WO2015049325A1 - Inhibiteurs thérapeutiques de cdk8 et utilisations de ceux-ci - Google Patents

Inhibiteurs thérapeutiques de cdk8 et utilisations de ceux-ci Download PDF

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WO2015049325A1
WO2015049325A1 PCT/EP2014/071111 EP2014071111W WO2015049325A1 WO 2015049325 A1 WO2015049325 A1 WO 2015049325A1 EP 2014071111 W EP2014071111 W EP 2014071111W WO 2015049325 A1 WO2015049325 A1 WO 2015049325A1
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pyrrolidin
urea
phenyl
compound
methylamino
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PCT/EP2014/071111
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English (en)
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Philippe Bergeron
Michael Koehler
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F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ag
Genentech, Inc.
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Publication of WO2015049325A1 publication Critical patent/WO2015049325A1/fr

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D487/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D477/00
    • C07D487/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D477/00 in which the condensed system contains two hetero rings
    • C07D487/04—Ortho-condensed systems
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P35/00—Antineoplastic agents
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D403/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D401/00
    • C07D403/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D401/00 containing two hetero rings
    • C07D403/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D401/00 containing two hetero rings directly linked by a ring-member-to-ring-member bond

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to compounds useful as inhibitors of CDK8.
  • CDK8 is a component of the mediator complex.
  • the mediator complex plays a central role in transcription by coupling sequence- specific transcription factors with the transcriptional machinery.
  • CDK8 forms the CDK8 module of the complex along with Cyclin C, MED12, and MED13. It phosphorylates the C-terminal domain of RNA polymerase II, serine 10 of Histone H3, and serine 206 of Smadl in addition to a number of other substrates. It modulates transcriptional pathways including beta-catenin, Notch, p53, serum response factor, and SMAD. It also acts indirectly on the beta-catenin pathway by phosphorylating E2F1 and thereby reversing its repression of beta-catenin activity. 4 ' 5
  • CDK8 is an oncogene. 6 ' 7 It is amplified and overexpressed in colon cancers.
  • CDK8 and its partner Cyclin C are dysregulated in human cancers.
  • 9 Retrospective analyses of human colon tumor samples show that expression of CDK8 correlates with beta- catenin activation and poor prognosis.
  • 8 Additional cell line, murine xenograft, and human tumor tissue studies have also linked CDK8 to melanoma. 13
  • the therapeutic hypothesis underlying this work is that small molecule inhibitors of CDK8 will inhibit the growth of the subset of tumors that exhibit CDK8 amplification and/or overexpression. Potential indications include colon cancer and melanoma.
  • One aspect includes a compound of formula (I):
  • R 1 is independently optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 R x groups
  • R 2" and R 3 J are independently H, Q-nalkyl, C 2 _ 12 alkenyl, C 2 _ 12 alkynyl, carbocyclyl, aryl, heteroaryl, heterocyclyl, halo, -OR a , -SR a , -N(R a ) 2 , -CN, -N0 2 , -C(0)R a , -C0 2 R a , -C(0)N(R a ) 2 , -C(0)SR a , -C(0)C(0)R a , -C(0)CH 2 C(0)R a , -C(S)N(R a ) 2 , -C(S)OR a , -S(0)R a , -S0 2 R a , -S0 2 N(R a ) 2 , -N(R a )C(0)R a , -N(R a )C(0)N
  • C 2 _ 12 alkynyl, carbocyclyl, aryl, heteroaryl, and heterocyclyl of R 2 and R 3 are each independently optionally substituted with one or more groups R x ; or R 1 and R 2 taken together with the atoms to which they are attached form a 4, 5, 6, 7, or 8 membered carbocyclyl, heterocyclyl, heteroaryl or aryl, which carbocyclyl, heterocyclyl, heteroaryl and aryl is optionally substituted with one or more groups R x ;
  • each R a and R b are independently H, Ci ⁇ alkyl, C 2 _ 6 alkenyl, C 2 _ 6 alkynyl, carbocyclyl, aryl, heteroaryl, or heterocyclyl, wherein each Ci ⁇ alkyl, C 3 _ 6 alkenyl, C 3 _ 6 alkynyl, carbocyclyl, aryl, heteroaryl, and heterocyclyl is independently optionally substituted with one or more groups R x ; or R a and R b are taken together with the nitrogen to which they are attached to form a 3-6 membered heterocyle optionally substituted by oxo, halo, or C ⁇ alkyl optionally subsituted by oxo or halo; each R v is independently hydrogen, C ⁇ alkyl, C 2 _ 6 alkenyl, C 2 _ 6 alkynyl, carbocyclyl, aryl, heteroaryl, or heterocyclyl, wherein each Ci ⁇ al
  • each R x is independently oxo, Ci ⁇ alkyl, C 2 _ 6 alkenyl, C 2 _ 6 alkynyl, Ci ⁇ haloalkyl,
  • R x is other than methyl, ethyl, trifluoromethyl or 2-fluorophenyl.
  • Another aspect includes a pharmaceutical composition, comprising a compound of formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and a pharmaceutically acceptable adjuvant, carrier, or vehicle.
  • Another aspect includes a method of treating a disease associated with CDK8 activity, comprising administering a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of formula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, to a patient in need thereof.
  • Another aspect includes the use of a compound of formula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, in therapy. Another aspect includes the use of a compound of formula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, in the treatment of a hyperproliferative disorder, in one example, cancer. Another aspect includes the use of a compound of formula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, in the manufacture of a medicament for the treatment of a disease associated with CDK8 activity.
  • Another aspect includes compounds for the study of kinases, such as CDK8, the study of intracellular signal transduction pathways mediated by such CDK8, and the comparative evaluation of modulators of CDK8.
  • Another aspect includes a process for preparing a compound of formula I or a salt thereof.
  • diastereomeric and geometric (or conformational)) isomeric forms of a given structure For example, the R and S configurations for each asymmetric center, Z and E double bond isomers, Z and E conformational isomers, , single stereochemical isomers, as well as enantiomeric, diastereomeric, and geometric (or conformational) mixtures are included. Unless otherwise stated, all tautomeric forms of structures depicted herein are included. Additionally, unless otherwise stated, structures depicted herein are also meant to include compounds that differ only in the presence of one or more isotopically enriched atoms. For example, compounds of formula I, wherein the independent replacement or endrichment of one or more: hydrogen by deuterium or tritium, carbon by 13 C- or 14 C carbon, nitrogen by a
  • Optically-enriched means that the mixture of enantiomers is made up of a significantly greater proportion of one enantiomer, and may be described by enantiomeric excess (ee %). In certain embodiments, the mixture of enantiomers is made up of at least about 90% by weight of a given enantiomer (about 90% ee).
  • the mixture of enantiomers is made up of at least about 95%, 98% or 99% by weight of a given enantiomer (about 95%, 98% or 99% ee).
  • Enantiomers and diastereomers may be isolated from racemic mixtures by any method known to those skilled in the art, including recrystallization from solvents in which one stereoisomer is more soluble than the other, chiral high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC), supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC), the formation and crystallization of chiral salts, which are then separated by any of the above methods, or prepared by asymmetric syntheses and optionally further enriched.
  • HPLC high pressure liquid chromatography
  • SFC supercritical fluid chromatography
  • heteroatom means any atom independently selected from an atom other than carbon or hydrogen, for example, one or more of oxygen, sulfur, nitrogen, phosphorus or silicon (including any oxidized form of nitrogen, sulfur, phosphorus or silicon; and the quaternized form of any nitrogen).
  • halo and "halogen” as used herein refer to an atom selected from fluorine (fluoro, -F), chlorine (chloro, -CI), bromine (bromo, -Br) and iodine (iodo, -I). Particular examples of halo are fluoro and chloro.
  • unsaturated means that a moiety has one or more units of unsaturation.
  • carbocyclyl used alone or as part of a larger moiety, refers to a saturated, partially unsaturated, or aromatic ring system having 3 to 20 carbon atoms.
  • carbocyclyl includes 3 to 12 carbon atoms (C 3 -C 12 ).
  • carbocyclyl includes C 3 -C 8 , rCio or Cs-Cio-
  • carbocyclyl, as a monocycle includes C 3 -C 8 , C 3 -C 6 or C5-C 6 .
  • carbocyclyl, as a bicycle includes C 7 -C 12 .
  • carbocyclyl as a spiro system, includes C 5 -C 12 .
  • monocyclic carbocyclyls include cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, 1-cyclopent-l-enyl, l-cyclopent-2-enyl, l-cyclopent-3-enyl, cyclohexyl,
  • bicyclic carbocyclyls having 7 to 12 ring atoms include [4,3], [4,4], [4,5], [5,5], [5,6] or [6,6] ring systems, for example bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane, bicyclo[2.2.2]octane, naphthalene, and bicyclo[3.2.2]nonane; and spiro carbocyclyls include spiro[2.2]pentane, spiro[2.3]hexane, spiro[2.4]heptane, spiro[2.5]octane and spiro[4.5]decane, each of which are independently optionally substituted with one or more groups described herein.
