WO2015048858A1 - Système et appareil pour commande électronique d'un système de réfrigération par absorption - Google Patents

Système et appareil pour commande électronique d'un système de réfrigération par absorption Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2015048858A1
WO2015048858A1 PCT/AU2014/050270 AU2014050270W WO2015048858A1 WO 2015048858 A1 WO2015048858 A1 WO 2015048858A1 AU 2014050270 W AU2014050270 W AU 2014050270W WO 2015048858 A1 WO2015048858 A1 WO 2015048858A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
fluid
machine
ammonia
generator
pressure
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/AU2014/050270
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Marshal RUBINSTEIN
Gerhard Kunze
Original Assignee
Tranquility Group Pty Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from AU2013903847A external-priority patent/AU2013903847A0/en
Application filed by Tranquility Group Pty Ltd filed Critical Tranquility Group Pty Ltd
Priority to US15/027,333 priority Critical patent/US20160252285A1/en
Priority to CN201480059630.4A priority patent/CN105723166A/zh
Priority to AU2014331539A priority patent/AU2014331539A1/en
Publication of WO2015048858A1 publication Critical patent/WO2015048858A1/fr

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B49/00—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
    • F25B49/04—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for sorption type machines, plants or systems
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B15/00—Sorption machines, plants or systems, operating continuously, e.g. absorption type
    • F25B15/02—Sorption machines, plants or systems, operating continuously, e.g. absorption type without inert gas
    • F25B15/04—Sorption machines, plants or systems, operating continuously, e.g. absorption type without inert gas the refrigerant being ammonia evaporated from aqueous solution
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B49/00—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
    • F25B49/04—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for sorption type machines, plants or systems
    • F25B49/043—Operating continuously
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2400/00—General features or devices for refrigeration machines, plants or systems, combined heating and refrigeration systems or heat-pump systems, i.e. not limited to a particular subgroup of F25B
    • F25B2400/09—Refrigeration machines, plants and systems having means for detecting the concentration of a sorbent solution
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2600/00—Control issues
    • F25B2600/25—Control of valves
    • F25B2600/2513—Expansion valves
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2600/00—Control issues
    • F25B2600/25—Control of valves
    • F25B2600/2521—On-off valves controlled by pulse signals
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B41/00—Fluid-circulation arrangements
    • F25B41/30—Expansion means; Dispositions thereof
    • F25B41/31—Expansion valves
    • F25B41/34—Expansion valves with the valve member being actuated by electric means, e.g. by piezoelectric actuators
    • F25B41/345—Expansion valves with the valve member being actuated by electric means, e.g. by piezoelectric actuators by solenoids
    • F25B41/347—Expansion valves with the valve member being actuated by electric means, e.g. by piezoelectric actuators by solenoids with the valve member being opened and closed cyclically, e.g. with pulse width modulation
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A30/00—Adapting or protecting infrastructure or their operation
    • Y02A30/27—Relating to heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC] technologies
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B30/00—Energy efficient heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC]
    • Y02B30/62—Absorption based systems
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B30/00—Energy efficient heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC]
    • Y02B30/70—Efficient control or regulation technologies, e.g. for control of refrigerant flow, motor or heating

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a system and apparatus for electronic control of an absorption refrigeration machine.
  • An ammonia/water type absorption machine is the preferred embodiment, and the example used to disclose the invention, but other combinations of refrigerant/absorbent (for example water and lithium/bromide) may just as easily be used to implement the present invention.
  • refrigerant/absorbent for example water and lithium/bromide
  • the flow of liquids within the machine, as well as the concentration of the refrigerant to absorbent e.g.
  • ammonia/water solution are precisely controlled through the use of solenoid valves. These solenoids are controlled via a microprocessor control system with fluid level sensors, pressure sensors, temperature sensors and othe environmental data sensors attached.
  • a regular ammonia absorption refrigeration machine 100 consists of a Generator 110, a condenser 120, an evaporator 140 and a absorber 160.
  • the generator and condenser operate under higher pressure while the Evaporator and Absorber are at lower pressures.
