WO2015051477A1 - Dredger actuated from land - Google Patents

Dredger actuated from land Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2015051477A1
WO2015051477A1 PCT/CL2013/000073 CL2013000073W WO2015051477A1 WO 2015051477 A1 WO2015051477 A1 WO 2015051477A1 CL 2013000073 W CL2013000073 W CL 2013000073W WO 2015051477 A1 WO2015051477 A1 WO 2015051477A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
blade
dredger
dragging
sediments
frame
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CL2013/000073
Other languages
Spanish (es)
French (fr)
Inventor
Heriberto Floridor QUIDIANTE DIAZ
Original Assignee
Quidiante Diaz Heriberto Floridor
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Quidiante Diaz Heriberto Floridor filed Critical Quidiante Diaz Heriberto Floridor
Priority to PCT/CL2013/000073 priority Critical patent/WO2015051477A1/en
Priority to US15/027,741 priority patent/US20160237643A1/en
Publication of WO2015051477A1 publication Critical patent/WO2015051477A1/en
Priority to US16/227,344 priority patent/US10519625B2/en

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02F—DREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
    • E02F5/00—Dredgers or soil-shifting machines for special purposes
    • E02F5/28—Dredgers or soil-shifting machines for special purposes for cleaning watercourses or other ways
    • E02F5/285—Dredgers or soil-shifting machines for special purposes for cleaning watercourses or other ways with drag buckets or scraper plates
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
    • E02B3/00—Engineering works in connection with control or use of streams, rivers, coasts, or other marine sites; Sealings or joints for engineering works in general
    • E02B3/02—Stream regulation, e.g. breaking up subaqueous rock, cleaning the beds of waterways, directing the water flow
    • E02B3/023—Removing sediments
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02F—DREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
    • E02F3/00—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines
    • E02F3/04—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines mechanically-driven
    • E02F3/46—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines mechanically-driven with reciprocating digging or scraping elements moved by cables or hoisting ropes ; Drives or control devices therefor
    • E02F3/52—Cableway excavators
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02F—DREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
    • E02F3/00—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines
    • E02F3/04—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines mechanically-driven
    • E02F3/46—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines mechanically-driven with reciprocating digging or scraping elements moved by cables or hoisting ropes ; Drives or control devices therefor
    • E02F3/58—Component parts
    • E02F3/60—Buckets, scrapers, or other digging elements
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02F—DREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
    • E02F5/00—Dredgers or soil-shifting machines for special purposes
    • E02F5/02—Dredgers or soil-shifting machines for special purposes for digging trenches or ditches
    • E02F5/027—Dredgers or soil-shifting machines for special purposes for digging trenches or ditches with coulters, ploughs, scraper plates, or the like
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A10/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE at coastal zones; at river basins

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a dredge for the extraction and cleaning of sediments in bays, access to ports, navigable channels, docks, watercourses, lakes or reservoirs, provided with means of excavation, dragging, removal of the bottom and means of regulation and of support, whose driving force (of said dredger), is exerted from land and not from a boat on the surface of the sea (water), as usually happens with existing dredgers according to the state of the art.
  • Dredges are the machines or vessels that are used for the dredging operation. Dredging is the operation of excavation and cleaning of sediments in watercourses, lakes, bays, access to ports, etc., to increase the tonnage of the vessels and their carrying capacity. The depth of a navigable canal or a river conditions the size of the boats that can navigate it.
  • dredges Depending on the bottom material that requires dredging, different types of dredges are used.
  • Dredging operations potentially have a significant environmental impact: at least alteration of the bottom of the bottom and the mud removed generates a lot of suspended solid that affects a large radius around the site. These environmental impacts must be timely and conveniently evaluated in order to take into consideration possible mitigation measures.
  • dredges are the following: a) Bucket dredgers.
  • ES 2.099.244 refers to a dredge provided with at least one tube (5) adjustable at an arbitrary angle, containing a scarifying tape (6) for the excavation of dregs and other light sediments, characterized in that the scarifying belt (6) extends to the lowest part of said tube (5), whose lower part of the tube (5) ends in a scarifying blade (9 ") so that the sludge and other light sediments can be transported along said tube (5).
  • the skids are additionally equipped with air chambers similar to those of the submarines, which allow to limit an exact regulation of the pressure that is desired to exert on the sediments.
  • air chambers also allow a minimum of motive force to be required to move the dredger blade, without sediment, both when carried backwards and when transported.
  • Fig. 1 shows an isometric view of the dredger of the invention.
  • Figure 2 shows a view in lateral elevation of the dredger of the invention.
  • Figure 3 shows a front elevational view of the dredger of the invention.