  • the term carbocyclyls having 7 to 12 ring atoms include [4,3], [4,4], [4,5], [5,5], [5,6] or [6,6] ring systems, for example bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane, bicyclo[2.2.2]o
  • alkyl refers to a saturated linear or branched-chain monovalent hydrocarbon radical.
  • the alkyl radical is one to eighteen carbon atoms (C C ⁇ ).
  • the alkyl radical is Co-C 6 , C 0 -C 5 , C 0 -C3, Q- C 12 , Q-Cio , Q-Cg, C -C , Q-C 5 , Q-C4 or Ci-C ⁇ .
  • Co alkyl refers to a bond.
  • alkyl groups include methyl (Me, -CH 3 ), ethyl (Et, -CH 2 CH 3 ), 1 -propyl (n-Pr, n-propyl, - CH 2 CH 2 CH 3 ), 2-propyl (i-Pr, i-propyl, -CH(CH 3 ) 2 ), 1 -butyl (n-Bu, n-butyl, - CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 3 ), 2-methyl- l -propyl (i-Bu, i-butyl, -CH 2 CH(CH 3 ) 2 ), 2-butyl (s-Bu, s-butyl, - CH(CH 3 )CH 2 CH 3 ), 2-methyl-2-propyl (t-Bu, t-butyl, -C(CH 3 ) 3 ), 1-pentyl (n-pentyl, - CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 3 ), 2-pentyl (-CH(CH(CH)
  • alkenyl denotes a linear or branched-chain monovalent hydrocarbon radical with at least one carbon-carbon double bond.
  • An alkenyl includes radicals having "cis” and “trans” orientations, or alternatively, "E” and “Z” orientations.
  • the alkenyl radical is two to eighteen carbon atoms (C 2 -Ci 8 ).
  • the alkenyl radical is C 2 -C 12 , C 2 -Cio , C 2 -C 8 , C 2 -C 6 or C 2 -C3.
  • alkynyl refers to a linear or branched monovalent hydrocarbon radical with at least one carbon-carbon, triple bond.
  • the alkynyl radical is two to eighteen carbon atoms (C 2 -Ci 8 ).
  • the alkynyl radical is C 2 - C 12 , C 2 -Cio , C 2 -C 8 , C 2 -C 6 or C 2 -C 3 .
  • Examples include, but are not limited to, ethynyl (-C ⁇ CH), prop-l-ynyl (-C ⁇ CCH 3 ), prop-2-ynyl (propargyl, -CH 2 C ⁇ CH), but-l-ynyl, but-2- ynyl and but-3-ynyl.
  • alkoxy refers to a linear or branched monovalent radical represented by the formula -OR in which R is alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl or carbocycyl.
  • Alkoxy groups include methoxy, ethoxy, propoxy, isopropoxy, mono-, di- and tri-fluoromethoxy and cyclopropoxy. Particular example of alkoxy is methoxy.
  • haloalkyl refers to an alkyl as defined herein that is substituted with one or more (e.g. 1, 2, 3, or 4) halo groups. Particular examples of haloalkyl are trifluoromethyl and difiuoromethyl.
  • aryl used alone or as part of a larger moiety as in “arylalkyl”,
  • arylalkoxy refers to a monocyclic, bicyclic or tricyclic, carbon ring system, that includes fused rings, wherein at least one ring in the system is aromatic.
  • aryl may be used interchangeably with the term “aryl ring”. In one embodiment, aryl includes groups having 6-18 carbon atoms. In another embodiment, aryl includes groups having 6-10 carbon atoms.
  • aryl groups include phenyl, naphthyl, anthracyl, biphenyl, phenanthrenyl, naphthacenyl, 1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalenyl, lH-indenyl, 2,3- dihydro-lH-indenyl, and the like, which may be substituted or independently substituted byone or more substituents described herein.
  • a particular aryl is phenyl.
  • aryl in another embodiment includes an aryl ring fused to one or more carbocyclic rings, such as indanyl, phthalimidyl, naphthimidyl, phenantriidinyl, or tetrahydronaphthyl, and the like, where the radical or point of attachment is on an aromatic ring.
  • carbocyclic rings such as indanyl, phthalimidyl, naphthimidyl, phenantriidinyl, or tetrahydronaphthyl, and the like, where the radical or point of attachment is on an aromatic ring.
  • heteroaryl used alone or as part of a larger moiety, e.g., “heteroarylalkyl”, or “heteroarylalkoxy”, refers to a monocyclic, bicyclic or tricyclic ring system having 5 to 14 ring atoms, wherein at least one ring is aromatic and contains at least one heteroatom.
  • heteroaryl includes 4-6 membered monocyclic aromatic groups where one or more ring atoms is nitrogen, sulfur or oxygen that is independently optionally substituted.
  • heteroaryl includes 5-6 membered monocyclic aromatic groups where one or more ring atoms is nitrogen, sulfur or oxygen that is independently optionally substituted.
  • Example heteroaryl groups include thienyl, furyl, imidazolyl, pyrazolyl, thiazolyl, isothiazolyl, oxazolyl, isoxazolyl, triazolyl, thiadiazolyl, oxadiazolyl, tetrazolyl, thiatriazolyl, oxatriazolyl, pyridyl, pyrimidyl, pyrazinyl, pyridazinyl, triazinyl, tetrazinyl, tetrazolo[l,5-b]pyridazinyl, imidazol[l,2-a]pyrimidinyl, purinyl, benzoxazolyl, benzofuryl, benzothiazolyl, benzothiadiazolyl, benzotriazolyl, benzoimidazolyl, indolyl, l,3-thiazol-2-yl, l,3,4-tri
  • heteroaryl also includes groups in which a heteroaryl is fused to one or more aryl, carbocyclyl, or heterocyclyl rings, where the radical or point of attachment is on the heteroaryl ring.
  • Nonlimiting examples include indolyl, isoindolyl, benzothienyl,
  • a heteroaryl group may be mono-, bi- or tri-cyclic.
  • heterocyclyl refers to a “carbocyclyl” as defined herein, wherein one or more (e.g. 1, 2, 3, or 4) carbon atoms have been replaced with a heteroatom (e.g. O, N, or S).
  • a heterocyclyl can optionally be substituted with one or more substituents independently selected from those defined herein.
  • heterocyclyl includes 3-12 ring atoms and includes monocycles, bicycles, tricycles and spiro ring systems, wherein the ring atoms are carbon, and one to five ring atoms is a heteroatom selected from nitrogen, sulfur or oxygen, which is independently optionally substituted by one or more groups.
  • heterocyclyl includes 1 to 4 heteroatoms.
  • heterocyclyl includes 3- to 7-membered monocycles having one or more heteroatoms selected from nitrogen, sulfur or oxygen.
  • heterocyclyl includes 4- to 6-membered monocycles having one or more heteroatoms selected from nitrogen, sulfur or oxygen.
  • heterocyclyl includes 3-membered monocycles.
  • heterocyclyl includes 4-membered monocycles. In another example, heterocyclyl includes 5-6-membered monocycles. In one example, the heterocyclyl group includes 0 to 3 double bonds. Any nitrogen or sulfur heteroatom may optionally be oxidized (e.g. NO, SO, S0 2 ), and any nitrogen heteroatom may optionally be quaternized (e.g. [NR 4 ] + Cr, [NR 4 ] + OH ⁇ ).
  • Example heterocyclyls include oxiranyl, aziridinyl, thiiranyl, azetidinyl, oxetanyl, thietanyl, 1,2-dithietanyl, 1,3-dithietanyl, pyrrolidinyl, dihydro-lH-pyrrolyl, dihydrofuranyl, tetrahydrofuranyl, dihydrothienyl, tetrahydrothienyl, imidazolidinyl, piperidinyl, piperazinyl, morpholinyl, thiomorpholinyl, 1, 1-dioxo-thiomorpholinyl, dihydropyranyl, tetrahydropyranyl, hexahydrothiopyranyl, hexahydropyrimidinyl, oxazinanyl, thiazinanyl, thioxanyl, homopiperazinyl,
  • heterocyclyls containing a sulfur or oxygen atom and one to three nitrogen atoms are thiazolyl, including thiazol-2-yl and thiazol-2-yl N-oxide, thiadiazolyl, including 1,3,4- thiadiazol-5-yl and l,2,4-thiadiazol-5-yl, oxazolyl, for example oxazol-2-yl, and oxadiazolyl, such as l,3,4-oxadiazol-5-yl, and l,2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl.
  • Example 5-membered ring heterocyclyls containing 2 to 4 nitrogen atoms include imidazolyl, such as imidazol-2-yl; triazolyl, such as l,3,4-triazol-5-yl; l,2,3-triazol-5-yl, l,2,4-triazol-5-yl, and tetrazolyl, such as lH-tetrazol-5-yl.
  • Example benzo-fused 5-membered heterocyclyls are benzoxazol-2-yl, benzthiazol-2-yl and benzimidazol-2-yl.
