WO2015048099A1 - Gestion de post-traitement de réduction catalytique sélective pour atténuer les événements de glissement - Google Patents

Gestion de post-traitement de réduction catalytique sélective pour atténuer les événements de glissement Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2015048099A1
WO2015048099A1 PCT/US2014/057167 US2014057167W WO2015048099A1 WO 2015048099 A1 WO2015048099 A1 WO 2015048099A1 US 2014057167 W US2014057167 W US 2014057167W WO 2015048099 A1 WO2015048099 A1 WO 2015048099A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
reductant
scr catalyst
amount
temperature excursion
response
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US2014/057167
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Yuetao Zhang
Neal W. Currier
Mahesh Madurai KUMAR
Morgan Mackenzie ANDREAE
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Cummins Inc.
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Cummins Inc. filed Critical Cummins Inc.
Publication of WO2015048099A1 publication Critical patent/WO2015048099A1/fr

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
    • F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
    • F01N3/2066—Selective catalytic reduction [SCR]
    • F01N3/208—Control of selective catalytic reduction [SCR], e.g. dosing of reducing agent
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W20/00—Control systems specially adapted for hybrid vehicles
    • B60W20/10—Controlling the power contribution of each of the prime movers to meet required power demand
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W20/00—Control systems specially adapted for hybrid vehicles
    • B60W20/10—Controlling the power contribution of each of the prime movers to meet required power demand
    • B60W20/15—Control strategies specially adapted for achieving a particular effect
    • B60W20/16—Control strategies specially adapted for achieving a particular effect for reducing engine exhaust emissions
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
    • F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
    • F01N3/2006—Periodically heating or cooling catalytic reactors, e.g. at cold starting or overheating
    • F01N3/2013—Periodically heating or cooling catalytic reactors, e.g. at cold starting or overheating using electric or magnetic heating means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W2510/00—Input parameters relating to a particular sub-units
    • B60W2510/08—Electric propulsion units
    • B60W2510/083—Torque
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W2530/00—Input parameters relating to vehicle conditions or values, not covered by groups B60W2510/00 or B60W2520/00
    • B60W2530/12—Catalyst or filter state
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W2710/00—Output or target parameters relating to a particular sub-units
    • B60W2710/06—Combustion engines, Gas turbines
    • B60W2710/0694—Engine exhaust temperature
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60Y—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO ASPECTS CROSS-CUTTING VEHICLE TECHNOLOGY
    • B60Y2300/00—Purposes or special features of road vehicle drive control systems
    • B60Y2300/47—Engine emissions
    • B60Y2300/476—Regeneration of particle filters
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2610/00—Adding substances to exhaust gases
    • F01N2610/02—Adding substances to exhaust gases the substance being ammonia or urea
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2900/00—Details of electrical control or of the monitoring of the exhaust gas treating apparatus
    • F01N2900/06—Parameters used for exhaust control or diagnosing
    • F01N2900/0601—Parameters used for exhaust control or diagnosing being estimated
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2900/00—Details of electrical control or of the monitoring of the exhaust gas treating apparatus
    • F01N2900/06—Parameters used for exhaust control or diagnosing
    • F01N2900/08—Parameters used for exhaust control or diagnosing said parameters being related to the engine
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2900/00—Details of electrical control or of the monitoring of the exhaust gas treating apparatus
    • F01N2900/06—Parameters used for exhaust control or diagnosing
    • F01N2900/12—Parameters used for exhaust control or diagnosing said parameters being related to the vehicle exterior
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2900/00—Details of electrical control or of the monitoring of the exhaust gas treating apparatus
    • F01N2900/06—Parameters used for exhaust control or diagnosing
    • F01N2900/16—Parameters used for exhaust control or diagnosing said parameters being related to the exhaust apparatus, e.g. particulate filter or catalyst
    • F01N2900/1602—Temperature of exhaust gas apparatus
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2900/00—Details of electrical control or of the monitoring of the exhaust gas treating apparatus
    • F01N2900/06—Parameters used for exhaust control or diagnosing
    • F01N2900/16—Parameters used for exhaust control or diagnosing said parameters being related to the exhaust apparatus, e.g. particulate filter or catalyst
    • F01N2900/1616—NH3-slip from catalyst
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2900/00—Details of electrical control or of the monitoring of the exhaust gas treating apparatus
    • F01N2900/06—Parameters used for exhaust control or diagnosing
    • F01N2900/16—Parameters used for exhaust control or diagnosing said parameters being related to the exhaust apparatus, e.g. particulate filter or catalyst
    • F01N2900/1622—Catalyst reducing agent absorption capacity or consumption amount
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A50/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE in human health protection, e.g. against extreme weather
    • Y02A50/20—Air quality improvement or preservation, e.g. vehicle emission control or emission reduction by using catalytic converters
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies

Definitions

  • SCR selective catalytic reduction
  • An SCR catalyst is a dynamic component that adsorbs reductant (e.g. NH 3 ) and NO x from the exhaust gas, and reacts the reductant with the NO x to reduce the NO x .
