WO2014142067A1 - Method for electrocasting de laval nozzle and electrocast de laval nozzle - Google Patents
Method for electrocasting de laval nozzle and electrocast de laval nozzle Download PDFInfo
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- WO2014142067A1 WO2014142067A1 PCT/JP2014/056157 JP2014056157W WO2014142067A1 WO 2014142067 A1 WO2014142067 A1 WO 2014142067A1 JP 2014056157 W JP2014056157 W JP 2014056157W WO 2014142067 A1 WO2014142067 A1 WO 2014142067A1
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- metal
- cored bar
- core
- electrodeposit
- laval nozzle
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D1/00—Electroforming
- C25D1/02—Tubes; Rings; Hollow bodies
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- the present invention is a complex jet nozzle having a Laval nozzle, a plurality of convergent portions, a divergent portion, and a passage portion even in the case of complicated inner diameter processing that is difficult for a cutting tool to reach by machining or an inner diameter shape that does not reach a cutting tool.
- This is an electrocasting manufacturing method for simply manufacturing the above.
- Laval nozzle having a Laval structure composed of a convergent part, a throat part, and a divergent part.
- the typical manufacturing method is machining.
- inkjet and inner diameter taper-shaped nozzle electroforming methods of ultra-fine nozzles having ultra-fine nozzle tip portions are known.
- the manufacture of the Laval nozzle is complicated when the cutting tool is difficult to reach by machining, and the Laval nozzle cannot be manufactured when the cutting tool cannot be reached. Furthermore, processing of a composite jet nozzle having a plurality of convergent portions, throat portions, divergent portions, and passage portions is troublesome and complicated.
- an object of the present invention is to manufacture a Laval nozzle (jet nozzle) that is out of reach of complicated machining and cutting tools by an electroforming method.
- Another object of the present invention is to provide a composite jet nozzle having a plurality of convergent parts, a throat part, a divergent part, and a passage part.
- the passage part of the Laval nozzle and the composite jet nozzle is pressurized with supersonic flow energy, so the thickness of the electrodeposit needs to be 50 ⁇ m to 50 mm, and the throat is out of reach of complicated machining and cutting tools.
- the diameter of the part needs to be ⁇ 1 ⁇ m to 5 mm.
- the present inventors made an electroforming nozzle with a tapered mandrel to obtain a Laval nozzle and a composite jet nozzle, and attempted machining of the convergent part and the divergent part.
- a core bar of an integral type Laval nozzle or a composite type nozzle with a material such as aluminum, lead, bismuth, and conductive wax have devised to manufacture a core bar of an integral type Laval nozzle or a composite type nozzle with a material such as aluminum, lead, bismuth, and conductive wax.
- a complex jet-shaped cored bar must be manufactured, which is complicated.
- the present invention performs electrolysis in an electrolytic solution at the same time in a state where the tapered tip of a separate type multi-core metal that constitutes the convergent part, throat part, duvergent part, and passage part of the Laval nozzle is contacted and connected,
- the Laval nozzle electroforming method an electrodeposit on the outer periphery of the metal core and the jet metal are manufactured by separating the metal core, and the connection failure outer periphery of the tapered tip contact portion of the metal core After repairing, electrolysis was performed in the electrolytic solution, and the deposit on the outer periphery of the cored bar was separated from the cored bar to produce a Laval nozzle.
- a release tool for applying a force parallel to the shear direction of the electrodeposit was attached to one end of the metal core, and the electrodeposit was released from the metal core to produce a Laval nozzle.
- the thickness of the electrodeposit formed by the electroforming method was 50 ⁇ m to 50 mm, and the diameter of the throat portion was ⁇ 1 ⁇ m (0.785 ⁇ m 2 ) to 5 mm (19.625 mm 2 ).
- the shape of the throat portion is usually circular, but may be a polygonal shape such as a triangle or a quadrangle.
- a release jig is a jig structure that applies a force parallel to the taper core and the shear direction to the electrodeposit.
- the end face of the deposit is machined in advance for optimal use of the above-mentioned release jig with a simple structure that can be easily manufactured even if the core metal shape changes without king.
- This is a release method of the Laval nozzle electroforming method characterized in that the electrodeposit and the cored bar can be easily released when the contact surface with the release tool is flattened by grinding with a flat plate.
- the thickness of the electrodeposit formed by the above-mentioned electroforming method is 50 ⁇ m to 50 mm in order to ensure strength, and the throat portion where complicated machining and cutting tools cannot reach is composed of ⁇ 1 ⁇ m to 5 mm.
- This is an electroformed Laval nozzle.
- the Laval nozzle is manufactured by outer diameter machining of two or more types of separate core bars that constitute the convergent part, the throat part, and the convergent part.
- the shape expressed by two or more types of separate cores that make up this convergent part, throat part, and convergent part is a complex part, throat part, and convergent part that cannot be reached by complicated machining or cutting tools.
- the inner diameter shape (passage shape) of the Laval nozzle is characterized by constituting a passage portion.
- the cored bar uses two or more types of cored bar in a separate system that constitutes the convergent part, the throat part, and the convergent part, it is brought into contact with a connecting jig and the electrolyte solution is in this connected state. Electrolyze inside. It is intended to provide a method for producing a Laval nozzle by electroforming by separating an electrodeposit obtained by electrolysis with a releasing jig and separating the core metal and the electrodeposit.
- the core of the composite jet nozzle is manufactured by outer diameter machining of three or more types of separate cores that constitute the convergent part, throat part, duvergent part, and passage part.
- the shape expressed by three or more types of separate cores constituting the convergent part, the throat part, the convergent part, and the passage part has a throat part of ⁇ 1 ⁇ m to 5 mm where complicated machining or a cutting tool cannot reach. This is an inner diameter shape (passage shape) of the composite jet nozzle.
- the cored bar uses three or more kinds of cored bars in a separate system that constitutes the convergent part, the throat part, the convergent part, and the passage part, it is connected with a connecting jig and electrolyzed in this connected state. Perform electrolysis in the liquid.
- a composite type having multiple convergent parts, divergent parts, throat parts, and passage parts by separating the electrodeposits obtained by electrolysis with a release tool and separating the core metal and the electrodeposits. It is to provide a method for manufacturing a jet nozzle by electroforming.
- the core metal used in the present invention is a separate system that constitutes a convergent part, a throat part, a convergent part, and a passage part, so a core metal that constitutes an integrated convergent part, throat part, convergent part, and passage part
- the outside diameter processing can be simplified.
- the outer diameter of the tapered tip of the cored bar can be easily changed to ⁇ 1 ⁇ m to 5mm, and the convergent part, throat part, convergent part, and passage part are also configured. It aims at making the shape of the separate type metal core that can be separated from the deposit.
- the diameter of the throat portion at the tapered tip of the metal core is preferably ⁇ 1 ⁇ m to 5 mm, more preferably ⁇ 10 ⁇ m to 2.5 mm, and still more preferably ⁇ 50 ⁇ m to 0.5 mm. If it is smaller than the above range, it is difficult to produce a cored bar and electrocasting, and if it is larger than the above range, it is difficult to obtain a complicated throat and a throat portion that does not reach the cutting tool.
- the core metal material used in the present invention is not particularly limited as long as it conducts electricity.
- Stainless steel or the like is used as a core metal material that is suitably used.
- the core metal material is not particularly limited as long as it is aluminum, lead, bismuth, conductive wax or the like.
- the connecting jig for the separate type metal core is not particularly limited as long as a plurality of metal cores constituting the convergent portion, the throat portion, the convergent portion, and the passage portion are accurately connected.
- ⁇ Since a separate type metal core is used, it is a method of repairing the metal core connecting part that takes into account tolerances and errors because it compensates for inaccuracy during connection and is manufactured by machining.
- connection auxiliary material for the connecting portion of the above-described separate-type cored bar examples include conductive wax, conductive putty, lead, bismuth, and the like.
- auxiliary material of a connection part is comparatively soft and has electroconductivity. This is because an auxiliary connecting portion having excellent repairability can be obtained.
- conductive wax is used.
- the metal contained in the electrolytic solution examples include nickel, copper, zinc, tin, lead, iron, chromium, gold, and silver, and alloys thereof.
- the electrocast metal is preferably a relatively hard metal. This is because electrocasting having excellent wear resistance can be obtained. Examples of such electrocast metal include nickel, copper, iron, and chromium, and nickel is particularly preferable.