  • Example 6-membered heterocyclyls contain one to three nitrogen atoms and optionally a sulfur or oxygen atom, for example pyridyl, such as pyrid-2-yl, pyrid-3-yl, and pyrid-4-yl; pyrimidyl, such as pyrimid-2-yl and pyrimid-4-yl; triazinyl, such as l,3,4-triazin-2-yl and l,3,5-triazin-4-yl; pyridazinyl, in particular pyridazin- 3-yl, and pyrazinyl.
  • pyridyl such as pyrid-2-yl, pyrid-3-yl, and pyrid-4-yl
  • pyrimidyl such as pyrimid-2-yl and pyrimid-4-yl
  • triazinyl such as l,3,4-triazin-2-yl and l,3,5-
  • the pyridine N-oxides and pyridazine N-oxides and the pyridyl, pyrimid-2-yl, pyrimid-4-yl, pyridazinyl and the l,3,4-triazin-2-yl groups are other example heterocyclyl groups.
  • Particular examples for heterocyclyl are azetidinyl, pyrrolidinyl, piperazinyl and morpholinyl, more particularly azetidin-l-yl, pyrrolidin-l-yl, piperazin-l-yl and morpholin-4-yl.
  • the term "partially unsaturated" refers to a ring moiety that includes at least one double or triple bond between ring atoms but the ring moiety is not aromatic.
  • an inhibitor refers to a compound that binds to and inhibits a CDK8 enzyme with measurable biochemical affinity and activity.
  • an inhibitor has a biochemical IC 50 and/or binding constant of less about 50 ⁇ , less than about 1 ⁇ , less than about 500 nM, less than about 100 nM, or less than about 10 nM.
  • “Pharmaceutically acceptable salts” include both acid and base addition salts.
  • “Pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salt” refers to those salts which retain the biological effectiveness and properties of the free bases and which are not biologically or otherwise undesirable, formed with inorganic acids such as hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid, sulfuric acid, nitric acid, carbonic acid, phosphoric acid and the like, and organic acids may be selected from aliphatic, cycloaliphatic, aromatic, araliphatic, heterocyclic, carboxylic, and sulfonic classes of organic acids such as formic acid, acetic acid, propionic acid, glycolic acid, gluconic acid, lactic acid, pyruvic acid, oxalic acid, malic acid, maleic acid, maloneic acid, succinic acid, fumaric acid, tartaric acid, citric acid, aspartic acid, ascorbic acid, glutamic acid, anthranilic acid, benzoic acid, cinnamic acid, mandelic acid, embonic acid, phenylacetic acid, methanes
  • “Pharmaceutically acceptable base addition salts” include those derived from inorganic bases such as sodium, potassium, lithium, ammonium, calcium, magnesium, iron, zinc, copper, manganese, aluminum salts and the like. Particularly base addition salts are the ammonium, potassium, sodium, calcium and magnesium salts. Salts derived from
  • organic nontoxic bases includes salts of primary, secondary, and tertiary amines, substituted amines including naturally occurring substituted amines, cyclic amines and basic ion exchange resins, such as isopropylamine, trimethylamine, diethylamine, triethylamine, tripropylamine, ethanolamine, 2-diethylaminoethanol, tromethamine, dicyclohexylamine, lysine, arginine, histidine, caffeine, procaine, hydrabamine, choline, betaine, ethylenediamine, glucosamine, methylglucamine, theobromine, purines, piperizine, piperidine, N-ethylpiperidine, polyamine resins and the like.
  • Particularly organic non-toxic bases are isopropylamine, diethylamine, ethanolamine, tromethamine, dicyclohexylamine, choline, and caffeine.
  • tautomer or “tautomeric form” refers to structural isomers of different energies which are interconvertible via a low energy barrier.
  • proton tautomers also known as prototropic tautomers
  • Valence tautomers include
  • a “solvate” refers to an association or complex of one or more solvent molecules and a compound of the present invention.
  • solvents include water, isopropanol, ethanol, methanol, DMSO, ethyl acetate, acetic acid and ethanolamine.
  • hydrate refers to the complex where the solvent molecule is water.
  • “Therapeutically effective amount” refers to an amount of a compound of the present invention that (i) treats the particular disease, condition or disorder, (ii) attenuates, ameliorates or eliminates one or more symptoms of the particular disease, condition, or disorder, or (iii) prevents or delays the onset of one or more symptoms of the particular disease, condition or disorder described herein.
  • the therapeutically effective amount of the drug may reduce the number of cancer cells; reduce the tumor size; inhibit (i.e., slow to some extent and preferably stop) cancer cell infiltration into peripheral organs; inhibit (i.e., slow to some extent and preferably stop) tumor metastasis; inhibit, to some extent, tumor growth; and/or relieve to some extent one or more of the symptoms associated with the cancer.
  • efficacy can, for example, be measured by assessing the time to disease progression (TTP) and/or determining the response rate (RR).
  • the therapeutic effective amount is an amount sufficient to decrease or alleviate an allergic disorder, the symptoms of an autoimmune and/or inflammatory disease, or the symptoms of an acute inflammatory reaction (e.g. asthma).
  • a therapeutically effective amount is an amount of a chemical entity described herein sufficient to significantly decrease the activity or number of drug tolerant or drug tolerant persisting cancer cells.
  • Treatment refers to clinical
  • intervention in an attempt to alter the natural course of the individual or cell being treated can be performed either for prophylaxis or during the course of clinical pathology.
  • Desirable effects of treatment include one or more of preventing occurrence or recurrence of disease, alleviation of symptoms, diminishment of any direct or indirect pathological consequences of the disease, stabilized (i.e., not worsening) state of disease, preventing metastasis, decreasing the rate of disease progression, amelioration or palliation of the disease state, prolonging survival as compared to expected survival if not receiving treatment and remission or improved prognosis.
  • a compound of formula I is used to delay development of a disease or disorder or to slow the progression of a disease or disorder.
  • Those individuals in need of treatment include those already with the condition or disorder as well as those prone to have the condition or disorder, (for example, through a genetic mutation or abberent expression of a gene or protein) or those in which the condition or disorder is to be prevented.
  • One embodiment includes a compound of formula (I):
  • R 1 is independently optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 R x groups
  • R 2" and R 3 J are independently H, Q- ⁇ alkyl, C 2 -i 2 alkenyl, C 2 -i 2 alkynyl, carbocyclyl, aryl, heteroaryl, heterocyclyl, halo, -OR a , -SR a , -N(R a ) 2 , -CN, -N0 2 , -C(0)R a , -C0 2 R a , -C(0)N(R a ) 2 , -C(0)SR a , -C(0)C(0)R a , -C(0)CH 2 C(0)R a , -C(S)N(R a ) 2 , -C(S)OR a , -S(0)R a , -S0 2 R a , -S0 2 N(R a ) 2 , -N(R a )C(0)R a , -N(R a )C
  • C 2 12 alkynyl, carbocyclyl, aryl, heteroaryl, and heterocyclyl of R 2 and R 3 are each independently optionally substituted with one or more groups R x ; or R 1 and R 2 taken together with the atoms to which they are attached form a 4, 5, 6, 7, or 8 membered carbocyclyl, heterocyclyl, heteroaryl or aryl, which carbocyclyl, heterocyclyl, heteroaryl and aryl is optionally substituted with one or more groups R x ;
  • each R a and R b are independently H, C ⁇ a cyl, C 2 - 6 alkenyl, C 2 - 6 alkynyl, carbocyclyl, aryl, heteroaryl, or heterocyclyl, wherein each C ⁇ ancyl, C 3 _ 6 alkenyl, C 3 _ 6 alkynyl, carbocyclyl, aryl, heteroaryl, and heterocyclyl is independently optionally substituted with one or more groups R x ; or R a and R b are taken together with the nitrogen to which they are attached to form a 3-6 membered heterocyle optionally substituted by oxo, halo, or C ⁇ alkyl optionally subsituted by oxo or halo;
  • each R v is independently hydrogen, C ⁇ alkyl, C 2 _ 6 alkenyl, C 2 _ 6 alkynyl, carbocyclyl, aryl, heteroaryl, or heterocyclyl, wherein each C ⁇ ancyl, C 2 _ 6 alkenyl, C 2 _ 6 alkynyl, carbocyclyl, aryl, heteroaryl, and heterocyclyl is optionally substituted with one or more groups independently selected from oxo, halo, amino, hydroxyl, and C C 6 alkyl that is optionally substituted with one or more groups independently selected from oxo and halo; or two R v are taken together with the nitrogen to which they are attached to form a 3-6 membered heterocyclyl that is optionally substituted with one or more groups independently selected from oxo, halo and Ci ⁇ alkyl that is optionally substituted with one or more groups independently selected from oxo and halo; and
  • each R x is independently oxo, C ⁇ a cyl, C 2 _ 6 alkenyl, C 2 _ 6 alkynyl, Ci-ehaloalkyl,
  • R x is other than methyl, ethyl, trifluoromethyl or 2-fluorophenyl.
