WO2014178124A1 - Cross polarization antenna device and testing method for portable wireless base station - Google Patents
Cross polarization antenna device and testing method for portable wireless base station Download PDFInfo
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- WO2014178124A1 WO2014178124A1 PCT/JP2013/062653 JP2013062653W WO2014178124A1 WO 2014178124 A1 WO2014178124 A1 WO 2014178124A1 JP 2013062653 W JP2013062653 W JP 2013062653W WO 2014178124 A1 WO2014178124 A1 WO 2014178124A1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
- H01Q21/24—Combinations of antenna units polarised in different directions for transmitting or receiving circularly and elliptically polarised waves or waves linearly polarised in any direction
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/12—Supports; Mounting means
- H01Q1/22—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles
- H01Q1/24—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set
- H01Q1/241—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set used in mobile communications, e.g. GSM
- H01Q1/246—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set used in mobile communications, e.g. GSM specially adapted for base stations
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
- H01Q21/24—Combinations of antenna units polarised in different directions for transmitting or receiving circularly and elliptically polarised waves or waves linearly polarised in any direction
- H01Q21/26—Turnstile or like antennas comprising arrangements of three or more elongated elements disposed radially and symmetrically in a horizontal plane about a common centre
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
- H01Q3/26—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture
Definitions
- a signal transmitted with two orthogonal polarization planes specific to the antenna is captured by antennas with two different polarization planes of the receiving terminal. .
- the two polarization planes on the reception side and the two polarization planes on the transmission side are the same in each case, there is no deterioration in signal strength due to leakage between polarizations, and two communication paths having high independence. Can be formed.
- Adjusting the second phase corrector; and the first, the phase transmitted from the first polarization plane antenna and the signal transmitted from the second polarization plane antenna are in phase. Adjusting the second and third phase correctors; checking whether the antenna pattern and gain need to be readjusted; and determining whether readjustment is necessary in the checking, Position of Los dipole antenna, and a, a step of the cross dipole antenna, the phase corrector, the readjustment of the length of the wiring that connects the distributor.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram simply showing the configuration of a general base station, which is composed of a base station apparatus and a portable radio base station antenna apparatus using a cross dipole antenna.
- reference numeral 11 is a cross polarization antenna device
- 12 is a signal input / output terminal for an A polarization plane antenna
- 13 is a signal input / output terminal for a B polarization plane antenna
- 32 is the length of a feed line between the base station and the antenna.
- An antenna calibration unit for detecting a phase difference caused by a difference in height 33 is a cross dipole antenna
- 34 is an A polarization plane antenna constituting the cross dipole antenna 33
- 35 is a B polarization plane antenna.
- Reference numeral 64 is an input signal to each antenna, 65 is a signal transmitted from the A polarization plane antenna 1 (61) in the far field, 66 is a signal transmitted from the A polarization plane antenna 2 (62), and 67 is A signal transmitted from the A polarization plane antenna N (63), 68 represents a combined signal of signals transmitted from the respective antennas.
- the A-polarization plane signal and the B-polarization plane signal transmitted from the base station apparatus 31 to the array antenna apparatus 11 are corrected by the antenna calibration unit 32 to correct the phase difference due to the difference in signal line length.
- the phase corrector is adjusted so that the signal phase in the polarization plane matches between the A polarization plane antennas of the antenna elements constituting the cross polarization antenna.
- the phase corrector is adjusted between the B polarization plane antennas so that the signal phases coincide only in the polarization plane. For this reason, no attention has been paid to whether the signal transmitted from the A-polarization plane antenna and the signal transmitted from the B-polarization plane antenna are actually in phase.
- the phase of the signal transmitted from the A polarization plane antenna A 1,1 is delayed by ⁇ from the signal transmitted from the B polarization plane antenna B 1,1 .
- the polarization plane generated by the antenna element 24 is transmitted as an elliptical polarization instead of a linear polarization, and the cross polarization recognition degree (XPD) deteriorates.
- (III) shows a transmission polarization plane in an ideal case where the phase error ⁇ in the antenna is zero.
- FIG. 7 is a diagram for explaining an example of polarizations taken by two signal sequences during MIMO transmission. As in FIG. 6, when there is a phase difference in the signal line from the signal input / output terminal to the distributor, elliptical polarization occurs as shown in (IV).
- the signal of the A polarization plane antenna and the signal of the B polarization plane antenna are in phase.
- the phase corrector of the present invention can be configured with a microstrip as described above. Further, the length of the signal line can be set. In this case, the phase is adjusted by adjusting the length of the signal line. Further, the phase corrector can be a combination of microstrip and cable length.
- the antenna configuration is different for each pole. For this reason, in the test stage, the phase is adjusted for each pole. Accordingly, the phase correctors 27, 49, 59 of the array antenna device of each pole are adjusted separately and have different values.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
- Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)
Abstract
Provided is a portable wireless base station antenna device such that polarization planes are aligned. In a portable base station antenna device using n cross-dipole antennae, each of the cross-dipole antennae comprises first and second polarization plane antennae which transmit and receive signals in first and second polarization states. The first and second polarization plane antennae, using first and second phase correctors, have prescribed antenna patterns and gain in first and second polarization planes. Polarizations which the first and second polarization planes generate are linear rather than elliptical polarizations. First and second signal I/O terminals are connected with first and second splitters and first and second signal lines which allocate signals to the n first and second polarization plane antennae, and further comprise third phase correctors in either the first or second signal lines, wherein, if the same signal is inputted into the first and second I/O terminals, the polarizations which the first and second polarization planes generate are made into linear polarizations rather than elliptical polarizations using the phase correctors.
Description
本発明は、携帯無線基地局に用いる２つの直交する偏波面をもつアンテナ装置に関し、特に、上記２つの偏波面への入力信号の加算、減算を行なって上記偏波面の回転を行なっても、生成される偏波面が直線偏波となり、偏波面間のアイソレーションを保持できるアンテナ装置及びその試験方法に関する。
The present invention relates to an antenna device having two orthogonal polarization planes used in a mobile radio base station, and in particular, even if the polarization plane is rotated by adding and subtracting input signals to the two polarization planes, BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to an antenna device that can generate a linear polarization plane and maintain isolation between polarization planes and a test method thereof.
移動体通信において、複数のアンテナを基地局と端末双方に使用して通信をするMulti-Input-Multi-Output (MIMO)や上記構成で端末には一つのアンテナを持つMult-input-Single-Output (MISO)という通信の形態がある。これらの通信形態を効率的に構築するためには、複数ある基地局アンテナは高いアンテナ間アイソレーションが必要である。この実現のためには、アンテナ相互の離隔距離を取って実装する方法と、アンテナ相互の偏波面が異なるように実装する方法がある。偏波面でアイソレーションを取る場合はアンテナの各々の偏波面が直交するときに高いアンテナ間アイソレーションが実現できる。このアンテナ構成は一般に交差偏波アンテナと呼ばれている。
In mobile communication, Multi-Input-Multi-Output (MIMO) that uses multiple antennas for both base stations and terminals, and Mult-input-Single-Output with one antenna in the above configuration There is a form of communication called (MISO). In order to efficiently construct these communication modes, a plurality of base station antennas require high antenna isolation. In order to realize this, there are a method of mounting with a separation distance between the antennas and a method of mounting so that the polarization planes of the antennas are different. In the case of obtaining isolation in the plane of polarization, high inter-antenna isolation can be realized when the planes of polarization of the antennas are orthogonal. This antenna configuration is generally called a cross polarization antenna.
