WO2014174166A1 - Ball-ended piston/connecting-rod assembly - Google Patents
Ball-ended piston/connecting-rod assembly Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2014174166A1 WO2014174166A1 PCT/FR2014/050641 FR2014050641W WO2014174166A1 WO 2014174166 A1 WO2014174166 A1 WO 2014174166A1 FR 2014050641 W FR2014050641 W FR 2014050641W WO 2014174166 A1 WO2014174166 A1 WO 2014174166A1
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- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- piston
- connecting rod
- assembly according
- lubricant
- spherical
- Prior art date
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Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16J—PISTONS; CYLINDERS; SEALINGS
- F16J1/00—Pistons; Trunk pistons; Plungers
- F16J1/08—Constructional features providing for lubrication
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16J—PISTONS; CYLINDERS; SEALINGS
- F16J1/00—Pistons; Trunk pistons; Plungers
- F16J1/10—Connection to driving members
- F16J1/14—Connection to driving members with connecting-rods, i.e. pivotal connections
- F16J1/22—Connection to driving members with connecting-rods, i.e. pivotal connections with universal joint, e.g. ball-joint
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16J—PISTONS; CYLINDERS; SEALINGS
- F16J1/00—Pistons; Trunk pistons; Plungers
- F16J1/10—Connection to driving members
- F16J1/24—Connection to driving members designed to give the piston some rotary movement about its axis
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02F—CYLINDERS, PISTONS OR CASINGS, FOR COMBUSTION ENGINES; ARRANGEMENTS OF SEALINGS IN COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02F3/00—Pistons
- F02F3/0015—Multi-part pistons
- F02F3/0023—Multi-part pistons the parts being bolted or screwed together
Definitions
- the present invention relates to the field of piston machines.
- the invention relates more particularly to piston-connecting rod assemblies whose piston is hinged to the connecting rod by a ball joint.
- the operating cycle of a four-stroke piston engine is analytically decomposed into four stages or phases: intake, compression, (combustion) expansion, exhaust.
- intake, compression, (combustion) expansion, exhaust The movement of the piston is initiated by the combustion of a mixture of fuel and air that takes place during this cycle.
- the piston moves during start-up through an external power source, often through a starter, until at least one combustion and trigger produces a force capable of providing the other three times .
- the motor then works alone and produces a torque on its output shaft.
- the Segment - Piston - Jacket zone represents a high share of friction motor losses.
- TDC Top Dead Point
- TDC Low Dead Point
- Document GB2361517 discloses an assembly comprising a piston and a connecting rod, the articulation between the piston and the connecting rod being ensured by a ball joint connection. Such articulation allows the rotation of the piston about its axis. A central channel in the body of the connecting rod brings the lubricating oil to the ball joint. However this arrangement does not allow to control the lubrication regime for maintaining a lubricant film in particular at Top Dead Point and Low Dead Point.
- Document US1904126 discloses an assembly comprising a piston and a connecting rod, the articulation between the piston and the connecting rod being ensured by a ball joint connection. Such articulation allows the rotation of the piston about its axis.
- the piston is forced in rotation to uniformize the wear of the skirt, the rotational force being created by the thrust of the combustion gases on a suitable shape of the piston head.
- this arrangement does not allow more to control the lubrication regime for maintaining a lubricant film in particular at Top Dead Point and Low Dead Point.
- the problem underlying the invention is to control the lubrication regime of the joint connecting the piston and the connecting rod of a piston-rod assembly.
- An object of the present invention is to provide an assembly comprising a piston and a connecting rod connected by a hinge whose structure allows a control of the lubrication regime of the joint and the maintenance of a lubricant film in particular at the passage of the Dead Center High and Low Dead Point.
- an assembly comprising a piston having a central axis, a connecting rod, the piston being articulated on the connecting rod by a ball joint connection between a spherical surface belonging to the piston and a spherical surface belonging to the connecting rod means for supplying a lubricant under pressure so that it is inserted between the two surfaces, the ball joint comprising on one of the spherical surfaces lubricant guiding means arranged so that the lubricant brought to circulate therein. Viscous friction causes the piston to rotate about its central axis.
- the guide means comprise a groove.
- the guide means have an arc shape.
- the guide means have a spiral shape.
- the guiding means extend from an outlet orifice of the lubricant supply means.
- the rod is held in translation relative to the piston by means of a closure cup attached to the piston.
- the connecting rod comprises a spherical end for the ball joint, the spherical end being removable.
- the spherical tip comprises a lubrication port of the contact interface with the closure cup.
- the piston comprises segments each comprising an opening, the segments being locked in rotation in a position where the openings are not facing each other.
- the invention also relates to a piston machine comprising an assembly according to any one of the previously described variants.
- the piston machine is an internal combustion engine.
- FIG. 1 is an axial sectional view of a piston-rod assembly of the invention.
- FIG. 2 is a perspective view, with the piston in section of the connection between the piston and the connecting rod.
- FIG. 3 is a perspective view of a spherical tip comprising a lubricant guide groove arranged on the surface of the sphere.
- FIG. 4 is a perspective view of a variant for which the lubricant guide groove is formed in the spherical surface of the piston.
- FIG. 5 is a perspective view of a spherical tip comprising a lubrication groove of the contact interface between the spherical tip and the closure cup.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram detailing the physical principle of the invention. detailed description
- Figure 1 shows an axial section of an embodiment of a rod-piston assembly of the invention.
- This rod-piston assembly is intended to equip preferably a piston 4 thermal engine.
- the assembly 1 comprises a piston 2 and a connecting rod 3.
- the piston 2 extends cylindrically along a central axis Z.
- the seal between the piston 2 and the sleeve 23 of the piston engine alternative is provided classically by sealing segments 22.
- the piston 2 is articulated on the rod 3 by a ball joint connection between a spherical surface S1 belonging to the piston and a spherical surface S2 belonging to the connecting rod 3.