  • a particular embodiment relates to the compound of formula (I) or a salt thereof, wherein R 1 is selected from:
  • R 2 and R 3 are independently H, Ci_ 12 alkyl, halo, or -OR a , wherein each Ci_ 12 alkyl of R 2 and R 3 are each independently optionally substituted with one or more groups R x ; each R a and R b are independently H, C ⁇ alkyl, wherein each Ci ⁇ alkyl is independently optionally substituted with one or more groups R x ;
  • each R v is independently C ⁇ a cyl
  • each R x is independently heterocyclyl, -F, or -N(R V ) 2 , wherein any heterocyclyl is
  • R x is other than methyl, ethyl, trifluoromethyl or 2-fluorophenyl.
  • R 2 and R 3 are independently halo, trifluoromethyl, C ⁇ aUcyl or C ⁇ alkoxy, wherein said alkyl and alkoxy are independently optionally substituted by - N(R V ) 2 or heterocyclyl; wherein said heterocyclyl is optionally substituted by oxo, halo or Q_ 6 alkyl optionally substituted by halo or oxo.
  • R is hydrogen, chloro, methyl, (4-methylpiperazin-l- yl)methyl, trifluoromethoxyl, difluoromethoxyl, 4-azetidin-l-ylmethyl, morpholin-4- ylmethyl, dimethylaminomethyl, pyrrolidin-l-ylmethyl or 4-ethylpiperizin-l-ylmethyl.
  • R is hydrogen, trifluoromethyl, fluoro or chloro.
  • each R a and R b are independently hydrogen or C h alk !.
  • R a is hydrogen
  • R b is methyl
  • R v is hydrogen or C ⁇ alkyl.
  • R v is methyl
  • R is hydrogen, chloro, methyl, (4-methylpiperazin-l-yl)methyl, trifluoromethoxyl, difluoromethoxyl, 4-azetidin-l-ylmethyl, morpholin-4-ylmethyl, dimethylaminomethyl, pyrrolidin-l-ylmethyl or 4-ethylpiperizin-l-ylmethyl;
  • R is hydrogen, trifluoromethyl or chloro;
  • R a and R b are independently hydrogen or methyl.
  • R 1 , R2 , and R 3 are as defined for any of the embodiments for a comopund of formula I.
  • Another embodiment includes a compound selected from the group consisting of: l-[(3S)-l-([l,2,4]triazolo[4,3-b]pyridazin-6-yl)pyrrolidin-3-yl]-3-[3- (trifluoromethyl)phenyl]urea;
  • compositions are provided.
  • Another aspect includes a pharmaceutical composition
  • a pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound of formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
  • the compound of formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
  • composition further comprises a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, adjuvant, or vehicle.
  • composition further comprises an amount of the compound effective to measurably inhibit CDK8.
  • the composition is formulated for administration to a patient in need thereof.
  • patient refers to an animal, such as a mammal, such as a human. In one embodiment, patient or individual refers to a human.
  • compositions of this invention refers to a nontoxic carrier, adjuvant, or vehicle that does not destroy the pharmacological activity of the compound with which it is formulated.
  • Pharmaceutically acceptable carriers, adjuvants or vehicles that may be used in the compositions of this invention include, but are not limited to, ion exchangers, alumina, aluminum stearate, lecithin, serum proteins, such as human serum albumin, buffer substances such as phosphates, glycine, sorbic acid, potassium sorbate, partial glyceride mixtures of saturated vegetable fatty acids, water, salts or electrolytes, such as protamine sulfate, disodium hydrogen phosphate, potassium hydrogen phosphate, sodium chloride, zinc salts, colloidal silica, magnesium trisilicate, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, cellulose- based substances, polyethylene glycol, sodium carboxymethylcellulose, polyacrylates, waxes, polyethylene-polyoxypropylene-block
  • compositions comprising a compound of formula I or salt thereof may be administered orally, parenterally, by inhalation spray, topically, transdermally, rectally, nasally, buccally, sublingually, vaginally, intraperitoneal, intrapulmonary, intradermal, epidural or via an implanted reservoir.
  • parenteral as used herein includes subcutaneous, intravenous, intramuscular, intra-articular, intra- synovial, intrasternal, intrathecal, intrahepatic, intralesional and intracranial injection or infusion techniques.
  • the composition comprising a compound of formula I or salt thereof is formulated as a solid dosage form for oral administration.
  • Solid dosage forms for oral administration include capsules, tablets, pills, powders, and granules.
  • the solid oral dosage form comprising a compound of formula (I) or a salt thereof further comprises one or more of (i) an inert, pharmaceutically acceptable excipient or carrier, such as sodium citrate or dicalcium phosphate, and (ii) filler or extender such as starches, lactose, sucrose, glucose, mannitol, or silicic acid, (iii) binders such as
  • humectants such as glycerol
  • disintegrating agent such as agar, calcium carbonate, potato or tapioca starch, alginic acid, certain silicates or sodium carbonate
  • solution retarding agents such as paraffin
  • absorption accelerators such as quaternary ammonium salts
  • a wetting agent such as cetyl alcohol or glycerol monostearate
  • absorbent such as kaolin or bentonite clay
  • lubricant such as talc, calcium stearate, magnesium stearate, polyethylene glycols or sodium lauryl sulfate.
  • the solid oral dosage form is formulated as capsules, tablets or pills.
  • the solid oral dosage form further comprises buffering agents.
  • such compositions for solid oral dosage forms may be formulated as fillers in soft and hard-filled gelatin capsules comprising one or more excipients such as lactose or milk sugar, polyethylene glycols and the like.
  • tablets, dragees, capsules, pills and granules of the compositions comprising a compound of formula I or salt thereof optionally comprise coatings or shells such as enteric coatings. They may optionally comprise opacifying agents and can also be of a composition that they release the active ingredient(s) only, or preferentially, in a certain part of the intestinal tract, optionally, in a delayed manner.
  • embedding compositions include polymeric substances and waxes, which may also be employed as fillers in soft and hard-filled gelatin capsules using such excipients as lactose or milk sugar as well as high molecular weight polethylene glycols and the like.
  • a composition comprises micro-encapsulated compound of formula (I) or salt thereof, and optionally, further comprises one or more excipients.
  • compositions comprise liquid dosage formulations comprising a compound of formula I or salt thereof for oral administration, and optionally further comprise one or more of pharmaceutically acceptable emulsions, microemulsions, solutions, suspensions, syrups and elixirs.
  • the liquid dosage form optionally, further comprise one or more of an inert diluent such as water or other solvent, a solubilizing agent, and an emulsifier such as ethyl alcohol, isopropyl alcohol, ethyl carbonate, ethyl acetate, benzyl alcohol, benzyl benzoate, propylene glycol, 1,3-butylene glycol, dimethylformamide, oils (in particular, cottonseed, groundnut, corn, germ, olive, castor, and sesame oils), glycerol, tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol, polyethylene glycols or fatty acid esters of sorbitan, and mixtures thereof.
  • liquid oral diluent such as water or other solvent
  • a solubilizing agent such as ethyl alcohol, isopropyl alcohol, ethyl carbonate, ethyl acetate, benzyl alcohol, benzyl benzoate, propylene glycol
  • compositions optionally further comprise one or more adjuvant, such as a wetting agent, a suspending agent, a sweetening agent, a flavoring agent and a perfuming agent.
  • adjuvant such as a wetting agent, a suspending agent, a sweetening agent, a flavoring agent and a perfuming agent.
  • sterile injectable preparations for example, sterile injectable aqueous or oleaginous suspensions may be formulated according to the known art using suitable dispersing or wetting agents and suspending agents.
  • the sterile injectable preparation may also be a sterile injectable solution, suspension or emulsion in a nontoxic parenterally acceptable diluent or solvent, for example, as a solution in 1,3-butanediol.
  • acceptable vehicles and solvents that may be employed are water, Ringer's solution, U.S. P. and isotonic sodium chloride solution.
  • sterile, fixed oils are conventionally employed as a solvent or suspending medium.
  • any bland fixed oil can be employed including synthetic mono- or di-glycerides.
  • injectable formulations can be sterilized, for example, by filtration through a bacterial-retaining filter, or by incorporating sterilizing agents in the form of sterile solid compositions which can be dissolved or dispersed in sterile water or other sterile injectable medium prior to use.
  • biodegradable polymers examples include poly(orthoesters) and poly(anhydrides). Depot injectable formulations are also prepared by entrapping the compound in liposomes or microemulsions that are compatible with body tissues.
  • compositions for rectal or vaginal administration are formulated as suppositories which can be prepared by mixing a compound of formula (I) or a salt thereof with suitable non-irritating excipients or carriers such as cocoa butter,
  • polyethylene glycol or a suppository wax for example those which are solid at ambient temperature but liquid at body temperature and therefore melt in the rectum or vaginal cavity and release the compound of formula (I).
  • Example dosage forms for topical or transdermal administration of a compound of formula (I) include ointments, pastes, creams, lotions, gels, powders, solutions, sprays, inhalants or patches.
  • the compound of formula (I) or a salt thereof is admixed under sterile conditions with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, and optionally preservatives or buffers.
  • Additional formulation examples include an ophthalmic formulation, ear drops, eye drops,, transdermal patches.
  • Transdermal dosage forms can be made by dissolving or dispensing the compound of formula (I) or a salt thereof in medium, for example ethanol or
  • Absorption enhancers can also be used to increase the flux of the compound across the skin.