  • Fig. 4 shows a top plan view of the dredger of the invention.
  • the invention for a dredge with sediment dragging system or the like is provided with a drag shovel (1) with vertical movement by the use of a hydraulic or mechanical mechanism (6), to regulate the cut (angle of attack of drag), has been created for the sweeping or dragging and extraction of material under water or dredging.
  • Said shovel (1) is driven (or dragged) by two huinches anchored by chains (not illustrated) at a suitable distance to the surface to be dredged; they are connected to a chain in crow's feet (8) that takes the dredge from long-girder beams (2) corresponding to the frame of the dredger, which has coupled at least four systems or means of watertight skids (4), to be dragged with an angle of attack of a lower blade (9) located on the lower perimeter edge of the dredge, as a means of not sinking into the bottom or material to be extracted.
  • the sediment material to be extracted may be soft, the wide surface of said skates (4) covers a large contact area so that it does not sink therein.
  • skids (4) being watertight can be flooded inside to make them more ballast or emptied, so that they have buoyancy and that helps to lighten the weight of the entire structure or frame of the dredger, said frame has the peculiarity that its frame It is removable, for its transport that is why part of its beams (2) are bolted.
  • a graduated ruler is used on the structure to control the progress of dredging, when the requested depth is less than six meters.
  • a huinche is mounted on beams skids to be moved according to the advance, by an excavating machine and is positioned by topography to maintain a dredging line, it becomes firm even anchor port on the beach.
  • Another huhe (not illustrated) is in the boat offshore, which is anchored and is in charge of returning the shovel (1) to the point where it begins to remove the material, this huin does not need much power but faster to position the dredger at its starting point. This is because the material is not being cut, or the steel blade has been lightened (9) by removing weight or giving it buoyancy through compressed air tanks.
  • the blade itself (1) has a semi-cylindrical longitudinal configuration with side walls (1 a), which allows you to turn the material and dragging it in a circular way as it advances, in the lower perimeter of the blade (1) , is provided with a blade of hard steel (9), with spare nails bolted, for possible hard material that the blade (9) can not remove, then breaks and advances accumulating the material in the blade ().
  • the frame of the dredge where the shovel (1) is mounted is formed by a body of general rectangular configuration, provided with two lateral longitudinal beams (2), of transverse configuration in the form of ⁇ ", for the longitudinal zone and three transversal beams of transversal configuration in the form of "H" (3), which are positioned one at each end and a third beam (5) located behind the blade (1) where adjustable support supports go, which help to avoid deformation of the blade (1), all this is fixed by bolts.
  • It has an upper arch (5b) that serves to move the blade (1) vertically. Immediately under this upper arch (5b) carries a grooved support in vertical form (6) where a pivot shaft is inserted which allows to adjust the cutting height of the blade (1), and once regulated, is fixed by bolts pins.
  • the runners (4) are four prismatic support structures, located inside the vertices where the longitudinal beams (2) and extreme transverse beams (3) are, said runners (4) prevent the blade (1) from sinking in the substrate to be fractioned, because to be watertight and of a certain volume, have the ability to invade or stay full of air, which allows to regulate the weight of the dredge machine. This is achieved by the introduction of compressed air through a valve (not shown), which extracts the water by injecting air under pressure, leaving it for a second valve (not used), then these valves are closed regulated the depth of cut.
  • Excavators are also used above barges, but it is a risky operation due to the stability of the pontoon (boat) and the dimensions of the excavation.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
  • Earth Drilling (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a drag dredger for the removal and cleaning of sediment in bays, port entrances, navigable channels, docks, watercourses, lakes or reservoirs, which is provided with means for excavating, dragging and removing the bottom of the waterway and means for regulation and support, the driving force for which is provided from land, which facilitates extraction of sediments directly onto the land, immediately leaving a planar surface on the sea bed. The aforesaid is achieved by controlling the excavator means and very closely controlling the cutting depth, all in a shorter period of time and at lower cost. The dredger is characterized in that it is formed from a frame provided with a drag scoop (1) that can move vertically by means of the use of a hydraulic or mechanical mechanism (6), in order to control cutting (drag cutting angle), as well as comprising transverse (3) and longitudinal (2) beams with crow-foot chains (8) for dragging the dredger. In addition, coupled to said frame, are at least four leaktight runner means or systems (4) to allow dragging with a lower blade (9) at a cutting angle, said lower blade being located on the lower peripheral edge of the scoop (1). The leaktight runners (4) prevent the dredger from sinking into the bed or into the material to be extracted.