移動体通信において、一般的に、交差偏波アンテナは、アンテナの大きさに対する厳しい制限のない基地局側に設置される。交差偏波アンテナとして、２つのダイポールアンテナが直交するよう構成されたクロスダイポールアンテナがある。クロスダイポールアンテナの１つの例として、偏波面が＋４５°となる偏波面アンテナとそれに直交するよう偏波面が－４５°となる偏波面アンテナを組み合わせた構成とすることができる。
In mobile communication, a cross-polarized antenna is generally installed on the base station side where there is no strict limitation on the size of the antenna. As a cross polarization antenna, there is a cross dipole antenna configured such that two dipole antennas are orthogonal to each other. As an example of the cross dipole antenna, a configuration in which a polarization plane antenna having a polarization plane of + 45 ° and a polarization plane antenna having a polarization plane of −45 ° orthogonal to the polarization plane can be used.
基地局では、クロスダイポールアンテナをアンテナ素子としたアレイアンテナを構成することができる。このようなアレイアンテナ装置の例として、特許文献１がある。
In the base station, an array antenna using a cross dipole antenna as an antenna element can be configured. There exists patent document 1 as an example of such an array antenna apparatus.
携帯無線基地局で用いる交差偏波アンテナ装置の設計及び試験段階においては、アンテナ利得を持たせるために、通常複数のクロスダイポールアンテナ素子を縦配列する。この縦配列は「コラム（列）」もしくはポールと呼ばれる。各ポールは直交する偏波面をもつ２つのアンテナを構成し、一つのポールに属し、且つ同一の偏波面をもつダイポールから輻射される信号が、遠方界で同位相となるように調整する。次に、他の一方の偏波面を構成するダイポールアンテナ間で遠方界に於いて同位相となるように調整が行われる。このとき、希望するアンテナパターンを得るため、位相と同時に、振幅も調整することもある。
In designing and testing a cross-polarized antenna device used in a portable radio base station, a plurality of cross-dipole antenna elements are usually arranged vertically in order to provide antenna gain. This vertical arrangement is called a “column” or pole. Each pole constitutes two antennas having orthogonal polarization planes, and is adjusted so that signals radiated from dipoles belonging to one pole and having the same polarization plane have the same phase in the far field. Next, adjustment is performed so that the dipole antennas constituting the other polarization plane have the same phase in the far field. At this time, in order to obtain a desired antenna pattern, the amplitude may be adjusted simultaneously with the phase.
しかし、一つのポールに属する、直交した偏波面をもつ二つのアンテナ間の位相は調和しているものとして、２つのアンテナから送信される信号の位相について、現状、検査は行われていない。
However, the phase between the two antennas belonging to one pole and having orthogonal polarization planes is in harmony, and the phase of signals transmitted from the two antennas is not currently inspected.
MIMOやMISOを実施するにあたり、基地局から送出される信号は、交差偏波アンテナの２つの直交した偏波面で送出される。特に、MIMOの場合は、２つの異なる信号を同時に、且つ直交した異なる偏波面で送出することで、独立した２つの通信路を持つことができる。しかし、実環境では、基地局と端末との間における電波の経路における回折や反射によって偏波面間でのクロストークが生じ、端末の受信地点での上記偏波面の直交性は大なり小なり劣化する。２つの偏波面の直交性は交差偏波認識度（Cross Polarization Discrimination: XPD）で表される。交差偏波アンテナを用いたMIMOではXPDの絶対値が大きいほど２つの偏波面間の直交性が高く、偏波面毎に生成される２つの通信路の独立性も高く、従って効率のよいMIMO通信が可能になる。
In implementing MIMO and MISO, signals transmitted from the base station are transmitted on two orthogonal polarization planes of the cross-polarized antenna. In particular, in the case of MIMO, it is possible to have two independent communication paths by sending two different signals simultaneously and at different orthogonal polarization planes. However, in a real environment, crosstalk occurs between the polarization planes due to diffraction and reflection in the radio wave path between the base station and the terminal, and the orthogonality of the polarization plane at the reception point of the terminal is greatly reduced or deteriorated. To do. The orthogonality between the two polarization planes is expressed by the cross polarization recognition degree (Cross Polarization Discrimination: XPD). In MIMO using cross-polarized antennas, the greater the absolute value of XPD, the higher the orthogonality between the two polarization planes, and the greater the independence of the two communication paths generated for each polarization plane. Is possible.
交差偏波アンテナを備えた基地局がMIMO通信を行うために、アンテナに固有な直交する二つの偏波面で送出された信号は、受信端末の二つの異なる偏波面をもったアンテナで捕捉される。この時、受信側の二つの偏波面と送信側の二つの偏波面が、各々に於いて同一であれば、偏波間漏洩による信号強度の劣化はなく、高い独立性をもった二つの通信路を形成することができる。
In order for a base station equipped with a cross-polarized antenna to perform MIMO communication, a signal transmitted with two orthogonal polarization planes specific to the antenna is captured by antennas with two different polarization planes of the receiving terminal. . At this time, if the two polarization planes on the reception side and the two polarization planes on the transmission side are the same in each case, there is no deterioration in signal strength due to leakage between polarizations, and two communication paths having high independence. Can be formed.
しかしながら、一般的な端末のアンテナは、偏波面は端末の姿勢そのもので決定され、基地局と同一の、もしくは近似した偏波面を常に持つことは概ね不可能である。このため、端末の偏波面に対して偏波交叉が小さくなるような偏波面で基地局が信号を送出することが望まれる。
However, the polarization plane of a general terminal antenna is determined by the attitude of the terminal itself, and it is almost impossible to always have the same or approximate polarization plane as the base station. For this reason, it is desired that the base station transmits a signal with a polarization plane in which the polarization crossing is small with respect to the polarization plane of the terminal.
その一つの方法として、交差偏波を持つ基地局アンテナの偏波面を端末のアンテナが持つ偏波面に適合するように回転させることが挙げられる。交差偏波アンテナへの、もともと二つの入力を加算・減算してから、各々のアンテナに入力することでアンテナ固有の直交した偏波面を全体的に回転させることができる。しかしながら、アンテナ固有の二つの直交した偏波面の間で位相にずれがある場合、新たに生成された偏波面は、互いに直交した直線偏波面とはならず、二つの楕円偏波となる。
One method is to rotate the polarization plane of the base station antenna having cross polarization to match the polarization plane of the terminal antenna. By originally adding and subtracting two inputs to the cross-polarized antenna and then inputting them to each antenna, the orthogonal plane of polarization unique to the antenna can be rotated as a whole. However, when there is a phase shift between two orthogonal polarization planes specific to the antenna, the newly generated polarization planes are not two orthogonal polarization planes, but two elliptical polarization planes.
生成された二つの楕円偏波の交差偏波認識度（XPD）は、20log(長軸/短軸)で表され、アンテナ固有の２つ直交した直線偏波面より著しく直交性が失われることになる。それによって、基地局から送信される二つの通信路の独立性が損なわれ、MIMOの効率が著しく低下する原因となる。
The cross polarization recognition (XPD) between the two elliptical polarizations generated is expressed by 20log (long axis / short axis), and the orthogonality is significantly lost from the two orthogonal linear polarization planes inherent to the antenna. Become. As a result, the independence of the two communication paths transmitted from the base station is lost, which causes a significant reduction in MIMO efficiency.
本発明は、２つの直交した偏波面を持つ交差偏波アンテナに於いて、各々の偏波面から送出される信号間で位相が同一となるように調整されたクロスダイポールアンテナを用いるアレイアンテナ装置を提供することを目的とする。
The present invention relates to an array antenna apparatus that uses a crossed dipole antenna that has been adjusted so that the phases of signals transmitted from each polarization plane are the same in a cross polarization antenna having two orthogonal polarization planes. The purpose is to provide.
また、本発明は、２つの偏波面アンテナ間で位相が調整されるアレイアンテナ装置の試験方法を提供することを目的とする。
It is another object of the present invention to provide a test method for an array antenna apparatus in which the phase is adjusted between two polarization plane antennas.