  • Flow control devices 130, 1.5 and 180 are required to control the flow between the components.
  • Device 130 controls flow of liquid ammonia from the condenser to the evaporator, where cooling takes place.
  • Device 150 controls flow of ammonia gas into the Absorber 160, where it is absorbed into the ammonia/water solution.
  • Device 180 controls flo of weak ammonia/water solution into the Absorber 1.60.
  • These flow control devices can be capillary tubes, membranes, needles or other such flow restriction devices.
  • the problems with these devices are that they are prone to mechanical failure o blockage, which ma result in failure of the machine. Intricate filtering mechanisms may be required to prevent such failures and these contribute to maintenance costs.
  • Capillary tubes may be too large to be practical i a large machine, due to the high pressures involved a large diameter i required, and hence a. long length of tube is required. Also the risk of ammonia leaks increase in the ease of using such a long tube.
  • the present invention seeks to ameliorate the above shortcomings of existing absorption refrigeration machines by providing a means of providing accurate, reliable and low maintenance fluid control methods and also a means of electronically adjusting the refrigerant/absorbent sol tion concentration . Dtsciosure of the invention
  • Ammonia pumps are expensive and prone to mechanical failure.
  • the do not scale well to small sizes, and consequently thi is a limiting factor on producing inexpensive, smaller capacity ammonia absorption refrigeration machines.
  • the invention illustrated in Figure 2 is an example embodiment of an ammonia absorption refrigeration machine that uses pulse width modulated solenoid valves instead of traditional throttle/fluid control device to control flow between the Generator and the Absorber, and between the Condenser and the Evaporator.
  • System 200 comprises a Generator (220) with fluid level (225) and fluid level sensor (230). Heat is applied to the Generator (220), resulting in Ammonia gas flowing to the Condenser (235), which has a fluid level (240) and a fluid level sensor (245).
  • Fluid level sensors may use any suitable electronic fluid level sensing technology.
  • a preferred embodiment uses an optical sensor, which detects a change in total internal reflection of a prism like surface due t the presence of a liquid at the optical interface. Other means may be used to detect fluid levels as well known to anyone skilled in the art.
  • System 200 uses a series of chambers to move the strong ammonia solution from the region of low pressure to the region of high pressure.
  • the chambers hold the strong ammonia water solution, prior to the solution entering the Generator, hence the are referred to as "Pre-Chambers".
  • the absorber (265) may typically operate in a pressure range of around 3 Bars, whereas the Generator (220) ma typically operate in a range of around 10. Bars.
  • the invention uses a cyclical batch proce whereby strong solution initially enters the first Pre-Chambef, Pre-chamber 1 (280), where it is warmed slightly. This is to prevent the ammonia rapidly boiling out before it reaches the generator (220).
  • the second Pre- chamber, Pre-chamber 2 (205) in Fig. 2 is usually at a higher pressure, but when the solution level (210) is lower than a level determined by a liquid level sensor (215), an electronic solenoid valve (284) is opened. This results in the pressure being equalised between the two Pre-chambers.
  • Pre-chamber 2 (205) is located lower than Pre- chamber 1 (280), and -since the pressure has been equalized, the strong liquid is allowed to run down into Pre-chamber 2 (205) under the influence of gravity.
  • the liquid level sensor (215) sends the signal to close solenoid valve (284) and no further solution runs down from Pre- chamber 1 (280) to Pre-chamber 2 (205).
  • a check valve (282) prevents any backward flow from Pre-chamber 2 (205) to Pre-chamber 1 (280).
  • the amount of liquid to be deli vered is determined by an electronic processor (380 - figure 3) in response to environmental data such as required coolin power or coo ling temperature, ambient temperature, machi ne pressures and temperatures. This allows a fine grain optimization not currently possible with other absorption chillers.
  • the condenser (235) condenses the ammonia gas deli vered f om the Generator (220), and the condensed ammonia collects to form a fluid level (240), When the fluid level (240) reaches the fluid level sensor (245), this sensor communicates this state to the electronic processor (380 - figure 3), which subsequently controls the solenoid valve (250) to deliver a precise quantity of liquid to the evaporator.