Description

TITULO : "DRAGA ACCI ONADA DESDE TIERRA"  TITLE: "DRAGA ACCI ONADA FROM EARTH"
CAM PO DE APLICACI ON APPLICATION CAM
La invención se refiere a una draga para la extracción y limpieza de sedimentos en bahías, accesos a puertos, canales navegables, dársenas, cursos de agua, lagos o embalses, provista de medios de excavación , arrastre, remoción del fondo y medios de regulación y de soporte, cuya fuerza motriz (de dicha draga), se ejerce desde tierra y no desde una embarcación en la superficie del mar (agua), como sucede habitualmente con las dragas existentes de acuerdo al estado de la técnica.  The invention relates to a dredge for the extraction and cleaning of sediments in bays, access to ports, navigable channels, docks, watercourses, lakes or reservoirs, provided with means of excavation, dragging, removal of the bottom and means of regulation and of support, whose driving force (of said dredger), is exerted from land and not from a boat on the surface of the sea (water), as usually happens with existing dredgers according to the state of the art.
Las dragas son las máquinas o embarcaciones que se utilizan para la operación de dragado. Dragado es la operación de excavación y limpieza de los sedimentos en cursos de agua, lagos, bahías, accesos a puertos, etc, para aumentar el tonelaje de las embarcaciones y su capacidad de carga. La profundidad de un canal navegable o de un río condiciona el tamaño de las embarcaciones que lo pueden navegar. Dredges are the machines or vessels that are used for the dredging operation. Dredging is the operation of excavation and cleaning of sediments in watercourses, lakes, bays, access to ports, etc., to increase the tonnage of the vessels and their carrying capacity. The depth of a navigable canal or a river conditions the size of the boats that can navigate it.
Los ríos y las marejadas arrastran sedimentos que se depositan en el fondo e bahías o sitios de aguas más tranquilas donde se construyen los puertos, disminuyendo la profundidad de los mismos y por ende el tonelaje de las embarcaciones que lo acceden. Con el fin de mejorar la capacidad de transporte por agua, cuando los puertos se embancan deben ser dragados para aumentar o recuperar su capacidad original. Por otra parte, aumentar el calado en estas zonas no solo facilita el tráfico marítimo por ellas, sino que además dismi nuye el riesgo para los buques, evitando el encallamiento. The rivers and the swells drag sediments that are deposited in the bottom and bays or sites of calmer waters where the ports are built, decreasing the depth of the same and therefore the tonnage of the boats that access it. In order to improve water transport capacity, when the ports are bunked they must be dredged to increase or recover their original capacity. On the other hand, increasing the draft in these areas not only facilitates traffic maritime by them, but also reduces the risk to ships, avoiding stranding.
En función del material del fondo que requ iere ser dragado, se utilizan diferentes tipos de dragas. Depending on the bottom material that requires dredging, different types of dredges are used.
Las operaciones de dragado tienen potencialmente u n impacto ambiental significativo: a lo menos alteración su bstancial del fondo y el lodo removido genera mucho sólido en suspensión que afecta un gran radio en torno a la faena. Estos impactos ambientales deben ser oportuna y convenientemente evaluado a fin de tomar en consideración las posibles medidas de mitigación de las mismas. Dredging operations potentially have a significant environmental impact: at least alteration of the bottom of the bottom and the mud removed generates a lot of suspended solid that affects a large radius around the site. These environmental impacts must be timely and conveniently evaluated in order to take into consideration possible mitigation measures.
Entre los tipos de dragas se encuentran las siguientes: a) Las dragas de cuchara. Among the types of dredges are the following: a) Bucket dredgers.
Operan mediante un brazo móvil que extrae los materiales del fondo.  They operate by means of a mobile arm that extracts the materials from the bottom.
b) Las dragas de cangilones: b) Bucket dredgers:
Pequeñas cucharas extraen los sedi mentos. c) Las dragas hidráulicas de succión:  Small spoons extract the sedi mentos. c) Hydraulic suction dredges:
Son utilizadas en terrenos blandos y generalmente son acopladas a una tubería flotante por la que son llevados los materiales hasta la orilla.  They are used in soft terrain and are usually coupled to a floating pipe through which the materials are carried to the shore.