本発明は、Ｎ個のクロスダイポールアンテナを用いた携帯基地局アンテナ装置であって、前記クロスダイポールアンテナの各々は、第１の偏波状態で信号を送受信する第１の偏波面アンテナ、及び前記第１の偏波状態と直交する第２の偏波状態で信号を送受信する第２の偏波面アンテナを有し、基地局装置との間で信号を伝送するための第１の信号入出力端子と第２の信号入出力端子を更に有し、Ｎ個の前記第１の偏波面アンテナは、それぞれのアンテナに接続される第１の位相補正器を用いて、第１の偏波面に於いて所定のアンテナパターンと利得を持ち、Ｎ個の前記第２の偏波面アンテナは、それぞれのアンテナに接続される第２の位相補正器を用いて、第２の偏波面に於いて所定のアンテナパターンと利得を持ち、且つ、前記第１の偏波面と第２の偏波面が生成する偏波は、前記第１の信号入出力端子と前記第２の信号入出力端子に同一信号を入力した場合に、楕円偏波ではなく直線偏波となり、前記第１の信号入出力端子は、前記Ｎ個の第１の偏波面アンテナに信号を割当てる第１の分配器と第１の信号線で接続され、前記第２の信号入出力端子は、前記Ｎ個の第２の偏波面アンテナに信号を割当てる第２の分配器と第２の信号線で接続され、前記第１の信号入出力端子と前記第１の分配器との間の前記第１の信号線、又は前記第２の信号入出力端子と前記第２の分配器との間の前記第２の信号線に第３の位相補正器を備え、前記第３の位相補正器のみ、または前記第１、第２、第３の位相補正器を用いて、前記第１の偏波面と、前記第２の偏波面が生成する偏波が、前記第１の信号入出力端子と前記第２の信号入出力端子に同一信号を入力した場合に、楕円偏波ではなく直線偏波となる。
The present invention is a mobile base station antenna device using N cross dipole antennas, each of the cross dipole antennas including a first polarization plane antenna that transmits and receives a signal in a first polarization state, and A first signal input / output terminal having a second polarization plane antenna that transmits and receives a signal in a second polarization state orthogonal to the first polarization state, and for transmitting the signal to and from the base station device And the second signal input / output terminals, and the N first polarization plane antennas are arranged in the first polarization plane using a first phase corrector connected to each antenna. Each of the N second polarization plane antennas having a predetermined antenna pattern and gain has a predetermined antenna pattern in the second polarization plane by using a second phase corrector connected to each antenna. And a gain, and the first When the same signal is input to the first signal input / output terminal and the second signal input / output terminal, the polarization generated by the wavefront and the second polarization plane becomes a linear polarization instead of an elliptical polarization, The first signal input / output terminal is connected to a first distributor that assigns a signal to the N first polarization plane antennas through a first signal line, and the second signal input / output terminal is connected to the first signal input / output terminal. The first distributor between the first signal input / output terminal and the first distributor is connected to a second distributor that assigns a signal to N second polarization plane antennas by a second signal line. Signal line, or the second signal line between the second signal input / output terminal and the second distributor, a third phase corrector is provided, and only the third phase corrector, or Using the first, second, and third phase correctors, the first polarization plane and the polarization generated by the second polarization plane are If you enter the same signal to the first signal input-output terminal and said second signal input terminal, a linearly polarized wave instead of elliptically polarized waves.
また、本発明は、Ｎ個のクロスダイポールアンテナを備え、前記クロスダイポールアンテナの各々は、第１の偏波状態で信号を送受信する第１の偏波面アンテナ、及び前記第１の偏波状態と直交する第２の偏波状態で信号を送受信する第２の偏波面アンテナを有し、基地局装置との間で信号を伝送するための第１の信号入出力端子と第２の信号入出力端子を更に有し、前記第１の信号入出力端子は、Ｎ個の前記第１の偏波面アンテナに信号を割当てる第１の分配器と第１の信号線で接続され、前記第２の信号入出力端子は、Ｎ個の前記第２の偏波面アンテナに信号を割当てる第２の分配器と第２の信号線で接続され、前記第１の信号入出力端子と前記第１の分配器との間の第１の信号線、又は前記第２の信号入出力端子と前記第２の分配器との間の第２の信号線に第３の位相補正器を備えた携帯基地局アンテナ装置の試験方法であって、前記Ｎ個の第１の偏波面アンテナが所定のアンテナパターンと利得を持つように、それぞれのアンテナに接続される第１の位相補正器を調整するステップと、前記Ｎ個の第２の偏波面アンテナが所定のアンテナパターンと利得を持つように、それぞれのアンテナに接続される第２の位相補正器を調整するステップと、前記第１の偏波面アンテナから送信される信号と前記第２の偏波面アンテナから送信される信号の位相が同位相となるよう、前記第１、第２、第３の位相補正器を調整するステップと、前記アンテナパターン及び利得の再調整が必要であるか検査するステップと、前記検査において、再調整が必要であると判断された場合、前記クロスダイポールアンテナの位置、及び前記クロスダイポールアンテナ、前記位相補正器、前記分配器を接続する配線の長さの再調整をするステップと、を有する。
The present invention also includes N cross dipole antennas, each of the cross dipole antennas including a first polarization plane antenna that transmits and receives signals in a first polarization state, and the first polarization state. A first signal input / output terminal and a second signal input / output for transmitting signals to and from the base station apparatus, having a second polarization plane antenna that transmits and receives signals in the second orthogonal polarization state The first signal input / output terminal is connected to a first distributor that assigns a signal to the N first polarization plane antennas by a first signal line, and the second signal The input / output terminal is connected to a second distributor that assigns a signal to the N second polarization plane antennas by a second signal line, and the first signal input / output terminal, the first distributor, A first signal line between the second signal input / output terminal and the second distributor A test method for a mobile base station antenna device having a third phase corrector on a second signal line between the N signal planes, wherein the N first polarization plane antennas have a predetermined antenna pattern and gain. And adjusting the first phase corrector connected to each antenna, and connecting the N second polarization plane antennas to each antenna so as to have a predetermined antenna pattern and gain. Adjusting the second phase corrector; and the first, the phase transmitted from the first polarization plane antenna and the signal transmitted from the second polarization plane antenna are in phase. Adjusting the second and third phase correctors; checking whether the antenna pattern and gain need to be readjusted; and determining whether readjustment is necessary in the checking, Position of Los dipole antenna, and a, a step of the cross dipole antenna, the phase corrector, the readjustment of the length of the wiring that connects the distributor.
携帯無線基地局に用いられる交差偏波アンテナに於いて、２つの偏波アンテナから送出される信号間の位相が同一となるように、偏波アンテナ間の位相を調整しておくことにより、端末アンテナの偏波面に適合するように、基地局アンテナ入力の信号を相互に加算・減算することで、基地局アンテナに固有な偏波面を回転させた時に、新しく生成される二つの偏波面は、楕円偏波ではなく直線偏波とすることができ、MIMO、MISO通信路を形成する際に、独立性の高い２つの通信路を形成することができ、MIMO、MISOの効率を向上することができる。
In a cross-polarized antenna used in a portable radio base station, the terminal is adjusted by adjusting the phase between the polarized antennas so that the phase between the signals transmitted from the two polarized antennas is the same. Two polarization planes newly generated when rotating the polarization plane specific to the base station antenna by adding / subtracting the signals of the base station antenna input to each other so as to match the polarization plane of the antenna, It can be linearly polarized instead of elliptically polarized, and when forming MIMO and MISO channels, two highly independent channels can be formed, improving the efficiency of MIMO and MISO. it can.
以下図面を参照して、基地局アレイアンテナ装置について説明する。しかしながら、本発明が、図面又は以下に記載される実施形態に限定されるものではないことを理解されたい。
Hereinafter, the base station array antenna apparatus will be described with reference to the drawings. However, it should be understood that the invention is not limited to the drawings or the embodiments described below.
