机结构示意图；
图2为外转子式异步永磁同步发电机结构示意图；
图3为图1、2中从动转子结构示意图；
图4为内转子式异步永磁同步发电机截面结构示意图；
图5为图1、2中从动转子他励磁极结构示意图；
上述图中的标记均为：1、绕线定子；2、从动转子；3、主动转子；4、转轴；5、轴承；6、端盖；7、轴承；8、导体；9、绕组；10、电源引接线；201、S极磁条；202、N极磁条；203、固定框架。
具体实施方式
参见图1可知，异步永磁同步发电机主要由绕线定子1、主动转子3、从动转子2、端盖6、轴承5、7、电源引接线11和转轴4构成外定子式发电机或内定子式发电机；本申请发电机是在现有卧式发电机绕线定子1和主动转子3之间增加一个从动转子2。
其中内转子发电机的绕线定子1与两側端盖6固接，主动转子3与转轴4连接，转轴4与动力机联接，主动转子3通过转轴4上的轴承5支承在绕线定子1内的两側端盖6上，从动转子2通过轴承7固定在主动转子3和绕线定子1之间。
如图2所示，外转子发电机的主动转子3与两側端盖6固接，转轴4与主动转子3联接，转轴4与动力机联接，主动转子3两侧的端盖6上设有轴承5，轴承5内固定有贯穿主动转子3内部的轴杆，轴杆用于支持固定在主动转子3内的绕线定子1，绕线定子1上的电源引接线10由轴杆引出，从动转子2通过轴承7固定在主动转子3和绕线定子1之间。
如图3所示，从动转子2是由沿圆周方向间隔相连磁极而构成，可有S极磁条201和N极磁条202通过由强力胶粘接，经环氧树脂封装形成滚筒状结构，端部设有轴承室；也可以采用铜或铝制成龙骨架203固定，将S极磁条201和N极磁条202间隔镶嵌在固定框架203的凹槽内，形成滚筒状结构，端部设有轴承室；也可以是如图5所示，由铁芯上绕线而成的他励磁极，由环氧树脂封装而成滚筒状，端部设有轴承室。
如图4所示，绕线定子1是由定子铁芯和绕组9构成。主动转子3可以由转子铁芯和导体8构成；也可以通过铁芯铸铝或铜而构成的鼠笼转子；也可以通过铁芯绕制线圈而构成绕线转子。
本发明的异步永磁同步发电机工作原理如下：
如图1所示，位于中间的从动转子2，其本身没有磁轭，其磁场通过上下气隙经绕线定子1和主动转子3铁芯形成磁路，当原动力机带动主动转子3旋转时，从动转子2的磁场切割主动转子3内导体产生感应电流，产生电磁力带动从动转子2旋转(如异步电机原理一样)，而从动转子2旋转时其磁场切割绕线定子1内线圈9，产生感应电流发电(如同步发电原理一样)。上述主动转子3与从动转子2相互作用如同一般意义上的异步电机，而从动转子2与绕线定子1相互作用如同一般意义上的同步电机。当接上电源后，当主动转子3转速低于从动转子2转速，即低于电网同步转速时，此时处于电动机状态，电动机向电网输送无功，相当调相机工作；当主动转子3转速高于从动转子2转速，即高于电网同步转速时，此时处于发电机状态，电机向电网输送有功功率。
本发明的优点：从动转子2可以固定的转速工作，适应电网频率的要求，趋于同步运行状态，而主动转子3相对从动转子2趋于异步运行状态，满足动力机的速度变化要求，从而实现发电机异步运行。发电机可以直接馈网发电，不需要额外的电子逆变***，同时具有异步发电机的特性，转速可在一定范围变化，适应动力机的要求，发电机具有同步的高效率，异步发电机的速度适应性和可靠性。本发明可用于转速不可稳定控制的动力机(如风力发电)同步发电的应用。
上面结合附图对本发明进行了示例性描述，显然本发明具体实现并不受上述方式的限制，只要采用了本发明的方法构思和技术方案进行的各种非实质性的改进，或未经改进将本发明的构思和技术方案直接应用于其它场合的，均在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (9)

  1. 一种异步永磁同步发电机，其特征在于：由绕线定子(1)、主动转子(3)、从动转子(2)、端盖(6)、轴承(5、7)、电源引接线(10)和转轴(4)构成内转子式发电机或外转子式发电机；
    所述的内转子式发电机的绕线定子(1)与两側端盖(6)固接，所述的主动转子(3)与转轴(4)连接，并通过转轴(4)上的轴承(5)支承在绕线定子(1)内的两側端盖(6)上，所述的从动转子(2)通过轴承(7)固定在主动转子(3)和绕线定子(1)之间，所述的转轴(4)与动力机联接；
    所述的外转子式发电机的主动转子(3)与两側端盖(6)固接，转轴(4)与主动转子(3)联接，所述的端盖(6)上通过轴承(5)固定有穿过主动转子(3)内部的轴杆，所述的绕线定子(1)固定在主动转子(3)内的轴杆上，所述的从动转子(2)通过轴承(7)固定在主动转子(3)和绕线定子(1)之间，所述的转轴(4)与动力机联接。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的异步永磁同步发电机，其特征在于：所述的绕线定子(1)是由定子铁芯和绕组(9)构成。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的异步永磁同步发电机，其特征在于：所述的主动转子(3)是由转子铁芯和导体(8)构成。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的异步永磁同步发电机，其特征在于：所述的主动转子(3)是通过铁芯铸铝或铜而构成的鼠笼转子。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的异步永磁同步发电机，其特征在于：所述的主动转子(3)是通过铁芯与绕制线圈而构成的绕线转子。
  6. 根据权利要求1-5中任一项所述的异步永磁同步发电机，其特征在于：所述的从动转子(2)是由沿圆周方向间隔相连磁极而构成。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的异步永磁同步发电机，其特征在于：所述的从动转子(2)是由永磁磁条按N、S极间隔用强力胶粘接，经环氧树脂封装而成滚筒状，端部设有轴承室。
  8. 根据权利要求6所述的异步永磁同步发电机，其特征在于：所述的从动转子(2)是由永磁磁条按N、S极间隔镶嵌在铝或铜质龙骨架上形成滚筒状，端部设有轴承室。
  9. 根据权利要求6所述的异步永磁同步发电机，其特征在于：所述的从动转子(2)是由铁芯上绕线而成的他励磁极，由环氧树脂封装而成滚筒状，端部设有轴承室。
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