WO2014206212A1 - 声品质客观参量三维空间分布数字图像生成方法 - Google Patents

声品质客观参量三维空间分布数字图像生成方法 Download PDF

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WO2014206212A1
WO2014206212A1 PCT/CN2014/079954 CN2014079954W WO2014206212A1 WO 2014206212 A1 WO2014206212 A1 WO 2014206212A1 CN 2014079954 W CN2014079954 W CN 2014079954W WO 2014206212 A1 WO2014206212 A1 WO 2014206212A1
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sound
field
sound pressure
dimensional
loudness
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PCT/CN2014/079954
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English (en)
French (fr)
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卢奂采
金江明
胡伟杰
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浙江工业大学
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03H—HOLOGRAPHIC PROCESSES OR APPARATUS
    • G03H3/00—Holographic processes or apparatus using ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves for obtaining holograms; Processes or apparatus for obtaining an optical image from them
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03H—HOLOGRAPHIC PROCESSES OR APPARATUS
    • G03H1/00—Holographic processes or apparatus using light, infrared or ultraviolet waves for obtaining holograms or for obtaining an image from them; Details peculiar thereto
    • G03H1/04—Processes or apparatus for producing holograms
    • G03H1/0443—Digital holography, i.e. recording holograms with digital recording means
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03H—HOLOGRAPHIC PROCESSES OR APPARATUS
    • G03H1/00—Holographic processes or apparatus using light, infrared or ultraviolet waves for obtaining holograms or for obtaining an image from them; Details peculiar thereto
    • G03H1/04—Processes or apparatus for producing holograms
    • G03H1/08—Synthesising holograms, i.e. holograms synthesized from objects or objects from holograms
    • G03H1/0866—Digital holographic imaging, i.e. synthesizing holobjects from holograms
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R5/00—Stereophonic arrangements
    • H04R5/027—Spatial or constructional arrangements of microphones, e.g. in dummy heads
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01H—MEASUREMENT OF MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS OR ULTRASONIC, SONIC OR INFRASONIC WAVES
    • G01H9/00—Measuring mechanical vibrations or ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves by using radiation-sensitive means, e.g. optical means
    • G01H9/002—Measuring mechanical vibrations or ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves by using radiation-sensitive means, e.g. optical means for representing acoustic field distribution
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R2201/00—Details of transducers, loudspeakers or microphones covered by H04R1/00 but not provided for in any of its subgroups
    • H04R2201/40—Details of arrangements for obtaining desired directional characteristic by combining a number of identical transducers covered by H04R1/40 but not provided for in any of its subgroups
    • H04R2201/401—2D or 3D arrays of transducers

Definitions

  • the invention relates to near-field acoustic holography technology, sound source recognition and positioning technology, sound field visualization technology, measurement and evaluation technology of objective parameters of sound quality and noise control technology.
  • the traditional noise control is mainly aimed at reducing the sound pressure level of the sound field response.
  • the research results show that the reduction of sound pressure level can not fully improve the subjective hearing experience of human voice.
  • the effect of noise on people is not only related to the sound pressure level, but also to the frequency composition of the sound, the physical characteristics of the human auditory system, and the psychological characteristics.
  • the two sounds of the same sound pressure level will cause a huge difference in the psychoacoustic sensitivity of people due to the different frequency composition. Therefore, the evaluation of noise needs to introduce a quality index that reflects the subjective and objective feelings of the person.
  • the invention is applied to the visualization of the objective parameter distribution of the sound quality in the three-dimensional sound field and the spatial localization of the sound source which is most closely related to human hearing.
  • the existing sound quality analysis and measurement method evaluates the sound quality of the sound in the specified three-dimensional space, only the objective parameter information of the sound quality of a certain measurement position specified in the three-dimensional space can be obtained, and the distribution of the sound quality information in the entire three-dimensional space cannot be obtained.
  • visualizing the image it is not only impossible to evaluate the sound quality of the sound field in the entire three-dimensional space, but also to give the spatial position of the sound source related to the sound quality.
  • the present invention overcomes the following shortcomings of the prior art: 1. Overcoming the existing optical quality objective parameter measurement, calculation analysis and evaluation methods and techniques alone, can not give the sound quality distribution and the visualization image in the entire three-dimensional space by one measurement, Defects in sound source position information related to objective parameters of sound quality cannot be given. 2. Overcoming the use of near-field acoustic holography to analyze the three-dimensional spatial sound field distribution without considering the subjective auditory sensation of human beings, can not give the defect of the sound source position in the sound field which is closely related to human subjective hearing sensation.