なお、以下の説明では、携帯無線基地局アンテナ装置から信号を送信する際の偏波面アンテナ間の位相のずれについて説明するが、移動端末からの信号を携帯基地局アンテナ装置で受信する場合も同様である。
In the following description, the phase shift between the polarization plane antennas when a signal is transmitted from the portable radio base station antenna apparatus will be described. However, the same applies to the case where the signal from the mobile terminal is received by the portable base station antenna apparatus. It is.
図２は、一般的な基地局の構成を簡単に示した図であり、基地局装置とクロスダイポールアンテナを用いた携帯無線基地局アンテナ装置により構成される。図２において、参照番号１１は交差偏波アンテナ装置、１２はA偏波面アンテナ用信号入出力端子、１３はＢ偏波面アンテナ用信号入出力端子、３２は基地局とアンテナ間の給電線の長さの違い等で生じる位相差を検出するためのアンテナキャリブレーション部、３３はクロスダイポールアンテナ、３４はクロスダイポールアンテナ３３を構成するA偏波面アンテナ、３５はB偏波面アンテナを表す。基地局アレイアンテナは、複数のポールを用いたマルチポールアレイアンテナとすることができるが、図２は、１つのポールによるアレイアンテナ装置１１を示すものとする。また、クロスダイポールアンテナ３３は、複数のアンテナ素子をまとめて表したものとする。更に、参照番号３１は基地局装置、３６はA偏波面アンテナ用信号線、３７はB偏波面アンテナ用信号線を表す。また、図示されていないが、アンテナキャリブレーション部３２における位相誤差を検出するための信号線（位相検出線）を有する。
FIG. 2 is a diagram simply showing the configuration of a general base station, which is composed of a base station apparatus and a portable radio base station antenna apparatus using a cross dipole antenna. In FIG. 2, reference numeral 11 is a cross polarization antenna device, 12 is a signal input / output terminal for an A polarization plane antenna, 13 is a signal input / output terminal for a B polarization plane antenna, and 32 is the length of a feed line between the base station and the antenna. An antenna calibration unit for detecting a phase difference caused by a difference in height, 33 is a cross dipole antenna, 34 is an A polarization plane antenna constituting the cross dipole antenna 33, and 35 is a B polarization plane antenna. The base station array antenna may be a multi-pole array antenna using a plurality of poles, but FIG. 2 shows the array antenna apparatus 11 using one pole. In addition, the cross dipole antenna 33 represents a plurality of antenna elements collectively. Further, reference numeral 31 denotes a base station apparatus, 36 denotes an A polarization plane antenna signal line, and 37 denotes a B polarization plane antenna signal line. Although not shown, the antenna calibration unit 32 has a signal line (phase detection line) for detecting a phase error.
基地局から移動端末に送信される信号は、基地局装置３１において、A偏波面信号とB偏波面信号に分離される。A偏波面信号は、A偏波面アンテナ用信号線３６を通じて、A偏波面アンテナ用信号入出力端子１２に入力される。アレイアンテナ装置１１に入力されたA偏波面信号は、A偏波面アンテナ３４から送信される。同様に、Ｂ偏波面信号は、Ｂ偏波面アンテナ用信号線３７を通じて、Ｂ偏波面アンテナ用信号入出力端子１３に入力され、Ｂ偏波面アンテナ３５から送信される。
A signal transmitted from the base station to the mobile terminal is separated into an A polarization plane signal and a B polarization plane signal in the base station apparatus 31. The A polarization plane signal is input to the A polarization plane antenna signal input / output terminal 12 through the A polarization plane antenna signal line 36. The A polarization plane signal input to the array antenna device 11 is transmitted from the A polarization plane antenna 34. Similarly, the B polarization plane signal is input to the B polarization plane antenna signal input / output terminal 13 through the B polarization plane antenna signal line 37 and transmitted from the B polarization plane antenna 35.
A偏波面アンテナ用信号線３６とB偏波面アンテナ用信号線３７では、必ずしも信号線の長さは同一ではなく、長さの違いにより位相差が生じてしまう。例えば、基地局アンテナと移動端末アンテナとの間で送受信に使用される無線信号の周波数が2 GHzである場合、無線信号の波長は15 cm程度である。アレイアンテナ装置１１と基地局装置３１との間の信号線３６、３７においても、無線信号と同じ周波数を持つ信号が伝送される。このため、信号線長の数cmが、信号位相の数十度に相当することになる。アレイアンテナ装置１１と基地局装置３１は、通常、数mから数十m離れて設置されるため、A偏波面アンテナ用信号線３６とB偏波面アンテナ用信号線３７の信号線長を全くの同一として、信号位相差を零とすることは困難である。
In the A-polarization plane antenna signal line 36 and the B-polarization plane antenna signal line 37, the lengths of the signal lines are not necessarily the same, and a phase difference occurs due to the difference in length. For example, when the frequency of a radio signal used for transmission and reception between the base station antenna and the mobile terminal antenna is 2 GHz, the wavelength of the radio signal is about 15 cm. Also on the signal lines 36 and 37 between the array antenna apparatus 11 and the base station apparatus 31, a signal having the same frequency as the radio signal is transmitted. For this reason, several cm of the signal line length corresponds to several tens of degrees of the signal phase. Since the array antenna device 11 and the base station device 31 are usually installed at a distance of several meters to several tens of meters, the signal line lengths of the A polarization plane antenna signal line 36 and the B polarization plane antenna signal line 37 are completely different. As the same, it is difficult to make the signal phase difference zero.
アンテナキャリブレーション部３２は、アレイアンテナ装置１１と基地局装置３１との間で生じる信号線間の位相差を補正するものである。アンテナキャリブレーション部３２では、基地局装置３１からアレイアンテナ装置１１に送信するA偏波面信号又はＢ偏波面信号の送信タイミングを予め調整し、A偏波面アンテナ用信号入出力端子１２及びＢ偏波面アンテナ用信号入出力端子１３における、各々の位相を、位相検出線を通して基地局３１にフィードバックさせ比較することで検出できる。検出された位相差は、例えば、A偏波面信号がB偏波面信号に比べ、50°遅れていると判断された場合、A偏波面信号を50°進ませて送信することで、信号線長に起因する位相差を吸収する。
The antenna calibration unit 32 corrects a phase difference between signal lines generated between the array antenna apparatus 11 and the base station apparatus 31. In the antenna calibration unit 32, the transmission timing of the A polarization plane signal or B polarization plane signal transmitted from the base station apparatus 31 to the array antenna apparatus 11 is adjusted in advance, and the signal input / output terminal 12 for the A polarization plane antenna and the B polarization plane are adjusted. Each phase at the antenna signal input / output terminal 13 can be detected by feeding it back to the base station 31 through a phase detection line for comparison. For example, if it is determined that the A-polarization plane signal is delayed by 50 ° compared to the B-polarization plane signal, the detected phase difference is transmitted by advancing the A-polarization plane signal by 50 °. Absorbs the phase difference caused by.