En lo que se refiere al estado de la técnica para dragas en general, podemos citar la patente ES 471 .035, la que se refiere a una draga que lleva un cuerpo flotante, un brazo que se extiende hacia delante y que lleva, en su extremo anterior, un útil disgregador, estando dicho brazo montado pivotante por su extremo posterior sobre el cuerpo flotante, con objeto de poder adoptar una posición de trabajo más o menos sumergida y una posición de reposo levantado, medios de suspensión del brazo para regular su posición, en la cual el brazo está previsto en dos partes, de las cuales la primera está montada pivotante por su extremo posterior alrededor de un eje horizontal sobre el extremo anterior de dicha primera parte de brazo, mientras que la segunda parte del brazo está montada móvil sobre dicha plataforma, caracterizada porque, por una parte, están previstos medios para mantener la plataforma horizontal y, por otra parte, el montaje móvil de la segunda parte de brazo sobre dicha plataforma consiste en un montaje pivotante alrededor de un eje vertical. With regard to the state of the art for dredgers in general, we can cite the patent ES 471 .035, which refers to a dredger carrying a floating body, an arm that extends forward and that carries, in its previous end, a useful disgregator, said arm being pivoted at its rear end on the floating body, in order to be able to adopt a more or less submerged working position and a raised rest position, means of suspension of the arm to regulate its position, in which the The arm is provided in two parts, of which the first is mounted pivoting at its rear end about a horizontal axis on the front end of said first arm part, while the second part of the arm is movably mounted on said platform, characterized because, on the one hand, means are provided to maintain the horizontal platform and, on the other hand, the mobile assembly of the second arm part on said platform consists of a pivoting assembly about a vertical axis.
Otra patente de invención, es la ES 2.099.244, la cual se refiere a una draga dotada, como mínimo, de un tubo (5) ajustable en un ángulo arbitrario, que contiene una cinta escarificadora (6) para la excavación de posos y otros sedimentos ligeros, caracterizada porque la cinta escarificadora (6) se extiende hasta la parte mas baja de dicho tubo (5), cuya parte m inas baja del tubo (5) termina en una cuchilla escarificadora (9") de manera que los posos y otros sedimentos ligeros pueden ser transportados a lo largo de dicho tubo (5). Another patent of invention, is the ES 2.099.244, which refers to a dredge provided with at least one tube (5) adjustable at an arbitrary angle, containing a scarifying tape (6) for the excavation of dregs and other light sediments, characterized in that the scarifying belt (6) extends to the lowest part of said tube (5), whose lower part of the tube (5) ends in a scarifying blade (9 ") so that the sludge and other light sediments can be transported along said tube (5).
Problema de la técnica que resuelve el invento. Problem of the technique that solves the invention.
Con el fin de disminuir los costos de operación gran parte de la faena y en particular la mayor fuerza motriz para operar la draga se instala en tierra y no en el mar (agua) como sucede habitualmente en las dragas existentes en estado de la técnica. Para mejorar la capacidad de regular la penetración de la pala correspondiente a la draga de la invención, está dotada de patines anchos para que no se hundan en material blando, que mediante un mecanismo de regulación permiten un mayor o menos ángulo de ataque a los sedimentos del fondo. In order to reduce operating costs, a large part of the work and in particular the greater motive power to operate the dredger is installed on land and not in the sea (water) as it usually happens in existing dredgers in the state of the art. To improve the ability to regulate the penetration of the blade corresponding to the dredger of the invention, it is equipped with wide skids so that they do not sink into soft material, which by means of a regulation mechanism allow a greater or less angle of attack to the sediments From the bottom.
Los patines adicionalmente están dotados de cámaras de aire similares a las de los submarinos, que permiten acotar una regulación exacta de la presión que se desea ejercer sobre los sedimentos.  The skids are additionally equipped with air chambers similar to those of the submarines, which allow to limit an exact regulation of the pressure that is desired to exert on the sediments.
Estas cámaras de aire permiten además que se requiera un m ínimo de fuerza motriz para mover la pala de la draga, sin sedimentos, tanto cuando se lleva hacia atrás como cuando se transporta.  These air chambers also allow a minimum of motive force to be required to move the dredger blade, without sediment, both when carried backwards and when transported.
Para mitigar los sólidos suspendidos, que producen un gran impacto en la flora y fauna macro y microscópica en un amplio radio en torno a la faena, aumentada por efectos de corrientes y/o marejadas, se agrega una bomba de succión sobre la pala. DESCRIPCIÓN DE LAS FIGURAS  To mitigate the suspended solids, which produce a great impact on the macro and microscopic flora and fauna in a wide radius around the site, increased by the effects of currents and / or swells, a suction pump is added on the blade. DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES
Para comprender con mayor facilidad la conformación y características técnicas de la draga de la invención, la describiremos en parte a los dibujos que forman parte integral, sin que ello signifique limitarla o modificaciones obvia que pudiesen surgir, en donde:  To understand more easily the conformation and technical characteristics of the dredger of the invention, we will describe it in part to the drawings that are an integral part, without this meaning limiting it or obvious modifications that could arise, where:
La Fig. 1 muestra una vista isométrica de la draga de la invención.  Fig. 1 shows an isometric view of the dredger of the invention.