- the electrolytic solution when it is nickel, it may be a sulfamic acid bath or a watt bath.
- a sulfamic acid bath that is, a nickel sulfamate solution is preferable. This is because sulfamic acid baths have become the mainstream for aerospace components due to their low electrodeposition stress.
- the current density at the time of electrolysis may be a condition that is suitable for electrolyzing the metal core using an electrolytic solution, and is appropriately adjusted according to the type of electroformed metal. If the electroformed metal is nickel, the current density during electrolysis is preferably about 0.5A / dm 2 ⁇ 20A / dm 2, more preferably in the range of 2A / dm 2 ⁇ 15A / dm 2 . This is because if the current density is too small, electrolysis takes time. Conversely, if the current density is too high, smooth and dense electroforming may not be obtained.
- the time for applying the voltage at the current density is not particularly limited as long as it is in a general range, and the type of electroformed metal and the thickness of the target electroforming are preferably 50 ⁇ m to 50 mm. More preferably, the thickness is from 100 ⁇ m to 30 mm, and even more preferably from 200 ⁇ m to 15 mm. If it is smaller than the above range, the strength cannot be ensured, and if it is larger than the above range, electroforming becomes difficult, and a small Laval nozzle may not be obtained.
- the demolding jig is a jig structure that applies a force parallel to the taper core and the shear direction to the electrodeposit.
- the electrodeposits are not chucked, and the structure is simple as long as the shape of the metal core changes and the mold can be easily manufactured.
- the machining of the electrodeposit is not particularly limited as long as it is in a general range, and the type of machining is preferably a target thickness of 50 ⁇ m to 50 mm, more preferably 100 ⁇ m. It is preferably ⁇ 30 mm, more preferably in the range of 200 ⁇ m to 15 mm. If it is smaller than the above range, the strength cannot be ensured, and if it is larger than the above range, electroforming becomes difficult, and a small Laval nozzle may not be obtained.
- the electroforming method of the present invention is an integrated converter by bringing the tapered tips of the separate type multi-core bars constituting the convergent portion, the throat portion, the convergent portion, and the passage portion into contact with each other and connected to each other. Outer diameter processing can be made easier than the cored bar constituting the gentle part, throat part, duvergent part, and passage part.
- the outer diameter of the tapered tip of the cored bar can be easily changed to ⁇ 1 ⁇ m to 5mm, and the convergent part, throat part, convergent part, and passage part are also configured.
- the shape of the separate-type cored bar that can be easily removed from the deposit.
- a jet nozzle in the electrodeposit obtained from a single taper mandrel, a jet nozzle cannot be obtained unless any of a convergent part, a throat part, a duvergent part, or a passage part is produced by post-processing.
- the cored bar is subjected to electrolysis in an electrolytic solution at the same time in a state where the tapered tips of the separate type cored bars constituting the convergent part, the throat part, the convergent part, and the passage part are brought into contact with and connected to each other.
- the tip of the inner diameter taper that becomes the throat part can be captured accurately and accurately in post-processing, but there are multiple separate methods that constitute the convergent part, throat part, convergent part, and passage part.
- electrolysis is performed in the electrolyte solution at the same time, and the electrodeposit on the outer periphery of the cored bar is separated from the cored bar to produce a jet nozzle, There is an effect that it is not necessary to precisely process the tip of the inner diameter taper that becomes the throat portion.
- the method of repairing the cored bar connecting part of the jet nozzle electroforming method of the present invention has a connection failure in the contact part of the tapered tip of the separate type multiple cored bar constituting the convergent part, the throat part, the convergent part, and the passage part.
- electrolysis is performed in the electrolytic solution, and the electrodeposit on the outer periphery of the metal core is separated from the metal core to produce a jet nozzle.
- connection area ratio is preferably 70 to 80% or more, more preferably in the range of 85% to 95%, and still more preferably in the range of 95% to 100%. This is because if it is smaller than the above range, a defective portion may be formed in the throat portion and a uniform jet flow may not be obtained. If the repair of the cored bar connecting portion is within the above range, there is an effect that a uniform jet flow can be obtained without a defective portion in the throat portion.
- a release jig is a jig structure that applies a force parallel to the taper metal bar and the shear direction to the electrodeposit. Since there is no chucking, the deformation and distortion of the electrodeposits during chucking are reduced, and the electroformed jet nozzle is manufactured with multiple cored bars. It has a simple structure that can be easily done, making it easy to manufacture molds for multiple cores.
- the electrodeposit end face is ground by machining in advance to flatten the contact surface with the mold release jig, then the electrodeposition and core metal will be released.
- the material of the plurality of metal cores is stainless steel, ⁇ 6 to ⁇ 0.1, the length is 55 mm, the thickness of the electrodeposit is 3 mm, and the release bolt is M8.
- the average torque of the release bolt when the amount of shearing force required for release is converted to torque is preferably 10 to 7 N ⁇ m or less, more preferably 5 to 3 N ⁇ m or less. Is in the range of 1.0 to 0.1 N ⁇ m or less. If it is larger than the above range, the surface pressure of the cored bar and the electrodeposit may be increased and scratches may occur.
- the cored bar and the electrodeposit are free from galling (abnormal friction on the sliding surface) and can be released smoothly. Can be released smoothly, and a mold release tool for each of the multiple core bars can be easily manufactured.
- the electroformed jet nozzle of the present invention is a unitary type by bringing the tapered tip of a separate type multi-core metal constituting the convergent part, the throat part, the convergent part, and the passage part into contact with and connected to each other.
- Outer diameter processing is simpler than the cores that make up the convergent part, throat part, convergent part, and passage part, and the tapered tip of the cored bar is ⁇ 1 ⁇ m to 5 mm by using a separate type of cored bar. Since the outer diameter machining can be easily performed, complicated machining and the diameter of the throat portion not reachable by the cutting tool can be easily formed with a diameter of ⁇ 1 ⁇ m to 5 mm.
- the design innovation of the jet nozzle is expected to process parts that are miniaturized with supersonic energy and high power spraying with a small amount of energy. Therefore, there is a possibility that the propulsive force of the ultra-small Mach jet can be obtained, and the supersonic energy is included in the composite type jet nozzle that consists of multiple convergent parts, throat parts, duvergent parts, and passage parts. It is expected that the mixture will be sprayed or a fine compound will be produced. Further, in order to ensure the strength, it is an electroforming jet nozzle composed of 50 ⁇ m to 50 mm.
- the conceptual diagram of (a) two or more types of cored bar of the Laval nozzle, (b) connection of the connecting jig and the cored bar, and (c) the cored bar and electrodeposit after electrolysis is shown.
- the conceptual diagram of (a) the core metal after electrolysis of the composite jet nozzle, the electrodeposited material and the release jig, and (b) the composite jet nozzle after release is shown.
- the conceptual diagram of the core metal connection part (enlargement) before repair (a) and the core metal connection part (enlargement) after repair (b) is shown.
- tip of 2 or more types of metal bars is shown.
- tip of 3 or more types of metal bars is shown.
- FIG. 1 is a conceptual diagram of (a) two or more types of metal cores of a Laval nozzle, and the Laval nozzle has a first core metal 101 and a second core metal by processing outer diameters of two or more types of metal cores of a separate system.
- the core metal 102 is prepared.
- the shape expressed by two or more types of cores of this separate method is an inner diameter shape (passage shape) of a Laval nozzle that cannot be reached by complicated machining or a cutting tool.
- the above-described cored bar uses two or more types of cored bars in a separate manner, they are coupled by the first coupling jig 103 and electrolysis is performed in the electrolytic solution in this coupled state.
- a method for producing a Laval nozzle by electroforming by separating an electrodeposit obtained by electrolysis with a jig of a first release jig 201 and separating the core metal and the electrodeposit.
- the Laval nozzle is manufactured by the following three steps. 1st stage: Two or more types of cored bar connecting process by separate method 2nd stage: Electrolytic process in the electrolyte solution of the linked cored bar 3rd stage: Separation is performed to separate the deposit and cored bar Process Hereinafter, each process will be described in order.
- the cored bar connecting step in the present invention is performed by connecting the first cored bar 101 and the second cored bar 102 as shown in FIG.
