WO2014172859A1 - 太阳能海水淡化装置 - Google Patents

太阳能海水淡化装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2014172859A1
WO2014172859A1 PCT/CN2013/074654 CN2013074654W WO2014172859A1 WO 2014172859 A1 WO2014172859 A1 WO 2014172859A1 CN 2013074654 W CN2013074654 W CN 2013074654W WO 2014172859 A1 WO2014172859 A1 WO 2014172859A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
solar
heat collecting
seawater desalination
reflector
desalination device
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2013/074654
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
刘文晏
Original Assignee
Liou Wen Yen
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Liou Wen Yen filed Critical Liou Wen Yen
Priority to PCT/CN2013/074654 priority Critical patent/WO2014172859A1/zh
Publication of WO2014172859A1 publication Critical patent/WO2014172859A1/zh

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D1/00—Evaporating
    • B01D1/0011—Heating features
    • B01D1/0029—Use of radiation
    • B01D1/0035—Solar energy
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/02—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating
    • C02F1/04—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating by distillation or evaporation
    • C02F1/14—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating by distillation or evaporation using solar energy
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
    • Y02A20/124—Water desalination
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
    • Y02A20/124—Water desalination
    • Y02A20/138—Water desalination using renewable energy
    • Y02A20/142—Solar thermal; Photovoltaics
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
    • Y02A20/20—Controlling water pollution; Waste water treatment
    • Y02A20/208—Off-grid powered water treatment
    • Y02A20/212—Solar-powered wastewater sewage treatment, e.g. spray evaporation

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a seawater desalination apparatus, and more particularly to a solar water desalination apparatus that utilizes solar thermal energy for seawater desalination. Background technique
  • the total water reserves on the earth is about 1.36xl0 18 m 3 , but except for the salty water resources such as the ocean, only 2.5% is fresh water.
  • Fresh water is mainly in the form of water and deep groundwater, and fresh water in rivers and lakes accounts for only 0.3% of the world's total fresh water.
  • Fr ⁇ ⁇ Patent No. 1348994 “Freshwater production method, fresh water generation device, seawater desalination method, and seawater desalination device”, which discloses a fresh water production method capable of obtaining purified water such as fresh water from non-purified water such as seawater. It mainly produces fresh water by pressure filtration through a reverse osmosis membrane, mixes low-salt water having a salt concentration lower than seawater with seawater, and performs reverse osmosis membrane filtration on the mixed water obtained by the mixing, thereby generating fresh water. .
  • 7j is an essential substance for any living or living body on the earth. Water-deficient soil cannot breed organisms. Freshwater is an essential element for irrigating and breeding terrestrial organisms. Source, conservation, storage, and freshwater. Utilization is an important issue worldwide. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a technology that can effectively desalinate seawater without additional waste of energy to increase the output of clean fresh water. Summary of the invention It is an object of the present invention to provide a solar seawater desalination apparatus.
  • the solar seawater desalination apparatus of the present invention comprises a reflection unit, a water inlet unit, and a condensation unit.
  • the reflecting unit comprises a supporting chassis, a solar reflector disposed on the supporting chassis, and a fixing bracket disposed on a periphery of the sun reflector.
  • the solar reflector has a heat collecting groove above the solar reflector.
  • the outer side of the heat collecting groove is provided with a side hole and a through hole, and the fixing bracket is connected with the heat collecting groove.
  • the water inlet unit includes an inlet pipe, and one end of the inlet pipe is connected to a side hole of the heat collecting groove.
  • the condensing unit comprises an evaporation tube and a water storage tank connected to the evaporation tube, and one end of the evaporation tube is connected with the through hole of the heat collecting groove.
  • the heat collecting tank also has a temperature sensor disposed thereon.
  • the water inlet unit also has a flow controller disposed above the water inlet pipe.
  • the condensing unit also has a condenser disposed above the evaporation tube.
  • the surface of the solar reflector is provided with at least one focusing lens.
  • the rear of the solar reflector is further provided with a sliding gear set disposed on the supporting chassis, the supporting chassis has a rotatable mandrel, and the sliding gear set can make the solar reflector in a first sliding position Reciprocating between a second sliding position, wherein the solar reflector can slide between the first and second sliding positions and cooperate with the rotation of the mandrel, so that the solar reflector can slide in the direction of the sunlight Turn.
  • the support chassis has a mandrel that can be rotated 360 degrees.
