WO2014199064A1 - Powertrain of a hydraulic hybrid vehicle, comprising a free wheel and a planetary gear train - Google Patents

Powertrain of a hydraulic hybrid vehicle, comprising a free wheel and a planetary gear train Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2014199064A1
WO2014199064A1 PCT/FR2014/051386 FR2014051386W WO2014199064A1 WO 2014199064 A1 WO2014199064 A1 WO 2014199064A1 FR 2014051386 W FR2014051386 W FR 2014051386W WO 2014199064 A1 WO2014199064 A1 WO 2014199064A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
sun gear
engine
vehicle
traction chain
planetary gear
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/FR2014/051386
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Frederic Gourves
Andres YARCE
Original Assignee
Technoboost
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Technoboost filed Critical Technoboost
Priority to EP14749872.9A priority Critical patent/EP3007922A1/en
Priority to CN201480033824.7A priority patent/CN105283333B/en
Publication of WO2014199064A1 publication Critical patent/WO2014199064A1/en

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/08—Prime-movers comprising combustion engines and mechanical or fluid energy storing means
    • B60K6/12—Prime-movers comprising combustion engines and mechanical or fluid energy storing means by means of a chargeable fluidic accumulator
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/38—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the driveline clutches
    • B60K6/383—One-way clutches or freewheel devices
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60Y—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO ASPECTS CROSS-CUTTING VEHICLE TECHNOLOGY
    • B60Y2300/00—Purposes or special features of road vehicle drive control systems
    • B60Y2300/91—Battery charging
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60Y—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO ASPECTS CROSS-CUTTING VEHICLE TECHNOLOGY
    • B60Y2400/00—Special features of vehicle units
    • B60Y2400/42—Clutches or brakes
    • B60Y2400/427—One-way clutches
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/62—Hybrid vehicles

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a power train of a hybrid hydraulic motor vehicle, and a method of operation of the traction chain, and a hybrid motor vehicle comprising such a traction chain.
  • a known type of transmission for a hydraulic hybrid motor vehicle presented in particular by the document FR-A1-2773302 comprises a planetary gear comprising a ring gear connected to a heat engine, a sun gear connected to a hydraulic pump, and a planet carrier connected by a first synchronization sleeve to an output differential driving the drive wheels.
  • the planetary gear has a second synchronizing sleeve that locks the gear when engaged to rotate all the elements at the same speed.
  • the transmission further comprises an input linked to a hydraulic machine can work in motor or pump, which can be connected to the output differential by two different gear ratios, controlled by a third synchronization sleeve.
  • the heat engine is directly connected to an alternator that delivers permanently when this engine is started, an electric charging current of the battery of the onboard network. This provision then poses a problem for the operating modes leaving the engine off, the alternator is no longer running, and there is no charging current of the battery.
  • a traction chain of a hybrid vehicle comprising a heat engine connected to a first element of a planetary gear having a second element connected to a hydraulic pump, and a third element connected to the driving wheels of the vehicle, this traction chain further comprising a hydraulic machine connected to the drive wheels, characterized in that the first element of the planetary gear is connected to the heat engine by a freewheel allowing the engine to remain at stopping when the sun gear is driven by the vehicle in the forward direction, this first element being further permanently connected to a power generator of the on-board power supply.
  • the pull chain according to the invention may further comprise one or more of the following features, which may be combined with each other.
  • the first element of the planetary gear is the crown
  • the second element is the sun gear
  • the third element is the planet carrier.
  • the alternator is disposed along the axis of the planetary gear.
  • the alternator may be an electric machine having a reversible operation, which can deliver a motor torque.
  • the traction chain may comprise a controlled coupling means connecting the electric machine to the engine, to start the engine with this machine.
  • the coupling means is an electromagnetic clutch.
  • the traction chain may comprise an electric machine arranged parallel to the axis of the planetary gear, the shaft of this machine being connected by a first transmission permanently to the first element of this planetary gear, and by a second transmission. comprising the coupling means, to the shaft of the heat engine.
  • the traction chain comprises an engagement means for alternately locking the planetary gear, or to bind the second element of this planetary gear to the pump.
  • the invention also relates to a control method of a traction chain comprising any one of the preceding characteristics, which from an operating mode comprising the drive of the planetary gear by the heat engine, when the driver releases the accelerator pedal, stop the engine by letting the freewheel disengage.
  • the invention further relates to a hydraulic hybrid motor vehicle having a traction chain comprising any one of the preceding characteristics.
  • FIG. 1 is a diagram of a traction chain according to the invention
  • FIG. 2 is a graph showing, according to the speed of the vehicle and the power applied to the drive wheels, the different modes of operation of this traction chain;
  • Figure 3 is a diagram of a traction chain according to a variant.
  • Figure 1 shows a transmission comprising shafts arranged parallel to each other.
  • a hydraulic machine with variable displacement 2 is connected to a first input shaft 4 of this transmission, supporting a first free rotating drive gear 6 which meshes with a driven pinion 8 fixed on a second shaft 10, to form a first reduction in speed comprising a significant reduction.
  • the first input shaft 4 supports a second free drive pinion 12, which meshes with a driven pinion 14 fixed on the second shaft 10, to form a second reduction in speed comprising a lower gear ratio.
  • the hydraulic machine 2 can be connected to the second shaft 10 by a single gear ratio.
  • the second shaft 10 has an output gear 18 fixed on it, which meshes with the ring 20 of an output differential 22 distributing the movement to the two drive wheels of the vehicle.
  • a planetary gear train 30 comprises a planet carrier linked to a first driving pinion 32 which meshes with a driven pinion 34 fixed on a third shaft 36, this third shaft comprising a second driving pinion 38 meshing with the ring gear 20 of the differential gear 22. .
  • the sun gear of the sun gear 30 can be connected to a driving pinion 40 which meshes with a driven pinion 42 fixed to the shaft of a hydraulic pump 44 with variable displacement.
  • the planetary gear 30 has a second synchronous double sleeve 72 comprising a neutral central position, a first lateral position which connects the sun gear to the pump 44, and a second opposite lateral position, which connects this sun gear to planet carrier to block the planetary gear comprising all of its elements rotating at the same speed.
  • the pump 44 can be permanently connected to the sun gear of the sun gear 30, the second synchronizing sleeve 72 having a single lateral position to lock this planetary gear.
  • the ring gear of the sun gear 30 is connected to a heat engine 46 by a freewheel 48 to leave the engine stopped when the sun gear 30 is driven by the wheels of the vehicle moving forward.
  • An alternator 50 permanently connected to the shaft of the ring gear 30, is connected to the vehicle's onboard network 52, and the battery of this network 54 to recharge.
  • the alternator 50 may be disposed along the axis of the ring gear 30, between the transmission containing the train and the heat engine 46, as shown in Figure 1.