  • the invention provides a method for generating a three-dimensional digital image of an acoustic quality objective parameter combined with a near-field acoustic holography method and a sound quality objective parameter analysis method.
  • the sound quality objective parameter three-dimensional digital image generating method proposed by the invention has the sound field distribution, and can also give the sound source spatial position information which affects the subjective auditory feeling of the human being, and provides the sound in the whole three-dimensional space.
  • the quality of the objective parameter distribution of the image thus providing a visual, direct guidance for noise reduction and sound quality improvement.
  • the microphone array can be a rigid surface spherical microphone array, a hollow sphere array, a microphone array conforming to the sound source structure or a planar array.
  • a spherical microphone array is arranged in the closed sound field, and sound field sound pressure information is measured and recorded.
  • Holographic sound pressure data is obtained from an array of planar microphones and other arrays of conformal microphones of any shape in open and semi-open sound fields.
  • Three-dimensional sound field acoustic volume reconstruction According to the measured holographic sound pressure data, the distribution information (sound pressure, normal particle velocity and normal sound intensity, etc.) of the acoustic field of the three-dimensional space is obtained by the near-field acoustic holography method. The form of the three-dimensional image is given.
  • n 0
  • the 4TM in the formula is determined by the following formula:
  • ⁇ is the holographic sound pressure data collected on the microphone array; A (r, A ⁇ iy) is the reconstructed sound pressure at the specified position (r, A) in the three-dimensional space; Y n m ⁇ 0, ( ⁇ % spherical harmonic
  • the function, ( ) is the ball Bessel function, is the ball Hank function; represents the conjugate, "," represents the derivative, and N is the number of spherical harmonic expansion items.
  • the single point sound quality loudness calculation model in the sound field is as follows: C GE ⁇ + 2E THRQ ) _ ( 2E THRQ ) E THR Q ⁇ E T ⁇ 10
  • N/ is the characteristic loudness of the zth filter, which is the audible valve energy level, which is the energy level of the signal, and the unit is dB
  • C is the fixed value of 0.046871, when _500, the fixed value is 2.3067
  • cochlear The low-frequency gain G is 1, a is 0.2, and when ⁇ 500Hz, E THR Q, « can be obtained according to the discrete data interpolation calculation provided by ANSI.
  • G is the cochlear low frequency gain. Therefore the total loudness formula is:
  • the coupled three-dimensional matrix mapping model of the sound pressure field and the loudness field in space is established.
  • (r, ⁇ ) is the spherical coordinate of the third point in the three-dimensional space, which is the angular frequency.
  • M are the number of frequencies corresponding to different sound sources.
  • W is an auditory filter matrix consisting of 372 filters W, representing the response of the human ear to all frequencies in the audible band
  • N' is the characteristic loudness vector.
  • the sum of the points in the characteristic loudness vector N' can be obtained by the formula (4) to obtain the loudness of the specified point of the sound field, and the three-dimensional distribution result of the sound field loudness can be obtained by repeating the calculation process for the three-dimensional spatial node of the sound field.
  • Other sound quality objective quantity three-dimensional distribution results can also be obtained using an analysis procedure similar to the loudness calculation, see Figure 1.
  • the objective parameter values of the sound quality at various positions in the measured space can be given, and the spatial distribution can be given in the form of a three-dimensional image, thereby identifying the position of the sound source having the greatest influence on the subjective hearing of the human.
  • Figure 1 Flow chart for calculating the three-dimensional distribution of objective parameters of sound quality according to the present invention
  • Figure 2 Schematic diagram of a spherical microphone array
  • FIG. 1 Schematic diagram of spherical microphone array and sound source distribution of dual source
  • FIG. 4(d) Comparison of the sharpness and sound pressure calculation results of the sound field of the two-point sound source of 3.5 kHz (70 dB) and 7 kHz (76 dB).
  • the present invention will be further described below by way of specific examples. Referring to the drawings:
  • the image of the objective parameters of the sound quality in the three-dimensional space provides visual and direct guidance for noise reduction and sound quality improvement.
  • the microphone array can be a rigid surface spherical microphone array, a hollow sphere array, a microphone array conforming to the sound source structure or a planar array.
  • a spherical microphone array is arranged in the closed sound field, and sound field sound pressure information is measured and recorded.
