WO2014206951A1 - Dispositif de chauffage électrique et procédé permettant de produire un dispositif de chauffage électrique - Google Patents
Dispositif de chauffage électrique et procédé permettant de produire un dispositif de chauffage électrique Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2014206951A1 WO2014206951A1 PCT/EP2014/063207 EP2014063207W WO2014206951A1 WO 2014206951 A1 WO2014206951 A1 WO 2014206951A1 EP 2014063207 W EP2014063207 W EP 2014063207W WO 2014206951 A1 WO2014206951 A1 WO 2014206951A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- tube
- medium
- heating device
- layer
- connection box
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
- F24H3/00—Air heaters
- F24H3/02—Air heaters with forced circulation
- F24H3/04—Air heaters with forced circulation the air being in direct contact with the heating medium, e.g. electric heating element
- F24H3/0405—Air heaters with forced circulation the air being in direct contact with the heating medium, e.g. electric heating element using electric energy supply, e.g. the heating medium being a resistive element; Heating by direct contact, i.e. with resistive elements, electrodes and fins being bonded together without additional element in-between
- F24H3/0429—For vehicles
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
- H05B3/20—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater
- H05B3/22—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater non-flexible
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
- H05B2203/021—Heaters specially adapted for heating liquids
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an electric heater and a method of manufacturing such an electric heater.
- the object of the present invention is to provide an electric heating device and a method for producing such an electric heating device which has a low thermal inertia related to its volume and which can simultaneously heat the two media.
- An electrical heating device for heating a first medium and a second medium, comprising at least one tube guiding the second medium, a heat exchanger in heat-conducting contact with the at least one tube, which guides the first medium, and a a surface of the at least one tube at least partially covering Schichtheizelement.
- Such an electric heater can be used multifunctional, since it can heat the first medium via the heat exchanger and the second medium via the at least one tube.
- the second medium may flow in the at least one tube.
- the first medium and / or the second medium may be, for example, a gaseous or liquid medium.
- the first medium may be, for example, air.
- the second medium may be, for example, water or a water / glycol mixture. If the second medium is removed from the at least one tube at room temperature before each startup of the electrical heating device, a very low heat capacity of the electrical heating device, which allows rapid heating, results.
- the heat exchanger and the at least one tube can each be made of a good heat-conducting material.
- the heat exchanger and the at least one tube may be made of a metallic material, in particular a metal or a metal alloy.
- the thermally conductive contact between the heat exchanger and the at least one tube can be made for example by welding or soldering of the heat exchanger to the at least one tube.
- An adhesion of the heat exchanger to the at least one tube by a thermal adhesive is alternatively or additionally also possible.
- the layer heating element may, in particular, be an ohmic heating resistor applied flatly to the surface of the at least one tube.
- the layer heating element can be applied, for example, by a thermal spraying process surface on the surface of the at least one tube.
- the thermal spraying or spraying method can be, for example, a plasma spraying method, a cold gas spraying method or a flame spraying method.
- the thermal spraying or spraying method may in particular be a cold gas plasma spraying process or a suspension flame spraying process.
- cold gas spraying a gas, such as nitrogen, is accelerated to high velocities, with particles carried by the gas impinging on the surface of the at least one tube at high velocity, such as multiple sonic speeds, forming a dense, adherent layer through the high kinetic energy.
- suspension flame spraying a suspension with the particles to be applied / sprayed on is first prepared in order to then inject this suspension with a flame.
- the liquid evaporates at least partially, preferably completely, and in the ideal case, only the respective particles strike the target surface of the at least one tube, as a result of which it is also possible to produce dense layers.
- the layer heating element can be made directly in cohesive contact on the surface of the tube without a subsequent assembly of the Schichtußides on the at least one tube would be necessary.
- a heating layer essentially providing the ohmic resistance of the layer heating element and / or a possibly existing insulation layer can already be structured, that is to say defining individual independent conductor tracks, onto which at least one pipe is applied and / or structured after application. For structuring, depending on requirements, for example, depending on the conductor track distance to be achieved, different methods known per se can be used.
- the layer heating element can be carried by the thermal spraying or spraying directly from already existing components of the electric heater, so that space for separate support elements can be saved can.
- the electric heating device may comprise a housing which is provided for receiving all the components of the electric heater and in particular may be arranged to guide the first medium.
- the layer heating element can be operated with a DC voltage or an AC voltage in the low-voltage or in the high-voltage range.
- the described heating device can optionally heat only the first medium or only the second medium, wherein the flow of the unheated medium is preferably reduced to zero or the unheated medium from the electrical Heater is drained / removed.