  • the heat engine 46 is connected by a belt to an air conditioning compressor 56.
  • An electric starter 58 drives the heat engine 46 by meshing a pinion of its shaft on a ring fixed to the wheel of this engine, to start it.
  • the heat engine 46 is connected to a cooling radiator 70, to dissipate the calories during operation.
  • a hydraulic circuit comprises a high pressure accumulator 60 and a low pressure accumulator 62, connected to both the hydraulic machine 2 and the pump 44.
  • the low pressure circuit has a pump 64 which makes circulating the fluid in a radiator 66 for cooling, and in a filter 68 to purify it.
  • Figure 2 shows the speed of the vehicle V presented on the horizontal axis, and the traction power of the vehicle P requested by the driver, presented on the vertical axis, four modes of operation implemented by the traction chain.
  • the pulse mode 80 provided for low vehicle speeds and a relatively low power demand, is used if the high pressure accumulator 60 has a sufficiently high energy level.
  • This pulse mode 80 comprises the traction of the vehicle by the hydraulic machine 2, using one of its two speed ratios in order to optimize its speed of rotation.
  • the rolling of the vehicle drives the planet carrier of the sun gear 30 in the same direction of rotation as the wheels of the vehicle, conventionally called positive direction.
  • the second synchronizing sleeve 72 linking the pump 44 which is stopped by a hydraulic lock, sun gear sun gear 30, the crown of this train rotates in the positive direction. It is then possible to leave the heat engine 46 stopped, thanks to the freewheel 48 which allows free rotation of this ring in this positive direction.
  • This pulse mode is carried a rolling without emission of pollutant gas, including the permanent drive of the alternator 50 rotatably connected to the ring gear 30, which maintains a power supply of the onboard network 52 and the battery of 54 in electrical energy.
  • the engine 46 is started by its starter 58, and the hydraulic machine 2 is stopped by uncoupling it from the differential 22.
  • the heat engine 46 then drives the crown of the planetary gear 30 by the freewheel 48, applying with a certain distribution a positive torque on the planet carrier which is delivered to the drive wheels, and a negative torque on the sun gear which is delivered to the pump 44.
  • the vehicle is driven by the torque applied to the drive wheels, while maintaining a power supply of the onboard network 52 by the alternator 50 which is always driven.
  • the high-pressure accumulator 60 is also recharged by the pump 44 in order to feed the hydraulic machine 2 again to drive the vehicle when the pressure level in this accumulator becomes sufficient, and to stop the engine 46.
  • the bypass mode 82 provided for large power output relative to the speed of the vehicle comprises a traction of the vehicle by the hydraulic machine 2 comprising one of its gear engaged, and by the engine 46 which has started to apply by the sun gear 30 one pair at a time on the driving wheels, and on the pump 44 providing hydraulic power.
  • This hydraulic power recharging the high pressure accumulator 60 can be delivered at the same time to the hydraulic machine 2.
  • the short ratio mode 84 provided for average power output with respect to the speed of the vehicle comprises the traction of the vehicle by the heat engine 46 which drives the freewheel 48 the ring gear of the planetary gear train 30 forming a reduction gear. speed.
  • the second synchronizing sleeve 72 maintains the linkage of the sun gear with the pump 44.
  • the hydraulic pump 44 is blocked hydraulically, for example with a closure of its flow, the sun gear forming a fixed reaction point which gives a reduction in the speed of the planet carrier.
  • the heat engine 46 can deliver a high torque on the drive wheels.
  • the alternator 50 is always driven.
  • the long-throw mode 86 provided for positive output powers which are relatively low relative to the speed of the vehicle comprises the traction of this vehicle by the heat engine 46, driving the freewheel 48 the ring gear of the planetary gear 30.
  • the second synchronizing sleeve 72 has disengaged the hydraulic pump 44, and has blocked the planetary gear 30.
  • the speed of the heat engine 46 is transmitted integrally to the planet carrier of the sun gear 30, to form this long report 86.
  • the engine 46 can be stopped simply with a disengagement of the freewheel 48 when it starts to deliver a couple negative, the entire planetary gear 30 with its crown is always driven by the vehicle.
  • This arrangement comprising this mode of operation easily allowing a stop of the engine 46 when the driver releases the accelerator pedal, saves energy by reducing friction that brake the vehicle.
  • alternator 50 is always rotating in the same direction as soon as the vehicle is rolling, or the heat engine 46 is running. The generation of electricity is therefore ensured in all modes of running, there is no need to add complex systems to handle cases where the engine is stopped.
  • the alternator 50 may be a reversible electric machine that provides a motive power by taking a power electric, in order to deliver a traction torque of the vehicle.
  • the reversible alternator 50 can deliver a complementary engine torque forward, which is added to that provided by the hydraulic machine 2 or the engine 46.
  • the reversible alternator 50 can also deliver alone in a mode purely electric drive forward, a power without emission of polluting gas with the planetary gear 30 blocked to obtain a direct connection, or with this planetary gear working speed reduction, the pump 44 being blocked, to deliver a high torque on the driving wheels.
  • the heat engine 46 is stopped, the freewheel 48 is then disengaged.
  • FIG. 3 alternatively presents a generally similar kinematic chain comprising, in place of the starter, a reversible electric machine 90 arranged parallel to the sun gear 30, comprising a shaft supporting a first fixed driving pulley 92 axially remote from this machine, which is permanently connected by a belt to a first driven pulley 94 fixed to the shaft of the ring gear 30.
  • the shaft of the electric machine 90 also causes an electromagnetic clutch a second driving pulley 96 close to the machine, which is connected by a belt to a second driven pulley 98 fixed to the shaft of the engine 46.
  • the second driven pulley 98 is further connected by a free wheel 48 to the shaft of the ring gear 30, so as to let this ring turn in the positive direction when the engine 46 is stopped.
  • the reduction ratios given by the two pairs of pulleys are identical.
  • the electric machine 90 is permanently connected to the ring gear of the sun gear 30 by the first pulleys 92, 94, as for the chain kinematic presented in figure 1.
  • This electric machine 90 can operate alternator in the same cases, with a traction of the vehicle by the hydraulic machine 2 or by the engine 46.
  • the electromagnetic clutch remains open if the engine 46 is stopped.
  • the starting of the engine 46 can be done directly by the electric machine 90 delivering a torque, closing the electromagnetic clutch which then drives by the second pair of pulleys 96, 98 the shaft of the engine 46.
  • the starting of the engine 46 can be alternatively during the driving of the motorized vehicle by the hydraulic machine 2, the inertia of the vehicle driving the sun gear 30 which can be in direct contact, or work in gear with the pump 44 blocked.
  • the ring gear of this planetary gear train 30 then drives in rotation by the first pair of pulleys 92, 94 the shaft of the electric machine 90, which in turn causes the electromagnetic clutch to close, by the second pair of pulleys 96, 98 the shaft of the heat engine 46.