- the first connecting jig 103 is mounted, and the first bolt 104 and the first nut 105 are appropriately adjusted and set and fixed. There is no particular limitation as long as the cored bar is accurately connected.
- a mandrel connection part (enlargement) before repair As an optimal method of the above-described separate mandrel connection, it is shown in a conceptual diagram of a mandrel connection part (enlargement) before repair and (b) a mandrel connection part (enlargement) after repair shown in FIG.
- the connection failure portion 501 exists in the contact portion 100 between the first core metal 101 and the second core metal 102 of the connection portion
- the auxiliary connection portion 502 is repaired on the outer periphery of the connection portion.
- the connecting portion is mainly located at the throat portion of the Laval nozzle, so that a smooth throat portion can be obtained.
- the diameter H of the cored bar tip is approximately 0.05 to 0.15 mm.
- a separate-type cored bar is used, it is a method of repairing a cored bar connecting part that takes into account tolerances and errors because it compensates for inaccuracy during coupling and is manufactured by machining.
- connection auxiliary material for the connecting portion of the above-described separate cored bar examples include conductive wax, conductive putty, lead, bismuth and the like.
- auxiliary material of a connection part is comparatively soft and has electroconductivity. This is because an auxiliary connecting portion having excellent repairability can be obtained.
- conductive wax is used.
- the state where the core metal connection surface is connected to the just is assumed to be 100%, and converted into an area obtained by subtracting the defect of the core metal connection surface shown in the connection failure portion 501.
- the average connected area ratio is preferably 70 to 80% or more, more preferably in the range of 85% to 95%, and still more preferably in the range of 95% to 100%. This is because if it is smaller than the above range, a defective portion may be formed in the throat portion and a uniform jet flow may not be obtained.
- Second stage electrolysis process in the electrolyte solution of the connected cored bar
- the electroforming process in the present invention electrolyzes the connection jig and the cored bar shown in FIG. 1B obtained in the above process.
- This is a step of obtaining an electrodeposit by electrolysis in a liquid. Electrolysis is performed by a general electroforming method.
- masking is performed with a general insulating masking material (insulating tape, rubber material, Teflon (registered trademark), etc.) other than the electroformed part.
- a general insulating masking material insulating tape, rubber material, Teflon (registered trademark), etc.
- the pretreatment process is not particularly limited as long as it is a pretreatment process of a general electroforming method, and the electrocasting part is degreased by a general degreasing process, and the surface activity is etched or pickled. It is immersed in an electrolytic solution after degreasing without performing the chemical conversion step.
- the electrolytic solution used in the present invention is not particularly limited as long as it contains an electroformed metal, and a general electrolytic solution can be used.
- the metal contained in the electrolytic solution examples include nickel, copper, zinc, tin, lead, iron, chromium, gold, and silver, and alloys thereof.
- the electrocast metal is preferably a relatively hard metal. This is because electrocasting having excellent wear resistance can be obtained. Examples of such electrocast metal include nickel, copper, iron, and chromium, and nickel is particularly preferable.
- the electrolytic solution when it is nickel, it may be a sulfamic acid bath or a watt bath.
- a sulfamic acid bath that is, a nickel sulfamate solution is preferable. This is because sulfamic acid baths have become the mainstream for aerospace components due to their low electrodeposition stress.
- electrocasting is an application of plating technology
- a general plating solution may be used. That is, in electrocasting, the electrodeposit obtained by electroplating is separated from the core metal and electrocasting is performed.
- the electrolytic solution may contain additives such as a brightener, a pit inhibitor, a pH buffer, and a complexing agent.
- additives such as a brightener, a pit inhibitor, a pH buffer, and a complexing agent.
- the type of additive used in the electrolyte is appropriately selected according to the type of electroformed metal.
- the electroforming method using the electrolytic solution is not particularly limited, and a general electrolysis method can be applied.
- the pH of the electrolytic solution at the time of electrolysis is not particularly limited as long as it is in the pH range of a general electrolytic solution, and is appropriately adjusted according to the type of electroformed metal.
- the pH of the nickel solution is preferably about 3.0 to 6.0, and more preferably in the range of 4.0 to 5.6. This is because if the pH of the nickel solution is in the above range, the nickel solution is stable and the quality of electroforming can be maintained well.
- the temperature of the electrolytic solution is not particularly limited as long as it is a general liquid temperature range, and is appropriately adjusted according to the type of electroformed metal.
- the liquid temperature during electrolysis is preferably in the range of 40 ° C. to 65 ° C., more preferably in the range of 50 ° C. to 60 ° C. This is because if the temperature is within the above range, the deposition rate of nickel becomes good.
- the current density at the time of electrolysis may be a condition that is suitable for electrolyzing the metal core using an electrolytic solution, and is appropriately adjusted according to the type of electroformed metal. If the electroformed metal is nickel, the current density during electrolysis is preferably about 0.5A / dm 2 ⁇ 20A / dm 2, more preferably in the range of 2A / dm 2 ⁇ 15A / dm 2 . This is because if the current density is too small, electrolysis takes time. Conversely, if the current density is too high, smooth and dense electroforming may not be obtained.
- the time for applying the voltage at the current density is not particularly limited as long as it is in a general range, and the type of electroformed metal and the thickness of the target electroforming are appropriately adjusted according to 50 ⁇ m to 50 mm.
- FIG. 1 (c) Conceptual diagram of core bar and electrodeposit after electrolysis of Laval nozzle, masking is removed after the electrolysis with the electrolytic solution is completed, and first bolt 104 and first nut 105 are loosened. The first connecting jig 103 is removed, and the first electrodeposit 106, the first metal core 101, and the second metal core 102 are brought into a state.
- Step of separating the electrodeposit and the cored bar The separation step in the present invention is the first electrodeposited product 106, the first cored bar 101 and the first cored metal obtained in the above electrolysis process.
- the second metal core 102 is released with the jig of the first release jig 201.
- the electrolysis cored bar and the electrodeposit are shown in FIG. 2 (a).
- the jig 201 is attached.
- the second flat bar 204 and the second cored bar 102 are fixed by the second bolt 206 and the second nut 207.
- FIG. 2B shows a conceptual diagram of the Laval nozzle after release, and the first plurality of release bolts 205 are slowly moved to the first flat using the first plurality of release screw holes 208.
- the first flat bar 203 and the second flat bar 204 must always be in a parallel state.
- the first metal core 101 is also released in the same manner, and a Laval nozzle 209 is obtained after the release.
- the first release jig 201 has a jig structure in which the electrodeposit is applied with a force parallel to the tapered metal core and the shear direction. There is no particular limitation as long as the electrodeposits are not chucked, and the structure is simple as long as the shape of the metal core changes and the mold can be easily manufactured.
- the first polished end face 107 is ground by machining in advance and the contact surface of the first flat bar 203 is planarized, The core bar can be easily released.
- the material of the second core metal 102 is stainless steel, ⁇ 6 to ⁇ 0.1, the length is 55 mm, and the thickness of the first electrodeposit 106 is 3 mm
- the average torque of the release bolt 205 when the amount of shear force required for release when the release bolt 205 is M8 is converted to torque is preferably 10 to 7 N ⁇ m or less, more preferably 5 -3 N ⁇ m or less, more preferably 1.0 to 0.1 N ⁇ m or less. This is because if it is larger than the above range, scratches may occur on the metal core and the electrodeposit. Further, if it is within the above range, the cored bar and the electrodeposit are not galvanized (abnormal friction of the sliding surface), and can be released smoothly.
- the machining of the electrodeposit is not particularly limited as long as it is in a general range, and the type of machining is appropriately adjusted according to the target thickness of 50 ⁇ m to 50 mm of the electrodeposit.
- auxiliary connecting portion 502 is being repaired, after release, when a conductive wax is used as the connection auxiliary material, for example, an organic solvent or ultrasonic cleaning is used in combination with the Laval nozzle 209 after release. Remove the connecting aid completely from the. This is because if the connection auxiliary material remains, a defective portion is formed in the throat portion and a uniform jet flow may not be obtained.
- a conductive wax for example, an organic solvent or ultrasonic cleaning is used in combination with the Laval nozzle 209 after release.
- an electroforming method for producing a Laval nozzle by the above three-stage process can be exemplified.
- the present invention is not limited to the above embodiment.