- the connecting rod 3 comprises three parts:
- a connecting rod cap 6 intended to be fixed on the core 5 and which delimits therewith a circular bore 7.
- This part is conventionally called a small end, a spherical end 8 forming the small end.
- the lubricating oil enters through the inlet orifice 10 at the level of the circular bore, through the inner pipe 9 and opens at the ball joint connection through the outlet orifice 1 1 to come s' interposing between the two surfaces S1, S2, forming an oil film and reducing the friction between the two surfaces S1, S2.
- the piston 2 may comprise a volume 20, such as a spherical cap, set back from the spherical surface S1 and making it possible to make an oil reserve.
- the spherical tip 8 is a removable piece which comprises a gripping zone 12 surmounted by a sphere 13 for the ball joint connection.
- the spherical tip 8 can be assembled on the core 5 of the connecting rod by screwing the nozzle 8 directly on the core 5 of the connecting rod.
- it is provided on the gripping zone 12 flats 14 which allow the use of a tool for gripping the tip 8 and its screwing on the core 5 of the rod 3.
- the rod 3 is held in translation relative to the piston 2 by means of a closure cup 15 fixed to the piston.
- the closure cup 15 is held by two screws 16, 16 'fixing.
- the ball joint comprises a groove 17 extending from the spiral-shaped exit orifice 1 1 on the spherical surface S 2 belonging to the connecting rod 3.
- this groove 17 in Spiral shape forms lubricant guide means.
- the displacement of the lubricant circulated in the groove 17 causes, by viscous friction on the surface S1, the piston 2 rotated about its central axis Z.
- This forced rotation of the piston 2 allows to always have a differential speed between the two surfaces S1, S2 and avoid passing through a zero differential speed and a limit lubrication regime with contact friction between the two surfaces.
- a groove has the advantage of being easy to produce, for example by machining.
- the spiral has the advantage of precisely guiding the lubricant over a long distance
- Figure 6 shows another example in which the lubricant guiding means has an arcuate shape 21 extending from the outlet port 1 1.
- the arc makes the lubricant follow a determined path.
- the lubricant punctually has a vector velocity V.
- This vector which can be decomposed in a plane perpendicular to the central axis Z according to a radial component Vn and a tangential component Vt.
- This tangential component Vt generates a viscous friction which causes the piston to rotate about its central axis Z.
- the same principle applies to the spiral.
- the lubricant guiding means make the lubricant follow a path which causes the lubricant to have a speed component allowing the piston to be rotated about its central axis Z, when the piston is at the top dead center or low dead point, by viscous friction generated by this speed component.
- FIG. 3 shows a variant in which the spherical tip 8 comprises an additional oil outlet orifice 18 at the interface 19 (see FIG. closure cup 15 and the sphere 13 to improve the lubrication of this interface 19.
- FIG. 4 shows a variant in which the groove 17 is arranged on the spherical surface S1 of the piston 2.
- the spiral-shaped groove 17 acts as a means of guiding the lubricant arranged so that the lubricant supplied to the piston circulating leads by viscous friction the piston 2 in rotation about its central axis Z ( Figure 1).
- the spiral extending from a point 22 which is substantially in front of the outlet orifice 1 1 of the lubricant supply means, when the piston and the connecting rod are aligned ( Figure 1).
- FIG. 5 shows a variant in which an additional groove 17 'is arranged on the spherical surface S2 of the spherical tip 8 at the interface 19 (see FIG. 2) of contact between the closure cup 15 and the sphere 13 to improve the lubrication of this interface 19.
- the groove 17 ' is shown spirally, but the effect sought in this case is the lubrication and not the rotation of the piston.
- the spherical surface S1 of the piston 2 constitutes the female part of the ball joint while the surface S2 of the spherical end constitutes the male part of the ball joint.
- the reverse can be provided, ie a spherical surface S1 of the piston 2 constituting the male part of the ball joint and a spherical surface S2 of the spherical tip 8 constituting the female part of the ball joint.
- the ball joint may equally well comprise, on one of the spherical surfaces S1, S2, lubricant guiding means as described above.
- the guide means may be formed by a series of cells arranged on one of the surfaces forming a suitable path for the lubricant, for example in the form of an arc or a spiral.
- sealing segments 22 each include an opening to be arranged on the piston.
- the rotation of the piston can cause these segments to rotate.
- the rotation of these segments will pass through a phase during which the openings of the segments will be face to face and thus let the oil present on the jacket and / or the gases contained in the cylinder. It is thus possible to provide sealing segments locked in rotation in a so-called sealed position, that is to say in a position where the openings are not facing each other.
- the locking in rotation of each segment can be achieved by a stop pin.
- This rotation of the piston takes place during the entire operating cycle of the engine and more particularly at top dead center and bottom dead center.
- the expected order of magnitude of the rotational speed of the piston is between 10 and 50 rpm for an oil pressure of about 4 bar.
- the use of a piston-rod-type connection by ball joint makes it possible to increase the area available for transferring the pressure force from the piston to the connecting rod and thus to tolerate higher load levels.
- the invention also makes it possible to reduce engine friction losses on an engine cycle by promoting the establishment of a lubrication regime that keeps the lubricant film throughout the operating cycle.
- the invention makes it possible to reduce frictional motor losses, which results in a reduction in carbon dioxide emissions.
- the piston-rod assembly of the invention can equip piston machines other than an internal combustion engine.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Pistons, Piston Rings, And Cylinders (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to an assembly (1) comprising a piston (2) having a central axis (Z), a connecting rod (3), the piston (2) being articulated to the connecting rod (3) by a ball joint between a spherical surface (S1) belonging to the piston and a spherical surface (S2) belonging to the connecting rod (3), means of supplying a lubricant under pressure so that it infiltrates between the two surfaces (S1, S2), characterized in that the ball joint comprises, on one of the spherical surfaces (S1, S2), lubricant guide means configured in such a way that the lubricant forced to circulate therein through viscous friction causes the piston (2) to rotate about the central axis (Z) thereof.