  • Holographic sound pressure data is obtained from an array of planar microphones and other arrays of conformal microphones of any shape in open and semi-open sound fields.
  • Three-dimensional sound field acoustic volume reconstruction According to the measured holographic sound pressure data, the distribution information (sound pressure, normal particle velocity and normal sound intensity, etc.) of the acoustic field of the three-dimensional space is obtained by the near-field acoustic holography method. The form of the three-dimensional image is given.
  • the holographic sound pressure measured by the spherical microphone array is used to reconstruct the acoustic quantity distribution in the three-dimensional space.
  • the sound field transformation formula is as follows:
  • the 4TM in the formula is determined by the following formula: p t ( ⁇ , ⁇ , ⁇ ) Y n m ( ⁇ , ⁇ )* sin ⁇
  • ⁇ is the holographic sound pressure data collected on the microphone array; A (r, A ⁇ iy) is the reconstructed sound pressure at the specified position (r, A) in the three-dimensional space;
  • m ( ) is the spherical harmonic function, ( )
  • ( ) is the ball Hank function; represents the conjugate, "," represents the derivative, and N is the number of spherical harmonic expansion items.
  • N/ is the characteristic loudness of the Zth filter, which is the audible valve energy level, which is the energy level of the signal, and the unit is dB
  • C is the fixed value of 0.046871, when _500, the fixed value is 2.3067
  • the cochlea The low-frequency gain G is 1, a is 0.2, and when ⁇ 500Hz, E THR Q, « can be obtained according to the discrete data interpolation calculation provided by ANSI.
  • G is the cochlear low frequency gain.
  • the total loudness formula is: According to the three-dimensional spatial distribution results of sound pressure in the sound field calculated in 2, combined with the calculation model of the objective parameters of single point sound quality in space, the coupled three-dimensional matrix mapping model of sound pressure field and loudness field in space is established.
  • (r, ⁇ ) is the spherical coordinate of the third point in the three-dimensional space, which is the angular frequency
  • (o m 2 f m , is the frequency
  • m OM M is the number of frequencies corresponding to different sound sources.
  • the sound pressure at any frequency at the first point is the vector composed of the sound pressure reconstruction values at the frequencies at the third point in the sound field
  • W is the auditory filter matrix composed of 372 filters W, representing the person The response of the ear to all frequencies in the audible frequency band, N' is the characteristic loudness vector.
  • the sum of the parts in the characteristic loudness vector N' can be obtained by the formula (4) to obtain the loudness of the specified point of the sound field, and the three-dimensional space node of the sound field Repeating this calculation process can obtain the three-dimensional distribution of sound field loudness.
  • Other sound quality objective quantity three-dimensional distribution results can also be obtained by an analysis process similar to loudness calculation, see Figure 1.
  • spherical arrays are used for measurement. Array, as shown in Figure 2, on the sphere 1.
  • the parameters of sound source 1 are set to lkHz, 75dB, placed 0.3m on the positive X-axis of the space rectangular coordinate system (0.3m, 0, 0);
  • the parameter of the sound source 2 is set to 3.5 kHz, 69 dB, and is placed at 0.3 m (-0.3 m, 0, 0) on the X negative half axis of the space rectangular coordinate system, that is, the angle between the two sound sources is 180.
  • the radius of the spherical microphone array ( Figure 2) is "0.1m.
  • the three-dimensional spatial distribution of sound pressure, loudness and sharpness at a radius of 0.2 m is reconstructed using the calculation method given by the present invention.
  • FIG. 4(a) is a comparison diagram of the calculation results of the three-dimensional spatial distribution of sound pressure and loudness when the sound source 1 of 1 kHz, 75 dB, and the sound source 2 of 3.5 kHz and 69 dB are simultaneously present.
  • Fig. 4(b) is a comparison diagram of the calculation results of the three-dimensional spatial distribution of the sound pressure and the sharpness when the sound source 1 of the 1 kHz, 75 dB, and the sound source 2 of the 3.5 kHz, 69 dB sound source are simultaneously present.
  • the same two-sound source sound field model is used, but the parameter of the sound source 1 is set to 7 kHz, 70 dB, and placed at 0.3 m (0.3 m, 0, 0) on the x positive half-axis of the space rectangular coordinate system;
  • the parameter of source 2 is set to 3.5 kHz, 76 dB, and is placed at 0.3 m (-0.3 m, 0, 0) on the x negative half-axis of the space rectangular coordinate system, and the angle between the two sources is still 180°.