  • reductant e.g. NH 3
  • the amount of NH 3 storage depends upon the temperature of the catalyst, and the NO x conversion capacity of the catalyst depends upon the temperature, the amount of NH 3 stored on the catalyst, and/or the flow rate of NO x and exhaust gases through the catalyst.
  • rapid temperature excursions of the exhaust gas can cause undesirable operations of the SCR catalyst, such as slip of ammonia or NO x through the tail pipe. Accordingly, further improvements in this technology area are needed.
  • Thermal event indication includes an expected temperature excursion that is anticipated based on an analysis of at least one of operating conditions, operator inputs, and route conditions.
  • An estimate of the amount of ammonia to be released from the SCR catalyst in response to the anticipated temperature excursion is determined from an ammonia storage condition of the SCR catalyst.
  • Appropriate mitigation measures are taken in response to the anticipated temperature excursion and ammonia amount to be released to minimize the slip of ammonia and/or NO x from the tailpipe, thus improving SCR conversion efficiency.
  • Fig. 1 is an exemplary system for slip control of an SCR aftertreatment system.
  • Fig. 2 is an exemplary controller for executing operations for mitigating slip events in an SCR aftertreatment system.
  • Fig. 3 is a flow diagram of a procedure to mitigate slip events associated with an SCR catalyst.
  • the system 100 includes an internal combustion engine 102 that drives an output shaft to, for example, propel a vehicle.
  • Engine 102 produces exhaust gases including NO x , and provides the exhaust gases to an exhaust conduit 109.
  • the exhaust gases may be provided by any type of internal combustion engine, including a diesel engine.
  • one or more electrical devices 103 are provided with system 100.
  • Electrical device 103 can be connected to the output shaft of the engine 102 and to a drive shaft (not shown) connected to the wheels of the vehicle, or separately connected to the drive shaft with a second output shaft, to propel the vehicle, either alone or in combination with power output from engine 102.
  • Electrical device 103 can receive power from an energy storage device 1 05, which may include one or more batteries.
  • the vehicle is operable to generate electricity that is stored by energy storage device 105 under certain operating conditions, and to use energy from energy storage device 105 to propel or assist in propelling the vehicle under certain other operating conditions.
  • the energy storage device 105 is maintained above a minimum state-of-charge (SOC) and below a maximum SOC, or within a fixed or dynamic range of a target SOC, to maintain energy storage device 105 within desired operating and/or protective limits.
  • SOC state-of-charge
  • the system 100 further includes a first SCR catalyst 108 fluidly coupled to the exhaust conduit 109.
  • the first SCR catalyst 108 is illustrated downstream of a diesel oxidation catalyst (DOC) 104 and a diesel particulate filter (DPF) 106. Any of these components may be present or missing, catalyzed or not catalyzed, and may be arranged in alternate order. Further, certain components or all components may be provided in the same or separate housings.
  • DOC diesel oxidation catalyst
  • DPF diesel particulate filter
  • the system 100 may further include a second SCR catalyst 1 10 fluidly coupled to the exhaust conduit 109 at a position downstream of the first SCR catalyst 108.
  • the system 100 includes a mid-bed ammonia sensor 122a operationally coupled to the exhaust stream at a position between the first SCR catalyst 108 and the second SCR catalyst 1 10.
  • the first SCR catalyst 108 and the second SCR catalyst 1 10 may occur within the same catalyst brick, with the position of the ammonia sensor 122a defining the separation point or mid-bed between the first SCR catalyst 108 and the second SCR catalyst 1 10.