  • the reflection unit further has an electronic control group disposed on the support chassis, and the electronic control group controls the movement of the sliding gear set and the spindle.
  • the focusing lens is adjusted by the electronic control group to reflect the angle of reflection.
  • the heat collecting trough further has a body, and an opening cover disposed on the body for opening and closing the body.
  • the solar beam reflector can reflect sunlight to the heat collecting tank and heat the heat collecting tank, and the water flowing into the heat collecting tank is evaporated by heat.
  • the evaporating tube escapes and is condensed and stored in the water storage tank.
  • the sunlight is irradiated and heated to obtain clean water resources without additional energy consumption.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing the implementation of a first preferred embodiment of the solar seawater desalination apparatus of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a partial cross-sectional view showing a heat collecting groove in the first preferred embodiment
  • FIG. 3 is a block diagram showing the temperature sensor feedback signal to a flow controller to control the amount of water flowing through the flow controller; and
  • Figure 4 is a schematic view showing the implementation of a second preferred embodiment of the solar seawater desalination apparatus of the present invention. detailed description
  • a first preferred embodiment of the solar seawater desalination apparatus of the present invention comprises a reflecting unit 3, a water inlet unit 4, and a condensing unit 5.
  • the reflecting unit 3 includes a supporting chassis 31, a solar reflector 32, a fixing bracket 33, and a heat collecting groove 34.
  • the support chassis 31 is supported on the ground.
  • the solar reflector 32 is disposed above the support chassis 31 and has a reflective surface 321 that reflects sunlight.
  • the fixed bracket 33 has a plurality of legs 331, each leg. One end of the 331 is disposed on the periphery of the solar reflector 32, and the opposite end is concentrated upward and toward the center.
  • the heat collecting groove 34 is concentrated with the plurality of legs 331 and is supported by the plurality of legs 331 to be supported above the solar reflector 32.
  • the solar reflector 32 is a circular dish shape, but in practice, it may be a groove shape, a polygonal shape or other geometric shapes, and the like.
  • the heat collecting groove 34 further has a side hole 341, a through hole 342, a body 343, and an opening cover 344 disposed on the body 343 for opening and closing the body 343.
  • the water inlet unit 4 includes a water inlet 40 and an inlet pipe 41.
  • the water inlet tank 40 contains seawater and is located at a height and is connected to the water inlet pipe 41. One end of the water inlet pipe 41 is connected to the water inlet 40, and the other end is connected to the side hole 341 of the heat collecting groove 34.
  • the condensing unit 5 includes an evaporation tube 51 and a water storage tank 52 connected to the evaporation tube 51, and one end of the evaporation tube 51 is connected to the through hole 342 of the heat collecting tank 34.
  • the condensing unit 5 can also be configured with a condenser 53 (for example, a metal heat sink) disposed on the evaporation tube 51 as needed to quickly use the evaporation tube.
  • a condenser 53 for example, a metal heat sink
  • the water vapor in 51 is cooled. Since the structure of the condenser 53 is numerous and the focus of the present invention is not the case, the structure of the condenser 53 will not be described again.
  • the solar seawater desalination apparatus of the present invention can reflect sunlight to the heat collecting tank 34 by the sunlight reflector 32, and heat the heat collecting tank 34, and the seawater flowing into the heat collecting tank 34 is heated and vaporized and evaporated.
  • the evaporation tube 51 escapes and is condensed into water droplets on the way to be stored in the water storage tank 52, and the solar energy can be used to obtain clean water resources without additional energy consumption.
  • the opening cover 344 is disposed at the bottom of the heat collecting groove 34 for opening and closing the heat collecting groove 34.
  • the opening cover 344 allows the user to remove the residue in the heat collecting tank 34.
  • the heat collecting tank 34 further has a temperature sensor 345 disposed thereon and capable of withstanding high temperatures.
  • the water inlet unit 4 also has a flow controller 411 disposed above the inlet pipe 41.
  • the flow controller 411 is a valve for controlling the amount of water flowing from the inlet 40 through the inlet pipe 41 and into the heat collecting tank 34.
  • the configuration of the flow controller 411 for example, the conventional drip control mechanism, has many types of valves and drip control mechanisms, and is not the focus of the present invention, so the configuration of the flow controller 411 will not be described again.
  • the temperature sensor 345 is disposed on the heat collecting groove 34.