  • Figure 4 (c) and Figure 4 (d) are 7 kHz, 70 B sound source 1 and 3.5 kHz, 76 dB sound source 2 two sound sources using this method to reconstruct the spherical sound pressure, loudness and A comparison of the results of the three-dimensional spatial distribution of sharpness.
  • the method provided by the present invention can obtain the three-dimensional spatial distribution information of the objective parameters of the sound quality of the sound field, and recognize the subjective subject matter.
  • the sound source position information closely related to hearing Figure 4 shows the three-dimensional spatial distribution map of the objective parameters of sound quality such as loudness and sharpness, realizing the sound source localization based on human subjective auditory feeling, comparing Fig. 4(a) and Fig. 4(b), figure 4(c) and Fig.

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  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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Abstract

声品质客观参量三维空间分布数字图像生成方法，按如下步骤进行：步骤1.利用传声器阵列记录全息测量面上的全息声压数据；步骤2.三维声场声学量重构；步骤3.根据步骤2中得到的三维空间内的声学量信息，按照声压一声品质客观参量映射模型计算三维空间各点声品质客观参量（如响度、尖锐度、粗糙度等）的分布，并以三维数字图像的形式给出，实现声品质客观参量的三维空间可视化。

Description

维空间分布数字图像生成方法 技术领域：
本发明涉及近场声全息技术、声源识别定位技术、声场可视化技 术、 声品质客观参量的测量评价技术以及噪声控制技术。
背景技术：
传统的噪声控制均以降低声场响应的声压级为主要目标，而研究 结果表明声压级的降低并不能充分改善人对声音的主观听觉感受。噪 声对于人的影响不仅与声压级有关， 还与声音的频率组成、人类听觉 ***的物理特性以及心理特性有关。相同声压级的两种声音由于各自 频率组成的不同， 会导致人在心理感觉上响度的巨大差异， 因此对于 噪声的评价需要引入能够反映人对声音主观和客观感受的量化指标 一声品质， 作为对噪声评价的参考。
本发明应用于三维声场中声品质客观参量分布的可视化以及与 人听觉感受最密切的声源的空间定位。现有声品质分析和测量方法对 指定三维空间内的声音进行声品质评价时，只能得到三维空间中指定 的某一测量位置的声品质客观参量信息，不能得到整个三维空间内声 品质信息的分布以及可视化图像，因而不仅不能对整个三维空间声场 的声品质好坏进行评价， 更不能给出与声品质相关的声源的空间位 置。
发明内容： 本发明要克服现有技术的下列缺点： 1. 克服单独使用现有声品 质客观参量测量、计算分析和评价方法及技术， 通过一次测量不能给 出整个三维空间内的声品质分布以及可视化图像，也不能给出与声品 质客观参量相关的声源位置信息的缺陷。 2. 克服单独采用近场声全 息方法分析三维空间声场分布时没有考虑人的主观听觉感受因素，不 能给出声场中与人主观听觉感受密切相关的声源位置的缺陷。本发明 提供近场声全息方法与声品质客观参量分析方法相结合的声品质客 观参量三维数字图像生成方法。 本发明提出的声品质客观参量三维数字图像生成方法，其计算结 果在给出声场分布的同时，也能给出影响人主观听觉感受最大的声源 空间位置信息， 并提供整个三维空间内声品质客观参量分布的图像， 从而为降噪和声品质改善提供可视化的、 最直接的指导。