  • an SCR-out ammonia sensor 122b may be provided
  • ammonia sensors 122a, 122b may be any type understood in the art, including virtual sensors.
  • system 100 may include an exhaust heater 107 upstream of SCR catalyst 108, 1 10 that is operable to increase a temperature of the exhaust gas from engine 1 02.
  • exhaust heater 107 is integrated with SCR catalyst 108, 1 10 to heat the catalyst material or the exhaust in the SCR catalyst 108, 1 10.
  • Exhaust heater 1 07 can be connected to energy storage device 105 to receive electrical power for heating of the exhaust gases or catalyst.
  • Exhaust heater 107 may also be connected to electrical device 103 if electrical device 1 03 is also a generating device, or to a separate electrical energy generator device (not shown.)
  • the slip control operations of the controller 124 may be present in any system 100 having NO x aftertreatment and a NO x treatment catalyst.
  • the NO x treatment catalyst may include a single element, multiple elements, and/or one or more branches or bypasses of the exhaust gases.
  • the system 100 further includes a reductant doser 1 14 operationally coupled to the exhaust conduit at a position upstream of the first SCR catalyst 108.
  • the reductant doser 1 14 is fluidly coupled to a reductant source such as a reductant storage tank 1 16.
  • the reductant is any type of reductant utilized in an SCR aftertreatment system that results in ammonia being utilized as the final reductant - including at least ammonia (gaseous or aqueous) and urea.
  • Certain operations described herein apply to NO x reduction generally and are not specific to SCR systems. Where the NO x reduction operations are not specific to SCR systems, hydrocarbon or other reductants may be utilized.
  • the system 100 may include an ammonia oxidation (AMOX) catalyst 1 12 downstream of the second SCR catalyst 1 10, or after a last one of the SCR catalysts 108, 1 10.
  • AMOX catalyst 1 12 may not be present, or the AMOX catalyst 1 12 may be commingled with the second SCR catalyst 1 10 (or the last SCR catalyst, where multiple SCR catalysts are present), for example with a washcoat applied toward the rear portion of the second SCR catalyst 1 10 that is responsive to at least partially oxidize ammonia.
  • Ammonia sensor 122b is shown upstream of AMOX catalyst 122b, but alternatively may be provided downstream of AMOX catalyst 122b.
  • the exemplary system 100 may further include various other sensors.
  • the illustrated sensors include a first NO x sensor 1 18a positioned upstream of the first SCR catalyst 108, a second NO x sensor 1 18b positioned downstream of the second SCR catalyst 1 10, a first temperature sensor 120a positioned between the SCR catalysts 108, 1 10, and a second temperature sensor 120b positioned downstream of the AMOX catalyst 1 12.
  • the illustrated sensors are exemplary only, and may be re-positioned, removed, substituted, and other sensors may be present that are not illustrated in Fig. 1 .
  • Certain embodiments of the system do not include either a NO x sensor 1 1 8a upstream of the first SCR catalyst 108 or a second NO x sensor 1 1 8b downstream of the second SCR catalyst 1 10, or do not include either of these NO x sensors.
  • a mid-bed NO x sensor 1 18c can be provided between catalysts 108, 1 10 and/or a DOC-out NOx sensor 1 1 8d can be provided at the outlet of DOC 104.
  • NOx and/or temperature sensors may be virtual sensors that are calculated from other parameters available to the system, or certain sensors may be values that would be indicated by sensors but that are supplied to a computer readable memory location, via a datalink or network communication, or otherwise made available to the system where the sensor providing the sensed parameter is not a part of the defined system 100.
  • the system 100 further includes a controller 124 structured to perform certain operations to provide slip control of ammonia and NO x in from SCR catalyst 108, 1 10.
  • the controller 124 forms a portion of a processing subsystem including one or more computing devices having memory, processing, and communication hardware.
  • the controller 124 may be a single device or a distributed device, and the functions of the controller may be performed by hardware or software.
  • the controller 124 may be in communication with any sensor, actuator, datalink, and/or network in the system 100.
  • the controller 124 includes one or more modules structured to functionally execute the operations of the controller 124.
  • the controller 124 includes an NH 3 target module, a dosing control module, an NH 3 storage module, a thermal event anticipation module, and a slip mitigation module.