La Figura 2, muestra una vista en elevación lateral de la draga de la invención. La Figura 3, muestra una vista en elevación frontal de la draga de la invención. Figure 2 shows a view in lateral elevation of the dredger of the invention. Figure 3 shows a front elevational view of the dredger of the invention.
La Fig. 4 muestra una vista en planta superior de la draga de la invención.  Fig. 4 shows a top plan view of the dredger of the invention.
DESCRIPCIÓN DE LA INVENCIÓN DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
En atención a las figuras 1 a 4, la invención para una draga con sistema de arrastre de sedimentos o lo similar, está dotada con una pala de arrastre (1 ) con movimiento vertical mediante el uso de un mecanismo hidráulico o mecánico (6), para regular el corte (ángulo de ataque de arrastre), ha sido creada para el barrido o arrastre y extracción de material bajo agua o dragado. Dicha pala de arrastre (1 ) es accionada (o arrastrada) por dos huinches anclados mediante cadenas (no ilustradas) a una distancia adecuada a la superficie a dragar; se conectan a una cadena en pata de gallo (8) que toma la draga de unas vigas longuerinas (2) correspondiente al bastidor de la draga, la cual tiene acoplado al menos cuatro sistemas o medios de patines estancos (4), para ser arrastrado con un ángulo de ataque de una cuchilla inferior (9) ubicada en el canto perimetral inferior de la draga, como medio para no hundirse en el fondo o en el material a extraer. Como el material de sedimento a extraer puede ser blando, la superficie amplia de dichos patines (4) abarca una gran área de contacto a fin de que no se hunda en ella. Estos patines (4) al ser estancos se puede inundar en su interior para hacerlos más lastre o vaciados, para que tengan flotabilidad y que ayuda a alivianar el peso de toda la estructura o bastidor de la draga, dicho bastidor tiene la particularidad que su armazón es desmontable, para su transporte es por eso que parte de sus vigas (2) van apernadas. Sobre la estructura lleva una regla graduada usada para controlar el avance del dragado, cuando la profu ndidad solicitada es de menos seis metros. Un huinche se encuentra montado sobre vigas patines para ser movido de acuerdo al avance, por una máquina excavadora y se posiciona mediante topografía para mantener una línea de dragado, se hace firme a u n puerto de anclaje en la playa. Otro hu inche (no ilustrado) se encuentra en la embarcación mar adentro, la cual se encuentra anclada y es el encargado de devolver la pala ( 1 ) hasta el punto donde se comienza a remover el material, este hu inche no necesita mucha potencia sino más rapidez para posicionar la draga en su punto de partida. Ello porque no se está cortando el material, o se ha alivianado la cuchilla de acero (9) quitándole peso o dándole flotabilidad mediante unos estanques de aire comprimido. With reference to Figures 1 to 4, the invention for a dredge with sediment dragging system or the like, is provided with a drag shovel (1) with vertical movement by the use of a hydraulic or mechanical mechanism (6), to regulate the cut (angle of attack of drag), has been created for the sweeping or dragging and extraction of material under water or dredging. Said shovel (1) is driven (or dragged) by two huinches anchored by chains (not illustrated) at a suitable distance to the surface to be dredged; they are connected to a chain in crow's feet (8) that takes the dredge from long-girder beams (2) corresponding to the frame of the dredger, which has coupled at least four systems or means of watertight skids (4), to be dragged with an angle of attack of a lower blade (9) located on the lower perimeter edge of the dredge, as a means of not sinking into the bottom or material to be extracted. As the sediment material to be extracted may be soft, the wide surface of said skates (4) covers a large contact area so that it does not sink therein. These skids (4) being watertight can be flooded inside to make them more ballast or emptied, so that they have buoyancy and that helps to lighten the weight of the entire structure or frame of the dredger, said frame has the peculiarity that its frame It is removable, for its transport that is why part of its beams (2) are bolted. A graduated ruler is used on the structure to control the progress of dredging, when the requested depth is less than six meters. A huinche is mounted on beams skids to be moved according to the advance, by an excavating machine and is positioned by topography to maintain a dredging line, it becomes firm even anchor port on the beach. Another huhe (not illustrated) is in the boat offshore, which is anchored and is in charge of returning the shovel (1) to the point where it begins to remove the material, this huin does not need much power but faster to position the dredger at its starting point. This is because the material is not being cut, or the steel blade has been lightened (9) by removing weight or giving it buoyancy through compressed air tanks.