本发明按如下歩骤进行：
1. 利用传声器阵列 （传声器阵列可以是刚性表面的球形传声器 阵列、 空心球阵列、 与声源结构共形的传声器阵列或平面阵列）记录 全息测量面上的全息声压数据。 在封闭声场布置球形传声器阵列， 测量并记录声场声压信息。在 开放和半开放声场可用平面传声器阵列及其它任意形状共形传声器 阵列获得全息声压数据。
2. 三维声场声学量重构 根据测量到的全息声压数据，通过近场声全息方法得到三维空间 声场声学量的分布信息 （声压、 法向粒子速度和法向声强等）， 并以 三维图像的形式给出。
采用球形传声器阵列测量的全息声压来重构三维空间的声学: 分布， 声场变换公式如下: n = 0
Figure imgf000005_0001
式中的 4™由有下式确定：
Figure imgf000005_0002
上式中： （r,^ )为声场中三维空间任意一点的球坐标； α为球形传声 器阵列的半径， k为赚， k = ， «为角频率， c为声速， ω 2π;[ ,
/为频率。 Α (" 为传声器阵列上采集的全息声压数据； A(r,A^iy)为三维空间指定位置（r,A )处的重构声压； Yn m{0,(^ % 球谐函数， ( )为球贝赛尔函数， 为球汉克函数； 表示 共轭， "，"表示导数， N为球谐函数扩展项数。 当指定整个三维空间 中声场重构点的位置， 则获得整个声场的声压分布。
3. 根据 2 中得到的三维空间内的声场信息， 计算三维空间各点 声品质客观参量（如响度、 尖锐度、 粗糙度等） 的分布， 并以三维图 像的形式给出， 实现声品质客观参量的三维可视化。
声场中单点声品质响度计算模型如下: C GE^ + 2ETHRQ ) _ ( 2ETHRQ ) ETHRQ < ET < 10
N'=
Figure imgf000006_0001
上式中 N/为第 z个滤波器的特征响度， 为可听阀能量级， 为 信号的能量级， 单位均为 dB， C为定值 0.046871， 当_ 500 时， 为定值 2.3067， 耳蜗低频增益 G为 1， a为 0.2， 而当 <500Hz 时， ETHRQ， «均可根据 ANSI提供的离散数据插值计算获得。 G为耳 蜗低频增益。 因此总响度公式为：
Figure imgf000006_0002
根据 2中计算得到的声场中声压的三维空间分布结果，并结合空 间中单点声品质客观参量的计算模型，建立空间中声压场与响度场的 耦合三维矩阵映射模型，
Wl " ^372
Wl "^372
= \Ν[{τ,θ,φΧ(τ,θ, )入 1x372
Figure imgf000006_0003
或简写为
Figure imgf000006_0004
式中： （r,^ )为三维空间第 点的球坐标， 为角频率，
Figure imgf000006_0005
为频率， mO.M , M为不同声源对应的频率组成个数。 为声 场中第 ζ点处任一频率下的声压， Ρ,为声场中第 ζ点处各频率下的声压 重构值所组成的矢量， W为由 372个滤波器 W组成的听觉滤波器矩阵， 表示人耳对可听频带内所有频率的响应， N'为特征响度矢量。 由公式 (4)对特征响度矢量 N'中的各项求和便可获得声场指定点的响度， 而 对声场三维空间节点重复这一计算过程便可获得声场响度三维分布 结果。其它声品质客观量三维分布结果也可采用与响度计算类似的分 析流程获得， 见附图 1。
通过上述方法能够给出被测空间内各个位置的声品质客观参量 值， 并以三维图像的形式给出其空间分布， 进而可识别出对人主观听 觉影响最大的声源位置。 附图说明：
图 1. 本发明所述的声品质客观参量三维分布的计算流程图
图 2. 球形传声器阵列示意图
图 3. 球形传声器阵列及双声源声场分布示意图
图 4(a). 3.5kHz(69dB)和 lkHz(75dB)两点声源声场的响度和声压计 算结果对比
图 4(b). 3.5kHz(69dB)和 lkHz(75dB)两点声源声场的尖锐度和声压计 算结果对比
图 4(c). 3.5kHz(70dB)和 7kHz(76dB)两点声源声场的响度和声压计算 结果对比
图 4(d). 3.5kHz(70dB)和 7kHz(76dB)两点声源声场的尖锐度和声压计 算结果对比 具体实施方案： 下面通过具体实施例子对本发明作进一歩的描述。 参照附图： 本发明提出的声品质客观参量三维数字图像生成方法，其计算结 果在给出声场分布的同时，也能给出影响人主观听觉感受最大的声源 空间位置信息， 并提供整个三维空间内声品质客观参量分布的图像， 从而为降噪和声品质改善提供可视化的、 最直接的指导。