Description
ENSEMBLE PISTON-BIELLE A ROTULE PISTON-ROD ASSEMBLY
Domaine technique de l'invention Technical field of the invention
La présente invention se rapporte au domaine des machines à piston. L'invention se rapporte plus particulièrement aux ensembles piston-bielle dont le piston est articulé sur la bielle par une rotule. The present invention relates to the field of piston machines. The invention relates more particularly to piston-connecting rod assemblies whose piston is hinged to the connecting rod by a ball joint.
Arrière-plan technologique Technological background
Le cycle de fonctionnement d'un moteur à combustion interne à piston dit à 4 temps se décompose de manière analytique en quatre temps ou phases : admission, compression, (combustion) détente, échappement. Le mouvement du piston est initié par la combustion d'un mélange de carburant et d'air qui a lieu durant ce cycle. The operating cycle of a four-stroke piston engine is analytically decomposed into four stages or phases: intake, compression, (combustion) expansion, exhaust. The movement of the piston is initiated by the combustion of a mixture of fuel and air that takes place during this cycle.
Le piston se déplace pendant le démarrage grâce à une source d'énergie externe, souvent par l'intermédiaire d'un démarreur, jusqu'à ce qu'au moins une combustion et une détente produise une force capable d'assurer les trois autres temps. Le moteur fonctionne dès lors seul et produit un couple sur son arbre de sortie. The piston moves during start-up through an external power source, often through a starter, until at least one combustion and trigger produces a force capable of providing the other three times . The motor then works alone and produces a torque on its output shaft.
Afin de réduire la consommation et donc les émissions polluantes, sans faire de concession sur la puissance, il est connu de réduire la cylindrée du moteur tout en augmentant la puissance délivrée par chaque cylindre. Cependant une telle augmentation de la puissance conduit à une augmentation des pressions dans les cylindres, ce qui induit des problèmes de tenue mécaniques et d'augmentation de perte moteur par frottement encore désigné PMF. In order to reduce consumption and therefore polluting emissions, without compromising power, it is known to reduce the engine displacement while increasing the power delivered by each cylinder. However, such an increase in power leads to an increase in the pressures in the cylinders, which induces mechanical resistance problems and frictional motor loss increase, also referred to as PMF.
Le piston coulissant dans une chemise, la zone Segment - Piston - Chemise représente une part élevée des pertes moteur par frottement. En effet, l'établissement d'une vitesse nulle au Point Mort Haut (PMH) et au Point Mort Bas (PMB) durant le fonctionnement classique d'un moteur à quatre temps implique des régimes de lubrifications limites avec un frottement important métal-métal, car les surfaces ne sont plus séparées par l'huile, et par conséquent une forte augmentation des PMF à ces deux stades. With the piston sliding in a jacket, the Segment - Piston - Jacket zone represents a high share of friction motor losses. Indeed, the establishment of a zero velocity at Top Dead Point (TDC) and Low Dead Point (TDC) during the conventional operation of a four-stroke engine implies limiting lubrication regimes with a high metal-to-metal friction because the surfaces are no longer separated by the oil, and therefore a strong increase of the PMF at these two stages.
On connaît du document GB2361517 un ensemble comprenant un piston et une bielle, l'articulation entre le piston et la bielle étant assurée par une liaison par rotule. Une telle articulation autorise la rotation du piston autour de son axe. Un canal central aménagé dans le corps de la bielle amène l'huile de lubrification à la rotule. Cependant cet
agencement ne permet pas de maîtriser le régime de lubrification permettant le maintien d'un film lubrifiant en particulier au Point Mort Haut et au Point Mort Bas. Document GB2361517 discloses an assembly comprising a piston and a connecting rod, the articulation between the piston and the connecting rod being ensured by a ball joint connection. Such articulation allows the rotation of the piston about its axis. A central channel in the body of the connecting rod brings the lubricating oil to the ball joint. However this arrangement does not allow to control the lubrication regime for maintaining a lubricant film in particular at Top Dead Point and Low Dead Point.
On connaît encore du document US1904126 un ensemble comprenant un piston et une bielle, l'articulation entre le piston et la bielle étant assurée par une liaison par rotule. Une telle articulation autorise la rotation du piston autour de son axe. Dans cet ensemble, le piston est forcé en rotation pour uniformiser l'usure de la jupe, la force de rotation étant créée par la poussée des gaz de combustion sur une forme adaptée de tête du piston. Cependant cet agencement ne permet pas plus de maîtriser le régime de lubrification permettant le maintien d'un film lubrifiant en particulier au Point Mort Haut et au Point Mort Bas. Document US1904126 discloses an assembly comprising a piston and a connecting rod, the articulation between the piston and the connecting rod being ensured by a ball joint connection. Such articulation allows the rotation of the piston about its axis. In this assembly, the piston is forced in rotation to uniformize the wear of the skirt, the rotational force being created by the thrust of the combustion gases on a suitable shape of the piston head. However, this arrangement does not allow more to control the lubrication regime for maintaining a lubricant film in particular at Top Dead Point and Low Dead Point.
Par conséquent, le problème à la base de l'invention est de maîtriser le régime de lubrification de l'articulation reliant le piston et la bielle d'un ensemble piston-bielle. Therefore, the problem underlying the invention is to control the lubrication regime of the joint connecting the piston and the connecting rod of a piston-rod assembly.
Un but de la présente invention est de proposer un ensemble comprenant un piston et une bielle relié par une articulation dont la structure permet une maîtrise du régime de lubrification de l'articulation et le maintien d'un film lubrifiant en particulier au passage du Point Mort Haut et du Point Mort Bas. An object of the present invention is to provide an assembly comprising a piston and a connecting rod connected by a hinge whose structure allows a control of the lubrication regime of the joint and the maintenance of a lubricant film in particular at the passage of the Dead Center High and Low Dead Point.