La pala propiamente tal (1 ) presenta una configuración longitudinal semicilíndrica con paredes laterales ( 1 a), lo cual permite que vaya volteando el material y arrastrándolo en forma circular a medida que va avanzando, en la zona perimetral inferior de la pala (1 ) , está provista con una cuchilla de acero duro (9), con uñas de recambio apernadas, para posible material duro que la cuchilla (9) no pueda remover, entonces rompe y avanza acumulando el material en la pala (). The blade itself (1) has a semi-cylindrical longitudinal configuration with side walls (1 a), which allows you to turn the material and dragging it in a circular way as it advances, in the lower perimeter of the blade (1) , is provided with a blade of hard steel (9), with spare nails bolted, for possible hard material that the blade (9) can not remove, then breaks and advances accumulating the material in the blade ().
El bastidor de la draga donde va montada la pala ( 1 ) está conformado por un cuerpo de configuración general rectangular, provisto con dos vigas longitudinales laterales (2) , de configuración transversal en forma de Ί", para la zona longitudinal y tres vigas transversales de configuración transversal en forma de " H" (3) , las cuales se posicionan una en cada extremo y una tercera viga (5) ubicada detrás de la pala ( 1 ) donde van soportes de apoyo regulables, los q ue ayudan a evitar la deformación de la pala (1 ), todo esto va fijo mediante unos pernos. Lleva un arco superior (5b) que sirve para mover la pala (1 ) en forma vertical. Inmediatamente bajo este arco superior (5b) lleva un soporte ranurado en forma vertical (6) donde se inserta un eje pivotante el cual permite regular la altura de corte de la pala ( 1 ), y una vez regulada, se fija mediante pernos pasadores. The frame of the dredge where the shovel (1) is mounted is formed by a body of general rectangular configuration, provided with two lateral longitudinal beams (2), of transverse configuration in the form of Ί ", for the longitudinal zone and three transversal beams of transversal configuration in the form of "H" (3), which are positioned one at each end and a third beam (5) located behind the blade (1) where adjustable support supports go, which help to avoid deformation of the blade (1), all this is fixed by bolts. It has an upper arch (5b) that serves to move the blade (1) vertically. Immediately under this upper arch (5b) carries a grooved support in vertical form (6) where a pivot shaft is inserted which allows to adjust the cutting height of the blade (1), and once regulated, is fixed by bolts pins.
Los patines (4), son cuatro estructuras prismáticas de soporte, ubicados al interior de los vértices donde se u nen las vigas longitudinales (2) y transversales extremas (3), dichos patines (4) impiden que la pala ( 1 ) se hunda en el sustrato al ser fraccionada , ya que al ser estancos y de un volumen determinado, tienen la capacidad de inu ndarse o mantenerse llenos de aire, lo que permite regular el peso de la maquina draga. Esto se logra mediante el ingreso de aire comprim ido a través de una válvula (no ilustrada), la que extrae el agua por inyección de aire a presión saliendo esta por una seg unda válvula (no il ustrada), luego estas válvulas se cierran una vez regulada la profundidad de corte. The runners (4), are four prismatic support structures, located inside the vertices where the longitudinal beams (2) and extreme transverse beams (3) are, said runners (4) prevent the blade (1) from sinking in the substrate to be fractioned, because to be watertight and of a certain volume, have the ability to invade or stay full of air, which allows to regulate the weight of the dredge machine. This is achieved by the introduction of compressed air through a valve (not shown), which extracts the water by injecting air under pressure, leaving it for a second valve (not used), then these valves are closed regulated the depth of cut.
En el litoral del pa ís, se está usando muy frecuentemente el dragado del fondo marino para aumentar el calado para los barcos de mayor envergadura. Las maquinas existente en el dragado de la superficie deja n u n fondo disparejo y no hay manera de ir sacando material y que el fondo vaya quedando parejo. Dejar el fondo parejo implicaría un costo adicional m uy alto. On the coast of the country, dredging of the seabed is being used very frequently to increase the draft for the larger ships. The machines existing in the dredging of the surface leaves an uneven background and there is no way to get material out and the bottom to go staying even. Leaving the fund evenly would imply a very high additional cost.
También se utilizan excavadoras arriba de barcazas, pero es una operación riesgosa por la estabilidad del pontón (embarcación) y las dimensiones de la excavación. Excavators are also used above barges, but it is a risky operation due to the stability of the pontoon (boat) and the dimensions of the excavation.