  • the engine 46 does not require a specific electric starter, the electric machine 90 can perform this function.
  • the freewheel 48 allows fast and smooth transitions between the operating modes engaged and disengaged, without additional control system, by a simple reversal of the torque that applies to it.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Arrangement Of Transmissions (AREA)
  • Auxiliary Drives, Propulsion Controls, And Safety Devices (AREA)
  • Hybrid Electric Vehicles (AREA)

Abstract

A powertrain of a hybrid vehicle, comprising a heat engine (46) linked to a first element of a planetary gear train (30) provided with a second element linked to a hydraulic pump (44), and a third element linked to the drive wheels of the vehicle, this powertrain further comprising a hydraulic machine (2) linked to the drive wheels, characterised in that the first element of the planetary gear train (30) is linked to the heat engine (46) by a free wheel (48) allowing this engine to remain stopped when the planetary gear train is driven by the vehicle in a forward gear, said first element being further permanently linked to an alternator (50) powering the onboard network (52).

Description

CHAINE DE TRACTION D'UN VEHICULE HYBRIDE HYDRAULIQUE, COMPRENANT UNE ROUE-LIBRE ET UN TRAIN PLANETAIRE  TRACTION CHAIN OF A HYDRID HYDRAULIC VEHICLE, COMPRISING A FREE WHEEL AND A PLANETARY TRAIN
[0001] La présente invention concerne une chaîne de traction d'un véhicule automobile hybride hydraulique, ainsi qu'un procédé de fonctionnement de cette chaîne de traction, et un véhicule automobile hybride comprenant une telle chaîne de traction. The present invention relates to a power train of a hybrid hydraulic motor vehicle, and a method of operation of the traction chain, and a hybrid motor vehicle comprising such a traction chain.
[ooo2] Un type de transmission connu pour un véhicule automobile hybride hydraulique, présenté notamment par le document FR-A1 -2973302, comporte un train planétaire comprenant une couronne reliée à un moteur thermique, un pignon solaire relié à une pompe hydraulique, et un porte- satellites relié par un premier manchon de synchronisation à un différentiel de sortie entraînant les roues motrices. [Ooo2] A known type of transmission for a hydraulic hybrid motor vehicle, presented in particular by the document FR-A1-2773302 comprises a planetary gear comprising a ring gear connected to a heat engine, a sun gear connected to a hydraulic pump, and a planet carrier connected by a first synchronization sleeve to an output differential driving the drive wheels.
[ooo3] Le train planétaire comporte un deuxième manchon de synchronisation qui réalise un blocage de ce train quand il est engagé, afin de faire tourner tous les éléments à la même vitesse. [Ooo3] The planetary gear has a second synchronizing sleeve that locks the gear when engaged to rotate all the elements at the same speed.
[ooo4] La transmission comporte de plus une entrée liée à une machine hydraulique pouvant travailler en moteur ou en pompe, qui peut être reliée au différentiel de sortie par deux rapports de démultiplication différents, commandés par un troisième manchon de synchronisation. [Ooo4] The transmission further comprises an input linked to a hydraulic machine can work in motor or pump, which can be connected to the output differential by two different gear ratios, controlled by a third synchronization sleeve.
[ooo5] La machine hydraulique ainsi que la pompe sont connectées à des accumulateurs de pression qui permettent de stocker une énergie lors du fonctionnement de cette pompe, ou de cette machine travaillant en pompe délivrant un couple de freinage, et de la restituer à la machine hydraulique pour appliquer un couple moteur sur les roues motrices. [ooo5] The hydraulic machine and the pump are connected to pressure accumulators which store energy during the operation of this pump, or of this machine working as a pump delivering a braking torque, and to restore it to the machine hydraulic system to apply engine torque to the drive wheels.
[ooo6] On obtient ainsi différents modes de fonctionnement comprenant notamment un mode « impulsionnel » avec une traction du véhicule uniquement par la machine hydraulique en engageant un des rapports par le troisième manchon de synchronisation, le moteur thermique étant arrêté, et un mode « dérivation » avec une traction du véhicule par la machine hydraulique, ainsi que par le moteur thermique qui a démarré pour délivrer par le train planétaire un couple à la fois sur le différentiel de sortie et sur la pompe fournissant une puissance hydraulique. [ooo7] On obtient aussi un mode « rapport court » avec la pompe bloquée, le moteur thermique délivrant un couple élevé sur les roues motrices par le train planétaire formant un réducteur de vitesse, et un mode « rapport long » avec le moteur thermique délivrant un couple plus faible sur les roues motrices par le train planétaire bloqué au moyen du deuxième manchon de synchronisation. [ooo6] Different modes of operation are thus obtained including in particular a "pulse" mode with a traction of the vehicle only by the hydraulic machine by engaging one of the reports by the third synchronization sleeve, the engine being stopped, and a "bypass" mode with a traction of the vehicle by the hydraulic machine, as well as by the heat engine which started to deliver by the sun gear a couple at a time on the output differential and the pump providing hydraulic power. [ooo7] One also obtains a mode "short report" with the pump blocked, the engine delivering a high torque on the driving wheels by the planetary train forming a speed reducer, and a mode "report long" with the engine delivering thermal a lower torque on the drive wheels by the planetary gear blocked by means of the second synchronizing sleeve.
[ooo8] Par ailleurs le moteur thermique est relié directement à un alternateur qui délivre en permanence quand ce moteur est démarré, un courant électrique de recharge de la batterie du réseau de bord. Cette disposition pose alors un problème pour les modes de fonctionnement laissant le moteur thermique à l'arrêt, l'alternateur ne tourne plus, et on ne dispose pas de courant de recharge de la batterie. [ooo8] In addition, the heat engine is directly connected to an alternator that delivers permanently when this engine is started, an electric charging current of the battery of the onboard network. This provision then poses a problem for the operating modes leaving the engine off, the alternator is no longer running, and there is no charging current of the battery.
[ooo9] La présente invention a notamment pour but d'éviter ces inconvénients de la technique antérieure. [Ooo9] The present invention is intended to avoid these disadvantages of the prior art.