- the above-described embodiment is an exemplification, and the present invention has substantially the same configuration as the technical idea described in the claims of the present invention, and any device that exhibits the same function and effect is the present invention. It is included in the technical scope of the invention.
- FIG. 3 (a) Conceptual diagram of three or more types of cores in the separate type of the composite jet nozzle shown in FIG. 3, the composite type jet nozzle has three or more types of cores of the separate type by outer diameter processing.
- the third core metal 301, the fourth core metal 302, and the fifth core metal 303 are produced.
- the shape expressed by three or more types of cores of the separate system is an inner diameter shape (passage shape) of a complex jet nozzle that cannot be reached by complicated machining or cutting tools.
- the cored bar is coupled by the second coupling jig 304, and electrolysis is performed in the electrolytic solution in this coupled state.
- a method of manufacturing a composite jet nozzle by electroforming by separating an electrodeposit obtained by electrolysis with a jig of the second mold releasing jig 401 and separating the core metal and the electrodeposit. provide.
- a composite jet nozzle is manufactured in a three-stage process.
- 1st stage 3 or more types of cored bar connecting process by separate system
- 2nd stage Electrolytic process in the electrolyte solution of connected cored bar 3rd stage: Separation is performed to separate the deposit and cored bar Process
- each process will be described in order.
- the cored bar connecting step in the present invention is shown in the conceptual diagram of the connecting jig and the cored bar connecting of the composite jet nozzle shown in FIG.
- the third metal core 301, the fourth metal core 302, and the fifth metal core 303 are attached to the second connecting jig 304, and are appropriately adjusted by the third bolt 305 and the third nut 306. Then set and fix. There is no particular limitation as long as the cored bar is accurately connected.
- ⁇ Since a separate type metal core is used, it is a method of repairing the metal core connecting part that takes into account tolerances and errors because it compensates for inaccuracy during connection and is manufactured by machining.
- connection auxiliary material of the connection part of said separate metal core conductive wax, a conductive putty, lead, bismuth etc. are mentioned, for example.
- the auxiliary material of a connection part is comparatively soft and has electroconductivity. This is because an auxiliary connecting portion having excellent repairability can be obtained.
- conductive wax is used.
- the state where the core metal connection surface is connected to the just is assumed to be 100%, and converted into an area obtained by subtracting the defect of the core metal connection surface shown in the connection failure portion 501.
- the average connected area ratio is preferably 70% to 80% or more, more preferably in the range of 85% to 95%, and still more preferably in the range of 95% to 100%. This is because if it is smaller than the above range, a defective portion may be formed in the throat portion and a uniform jet flow may not be obtained.
- Second stage electrolysis process in the electrolyte solution of the connected cored bar
- the electroforming process in the present invention electrolyzes the connection jig and the cored bar shown in FIG. 3B obtained in the above process. This is a step of obtaining an electrodeposit by electrolysis in a liquid. Electrolysis is performed by a general electroforming method.
- the portions other than the electroformed portion are masked with a general insulating masking material (such as an insulating tape, a rubber material, or Teflon (registered trademark)).
- a general insulating masking material such as an insulating tape, a rubber material, or Teflon (registered trademark)
- the pretreatment process is not particularly limited as long as it is a pretreatment process of a general electroforming method, and the electrocasting part is degreased by a general degreasing process, and the surface activity is etched or pickled. It is immersed in an electrolytic solution after degreasing without performing the chemical conversion step.
- the electrolytic solution used in the present invention is not particularly limited as long as it contains an electroformed metal, and a general electrolytic solution can be used.
- the metal contained in the electrolytic solution examples include nickel, copper, zinc, tin, lead, iron, chromium, gold, and silver, and alloys thereof.
- the electrocast metal is preferably a relatively hard metal. This is because electrocasting having excellent wear resistance can be obtained. Examples of such electrocast metal include nickel, copper, iron, and chromium, and nickel is particularly preferable.
- the electrolytic solution when it is nickel, it may be a sulfamic acid bath or a watt bath.
- a sulfamic acid bath that is, a nickel sulfamate solution is preferable. This is because sulfamic acid baths have become the mainstream for aerospace components due to their low electrodeposition stress.
- electrocasting is an application of plating technology
- a general plating solution may be used. That is, in electrocasting, the electrodeposit obtained by electroplating is separated from the core metal and electrocasting is performed.
- the electrolytic solution may contain additives such as a brightener, a pit inhibitor, a pH buffer, and a complexing agent.
- additives such as a brightener, a pit inhibitor, a pH buffer, and a complexing agent.
- the type of additive used in the electrolyte is appropriately selected according to the type of electroformed metal.
- the electroforming method using the electrolytic solution is not particularly limited, and a general electrolysis method can be applied.
- the pH of the electrolytic solution at the time of electrolysis is not particularly limited as long as it is in the pH range of a general electrolytic solution, and is appropriately adjusted according to the type of electroformed metal.
- the pH of the nickel solution is preferably about 3.0 to 6.0, and more preferably in the range of 4.0 to 5.6. This is because if the pH of the nickel solution is in the above range, the nickel solution is stable and the quality of electroforming can be maintained well.
- the temperature of the electrolytic solution is not particularly limited as long as it is a general liquid temperature range, and is appropriately adjusted according to the type of electroformed metal.
- the liquid temperature during electrolysis is preferably in the range of 40 ° C. to 65 ° C., more preferably in the range of 50 ° C. to 60 ° C. This is because if the temperature is within the above range, the deposition rate of nickel becomes good.
- the current density at the time of electrolysis may be a condition that is suitable for electrolyzing the metal core using an electrolytic solution, and is appropriately adjusted according to the type of electroformed metal. If the electroformed metal is nickel, the current density during electrolysis is preferably about 0.5A / dm 2 ⁇ 20A / dm 2, more preferably in the range of 2A / dm 2 ⁇ 15A / dm 2 . This is because if the current density is too small, electrolysis takes time. Conversely, if the current density is too high, smooth and dense electroforming may not be obtained.
- the time for applying the voltage at the current density is not particularly limited as long as it is in a general range, and is appropriately adjusted according to the type of electroformed metal and the target electrocast thickness of 50 ⁇ m to 50 mm. .
- FIG. 3 shows a conceptual diagram of (c) cored bar and electrodeposit after electrolysis of a composite jet nozzle.
- the (c) electrolyzed core metal and electrodeposit of the composite jet nozzle are removed after the electrolysis with the above-described electrolytic solution, and the third bolt 305 and the third nut are removed.
- 306 is loosened, the second connecting jig 304 is removed, and the second electrodeposit 307, the third metal core 301, the fourth metal core 302, and the fifth metal core 303 are brought into a state.
- Step of separating the electrodeposit and the cored bar The separation step in the present invention is the second electrodeposited product 307, the third cored bar 301, the first cored metal 301 obtained in the above electrolysis process.
- the fourth metal core 302 and the fifth metal core 303 are separated by the jig of the second mold release jig 401.
- the cored bar and the electrodeposit after electrolysis are used, and as shown in FIG. A release jig 401 is attached.
- the fourth flat bar 404 and the fourth core metal 302 are fixed by the fourth bolt 406 and the fourth nut 407.
- the composite jet nozzle after release uses the second plurality of release screw holes 408 to slowly apply the second plurality of release bolts 405 to the third. And turn to the flat bar 403 side to release the fourth core metal 302.
- the third flat bar 403 and the fourth flat bar 404 must always be in a parallel state.
- the third core bar 301 and the fifth core bar 303 are also released in the same manner, and the composite jet nozzle 409 is obtained after the release.
- the second release jig 401 has a jig structure that applies a force parallel to the taper metal core and the shear direction to the electrodeposit.
- a force parallel to the taper metal core and the shear direction to the electrodeposit There is no particular limitation as long as the electrodeposits are not chucked, and the structure is simple as long as the shape of the metal core changes and the mold can be easily manufactured.
- the second polishing end surface 308 is ground by machining in advance and the contact surface of the third flat bar 403 is planarized, The core bar can be easily released.