Con esta nueva máquina dragadora de la invención , es más fácil sacar el material directamente a tierra e inmediatamente ir dejando una superficie lisa en el fondo marino; ello por poder regular en forma m uy aproximada la profundidad de corte porque se puede regular la altura de la pala y hacer todo esto es un menor tiempo y costo, además de generar un bajo impacto ambiental. Esquema y partes de la dragadora: With this new dredging machine of the invention, it is easier to take the material directly to the ground and immediately leave a smooth surface on the seabed; This is because it can regulate the depth of cut very closely because the height of the blade can be regulated and doing all of this is less time and cost, besides generating a low environmental impact. Diagram and parts of the dredger:
1 : pala de arrastre.  1: drag shovel.
2: viga vertical.  2: vertical beam.
3: viga transversal.  3: cross beam.
4: patines.  4: skates.
5: vigas de refuerzo. 5: reinforcement beams.
6: arco soporte de regulación de la pala,  6: arch shovel adjustment support,
8: cadena en pata de gallo.  8: chain in houndstooth.
9: cuchilla.  9: blade.

Claims

REIVI NDICACI ONES REIVI NDICACIES
1 .- Draga de arrastre, para la extracción y lim pieza de sedimentos en bah ías, accesos a puertos, canales navegables, dársenas, cursos de ag ua, lagos o embalses, provista de medios de excavación, arrastre, remoción del fondo y medios de regulación y de soporte, cuya fuerza motriz, se ejerce desde tierra y no desde una embarcación en la superficie del agua, lo que facilita más fácil ta extracción de los sedimentos directamente a tierra e inmediatamente ir dejando una superficie lisa en el fondo marino; ello por la regulación del medio escavador y en forma muy aproximada la profundidad de corte y todo esto en un menor tiem po y costo, además de generar un bajo i mpacto ambiental, CARACTERIZADA porque está conformada de un bastidor, dotada con una pala de arrastre (1 ) con movimiento vertical mediante el uso de un mecanismo hidráulico o mecánico (6), para regular el corte (ángulo de ataque de arrastre), asim ismo posee vigas transversales (3) longitudinales (2), las cuales presentan unas cadenas en pata de gallo (8) para el arrastre de la draga, además, dicho bastidor tiene acoplado al menos cuatro sistemas o medios de patines estancos (4) , para ser arrastrado con un ángulo de ataque de una cuchilla inferior (9) ubicada en el canto perimetral inferior de la pala (1 ), dichos patines estancos (4) son los medios para no hundirse en el fondo o en el material a extraer; como el material de sedimento a extraer puede ser blando, la superficie am plia de dichos patines (4) abarca una gran área de contacto a fin de que no se hunda en ella. 1 .- Trawl dredger, for the extraction and cleaning of sediments in bays, access to ports, navigable canals, docks, water courses, lakes or reservoirs, provided with means of excavation, dragging, removal of the bottom and means regulation and support, whose driving force is exerted from land and not from a boat on the surface of the water, which facilitates easier extraction of the sediments directly to the ground and immediately leaving a smooth surface on the seabed; This is due to the regulation of the excavator and very roughly the depth of cut and all this in a shorter time and cost, besides generating a low environmental impact, CHARACTERIZED because it is made up of a frame, equipped with a drag shovel. (1) with vertical movement through the use of a hydraulic or mechanical mechanism (6), to regulate the cut (angle of attack of drag), as well has transverse beams (3) longitudinal (2), which have chains in houndstooth (8) for the dragging of the dredger, in addition, said frame has coupled at least four systems or means of watertight pads (4), to be dragged with an angle of attack of a lower blade (9) located in the bottom perimetral edge of the blade (1), said watertight pads (4) are the means for not sinking into the bottom or material to be extracted; as the sediment material to be extracted can be soft, the wide surface of said skids (4) covers a large contact area so that it does not sink therein.
2. - Draga de arrastre, para la extracción y lim pieza de sedimentos, según la reivindicación 1 , CARACTERIZADO porque los patines (4) al ser estancos se puede inundar en su interior para hacerlos más lastre o vaciados, para que tengan flotabilidad y que ayuda a alivianar el peso de toda la estructura o bastidor de la draga, el bastidor tiene la particularidad que su armazón es desmontable, para su transporte es por eso que parte de sus vigas (2) van apernadas. 2. - Dragging dredger, for the extraction and cleaning of sediments, according to claim 1, CHARACTERIZED because the skids (4) being watertight can be flooded inside to make them more ballast or emptied, so that they have buoyancy and that helps to lighten the weight of the entire structure or frame of the dredger, the frame has the particularity that its frame is removable, for transport that is why part of its beams (2) are bolted.