  • the description herein including modules emphasizes the structural independence of the aspects of the controller, and illustrates one grouping of operations and responsibilities of the controller. Other groupings that execute similar overall operations are understood within the scope of the present application. Modules may be implemented in hardware and/or software on computer readable medium, and modules may be distributed across various hardware or software components. More specific descriptions of certain embodiments of controller operations are included in the section referencing Fig. 2.
  • control operations of the controller 124 in Fig. 2 include operations that adjust nominal control operations for a NO x aftertreatment system utilizing a reductant.
  • Nominal control operations for a NO aftertreatment system, including an SCR aftertreatment system, are understood in the art and are not described further herein. Any nominal NO x aftertreatment control operations may be utilized.
  • controller 124 includes an NH 3 target module 200 that interprets a reductant amount target 202 that is a target amount of reductant in the exhaust conduit 109 at a position upstream of a NO x reduction catalyst.
  • the NO x reduction catalyst is SCR catalyst 108, 1 10 and the reductant is NH 3 or a precursor (e.g. urea).
  • the NH 3 target module 200 interprets the reductant amount target 202 in response to an ANR target 204 and an incoming NO x amount 206 to SCR catalyst 108, 1 10.
  • the incoming NO x amount 206 may be determined from a NO x sensor as discussed above in system 100 , a model, or brought in as a data parameter from another system or controller.
  • the NH 3 target module 200 may further interpret the reductant amount target 202 in response to an exhaust mass flow rate 208, a catalyst space velocity 210, and/or a catalyst temperature 212.
  • the controller 124 further includes a dosing control module 214 that provides a reductant doser command 216 in response to the reductant amount target 202.
  • Dosing control module 214 further interprets an injected NH 3 amount 21 8 from the reductant amount target 202 that is injected into the exhaust conduit in response to reductant doser command 216.
  • the controller 124 further includes an NH 3 storage module 220 that provides a determination and/or estimate of the NH 3 storage amount 224 stored on the SCR catalyst 108, 1 10.
  • SCR-out ammonia sensor 122b tracks an NH 3 amount 222 leaving SCR catalyst 108, 1 10 and determines an estimate of the NH 3 storage amount 224 stored on SCR catalyst 108, 1 1 0 from the difference between an ammonia release amount indicated by SCR-out ammonia sensor 122b and mid-bed ammonia sensor 122a.
  • NH 3 storage module 220 interprets the injected NH 3 amount 21 8 entering SCR catalyst 108, 1 10 and determines an NH 3 storage amount 224 in response to SCR catalyst temperature 212, incoming NO x amount 206, NH 3 concentration and other parameters. Based on the NH 3 storage amount 224, an NH 3 release estimate 226 in response to a temperature excursion of SCR catalyst 108, 1 10 can be determined.
  • NH release estimate 226 corresponds to an amount of ammonia that is estimated to be released from SCR catalyst 108, 1 10 but not measured by mid-bed ammonia sensor 122a in response to a thermal event. It has been observed by the inventors in testing data that ammonia stored in an SCR catalyst can shift in location on the SCR catalyst during a thermal event, such as when an engine rapidly shifts from a low load condition to a high load condition. During such a thermal event, which indicates a rapid temperature excursion of the SCR catalyst, the ammonia stored on SCR catalyst 108 upstream of mid- bed ammonia sensor 122a is released at a rate that depends on a start temperature and an end temperature of the SCR catalyst.
  • the SCR catalyst 108, 1 10 can be saturated with ammonia.
  • the temperature of SCR catalyst 108, 1 10 also rises.
  • the ammonia storage capability of SCR catalyst 108, 1 10 is limited. Therefore, a significant amount of ammonia is released from SCR catalyst 108, 1 10 during the temperature excursion.
  • mid-bed ammonia sensor 122a can be used to provide feedback control of the reductant amount target 202 based on the ammonia released from the front SCR catalyst 108, such feedback control may not be effective in mitigating ammonia slip during rapid temperature excursions of SCR catalyst 108, 1 1 0.
  • the inventors have observed a phase lag between the ammonia amount at the mid-bed location of SCR catalyst 1 08, 1 10 and the ammonia amount at the outlet of SCR catalyst 1 10.
  • the phase lag is caused by the front or upstream side of the catalyst 108 increasing in temperature before the rear or downstream side of SCR catalyst 1 10.
  • a fraction of the ammonia released by the front side SCR catalyst 108 is stored again by the rear side SCR catalyst 1 10.