- the material of the fourth core metal 302 is stainless steel, ⁇ 6 to ⁇ 0.1, the length is 55 mm, the thickness of the second electrodeposit 307 is 3 mm,
- the average torque of the release bolt 405 when the amount of shear force required for release when the release bolt 405 is M8 is converted to torque is preferably 10 to 7 N ⁇ m or less, more preferably 5 -3 N ⁇ m or less, more preferably 1.0 to 0.1 N ⁇ m or less. This is because if it is larger than the above range, scratches may occur on the metal core and the electrodeposit. Further, if it is within the above range, the cored bar and the electrodeposit are not galvanized (abnormal friction of the sliding surface), and can be released smoothly.
- the machining of the electrodeposit is not particularly limited as long as it is in a general range, and the type of machining is appropriately adjusted according to the target thickness of 50 ⁇ m to 50 mm of the electrodeposit.
- auxiliary connecting portion 502 If the auxiliary connecting portion 502 is being repaired, after release, if, for example, conductive wax is used as the connection auxiliary material, the composite type after release using an organic solvent or ultrasonic cleaning together.
- the connecting auxiliary material is completely removed from the jet nozzle 409. This is because if the connection auxiliary material remains, a defective portion is formed in the throat portion and a uniform jet flow may not be obtained.
- an electroforming method for producing a composite jet nozzle by the above-described three-stage process can be exemplified.
- the present invention is not limited to the above embodiment.
- the above-described embodiment is an exemplification, and the present invention has substantially the same configuration as the technical idea described in the claims of the present invention, and any device that exhibits the same function and effect is the present invention. It is included in the technical scope of the invention.
- first metal core and second metal core contact portion 101 first metal core 102 second metal core 103 first connecting jig 104 first bolt 105 first nut 106 first electric power Deposit 107 First polished end face 201 First release jig 202 Contact surface 203 between first polished end face and first electrodeposit side flat bar 203 First flat bar 204 Second flat bar 205 First The plurality of release bolts 206 The second bolt 207 The second nut 208 The first plurality of release screw holes 209 The Laval nozzle 300 after release The third core metal, the fourth core metal, and the fifth Core metal contact portion 301 Third metal core 302 Fourth metal core 303 Fifth metal core 304 Second connecting jig 305 Third bolt 306 Third nut 307 Second electrodeposit 308 Second polishing end surface 401 Second mold release jig 402 Second polishing end surface and second Electrodeposit side flat bar contact surface 403 Third flat bar 404 Fourth flat bar 405 Second plurality of release bolts 406 Fourth bolt 407 Fourth nut 408 Second plurality of release parts Screw hole 409
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Abstract
Electrocasting is used to manufacture de Laval nozzles, which are a variety of nozzle used in aerospace applications and diverse industrial fields. de Laval nozzles are not suited to complex machining or cutting tools. In order for composite jet nozzles having a plurality of convergent parts, throat parts, divergent parts, and pass-through parts to be manufactured by electrocasting, the tapered leading ends of a plurality of separate mandrels constituting the convergent parts, throat parts, divergent parts, and pass-through parts are brought into contact and linked, before being simultaneously electrolyzed in liquid electrolyte. The material electrodeposited on the outer periphery of the mandrels is separated from the mandrels to produce a jet nozzle. When the mandrels are improperly linked, an auxiliary linking part is fabricated on the outer periphery of the linking part as a remedial operation, and electrolysis is then performed in liquid electrolyte. The material electrodeposited on the mandrels is separated from the mandrels to produce a jet nozzle.
Description
本発明は、機械加工で切削工具の届きにくい煩雑な内径加工や、切削工具の届かない内径形状の場合においても、ラバールノズルや複数のコンバージェント部、ダイバージェント部、通路部を有する複合型ジェットノズルを簡便に製造する電気鋳造製造法である。
The present invention is a complex jet nozzle having a Laval nozzle, a plurality of convergent portions, a divergent portion, and a passage portion even in the case of complicated inner diameter processing that is difficult for a cutting tool to reach by machining or an inner diameter shape that does not reach a cutting tool. This is an electrocasting manufacturing method for simply manufacturing the above.
古くから、コンバージェント部、スロート部、ダイバージェント部から構成されたラバール構造を有するラバールノズルは存在する。(例えば、非特許文献1)その代表的な製造方法は機械加工である。また、電気鋳造によるノズルの製造はインクジェットや、ノズル先端部分を超精細とした超精細ノズルの内径テーパー形状ノズル電気鋳造法が知られている。(例えば、特許文献1)
Since ancient times, there is a Laval nozzle having a Laval structure composed of a convergent part, a throat part, and a divergent part. (For example, nonpatent literature 1) The typical manufacturing method is machining. In addition, as for the production of nozzles by electroforming, there are known inkjet and inner diameter taper-shaped nozzle electroforming methods of ultra-fine nozzles having ultra-fine nozzle tip portions. (For example, Patent Document 1)
しかしながら、ラバールノズルの製造は、機械加工で切削工具の届き難い場合には、ラバールノズルの製造は煩雑であり、切削工具の届かない場合にはラバールノズルの製造が出来ない。さらに、複数のコンバージェント部、スロート部、ダイバージェント部、通路部を有する複合型ジェットノズルの加工には、手間がかかり煩雑である。
However, the manufacture of the Laval nozzle is complicated when the cutting tool is difficult to reach by machining, and the Laval nozzle cannot be manufactured when the cutting tool cannot be reached. Furthermore, processing of a composite jet nozzle having a plurality of convergent portions, throat portions, divergent portions, and passage portions is troublesome and complicated.
したがって、本発明の課題は、煩雑な機械加工や切削工具の届かないラバールノズル(ジェットノズル)の製造を、電気鋳造法で製造することである。また、複数のコンバージェント部、スロート部、ダイバージェント部、通路部を有する複合型ジェットノズルの製造を提供することである。
Therefore, an object of the present invention is to manufacture a Laval nozzle (jet nozzle) that is out of reach of complicated machining and cutting tools by an electroforming method. Another object of the present invention is to provide a composite jet nozzle having a plurality of convergent parts, a throat part, a divergent part, and a passage part.
また、ラバールノズルおよび複合型ジェットノズルの通路部には超音速の流動エネルギーで加圧されるので電析物の厚みを50μm~50mmとする必要があり、煩雑な機械加工や切削工具の届かないスロート部の直径を、φ1μm~5mmとする必要がある。
In addition, the passage part of the Laval nozzle and the composite jet nozzle is pressurized with supersonic flow energy, so the thickness of the electrodeposit needs to be 50 μm to 50 mm, and the throat is out of reach of complicated machining and cutting tools. The diameter of the part needs to be φ1 μm to 5 mm.
本発明者等は、電気鋳造の実験・研究の過程で、ラバールノズルや複合型ジェットノズルを得るために、テーパー芯金で電気鋳造ノズルを製作し、コンバージェント部やダイバージェント部の機械加工を試みたが、精度よくジャストでスロート部となる内径テーパーの先端を捉えることが困難である。
In the process of electrocasting experiments and research, the present inventors made an electroforming nozzle with a tapered mandrel to obtain a Laval nozzle and a composite jet nozzle, and attempted machining of the convergent part and the divergent part. However, it is difficult to accurately capture the tip of the inner diameter taper that becomes the throat portion.
また、本発明者等は、アルミニウム、鉛、ビスマス、電導性ワックス等の素材で一体型のラバールノズルや複合型ノズルの芯金を製作することを考案したが芯金を溶解させ毎回、ラバールノズル形状や複合型ジェット形状の芯金を製作しなければならないので煩雑であり、また分割方式の芯金の場合には、機械加工での公差や誤差で芯金連結部に補修が必要となる。
In addition, the inventors of the present invention have devised to manufacture a core bar of an integral type Laval nozzle or a composite type nozzle with a material such as aluminum, lead, bismuth, and conductive wax. A complex jet-shaped cored bar must be manufactured, which is complicated. In the case of a split-type cored bar, it is necessary to repair the cored bar connecting part due to tolerances and errors in machining.
本発明は、ラバールノズルのコンバージェント部、スロート部、ダバージェント部、通路部を構成するセパレート方式複数芯金のテーパー状先端を当接させ連結した状態で、同時に電解液の中で電解をおこない、前記芯金外周の電析物と、前記芯金を分離させてジェットノズルを製造することを特徴とするラバールノズル電気鋳造方法で、更に、芯金のテーパー状先端当接部の連結不具合連結部外周を補修後、電解液の中で電解をおこない、芯金外周の電析物と、前記芯金を分離させてラバールノズルを製造した。
The present invention performs electrolysis in an electrolytic solution at the same time in a state where the tapered tip of a separate type multi-core metal that constitutes the convergent part, throat part, duvergent part, and passage part of the Laval nozzle is contacted and connected, In the Laval nozzle electroforming method, an electrodeposit on the outer periphery of the metal core and the jet metal are manufactured by separating the metal core, and the connection failure outer periphery of the tapered tip contact portion of the metal core After repairing, electrolysis was performed in the electrolytic solution, and the deposit on the outer periphery of the cored bar was separated from the cored bar to produce a Laval nozzle.