図３は、アレイアンテナ装置１１をより詳細に示した図である。アレイアンテナを構成するアンテナ素子数がNであるとする。図３において、参照番号１４はＡ偏波面入力信号IN A1、１５はＢ偏波面入力信号IN B1、１６はA偏波面アンテナ用分配器、１７はB偏波面アンテナ用分配器、２４はクロスダイポールアンテナ（１、１）、２５はクロスダイポールアンテナ（１、２）、２６はクロスダイポールアンテナ（１、N）を表す。分配器１６、１７は、各アンテナ素子に所望の電力で信号を割り振るものである。クロスダイポールアンテナは、A偏波面アンテナとB偏波面アンテナから構成される。例えば、クロスダイポールアンテナ（１、１）２４は、A偏波面アンテナA1,1とB偏波面アンテナB1,1から構成される。また、参照番号１８はA偏波面アンテナA1,1用位相補正器、１９はA偏波面アンテナA1,2用位相補正器、２０はA偏波面アンテナA1,N用位相補正器、２１はB偏波面アンテナB1,1用位相補正器、２２はB偏波面アンテナB1,2用位相補正器、２３はB偏波面アンテナB1,N用位相補正器を表す。位相補正器は、各偏波面アンテナが所定のアンテナパターンと利得を持つように、N個のアンテナ素子の内、その偏波面を構成するN個のダイポール間の位相、及び振幅を調整するものである。
FIG. 3 is a diagram showing the array antenna device 11 in more detail. Assume that the number of antenna elements constituting the array antenna is N. In FIG. 3, reference numeral 14 is an A polarization plane input signal IN A 1 , 15 is a B polarization plane input signal IN B 1 , 16 is an A polarization plane antenna distributor, 17 is a B polarization plane antenna distributor, and 24 is Cross dipole antennas (1, 1) and 25 represent cross dipole antennas (1, 2), and 26 represents a cross dipole antenna (1, N). The distributors 16 and 17 allocate signals to each antenna element with desired power. The cross dipole antenna is composed of an A polarization plane antenna and a B polarization plane antenna. For example, the cross dipole antenna (1, 1) 24 includes an A-polarization plane antenna A 1,1 and a B-polarization plane antenna B 1,1 . Reference numeral 18 is a phase corrector for the A polarization plane antenna A 1,1 , 19 is a phase corrector for the A polarization plane antenna A 1,2 , 20 is a phase corrector for the A polarization plane antenna A 1, N , 21 Is a phase corrector for the B polarization plane antenna B 1,1 , 22 is a phase corrector for the B polarization plane antenna B 1, 2 , and 23 is a phase corrector for the B polarization plane antenna B 1, N. The phase corrector adjusts the phase and amplitude between the N dipoles constituting the polarization plane of the N antenna elements so that each polarization plane antenna has a predetermined antenna pattern and gain. is there.
アレイアンテナの各アンテナ素子の位相調整方法の例を図８に示す。ここで説明する方法は、アンテナの設計・試作試験段階で行われるものである。図８には、１つのポールにおけるA偏波面アンテナが所定のアンテナパターンと利得を持つように、この偏波面を構成する個々のダイポールの位相調整する例が示される。この図には描かれていないが、所要のアンテナパターンを得るために、振幅も個々に調整する場合もある。この様な調整は、１つのポールに対して行われ、またA及びBの偏波面アンテナ毎に行われる。図８において、参照番号６１はA偏波面アンテナ１、６２はA偏波面アンテナ２、６３はA偏波面アンテナNを表す。また、参照番号６４は各アンテナへの入力信号、６５は遠方界におけるA偏波面アンテナ１（６１）から送信された信号、６６はA偏波面アンテナ２（６２）から送信された信号、６７はA偏波面アンテナN（６３）から送信された信号、６８は各アンテナから送信された信号の合成信号を表す。
An example of the phase adjustment method for each antenna element of the array antenna is shown in FIG. The method described here is performed at the stage of antenna design / trial test. FIG. 8 shows an example in which the phases of individual dipoles constituting this polarization plane are adjusted so that the A polarization plane antenna in one pole has a predetermined antenna pattern and gain. Although not depicted in this figure, the amplitude may also be individually adjusted to obtain the required antenna pattern. Such adjustment is performed for one pole and for each of the A and B polarization plane antennas. In FIG. 8, reference numeral 61 denotes an A polarization plane antenna 1, 62 denotes an A polarization plane antenna 2, and 63 denotes an A polarization plane antenna N. Reference numeral 64 is an input signal to each antenna, 65 is a signal transmitted from the A polarization plane antenna 1 (61) in the far field, 66 is a signal transmitted from the A polarization plane antenna 2 (62), and 67 is A signal transmitted from the A polarization plane antenna N (63), 68 represents a combined signal of signals transmitted from the respective antennas.
このようなアンテナの試験は、通常、外部からの電波の影響がなく、且つ内部で電波の反射のない電波暗室で行われる。遠方界は、送信アンテナから十分に離れた位置、例えば、十数ｍ以上離れた位置である。遠方界の所定の位置に設置された受信アンテナにおいて、各アンテナ素子のA偏波面アンテナから送信された信号が同位相で受信され、この結果、合成された信号６８が最大の振幅を示すよう、各アンテナの位相補正器１８、１９、２０が調整される。所要アンテナパターンを実現するために、各位相補正機では振幅も調整することもある。
Such an antenna test is usually performed in an anechoic chamber that is not affected by external radio waves and has no internal radio wave reflection. The far field is a position sufficiently away from the transmission antenna, for example, a position away from the tens of meters. In the receiving antenna installed at a predetermined position in the far field, the signals transmitted from the A polarization plane antenna of each antenna element are received in the same phase, and as a result, the synthesized signal 68 shows the maximum amplitude. The phase correctors 18, 19, and 20 of each antenna are adjusted. In order to realize a required antenna pattern, each phase corrector may also adjust the amplitude.
位相、及び振幅を補正するための位相補正器１８、１９、２０は、例えば、マイクロストリップで構成することができる。また、アンテナ素子間を結ぶ信号線長とすることもできる。上記のように、信号線長により信号の位相が決定される。位相差が生じないよう信号線長が設計されるが、実装時には誤差が含まれ、またアンテナ素子にはんだ付けされる際の状態によっても誤差が生じる可能性がある。このため、信号線長を微調整すること、あるいはマイクロストリップの導体の厚さを微調整することで、遠方界において、各アンテナ素子から送信された信号が同位相で受信されるよう調整が行われる。このような状態は、各アンテナ素子から信号が同位相で送信されることと同等である。試験段階において、各アンテナ素子の位相補正器の値が決定されると、その値を用いて、実際の製品が製造されることになる。
The phase correctors 18, 19, and 20 for correcting the phase and the amplitude can be constituted by, for example, a microstrip. Also, the signal line length connecting the antenna elements can be set. As described above, the signal phase is determined by the signal line length. The signal line length is designed so as not to cause a phase difference. However, an error is included at the time of mounting, and the error may also occur depending on a state when soldering to the antenna element. For this reason, by finely adjusting the signal line length or finely adjusting the thickness of the conductor of the microstrip, adjustment is performed so that signals transmitted from the antenna elements are received in the same phase in the far field. Is called. Such a state is equivalent to a signal transmitted from each antenna element in the same phase. When the value of the phase corrector of each antenna element is determined in the test stage, the actual product is manufactured using the value.
同様の処理が、Ｂ偏波面アンテナに対しても行われる。
The same processing is performed for the B polarization plane antenna.
図３に示すように、、基地局装置３１からアレイアンテナ装置１１に伝送されるＡ偏波面信号とＢ偏波面信号は、アンテナキャリブレーション部３２により信号線長の差による位相差を補正する方策が講じられている。また、アンテナの試作・試験段階において、交差偏波アンテナを構成するアンテナ素子のＡ偏波面アンテナ間では、その偏波面での信号位相が一致するように位相補正器の調整が行われており、またＢ偏波面アンテナ間では、その偏波面でのみ信号位相が一致するように位相補正器の調整が行われている。このため、実際に、Ａ偏波面アンテナから送信された信号とＢ偏波面アンテナから送信された信号が同位相であるかについて、全く注意が払われてこなかった。
As shown in FIG. 3, the A-polarization plane signal and the B-polarization plane signal transmitted from the base station apparatus 31 to the array antenna apparatus 11 are corrected by the antenna calibration unit 32 to correct the phase difference due to the difference in signal line length. Has been taken. In addition, in the prototype / test stage of the antenna, the phase corrector is adjusted so that the signal phase in the polarization plane matches between the A polarization plane antennas of the antenna elements constituting the cross polarization antenna. In addition, the phase corrector is adjusted between the B polarization plane antennas so that the signal phases coincide only in the polarization plane. For this reason, no attention has been paid to whether the signal transmitted from the A-polarization plane antenna and the signal transmitted from the B-polarization plane antenna are actually in phase.