  • the controller 124 further includes a thermal event anticipation module 228 that detects a thermal event that indicates an expected temperature excursion of SCR catalyst 108, 1 10 and provides a thermal event indicator 230.
  • Thermal event anticipation module 228 interprets one or more of a throttle position 232, GPS data 234, engine operating conditions 236, and catalyst temperature 212.
  • data related to the catalyst temperature 212 can be analyzed to provide a catalyst temperature trend analysis 238 that indicates a temperature trend associated with the catalyst temperature.
  • Thermal event anticipation module 228 interprets the catalyst temperature trend analysis 238 and provides thermal event indicator 230 in response to an anticipated temperature excursion for SCR catalyst 108, 1 1 0 indicated by the analysis, such as rapidly increasing catalyst temperature from a low temperature range toward a high temperature range.
  • data related to engine operating conditions 236 can be used to provide an operator behavior trend analysis 240 and/or an engine operating conditions analysis 242 that indicate trends associated with the operator behavior and/or operating conditions.
  • Thermal event anticipation module 228 interprets the operator behavior trend analysis 240 and/or engine operating conditions analysis 242 and provides thermal event indicator 230 in response to an anticipated temperature excursion for SCR catalyst 108, 1 10 indicated by the analysis, such as rapidly increasing torque requests or torque demands or other behaviors or operating conditions that are expected to increase exhaust temperature rapidly.
  • data related to throttle position 232 can be used to provide a throttle position trend analysis 244 that indicates trends associated with throttle positioning.
  • Thermal event anticipation module 228 interprets the throttle position trend analysis and provides thermal event indicator 230 in response to an anticipated temperature excursion for SCR catalyst 108, 1 10 indicated by the analysis, such as throttle positions that indicate rapidly increasing torque requests or torque demands that increase exhaust temperature rapidly.
  • GPS data 236 can be used to provide a route conditions analysis 246 that indicates conditions of the route of the vehicle.
  • Thermal event anticipation module 228 interprets the route conditions analysis 246 and provides thermal event indicator 230 in response to an anticipated temperature excursion for SCR catalyst 108, 1 10 indicated by the analysis, such as an upcoming road grade increase.
  • Controller 124 further includes a slip mitigation module 248 that interprets the thermal event indicator 230 and NH 3 release estimate 226, and outputs a slip mitigation command 250 that mitigates the slip of ammonia from SCR catalyst 108, 1 10 in response to the anticipated temperature excursion.
  • slip mitigation module 248 interprets the reductant dosing command 216 and outputs a slip mitigation command 250 that provides a modified reductant doser command 216 that reduces the amount of reductant to be injected into the exhaust stream before the temperature excursion begins or is completed.
  • the modified reductant doser command 216 provides a reduced amount of reductant that is offset by the excess ammonia that is re-stored and re-released by rear SCR catalyst 1 10 during the temperature excursion.
  • slip mitigation module 248 interprets the reductant injection timing 252 and outputs a slip mitigation command 250 that delays the reductant injection timing before and during the temperature excursion to delay the timing of the reductant amount supplied to the SCR catalyst.
  • slip mitigation module 248 interprets a variable geometry turbine (VGT) position 254 and outputs a slip mitigation command 250 that modulates the VGT position to decrease the rate of temperature increase of the exhaust gas, and thus slows the expected rate of the expected temperature excursion.
  • VGT variable geometry turbine
  • control commands to reduce the rate of the temperature excursion during the thermal event, such as retarding fuel injection timing, modulating intake throttle position, and increasing cooling of the charge flow, for example.
  • the specific magnitudes and adjustment functions of the doser and/or actuators are control selections for a particular system.
  • slip mitigation command 250 can include operating an electrical device 103 in response to a thermal event indicator 230 and NH 3 release estimate 226 to satisfy at least a part of the torque demand until the thermal event is concluded or the SCR catalyst 108, 1 10 temperature has increased sufficiently to mitigate ammonia slip due to the temperature excursion.
  • slip mitigation module 248 interprets a battery SOC 256 and determines a slip mitigation command 250 that can include a command to temporarily modify the SOC target or SOC limits of energy storage device 105 in response to a thermal event indicator 230 so that electrical device 103 can operate to reduce the rate of the temperature excursion or control the rate of increase in temperature of SCR catalyst 108, 1 10 during the thermal event even if, under other operating conditions, the SOC target or limits would otherwise prevent operation of electrical device 103 with power from energy storage device 105.