Pour atteindre cet objectif, il est prévu selon l'invention un ensemble comprenant un piston ayant un axe central, une bielle, le piston étant articulé sur la bielle par une liaison rotule entre une surface sphérique appartenant au piston et une surface sphérique appartenant à la bielle, des moyens d'amenée d'un lubrifiant sous pression pour qu'il s'intercale entre les deux surfaces, la liaison rotule comprenant sur une des surfaces sphériques des moyens de guidage du lubrifiant aménagés de sorte que le lubrifiant amené à y circuler entraine par frottement visqueux le piston en rotation autour de son axe central. To achieve this objective, an assembly is provided according to the invention comprising a piston having a central axis, a connecting rod, the piston being articulated on the connecting rod by a ball joint connection between a spherical surface belonging to the piston and a spherical surface belonging to the connecting rod means for supplying a lubricant under pressure so that it is inserted between the two surfaces, the ball joint comprising on one of the spherical surfaces lubricant guiding means arranged so that the lubricant brought to circulate therein. Viscous friction causes the piston to rotate about its central axis.
De préférence, les moyens de guidage comprennent une gorge. Preferably, the guide means comprise a groove.
De préférence, les moyens de guidage présentent une forme d'arc. Preferably, the guide means have an arc shape.
De préférence encore, les moyens de guidage présentent une forme une spirale. More preferably, the guide means have a spiral shape.
Dans une variante, les moyens de guidage s'étendent à partir d'un orifice de sortie des moyens d'amenée du lubrifiant.
Dans une autre variante, la bielle est maintenue en translation par rapport au piston à l'aide d'une coupelle de fermeture fixée au piston. In a variant, the guiding means extend from an outlet orifice of the lubricant supply means. In another variant, the rod is held in translation relative to the piston by means of a closure cup attached to the piston.
Dans une autre variante, la bielle comprend un embout sphérique pour la liaison rotule, l'embout sphérique étant démontable. In another variant, the connecting rod comprises a spherical end for the ball joint, the spherical end being removable.
De préférence, l'embout sphérique comprend un orifice de lubrification de l'interface de contact avec la coupelle de fermeture. Preferably, the spherical tip comprises a lubrication port of the contact interface with the closure cup.
Dans une variante, le piston comprend des segments comprenant chacun une ouverture, les segments étant bloqués en rotation dans une position où les ouvertures ne sont pas face à face. In a variant, the piston comprises segments each comprising an opening, the segments being locked in rotation in a position where the openings are not facing each other.
L'invention concerne aussi une machine à pistons comprenant un ensemble selon l'une quelconque des variantes précédemment décrites. The invention also relates to a piston machine comprising an assembly according to any one of the previously described variants.
De préférence, la machine à pistons est un moteur à combustion interne. Preferably, the piston machine is an internal combustion engine.
Brève description des dessins Brief description of the drawings
D'autres particularités et avantages apparaîtront à la lecture de la description ci-après d'un mode particulier de réalisation, non limitatif de l'invention, faite en référence aux figures dans lesquelles : Other features and advantages will appear on reading the following description of a particular embodiment, not limiting of the invention, with reference to the figures in which:
- La figure 1 est une vue en coupe axiale d'un ensemble piston-bielle de l'invention. - Figure 1 is an axial sectional view of a piston-rod assembly of the invention.
- La figure 2 est une vue en perspective, avec le piston en coupe de la liaison entre le piston et la bielle. - Figure 2 is a perspective view, with the piston in section of the connection between the piston and the connecting rod.
- La figure 3 est une vue en perspective d'un embout sphérique comprenant une gorge de guidage de lubrifiant aménagée à la surface de la sphère. - Figure 3 is a perspective view of a spherical tip comprising a lubricant guide groove arranged on the surface of the sphere.
- La figure 4 est une vue en perspective d'une variante pour laquelle la gorge de guidage de lubrifiant est aménagée dans la surface sphérique du piston. - Figure 4 is a perspective view of a variant for which the lubricant guide groove is formed in the spherical surface of the piston.
- La figure 5 est une vue en perspective d'un embout sphérique comprenant une gorge de lubrification de l'interface de contact entre l'embout sphérique et la coupelle de fermeture. - Figure 5 is a perspective view of a spherical tip comprising a lubrication groove of the contact interface between the spherical tip and the closure cup.
- La figure 6 est un schéma détaillant le principe physique de l'invention.
Description détaillée FIG. 6 is a diagram detailing the physical principle of the invention. detailed description
La figure 1 présente en coupe axiale un mode de réalisation d'un ensemble bielle-piston de l'invention. Cet ensemble bielle-piston est destiné à équiper de préférence un moteur 4 thermique à piston. Sur la figure 1 l'ensemble 1 comprend un piston 2 et une bielle 3. Sur la figure 1 , le piston 2 s'étend cylindriquement selon un axe central Z. L'étanchéité entre le piston 2 et la chemise 23 du moteur à piston alternatif est assurée classiquement par des segments 22 d'étanchéité. Figure 1 shows an axial section of an embodiment of a rod-piston assembly of the invention. This rod-piston assembly is intended to equip preferably a piston 4 thermal engine. In Figure 1 the assembly 1 comprises a piston 2 and a connecting rod 3. In Figure 1, the piston 2 extends cylindrically along a central axis Z. The seal between the piston 2 and the sleeve 23 of the piston engine alternative is provided classically by sealing segments 22.
Le piston 2 est articulé sur la bielle 3 par une liaison rotule entre une surface sphérique S1 appartenant au piston et une surface sphérique S2 appartenant à la bielle 3. The piston 2 is articulated on the rod 3 by a ball joint connection between a spherical surface S1 belonging to the piston and a spherical surface S2 belonging to the connecting rod 3.