- heating powers of 2 kW to 10 kW at a supply voltage of 48 V can be realized. It can thus result in a high surface area [w / cm 2 ] related to the surface of the heating device.
- Other supply voltages for example, up to 1000 V are easily possible and can lead to a different heating capacity / area performance in an otherwise identical heater.
- a pulse width modulated operation of the layer heating element can be provided.
- the second medium in the at least one tube can be used as a local overheating protection for the Schichtheizelement, since its free convection inside the at least one tube acts to compensate for temperature.
- pressure monitoring of the thus closed volume of the at least one tube can be used as over-temperature protection and / or for steam-hammer detection.
- the latter function may be useful in particular in connection with a liquid second medium.
- turbulence generators may be provided, for example a comb-like structure of the surface of the at least one tube which is in contact with the second medium, which improve the mixing of the second medium.
- the heat exchanger is in direct or materially heat-conducting contact with the at least one tube.
- the direct or cohesive heat-conducting contact between the at least one tube and the heat exchanger can be produced for example by welding, gluing, clamping, screwing, but in particular by melting the heat exchanger to the at least one tube.
- melting the heat exchanger to the at least one tube can be dispensed with a lying between the at least one tube and the heat exchanger connecting intermediate layer and at the same time a intimate, good heat-conducting connection between the at least one tube and the heat exchanger can be made.
- the layer heating element comprises an insulating layer and a heating layer. If the at least one tube is electrically conductive, the insulating layer can electrically insulate the ohmic heating resistor formed by the heating layer with respect to the at least one tube and in this way avoid unwanted short circuits.
- the insulating layer may for example consist of Al 2 0 3 , although other insulating materials are possible, which have a sufficiently good thermal conductivity.
- the heating layer may for example consist of a nichrome alloy or of another suitable electrically conductive material having a suitable resistivity.
- the at least one tube is arranged between a first water connection box and a second water connection box.
- a simple supply and discharge of the second medium can be realized by the at least one tube carrying the second medium.
- an optional heat storage functionality can be realized in connection with the electric heating device.
- the already heated second medium can transmit the thermal energy stored in it via the at least one tube and the heat exchanger to the first medium, without an additional heating power would be required by the Schichtheizelement for heating the first medium, if this optional heat storage functionality is used .
- the first water connection box and / or the second water connection box may act as an optional heat reservoir, wherein, depending on the installation position of the electric heating device, a uniform cooling of the second medium present in the electric heating device without an additional external circulation due to the gravity-dependent thermosiphon effect known per se the second medium within the electric heater, that is, in particular between the first water tank, the second water tank and the intervening at least one tube can be realized, which also guarantees a uniform heat transfer to the first medium.
- This heat storage effect has the advantage that the electrical heating device described can be optionally equipped with a large or small thermal inertia can without changes to the basic structure of the electric heater changes are necessary.
- the heat exchanger is arranged between the first water connection box and the second water connection box.
- the first water connection box and the second water connection box, together with the at least one tube located therebetween, can provide a "frame" for the heat exchanger, so that the electric heating device can ultimately be produced in a stable and compact construction.
- first electrical connection contacts of the layer heating element in the region of the first water connection box are at least partially combined and / or that second electrical connection contacts of the layer heating element are at least partially brought together in the region of the second water connection box.
- the merging of the first electrical connection contacts and / or the second electrical connection contacts in the region of the first water connection box or the second water connection box allows in a simple manner the electrical contacting of the Schichtsammlungs, which is necessary for the operation of the electric heater.
- the necessary connection contacts can be reduced in this connection to two connection contacts, in particular a connection contact in the region of the first water connection box and a further connection contact in the region of the second water connection box. This can reduce the manufacturing cost of the described electric heater.
- the electric heating device comprises a first conveying device, which moves the first medium through the electric heating device.
- the heat input into the first medium or the outlet temperature of the first medium when leaving the electric heater at a constant heat output of the Schichtußides can be freely selected in many areas.
- the electric heating device comprises a second conveying device, which moves the second medium through the electric heating device.
- the amount of heat introduced into the second medium, or the starting temperature of the second medium, when leaving the electrical medium Heating device at constant heating power of the Schichtußimplantations be freely selected in a wide range.
- the at least one tube is designed as a flat tube.
- the surface of a flat tube is flat so that the layer heating element can be applied to this surface particularly easily with uniform layer thicknesses and, furthermore, the heat exchanger can also be brought into thermal contact with this flat surface in a particularly simple manner.