[ooi o] Elle propose à cet effet une chaîne de traction d'un véhicule hybride, comprenant un moteur thermique relié à un premier élément d'un train planétaire disposant d'un deuxième élément relié à une pompe hydraulique, et d'un troisième élément relié aux roues motrices du véhicule, cette chaîne de traction comprenant de plus une machine hydraulique reliée aux roues motrices, caractérisée en ce que le premier élément du train planétaire est lié au moteur thermique par une roue-libre permettant à ce moteur de rester à l'arrêt quand le train planétaire est entraîné par le véhicule en marche avant, ce premier élément étant de plus relié en permanence à un alternateur d'alimentation du réseau de bord. [001 1 ] Un avantage de cette chaîne de traction est que pour les roulages en mode impulsionnel comprenant la traction par la machine hydraulique, la pompe hydraulique étant arrêtée, les roues du véhicule peuvent entraîner le premier élément du train planétaire qui tourne librement en laissant le moteur thermique à l'arrêt grâce à la roue-libre, l'alternateur lié à ce premier élément tournant aussi ce qui permet de conserver en permanence une recharge de la batterie. [ooi o] It proposes for this purpose a traction chain of a hybrid vehicle, comprising a heat engine connected to a first element of a planetary gear having a second element connected to a hydraulic pump, and a third element connected to the driving wheels of the vehicle, this traction chain further comprising a hydraulic machine connected to the drive wheels, characterized in that the first element of the planetary gear is connected to the heat engine by a freewheel allowing the engine to remain at stopping when the sun gear is driven by the vehicle in the forward direction, this first element being further permanently connected to a power generator of the on-board power supply. [001 1] An advantage of this traction system is that for driving in pulse mode comprising traction by the hydraulic machine, the hydraulic pump being stopped, the vehicle wheels can drive the first element of the planetary gear which turns freely leaving the engine is stopped by the freewheel, the alternator linked to this first element also turning which keeps a permanent recharge of the battery.
[0012] La chaîne de traction selon l'invention peut de plus comporter une ou plusieurs des caractéristiques suivantes, qui peuvent être combinées entre elles. The pull chain according to the invention may further comprise one or more of the following features, which may be combined with each other.
[0013] Avantageusement, le premier élément du train planétaire est la couronne, le deuxième élément est le pignon solaire et le troisième élément est le porte-satellites. Advantageously, the first element of the planetary gear is the crown, the second element is the sun gear and the third element is the planet carrier.
[0014] Selon un mode de réalisation, l'alternateur est disposé suivant l'axe du train planétaire. According to one embodiment, the alternator is disposed along the axis of the planetary gear.
[0015] En particulier l'alternateur peut être une machine électrique comportant un fonctionnement réversible, pouvant délivrer un couple moteur. In particular the alternator may be an electric machine having a reversible operation, which can deliver a motor torque.
[0016] Dans ce cas, la chaîne de traction peut comporter un moyen de couplage commandé reliant la machine électrique au moteur thermique, permettant de démarrer ce moteur avec cette machine. In this case, the traction chain may comprise a controlled coupling means connecting the electric machine to the engine, to start the engine with this machine.
[ooi 7] Avantageusement, le moyen de couplage est un embrayage électromagnétique. [Ooi 7] Advantageously, the coupling means is an electromagnetic clutch.
[0018] La chaîne de traction peut comporter une machine électrique disposée parallèlement à l'axe du train planétaire, l'arbre de cette machine étant relié par une première transmission de manière permanente au premier élément de ce train planétaire, et par une deuxième transmission comprenant le moyen de couplage, à l'arbre du moteur thermique. [0019] Avantageusement, la chaîne de traction comporte un moyen d'engagement permettant alternativement de bloquer le train planétaire, ou de lier le deuxième élément de ce train planétaire à la pompe. The traction chain may comprise an electric machine arranged parallel to the axis of the planetary gear, the shaft of this machine being connected by a first transmission permanently to the first element of this planetary gear, and by a second transmission. comprising the coupling means, to the shaft of the heat engine. Advantageously, the traction chain comprises an engagement means for alternately locking the planetary gear, or to bind the second element of this planetary gear to the pump.
[0020] L'invention a aussi pour objet un procédé de contrôle d'une chaîne de traction comprenant l'une quelconque des caractéristiques précédentes, qui à partir d'un mode de fonctionnement comprenant l'entraînement du train planétaire par le moteur thermique, quand le conducteur relâche la pédale d'accélérateur, arrête ce moteur thermique en laissant la roue-libre se désengager. [0021 ] L'invention a de plus pour objet un véhicule automobile hybride hydraulique disposant d'une chaîne de traction comprenant l'une quelconque des caractéristiques précédentes. The invention also relates to a control method of a traction chain comprising any one of the preceding characteristics, which from an operating mode comprising the drive of the planetary gear by the heat engine, when the driver releases the accelerator pedal, stop the engine by letting the freewheel disengage. The invention further relates to a hydraulic hybrid motor vehicle having a traction chain comprising any one of the preceding characteristics.
[0022] L'invention sera mieux comprise et d'autres caractéristiques et avantages apparaîtront plus clairement à la lecture de la description ci-après, donnée à titre d'exemple et de manière non limitative en référence aux dessins annexés dans lesquels : The invention will be better understood and other features and advantages will appear more clearly on reading the description below, given by way of example and without limitation with reference to the accompanying drawings in which:
• la figure 1 est un schéma d'une chaîne de traction selon l'invention ; FIG. 1 is a diagram of a traction chain according to the invention;
• la figure 2 est un graphique présentant en fonction de la vitesse du véhicule et de la puissance appliquée sur les roues motrices, les différents modes de fonctionnement de cette chaîne de traction ; et FIG. 2 is a graph showing, according to the speed of the vehicle and the power applied to the drive wheels, the different modes of operation of this traction chain; and
• la figure 3 est un schéma d'une chaîne de traction suivant une variante. [0023] La figure 1 présente une transmission comprenant des arbres disposés parallèlement entre eux. Une machine hydraulique à cylindrée variable 2 est reliée à un premier arbre d'entrée 4 de cette transmission, supportant un premier pignon menant libre en rotation 6 qui engrène avec un pignon mené 8 fixé sur un deuxième arbre 10, pour former une première réduction de vitesse comprenant une démultiplication importante. • Figure 3 is a diagram of a traction chain according to a variant. [0023] Figure 1 shows a transmission comprising shafts arranged parallel to each other. A hydraulic machine with variable displacement 2 is connected to a first input shaft 4 of this transmission, supporting a first free rotating drive gear 6 which meshes with a driven pinion 8 fixed on a second shaft 10, to form a first reduction in speed comprising a significant reduction.
[0024] Le premier arbre d'entrée 4 supporte un deuxième pignon menant libre 12, qui engrène avec un pignon mené 14 fixé sur le deuxième arbre 10, pour former une deuxième réduction de vitesse comprenant une démultiplication plus faible. The first input shaft 4 supports a second free drive pinion 12, which meshes with a driven pinion 14 fixed on the second shaft 10, to form a second reduction in speed comprising a lower gear ratio.
[0025] Un manchon double de synchronisation 16 coulissant axialement entre les deux pignons libres 6, 12, permet de lier l'un ou l'autre de ces pignons avec le premier arbre 4 afin d'engager le rapport de démultiplication correspondant. A dual synchronizing sleeve 16 axially sliding between the two free gears 6, 12, allows to link one or the other of these pinions with the first shaft 4 to engage the corresponding gear ratio.