La bielle 3 comprend trois parties : The connecting rod 3 comprises three parts:
-une âme 5 qui forme sa partie centrale, a soul 5 which forms its central part,
-un chapeau 6 de bielle destiné à être fixé sur l'âme 5 et qui délimite avec celle-ci un alésage circulaire 7. Cette partie est classiquement dénommée tête de bielle, -un embout sphérique 8 formant le pied de bielle. a connecting rod cap 6 intended to be fixed on the core 5 and which delimits therewith a circular bore 7. This part is conventionally called a small end, a spherical end 8 forming the small end.
Sur la figure 1 , le piston 2 et la bielle 3 sont alignés selon l'axe Z. Cette disposition se retrouve lorsque l'ensemble 1 est utilisé sur un moteur à piston et correspondent au passage du Point Mort Haut et du Point Mort Bas. In Figure 1, the piston 2 and the rod 3 are aligned along the Z axis. This arrangement is found when the assembly 1 is used on a piston engine and correspond to the passage of the Top Dead Center and the Low Dead Point.
La bielle 3 comprend de plus une conduite 9 interne s'étendant d'un orifice d'entrée 10 au niveau de l'alésage circulaire 7 à un orifice 1 1 de sortie (cf. figure 2) au niveau de l'embout sphérique 8, traversant l'âme 5 de la bielle et l'embout sphérique 8. Cette conduite 9 a pour fonction d'amener un lubrifiant, tel que de l'huile sous pression vers la liaison rotule. The rod 3 furthermore comprises an internal pipe 9 extending from an inlet orifice 10 at the level of the circular bore 7 to an outlet orifice 1 1 (see FIG. 2) at the level of the spherical tip 8. , passing through the core 5 of the rod and the spherical end 8. This conduit 9 has the function of bringing a lubricant, such as oil under pressure to the ball joint.
En fonctionnement, l'huile de lubrification entre par l'orifice 10 d'entrée au niveau de l'alésage circulaire, traverse la conduite interne 9 et débouche au niveau de la liaison rotule par l'orifice 1 1 de sortie pour venir s'intercaler entre les deux surfaces S1 , S2, former un film huile et réduire les frottements entre les deux surfaces S1 , S2. Le piston 2 peut comprendre un volume 20, tel qu'une calotte sphérique, en retrait de la surface sphérique S1 et permettant de faire une réserve d'huile. In operation, the lubricating oil enters through the inlet orifice 10 at the level of the circular bore, through the inner pipe 9 and opens at the ball joint connection through the outlet orifice 1 1 to come s' interposing between the two surfaces S1, S2, forming an oil film and reducing the friction between the two surfaces S1, S2. The piston 2 may comprise a volume 20, such as a spherical cap, set back from the spherical surface S1 and making it possible to make an oil reserve.
Dans ce mode de réalisation, l'embout 8 sphérique est une pièce démontable qui comprend une zone 12 de préhension surmontée d'une sphère 13 pour la liaison rotule. Pour des raisons de simplicité, l'embout 8 sphérique peut être assemblé sur l'âme 5 de la
bielle par vissage de l'embout 8 directement sur l'âme 5 de la bielle. Dans ce cas, il est prévu sur la zone 12 de préhension des méplats 14 qui permettent l'utilisation d'un outil pour la saisie de l'embout 8 et son vissage sur l'âme 5 de la bielle 3. In this embodiment, the spherical tip 8 is a removable piece which comprises a gripping zone 12 surmounted by a sphere 13 for the ball joint connection. For the sake of simplicity, the spherical tip 8 can be assembled on the core 5 of the connecting rod by screwing the nozzle 8 directly on the core 5 of the connecting rod. In this case, it is provided on the gripping zone 12 flats 14 which allow the use of a tool for gripping the tip 8 and its screwing on the core 5 of the rod 3.
Sur la figure 1 ou la figure 2, la bielle 3 est maintenue en translation par rapport au piston 2 à l'aide d'une coupelle 15 de fermeture fixée au piston. Sur la figure 1 , la coupelle 15 de fermeture est maintenue par deux vis 16, 16' de fixation. In Figure 1 or Figure 2, the rod 3 is held in translation relative to the piston 2 by means of a closure cup 15 fixed to the piston. In Figure 1, the closure cup 15 is held by two screws 16, 16 'fixing.
Dans ce mode de réalisation la liaison rotule comprend une gorge 17 s'étendant à partir de l'orifice 1 1 de sortie en forme de spirale sur la surface sphérique S2 appartenant à la bielle 3. Conformément à l'invention, cette gorge 17 en forme de spirale forme des moyens de guidage du lubrifiant. Le déplacement du lubrifiant amené à circuler dans la gorge 17 entraine, par frottement visqueux sur la surface S1 , le piston 2 en rotation autour de son axe central Z. Cette rotation forcée du piston 2 permet de toujours avoir une vitesse différentielle entre les deux surfaces S1 , S2 et d'éviter le passage par une vitesse différentielle nulle et un régime de lubrification limite avec frottement par contact entre les deux surfaces. Une gorge à l'avantage d'être facile à réaliser, par exemple par usinage. La spirale présente l'avantage de guider précisément le lubrifiant sur une longue distance In this embodiment the ball joint comprises a groove 17 extending from the spiral-shaped exit orifice 1 1 on the spherical surface S 2 belonging to the connecting rod 3. According to the invention, this groove 17 in Spiral shape forms lubricant guide means. The displacement of the lubricant circulated in the groove 17 causes, by viscous friction on the surface S1, the piston 2 rotated about its central axis Z. This forced rotation of the piston 2 allows to always have a differential speed between the two surfaces S1, S2 and avoid passing through a zero differential speed and a limit lubrication regime with contact friction between the two surfaces. A groove has the advantage of being easy to produce, for example by machining. The spiral has the advantage of precisely guiding the lubricant over a long distance
La figure 6 présente un autre exemple dans lequel les moyens de guidage du lubrifiant ont une forme d'arc 21 s'étendant à partir de l'orifice 1 1 de sortie. Dans cet autre exemple, l'arc fait suivre au lubrifiant un chemin déterminé. Le long de ce chemin, le lubrifiant à ponctuellement une vitesse de vecteur V . Ce vecteur qui peut se décomposer dans un plan perpendiculaire à l'axe central Z selon une composante radiale Vn et une composante tangentielle Vt. Cette composante tangentielle Vt génère un frottement visqueux qui entraine le piston en rotation autour de son axe central Z. Le même principe s'applique à la spirale. Figure 6 shows another example in which the lubricant guiding means has an arcuate shape 21 extending from the outlet port 1 1. In this other example, the arc makes the lubricant follow a determined path. Along this path, the lubricant punctually has a vector velocity V. This vector which can be decomposed in a plane perpendicular to the central axis Z according to a radial component Vn and a tangential component Vt. This tangential component Vt generates a viscous friction which causes the piston to rotate about its central axis Z. The same principle applies to the spiral.