- the use of the available installation space within the electric heating device can be simplified by a flat tube.
- the design as a flat tube an improved heat input into the second medium can be realized.
- such an electric heater may be provided in a vehicle.
- the order of the above-mentioned process steps can optionally be changed if necessary.
- the application of the Schichtraceides can be done with one of the above-mentioned thermal spraying or spraying.
- the electrical heating device comprises a plurality of layer heating elements, these can for example also be arranged on different pipes and / or on different "sides" of the at least one pipe.
- a "side” of the tube may be understood, for example, to be the "front" of the tube visible from a given angle, which may be easily distinguished from a "back” of the tube not visible from the same viewpoint, although the tube is the front and back thereof include limiting area.
- the described method can be used in particular for the production of any of the electric heaters described above. In this way, the advantages and peculiarities of the electric heating device described are also implemented in the context of the described method.
- Figure 2 is a sectional view of an electric heater
- Figure 3 is a sectional view of an electric heater in a sectional plane
- Figure 4 is a sectional view of an electric heater in a sectional plane
- Figure 5 is a detail view of an electric heater.
- the vehicle 12 further includes a controller 42, a voltage source 44, a space 46, a reservoir 48, a first conveyor 38 and a second conveyor 40.
- the voltage source 44 can supply all the power 1 in the vehicle 12 and is connected for this purpose via a power supply 50 in particular to the control unit 42.
- the control unit 42 may, for example, via a first electrical control line 52, a second electrical control line 54 and a third electrical control line 56, the electric heater 10, the control the first conveyor 38 and the second conveyor 40 and provide the provided by the voltage source 44 electrical energy.
- the first conveyor 38 may supply a first medium, for example air, via an air duct 62 to the electric heater 10.
- the warmed in the electric heater 10 air can then be supplied via a further air duct 64 to the space 46, which may be, for example, a passenger cabin inside the vehicle 12.
- the air supplied to the electric heater 10 can be sucked out of the space 46 by the first conveyor 38 via an indoor air supply 60, so that a recirculation ventilation of the space 46 can be realized.
- the first delivery device 38 can also suck in air via an exterior air supply 58 from outside the vehicle 12, so that the room 46 can also be supplied with warmed-up fresh air.
- the volume proportions of the fresh air sucked in via the first delivery device 38 and the room air extracted from the space 46 can be set variably, wherein fresh air and room air can be miscible.
- the second conveyor 40 may supply to the electric heater 10 a second medium, which may also be heated in the electric heater 10.
- the second conveying device 40 can suck the second medium, for example, from the reservoir 48 via a guide 68 and feed it via a guide 66 to the electric heating device 10. After flowing through the electric heater 10, the second medium can flow back into the reservoir 48 via a guide 70.
- This results in a substantially closed circuit for the second medium which may be, for example, water or a water / glycol mixture.
- the second medium can be used as a buffer for thermal energy. It is also conceivable to use the stored in the second medium thermal energy in other, not shown in the figure 1 systems of the vehicle 12, for example, for water heating in a caravan / motorhome.
- the voltage source 44 may be a DC voltage source or an AC voltage source that provides voltage in the low or high voltage range.
- the control unit 42 may be controlled by a higher-level control (not shown) of an HVAC ("Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning").
- the higher-level HVAC can control the first conveyor 38 and / or the second conveyor 40 directly.
- FIG. 2 shows a sectional view of an electric heating device 10.
- the side view of the electric heating device 10 shown in FIG. 2 shows a first water connection box 30 in an upper region of the electric heating device 10 and FIG Second water connection box 32 in a lower portion of the electric heater 10.
- the first water connection box 30 and the second water connection box 32 may be arranged in particular parallel to each other at a distance 72.
- a heat exchanger 20 is shown, which may be constructed of a plurality of independent segments of different sizes. In particular, lamellae of the heat exchanger 20, between which the first medium can flow through the electric heating device, are visible in FIG. In this case, the first medium can be heated.
- the heating layer 28 can again be covered by a further insulation layer or embedded in the illustrated insulation layer 26, which may be particularly advantageous if the layer heating element 24 is not operated in the low-voltage range but in the high-voltage range ,
- a housing accommodating the components of the electric heater can manage without additional electrical insulation.
- the layer heating element 24 is applied to a surface 22 which extends over a side surface of the first water connection box 30 to a further side surface of the second water connection box 32 via tubes completely covered by the layer heating element 24.
- the layer heating element 24 may have a first electrical connection contact 34 in the region of the first water connection box 30.