  • slip mitigation command 250 can include a command to activate exhaust heater 107, which can also receive power from energy storage device 105 and/or electrical device 103, in response to a thermal event indicator 230 to modulate the exhaust temperature in a more direct manner before the thermal event to avoid a rapid increase in the temperature of SCR catalyst 108, 1 10.
  • the exhaust heater 107 can heat the exhaust upstream of SCR catalyst 108, 1 10 or heat the catalyst directly.
  • an exemplary procedure 300 includes an operation 302 to interpret or determine an NH 3 storage amount on the SCR catalyst 108, 1 10.
  • the NH storage amount can be determined by a virtual sensor or any estimation technique.
  • Procedure 300 continues at operation 304 to determine a thermal event indicator.
  • the thermal event indicator provides an anticipator of a thermal event associated with the SCR catalyst 108, 1 10 in which a temperature excursion will result that releases NH 3 in a manner that is not accounted for by mid-bed ammonia sensor 122a.
  • procedure 300 includes an operation 306 to determine an NH 3 release estimate.
  • the NH 3 release estimate is determined from the amount of NH 3 stored on SCR catalyst 108, 1 10 and the fraction of NH 3 that will be released from the front of SCR catalyst 108, 1 10 and re-stored on the rear of SCR catalyst 108, 1 10 and subsequently released during the thermal event.
  • the NH 3 release estimate can be based on, for example, look-up tables, operating maps or algorithms developed during testing.
  • procedure 300 includes an operation 308 to mitigate NH 3 slip.
  • Mitigation of NH 3 slip can include any one or combination of a modification in the amount and timing of reductant injection before the temperature excursion to offset the release of NH 3 , the operation of actuators that control operating parameters of the engine or exhaust system to reduce the rate of the temperature excursion and resulting increase in catalyst temperature, and operations that provide a more stable increase in the temperature of the SCR catalyst.
  • mitigation of NH 3 slip can include operating the electrical device to satisfy at least part of the torque request before the temperature excursion to reduce the expected rate of the temperature excursion, and modifying SOC targets or limits of an energy storage device that powers the electrical device during the thermal event to reduce the expected rate of the temperature excursion.
  • an exhaust heater can be provided that is operated by the energy storage device and/or an electrical generating device to modulate the SCR catalyst temperature in a controlled manner and reduce the rate of the temperature excursion.
  • the exemplary procedure further includes an operation to anticipate a thermal event as an event that is expected to cause a change in an ammonia storage capacity of the SCR catalyst and provide a thermal event indicator.
  • anticipating the thermal event includes determining an imminent temperature change event in the SCR catalyst. Determining an imminent temperature change event can include analyzing catalyst temperature trends, analyzing operator behavior and/or throttle position in conjunction with current operating conditions, analyzing engine operating conditions, and analyzing route conditions from GPS data.
  • An exemplary system includes an internal combustion engine, an exhaust conduit fluidly coupled to the internal combustion engine, and an SCR catalyst fluidly coupled to the exhaust conduit.
  • the system further includes a reductant doser operationally coupled to the exhaust conduit at a position upstream of the SCR catalyst, and a controller configured to determine a thermal event indicator that anticipates a temperature excursion of the SCR catalyst and an estimate of an NH 3 amount to be released from the SCR catalyst as a result of the temperature excursion.
  • the controller is further configured to mitigate slip of NH 3 from the SCR catalyst by controlling operations to reduce at least one or the reductant amount supplied to the SCR catalyst and the rate of the temperature excursion of the SCR catalyst in response to the thermal event.
  • Exemplary and non-limiting examples of anticipating a thermal event and providing a thermal event indicator in response thereto include detecting a temperature increase in an exhaust stream, in an SCR catalyst, and/or in a component or temperature sensor positioned upstream of the SCR catalyst.
  • Another example includes detecting a parameter indicative of an imminent temperature increase in the SCR catalyst, including a temperature change upstream of the SCR catalyst, a change in a torque or power request input to an engine (e.g. an accelerator pedal position change, governor switch, and/or engine controls torque reference value), a system load increase determination, and/or a determination that a vehicle including the SCR catalyst has entered or is approaching an increased grade.