  • a signal is fed back to the flow controller 411.
  • the amount of water flowing through the flow controller 411 is increased, and at this time, the seawater can quickly enter the heat collecting tank 34.
  • a signal is fed back to the flow controller 411 to reduce the amount of water flowing through the flow controller 411. Seawater can flow into the heat collecting tank 34 more slowly.
  • the flow controller 411 is used to control the amount of water entering the heat collecting tank 34 to maintain a relatively high temperature, so that the evaporation efficiency can be effectively improved and become a Efficient control.
  • FIG. 4 there is shown a second preferred embodiment of the solar seawater desalination apparatus of the present invention.
  • the second preferred embodiment also includes a reflecting unit 3, a water inlet unit 4, and a condensing unit 5.
  • the solar reflector 32 is a general circular antenna dish and has a smooth reflecting surface 321 , and the reflecting surface 321 can The sunlight is reflected, and in order to increase the reflection efficiency of the sunlight, the reflecting surface 321 of the solar reflector 32 is also provided with a plurality of focusing lenses 322.
  • the rear surface of the solar reflector 32 further has a sliding gear set 323 disposed on the support chassis 31.
  • the support chassis 31 has a 360-degree rotating spindle 311 that allows the male reflector 32 to reciprocate between a first sliding position and a second sliding position. By sliding the sun reflector 312 between the first and second sliding positions and engaging the rotation of the mandrel 311, the solar reflector 32 can be slid and rotated following the running trajectory of the sun.
  • the heat collecting groove 34 disposed on the solar reflector 32 is always reflected by the sunlight and is heated and heated continuously, so that the sunlight cannot be reflected. Loss of heating capacity.
  • the reflection unit 3 further has an electronic control group 35 disposed on the support chassis 31.
  • the electronic control unit 35 can control the sliding gear set 323 and the spindle 311 to operate.
  • the angle of reflection of the focusing lens 322 can be adjusted.
  • the electric control group 35 can drive the gear set 323 and the mandrel 311 as long as the sun running track is input to the electronic control group 35.
  • the relative action is such that the solar reflector 32 can be aligned with the solar source at all times.
  • the solar reflector 32 can also be manually aligned to the solar source, and should not be limited thereto.
  • the heat collecting effect of the solar reflector 32 can also greatly increase the evaporation efficiency.
  • the reflecting surface 321 of the solar reflector 32 is provided with a plurality of focusing lenses 322, and the carefully formed focusing lens 322 can raise the focus to Celsius in a few minutes under the sun. Baidu. Since the evaporation efficiency is high, the place where the present invention is suitably applied is also enlarged.
  • the present invention can be used to obtain a certain degree of fresh water. Due to the use of solar energy, the great advantage of the present invention is that the more severe the drought, the higher the efficiency of seawater desalination, and thus the more beneficial it is to mitigate the losses caused by drought. Even if there is no drought, proper use of summer sunshine resources to implement desalination and well-designed water facilities will help to cool down and reduce the consumption of air-conditioning energy.
  • the solar seawater desalination apparatus of the present invention can be implemented on the sea surface. Although it is necessary to build a floating platform on the sea, it still has its value in a narrow area. For example, in Kaohsiung City, which lacks winter rain in Taiwan, implementing this program in the nearby waters can greatly improve the stability of fresh water supply. This is especially true in Penghu, where water is scarce for a long time. In addition to the situation that may affect global water supply and food supply, the present invention may also have other derivative effects, such as: the construction of a water reservoir is worth reassessing. Moreover, it should be conducive to the conservation of existing forests, and even to the partial mountainous agricultural land to return to the forest, thus contributing to soil and water conservation.
  • the solar seawater desalination apparatus of the present invention can reflect sunlight to the heat collecting tank 34 by the sunlight reflector 32, and heat the heat collecting tank 34, and the water flowing into the heat collecting tank 34 is heated and vaporized. Evaporating and escaping from the evaporation tube 51, which is condensed into water droplets on the way and stored in the water storage tank 52.
  • the solar energy can be used to obtain clean water resources without additional energy consumption, and the temperature sensor 345 feeds back the signal.
  • the flow controller 411 controls the amount of water entering the heat collecting tank 34 to maintain a certain temperature by the flow controller 411, so that the evaporation efficiency can be effectively improved, so that the flow rate controller 411 can be effectively achieved.