[0026] En variante pour simplifier la transmission, la machine hydraulique 2 peut être reliée au deuxième arbre 10 par un unique rapport de démultiplication. Alternatively to simplify the transmission, the hydraulic machine 2 can be connected to the second shaft 10 by a single gear ratio.
[0027] Le deuxième arbre 10 comporte un pignon de sortie 18 fixé dessus, qui engrène avec la couronne 20 d'un différentiel de sortie 22 répartissant le mouvement vers les deux roues motrices du véhicule. The second shaft 10 has an output gear 18 fixed on it, which meshes with the ring 20 of an output differential 22 distributing the movement to the two drive wheels of the vehicle.
[0028] On obtient ainsi la possibilité d'entraîner directement les roues motrices par la machine hydraulique 2 utilisée en moteur quand le manchon de synchronisation 16 engage un des rapports de démultiplication, avec un sens de marche avant ou arrière suivant le sens de rotation de cette machine. Thus, the possibility of directly driving the driving wheels by the hydraulic machine 2 used as a motor when the synchronizing sleeve 16 engages one of the gear ratios, with a direction of forward or reverse depending on the direction of rotation of this machine.
[0029] Un train planétaire 30 comporte un porte-satellites lié à un premier pignon menant 32 qui engrène avec un pignon mené 34 fixé sur un troisième arbre 36, ce troisième arbre comportant un deuxième pignon menant 38 engrenant avec la couronne 20 du différentiel 22. A planetary gear train 30 comprises a planet carrier linked to a first driving pinion 32 which meshes with a driven pinion 34 fixed on a third shaft 36, this third shaft comprising a second driving pinion 38 meshing with the ring gear 20 of the differential gear 22. .
[0030] Le pignon solaire du train planétaire 30 peut être relié à un pignon menant 40 qui engrène avec un pignon mené 42 fixé sur l'arbre d'une pompe hydraulique 44 à cylindrée variable. [0031 ] Le train planétaire 30 dispose d'un deuxième manchon double de synchronisation 72 comprenant une position centrale neutre, une première position latérale qui relie le pignon solaire à la pompe 44, et une deuxième position latérale opposée, qui relie ce pignon solaire au porte-satellites afin de bloquer le train planétaire comprenant l'ensemble de ses éléments tournant à la même vitesse. The sun gear of the sun gear 30 can be connected to a driving pinion 40 which meshes with a driven pinion 42 fixed to the shaft of a hydraulic pump 44 with variable displacement. The planetary gear 30 has a second synchronous double sleeve 72 comprising a neutral central position, a first lateral position which connects the sun gear to the pump 44, and a second opposite lateral position, which connects this sun gear to planet carrier to block the planetary gear comprising all of its elements rotating at the same speed.
[0032] En variante pour simplifier la transmission, la pompe 44 peut être reliée en permanence au pignon solaire du train planétaire 30, le deuxième manchon de synchronisation 72 comportant une seule position latérale pour bloquer ce train planétaire. Alternatively to simplify the transmission, the pump 44 can be permanently connected to the sun gear of the sun gear 30, the second synchronizing sleeve 72 having a single lateral position to lock this planetary gear.
[0033] La couronne du train planétaire 30 est reliée à un moteur thermique 46 par une roue-libre 48 permettant de laisser ce moteur à l'arrêt quand le train planétaire 30 est entraîné par les roues du véhicule se déplaçant vers l'avant. Un alternateur 50 lié en permanence à l'arbre de la couronne du train planétaire 30, est connecté au réseau de bord du véhicule 52, et à la batterie de ce réseau 54 pour la recharger. The ring gear of the sun gear 30 is connected to a heat engine 46 by a freewheel 48 to leave the engine stopped when the sun gear 30 is driven by the wheels of the vehicle moving forward. An alternator 50 permanently connected to the shaft of the ring gear 30, is connected to the vehicle's onboard network 52, and the battery of this network 54 to recharge.
[0034] En particulier l'alternateur 50 peut être disposé suivant l'axe de la couronne du train planétaire 30, entre la transmission contenant ce train et le moteur thermique 46, comme présenté sur la figure 1 . [0035] Le moteur thermique 46 est relié par une courroie à un compresseur de climatisation 56. Un démarreur électrique 58 entraîne le moteur thermique 46 en engrenant un pignon de son arbre sur une couronne fixée au volant de ce moteur, pour le démarrer. In particular the alternator 50 may be disposed along the axis of the ring gear 30, between the transmission containing the train and the heat engine 46, as shown in Figure 1. The heat engine 46 is connected by a belt to an air conditioning compressor 56. An electric starter 58 drives the heat engine 46 by meshing a pinion of its shaft on a ring fixed to the wheel of this engine, to start it.
[0036] Le moteur thermique 46 est relié à un radiateur de refroidissement 70, pour dissiper les calories lors de son fonctionnement. The heat engine 46 is connected to a cooling radiator 70, to dissipate the calories during operation.
[0037] Un circuit hydraulique comporte un accumulateur haute pression 60 et un accumulateur basse pression 62, reliés à la fois à la machine hydraulique 2 et à la pompe 44. Le circuit basse pression dispose d'une pompe 64 qui fait circuler le fluide dans un radiateur 66 pour le refroidir, et dans un filtre 68 pour le purifier. A hydraulic circuit comprises a high pressure accumulator 60 and a low pressure accumulator 62, connected to both the hydraulic machine 2 and the pump 44. The low pressure circuit has a pump 64 which makes circulating the fluid in a radiator 66 for cooling, and in a filter 68 to purify it.
[0038] La figure 2 présente en fonction de la vitesse du véhicule V présentée sur l'axe horizontal, et de la puissance de traction du véhicule P demandée par le conducteur, présentée sur l'axe vertical, quatre modes de fonctionnement mis en œuvre par la chaîne de traction. Figure 2 shows the speed of the vehicle V presented on the horizontal axis, and the traction power of the vehicle P requested by the driver, presented on the vertical axis, four modes of operation implemented by the traction chain.
[0039] Le mode impulsionnel 80 prévu pour des vitesses du véhicule basses et pour une puissance demandée relativement faible, est utilisé si l'accumulateur haute pression 60 dispose d'un niveau d'énergie suffisamment élevé. Ce mode impulsionnel 80 comporte la traction du véhicule par la machine hydraulique 2, en utilisant l'un de ses deux rapports de vitesse afin d'optimiser sa vitesse de rotation. The pulse mode 80 provided for low vehicle speeds and a relatively low power demand, is used if the high pressure accumulator 60 has a sufficiently high energy level. This pulse mode 80 comprises the traction of the vehicle by the hydraulic machine 2, using one of its two speed ratios in order to optimize its speed of rotation.