  • the rate can be controlled by either providing a rate controlling membrane or by dispersing the compound in a polymer matrix or gel.
  • Nasal aerosol or inhalation formulations of a compound of formula (I) or a salt thereof may be prepared as solutions in saline, employing benzyl alcohol or other suitable preservatives, absorption promotors to enhance bioavailability, fluorocarbons, and/or other conventional solubilizing or dispersing agents.
  • compositions may be administered with or without food. In certain embodiments, pharmaceutically acceptable compositions are administered without food. In certain embodiments, pharmaceutically acceptable compositions of this invention are administered with food.
  • the amount of a provided compound of formula I or salt thereof in the composition will also depend upon the particular compound in the composition.
  • the therapeutically effective amount of the compound of the invention administered parenterally per dose will be in the range of about 0.01-100 mg/kg, alternatively about 0.1 to 20 mg/kg of patient body weight per day, with the typical initial range of compound used being 0.3 to 15 mg/kg/day.
  • oral unit dosage forms such as tablets and capsules, contain from about 5 to about 100 mg of the compound of the invention.
  • An example tablet oral dosage form comprises about 2 mg, 5 mg, 25mg, 50mg, lOOmg, 250mg or 500mg of a compound of formula (I) or salt thereof, and further comprises about 95-30 mg anhydrous lactose, about 5-40 mg sodium croscarmellose, about 5-30mg polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) K30 and about 1-10 mg magnesium stearate.
  • the process of formulating the tablet comprises mixing the powdered ingredients together and further mixing with a solution of the PVP.
  • the resulting composition can be dried, granulated, mixed with the magnesium stearate and compressed to tablet form using conventional equipment.
  • An example of an aerosol formulation can be prepared by dissolving about 2-500 mg of a compound of formula I or salt thereof, in a suitable buffer solution, e.g. a phosphate buffer, and adding a tonicifier, e.g. a salt such sodium chloride, if desired.
  • a suitable buffer solution e.g. a phosphate buffer
  • a tonicifier e.g. a salt such sodium chloride
  • the solution may be filtered, e.g. using a 0.2 micron filter, to remove impurities and contaminants.
  • Another aspect includes the use of a compound of formula (I) or a salt thereof for the inhibition of CDK8, thereby treating diseases, such as cancer.
  • Another aspect includes a method of treating or preventing a disease responsive to the inhibition of CDK8 activity in a patient.
  • the method includes administering a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of formula (I) or a salt thereof to a patient in need thereof.
  • Another aspect includes the use of a compound of formula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, in therapy.
  • Another aspect includes the use of a pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound of formula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, in therapy.
  • Another aspect includes the use of a compound of formula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, in treating a disease associated with CDK8 activity.
  • Another aspect includes the use of a compound of formula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, in the manufacture of a medicament for the treatment of a disease associated with CDK8 activity.
  • Another aspect includes the compound of formula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof for use as therapeutic active substances.
  • Another aspect includes the compound of formula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof for use as therapeutic active substances for the treatment of a hyperproliferative disorder.
  • the disease or condition is a hyperproliferative disease, cancer, stroke, diabetes, hepatomegaly, cardiovascular disease, multiple sclerosis,
  • treatment may be administered after one or more symptoms have developed. In other embodiments, treatment may be administered in the absence of symptoms. For example, treatment may be administered to a susceptible individual prior to the onset of symptoms (e.g., in light of a history of symptoms and/or in light of genetic or other susceptibility factors). Treatment may also be continued after symptoms have resolved, for example to prevent or delay their recurrence.
  • Another aspect includes a method for treating, ameliorating or preventing cancer, drug-resistant cancer or another proliferative disorder by administration of an effective amount of a compound of formula (I) or salt thereof to a mammal, for example a human, in need of such treatment.
  • the disease to be treated is cancer or drug resistant cancer.
  • cancers that may be treated using the compounds and methods described herein include, but are not limited to, adrenal cancer, acinic cell carcinoma, acoustic neuroma, acral lentigious melanoma, acrospiroma, acute eosinophilic leukemia, acute erythroid leukemia, acute lymphoblastic leukemia, acute megakaryoblastic leukemia, acute monocytic leukemia, acute promyelocytic leukemia, adenocarcinoma, adenoid cystic carcinoma, adenoma, adenomatoid odontogenic tumor, adenosquamous carcinoma, adipose tissue neoplasm, adrenocortical carcinoma, adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma, aggressive NK- cell leukemia, AIDS-related lymphoma, alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma, alveolar soft part sarcoma, ameloblastic
  • hemangioblastoma head and neck cancer, hemangiopericytoma, hematological malignancy, hepatoblastoma, hepatosplenic T-cell lymphoma, Hodgkin's lymphoma, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, invasive lobular carcinoma, intestinal cancer, kidney cancer, laryngeal cancer, lentigo maligna, leukemia, leydig cell tumor, liposarcoma, lung cancer, lymphangioma, lymphangiosarcoma, lymphoepithelioma, lymphoma, acute lymphocytic leukemia, acute myelogeous leukemia, chronic lymphocytic leukemia, liver cancer, small cell lung cancer, non-small cell lung cancer, MALT lymphoma, malignant fibrous histiocytoma, malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor, malignant triton tumor, mantle cell lymphoma, marginal zone B-cell lymphoma, mast
  • neurofibroma neuroma, neuroma, nodular melanoma, ocular cancer, oligoastrocytoma,
  • oligodendroglioma oligodendroglioma, oncocytoma, optic nerve sheath meningioma, optic nerve tumor, oral cancer, osteosarcoma, ovarian cancer, Pancoast tumor, papillary thyroid cancer,
  • paraganglioma pinealoblastoma, pineocytoma, pituicytoma, pituitary adenoma, pituitary tumor, plasmacytoma, polyembryoma, precursor T-lymphoblastic lymphoma, primary central nervous system lymphoma, primary effusion lymphoma, preimary peritoneal cancer, prostate cancer, pancreatic cancer, pharyngeal cancer, pseudomyxoma periotonei, renal cell carcinoma, renal medullary carcinoma, retinoblastoma, rhabdomyoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, Richter's transformation, rectal cancer, sarcoma, Schwannomatosis, seminoma, Sertoli cell tumor, sex cord-gonadal stromal tumor, signet ring cell carcinoma, skin cancer, small blue round cell tumors, small cell carcinoma, soft tissue sarcoma, somatostatinoma, soot wart, spinal tumor,
  • Another embodiment includes a method for the treatment of benign proliferative disorders.
  • benign proliferative disorders include, but are not limited to, benign soft tissue tumors, bone tumors, brain and spinal tumors, eyelid and orbital tumors, granuloma, lipoma, meningioma, multiple endocrine neoplasia, nasal polyps, pituitary tumors, prolactinoma, pseudotumor cerebri, seborrheic keratoses, stomach polyps, thyroid nodules, cystic neoplasms of the pancreas, hemangiomas, vocal cord nodules, polyps, and cysts, Castleman disease, chronic pilonidal disease, dermatofibroma, pilar cyst, pyogenic granuloma and juvenile polyposis syndrome.
  • Another embodiment includes the use of a compound of formula I or salt thereof for the production of pharmaceutical compositions which are employed for the treatment and/or prophylaxis and/or amelioration of the diseases, disorders, illnesses and/or conditions as mentioned herein.
  • Another embodiment includes the use of a compound of formula I or salt thereof for the production of pharmaceutical compositions which are employed for the treatment and/or prophylaxis of diseases and/or disorders responsive or sensitive to the inhibition of CDK8, particularly those diseases mentioned above, such as e.g. cancer.
  • Compounds of formula (I) or salts thereof may be administered using any amount and any route of administration effective for treating or lessening the severity of the disorder.
  • the exact amount required will vary from patient to patient, depending on the species, age, and general condition of the patient, for example the severity of the disorder, the particular compound, its mode of administration, and the like.
  • the total daily usage of a compound of formula (I) by a given patient will be decided by the attending physician within the scope of sound medical judgment.
  • the specific effective dose level for any particular patient will depend upon a variety of factors including the disorder being treated and the severity of the disorder; the activity of the specific compound employed; the specific composition employed; the age, body weight, general health, sex and diet of the patient; the time of administration, route of administration, and rate of excretion of the specific compound employed; the duration of the treatment; drugs used in combination or coincidental with the specific compound employed, and like factors well known in the medical arts.
  • Another embodiment includes a method of inhibiting CDK8 activity in a biological sample comprising contacting said biological sample with a compound of formula I or salt thereof.
  • biological sample includes, without limitation, a cell, cell cultures or extracts thereof; biopsied material obtained from a mammal or extracts thereof; and blood, saliva, urine, feces, semen, tears, or other body fluids or extracts thereof.
  • the compounds of formula (I) or salts therof may be employed alone or in combination with other agents for treatment.
  • the second agent of the pharmaceutical combination formulation or dosing regimen may have complementary activities to the compound of formula (I) such that they do not adversely affect each other.
  • the compounds may be administered together in a unitary pharmaceutical composition or separately.