  • the exact "dose" of liquid is determined by the processor using a software algorithm that includes data such as ambient temperature conditions, cooling power and/or cooling temperature requirements, internal pressure measurements, machine temperatures and fluid levels.
  • the electronic Processor achieves this precise dosing through pulse width modulation
  • the invention allows for the concentration of the ammonia/ water solution to be changed during the course of the machine operation, in response to vai'ying demands and environmental conditions. This is facilitated by a novel means of adding or removing liquid ammonia from the absorption refrigeration system via an Ammonia is storage chamber, illustrated in Figure 2.
  • the ammonia storage chamber may be a discrete storage chamber, or the storage area may be integrated into parts of the condenser itself.
  • An ammonia concentration sensor may optionally be used to measure the ammonia concentration of the ammonia/water solution and make changes accordingly.
  • Existing so ammonia concentration sensors are expensive.
  • the commonly available ones do not typically work well at the high concentrations of ammonia found in ammonia/water absorption machines. Consequently, whilst some embodiments may use a dedicated ammonia concentration sensor, an example embodiment of the invention provides for. a means of using a pressure sensor 276 and temperature sensor
  • P is the Relative pressure in Bar.
  • T (lie emperature in degrees Centigrade) is the ammonia concentration, being the ratio of the Mass of ammonia in the solution to the total Mass of the solution.
  • a electronic processor may take the data from a Temperature sensor (275) and a Pressure sensor (276), and compute the ammonia concentration using a formula similar, to the one described previously, or other such formula as may be deemed to be accurate in estimating the ammonia concentration of the solution.
  • the processor may adjust the concentration up or down.
  • the processor will generate an appropriate pulse width modulated signal to solenoid (290), in order to allow a quantity of liquid ammonia from the ammonia storage chamber to move to the evaporator (255).
  • the processor computes the correct pulse width waveform (i.e.
  • pulse width, duty cycle and pulse frequency by either calculating this from a formula, or looking, up via the data look up table stored in its memory.
  • the pulse width required will depend on the vol me of ammonia to be dosed int the evaporator and the pressure of the liquid. The relationship between these variables for the particular solenoid ' used may be determined experimentall in advance and this data may be incorporated into the firmware running on the electronic processor. Either- very short pulse widths, or very infrequent pulsing of solenoid valve (290) may be used to reduce the flow of ammonia liquid into the evaporator, thus causing an increase in the liquid ammonia fluid level of the ammonia storage, and resulting in a corresponding reduction -in ammonia concentration in the absorber (265).
  • the processor may optionally also apply pulses of specific types to an optional solenoid valve (288 ) which may be placed between d e condenser and the ammonia storage. thus dosing either more or less liquid ammonia into the ammonia storage, as may be required i order to control the ammonia storage levels and corresponding ammonia concentration in the absorber (265)
  • the correct pulse widths, duty cycles and frequencies to apply for these various operations may be computed by the processor (380 - figure 3), using the pressure of the liquid and the amount of liquid to be passed. These operations result in a particular quantity of ammonia being stored in. liquid form in the storage area, thus removing a certain amount of ammonia from the refrigeration cycle. This in turn results in a reduced concentration of the ammonia/water solution , which in turn results in a lowering of the coolin temperature of the Evaporator.
  • This mechanism may be used to optimise both cooling temperature and cooling power of the refrigeration machine.
  • the present invention utilizes pulse width modulation to deliver precise quantities of liquid from one part of the machine 200 to another.
  • the inventions Electronic control system (300) is illustrated in the block diagram of Figure 3.
  • Pressure sensors (305), located in various parts of the absorption refrigeration machine, provide pressure data to the Electronic processor unit (380). This pressure data is used to optimize the operation of the Generator-absorber valve (325), the Condenser- Evaporator valve (330), the Absorber-Pre-diamher Valve (320) and other valves and actuators as may be used in variou embodiments of the present invention.
  • a computer memory (315) contains data relating to the correct pulse width modulation signal required for the solenoid valve t pass a particular volume of liquid, given a particular pressure.