D'autres formes peuvent convenir, l'essentiel est que les moyens de guidage du lubrifiant font suivre au lubrifiant un chemin qui amène le lubrifiant à avoir une composante de vitesse permettant l'entraînement en rotation du piston autour de son axe central Z, lorsque le piston est au point mort haut ou au point mort bas, par frottement visqueux généré par cette composante de vitesse. Other forms may be suitable, the essential thing is that the lubricant guiding means make the lubricant follow a path which causes the lubricant to have a speed component allowing the piston to be rotated about its central axis Z, when the piston is at the top dead center or low dead point, by viscous friction generated by this speed component.
La figure 3 présente une variante dans laquelle l'embout 8 sphérique comprend un orifice 18 supplémentaire de sortie d'huile au niveau de l'interface 19 (cf. figure 2) entre la
coupelle 15 de fermeture et la sphère 13 afin d'améliorer la lubrification de cette interface 19. FIG. 3 shows a variant in which the spherical tip 8 comprises an additional oil outlet orifice 18 at the interface 19 (see FIG. closure cup 15 and the sphere 13 to improve the lubrication of this interface 19.
La figure 4 présente une variante dans laquelle la gorge 17 est aménagée sur la surface sphérique S1 du piston 2. Dans cette variante, la gorge 17 en forme de spirale fait office de moyens de guidage du lubrifiant aménagés de sorte que le lubrifiant amené à y circuler entraine par frottement visqueux le piston 2 en rotation autour de son axe central Z (figure 1 ). La spirale s'étendant à partir d'un point 22 qui se présente sensiblement en face de l'orifice 1 1 de sortie des moyens d'amenée du lubrifiant, lorsque le piston et la bielle sont alignées (figure 1 ). FIG. 4 shows a variant in which the groove 17 is arranged on the spherical surface S1 of the piston 2. In this variant, the spiral-shaped groove 17 acts as a means of guiding the lubricant arranged so that the lubricant supplied to the piston circulating leads by viscous friction the piston 2 in rotation about its central axis Z (Figure 1). The spiral extending from a point 22 which is substantially in front of the outlet orifice 1 1 of the lubricant supply means, when the piston and the connecting rod are aligned (Figure 1).
La figure 5 présente une variante dans laquelle une gorge supplémentaire 17' est aménagée sur la surface sphérique S2 de l'embout 8 sphérique au niveau de l'interface 19 (cf. figure 2) de contact entre la coupelle 15 de fermeture et la sphère 13 afin d'améliorer la lubrification de cette interface 19. La gorge 17' est représentée en spirale, mais l'effet recherché dans ce cas est la lubrification et non pas la rotation du piston. FIG. 5 shows a variant in which an additional groove 17 'is arranged on the spherical surface S2 of the spherical tip 8 at the interface 19 (see FIG. 2) of contact between the closure cup 15 and the sphere 13 to improve the lubrication of this interface 19. The groove 17 'is shown spirally, but the effect sought in this case is the lubrication and not the rotation of the piston.
Dans les modes de réalisation décrits la surface sphérique S1 du piston 2 constitue la partie femelle de la liaison rotule tandis que la surface S2 de l'embout sphérique constitue la partie mâle de la liaison rotule. Dans une variante non représentée, on peut prévoir l'inverse, c'est à dire une surface sphérique S1 du piston 2 constituant la partie mâle de la liaison rotule et une surface sphérique S2 de l'embout 8 sphérique constituant la partie femelle de la liaison rotule. Dans ce cas, la liaison rotule peut tout aussi bien comprendre sur une des surfaces sphériques S1 , S2 des moyens de guidage du lubrifiant tels que décrits précédemment. In the embodiments described, the spherical surface S1 of the piston 2 constitutes the female part of the ball joint while the surface S2 of the spherical end constitutes the male part of the ball joint. In a variant not shown, the reverse can be provided, ie a spherical surface S1 of the piston 2 constituting the male part of the ball joint and a spherical surface S2 of the spherical tip 8 constituting the female part of the ball joint. In this case, the ball joint may equally well comprise, on one of the spherical surfaces S1, S2, lubricant guiding means as described above.
Dans une autre variante non représentée, les moyens de guidage peuvent être réalisés par une suite d'alvéoles aménagées sur une des surfaces formant un chemin adéquat pour le lubrifiant, par exemple en forme d'arc ou de spirale. In another variant not shown, the guide means may be formed by a series of cells arranged on one of the surfaces forming a suitable path for the lubricant, for example in the form of an arc or a spiral.