- the layer heating element 24 can furthermore have a second electrical connection contact 36 in the region of the second water connection box 32.
- the first water connection box 30, the second water connection box 32, the invisible pipes between the water connection box 30 and the second water connection box 32 as well as the individual segments of the heat exchanger 20 can be made of a metallic material, for example a metal or a metal alloy To ensure thermal conductivity.
- a first connection 78 for supplying the second medium to the electric heating device 10 is furthermore shown.
- a discharge of the second medium from the illustrated electrical heating device 10 may, for example, take place via a second connection 80, which is arranged, for example, on the second water connection box 32.
- the first connection 78 and the second connection 80 can also be arranged together on one of the two water connection boxes 30, 32.
- FIG. 2 further shows a sectional plane A 74 and a sectional plane B 76, along which the illustrated electrical heating device 10 is shown below in sectional views.
- Figure 3 shows a sectional view of the electric heater 10 in the sectional plane A. Due to their periodic structure, 10 reference numerals have been used only in the left portion of the electric heater. Visible are various segments of the heat exchanger 20, between which the tubes 18 are arranged.
- Both the first medium 14 and the second medium 16 may be heated by the electric heater 10.
- structural elements (not shown), for example lamellae or honeycombs, may optionally be arranged in the figure, which may assist the heating of the second medium 16.
- the tubes 18 may be made, for example, in an extrusion process with such structural elements.
- the layer heating element 24 can be seen, which is applied flat on the surface 22 of the tube.
- the layer heating element 24 comprises, as already known from FIG. 2, the heating layer 28, which is separated from the surface of the tube 18 by the insulation layer 26.
- the insulating layer 26 can optionally also be dispensed with, provided that the tube 18 is an electrical insulator or has a sufficiently high electrical resistance for the operation of the electric heating device 10.
- FIG. 4 shows a sectional view of the electric heating device 10 in the sectional plane B.
- the tube 18, which may be filled with the second medium 16, is recognizable again.
- the tube 18 opens in its upper region in the first water tank 30 and in its lower part in the second water tank 32.
- the sheet heating element 24 applied on the surface 22 formed with side surfaces of the first channel box 30, the second channel box 32 and the tube 18 .
- the application can be carried out, for example, in a thermal spraying or spraying process.
- the application of the layer heating element 24 can be carried out in particular after the joining of the main body of the electric heating device 10.
- the main body can for example consist of the at least one tube, the first water connection box and the second water connection box.
- the heat exchanger may be part of this body.
- an optional structuring of the heating layer 28 for example by means of a laser, can take place in order to realize special traces of the trace.
- Such a structuring may also have already taken place during the application of the heating layer, for example by a corresponding masking of parts of the surface 22.
- a further insulation layer can be applied to the heating layer 28 in order to electrically insulate it from the environment.
- FIG. 5 shows a detailed view of an electric heater 10. Enlarged is shown in particular the tube 18, which is designed as a flat tube. Inside the tube 18, the second medium 16 is still present, which is guided / conducted in an elliptical channel. Optionally, heat-transferring structural elements can be arranged in the channel, which can be produced, for example, in an extrusion process together with the tubular casing.
- the heat generated by the layer heating element 24 is conducted over the surface of the pipe 18 to the second medium 16 and laterally arranged on surfaces of the tube 18 segments of the not visible in this view heat exchanger 20.