  • a compound or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt can be coadministered with a cytotoxic agent to treat proliferative diseases and cancer.
  • co-administering refers to either simultaneous administration, or any manner of separate sequential administration, of a compound of formula (I) or a salt thereof, and a further active pharmaceutical ingredient or ingredients, including cytotoxic agents and radiation treatment. If the administration is not simultaneous, the compounds are administered in a close time proximity to each other. Furthermore, it does not matter if the compounds are administered in the same dosage form, e.g. one compound may be administered topically and another compound may be administered orally.
  • any agent that has activity against a disease or condition being treated may be co-administered.
  • agents can be found in Cancer Principles and Practice of Oncology by V.T. Devita and S. Hellman (editors), 6 th edition (February 15, 2001), Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Publishers.
  • a person of ordinary skill in the art would be able to discern which combinations of agents would be useful based on the particular characteristics of the drugs and the disease involved.
  • the treatment method includes the co-administration of a compound of formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof and at least one cytotoxic agent.
  • cytotoxic agent refers to a substance that inhibits or prevents a cellular function and/or causes cell death or destruction. Cytotoxic agents include, but are not limited to, radioactive isotopes (e.g., At 211 , 1 131 , 1 125 , Y 90 , Re 186 , Re 188 ,
  • Sm , Bi , P , Pb and radioactive isotopes of Lu include chemo therapeutic agents; growth inhibitory agents; enzymes and fragments thereof such as nucleolytic enzymes; and toxins such as small molecule toxins or enzymatically active toxins of bacterial, fungal, plant or animal origin, including fragments and/or variants thereof.
  • Exemplary cytotoxic agents can be selected from anti-microtubule agents, platinum coordination complexes, alkylating agents, antibiotic agents, topoisomerase II inhibitors, antimetabolites, topoisomerase I inhibitors, hormones and hormonal analogues, signal transduction pathway inhibitors, non-receptor tyrosine kinase angiogenesis inhibitors, immunotherapeutic agents, proapoptotic agents, nhibitors of LDH-A; inhibitors of fatty acid biosynthesis; cell cycle signaling inhibitors; HDAC inhibitors, proteasome inhibitors; and inhibitors of cancer metabolism.
  • “Chemotherapeutic agent” includes chemical compounds useful in the treatment of cancer.
  • chemotherapeutic agents include erlotinib (TARCEVA ® , Genentech/OSI Pharm.), bortezomib (VELCADE ® , Millennium Pharm.), disulfiram , epigallocatechin gallate , salinosporamide A, carfilzomib, 17-AAG(geldanamycin), radicicol, lactate dehydrogenase A (LDH-A), fulvestrant (FASLODEX ® , AstraZeneca), sunitib (SUTENT ® , Pfizer/Sugen), letrozole (FEMARA ® , Novartis), imatinib mesylate (GLEEVEC ® ., Novartis), finasunate (VATALANIB ® , Novartis), oxaliplatin (ELOXATIN ® , Sanofi), 5-FU (5-
  • alkylating agents such as thiotepa and CYTOXAN ® cyclosphosphamide
  • alkyl sulfonates such as busulfan, improsulfan and piposulfan
  • aziridines such as benzodopa, carboquone, meturedopa, and uredopa;
  • ethylenimines and methylamelamines including altretamine, triethylenemelamine, triethylenephosphoramide, triethylenethiophosphoramide and trimethylomelamine;
  • acetogenins especially bullatacin and bullatacinone
  • a camptothecin including topotecan and irinotecan
  • bryostatin callystatin
  • CC-1065 including its adozelesin, carzelesin and bizelesin synthetic analogs
  • cryptophycins particularly cryptophycin 1 and cryptophycin 8
  • adrenocorticosteroids including prednisone and prednisolone
  • cyproterone acetate 5a- reductases including finasteride and dutasteride
  • vorinostat romidepsin, panobinostat, valproic acid, mocetinostat dolastatin
  • aldesleukin, talc duocarmycin including the synthetic analogs, KW-2189 and CB1-TM1
  • pancratistatin a sarcodictyin
  • spongistatin nitrogen mustards such as chloride
  • novembichin novembichin, phenesterine, prednimustine, trofosfamide, uracil mustard; nitrosoureas such as carmustine, chlorozotocin, fotemustine, lomustine, nimustine, and ranimnustine; antibiotics such as the enediyne antibiotics (e.g., calicheamicin, especially calicheamicin ⁇ and calicheamicin coll (Angew Chem. Intl. Ed. Engl. 1994 33: 183-186); dynemicin, including dynemicin A; bisphosphonates, such as clodronate; an esperamicin; as well as
  • neocarzinostatin chromophore and related chromoprotein enediyne antibiotic chromophores aclacinomysins, actinomycin, authramycin, azaserine, bleomycins, cactinomycin, carabicin, caminomycin, carzinophilin, chromomycinis, dactinomycin, daunorubicin, detorubicin, 6- diazo-5-oxo-L-norleucine, ADRIAMYCIN (doxorubicin), morpholino-doxorubicin, cyanomorpholino-doxorubicin, 2-pyrrolino-doxorubicin and deoxydoxorubicin), epirubicin, esorubicin, idarubicin, marcellomycin, mitomycins such as mitomycin C, mycophenolic acid, nogalamycin, olivomycins, peplomycin, porfiromycin, puromycin,
  • methotrexate, pteropterin, trimetrexate purine analogs such as fludarabine, 6- mercaptopurine, thiamiprine, thioguanine; pyrimidine analogs such as ancitabine, azacitidine, 6-azauridine, carmofur, cytarabine, dideoxyuridine, doxifluridine, enocitabine, floxuridine; androgens such as calusterone, dromostanolone propionate, epitiostanol, mepitiostane, testolactone; anti-adrenals such as aminoglutethimide, mitotane, trilostane; folic acid replenisher such as frolinic acid; aceglatone; aldophosphamide glycoside; aminolevulinic acid; eniluracil; amsacrine; bestrabucil; bisantrene; edatraxate; defofamine; demecolcine; dia
  • TAXOL paclitaxel
  • ABRAXANE Cyremophor-free
  • albumin-engineered nanoparticle formulations of paclitaxel American Pharmaceutical Partners, Schaumberg, 111.
  • TAXOTERE docetaxel, doxetaxel; Sanofi-Aventis
  • chloranmbucil GEMZAR ® (gemcitabine)
  • 6-thioguanine mercaptopurine
  • methotrexate platinum analogs such as cisplatin and carboplatin; vinblastine; etoposide (VP- 16); ifosfamide;
  • vincristine vincristine; NAVELBINE ® (vinorelbine); novantrone; teniposide; edatrexate; daunomycin; aminopterin; capecitabine (XELODA ® ); ibandronate; CPT-11; topoisomerase inhibitor RFS 2000; difluoromethylorni thine (DMFO); retinoids such as retinoic acid; and pharmaceutically acceptable salts, acids and derivatives of any of the above.
  • NAVELBINE ® vinorelbine
  • novantrone teniposide
  • edatrexate daunomycin
  • aminopterin capecitabine
  • XELODA ® ibandronate
  • CPT-11 topoisomerase inhibitor
  • DMFO difluoromethylorni thine
  • retinoids such as retinoic acid
  • pharmaceutically acceptable salts, acids and derivatives of any of the above pharmaceutically acceptable salts, acids and derivatives
  • Chemotherapeutic agent also includes (i) anti-hormonal agents that act to regulate or inhibit hormone action on tumors such as anti-estrogens and selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs), including, for example, tamoxifen (including NOLVADEX ;
  • SERMs selective estrogen receptor modulators
  • aromatase inhibitors that inhibit the enzyme aromatase, which regulates estrogen production in the adrenal glands, such as, for example, 4(5)-imidazoles, aminoglutethimide, MEGASE ® (megestrol acetate), AROMASIN ® (exemestane; Pfizer), formestanie, fadrozole, RIVISOR ® (vorozole), FEMARA ® (letrozole; Novartis), and AREVIIDEX ® (anastrozole; AstraZeneca); (iii) anti-androgens such as flutamide, nilutamide, bicalutamide,
  • troxacitabine a 1,3-dioxolane nucleoside cytosine analog
  • protein kinase inhibitors kinase inhibitors
  • lipid kinase inhibitors antisense oligonucleotides, particularly those which inhibit expression of genes in signaling pathways implicated in aberrant cell proliferation, such as, for example, PKC-alpha, Ralf and H-Ras
  • ribozymes such as VEGF expression inhibitors (e.g., ANGIOZYME ® ) and HER2 expression inhibitors
  • vaccines such as gene therapy vaccines, for example, ALLOVECTIN ® , LEUVECTIN ® , and VAXID ® ; PROLEUKIN ® , rIL-2; a topoisomerase 1 inhibitor such as LURTOTECAN ® ; ABARELIX ® rmR
  • Chemotherapeutic agent also includes antibodies such as alemtuzumab (Campath), bevacizumab (AVASTIN®, Genentech); cetuximab (ERBITUX®, Imclone); panitumumab (VECTIBIX®, Amgen), rituximab (RITUXAN®, Genentech/Biogen pie), pertuzumab (OMNITARG®, 2C4, Genentech), trastuzumab (HERCEPTIN®, Genentech), tositumomab (Bexxar, Corixia), and the antibody drug conjugate, gemtuzumab ozogamicin
  • Additional humanized monoclonal antibodies with therapeutic potential as agents in combination with the compounds of the invention include: apolizumab, aselizumab, atlizumab, bapineuzumab, bivatuzumab mertansine, cantuzumab mertansine, cedelizumab, certolizumab pegol, cidfusituzumab, cidtuzumab, daclizumab, eculizumab, efalizumab, epratuzumab, erlizumab, felvizumab, fontolizumab, gemtuzumab ozogamicin, inotuzumab ozogamicin, ipilimumab, labetuzumab, lintuzumab, matuzumab, mepolizumab, motavizumab, motovizumab, natalizumab, n
  • rovelizumab ruplizumab, sibrotuzumab, siplizumab, thankuzumab, tacatuzumab tetraxetan, tadocizumab, talizumab, tefibazumab, tocilizumab, toralizumab, tucotuzumab celmoleukin, tucusituzumab, umavizumab, urtoxazumab, ustekinumab, visilizumab, and the anti- interleukin-12 (ABT-874/J695, Wyeth Research and Abbott Laboratories) which is a recombinant exclusively human- sequence, full-length IgGi ⁇ antibody genetically modified to recognize interleukin-12 p40 protein.