L'étanchéité entre le piston 2 et la chemise 23 du moteur à piston alternatif est assurée classiquement par des segments 22 d'étanchéité. Ces segments comprennent chacun une ouverture pour pouvoir les disposer sur le piston. La rotation du piston peut entraîner une rotation de ces segments. La rotation de ces segments passera par une phase durant laquelle les ouvertures des segments vont se retrouver face à face et donc laisser passer l'huile présente sur la chemise et/ou les gaz contenus dans le cylindre. On peut ainsi prévoir des segments d'étanchéité bloqués en rotation dans une position dite étanche,
c'est-à-dire dans une position où les ouvertures ne sont pas face à face. Le blocage en rotation de chaque segment peut être réalisé par un pion d'arrêt. The seal between the piston 2 and the liner 23 of the reciprocating piston engine is conventionally provided by sealing segments 22. These segments each include an opening to be arranged on the piston. The rotation of the piston can cause these segments to rotate. The rotation of these segments will pass through a phase during which the openings of the segments will be face to face and thus let the oil present on the jacket and / or the gases contained in the cylinder. It is thus possible to provide sealing segments locked in rotation in a so-called sealed position, that is to say in a position where the openings are not facing each other. The locking in rotation of each segment can be achieved by a stop pin.
Cette mise en rotation du piston à lieu durant tout le cycle de fonctionnement du moteur et plus particulièrement au point mort haut et au point mort bas. L'ordre de grandeur attendu de la vitesse de rotation du piston est compris entre 10 et 50 tours/ min pour une pression d'huile d'environ 4 bars. This rotation of the piston takes place during the entire operating cycle of the engine and more particularly at top dead center and bottom dead center. The expected order of magnitude of the rotational speed of the piston is between 10 and 50 rpm for an oil pressure of about 4 bar.
Par rapport à une liaison classique de type piston-bielle par axe, l'utilisation d'une liaison de type piston-bielle par rotule permet d'augmenter la surface disponible pour transférer l'effort de pression du piston vers la bielle et donc de tolérer des niveaux de charge plus élevés. L'invention permet de plus de réduire les pertes moteur par frottement sur un cycle moteur en favorisant l'établissement d'un régime de lubrification permettant le maintien du film lubrifiant tout au long du cycle de fonctionnement. Compared to a conventional connection of the piston-rod type per axis, the use of a piston-rod-type connection by ball joint makes it possible to increase the area available for transferring the pressure force from the piston to the connecting rod and thus to tolerate higher load levels. The invention also makes it possible to reduce engine friction losses on an engine cycle by promoting the establishment of a lubrication regime that keeps the lubricant film throughout the operating cycle.
Dans le cas d'un moteur à combustion interne l'invention permettant de réduire les pertes moteur par frottement, engendre une diminution des rejets de dioxyde de carbone. In the case of an internal combustion engine, the invention makes it possible to reduce frictional motor losses, which results in a reduction in carbon dioxide emissions.
L'ensemble piston-bielle de l'invention peut équiper des machines à piston autre qu'un moteur à combustion interne.
The piston-rod assembly of the invention can equip piston machines other than an internal combustion engine.
Claims
1 . Ensemble (1 ) comprenant un piston (2) ayant un axe central (Z), une bielle (3), le piston (2) étant articulé sur la bielle (3) par une liaison rotule entre une surface sphérique (S1 ) appartenant au piston et une surface sphérique (S2) appartenant à la bielle (3), des moyens d'amenée d'un lubrifiant sous pression pour qu'il s'intercale entre les deux surfaces (S1 , S2), caractérisé en ce que la liaison rotule comprend sur une des surfaces sphériques (S1 , S2) des moyens de guidage du lubrifiant aménagés de sorte que le lubrifiant amené à y circuler a une vitesse (V) qui se décompose dans un plan perpendiculaire à l'axe central (Z) selon une composante radiale (Vn) et une composante tangentielle (Vt), la composante tangentielle (Vt) générant un frottement visqueux qui entraine le piston (2) en rotation autour de son axe central (Z). 1. Assembly (1) comprising a piston (2) having a central axis (Z), a connecting rod (3), the piston (2) being articulated on the connecting rod (3) by a ball joint connection between a spherical surface (S1) belonging to the piston and a spherical surface (S2) belonging to the connecting rod (3), means for supplying a lubricant under pressure so that it can be inserted between the two surfaces (S1, S2), characterized in that the connection ball comprises on one of the spherical surfaces (S1, S2) lubrication guide means arranged so that the lubricant brought to circulate there at a speed (V) which is decomposed in a plane perpendicular to the central axis (Z) according to a radial component (Vn) and a tangential component (Vt), the tangential component (Vt) generating a viscous friction which causes the piston (2) to rotate about its central axis (Z).
2. Ensemble selon la revendication 1 , caractérisé en ce que les moyens de guidage comprennent une gorge (17). 2. An assembly according to claim 1, characterized in that the guide means comprise a groove (17).
3. Ensemble selon la revendication 1 ou la revendication 2, caractérisé en ce que les moyens de guidage présentent une forme d'arc (21 ) 3. An assembly according to claim 1 or claim 2, characterized in that the guide means have an arcuate shape (21).
4. Ensemble selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que les moyens de guidage présentent une forme de spirale. 4. Assembly according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the guide means have a spiral shape.
5. Ensemble selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que les moyens de guidage s'étendent à partir d'un orifice (1 1 ) de sortie des moyens d'amenée du lubrifiant. 5. An assembly according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the guide means extend from an orifice (1 1) output lubricant supply means.
6. Ensemble selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que la bielle (3) est maintenue en translation par rapport au piston (2) à l'aide d'une coupelle (15) de fermeture fixée au piston (2). 6. An assembly according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the connecting rod (3) is held in translation relative to the piston (2) by means of a closure cup (15) fixed to the piston (2). ).
7. Ensemble selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que la bielle (3) comprend un embout (8) sphérique pour la liaison rotule, l'embout (8) sphérique étant démontable. 7. An assembly according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the rod (3) comprises a spherical tip (8) for the ball joint, the spherical tip (8) being removable.
8. Ensemble selon la revendication 7 avec la revendication 6, caractérisé en ce que l'embout (8) sphérique comprend un orifice de lubrification de l'interface (19) de contact avec la coupelle (15) de fermeture. 8. The assembly of claim 7 with claim 6, characterized in that the spherical tip (8) comprises a lubrication port of the interface (19) of contact with the closure cup (15).