[0040] Le roulage du véhicule entraîne le porte-satellites du train planétaire 30 dans le même sens de rotation que les roues du véhicule, appelé par convention sens positif. Le deuxième manchon de synchronisation 72 liant la pompe 44 qui est arrêtée par un blocage hydraulique, au pignon solaire du train planétaire 30, la couronne de ce train tourne dans le sens positif. On peut alors laisser le moteur thermique 46 à l'arrêt, grâce à la roue-libre 48 qui permet une libre rotation de cette couronne dans ce sens positif. [0041 ] On réalise avec ce mode impulsionnel un roulage sans émission de gaz polluant, comprenant l'entraînement permanent de l'alternateur 50 lié en rotation à la couronne du train planétaire 30, ce qui permet de maintenir une alimentation du réseau de bord 52 et de la batterie de 54 en énergie électrique. [0042] Si l'accumulateur haute pression 60 ne comporte pas suffisamment d'énergie, on démarre le moteur thermique 46 par son démarreur 58, et on arrête la machine hydraulique 2 en le désaccouplant du différentiel 22. Le moteur thermique 46 entraîne alors la couronne du train planétaire 30 par la roue-libre 48, en appliquant avec une certaine répartition un couple positif sur le porte-satellites qui est délivré aux roues motrices, et un couple négatif sur le pignon solaire qui est délivré à la pompe 44. The rolling of the vehicle drives the planet carrier of the sun gear 30 in the same direction of rotation as the wheels of the vehicle, conventionally called positive direction. The second synchronizing sleeve 72 linking the pump 44 which is stopped by a hydraulic lock, sun gear sun gear 30, the crown of this train rotates in the positive direction. It is then possible to leave the heat engine 46 stopped, thanks to the freewheel 48 which allows free rotation of this ring in this positive direction. With this pulse mode is carried a rolling without emission of pollutant gas, including the permanent drive of the alternator 50 rotatably connected to the ring gear 30, which maintains a power supply of the onboard network 52 and the battery of 54 in electrical energy. If the high-pressure accumulator 60 does not have enough energy, the engine 46 is started by its starter 58, and the hydraulic machine 2 is stopped by uncoupling it from the differential 22. The heat engine 46 then drives the crown of the planetary gear 30 by the freewheel 48, applying with a certain distribution a positive torque on the planet carrier which is delivered to the drive wheels, and a negative torque on the sun gear which is delivered to the pump 44.
[0043] On notera que l'entraînement du train planétaire 30 par le moteur thermique 46 qui démarre, se fait en douceur par la roue-libre 48 qui commence à transmettre un couple quand la vitesse du moteur devient supérieure à celle de la couronne de ce train planétaire. Note that the drive of the planetary gear 30 by the engine 46 which starts, is smoothly by the freewheel 48 which begins to transmit a torque when the motor speed becomes greater than that of the crown of this planetary gear.
[0044] On réalise ainsi un roulage du véhicule par le couple appliqué sur les roues motrices, tout en maintenant une alimentation électrique du réseau de bord 52 par l'alternateur 50 qui est toujours entraîné. On recharge aussi par la pompe 44 l'accumulateur haute pression 60, afin d'alimenter à nouveau la machine hydraulique 2 pour motoriser le véhicule quand le niveau de pression dans cet accumulateur devient suffisant, et d'arrêter le moteur thermique 46. Thus, the vehicle is driven by the torque applied to the drive wheels, while maintaining a power supply of the onboard network 52 by the alternator 50 which is always driven. The high-pressure accumulator 60 is also recharged by the pump 44 in order to feed the hydraulic machine 2 again to drive the vehicle when the pressure level in this accumulator becomes sufficient, and to stop the engine 46.
[0045] Le mode dérivation 82 prévu pour des puissances délivrées importantes par rapport à la vitesse du véhicule, comporte une traction de ce véhicule par la machine hydraulique 2 comprenant un de ses rapports engagé, et par le moteur thermique 46 qui a démarré pour appliquer par le train planétaire 30 un couple à la fois sur les roues motrices, et sur la pompe 44 fournissant une puissance hydraulique. Cette puissance hydraulique rechargeant l'accumulateur haute pression 60, peut être délivrée en même temps à la machine hydraulique 2. The bypass mode 82 provided for large power output relative to the speed of the vehicle comprises a traction of the vehicle by the hydraulic machine 2 comprising one of its gear engaged, and by the engine 46 which has started to apply by the sun gear 30 one pair at a time on the driving wheels, and on the pump 44 providing hydraulic power. This hydraulic power recharging the high pressure accumulator 60, can be delivered at the same time to the hydraulic machine 2.
[0046] Avec le mode dérivation 82, l'alternateur 50 est toujours entraîné. With the bypass mode 82, the alternator 50 is always driven.
[0047] Le mode rapport court 84 prévu pour des puissances délivrées moyennes par rapport à la vitesse du véhicule, comporte la traction du véhicule par le moteur thermique 46 qui entraîne par la roue-libre 48 la couronne du train planétaire 30 formant un réducteur de vitesse. Le deuxième manchon de synchronisation 72 maintient la liaison du pignon solaire avec la pompe 44. [0048] La pompe hydraulique 44 est bloquée hydrauliquement, avec par exemple une fermeture de son débit, le pignon solaire formant un point de réaction fixe qui donne une réduction de la vitesse du porte-satellites. Le moteur thermique 46 peut délivrer un couple élevé sur les roues motrices. L'alternateur 50 est toujours entraîné. The short ratio mode 84 provided for average power output with respect to the speed of the vehicle comprises the traction of the vehicle by the heat engine 46 which drives the freewheel 48 the ring gear of the planetary gear train 30 forming a reduction gear. speed. The second synchronizing sleeve 72 maintains the linkage of the sun gear with the pump 44. The hydraulic pump 44 is blocked hydraulically, for example with a closure of its flow, the sun gear forming a fixed reaction point which gives a reduction in the speed of the planet carrier. The heat engine 46 can deliver a high torque on the drive wheels. The alternator 50 is always driven.
[0049] Le mode rapport long 86 prévu pour des puissances délivrées positives qui sont relativement faibles par rapport à la vitesse du véhicule, comporte la traction de ce véhicule par le moteur thermique 46, entraînant par la roue-libre 48 la couronne du train planétaire 30. Le deuxième manchon de synchronisation 72 a désengagé la pompe hydraulique 44, et a bloqué le train planétaire 30. The long-throw mode 86 provided for positive output powers which are relatively low relative to the speed of the vehicle comprises the traction of this vehicle by the heat engine 46, driving the freewheel 48 the ring gear of the planetary gear 30. The second synchronizing sleeve 72 has disengaged the hydraulic pump 44, and has blocked the planetary gear 30.