  • this may be in the form of a database or "look up table", whereby the volume of liquid passed given a particular pulse width and pressure are stored in a table.
  • the relationship between the various variables determining the volume of fluid which is dispensed with varying solenoid coil pulse widths, voltages, duty cycles, pulse frequencies and fluid pressures are determined, experimentally for each solenoid valve in advance, and this data, is incorporated into the firmware running on the electronic processor. In other embodiments this may be
  • the electronic processor unit using, the various data galhered from the attached temperature, pressure and machine settings, is able to determine the optimum liquid volumes to be dosed from the Condenser to the
  • the electronic processor unit delivers the correct pulse width modulated signal to the solenoid valves to deliver this correct dosing.
  • Figure 5 shows an example of a pulse width modulated signal that may be used to energise solenoid valve.
  • the solenoid valve coil voltage is increased from Vciose to Vopen, and is held at this voltage for a period Tl.
  • the following pulse in Fig, 5 is of a longer duration T2. which would result in a higher volume of liquid being passed by the solenoid .
  • a series of shorter pulses may ⁇ be used to deliver the required volume of liquid, with the time spacing between pulses being varied according t the desired fluid flow.
  • a longer pulse width may be used instead to achieve the same effect.
  • Electronic processor unit (380) may also control the ammonia/water concentration mechanism of the invention, described previously, for example through activation of solenoid valves (335) and (340).
  • Processor 380 uses data from sensors to determine the operation of these valves, such sensors may include liquid level sensors, discrete ammonia concentration sensors, or pressure sensor and temperature sensor data, in which case the processor will compute an approximate ammonia/water concentration using a suitable mathematical formula.
  • Electronic processor unit (380) is also used to control the waste heat rejection- otherwise referred to as back-cooling apparatus (345).
  • Absorption refrigeration machines are heat driven hea pumps, and as such produce much waste heat which must be rejected. It is critically important that adequate levels of baek-coo!ing are maintained, both for efficiency of the refrigeration unit, and for the safe operation of same. In the event that back cooling is inadequate, it is important to stop the heating input to the Generator immediately.
  • Electronic processor (380) monitors Back cooling temperature via sensors (365), and also the flow of back-cooling liquid via flow sensors (355). In the event that inadequate flow or elevated temperature of back- cooling liquid occurs, the processor (380) will deactivate the hot water pump (350), or any other heating supply mechanism which may be supplying heating t the generator.
  • Processor (380) also monitors the Generator temperature via temperature sensors (370), and will automatically activate back-cooling apparatus (345) whenever the temperature exceeds a threshold value. This is regardless of the user settings or operation of the machine, Furthermore, processor (380) continuall monitors ambient temperatures, and may activate the back-cooling apparatus (345) whenever ambient temperature exceeds a threshold value, regardless of the user settings or operational state of the machine.
  • Processor (380) has a communications, interface (310), which provides user control and information.
  • interfaces may include, but are not limited to, front panel indicators and controls, web interfaces, remote control interfaces and remote data logging and supervisory controls.
  • FIG. 4 illustrates an alternative embodiment of the present invention.
  • System 400 is a refrigeration machine comprising a number of interconnected fluid operating devices, with System 400 controlled by an electronic controller connected to a number of sensors and solenoid valves.
  • the system is an absorption refrigerator, and the embodiment discussed uses ammonia as the refrigerant and water a the absorber, but any combination of refrigerant and absorber could just as well be utilized in an alternative embodiment of the present invention. The description will be limited to the example of an ammonia/water absorption cycle.
  • Devices to determine the presence or absence of a liquid level are used in System 400, these referred hereinafter as liquid level sensors.
  • Generator 1 (454) contains strong refrigerant/absorber solution. For example in the case of an ammonia water absorption machine, this is an ammonia/water solution. This solution is heated and boiled in Generator 1 (454), and the resulting ammonia gas passes through to a Condenser (450), where it is condensed to liquid ammonia. The remaining ammonia water mixture in Generator 1 (454) has a lower concentration of ammonia, since some of the ammonia has been boiled out of the solution.