また、電析物のせん断方向に平行な力を加える離形治具を上記芯金の一端に取付けて、電析物を上記芯金から離形させて、ラバールノズルを製造した。なお、電気鋳造方法で形成された電析物の厚みは、50μm~50mmとし、スロート部の直径をφ1μm(0.785μm2)~5mm(19.625mm2)とした。なお、スロート部の形状は円形であることが通常であるが、三角形、四角形等多角形状であってもよい。上記の電気鋳造方法で形成された電析物の分離方法として、離形治具は、電析物をテーパー芯金とせん断方向に平行な力を加える治具構造であり、電析物をチャッキングすることがなく、芯金形状が変わっても離形治具の製作も容易にできるシンプルな構造で、前記の離形治具を最適に使用するために、予め電析物端面を機械加工で研削して離形治具との接触面を平面化してから使用すると電析物と芯金の離形が容易にできることを特徴とするラバールノズル電気鋳造方法の離形方法である。
In addition, a release tool for applying a force parallel to the shear direction of the electrodeposit was attached to one end of the metal core, and the electrodeposit was released from the metal core to produce a Laval nozzle. The thickness of the electrodeposit formed by the electroforming method was 50 μm to 50 mm, and the diameter of the throat portion was φ1 μm (0.785 μm 2 ) to 5 mm (19.625 mm 2 ). The shape of the throat portion is usually circular, but may be a polygonal shape such as a triangle or a quadrangle. As a method for separating an electrodeposit formed by the electroforming method described above, a release jig is a jig structure that applies a force parallel to the taper core and the shear direction to the electrodeposit. The end face of the deposit is machined in advance for optimal use of the above-mentioned release jig with a simple structure that can be easily manufactured even if the core metal shape changes without king. This is a release method of the Laval nozzle electroforming method characterized in that the electrodeposit and the cored bar can be easily released when the contact surface with the release tool is flattened by grinding with a flat plate.
上記の電気鋳造方法で形成された電析物の厚みが、強度を確保するために50μm~50mmからなり、煩雑な機械加工や切削工具の届かないスロート部がφ1μm~5mmからなることを特徴とする電気鋳造ラバールノズルである。
The thickness of the electrodeposit formed by the above-mentioned electroforming method is 50 μm to 50 mm in order to ensure strength, and the throat portion where complicated machining and cutting tools cannot reach is composed of φ1 μm to 5 mm. This is an electroformed Laval nozzle.
その手段として、ラバールノズルは、コンバージェント部、スロート部、ダバージェント部を構成するセパレート方式の2種類以上の芯金を外径加工で、製作する。このコンバージェント部、スロート部、ダバージェント部、を構成するセパレート方式の2種類以上の芯金で表現される形状は煩雑な機械加工や切削工具の届かないコンバージェント部、スロート部、ダバージェント部、通路部を構成するなることを特徴とするラバールノズルの内径形状(通路形状)である。
As a means for this, the Laval nozzle is manufactured by outer diameter machining of two or more types of separate core bars that constitute the convergent part, the throat part, and the convergent part. The shape expressed by two or more types of separate cores that make up this convergent part, throat part, and convergent part is a complex part, throat part, and convergent part that cannot be reached by complicated machining or cutting tools. The inner diameter shape (passage shape) of the Laval nozzle is characterized by constituting a passage portion.
上記、芯金は、コンバージェント部、スロート部、ダバージェント部を構成するセパレート方式で2種類以上の芯金を使用するので、連結治具で当接させ、この連結させた状態で電解液の中で電解をおこなう。電解で得られた電析物を離形治具で離形を行い、芯金と電析物を分離することで、ラバールノズルを電気鋳造で製造する方法を提供することである。
Since the above-mentioned cored bar uses two or more types of cored bar in a separate system that constitutes the convergent part, the throat part, and the convergent part, it is brought into contact with a connecting jig and the electrolyte solution is in this connected state. Electrolyze inside. It is intended to provide a method for producing a Laval nozzle by electroforming by separating an electrodeposit obtained by electrolysis with a releasing jig and separating the core metal and the electrodeposit.
また、複合型ジェットノズルの芯金は、コンバージェント部、スロート部、ダバージェント部、通路部を構成するセパレート方式の3種類以上の芯金を外径加工で、製作する。このコンバージェント部、スロート部、ダバージェント部、通路部を構成するセパレート方式の3種類以上の芯金で表現される形状は煩雑な機械加工や切削工具の届かないスロート部がφ1μm~5mmからなることを特徴とする複合型ジェットノズルの内径形状(通路形状)である。
Also, the core of the composite jet nozzle is manufactured by outer diameter machining of three or more types of separate cores that constitute the convergent part, throat part, duvergent part, and passage part. The shape expressed by three or more types of separate cores constituting the convergent part, the throat part, the convergent part, and the passage part has a throat part of φ1 μm to 5 mm where complicated machining or a cutting tool cannot reach. This is an inner diameter shape (passage shape) of the composite jet nozzle.
上記、芯金は、コンバージェント部、スロート部、ダバージェント部、通路部を構成するセパレート方式で3種類以上の芯金を使用するので、連結治具で連結させ、この連結させた状態で電解液の中で電解をおこなう。電解で得られた電析物を離形治具で離形を行い、芯金と電析物を分離することで、複数のコンバージェント部、ダイバージェント部、スロート部、通路部を有する複合型ジェットノズルを電気鋳造で製造する方法を提供することである。
Since the above-mentioned cored bar uses three or more kinds of cored bars in a separate system that constitutes the convergent part, the throat part, the convergent part, and the passage part, it is connected with a connecting jig and electrolyzed in this connected state. Perform electrolysis in the liquid. A composite type having multiple convergent parts, divergent parts, throat parts, and passage parts by separating the electrodeposits obtained by electrolysis with a release tool and separating the core metal and the electrodeposits. It is to provide a method for manufacturing a jet nozzle by electroforming.
本発明に用いられる芯金は、コンバージェント部、スロート部、ダバージェント部、通路部を構成するセパレート方式なので、一体式のコンバージェント部、スロート部、ダバージェント部、通路部を構成する芯金よりも外径加工が簡易にできる。また、セパレート方式の複数芯金にすることで芯金のテーパー状先端を、φ1μm~5mmとする外径加工も簡易にでき、あわせてコンバージェント部、スロート部、ダバージェント部、通路部を構成するセパレート方式の芯金を電析物から離形できる形状にすることを目的としている。
The core metal used in the present invention is a separate system that constitutes a convergent part, a throat part, a convergent part, and a passage part, so a core metal that constitutes an integrated convergent part, throat part, convergent part, and passage part The outside diameter processing can be simplified. In addition, by using a separate cored bar, the outer diameter of the tapered tip of the cored bar can be easily changed to φ1μm to 5mm, and the convergent part, throat part, convergent part, and passage part are also configured. It aims at making the shape of the separate type metal core that can be separated from the deposit.
芯金のテーパー状先端のスロート部の直径が、φ1μm~5mmであることが好ましく、より好ましくはφ10μm~2.5mmであることが好ましく、さらに好ましくはφ50μm~0.5mmの範囲内である。上記範囲より小さいと、芯金製作や電気鋳造が困難であり、上記範囲より大きいと、煩雑な機械加工や切削工具の届かないスロート部が得られないからである。
The diameter of the throat portion at the tapered tip of the metal core is preferably φ1 μm to 5 mm, more preferably φ10 μm to 2.5 mm, and still more preferably φ50 μm to 0.5 mm. If it is smaller than the above range, it is difficult to produce a cored bar and electrocasting, and if it is larger than the above range, it is difficult to obtain a complicated throat and a throat portion that does not reach the cutting tool.