3. - Draga de arrastre, para la extracción y limpieza de sedimentos, según la reivindicación 1 , CARACTERIZADO porque sobre el bastidor lleva una regla graduada usada para controlar el avance del dragado, cuando la profundidad solicitada es de menos seis metros. 3. - Dragging dredger, for the extraction and cleaning of sediments, according to claim 1, CHARACTERIZED because on the frame carries a graduated rule used to control the progress of dredging, when the requested depth is less than six meters.
4. - Draga de arrastre, para la extracción y limpieza de sedimentos, según la reivindicación 1 , CARACTERIZADO porque la pala ( 1 ) presenta una configuración longitudinal semicilíndrica con paredes ( 1 a), lo cual permite que vaya volteando el material y arrastrándolo en forma circular a medida que va avanzando, en la zona perimetral inferior de la pala (1 ) , cuya cuchilla de acero duro (9), presenta una especie de uñas de recambio apernadas, para posible material duro que la cuchilla (9) no pueda remover, entonces rompe y avanza acumulando el material en la pala ( 1 ).  4. - Dragging dredger, for the extraction and cleaning of sediments, according to claim 1, CHARACTERIZED because the blade (1) has a longitudinal semicylindrical configuration with walls (1 a), which allows it to go rolling the material and dragging it in circular shape as it progresses, in the lower perimeter zone of the blade (1), whose blade of hard steel (9), presents a kind of bolt replacement nails, for possible hard material that the blade (9) can not remove, then break and advance accumulating the material in the blade (1).
5.- Draga de arrastre, para la extracción y lim pieza de sedimentos, según la reivindicación 1 , CARACTERIZADO porque el bastidor de la draga donde va montada la pala (1 ) está conformado por un cuerpo de configuración general rectangular, provisto con dos vigas longitudinales laterales (2), de configuración transversal en forma de Ί" , para la zona longitudinal y tres vigas transversales de configuración transversal en forma de " H" (3), las cuales se posicionan una en cada extremo y una tercera viga (5) ubicada detrás de la pala ( 1 ) donde van soportes de apoyo reg ulables, los que ayudan a evitar la deformación de la pala (1 ), todo esto va fijo mediante unos pernos, además, lleva un arco superior (5b) que sirve para mover la pala (1 ) en forma vertical y in mediatamente bajo este arco superior (5b) lleva un soporte ranurado en forma vertical (6) donde se inserta un eje pivotante el cual permite regular la altura de corte de la pala (1 ), y una vez regulada, se fija mediante pernos pasadores. 5. Dragging dredger, for the extraction and cleaning of sediments, according to claim 1, characterized in that the frame of the dredge where the blade (1) is mounted is formed by a body of general rectangular configuration, provided with two beams lateral lengths (2), of transverse configuration in the form of Ί ", for the longitudinal zone and three transverse beams of transversal configuration in the form of" H "(3), which are positioned one at each end and a third beam (5) located behind the blade ( 1) where there are adjustable support supports, which help to avoid the deformation of the blade (1), all this is fixed by means of bolts, in addition, it has an upper arch (5b) that serves to move the blade (1) vertically and immediately under this upper arch (5b) carries a grooved support in vertical form (6) where a pivot shaft is inserted which allows to adjust the cutting height of the blade (1), and once regulated, fixed by bolts pins.
6.- Draga de arrastre, para la extracción y limpieza de sedimentos, según la reivindicación 1 , CARACTERIZADO porque los patines (4) , son cuatro estructuras prismáticas de soporte, ubicados al interior de los vértices donde se unen las vigas longitudinales (2) y transversales extremas (3), dichos patines (4) impiden que la pala ( 1 ) se hunda en el sustrato al ser traccionada, ya que al ser estancos y de un volumen determinado, tienen la capacidad de inundarse o mantenerse llenos de aire, lo que permite regular el peso de la maquina draga; esto se logra mediante el ingreso de aire comprimido a través de u na válvula (no ilustrada), la que extrae el agua por inyección de aire a presión saliendo esta por una segunda válvula (no ilustrada), luego estas válvulas se cierran una vez regulada la profundidad de corte. 6.- Dragging dredger, for the extraction and cleaning of sediments, according to claim 1, CHARACTERIZED because the runners (4), are four prismatic support structures, located inside the vertices where the longitudinal beams are joined (2) and transverse extremes (3), said runners (4) prevent the blade (1) from sinking into the substrate when being pulled, since being watertight and of a certain volume, they have the capacity to be flooded or kept full of air, what allows to regulate the weight of the dredge machine; this is achieved by the entry of compressed air through a valve (not shown), which extracts the water by injection of air under pressure, leaving it through a second valve (not shown), then these valves close once regulated the depth of cut.
PCT/CL2013/000073 2013-10-09 2013-10-09 Dredger actuated from land WO2015051477A1 (en)

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