  • Ammonia liquid which has condensed in. Condenser (450) passes through to a Condenser Store (448). where it forms a liquid level (482).
  • a convenient means of determining the liquid level is implemented in the Condenser Store (448), with the liquid level data being communicated to a central electronic controller.
  • the means of determining liquid level may consist of a number of discrete liquid level sensors placed linearly at different heights. This arrangement is illustrated as Liquid Level sensor L9 through L13 in Fig. 4.
  • the electronic controller sends pulse width modulation signals to Solenoid Valve SV4 (434) in order to allo liquid ammoni in the condenser store to pass through to the Evaporator (432). Since the Evaporator is at.
  • the electronic controller initiates the pulse width modulation (PWM) signals to Solenoid Valve SV4 in response to a particular liquid level being detected by the liquid level sensors.
  • PWM pulse width modulation
  • the electronic controller is user programmable and/or user selectable via a control interface, in order to determine the "set point" at which pulsing of S V4 should cease in. response to the ammonia liquid level falling to a particular level in the Condenser Store (448). This allows a user configurable amount of ammonia liquid to remain in storage in the Condenser Store (448), rather than the full amount of ammonia being circulated in the refrigeratio process.
  • absorption process as compared to other existing technologies, and this has many benefits.
  • This allows for a lower pressure in the evaporator for an equivalent back- cooling temperature, where back-cooling is the removal of heat from the absorber, usually to the ambient temperature.
  • back-cooling is the removal of heat from the absorber, usually to the ambient temperature.
  • absorption chillers require high Generator heating temperatures, in order to drive out sufficient ammonia gas in the Generator process to allow for sufficiently low concentrations of ammonia in the absorber. If ammoni concentrations in the Absorber are too high, then the pressures are too high and cooling at low temperatures is not possible.
  • System 400 achie ves the desired low concentration of ammonia in the Absorber, despite low heating temperatures, through the process of boiling the solution a second time in Generator 2 (455).
  • Liquid level sensor L8 (460) detects liquid level (470), thus allowing the controller to send PWM pulses to Solenoid Valve SV2 (466), thus allowing liquid to pass into Absorber 1 (430) according to the liquid level status in Generator 2 (455).
  • the ammonia water solution in Absorber 1 having low concentration of ammonia, readil absorbs the ammonia gas passing into Absorbe 1 (430) from the Evaporator (432). After absorbing the ammonia gas, stronger ammonia/water solution passes from. Absorber 1 (430) to Absorber Storage I (428).
  • the electronic controller initiates the action of the pressure Injector 1 (420 and 416), according to a detailed set of conditions being satisfied, ft initiates the action of the pressure Injector 1 by opening solenoid valve SV3 (424), which allows the pressure difference between Pressure Injector 1 - Feed (420) and Absorber Storage I (428) being equalized. Since Pressure Injector 1-Feed (420) is located at a. lower position in the machine, after the pressure has been equalized, solution runs from Absorber Storage 1. (428) to Pressure Injector 1 - Feed under the influence of gravity, via a one way valve (426).
  • the electronic controller's conditions for opening and closing the solenoid valve SV3 (424) are hereinafter referred to as the "Opening conditions” and “Closing conditions” respectivel .
  • the electronic controller may include a separate timer, dedicated to controlling Pressure Injector 1. The electronic controller repeatedly looks to see if the "Opening conditions” are satisfied, and if they are then SV3 (424) is opened, initiating the cycle for the Pressure Injector 1.
  • the Opening conditions for SV3 may include:
  • Liquid level sensor L3 (422) of Pressure Injector 1 - Feed (420) indicates a dr condition (no liquid present), and is thus ready to receive fluid.
  • Liquid level sensor L2 (410) of Absorber Storage 2 (41.1) indicates a dry condition (no liquid present), thus indicating that the second Pressure Injector is ready, and will not be overwhelmed with fluid from the first Pressure Injector.
  • the controller opens solenoid valve SV3 and liquid flows into Pressure Injector I - Feed (420), also referred to as "the pre- chamber”, via one way valve (426).