  • Another example includes detecting that an exhaust mass flow rate is increasing, that an imminent increase in the exhaust mass flow rate is present due to a change in a torque or power request input to an engine, a vehicle launch indication (e.g. according to a clutch pedal position or engine speed to vehicle speed correlation), an engine speed change, and/or a turbocharger operating conditions change (speed, bypass or wastegate position, and/or variable geometry position).
  • a vehicle launch indication e.g. according to a clutch pedal position or engine speed to vehicle speed correlation
  • an engine speed change e.g. according to a clutch pedal position or engine speed to vehicle speed correlation
  • a turbocharger operating conditions change speed, bypass or wastegate position, and/or variable geometry position
  • a method includes receiving an exhaust flow into an exhaust conduit; interpreting a reductant storage amount of a reductant stored by a SCR catalyst in an exhaust conduit; detecting a thermal event indicator of an expected temperature excursion of the SCR catalyst, the temperature excursion being an event that is expected to release at least part of the reductant stored by the SCR catalyst by reducing a reductant storage capacity of the SCR catalyst; and in response to the thermal event indicator, initiating reductant slip mitigation measures before the temperature excursion begins to mitigate a slip of the reductant from the catalyst.
  • the method further includes estimating an amount of reductant to be released from the reductant stored by the SCR catalyst in response to the expected temperature excursion and initiating the reductant slip mitigation measures in response to the estimated amount.
  • the method includes interpreting a reductant amount target comprising a target amount of reductant in the exhaust conduit at a position upstream of the SCR catalyst and providing a reductant doser command in response to the reductant amount target before detecting the thermal event indicator.
  • Initiating reductant slip mitigation measures includes modifying the reductant dosing command in response to the amount of reductant to be released in response to the expected temperature excursion.
  • detecting the thermal event indicator includes analyzing SCR catalyst temperature trend data. In another embodiment, detecting the thermal event indicator includes. In yet another embodiment, detecting the thermal event indicator includes analyzing throttle position trend data; analyzing route conditions data; and analyzing operating conditions data.
  • initiating reductant slip mitigation measures includes operating an electrical device to reduce a load on an engine producing an exhaust gas that is delivered to the SCR catalyst by the exhaust conduit and operating the electrical device decreases a rate of the expected temperature excursion.
  • operating the electrical device includes supplying energy to the electrical device from an electrical energy storage device.
  • the method includes modifying a state of charge target of the electrical energy storage device to maintain operation of the electrical device until the expected amount of reductant to be released is less than a threshold amount.
  • initiating reductant slip mitigation measures includes operating an exhaust heater to decrease a rate of the expected temperature excursion.
  • operating the exhaust heater includes supplying electrical energy to the exhaust heater from an energy storage device.
  • a method includes operating an engine to produce an exhaust flow in an exhaust conduit; interpreting a reductant amount target comprising a target amount of reductant in an exhaust conduit at a position upstream of an SCR catalyst; interpreting a reductant storage amount of the SCR catalyst; detecting a thermal event associated with an expected temperature excursion of the SCR catalyst; and, in response to the thermal event and the reductant storage amount, decreasing a rate of the expected temperature excursion associated with the SCR catalyst.
  • the expected temperature excursion causes a change in reductant storage capacity of the SCR catalyst.
  • detecting the thermal event comprises determining an imminent temperature change event of the SCR catalyst.
  • decreasing the rate of the expected temperature excursion includes decreasing a temperature of an exhaust flow into the exhaust conduit.
  • decreasing the rate of the expected temperature excursion includes operating an electrical motor device to satisfy at least part of a torque request of the engine.
  • decreasing the rate of the expected temperature excursion includes operating an electrical heating device to heat the SCR catalyst.
  • a system includes an internal combustion engine and an exhaust conduit fluidly coupled to the internal combustion engine.
  • the system further includes an SCR catalyst fluidly coupled to the exhaust conduit and a reductant doser operationally coupled to the exhaust conduit at a position upstream of the SCR catalyst.
  • the reductant doser responsive to a reductant doser command to provide reductant into the exhaust conduit.
  • the system also includes a controller that includes an ammonia storage module structured to interpret an ammonia storage amount of the SCR catalyst, a thermal event anticipation module structured to detect an expected temperature excursion of the SCR catalyst and to provide a thermal event indicator in response to the expected temperature excursion and the ammonia storage amount, and a slip mitigation module structured to provide a slip mitigation command in response to the thermal event indicator.