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Heat Treatment Of Water, Waste Water Or Sewage (AREA)

Abstract

一种太阳能海水淡化装置，包括一反射单元（3）、一进水单元（4），及一冷凝单元（5）。其中，反射单元（3）包括一支撑底架（31）、一设置于该支撑底架（31）之上的阳光反射器（32），及一设置于该阳光反射器（32）周缘的固定支架（33），该阳光反射器（32）的上方具有一集热槽（34），集热槽（34）上设有一侧孔（341）与一通孔（342），且固定支架（33）是与集热槽（34）连接在一起；进水单元（4）包括一进水管（41），进水管（41）的一端与集热槽（34）的侧孔（341）连接在一起；冷凝单元（5）包括一蒸发管（51）和一连接蒸发管（51）的储水槽（52），该蒸发管（51）的一端与集热槽（34）的通孔（342）连接在一起。

Description

太阳能海水淡化装置 技术领域
本发明是有关于一种海水淡化装置， 特别是指一种利用太阳热能进行海水淡化的太阳能 海水淡化装置。 背景技术
地球上水总储量约为 1.36xl018m3,但除去海洋等咸水资源外， 只有 2.5%为淡水。 淡水又 主要以水川和深层地下水的形式存在， 河流和湖泊中的淡水仅占世界总淡水的 0.3%。
世界气象组织于 1996年初指出： 缺水是全世界城市面临的首要问题， 估计到 2050年， 全 46 %的城市人口缺水。 对于水资源稀少的地区来说， 水已经超出生活资源的范围， 而 成为战略资源， 由于水资源的稀有性， 水战争爆发的可能性越来越高。 为了让全世界都关心 淡水资源短缺的问题， 第 47届***大会遂决定将每年 3月 22日定为世界水日。
早期人们会抽取使用地下水， 然而使用地下水会造成地层下陷并破坏地底结构， 造成无 法回复的永久性破坏， 亦有可能阻断地下水， 在许多地方人们禁止使用地下水， 以避免各种 永久性的损害。 海水淡化是其一种对策， 但由于耗用能量过高及成本过高， 多数海水淡化厂 在建成后不久就因资金不足被迫关闭。 在中东杜拜这个千旱但富裕地方， 则利用这个方法取 得淡水。
厶
fr^ ^明专利第 1348994号 「淡水生成方法、 淡水生成装置、 海水淡化方法及海水 淡化装置」案， 该案揭露一种能够自海水等非净化水中获得淡水等净化水的淡水生成方法。 其主要是藉由逆渗透膜加压过滤而生成淡水， 将盐浓度低于海水的低盐浓度水与海水混合， 并对由该混合所获得的混合水进行逆渗透膜过滤， 藉此生成淡水。
但是， 要将海水通过逆渗透膜需要外加能量进行挤压， 否则水分子无法快速通过密度极 细的逆渗透膜， 因此有必要运用大量能源来产制淡水。 而此举会因为能源价格上涨而使成本 大增， 导致不具大规模推广潜力。
由上迷所言可知， 7j是地球上的任何生物、 生命体的必需物质， 缺水的土壤便无法孕育 生物， 淡水更是灌溉与孕育陆地生物的必要元素， 淡水的来源、 节约、 储存、 利用是全球的 重要议题。 所以， 实有必要发展一种可以有效进行海水淡化， 又不会额外浪费能源的技术， 以增加洁净淡水的产出。 发明内容 本发明的目的是提供一种太阳能海水淡化装置。
为了达到上述目的， 本发明的太阳能海水淡化装置包含一反射单元、 一进水单元， 及一 冷凝单元。
该反射单元包括一支撑底架、 一设置于该支撑底架之上的阳光反射器， 及一设置于该阳 光反射器周缘的固定支架。 该阳光反射器的上方具有一集热槽， 该集热槽的外侧设有一侧孔 与一通孔， 该固定支架是与该集热槽连接在一起。 该进水单元包括一进水管， 且该进水管的 一端与该集热槽的侧孔连接在一起。 该冷凝单元包括一蒸发管与一连接该蒸发管的储水槽， 该蒸发管的一端与该集热槽的通孔连接在一起。
该集热槽还具有一设于其上的温度传感器。