しかし、アレイアンテナ装置１１の信号入出力端子１２、１３から分配器１６、１７に信号が伝送される部分、位相補正器１８、１９、２０、２１、２２、２３に伝送される部分、更にアンテナ素子２４、２５、２６に伝送される部分は、信号線で接続されており、実際にはＡ偏波面アンテナ素子A1,1とA偏波面信号入出力端子１２の間の位相差と、B偏波面アンテナ素子B1,1とB偏波面信号入出力端子１３の間の位相差は必ずしも同一とは限らない。即ち、アレイアンテナ装置１１のA偏波面信号入出力端子１２と、B偏波面信号入出力端子１３に同一信号を入力した場合、アンテナ素子２４を構成する、Ａ偏波面アンテナ素子A1,1とB偏波面アンテナ素子B1,1から上記信号が同一位相で送出されるとは限らない。
However, a portion where signals are transmitted from the signal input / output terminals 12 and 13 of the array antenna device 11 to the distributors 16 and 17, a portion where signals are transmitted to the phase correctors 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, and 23, and an antenna. The portions transmitted to the elements 24, 25, and 26 are connected by signal lines. Actually, the phase difference between the A polarization plane antenna element A 1,1 and the A polarization plane signal input / output terminal 12 and B The phase difference between the polarization plane antenna element B 1,1 and the B polarization plane signal input / output terminal 13 is not necessarily the same. That is, the A polarization signal input and output terminal 12 of the array antenna system 11, if you enter the same signal to the B polarization signal input and output terminal 13, constituting the antenna element 24, an A polarization antenna element A 1, 1 The above signals are not always transmitted in the same phase from the B polarization plane antenna element B 1,1 .
図６は、信号入出力端子から分配器までの信号線内において位相差が生じる例を示した図である。例えば図３で、アレイアンテナ装置１１のA偏波面信号入出力端子１２と、B偏波面信号入出力端子１３に同一信号を入力した場合、アンテナ素子２４を構成する、Ａ偏波面アンテナ素子A1,1はB偏波面アンテナ素子B1,1よりα遅い位相を持つとする。図６の(I)に示されるように、入出力端子１２、１３でのＡ偏波面信号とＢ偏波面信号は同位相である。しかし、(II)に示されるように、Ａ偏波面アンテナA1,1から送信される信号の位相は、Ｂ偏波面アンテナB1,1から送信される信号よりα遅れる。この場合、アンテナ素子２４で生成される偏波面は（IV）に示すように信号は直線偏波とならずに、楕円偏波となって送出され、交差偏波認識度（XPD）は劣化する。（III）はアンテナ内部での位相誤差αがゼロである理想的な場合での送出偏波面を示す。
FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating an example in which a phase difference occurs in a signal line from a signal input / output terminal to a distributor. For example, in FIG. 3, when the same signal is input to the A polarization plane signal input / output terminal 12 and the B polarization plane signal input / output terminal 13 of the array antenna apparatus 11, the A polarization plane antenna element A 1 constituting the antenna element 24 is formed. , 1 is assumed to have a phase α slower than that of the B-polarization plane antenna element B 1,1 . As shown in (I) of FIG. 6, the A polarization plane signal and the B polarization plane signal at the input / output terminals 12 and 13 are in phase. However, as shown in (II), the phase of the signal transmitted from the A polarization plane antenna A 1,1 is delayed by α from the signal transmitted from the B polarization plane antenna B 1,1 . In this case, as shown in (IV), the polarization plane generated by the antenna element 24 is transmitted as an elliptical polarization instead of a linear polarization, and the cross polarization recognition degree (XPD) deteriorates. . (III) shows a transmission polarization plane in an ideal case where the phase error α in the antenna is zero.
また、図７は、MIMO送信時の２つの信号系列のとる偏波の例を説明した図である。図６と同様に、信号入出力端子から分配器までの信号線内において位相差がある場合、（IV）に示すように楕円偏波となる。
FIG. 7 is a diagram for explaining an example of polarizations taken by two signal sequences during MIMO transmission. As in FIG. 6, when there is a phase difference in the signal line from the signal input / output terminal to the distributor, elliptical polarization occurs as shown in (IV).
一つのポールを構成する他のアンテナ素子も同様に、A偏波面アンテナとB偏波面アンテナとの相対的な位相差があれば、そのアンテナ素子からは楕円偏波で信号が送出され、アンテナ全体での偏波面は直線偏波から楕円偏波に劣化していく。
Similarly, if there is a relative phase difference between the A-polarization plane antenna and the B-polarization plane antenna, the other antenna elements that make up one pole will send out signals with elliptical polarization from that antenna element, and the entire antenna The plane of polarization at the surface deteriorates from linearly polarized waves to elliptically polarized waves.
本発明は、図１に示される位相補正器１８～２３で位相と振幅を調整し、各アンテナ素子毎に、それを構成するA偏波面アンテナとB偏波面アンテナが同位相を保ち、且つ、一つのポールで構成されるアンテナアレイ全体として、所定のA偏波面とB偏波面の各々のアンテナパターンと利得が得られる位相補正器を備えることである。
In the present invention, the phase correctors 18 to 23 shown in FIG. 1 are used to adjust the phase and amplitude, and for each antenna element, the A polarization plane antenna and the B polarization plane antenna constituting it maintain the same phase, and The entire antenna array composed of one pole is provided with a phase corrector capable of obtaining each antenna pattern and gain of a predetermined A polarization plane and B polarization plane.
また、本発明は、アンテナ素子ごとに、A偏波面とB偏波面での位相差をなくすのではなく、一つのポールからなるアレイアンテナ全体として、そのA偏波面とB偏波面の間の位相差を、ベストエフォートで矯正するために一つの位相補正器２７を備えるものである。位相補正器２７は、例えば、マイクロストリップで構成することができる。図１において、位相補正器２７は、Ａ偏波面アンテナに対して設置しているが、Ｂ偏波面アンテナに対して設置しても良く（即ち、信号入出力端子１３と分配器１７との間）、また両方の偏波面アンテナに対して設置することもできる。
In addition, the present invention does not eliminate the phase difference between the A polarization plane and the B polarization plane for each antenna element, but the entire array antenna including one pole is positioned between the A polarization plane and the B polarization plane. One phase corrector 27 is provided to correct the phase difference at best effort. The phase corrector 27 can be constituted by, for example, a microstrip. In FIG. 1, the phase corrector 27 is installed with respect to the A polarization plane antenna, but may be installed with respect to the B polarization plane antenna (that is, between the signal input / output terminal 13 and the distributor 17). It can also be installed for both polarization antennas.
本発明の位相補正器２７は、試作試験段階において調整を行うものとする。本発明における位相調整の処理の流れを図４に示す。上記のように、まず、Ａ偏波面アンテナとＢ偏波面アンテナで個別に調整が行われる。ステップＳ１０１において、各アンテナ素子のＡ偏波面アンテナの位相が調整される。更に、ステップＳ１０２において、各アンテナ素子のＢ偏波面アンテナの位相が調整される。ステップＳ１０３に於いてA偏波面とB偏波面が同位相になるように、調整される。各アンテナの調整は、各アンテナに接続する位相補正器により行われる。ステップＳ１０１とステップＳ１０２の順序を逆とすることもできる。この後、ステップＳ１０４において、Ａ偏波面アンテナとＢ偏波面アンテナから送信された信号を遠方界に置かれた受信アンテナで受信し、各々の偏波面でのアンテナパターンや利得がずれた場合は、ステップＳ１０５に有るように、アンテナ素子の位置、反射版の位置や構造、部材等の調整を行い、再びＳ１０１から作業を進める。A偏波面とB偏波面の位相差、各々のアンテナパターンと利得が所要のものとなった場合に作業を終える。
Suppose that the phase corrector 27 of the present invention is adjusted in the prototype test stage. The flow of phase adjustment processing in the present invention is shown in FIG. As described above, first, adjustment is performed individually for the A polarization plane antenna and the B polarization plane antenna. In step S101, the phase of the A polarization plane antenna of each antenna element is adjusted. Further, in step S102, the phase of the B polarization plane antenna of each antenna element is adjusted. In step S103, the A polarization plane and the B polarization plane are adjusted to be in phase. Adjustment of each antenna is performed by a phase corrector connected to each antenna. The order of step S101 and step S102 can also be reversed. Thereafter, in step S104, when the signals transmitted from the A polarization plane antenna and the B polarization plane antenna are received by the reception antenna placed in the far field, and the antenna pattern and gain in each polarization plane are shifted, As in step S105, the position of the antenna element, the position and structure of the reflecting plate, the members, and the like are adjusted, and the operation proceeds from S101 again. When the phase difference between the A polarization plane and the B polarization plane and the respective antenna patterns and gains are required, the work is finished.