  • the thermal event anticipation module is structured to interpret at least one of an SCR catalyst temperature trend, a throttle position trend, an operator behavior trend, and a route condition to detect the expected temperature excursion.
  • the ammonia storage module is structured to interpret the ammonia storage amount in response to at least one of an injected ammonia amount into the exhaust conduit and an ammonia amount outlet from the SCR catalyst.
  • the slip mitigation command reduces a reductant amount supplied by the reductant doser command in response to the thermal event indicator. In yet another embodiment, the slip mitigation command reduces a rate of the expected temperature excursion in response to the thermal event indicator.
  • the system includes an electrical device operable to produce a drive torque, and the slip mitigation command operates the electrical device in conjunction with the internal combustion engine to reduce the rate of the expected temperature excursion.
  • the electrical device is connected to an energy storage device, and the slip mitigation command further modifies a target state of charge of the energy storage device in response to the thermal event indicator.
  • the system includes an electrical heating device operable to heat the SCR catalyst, and the slip mitigation command operates the electrical heating device to reduce the rate of the expected temperature excursion.
  • the electrical device is connected to an energy storage device that powers the electrical heating device during the temperature excursion event.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Exhaust Gas After Treatment (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un système comprenant un moteur à combustion interne, un conduit d'échappement couplé fluidiquement au moteur à combustion interne et un catalyseur de réduction catalytique sélective, et un doseur de réducteur couplé d'une manière opérationnelle au conduit d'échappement au niveau d'une position en amont du catalyseur de réduction catalytique sélective. Certains modes de réalisation comprennent un dispositif électrique pour aider à fournir la puissance motrice et un dispositif de stockage d'énergie. Le système comprend un dispositif de commande conçu pour anticiper un événement de variation de température associé au catalyseur de réduction catalytique sélective et commander des opérations pour atténuer le glissement d'ammoniac du catalyseur de réduction catalytique sélective en conséquence de l'événement de variation de température.
PCT/US2014/057167 2013-09-25 2014-09-24 Gestion de post-traitement de réduction catalytique sélective pour atténuer les événements de glissement WO2015048099A1 (fr)

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CN107923296A (zh) * 2015-08-27 2018-04-17 斯堪尼亚商用车有限公司 将添加剂第一和第二供给到内燃机排气流的方法和***
FR3076854A1 (fr) * 2018-01-12 2019-07-19 Psa Automobiles Sa Procede de controle d’un systeme de reduction selective catalytique
EP3511540A1 (fr) * 2018-01-12 2019-07-17 PSA Automobiles SA Procédé de contrôle d'un système de réduction sélective catalytique
FR3081507A1 (fr) * 2018-05-23 2019-11-29 Psa Automobiles Sa Procede et superviseur d’activation / desactivation de chauffage dans un systeme scr chauffe electriquement
US11440528B2 (en) 2018-07-27 2022-09-13 Cummins Inc. Systems and methods for managing aftertreatment systems
EP3611362A3 (fr) * 2018-07-27 2020-07-29 Cummins, Inc. Pilotage des systèmes de post-traitement des gaz d'échappement
WO2020078787A1 (fr) * 2018-10-15 2020-04-23 Vitesco Technologies GmbH Procédé d'injection d'urée dans un système de gaz d'échappement d'un moteur à combustion interne
AT523689A1 (de) * 2020-04-08 2021-10-15 Avl List Gmbh Kraftfahrzeug mit einem Abgasnachbehandlungssystem mit wenigstens zwei
AT523689B1 (de) * 2020-04-08 2023-02-15 Avl List Gmbh Kraftfahrzeug mit einem Abgasnachbehandlungssystem mit wenigstens zwei SCR-Katalysatoren und Verfahren zum Betreiben eines solchen Kraftfahrzeugs
EP4023865A1 (fr) * 2021-01-04 2022-07-06 Paccar Inc Contrôle prédictif de libération d'ammoniac
US11434800B2 (en) 2021-01-04 2022-09-06 Paccar Inc Predictive ammonia release control
US11655744B2 (en) 2021-01-04 2023-05-23 Paccar Inc Predictive ammonia release control

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