本发明按如下歩骤进行：
1. 用传声器阵列 （传声器阵列可以是刚性表面的球形传声器 阵列、 空心球阵列、 与声源结构共形的传声器阵列或平面阵列）记录 全息测量面上的全息声压数据。 在封闭声场布置球形传声器阵列， 测量并记录声场声压信息。在 开放和半开放声场可用平面传声器阵列及其它任意形状共形传声器 阵列获得全息声压数据。
2. 三维声场声学量重构 根据测量到的全息声压数据，通过近场声全息方法得到三维空间 声场声学量的分布信息 （声压、 法向粒子速度和法向声强等）， 并以 三维图像的形式给出。
采用球形传声器阵列测量的全息声压来重构三维空间的声学量 分布， 声场变换公式如下:
Pt (r ^， ∑
n =
Figure imgf000008_0001
式中的 4™由有下式确定: pt (α, θ, φ) Yn m (θ, φ)* sin θάθάφ
0 JO ^
上式中： （r,^ )为声场中三维空间任意一点的球坐标； a为球形传声 器阵列的半径， k为赚， k c, «为角频率， c为声速， ω二 2π;[ ,
/为频率。 Α (" 为传声器阵列上采集的全息声压数据； A(r,A^iy)为三维空间指定位置（r,A )处的重构声压； „m( )为 球谐函数， ( )为球贝赛尔函数， ( )为球汉克函数； 表示 共轭， "，"表示导数， N为球谐函数扩展项数。 当指定整个三维空间 中声场重构点的位置， 则获得整个声场的声压分布。
3. 根据 2 中得到的三维空间内的声场信息， 计算三维空间各点 声品质客观参量（如响度、 尖锐度、 粗糙度等） 的分布， 并以三维图 像的形式给出， 实现声品质客观参量的三维可视化。
声场中单点声品质响度计算模型如下：
C GF -\2F E <EI < 10
N'=
Figure imgf000009_0001
上式中 N/为第 Z个滤波器的特征响度， 为可听阀能量级， 为 信号的能量级， 单位均为 dB， C为定值 0.046871， 当_ 500 时， 为定值 2.3067， 耳蜗低频增益 G为 1， a为 0.2， 而当 <500Hz 时， ETHRQ， «均可根据 ANSI提供的离散数据插值计算获得。 G为耳 蜗低频增益。 因此总响度公式为：
Figure imgf000010_0001
根据 2中计算得到的声场中声压的三维空间分布结果，并结合空 间中单点声品质客观参量的计算模型，建立空间中声压场与响度场的 耦合三维矩阵映射模型，
Figure imgf000010_0002
或简写为:
Figure imgf000010_0003
式中： （r,^ )为三维空间第 点的球坐标， 为角频率， (om = 2 fm , 为频率， m O.M , M为不同声源对应的频率组成个数。 为声 场中第 ζ点处任一频率下的声压， 为声场中第 ζ点处各频率下的声压 重构值所组成的矢量， W为由 372个滤波器 W组成的听觉滤波器矩阵， 表示人耳对可听频带内所有频率的响应， N'为特征响度矢量。 由公式 (4)对特征响度矢量 N'中的各项求和便可获得声场指定点的响度， 而 对声场三维空间节点重复这一计算过程便可获得声场响度三维分布 结果。其它声品质客观量三维分布结果也可采用与响度计算类似的分 析流程获得， 见附图 1。 本实施例子中， 均以球形阵列作为测量阵， 如图 2所示， 球面上 1. 如图 3所示， 在空间中布置两个脉动球源： 声源 1 的参数设 置为 lkHz、 75dB， 放置在空间直角坐标系的 X 正半轴上 0.3m 处 (0.3m,0,0); 声源 2的参数设置为 3.5kHz、 69dB , 放置在空间直角坐 标系的 X负半轴上 0.3 m处 (-0.3m,0,0)， 即两声源间的夹角 为 180° , 球形传声器阵列 (如图 2)的半径《为 0.1m。 采用本发明给出的计算方 法重构半径为 0.2m处的声压、 响度和尖锐度的三维空间分布图。 图 4(a)是 lkHz、 75dB的声源 1和 3.5kHz、 69dB的声源 2两声源同时存 在时的声压和响度的三维空间分布计算结果的比较图。 图 4(b)是 lkHz、 75dB的声源 1和 3.5kHz、 69dB的声源 2两声源同时存在时 的声压和尖锐度的三维空间分布计算结果的比较图。