[0050] La vitesse du moteur thermique 46 est transmise intégralement au porte-satellites du train planétaire 30, afin de former ce rapport long 86. The speed of the heat engine 46 is transmitted integrally to the planet carrier of the sun gear 30, to form this long report 86.
[0051 ] On notera que si le conducteur relâche la pédale d'accélérateur en demandant un couple de freinage sur les roues motrices, le moteur thermique 46 peut être arrêté simplement avec un désengagement de la roue-libre 48 quand il commence à délivrer un couple négatif, l'ensemble du train planétaire 30 avec sa couronne étant toujours entraîné par le véhicule. Note that if the driver releases the accelerator pedal by requesting a braking torque on the driving wheels, the engine 46 can be stopped simply with a disengagement of the freewheel 48 when it starts to deliver a couple negative, the entire planetary gear 30 with its crown is always driven by the vehicle.
[0052] Cette disposition comprenant ce mode de fonctionnement permettant facilement un arrêt du moteur thermique 46 quand le conducteur relâche la pédale d'accélérateur, économise l'énergie en réduisant les frottements qui freinent le véhicule. This arrangement comprising this mode of operation easily allowing a stop of the engine 46 when the driver releases the accelerator pedal, saves energy by reducing friction that brake the vehicle.
[0053] On notera que l'alternateur 50 est toujours en rotation dans le même sens dès que le véhicule est roulant, ou que le moteur thermique 46 est en marche. La génération d'électricité est donc assurée dans tous les modes de roulage, il n'y a pas besoin d'ajouter des systèmes complexes pour gérer les cas où le moteur thermique est arrêté. Note that the alternator 50 is always rotating in the same direction as soon as the vehicle is rolling, or the heat engine 46 is running. The generation of electricity is therefore ensured in all modes of running, there is no need to add complex systems to handle cases where the engine is stopped.
[0054] En variante l'alternateur 50 peut être une machine électrique réversible qui fournit une puissance motrice en prélevant une énergie électrique, afin de délivrer un couple de traction du véhicule. En particulier l'alternateur réversible 50 peut délivrer un couple moteur complémentaire de marche avant, qui s'ajoute à celui fourni par la machine hydraulique 2 ou le moteur thermique 46. [0055] L'alternateur réversible 50 peut aussi délivrer seul dans un mode de traction purement électrique en marche avant, une puissance sans émission de gaz polluant avec le train planétaire 30 bloqué pour obtenir une prise directe, ou avec ce train planétaire travaillant en réduction de vitesse, la pompe 44 étant bloquée, pour délivrer un couple élevé sur les roues motrices. Le moteur thermique 46 est arrêté, la roue-libre 48 est alors désengagée. Alternatively the alternator 50 may be a reversible electric machine that provides a motive power by taking a power electric, in order to deliver a traction torque of the vehicle. In particular the reversible alternator 50 can deliver a complementary engine torque forward, which is added to that provided by the hydraulic machine 2 or the engine 46. The reversible alternator 50 can also deliver alone in a mode purely electric drive forward, a power without emission of polluting gas with the planetary gear 30 blocked to obtain a direct connection, or with this planetary gear working speed reduction, the pump 44 being blocked, to deliver a high torque on the driving wheels. The heat engine 46 is stopped, the freewheel 48 is then disengaged.
[0056] La figure 3 présente en variante une chaîne cinématique globalement similaire, comprenant à la place du démarreur une machine électrique réversible 90 disposée parallèlement au train planétaire 30, comportant un arbre supportant une première poulie menante fixe 92 axialement éloignée de cette machine, qui est reliée de manière permanente par une courroie à une première poulie menée 94 fixée sur l'arbre de la couronne du train planétaire 30. FIG. 3 alternatively presents a generally similar kinematic chain comprising, in place of the starter, a reversible electric machine 90 arranged parallel to the sun gear 30, comprising a shaft supporting a first fixed driving pulley 92 axially remote from this machine, which is permanently connected by a belt to a first driven pulley 94 fixed to the shaft of the ring gear 30.
[0057] L'arbre de la machine électrique 90 entraîne aussi par un embrayage électromagnétique une deuxième poulie menante 96 rapprochée de cette machine, qui est reliée par une courroie à une deuxième poulie menée 98 fixée sur l'arbre du moteur thermique 46. La deuxième poulie menée 98 est de plus reliée par une roue-libre 48 à l'arbre de la couronne du train planétaire 30, de manière à laisser cette couronne tourner dans le sens positif quand le moteur thermique 46 est à l'arrêt. The shaft of the electric machine 90 also causes an electromagnetic clutch a second driving pulley 96 close to the machine, which is connected by a belt to a second driven pulley 98 fixed to the shaft of the engine 46. The second driven pulley 98 is further connected by a free wheel 48 to the shaft of the ring gear 30, so as to let this ring turn in the positive direction when the engine 46 is stopped.
[0058] Avantageusement, les rapports de réduction donnés par les deux couples de poulies sont identiques. [0058] Advantageously, the reduction ratios given by the two pairs of pulleys are identical.
[0059] La machine électrique 90 est reliée en permanence à la couronne du train planétaire 30 par les premières poulies 92, 94, comme pour la chaîne cinématique présentée figure 1 . Cette machine électriques 90 peut fonctionner en alternateur dans les mêmes cas, avec une traction du véhicule par la machine hydraulique 2 ou par le moteur thermique 46. L'embrayage électromagnétique reste ouvert si le moteur thermique 46 est arrêté. The electric machine 90 is permanently connected to the ring gear of the sun gear 30 by the first pulleys 92, 94, as for the chain kinematic presented in figure 1. This electric machine 90 can operate alternator in the same cases, with a traction of the vehicle by the hydraulic machine 2 or by the engine 46. The electromagnetic clutch remains open if the engine 46 is stopped.
[0060] Le démarrage du moteur thermique 46 peut se faire directement par la machine électrique 90 délivrant un couple, en refermant l'embrayage électromagnétique qui entraîne alors par le deuxième couple de poulies 96, 98 l'arbre du moteur thermique 46. [0061 ] Le démarrage du moteur thermique 46 peut se faire en variante lors du roulage du véhicule motorisé par la machine hydraulique 2, par l'inertie de ce véhicule entraînant le train planétaire 30 qui peut être en prise directe, ou travailler en démultiplication avec la pompe 44 bloquée. La couronne de ce train planétaire 30 entraîne alors en rotation par le premier couple de poulies 92, 94 l'arbre de la machine électrique 90, qui entraîne à son tour en fermant l'embrayage électromagnétique, par le deuxième couple de poulies 96, 98 l'arbre du moteur thermique 46. The starting of the engine 46 can be done directly by the electric machine 90 delivering a torque, closing the electromagnetic clutch which then drives by the second pair of pulleys 96, 98 the shaft of the engine 46. [0061 ] The starting of the engine 46 can be alternatively during the driving of the motorized vehicle by the hydraulic machine 2, the inertia of the vehicle driving the sun gear 30 which can be in direct contact, or work in gear with the pump 44 blocked. The ring gear of this planetary gear train 30 then drives in rotation by the first pair of pulleys 92, 94 the shaft of the electric machine 90, which in turn causes the electromagnetic clutch to close, by the second pair of pulleys 96, 98 the shaft of the heat engine 46.