该进水单元还具有一设于该进水管上方的流量控制器。
该冷凝单元还具有一设于该蒸发管上方的冷凝器。
该阳光反射器的表面设有至少一个以上的聚焦镜片。
该阳光反射器的后方还设有一设置于该支撑底架上的滑动齿轮组， 该支撑底架具有一可 转动的心轴， 该滑动齿轮组可使该阳光反射器在一第一滑动位置与一第二滑动位置之间做往 复运动， 藉由该阳光反射器可在第一、 二滑动位置间滑动与配合该心轴的转动， 可使该阳光 反射器跟随着太阳光的方向进行滑动与转动。
该支撑底架具有一可 360度转动的心轴。
该反射单元还具有一设置于该支撑底架上的电控组， 该电控组可控制该滑动齿轮组及该 心轴的动作。
该聚焦镜片是由该电控组调整反射角度。
该集热槽还具有一本体， 及一设置于该本体上用以启闭该本体的开盖。
由以上说明可知， 本发明的有益功效在于， 藉由该阳光反射器可以反射太阳光至该集热 槽上， 并对该集热槽进行加热， 而流入该集热槽的水受热蒸发并自该蒸发管逸出， 并经冷凝 后至该储水槽储存，利用太阳光进行照射加热可以不须额外消耗能源即能得到洁净的水资源。 附图说明
图 1是本发明太阳能海水淡化装置的第一较佳实施例的实施示意图；
图 2是该第一较佳实施例中一集热槽的局部剖面示意图；
图 3是一方块示意图， 说明该一温度传感器反馈信号给一流量控制器， 以控制一进水槽 流经该流量控制器的水量多寡； 及 图 4是本发明太阳能海水淡化装置的第二较佳实施例的实施示意图。 具体实施方式
有关本发明的相关申请专利特色与技术内容， 在以下配合参考图式的二个较佳实施例的 详细说明中， 将可清楚的呈现。
在进行详细说明前， 要注意的是， 类似的组件是以相同的编号进行表示。
参阅图 1、 2, 为本发明太阳能海水淡化装置的第一较佳实施例， 该太阳能海水淡化装置 包含一反射单元 3、 一进水单元 4， 及一冷凝单元 5。
该反射单元 3包括一支撑底架 31、 一阳光反射器 32、 一固定支架 33， 及一集热槽 34。 该支撑底架 31是撑立于地面，该阳光反射器 32设置于该支撑底架 31的上方并具有一可反射 太阳光的反射面 321， 该固定支架 33具有数个支脚 331 , 每一支脚 331的一端是设置于该阳 光反射器 32的周缘上， 相反的另一端则向上且向中心共点集中。 该集热槽 34与该数个支脚 331共点集中， 受该数个支脚 331连接撑立于该阳光反射器 32上方。
在本较佳实施例中，该阳光反射器 32是一圓形碟造型，但实际实施时，也可以是凹槽形、 多边形或是其它几何形状等， 不应以此为限。 而该集热槽 34还具有一侧孔 341、 一通孔 342、 一本体 343 , 及一设置于该本体 343上用以启闭该本体 343的开盖 344。
该进水单元 4包括一进水槽 40, 及一进水管 41。 该进水槽 40中容纳有海水并位于高处 且连接该进水管 41 ,该进水管 41的一端与该进水槽 40连接，相反的另一端则与该集热槽 34 的侧孔 341连接在一起。 该冷凝单元 5包括一蒸发管 51与一连接该蒸发管 51的储水槽 52, 该蒸发管 51的一端与该集热槽 34的通孔 342连接在一起。
值得一提的是， 本发明在实际实施时， 该冷凝单元 5也可以视需要而配置一设于该蒸发 管 51上的冷凝器 53 (例如： 金属散热器）， 用以快速对该蒸发管 51中的水蒸气进行冷却， 由于该冷凝器 53的构造众多， 且非本案重点所在， 故于此不再对该冷凝器 53的构造多加赘 述。
本发明太阳能海水淡化装置藉由该阳光反射器 32可以反射太阳光至该集热槽 34上， 并 对该集热槽 34进行加热， 而流入该集热槽 34的海水受热而汽化蒸发并自该蒸发管 51逸出， 途中经冷凝结成水滴后至该储水槽 52储存，利用太阳光能不须额外消耗能源即可得到洁净的 水资源。
而该开盖 344设置于该集热槽 34的底部， 用以开启及封闭该集热槽 34, 当海水流入该 集热槽 34中并且受热蒸发之后， 会遗留下水中杂质或海盐结晶体等残留物， 藉由该开盖 344 的设计， 便可以方便使用者清除该集热槽 34中的残留物。