  • the electronic controller may reset the timer for Pressure Injector 1 at this point. Provision may optionally be mad to heat the liquid slightly in Pre-chambe (420), should this be advantageous to the thermodynamics of the system.
  • Pressure Injector 1 - Feed (420) is connected to Pressure injector 1 - Boiler (41.6), via a syphon mechanism. Once the liquid level in the chamber (420) reache the syphon's top point, it drains down into the boiler (416). Here it is heated, which results in steam pressure which drives all the liquid out to Absorber 2 (412) via a one way valve (414).
  • the solenoid valve SV3 remains open until such time as the Closing conditions are met.
  • the Closing conditions may include:
  • Liquid Level sensor L4 (418) of Pressure Injector 1 - Boiler (416) records a wet signal, indicating the presence of liquid forming a liquid level (478).
  • the Closing conditions may include an observation of a slight increase in pressure in Pressure Injector 1 - Boiler (416). This increase in pressure would indicate that the steam pressure had commenced pumpin the liquid into the Absorber 2 (412). Monitoring of pressure in chamber 416 would be achieved usin a suitable pressure measurement device, such as an electronic pressure transducer, or other suitable pressure sensor as would be known, to those skilled in the art.
  • Amnionia/W ater solution pumped into Absorber 2 (412) via one way valve (414) has its ammonia concentration fortified through the action of the additional ammonia gas expelled from Generator 2 (455).
  • the resultant very strong ammonia/water solution is then pumped back into Generator .1 (which operates at a higher pressure level) via Pressure Injector 2 apparatus (411, 475 and 402) and one way valve 458.
  • Pressure Injector 2 works under very similar principles as Pressure Injector 1.
  • the electronic controller controls Pressure Injector 2 by opening and closing Solenoid Valve S V5 (464), and does so. according to precise opening and closing conditions.
  • the electronic controller may have a dedicated timer specifically for controlling Pressure Injector 2.
  • the Opening conditions for SV5 may include:
  • T3 Greater than a specific (preset) amount of time (hereinafter referred t as. T3) has passed since the resetting of the timer, which occurred in Pressure Injector 2's previous cycle.
  • Liquid level sensor L5 (406) of Pressure Injector 2 - Feed (475) indicates a dry condition (no liquid present), and is thus ready to receive liquid.
  • Liquid level sensor LI. (41.0) of Absorber Storage 2 (41.1.) indicates a. wet condition (liquid is present), thus indicating that there is sufficient liquid available in the Absorber Storage 2 (411) to initiate a new pressure injection c cle of Pressure Injector 2,
  • the controller opens solenoid valve SV5 and liquid flows into Pressure Injector 2 - Feed (475), also referred to as "the pre- chamber”, via a one way valve (408).
  • the electronic controller may reset the timer for Pressure Injector 2 at this point. Provision may be made to pre-heat the liquid slightly in the Pre-chamber (475), which may assist in preventing premature boilin of the liquid before it reaches the Generator 1 (454).
  • Pressure Injector 2 - Feed (475) is connected to Pressure injector 2 - Boiler (402), via a syphon mechanism. Once the liquid level in chamber (475) reaches the syphon's top point, it drains down into the boiler (402). Here if is heated, which results in a steam pressure which drives all the liquid out to Generator 1 (454) via a one way valve (458).
  • the solenoid valve SV5 (464) remains open until such time as the Closing conditions are met.
  • the Closing conditions may include;
  • Liquid Level sensor L6 (404) of Pressure Injector 2 - Boiler (402) records a wet signal, indicating the presence of liquid forming a liquid level (476).
  • the Closing conditions may include an observation of a slight increase in pressure in Pressure Injector 2 - Boiler (402). This increase in pressure would indicate that the steam pressure had commenced pumping the liquid into Generator 1 (454).