[0062] Pour la chaîne cinématique présentée figure 3, le moteur thermique 46 ne nécessite pas un démarreur électrique spécifique, la machine électrique 90 pouvant assurer cette fonction. For the kinematic chain shown in Figure 3, the engine 46 does not require a specific electric starter, the electric machine 90 can perform this function.
[0063] On notera que la roue-libre 48 permet des transitions rapides et en douceur entre les modes de fonctionnement engagé et désengagé, sans système de commande additionnel, par une simple inversion du couple qui s'applique dessus. Note that the freewheel 48 allows fast and smooth transitions between the operating modes engaged and disengaged, without additional control system, by a simple reversal of the torque that applies to it.

Claims

REVENDICATIONS
1. Chaîne de traction d'un véhicule hybride, comprenant un moteur thermique (46) relié à un premier élément d'un train planétaire (30) disposant d'un deuxième élément relié à une pompe hydraulique (44), et d'un troisième élément relié aux roues motrices du véhicule, cette chaîne de traction comprenant de plus une machine hydraulique (2) reliée aux roues motrices, le premier élément du train planétaire (30) étant lié au moteur thermique (46) par une roue-libre (48) permettant à ce moteur de rester à l'arrêt quand le train planétaire est entraîné par le véhicule en marche avant, ce premier élément étant de plus relié en permanence à un alternateur (50, 90) d'alimentation du réseau de bord (52), ladite chaîne de traction étant caractérisée en ce que l'alternateur (50) est disposé suivant l'axe du train planétaire (30). A traction chain of a hybrid vehicle, comprising a heat engine (46) connected to a first element of a sun gear (30) having a second member connected to a hydraulic pump (44), and a third element connected to the driving wheels of the vehicle, this traction chain further comprising a hydraulic machine (2) connected to the drive wheels, the first element of the sun gear (30) being connected to the heat engine (46) by a freewheel ( 48) allowing this motor to remain stationary when the sun gear is driven by the vehicle in forward movement, this first element being furthermore permanently connected to an alternator (50, 90) for supplying the on-board power supply ( 52), said traction chain being characterized in that the alternator (50) is disposed along the axis of the sun gear (30).
2. Chaîne de traction selon la revendication 1 , caractérisée en ce que le premier élément du train planétaire (30) est la couronne, le deuxième élément est le pignon solaire et le troisième élément est le porte-satellites. 2. traction chain according to claim 1, characterized in that the first element of the sun gear (30) is the crown, the second element is the sun gear and the third element is the planet carrier.
3. Chaîne de traction selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisée en ce que l'alternateur (50, 90) est une machine électrique comportant un fonctionnement réversible, pouvant délivrer un couple moteur. 3. traction chain according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the alternator (50, 90) is an electric machine having a reversible operation, which can deliver a motor torque.
4. Chaîne de traction selon la revendication 3, caractérisée en ce qu'elle comporte un moyen de couplage commandé reliant la machine électrique (90) au moteur thermique (46), permettant de démarrer ce moteur avec cette machine. 4. traction chain according to claim 3, characterized in that it comprises a controlled coupling means connecting the electric machine (90) to the engine (46), for starting the engine with this machine.
5. Chaîne de traction selon la revendication 4, caractérisée en ce que le moyen de couplage est un embrayage électromagnétique. 5. traction chain according to claim 4, characterized in that the coupling means is an electromagnetic clutch.
6. Chaîne de traction selon la revendication 4 ou 5, caractérisée en ce qu'elle comporte une machine électrique (90) disposée parallèlement à l'axe du train planétaire (30), l'arbre de cette machine étant relié par une première transmission de manière permanente au premier élément de ce train planétaire, et par une deuxième transmission comprenant le moyen de couplage, à l'arbre du moteur thermique (46). 6. A traction chain according to claim 4 or 5, characterized in that it comprises an electric machine (90) arranged parallel to the axis of the sun gear (30), the shaft of this machine being connected by a first transmission permanently to the first element of this planetary gear, and by a second transmission comprising the coupling means, to the shaft of the heat engine (46).
7. Chaîne de traction selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisée en ce qu'elle comporte un moyen d'engagement (72) permettant alternativement de bloquer le train planétaire (30), ou de lier le deuxième élément de ce train planétaire à la pompe (44). 7. traction chain according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises an engagement means (72) alternately to block the planetary gear (30), or to bind the second element of the planetary gear. at the pump (44).
8. Procédé de contrôle d'une chaîne de traction selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce qu'à partir d'un mode de fonctionnement comprenant l'entraînement du train planétaire (30) par le moteur thermique (46), quand le conducteur relâche la pédale d'accélérateur, il arrête ce moteur thermique en laissant la roue-libre (48) se désengager. 8. A method of controlling a power train according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that from an operating mode comprising driving the sun gear (30) by the heat engine (46) when the driver releases the accelerator pedal, he stops the engine by letting the freewheel (48) disengage.
9. Véhicule automobile hybride disposant d'une chaîne de traction utilisant l'énergie hydraulique, caractérisé en ce que cette chaîne est réalisée selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 7. 9. Hybrid automobile vehicle having a power train using hydraulic energy, characterized in that this chain is made according to any one of claims 1 to 7.
PCT/FR2014/051386 2013-06-14 2014-06-10 Powertrain of a hydraulic hybrid vehicle, comprising a free wheel and a planetary gear train WO2014199064A1 (en)

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EP14749872.9A EP3007922A1 (en) 2013-06-14 2014-06-10 Powertrain of a hydraulic hybrid vehicle, comprising a free wheel and a planetary gear train
CN201480033824.7A CN105283333B (en) 2013-06-14 2014-06-10 The powertrain for including freewheel and planetary gear train of hydraulic hybrid power vehicles

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FR1355530 2013-06-14
FR1355530A FR3006944B1 (en) 2013-06-14 2013-06-14 TRACTION CHAIN OF A HYDRID HYDRAULIC VEHICLE, COMPRISING A FREE WHEEL AND A PLANETARY TRAIN

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CN (1) CN105283333B (en)
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FR3006944B1 (en) 2016-09-30
EP3007922A1 (en) 2016-04-20
FR3006944A1 (en) 2014-12-19
CN105283333A (en) 2016-01-27
CN105283333B (en) 2018-08-07

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