簡易的に、A偏波面、B偏波面各々のアンテナパターンと利得が調整された時点で一つの偏波面が、それを構成する一つのアンテナ素子で代表できると仮定すれば、そのアンテナ素子が生成する二つの偏波面の位相関係を調べることで、Ａ偏波面アンテナとＢ偏波面アンテナの位相差を小さくする様に位相補正器２７を調整することも可能である。
For simplicity, assuming that one polarization plane can be represented by one of the antenna elements that make up the antenna pattern and gain for each of the A and B polarization planes, the antenna elements are generated. By examining the phase relationship between the two polarization planes, the phase corrector 27 can be adjusted to reduce the phase difference between the A polarization plane antenna and the B polarization plane antenna.
アンテナの偏波面は、アンテナパターンの様にアンテナ近傍の環境に大きくは左右されない。このため、本発明の位相補正器２７の調整、及び図４におけるＳ１０３は、近方界において行うこともできる。近方界は、使用する波長の数分の１であり、例えば２GHｚならばアンテナから数cmの位置である。直交するアンテナ偏波面間の位相のズレは、アンテナ素子入力に同一信号を入力した場合楕円偏波として観測される。従って、この状態で各アンテナ素子の正面に構成された測定用ダイポールアンテナを、各アンテナの電気的中心を一つにして近傍界に置き、それを回転させることで、楕円偏波の電力包絡線が読み取れる。二つの偏波面から送出される信号が同位相ならば、生成される偏波は一つの直線偏波となる。この場合、直線偏波面に直交した偏波面に測定用ダイポールを回転させれば、感知される電力は大きく減衰することで、直線偏波となっているかどうか確かめることができる。すなわち、二つの直交する偏波面から信号が同位相で送出されているか判断できる。この時、３６０°回転させた時に検出した最大電力と最小電力の比の対数、１０Log(最大値/最長値)がXPDとなる。
The polarization plane of the antenna is not greatly affected by the environment near the antenna like the antenna pattern. Therefore, the adjustment of the phase corrector 27 of the present invention and S103 in FIG. 4 can be performed in the near field. The near field is a fraction of the wavelength used. For example, if it is 2 GHz, it is a few cm from the antenna. The phase shift between orthogonal antenna polarization planes is observed as elliptically polarized waves when the same signal is input to the antenna element input. Therefore, the measurement dipole antenna constructed in front of each antenna element in this state is placed in the near field with one electrical center of each antenna, and is rotated so that an elliptically polarized power envelope is obtained. Can be read. If the signals transmitted from the two polarization planes are in phase, the generated polarization becomes one linear polarization. In this case, if the measurement dipole is rotated in a polarization plane orthogonal to the linear polarization plane, the sensed electric power is greatly attenuated, so that it can be confirmed whether the polarization is linear polarization. That is, it can be determined whether signals are transmitted in the same phase from two orthogonal polarization planes. At this time, the logarithm of the ratio between the maximum power and the minimum power detected when rotating 360 °, 10 Log (maximum value / longest value) is XPD.
その他のアンテナ素子においても、同様に、Ａ偏波面アンテナの信号とＢ偏波面アンテナの信号が同位相になると想定することが可能である。あるいは、複数のアンテナ素子に対して、近方界における位相調整を行うことで、より高い精度での位相調整が可能となる。
Similarly, in other antenna elements, it is possible to assume that the signal of the A polarization plane antenna and the signal of the B polarization plane antenna are in phase. Alternatively, it is possible to perform phase adjustment with higher accuracy by performing phase adjustment in the near field for a plurality of antenna elements.
本発明の位相補正器は、上記のようにマイクロストリップで構成することができる。また、信号線の長さとすることができる。この場合、信号線の長さを調整することで、位相の調整を行う。更に、位相補正器は、マイクロストリップとケーブル長の組み合わせとすることもできる。
The phase corrector of the present invention can be configured with a microstrip as described above. Further, the length of the signal line can be set. In this case, the phase is adjusted by adjusting the length of the signal line. Further, the phase corrector can be a combination of microstrip and cable length.
図５は、基地局アレイアンテナ装置をマルチポールで構成した図である。ポール数をＭとしている。図５において、参照番号１１はポール１のアレイアンテナ装置、４１はポール２のアレイアンテナ装置、５１はポールＭのアレイアンテナ装置を表す。また、参照番号４２、４３はポール２のアレイアンテナ装置４１の信号入出力端子、４４、４５はＡ偏波面信号とＢ偏波面信号、４６～４８はクロスダイポールアンテナ、４９は位相補正器を表す。同様に、参照番号５２、５３はポールＭのアレイアンテナ装置５１の信号入出力端子、５４、５５はＡ偏波面信号とＢ偏波面信号、５６～５８はクロスダイポールアンテナ、５９は位相補正器を表す。
FIG. 5 is a diagram in which the base station array antenna apparatus is configured by multipoles. M is the number of poles. In FIG. 5, reference numeral 11 denotes an array antenna device of pole 1, 41 denotes an array antenna device of pole 2, and 51 denotes an array antenna device of pole M. Reference numerals 42 and 43 are signal input / output terminals of the array antenna device 41 of pole 2, 44 and 45 are A polarization plane signals and B polarization plane signals, 46 to 48 are cross dipole antennas, and 49 is a phase corrector. . Similarly, reference numerals 52 and 53 are signal input / output terminals of the pole M array antenna device 51, 54 and 55 are A polarization plane signals and B polarization plane signals, 56 to 58 are cross dipole antennas, and 59 is a phase corrector. To express.
基地局アレイアンテナ装置では、一般的に、所望のアンテナパターンを形成するため、ポール毎にアンテナ構成が異なる。このため、試験段階においては、ポール毎に位相の調整が行われる。従って、各ポールのアレイアンテナ装置の位相補正器２７、４９、５９は、別個に調整され、異なる値を有することになる。
In the base station array antenna apparatus, in general, in order to form a desired antenna pattern, the antenna configuration is different for each pole. For this reason, in the test stage, the phase is adjusted for each pole. Accordingly, the phase correctors 27, 49, 59 of the array antenna device of each pole are adjusted separately and have different values.