  • Monitoring of pressure in chamber 402 would be achieved using a suitable pressure measurement device, such, as an electronic pressure transducer, or other suitable pressure sensor as would be known to those skilled in the art.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Sorption Type Refrigeration Machines (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un système et un appareil pour la commande électronique d'une machine de réfrigération par absorption. L'écoulement de liquides dans la machine, ainsi que la concentration de la solution de mélange réfrigérant/absorbant, sont commandés avec précision par utilisation d'électrovannes. Ces électrovannes sont commandées par l'intermédiaire d'un système de commande de microprocesseur ayant divers capteurs attachés, qui peuvent comprendre des capteurs de niveau de fluide, des capteurs de pression, des capteurs de température et d'autres capteurs de données environnementales.
PCT/AU2014/050270 2013-10-06 2014-10-07 Système et appareil pour commande électronique d'un système de réfrigération par absorption WO2015048858A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (3)

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US15/027,333 US20160252285A1 (en) 2013-10-06 2014-10-07 System and apparatus for electronic control of an absorption refrigeration system
CN201480059630.4A CN105723166A (zh) 2013-10-06 2014-10-07 用于吸收式制冷***的电子控制的***和设备
AU2014331539A AU2014331539A1 (en) 2013-10-06 2014-10-07 System and apparatus for electronic control of an absorption refrigeration system

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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AU2013903847 2013-10-06
AU2013903847A AU2013903847A0 (en) 2013-10-06 System and apparatus for electronic control of an absorption refrigeration system

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WO2017063929A1 (fr) * 2015-10-14 2017-04-20 Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft Procédé de fonctionnement d'un système de refroidissement et module d'un système de refroidissement
CN107906783A (zh) * 2017-11-13 2018-04-13 清华大学 一种储能制冷***及其控制方法

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US9982931B2 (en) * 2015-04-28 2018-05-29 Rocky Research Systems and methods for controlling refrigeration cycles of sorption reactors based on recuperation time
US10584903B2 (en) * 2017-03-06 2020-03-10 Rocky Research Intelligent cooling system
JP6992234B2 (ja) * 2017-07-27 2022-01-13 学校法人八戸工業大学 吸収冷凍機における液組成計測装置及び液組成計測方法
CN110914545B (zh) * 2017-07-28 2022-11-01 开利公司 润滑供应***
EP3964770A1 (fr) * 2020-09-08 2022-03-09 AGO GmbH Energie + Anlagen Pompe à chaleur à absorption et processus de circuit à absorption

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US6332328B1 (en) * 1999-04-14 2001-12-25 Heliotherm Solartechnik Ges.M.B.H. Absorption heat pump and process for operation of an absorption heat pump
US20030192330A1 (en) * 2002-04-16 2003-10-16 Paul Sarkisian Apparatus and method for weak liquor flow control in aqua-ammonia absorption cycles

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US6718792B1 (en) * 2000-01-05 2004-04-13 Rocky Research Integrated aqua-ammonia chiller/heater
US6487875B1 (en) * 2000-08-03 2002-12-03 Rocky Research Aqua-ammonia absorption system generator utilizing structured packing
CN101424461A (zh) * 2008-09-16 2009-05-06 李智虎 浓度自适应型氨水吸收式制冷机
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US3138938A (en) * 1962-12-20 1964-06-30 Montcalm Inc Absorption refrigeration apparatus
US6332328B1 (en) * 1999-04-14 2001-12-25 Heliotherm Solartechnik Ges.M.B.H. Absorption heat pump and process for operation of an absorption heat pump
US20030192330A1 (en) * 2002-04-16 2003-10-16 Paul Sarkisian Apparatus and method for weak liquor flow control in aqua-ammonia absorption cycles

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2017063929A1 (fr) * 2015-10-14 2017-04-20 Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft Procédé de fonctionnement d'un système de refroidissement et module d'un système de refroidissement
US10858560B2 (en) 2015-10-14 2020-12-08 Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft Method for operating a refrigeration system and assembly of a refrigeration system
CN107906783A (zh) * 2017-11-13 2018-04-13 清华大学 一种储能制冷***及其控制方法

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CN105723166A (zh) 2016-06-29
US20160252285A1 (en) 2016-09-01

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