本発明に用いられる芯金素材としては、電気を通すものであれば特に限定されるものではない。好適に用いられる芯金素材としては、ステンレス鋼等を使用する。しかしながら、煩雑な離形形状の場合には、芯金素材は、アルミニウム、鉛、ビスマス、電導性ワックス等であれば特に限定されるものではない。
The core metal material used in the present invention is not particularly limited as long as it conducts electricity. Stainless steel or the like is used as a core metal material that is suitably used. However, in the case of a complicated release shape, the core metal material is not particularly limited as long as it is aluminum, lead, bismuth, conductive wax or the like.
セパレート方式の芯金の連結治具としては、コンバージェント部、スロート部、ダバージェント部、通路部を構成する複数の芯金を正確に連結させれば特に限定されるものではない。
The connecting jig for the separate type metal core is not particularly limited as long as a plurality of metal cores constituting the convergent portion, the throat portion, the convergent portion, and the passage portion are accurately connected.
上記のセパレート芯金連結の最適な方法として、芯金連結部に連結不具合がある場合には連結部外周に補助連結部の補修をおこなう。芯金連結部はおもに、ラバールノズルや複合型ジェットノズルのスロート部に位置するので、滑らかなスロート部を得ることができるからである。
∙ As an optimal method for the above-described separate core metal connection, if there is a connection failure in the core metal connection part, repair the auxiliary connection part on the outer periphery of the connection part. This is because the cored bar connecting portion is mainly located in the throat portion of the Laval nozzle or the composite jet nozzle, so that a smooth throat portion can be obtained.
セパレート方式の芯金を使用するので、連結時の精度不足を補うことと、機械加工で製作するので公差や誤差を考慮した芯金連結部の補修方法である。
¡Since a separate type metal core is used, it is a method of repairing the metal core connecting part that takes into account tolerances and errors because it compensates for inaccuracy during connection and is manufactured by machining.
また、上記のセパレート方式芯金の連結部分の連結補助材としては、例えば、電導性ワックス、電導性パテ、鉛、ビスマス等が挙げられる。中でも、連結部の補助材は比較的軟らかく電導性があることが好ましい。補修性に優れる補助連結部を得ることができるからである。好適には、電導性ワックスを使用する。
In addition, examples of the connection auxiliary material for the connecting portion of the above-described separate-type cored bar include conductive wax, conductive putty, lead, bismuth, and the like. Especially, it is preferable that the auxiliary material of a connection part is comparatively soft and has electroconductivity. This is because an auxiliary connecting portion having excellent repairability can be obtained. Preferably, conductive wax is used.
電解液に含まれる金属としては、例えば、ニッケル、銅、亜鉛、すず、鉛、鉄、クロム、金および銀等が挙げられ、またこれらの合金が挙げられる。中でも、電気鋳造金属は比較的硬い金属であることが好ましい。耐磨耗性に優れる電気鋳造を得ることができるからである。このような電気鋳造金属としては、例えば、ニッケル、銅、鉄、クロム等を挙げることができ、特にニッケルが好ましい。
Examples of the metal contained in the electrolytic solution include nickel, copper, zinc, tin, lead, iron, chromium, gold, and silver, and alloys thereof. Among them, the electrocast metal is preferably a relatively hard metal. This is because electrocasting having excellent wear resistance can be obtained. Examples of such electrocast metal include nickel, copper, iron, and chromium, and nickel is particularly preferable.
また、電解液がニッケルである場合は、スルファミン酸浴であってもよくワット浴であってもよい。中でも、スルファミン酸浴、すなわちスルファミン酸ニッケル液が好ましい。スルファミン酸浴は、電着応力が小さいことで、航空・宇宙部品用の主流となっているからである。
Further, when the electrolytic solution is nickel, it may be a sulfamic acid bath or a watt bath. Among these, a sulfamic acid bath, that is, a nickel sulfamate solution is preferable. This is because sulfamic acid baths have become the mainstream for aerospace components due to their low electrodeposition stress.
電解時の電流密度としては、電解液を用いて芯金に電解を施すのに適した条件であればよく、電鋳金属の種類に応じて適宜調整される。電鋳金属がニッケルである場合、電解時の電流密度は0.5A/dm2~20A/dm2程度とすることが好ましく、より好ましくは2A/dm2~15A/dm2の範囲内である。電流密度が小さすぎると、電解に時間がかかるからである。逆に、電流密度が大きすぎると、平滑で緻密な電気鋳造を得られない場合があるからである。
The current density at the time of electrolysis may be a condition that is suitable for electrolyzing the metal core using an electrolytic solution, and is appropriately adjusted according to the type of electroformed metal. If the electroformed metal is nickel, the current density during electrolysis is preferably about 0.5A / dm 2 ~ 20A / dm 2, more preferably in the range of 2A / dm 2 ~ 15A / dm 2 . This is because if the current density is too small, electrolysis takes time. Conversely, if the current density is too high, smooth and dense electroforming may not be obtained.
上記電流密度で電圧を印加する時間としては、一般的な範囲であれば特に限定されるものではなく、電鋳金属の種類および目的とする電気鋳造の厚みが50μm~50mmであることが好ましく、より好ましくは100μm~30mmであることが好ましく、さらに好ましくは200μm~15mmの範囲内である。上記範囲より小さいと、強度を確保することができず、上記範囲より大きいと、電気鋳造が困難になり、小型ラバールノズルが得られない場合があるからである。
The time for applying the voltage at the current density is not particularly limited as long as it is in a general range, and the type of electroformed metal and the thickness of the target electroforming are preferably 50 μm to 50 mm. More preferably, the thickness is from 100 μm to 30 mm, and even more preferably from 200 μm to 15 mm. If it is smaller than the above range, the strength cannot be ensured, and if it is larger than the above range, electroforming becomes difficult, and a small Laval nozzle may not be obtained.
離形治具は、電析物をテーパー芯金とせん断方向に平行な力を加える治具構造である。電析物をチャッキングすることがないことを特徴とし、芯金形状が変わっても離形治具の製作も容易にできるシンプルな構造であれば特に限定されるものではない。
The demolding jig is a jig structure that applies a force parallel to the taper core and the shear direction to the electrodeposit. There is no particular limitation as long as the electrodeposits are not chucked, and the structure is simple as long as the shape of the metal core changes and the mold can be easily manufactured.
また、上記の離形治具を最適に使用するために、予め電析物端面を機械加工で研削して離形治具との接触面を平面化してから使用すると電析物と芯金の離形が容易にできる。
In order to use the above-mentioned release jig optimally, if the electrodeposit end face is ground by machining in advance and the contact surface with the release jig is planarized, Release is easy.
電析物の機械加工は、一般的な範囲であれば特に限定されるものではなく、機械加工の種類は電析物の目的とする厚みが50μm~50mmであることが好ましく、より好ましくは100μm~30mmであることが好ましく、さらに好ましくは200μm~15mmの範囲内である。上記範囲より小さいと、強度を確保することができず、上記範囲より大きいと、電気鋳造が困難になり、小型ラバールノズルが得られない場合があるからである。
The machining of the electrodeposit is not particularly limited as long as it is in a general range, and the type of machining is preferably a target thickness of 50 μm to 50 mm, more preferably 100 μm. It is preferably ˜30 mm, more preferably in the range of 200 μm to 15 mm. If it is smaller than the above range, the strength cannot be ensured, and if it is larger than the above range, electroforming becomes difficult, and a small Laval nozzle may not be obtained.
本発明の電気鋳造方法は、コンバージェント部、スロート部、ダバージェント部、通路部を構成するセパレート方式の複数芯金のテーパー状先端を当接させ連結した状態にすることで、一体式のコンバージェント部、スロート部、ダバージェント部、通路部を構成する芯金よりも外径加工が簡易にできる。
The electroforming method of the present invention is an integrated converter by bringing the tapered tips of the separate type multi-core bars constituting the convergent portion, the throat portion, the convergent portion, and the passage portion into contact with each other and connected to each other. Outer diameter processing can be made easier than the cored bar constituting the gentle part, throat part, duvergent part, and passage part.
また、セパレート方式の複数芯金にすることで芯金のテーパー状先端を、φ1μm~5mmとする外径加工も簡易にでき、あわせてコンバージェント部、スロート部、ダバージェント部、通路部を構成するセパレート方式の芯金を電析物から簡易に離形できる形状にする。
In addition, by using a separate cored bar, the outer diameter of the tapered tip of the cored bar can be easily changed to φ1μm to 5mm, and the convergent part, throat part, convergent part, and passage part are also configured. The shape of the separate-type cored bar that can be easily removed from the deposit.