9. Ensemble selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes caractérisé en ce que le piston (2) comprend des segments (22) comprenant chacun une ouverture, les
segments étant bloqués en rotation dans une position où les ouvertures ne sont pas face à face. 9. An assembly according to any preceding claim characterized in that the piston (2) comprises segments (22) each comprising an opening, the segments being locked in rotation in a position where the openings are not facing each other.
10. Machine à pistons comprenant un ensemble selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes. Piston machine comprising an assembly according to any one of the preceding claims.
1 1 . Machine à pistons selon la revendication 10, caractérisé en ce qu'il s'agit d'un moteur à combustion interne.
1 1. Piston machine according to claim 10, characterized in that it is an internal combustion engine.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP14717798.4A EP2989353A1 (en) | 2013-04-24 | 2014-03-19 | Ball-ended piston/connecting-rod assembly |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR1353714 | 2013-04-24 | ||
FR1353714A FR3005132B1 (en) | 2013-04-24 | 2013-04-24 | PISTON-ROD ASSEMBLY |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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WO2014174166A1 true WO2014174166A1 (en) | 2014-10-30 |
Family
ID=48795735
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/FR2014/050641 WO2014174166A1 (en) | 2013-04-24 | 2014-03-19 | Ball-ended piston/connecting-rod assembly |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
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EP (1) | EP2989353A1 (en) |
FR (1) | FR3005132B1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2014174166A1 (en) |
Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR3040459A1 (en) * | 2015-09-02 | 2017-03-03 | Peugeot Citroen Automobiles Sa | ROD FOR MACHINE COMPRISING A PISTON AND A CRANKSHAFT |
FR3042571A1 (en) * | 2015-10-19 | 2017-04-21 | Peugeot Citroen Automobiles Sa | CLOSURE CUP OF A PIPE CONNECTION OF A PISTON-ROD ASSEMBLY |
FR3055386A1 (en) * | 2016-08-24 | 2018-03-02 | Peugeot Citroen Automobiles Sa | ROTULATED PISTON ROD ASSEMBLY WITH OIL PASSAGE IN A CIRCULAR GROOVE AROUND THE PISTON |
FR3055388A1 (en) * | 2016-09-01 | 2018-03-02 | Peugeot Citroen Automobiles Sa | ROUND PISTON ROD ASSEMBLY WITH SHAPED BOWL CREATING PISTON ROTATION |
Families Citing this family (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR3051876B1 (en) * | 2016-05-25 | 2018-05-18 | Peugeot Citroen Automobiles Sa | BALL JOINT PISTON MACHINE |
FR3055387B1 (en) * | 2016-09-01 | 2019-06-07 | Peugeot Citroen Automobiles Sa | ROTULATED ROD PISTON ASSEMBLY WITH INCREASE IN SPEED OF AN INTERNAL OIL FLOW |
CN112412727B (en) * | 2020-11-24 | 2021-08-31 | 绵阳美科电子设备有限责任公司 | Disposable medical high-pressure jet pump and application method thereof |
Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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US1521515A (en) * | 1921-02-16 | 1924-12-30 | Erskine James Edison | Piston and connecting-rod construction |
US1904126A (en) | 1932-08-24 | 1933-04-18 | Donaldson John Shearman | Piston |
FR1160311A (en) * | 1956-06-30 | 1958-07-11 | Sulzer Ag | Piston |
FR1373309A (en) * | 1963-10-08 | 1964-09-25 | Sulzer Ag | Swivel piston for piston combustion engine |
GB2361517A (en) | 1999-04-19 | 2001-10-24 | Seneca Tech Ltd | Piston and connecting rod retention |
WO2013046242A2 (en) * | 2011-09-30 | 2013-04-04 | R. & D. S.R.L. | Piston and improved connecting rod for use in internal combustion engine |
-
2013
- 2013-04-24 FR FR1353714A patent/FR3005132B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2014
- 2014-03-19 EP EP14717798.4A patent/EP2989353A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2014-03-19 WO PCT/FR2014/050641 patent/WO2014174166A1/en active Application Filing
Patent Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US1521515A (en) * | 1921-02-16 | 1924-12-30 | Erskine James Edison | Piston and connecting-rod construction |
US1904126A (en) | 1932-08-24 | 1933-04-18 | Donaldson John Shearman | Piston |
FR1160311A (en) * | 1956-06-30 | 1958-07-11 | Sulzer Ag | Piston |
FR1373309A (en) * | 1963-10-08 | 1964-09-25 | Sulzer Ag | Swivel piston for piston combustion engine |
GB2361517A (en) | 1999-04-19 | 2001-10-24 | Seneca Tech Ltd | Piston and connecting rod retention |
WO2013046242A2 (en) * | 2011-09-30 | 2013-04-04 | R. & D. S.R.L. | Piston and improved connecting rod for use in internal combustion engine |
Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR3040459A1 (en) * | 2015-09-02 | 2017-03-03 | Peugeot Citroen Automobiles Sa | ROD FOR MACHINE COMPRISING A PISTON AND A CRANKSHAFT |
FR3042571A1 (en) * | 2015-10-19 | 2017-04-21 | Peugeot Citroen Automobiles Sa | CLOSURE CUP OF A PIPE CONNECTION OF A PISTON-ROD ASSEMBLY |
FR3055386A1 (en) * | 2016-08-24 | 2018-03-02 | Peugeot Citroen Automobiles Sa | ROTULATED PISTON ROD ASSEMBLY WITH OIL PASSAGE IN A CIRCULAR GROOVE AROUND THE PISTON |
FR3055388A1 (en) * | 2016-09-01 | 2018-03-02 | Peugeot Citroen Automobiles Sa | ROUND PISTON ROD ASSEMBLY WITH SHAPED BOWL CREATING PISTON ROTATION |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
FR3005132A1 (en) | 2014-10-31 |
FR3005132B1 (en) | 2017-10-06 |
EP2989353A1 (en) | 2016-03-02 |
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