- the first medium 14 flowing past fins of the heat exchanger 20 can likewise be heated by the layer heating element 24 in this way.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Air-Conditioning For Vehicles (AREA)
- Resistance Heating (AREA)
Abstract
L'invention concerne un dispositif de chauffage électrique (10), en particulier pour un véhicule (12). Ce dispositif permet de chauffer un premier milieu (14) et un deuxième milieu (16), et comprend au moins un tuyau (18) guidant le deuxième milieu (16), un échangeur de chaleur (20) en contact thermoconducteur avec le ou les tuyaux (18) et guidant le premier milieu (14), et un élément chauffant stratifié (24) recouvrant au moins en partie une surface (22) du ou des tuyaux (18). L'invention concerne en outre un procédé de production d'un dispositif de chauffage électrique de ce type.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE102013010907.8 | 2013-06-28 | ||
DE201310010907 DE102013010907A1 (de) | 2013-06-28 | 2013-06-28 | Elektrische Heizeinrichtung und Verfahren zur Herstellung einer elektrischen Heizeinrichtung |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2014206951A1 true WO2014206951A1 (fr) | 2014-12-31 |
Family
ID=51167864
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/EP2014/063207 WO2014206951A1 (fr) | 2013-06-28 | 2014-06-24 | Dispositif de chauffage électrique et procédé permettant de produire un dispositif de chauffage électrique |
Country Status (2)
Country | Link |
---|---|
DE (1) | DE102013010907A1 (fr) |
WO (1) | WO2014206951A1 (fr) |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE102014016214A1 (de) * | 2014-10-31 | 2016-05-04 | Webasto SE | Wärmetauscher und Heizgerät mit einem derartigen Wärmetauscher |
JP2021101143A (ja) * | 2016-02-18 | 2021-07-08 | ベバスト エスエーWebasto SE | 熱交換器、特に水空気熱交換器又は油水熱交換器 |
Families Citing this family (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE102016102890A1 (de) * | 2016-02-18 | 2017-08-24 | Webasto SE | Öl-Wasser-Wärmetauscher, insbesondere für den Verbrennungsmotor eines Kraftfahrzeuges |
DE102016102893A1 (de) * | 2016-02-18 | 2017-08-24 | Webasto SE | Wärmetauschersystem |
DE102016203982A1 (de) * | 2016-03-10 | 2017-09-14 | Mahle International Gmbh | Wärmeübertrager |
DE102017130354A1 (de) * | 2017-12-18 | 2019-06-19 | Webasto SE | Gegenstromwärmetauscher |
Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE4433814A1 (de) * | 1994-09-22 | 1996-03-28 | Behr Gmbh & Co | Kraftfahrzeug |
WO2003098124A1 (fr) * | 2002-05-17 | 2003-11-27 | Behr Gmbh & Co. | Echangeur de chaleur, destine en particulier a une installation de chauffage ou de climatisation d'un vehicule automobile |
DE102007063251A1 (de) * | 2007-12-31 | 2009-07-02 | Volkswagen Ag | Heiz- und/oder Klimaanlage mit Peltiertechnik für ein Kraftfahrzeug |
DE102010031751A1 (de) * | 2010-07-21 | 2012-01-26 | Volkswagen Ag | Wärmetauscher |
WO2012019952A1 (fr) * | 2010-08-11 | 2012-02-16 | Valeo Systemes Thermiques | Echangeur de chaleur comprenant un element chauffant serigraphie |
DE102011081831A1 (de) * | 2011-08-30 | 2013-02-28 | Webasto Ag | Elektrische Heizeinheit, Heizvorrichtung für ein Fahrzeug und Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Heizeinheit |
Family Cites Families (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US6178292B1 (en) * | 1997-02-06 | 2001-01-23 | Denso Corporation | Core unit of heat exchanger having electric heater |
-
2013
- 2013-06-28 DE DE201310010907 patent/DE102013010907A1/de not_active Ceased
-
2014
- 2014-06-24 WO PCT/EP2014/063207 patent/WO2014206951A1/fr active Application Filing
Patent Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE4433814A1 (de) * | 1994-09-22 | 1996-03-28 | Behr Gmbh & Co | Kraftfahrzeug |
WO2003098124A1 (fr) * | 2002-05-17 | 2003-11-27 | Behr Gmbh & Co. | Echangeur de chaleur, destine en particulier a une installation de chauffage ou de climatisation d'un vehicule automobile |
DE102007063251A1 (de) * | 2007-12-31 | 2009-07-02 | Volkswagen Ag | Heiz- und/oder Klimaanlage mit Peltiertechnik für ein Kraftfahrzeug |
DE102010031751A1 (de) * | 2010-07-21 | 2012-01-26 | Volkswagen Ag | Wärmetauscher |
WO2012019952A1 (fr) * | 2010-08-11 | 2012-02-16 | Valeo Systemes Thermiques | Echangeur de chaleur comprenant un element chauffant serigraphie |
DE102011081831A1 (de) * | 2011-08-30 | 2013-02-28 | Webasto Ag | Elektrische Heizeinheit, Heizvorrichtung für ein Fahrzeug und Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Heizeinheit |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE102014016214A1 (de) * | 2014-10-31 | 2016-05-04 | Webasto SE | Wärmetauscher und Heizgerät mit einem derartigen Wärmetauscher |
JP2021101143A (ja) * | 2016-02-18 | 2021-07-08 | ベバスト エスエーWebasto SE | 熱交換器、特に水空気熱交換器又は油水熱交換器 |
JP7032683B2 (ja) | 2016-02-18 | 2022-03-09 | ベバスト エスエー | 熱交換器、特に水空気熱交換器又は油水熱交換器 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE102013010907A1 (de) | 2014-12-31 |
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