Claims (4)
- Ｎ個のクロスダイポールアンテナを用いた携帯基地局アンテナ装置であって、
前記クロスダイポールアンテナの各々は、第１の偏波状態で信号を送受信する第１の偏波面アンテナ、及び前記第１の偏波状態と直交する第２の偏波状態で信号を送受信する第２の偏波面アンテナを有し、
基地局装置との間で信号を伝送するための第１の信号入出力端子と第２の信号入出力端子を更に有し、
Ｎ個の前記第１の偏波面アンテナは、それぞれのアンテナに接続される第１の位相補正器を用いて、第１の偏波面に於いて所定のアンテナパターンと利得を持ち、Ｎ個の前記第２の偏波面アンテナは、それぞれのアンテナに接続される第２の位相補正器を用いて、第２の偏波面に於いて所定のアンテナパターンと利得を持ち、且つ、前記第１の偏波面と第２の偏波面が生成する偏波は、前記第１の信号入出力端子と前記第２の信号入出力端子に同一信号を入力した場合に、楕円偏波ではなく直線偏波となり、
前記第１の信号入出力端子は、前記Ｎ個の第１の偏波面アンテナに信号を割当てる第１の分配器と第１の信号線で接続され、前記第２の信号入出力端子は、前記Ｎ個の第２の偏波面アンテナに信号を割当てる第２の分配器と第２の信号線で接続され、
前記第１の信号入出力端子と前記第１の分配器との間の前記第１の信号線、又は前記第２の信号入出力端子と前記第２の分配器との間の前記第２の信号線に第３の位相補正器を備え、
前記第３の位相補正器のみ、または前記第１、第２、第３の位相補正器を用いて、前記第１の偏波面と、前記第２の偏波面が生成する偏波が、前記第１の信号入出力端子と前記第２の信号入出力端子に同一信号を入力した場合に、楕円偏波ではなく直線偏波となる、携帯基地局アンテナ装置。 A mobile base station antenna device using N cross dipole antennas,
Each of the cross dipole antennas includes a first polarization plane antenna that transmits and receives signals in a first polarization state, and a second that transmits and receives signals in a second polarization state that is orthogonal to the first polarization state. With a polarization plane antenna
A first signal input / output terminal and a second signal input / output terminal for transmitting signals to and from the base station apparatus;
The N first polarization plane antennas have a predetermined antenna pattern and gain in the first polarization plane using a first phase corrector connected to each antenna, and the N number of the first polarization plane antennas The second polarization plane antenna has a predetermined antenna pattern and gain in the second polarization plane using the second phase corrector connected to each antenna, and the first polarization plane When the same signal is input to the first signal input / output terminal and the second signal input / output terminal, the polarization generated by the second polarization plane becomes a linear polarization instead of an elliptical polarization,
The first signal input / output terminal is connected to a first distributor that assigns a signal to the N first polarization plane antennas through a first signal line, and the second signal input / output terminal is connected to the first signal input / output terminal. Connected to a second distributor for assigning signals to the N second polarization plane antennas by a second signal line;
The first signal line between the first signal input / output terminal and the first distributor, or the second signal line between the second signal input / output terminal and the second distributor. The signal line has a third phase corrector,
Using only the third phase corrector, or using the first, second, and third phase correctors, the first polarization plane and the polarization generated by the second polarization plane are A mobile base station antenna device that is not elliptically polarized but linearly polarized when the same signal is input to one signal input / output terminal and the second signal input / output terminal. - 前記第３の位相補正器は、マイクロストリップで構成される、請求項１に記載の携帯基地局アンテナ装置。 The mobile base station antenna device according to claim 1, wherein the third phase corrector is formed of a microstrip.
- Ｎ個のクロスダイポールアンテナを備え、前記クロスダイポールアンテナの各々は、第１の偏波状態で信号を送受信する第１の偏波面アンテナ、及び前記第１の偏波状態と直交する第２の偏波状態で信号を送受信する第２の偏波面アンテナを有し、
基地局装置との間で信号を伝送するための第１の信号入出力端子と第２の信号入出力端子を更に有し、
前記第１の信号入出力端子は、Ｎ個の前記第１の偏波面アンテナに信号を割当てる第１の分配器と第１の信号線で接続され、前記第２の信号入出力端子は、Ｎ個の前記第２の偏波面アンテナに信号を割当てる第２の分配器と第２の信号線で接続され、
前記第１の信号入出力端子と前記第１の分配器との間の第１の信号線、又は前記第２の信号入出力端子と前記第２の分配器との間の第２の信号線に第３の位相補正器を備えた携帯基地局アンテナ装置の試験方法であって、
前記Ｎ個の第１の偏波面アンテナが所定のアンテナパターンと利得を持つように、それぞれのアンテナに接続される第１の位相補正器を調整するステップと、
前記Ｎ個の第２の偏波面アンテナが所定のアンテナパターンと利得を持つように、それぞれのアンテナに接続される第２の位相補正器を調整するステップと、
前記第１の偏波面アンテナから送信される信号と前記第２の偏波面アンテナから送信される信号の位相が同位相となるよう、前記第１、第２、第３の位相補正器を調整するステップと、
前記アンテナパターン及び利得の再調整が必要であるか検査するステップと、
前記検査において、再調整が必要であると判断された場合、前記クロスダイポールアンテナの位置、及び前記クロスダイポールアンテナ、前記位相補正器、前記分配器を接続する配線の長さの再調整をするステップと、
を有する携帯基地局アンテナ装置の試験方法。 N cross dipole antennas, each of the cross dipole antennas includes a first polarization plane antenna that transmits and receives signals in a first polarization state, and a second polarization orthogonal to the first polarization state. A second polarization antenna that transmits and receives signals in a wave state;
A first signal input / output terminal and a second signal input / output terminal for transmitting signals to and from the base station apparatus;
The first signal input / output terminal is connected to a first distributor that assigns a signal to the N first polarization plane antennas by a first signal line, and the second signal input / output terminal is connected to N A second distributor for assigning a signal to the second polarization plane antennas, and a second signal line;
A first signal line between the first signal input / output terminal and the first distributor, or a second signal line between the second signal input / output terminal and the second distributor; A mobile base station antenna device comprising a third phase corrector,
Adjusting the first phase corrector connected to each antenna so that the N first polarization plane antennas have a predetermined antenna pattern and gain;
Adjusting a second phase corrector connected to each antenna so that the N second polarization plane antennas have a predetermined antenna pattern and gain;
The first, second, and third phase correctors are adjusted so that the signal transmitted from the first polarization plane antenna and the signal transmitted from the second polarization plane antenna have the same phase. Steps,
Checking if readjustment of the antenna pattern and gain is necessary;
In the inspection, if it is determined that readjustment is necessary, readjusting the position of the cross dipole antenna and the length of the wiring connecting the cross dipole antenna, the phase corrector, and the distributor When,
A test method for a mobile base station antenna apparatus having - 前記位相補正器を調整するステップは、前記第３の位相補正器のみを調整する、請求項３に記載の携帯基地局アンテナ装置の試験方法。 The method of testing a mobile base station antenna device according to claim 3, wherein the step of adjusting the phase corrector adjusts only the third phase corrector.
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| PCT/JP2013/062653 WO2014178124A1 (en) | 2013-04-30 | 2013-04-30 | Cross polarization antenna device and testing method for portable wireless base station |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| PCT/JP2013/062653 WO2014178124A1 (en) | 2013-04-30 | 2013-04-30 | Cross polarization antenna device and testing method for portable wireless base station |
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| WO2014178124A1 true WO2014178124A1 (en) | 2014-11-06 |
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| PCT/JP2013/062653 WO2014178124A1 (en) | 2013-04-30 | 2013-04-30 | Cross polarization antenna device and testing method for portable wireless base station |
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN107785664A (en) * | 2016-08-30 | 2018-03-09 | 中国电子科技集团公司信息科学研究院 | A kind of Variable Polarization Antenna and Variable Polarization Antenna array |
| CN109964369A (en) * | 2016-11-18 | 2019-07-02 | 华为技术有限公司 | A kind of antenna system, a kind of mapping method and device of virtual-antenna port |
| CN112467385A (en) * | 2020-10-27 | 2021-03-09 | 北京空间飞行器总体设计部 | Base station antenna common aperture plane REV amplitude phase correction method |
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| CN112467385B (en) * | 2020-10-27 | 2023-11-07 | 北京空间飞行器总体设计部 | Base station antenna common-port surface REV amplitude-phase correction method |
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