  • ABT-874/J695 Wyeth Research and Abbott Laboratories
  • Chemotherapeutic agent also includes "EGFR inhibitors,” which refers to compounds that bind to or otherwise interact directly with EGFR and prevent or reduce its signaling activity, and is alternatively referred to as an "EGFR antagonist.”
  • EGFR inhibitors refers to compounds that bind to or otherwise interact directly with EGFR and prevent or reduce its signaling activity, and is alternatively referred to as an "EGFR antagonist.”
  • examples of such agents include antibodies and small molecules that bind to EGFR.
  • antibodies which bind to EGFR include MAb 579 (ATCC CRL HB 8506), MAb 455 (ATCC CRL HB8507), MAb 225 (ATCC CRL 8508), MAb 528 (ATCC CRL 8509) (see, US Patent No. 4,943, 533, Mendelsohn et al.) and variants thereof, such as chimerized 225 (C225 or Cetuximab;
  • ERBUTIX ® reshaped human 225
  • H225 human 225
  • IMC-11F8 a fully human, EGFR-targeted antibody (Imclone); antibodies that bind type II mutant EGFR (US Patent No. 5,212,290); humanized and chimeric antibodies that bind EGFR as described in US Patent No. 5,891,996; and human antibodies that bind EGFR, such as ABX-EGF or Panitumumab (see WO98/50433, Abgenix/Amgen); EMD 55900
  • EMD7200 a humanized EGFR antibody directed against EGFR that competes with both EGF and TGF-alpha for EGFR binding
  • human EGFR antibody HuMax-EGFR (GenMab)
  • Fully human antibodies known as El. l, E2.4, E2.5, E6.2, E6.4, E2.l l, E6. 3 and E7.6. 3 and described in US 6,235,883; MDX-447 (Medarex Inc); and mAb 806 or humanized mAb 806 (Johns et al, J. Biol. Chem. 279(29):30375-30384 (2004)).
  • the anti-EGFR antibody may be conjugated with a cytotoxic agent, thus generating an immunoconjugate (see, e.g.,
  • EGFR antagonists include small molecules such as compounds described in US Patent Nos: 5,616,582, 5,457,105, 5,475,001, 5,654,307, 5,679,683, 6,084,095, 6,265,410, 6,455,534, 6,521,620, 6,596,726, 6,713,484, 5,770,599, 6,140,332, 5,866,572, 6,399,602, 6,344,459, 6,602,863, 6,391,874, 6,344,455, 5,760,041, 6,002,008, and 5,747,498, as well as the following PCT publications: W098/14451, WO98/50038, WO99/09016, and WO99/24037.
  • EGFR antagonists include OSI-774 (CP-358774, erlotinib, TARCEVA ® Genentech/OSI Pharmaceuticals); PD 183805 (CI 1033, 2-propenamide, N-[4-[(3-chloro-4-fluorophenyl)amino]-7-[3-(4- morpholinyl)propoxy]-6-quinazolinyl]-, dihydrochloride, Pfizer Inc.); ZD1839, gefitinib (IRESSA®) 4-(3'-Chloro-4'-fluoroanilino)-7-methoxy-6-(3-morpholinopropoxy)quinazoline, AstraZeneca); ZM 105180 ((6-amino-4-(3-methylphenyl-amino)-quinazoline, Zeneca); BIBX-1382 (N8-(3-chloro-4-fluoro-phenyl)-N2-(l-methyl-
  • Chemotherapeutic agents also include "tyrosine kinase inhibitors" including the EGFR-targeted drugs noted in the preceding paragraph; small molecule HER2 tyrosine kinase inhibitor such as TAK165 available from Takeda; CP-724,714, an oral selective inhibitor of the ErbB2 receptor tyrosine kinase (Pfizer and OSI); dual-HER inhibitors such as EKB-569 (available from Wyeth) which preferentially binds EGFR but inhibits both HER2 and EGFR-overexpressing cells; lapatinib (GSK572016; available from Glaxo-SmithKline), an oral HER2 and EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor; PKI-166 (available from Novartis); pan- HER inhibitors such as canertinib (CI- 1033; Pharmacia); Raf-1 inhibitors such as antisense agent ISIS-5132 available from ISIS Pharmaceuticals which inhibit Raf- 1 signaling; non-
  • PTK787/ZK222584 available from Novartis/Schering AG
  • MAPK extracellular regulated kinase I inhibitor CI-1040 available from Pharmacia
  • quinazolines such as PD 153035,4- (3-chloroanilino) quinazoline
  • pyridopyrimidines such as PD 153035,4- (3-chloroanilino) quinazoline
  • pyridopyrimidines such as pyrimidopyrimidines
  • pyrrolopyrimidines such as CGP 59326, CGP 60261 and CGP 62706
  • pyrazolopyrimidines 4-(phenylamino)-7H- pyrrolo[2,3-d] pyrimidines
  • curcumin diiferuloyl methane, 4,5-bis (4- fluoroanilino)phthalimide
  • tyrphostines containing nitrothiophene moieties PD-018380
  • Chemotherapeutic agents also include dexamethasone, interferons, colchicine, metoprine, cyclosporine, amphotericin, metronidazole, alemtuzumab, alitretinoin, allopurinol, amifostine, arsenic trioxide, asparaginase, BCG live, bevacuzimab, bexarotene, cladribine, clofarabine, darbepoetin alfa, denileukin, dexrazoxane, epoetin alfa, elotinib, filgrastim, histrelin acetate, ibritumomab, interferon alfa-2a, interferon alfa-2b, lenalidomide, levamisole, mesna, methoxsalen, nandrolone, nelarabine, nofetumomab, oprelvekin,
  • Chemotherapeutic agents also include hydrocortisone, hydrocortisone acetate, cortisone acetate, tixocortol pivalate, triamcinolone acetonide, triamcinolone alcohol, mometasone, amcinonide, budesonide, desonide, fluocinonide, fluocinolone acetonide, betamethasone, betamethasone sodium phosphate, dexamethasone, dexamethasone sodium phosphate, fluocortolone, hydrocortisone- 17-butyrate, hydrocortisone- 17-valerate, aclometasone dipropionate, betamethasone valerate, betamethasone dipropionate,
  • ImSAIDs immune selective anti-inflammatory peptides
  • FEG phenylalanine-glutamine-glycine
  • FeG D-isomeric form
  • anti-rheumatic drugs such as azathioprine, ciclosporin (cyclosporine A), D-penicillamine, gold salts, hydroxychloroquine,
  • leflunomideminocycline, sulfasalazine, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFa) blockers such as etanercept (Enbrel), infliximab (Remicade), adalimumab (Humira), certolizumab pegol (Cimzia), golimumab (Simponi), Interleukin 1 (IL-1) blockers such as anakinra (Kineret), T cell costimulation blockers such as abatacept (Orencia), Interleukin 6 (IL-6) blockers such as tocilizumab (ACTEMERA®); Interleukin 13 (IL- 13) blockers such as lebrikizumab;
  • TNFa tumor necrosis factor alpha
  • Interferon alpha (IFN) blockers such as Rontalizumab; Beta 7 integrin blockers such as rhuMAb Beta7; IgE pathway blockers such as Anti-Mi prime; Secreted homotrimeric LTa3 and membrane bound heterotrimer LTal/p2 blockers such as Anti-lymphotoxin alpha (LTa); radioactive isotopes (e.g., At 211 , 1 131 , 1 125 , Y 90 , Re 186 , Re 188 , Sm 153 , Bi 212 , P 32 , Pb 212 and radioactive isotopes of Lu); miscellaneous investigational agents such as thioplatin, PS-341, phenylbutyrate, ET- 18- OCH 3 , or farnesyl transferase inhibitors (L-739749, L-744832);
  • IFN Interferon alpha
  • Beta 7 integrin blockers such as rhuMAb Beta7
  • polyphenols such as quercetin, resveratrol, piceatannol, epigallocatechine gallate, theaflavins, flavanols, procyanidins, betulinic acid and derivatives thereof; autophagy inhibitors such as chloroquine; delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (dronabinol, MARINOL®); beta-lapachone; lapachol; colchicines; betulinic acid; acetylcamptothecin, scopolectin, and 9- aminocamptothecin); podophyllotoxin; tegafur (UFTORAL®); bexarotene (TARGRETIN®); bisphosphonates such as clodronate (for example, BONEFOS® or OSTAC®), etidronate (DIDROCAL®), NE-58095, zoledronic acid/zoledronate (ZOMETA®), alendronate
  • autophagy inhibitors such as chloroquine
  • THERATOPE® vaccine perifosine, COX-2 inhibitor (e.g. celecoxib or etoricoxib), proteosome inhibitor (e.g. PS341); CCI-779; tipifarnib (R11577); orafenib, ABT510; Bcl-2 inhibitor such as oblimersen sodium (GENASENSE®); pixantrone; farnesyltransferase inhibitors such as lonafarnib (SCH 6636, SARASARTM); and pharmaceutically acceptable salts, acids or derivatives of any of the above; as well as combinations of two or more of the above such as CHOP, an abbreviation for a combined therapy of cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisolone; and FOLFOX, an abbreviation for a treatment regimen with oxaliplatin (ELOXATINTM) combined with 5-FU and leucovorin.