配合参阅图 3, 在本较佳实施例中， 该集热槽 34还具有一设于其上并可承受高温的温度 传感器 345。 该进水单元 4还具有一设于该进水管 41上方的流量控制器 411。 该流量控制器 411是一阀门， 用以控制自该进水槽 40流经该进水管 41并流入该集热槽 34的水量。 该流量 控制器 411的构造例如传统的点滴控制机构， 由于阀门及点滴控制机构的种类众多， 且非本 案重点所在， 故于此不再对该流量控制器 411的构造多加赘述。
该温度传感器 345设置于该集热槽 34上， 当该集热槽 34受到较强烈的太阳光照射而使 温度上升较高、 蒸发速率变快时， 会反馈一个信号给该流量控制器 411 , 使流经该流量控制 器 411的水量增多， 此时， 海水便能快速地进入该集热槽 34。 相对地， 当该集热槽 34受到 较少太阳光照射而使温度下降、 蒸发速率变慢时， 会反馈一个信号给该流量控制器 411 , 使 流经该流量控制器 411的水量减少， 使海水能较緩慢地流入该集热槽 34中。
'由上述说明可知， 当该集热槽 34升温之后， 利用该流量控制器 411来控制进入该集热槽 34的水量， 使之维持相对高的温度， 让蒸发效率能有效提高， 变成一个有效率的控制方式。
参阅图 4, 为本发明太阳能海水淡化装置的第二较佳实施例， 该第二较佳实施例同样包 含一反射单元 3、 一进水单元 4， 及一冷凝单元 5。 相同之处于此不再赘述， 不同之处在于， 在该第二较佳实施例中， 该阳光反射器 32是类似一般的圆形天线碟并具有一光滑的反射面 321 , 该反射面 321 可以将太阳光进行反射， 而为了增加太阳光的反射效率， 该阳光反射器 32的反射面 321还设置有数个聚焦镜片 322。
在该第二较佳实施例中， 该阳光反射器 32的背面还具有一设置于该支撑底架 31上的滑 动齿轮组 323。 该支撑底架 31具有一可 360度转动的心轴 311 , 该滑动齿轮组 323可使该阳 光反射器 32在一第一滑动位置与一第二滑动位置之间做往复运动。 藉由该阳光反射器 32可 在第一、二滑动位置间滑动与配合该心轴 311的转动， 可使该阳光反射器 32跟随着太阳的运 行轨迹进行滑动与转动。
由于该阳光反射器 32的反射面 321可以随着太阳光而移动， 所以设置于该阳光反射器 32上的集热槽 34会一直受到太阳光反射而持续加热升温， 不会因为无法反射太阳光而失去 加热能力。
值得一提的是， 该反射单元 3还具有一设置于该支撑底架 31上的电控组 35， 该电控组 35除了可以控制该滑动齿轮组 323及该心轴 311动作之外， 还可调整该聚焦镜片 322的反射 角度。
只要输入太阳运行轨迹给该电控组 35 ,该电控组 35即可驱动该齿轮组 323及该心轴 311 相对动作， 以满足该阳光反射器 32能时刻对准太阳光源。 当然， 实际实施时， 也可以利用手 动方式让该阳光反射器 32对准太阳光源， 不应以此为限。
吾人对于蒸发的定义是： 个别的水分子因获得能量变得较活跃， 因而脱离原来的水体， 散逸至空气中。 在提供定额能量时， 水体越大， 温度上升越慢， 蒸发量也就越少。 在本发明 的设计中， 海水被类似点滴般的流量控制器 411隔离地一滴一滴吸热， 相对少量的液态水分 子瞬间接触相对大量的热能， 有助于提高蒸发效率。
此夕卜，该阳光反射器 32的聚热效果亦可大幅提高蒸发效率。本发明的第二较佳实施例中， 该阳光反射器 32的反射面 321设置有数个聚焦镜片 322, 精心打造的聚焦镜片 322, 在艳阳 下可在几分钟内就使聚焦处升温至摄氏数百度。 而由于蒸发效率高， 适宜运用本发明的地点 亦相形扩大。