2. 同样采用 1所述的双声源声场模型， 但声源 1 的参数设置为 7kHz、70dB，放置在空间直角坐标系的 x正半轴上 0.3m处 (0.3m,0,0); 声源 2的参数设置为 3.5kHz、 76dB , 放置在空间直角坐标系的 x负 半轴上 0.3m处 (-0.3m,0,0)， 两声源间的夹角 仍为 180°。 图 4(c)和图 4(d)分别是 7kHz, 70B的声源 1和 3.5kHz, 76dB的声源 2两声源采 用本方法重构半径为 0.2m处的球面的声压、 响度和尖锐度的三维空 间分布计算结果的比较图。
对比分析上述图给出的结果，与传统根据声压来识别定位声源的 声全息方法不同，本发明提供的方法能够获得声场的声品质客观参量 的三维空间分布信息，并识别出与人主观听觉密切相关的声源位置信 息， 图 4给出了响度和尖锐度等声品质客观参量的三维空间分布图， 实现了依据人的主观听觉感受的声源定位， 对比图 4(a)和图 4(b)、 图 4(c)和图 4(d), 可以发现声压最大的空间位置与响度最大的空间位置 并不相同，而响度最大的空间位置与尖锐度最大的空间位置也并不相 同。 因此， 要根据人主观听觉感受的定位关键声源并采取相应的措施 才能真正实现声场降噪和声品质改善的目的。

Claims

权 利 要 求 书
Figure imgf000013_0001
间分布数字图像生成方法，按如下; 进行:
歩骤 1. 利用传声器阵列，传声器阵列可以是刚性表面的球形传声 器阵列、 空心球阵列、 与声源结构共形的传声器阵列或平面阵列， 记 录全息测量面上的全息声压数据。
在封闭内声场布置球形传声器阵列， 测量并记录声场全息声压等 声学量信息。 在开放和半开放声场可用平面传声器阵列及其它任意形 状共形传声器阵列获得全息声压数据。
歩骤 2. 三维声场声学量重构
根据测量到的全息声压数据， 通过近场声全息方法得到三维空间 声场声学量的分布信息 （声压、 法向粒子速度和法向声强等）， 并以 三维图像的形式给出；
如采用球形传声器阵列测量的全息声压来重构三维空间的声学量 分
Pt
Figure imgf000013_0002
式中的 4™由有下式确定:
Figure imgf000013_0003
(2) 上式中： （r, ^ )为声场中三维空间任意一点的球坐标； α为球形传声 器阵列的半径， 为波数， k = 0)lc ， «为角频率， c为声速， ω二 2π;[ ,
/为频率。 Α (" »为传声器阵列上采集的全息声压数据； A(r,A^ iy)为三维空间指定位置 (r,^ )处的重构声压； „m ( )为球 谐函数， ( )为球贝赛尔函数， ( )为球汉克函数； 表示共 轭， "，"表示导数， N为球谐函数扩展项数。 当指定整个三维空间中声 场重构点的位置， 则获得整个声场的声压分布；
歩骤
3. 根据歩骤 2中得到的三维空间内的声压分布，计算三维空 间各点声品质客观参量的分布， 并以三维图像的形式给出， 实现声品 质客观参量的三维可视化；
声场
N:
Figure imgf000014_0001
上式中 N,'为第 z个滤波器的特征响度， 为可听阀能量级， 为信 号的能量级， 单位均为 dB， C为定值 0.046871， 当 _ 500Hz时， ETHRQ 为定值 2.3067， 耳蜗低频增益 G为 1， 《为 0.2， 而当 <500HZ 时， E丽 Q, «均可根据 ANSI提供的离散数据插值计算获得。 G为耳 蜗低频增益。 因此总响度公式为：
Figure imgf000014_0002
根据歩骤 2中计算得到的声场中声压的三维空间分布结果，并 结合空间中单点声品质客观参量的计算模型，建立空间中声压场与 响度场的耦合， 矩阵映射模型为：
Wl - W372
Wl - W372
[ pt {τ,θ,φ,ωχ) -- pt (r, θ, φ. ■ [Ν[(Γ,Θ, )- 2(Γ,Θ, )] 1x372
Figure imgf000014_0003
或简写为：
P,W = N' (6) 式中： （r,^ )为三维空间第 点的球坐标， 为角频率， om =2 fm , 为频率， m二 l ..M， M为不同声源对应的频率组成个数。 为声 场中第 z点处指定频率下的声压， 为声场中第 z点处各频率下的声压 重构值所组成的矢量， W为由 372个滤波器 W组成的听觉滤波器矩阵， 表示人耳对可听频带内所有频率的响应， 为特征响度矢量； 由公式
(4)对特征响度矢量 N'中的各项求和便可获得声场指定点的响度，而对 声场三维空间节点重复这一计算过程便可获得声场响度三维分布结 果。
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