  • COX-2 inhibitor e.g
  • Chemotherapeutic agents also include non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugswith analgesic, antipyretic and anti-inflammatory effects.
  • NSAIDs include non-selective inhibitors of the enzyme cyclooxygenase.
  • Specific examples of NSAIDs include aspirin, propionic acid derivatives such as ibuprofen, fenoprofen, ketoprofen, flurbiprofen, oxaprozin and naproxen, acetic acid derivatives such as indomethacin, sulindac, etodolac, diclofenac, enolic acid derivatives such as piroxicam, meloxicam, tenoxicam, droxicam, lornoxicam and isoxicam, fenamic acid derivatives such as mefenamic acid, meclofenamic acid, flufenamic acid, tolfenamic acid, and COX-2 inhibitors such as celecoxib, etoricoxib, lumirac
  • NSAIDs can be indicated for the symptomatic relief of conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, inflammatory arthropathies, ankylosing spondylitis, psoriatic arthritis, Reiter's syndrome, acute gout, dysmenorrhoea, metastatic bone pain, headache and migraine, postoperative pain, mild-to- moderate pain due to inflammation and tissue injury, pyrexia, ileus, and renal colic.
  • conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, inflammatory arthropathies, ankylosing spondylitis, psoriatic arthritis, Reiter's syndrome, acute gout, dysmenorrhoea, metastatic bone pain, headache and migraine, postoperative pain, mild-to- moderate pain due to inflammation and tissue injury, pyrexia, ileus, and renal colic.
  • Chemotherapeutic agents also include treatments for Alzheimer's Disease such as donepezil hydrochloride and rivastigmine; treatments for Parkinson's Disease such as L- DOPA/carbidopa, entacapone, ropinrole, pramipexole, bromocriptine, pergolide,
  • agents for treating multiple sclerosis such as beta interferon (e.g., Avonex ® and Rebif ® ), glatiramer acetate, and mitoxantrone
  • treatments for asthma such as albuterol and montelukast sodium
  • agents for treating schizophrenia such as zyprexa, risperdal, seroquel, and haloperidol
  • anti-inflammatory agents such as
  • corticosteroids corticosteroids, TNF blockers, IL-1 RA, azathioprine, cyclophosphamide, and sulfasalazine
  • immunomodulatory and immunosuppressive agents such as cyclosporin, tacrolimus, rapamycin, mycophenolate mofetil, interferons, corticosteroids, cyclophophamide, azathioprine, and sulfasalazine
  • neurotrophic factors such as acetylcholinesterase inhibitors, MAO inhibitors, interferons, anti-convulsants, ion channel blockers, riluzole, and antiparkinsonian agents
  • agents for treating cardiovascular disease such as beta-blockers, ACE inhibitors, diuretics, nitrates, calcium channel blockers, and statins
  • agents for treating liver disease such as corticosteroids, cholestyramine, interferons, and anti-viral agents
  • chemotherapeutic agents include pharmaceutically acceptable salts, acids or derivatives of any of chemotherapeutic agents, described herein, as well as combinations of two or more of them.
  • compositions of this invention are formulated such that a dosage of between 0.01 - 100 mg/kg body weight/day of an inventive can be administered.
  • the additional therapeutic agent and the compound of formula (I) may act synergistically. Therefore, the amount of additional therapeutic agent in such compositions may be less than that required in a monotherapy utilizing only that therapeutic agent, or there may be fewer side effects for the patient given that a lower dose is used. In certain embodiments, in such compositions a dosage of between 0.01 - 1,000 g/kg body weight/day of the additional therapeutic agent can be administered.
  • kits for treating cancer in an individual comprising administering to the individual (a) a compound of formula (I) or a
  • a cytotoxic agent e.g. , targeted therapy, chemotherapy, and/or radiotherapy.
  • cancer treatment comprising administering to the individual (a) an effective amount of a compound of formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof and (b) an effective amount of a cytotoxic agent, wherein the cancer treatment has increased efficacy compared to a treatment (e.g., standard of care treatment) comprising administering an effective amount of cytotoxic agent without (in the absence of) the compound of formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
  • a treatment e.g., standard of care treatment
  • the cytotoxic agent is radiotherapy.
  • the compound of formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is concomitantly administered with the cytotoxic agent (e.g. , targeted therapy, chemotherapy, and/or radiotherapy). In certain embodiments, the compound of formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is administered prior to and/or concurrently with the cytotoxic agent (e.g. , targeted therapy, chemotherapy, and/or radiotherapy).
  • the cytotoxic agent e.g. , targeted therapy, chemotherapy, and/or radiotherapy.
  • Step 8b) 4-[(3S)-3-aminopyrrolidin-l-yl]pyrimidin-2-amine
  • Tert-butyl N-[(3S)- l-(2-aminopyrimidin-4-yl)pyrrolidin-3-yl]carbamate 300 mg, 1.074 mmol
  • hydrogen chloride 4 mol/1
  • 1,4-dioxane 2.7 mL, 10.74 mmol
  • the reaction was then concentrated and dried under vacuum to afford 170 mg of 4-[(3S)-3-aminopyrrolidin- l-yl]pyrimidin-2-amine as a white solid. This product was used for next step without purification.
  • Step 15c) (S)-l-(4-(azetidin-l-ylmethyl)-3-fluorophenyl)-3-(l-(2- (methylamino)pyrimidin-4-yl)pyrrolidin-3-yl)urea
  • Step 19b 3-chloro-4-((4-ethylpiperazin-l-yl)methyl)aniline 3-chloro-4-((4-ethylpiperazin-l-yl)methyl)aniline was prepared analogously to 3-chloro-4- ((dimethylamino)methyl)aniline substituting 1-ethylpiperazine for dimethylamine
  • the europium was excited by light at 340 nm resulting in energy transfer to Alexa 647 with subsequent emission of fluorescence at 665 nm when the two fluorophores were brought into close proximity by the binding interaction. Fluorescence intensities (excitation at 340 nm and emission at both 615 and 665 nm) were read on a ViewLux multimode plate reader (PerkinElmer, Waltham, MA). The TR-FRET signal was calculated by dividing the fluorescence intensity at 665 nm by the fluorescence intensity at 615 nm.
  • Assays were conducted in 1536-well black microplates in volumes of 4 ⁇ ⁇ per well. Final concentrations of CDK8/Cyclin C dimer, anti-His, and Tracer 236 were 5, 4 and 10 nM, respectively. Assay buffer was 50 mM HEPES pH 7.5, 10 mM MgCl 2 , 0.01% Brij35, 1 mM EGTA, 0.1% bovine gamma gobulins, and 2 mM dithiothreitol.

Abstract

La présente invention concerne des composés de formule (I) et des sels de ceux-ci. Dans la formule (I), R1 à R4 ont l'une quelconque des valeurs définies dans la description. L'invention concerne également des compositions et des utilisations de ces composés. Lesdits composés sont utiles en tant qu'inhibiteurs de CDK8. L'invention concerne encore des compositions pharmaceutiquement acceptables comprenant les composés selon la présente invention, ainsi que des méthodes d'utilisation de ces compositions dans le traitement de divers troubles.
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US20190016706A1 (en) * 2016-03-03 2019-01-17 Cornell University Small molecule ire1-alpha inhibitors
WO2019068613A1 (fr) 2017-10-02 2019-04-11 Boehringer Ingelheim International Gmbh Nouveaux composés de [1,6]naphthyridine et dérivés utilisés en tant qu'inhibiteurs de cdk8/cdk19
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