而高纬度的欧洲、 日本或中国的华北等地， 虽然均温较低、 日照相对较少， 仍可运用本 发明来取得一定程度的淡水。 因运用太阳能之故， 本发明的绝大优势是干旱越严重时， 海水 淡化的效率就越高， 因而也就越有利于緩解干旱带来的损失。 即便没有到闹旱灾的程度， 妥 善利用夏季的日照资源实施海水淡化， 搭配精心设计的戏水设施， 亦有助于消暑及减少空调 能源的消耗。
除此之外， 本发明的太阳能海水淡化装置， 在海面上也能实施。 虽然在海面上实施还须 打造浮台， 但在地狭人稠的区域还是有其价值。 例如在台湾缺乏冬雨的高雄市， 在附近海域 实施此方案即可大幅提高淡水供应的稳定度。 另外在长期缺水的澎湖， 则更是如此。 本发明 除可能影响全球水资源供应、 及粮食供应的情势外， 还可能产生其它衍生性影响， 例如： 水 库的兴建， 就值得重新评估。 而且， 应有助于既有森林的保育、 甚至将部分的近山的农地退 耕还林， 从而有利于水土保持。
综合上述，本发明太阳能海水淡化装置藉由该阳光反射器 32可以反射太阳光至该集热槽 34上， 并对该集热槽 34进行加热， 而流入该集热槽 34的水受热而汽化蒸发并自该蒸发管 51 逸出， 途中经冷凝结成水滴后至该储水槽 52储存， 利用太阳光能不须额外消耗能源即可得到 洁净的水资源， 而配合温度传感器 345反馈信号给该流量控制器 411， 当该集热槽 34急遽升 温之后， 利用该流量控制器 411来控制进入该集热槽 34的水量， 使之保持一定的温度， 让蒸 发效率能有效提高， 故确实可以达成本发明的目的。
然而以上所述，仅为本发明的二个较佳实施例而已， 当不能以此限定本发明实施的范围， 即大凡依本发明申请专利范围及发明说明内容所作的简单的等效变化与修饰， 皆仍属本发明 专利涵盖的范围内。

Claims

权利要求
1、 一种太阳能海水淡化装置， 其特征在于， 包含：
一反射单元， 包括一支撑底架、 一设置于该支撑底架的上方的阳光反射器、 一设置于该 阳光反射器周缘的固定支架， 及一设置于该阳光反射器上方的集热槽， 该集热槽上开设有一 侧孔与一通孔， 该固定支架是与该集热槽连接在一起；
一进水单元， 包括一进水管， 该进水管的一端与该集热槽的该侧孔连接在一起； 及 一冷凝单元， 包括一蒸发管与一连接该蒸发管的储水槽， 该蒸发管的一端与该集热槽的 通孔连接在一起。
2、 如权利要求 1所述的太阳能海水淡化装置， 其特征在于， 该集热槽还具有一设于其上 的温度传感器。
3、 如权利要求 2所述的太阳能海水淡化装置， 其特征在于， 该进水单元还具有一设于该 进水管上方的流量控制器。
4、 如权利要求 3所述的太阳能海水淡化装置， 其特征在于， 该冷凝单元还具有一设于该 蒸发管上方的冷凝器。
5、 如权利要求 4所述的太阳能海水淡化装置， 其特征在于， 该阳光反射器的表面设有至 少一个以上的聚焦镜片。
6、 如权利要求 5所述的太阳能海水淡化装置， 其特征在于， 该阳光反射器的后方还设有 一设置于该支撑底架上的滑动齿轮组， 该支撑底架具有一可转动的心轴， 该滑动齿轮组可使 该阳光反射器在一第一滑动位置与一第二滑动位置之间做往复运动， 藉由该阳光反射器可在 第一、 二滑动位置间滑动与配合该心轴的转动， 可使该阳光反射器跟随着太阳光的方向进行 滑动与转动。
7、 如权利要求 6所述的太阳能海水淡化装置， 其特征在于， 该支撑底架具有一可 360度 转动的心轴。
8、 如权利要求 6或 7所述的太阳能海水淡化装置， 其特征在于， 该反射单元还具有一设 置于该支撑底架上的电控组， 该电控组可控制该滑动齿轮组及该心轴的动作。
9、 如权利要求 8所述的太阳能海水淡化装置， 其特征在于， 该聚焦镜片是由该电控组调 整反射角度。
10、 如权利要求 1所述的太阳能海水淡化装置， 其特征在于， 该集热槽还具有一本体， 及一设置于该本体上用以启闭该本体的开盖。
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