本発明の電気鋳造方法は、単体のテーパー芯金で得られる電析物では、後加工でコンバージェント部、スロート部、ダバージェント部、通路部のいずれかを作製しないとジェットノズルを得られないが、コンバージェント部、スロート部、ダバージェント部、通路部を構成するセパレート方式の複数芯金のテーパー状先端を当接させ連結した状態で、同時に電解液の中で電解をおこない、前記芯金外周の電析物と、前記芯金を分離させてジェットノズルを製造することで、後加工が不要となる。
In the electrocasting method of the present invention, in the electrodeposit obtained from a single taper mandrel, a jet nozzle cannot be obtained unless any of a convergent part, a throat part, a duvergent part, or a passage part is produced by post-processing. However, the cored bar is subjected to electrolysis in an electrolytic solution at the same time in a state where the tapered tips of the separate type cored bars constituting the convergent part, the throat part, the convergent part, and the passage part are brought into contact with and connected to each other. By manufacturing the jet nozzle by separating the outer electrodeposit and the core metal, post-processing is not necessary.
また、後加工で精度よくジャストでスロート部となる内径テーパーの先端を捉えることが出来ず加工に困難であるが、コンバージェント部、スロート部、ダバージェント部、通路部を構成するセパレート方式の複数芯金のテーパー状先端を当接させ連結した状態で、同時に電解液の中で電解をおこない、前記芯金外周の電析物と、前記芯金を分離させてジェットノズルを製造することで、精度よくジャストでスロート部となる内径テーパーの先端を捉える加工も不要となる効果がある。
In addition, it is difficult to process because the tip of the inner diameter taper that becomes the throat part can be captured accurately and accurately in post-processing, but there are multiple separate methods that constitute the convergent part, throat part, convergent part, and passage part. In the state where the tapered tip of the cored bar is in contact and connected, electrolysis is performed in the electrolyte solution at the same time, and the electrodeposit on the outer periphery of the cored bar is separated from the cored bar to produce a jet nozzle, There is an effect that it is not necessary to precisely process the tip of the inner diameter taper that becomes the throat portion.
本発明のジェットノズル電気鋳造方法の芯金連結部補修方法は、コンバージェント部、スロート部、ダバージェント部、通路部を構成するセパレート方式複数芯金のテーパー状先端の当接部に連結不具合がある場合には連結部外周に補助連結部を製作し補修後、電解液の中で電解をおこない、前記芯金外周の電析物と、前記芯金を分離させてジェットノズルを製造することを特徴とするセパレート方式の芯金を使用するので、連結時の精度不足を補うことと、機械加工で製作するので公差や誤差を考慮した芯金連結部の補修方法である。
The method of repairing the cored bar connecting part of the jet nozzle electroforming method of the present invention has a connection failure in the contact part of the tapered tip of the separate type multiple cored bar constituting the convergent part, the throat part, the convergent part, and the passage part. In some cases, after manufacturing and repairing the auxiliary connecting part on the outer periphery of the connecting part, electrolysis is performed in the electrolytic solution, and the electrodeposit on the outer periphery of the metal core is separated from the metal core to produce a jet nozzle. This is a method of repairing the cored bar connecting portion that takes into account tolerances and errors because it uses a separate type cored bar, which compensates for the lack of accuracy during coupling and is manufactured by machining.
また、上記の芯金連結部の補修方法に関しては、芯金連結面がジャストに連結している状態を100%とし、連結不具合部芯金連結面の不具合を引いた面積に換算したときの平均連結面積比率が、70~80%以上であることが好ましく、より好ましくは85%~95%の範囲内、さらに好ましくは95%~100%の範囲内である。上記範囲より小さいと、スロート部に欠陥部分が形成され均一なジェット流が得られない場合があるからである。芯金連結部の補修が、上記範囲であれば、スロート部に欠陥部分がなく均一なジェット流が得られる効果がある。
In addition, regarding the repair method of the above-described cored bar connecting portion, the average when the cored bar connecting surface is just connected to 100% and converted to the area where the fault of the connecting faulted cored bar connecting surface is subtracted. The connection area ratio is preferably 70 to 80% or more, more preferably in the range of 85% to 95%, and still more preferably in the range of 95% to 100%. This is because if it is smaller than the above range, a defective portion may be formed in the throat portion and a uniform jet flow may not be obtained. If the repair of the cored bar connecting portion is within the above range, there is an effect that a uniform jet flow can be obtained without a defective portion in the throat portion.
本発明の電気鋳造方法で形成された電析物の分離方法として、離形治具は、電析物をテーパー芯金とせん断方向に平行な力を加える治具構造であり、電析物をチャッキングすることがないので、チャッキング時の電析物への変形や歪を軽減し、複数芯金で電気鋳造ジェットノズルを製造するので芯金形状が変わっても離形治具の製作も容易にできるシンプルな構造としており複数芯金ごとの離形治具製作も簡便にできる。
As a method for separating an electrodeposit formed by the electroforming method of the present invention, a release jig is a jig structure that applies a force parallel to the taper metal bar and the shear direction to the electrodeposit. Since there is no chucking, the deformation and distortion of the electrodeposits during chucking are reduced, and the electroformed jet nozzle is manufactured with multiple cored bars. It has a simple structure that can be easily done, making it easy to manufacture molds for multiple cores.
上記の離形治具を最適に使用するために、予め電析物端面を機械加工で研削して離形治具との接触面を平面化してから使用すると電析物と芯金の離形が容易にできる離形方法であり、例えば、複数の芯金の素材がステンレス鋼でφ6~φ0.1、長さ55mmであり、電析物の厚みが3mmであり、離形用ボルトがM8である場合の離形に要するせん断力量をトルクに換算したときの離形用ボルトの平均トルクは、10~7N・m以下であることが好ましく、より好ましくは5~3N・m以下、さらに好ましくは1.0~0.1 N・m以下の範囲内である。上記範囲より大きいと、芯金と電析物に面圧が高くなり擦り傷が生じる場合があるからである。
In order to use the above-mentioned mold release jig optimally, if the electrodeposit end face is ground by machining in advance to flatten the contact surface with the mold release jig, then the electrodeposition and core metal will be released. For example, the material of the plurality of metal cores is stainless steel, φ6 to φ0.1, the length is 55 mm, the thickness of the electrodeposit is 3 mm, and the release bolt is M8. The average torque of the release bolt when the amount of shearing force required for release is converted to torque is preferably 10 to 7 N · m or less, more preferably 5 to 3 N · m or less. Is in the range of 1.0 to 0.1 N · m or less. If it is larger than the above range, the surface pressure of the cored bar and the electrodeposit may be increased and scratches may occur.
また、上記範囲内であれば芯金と電析物にかじり(摺動面の異常摩擦)が発生せず、スムーズに離形出来ることを特徴とするものであり、電析物をテーパー芯金からスムーズに離形出来き、複数芯金ごとの離形治具も簡便に製作できる。
In addition, if it is within the above range, the cored bar and the electrodeposit are free from galling (abnormal friction on the sliding surface) and can be released smoothly. Can be released smoothly, and a mold release tool for each of the multiple core bars can be easily manufactured.
本発明の電気鋳造ジェットノズルは、コンバージェント部、スロート部、ダバージェント部、通路部を構成するセパレート方式の複数芯金のテーパー状先端を当接させ連結した状態にすることで、一体式のコンバージェント部、スロート部、ダバージェント部、通路部を構成する芯金よりも外径加工が簡易にでき、セパレート方式の複数芯金にすることで芯金のテーパー状先端を、φ1μm~5mmとする外径加工も簡易にできるので煩雑な機械加工や切削工具の届かないスロート部の直径がφ1μm~5mmで簡易に形成できる。
The electroformed jet nozzle of the present invention is a unitary type by bringing the tapered tip of a separate type multi-core metal constituting the convergent part, the throat part, the convergent part, and the passage part into contact with and connected to each other. Outer diameter processing is simpler than the cores that make up the convergent part, throat part, convergent part, and passage part, and the tapered tip of the cored bar is φ1 μm to 5 mm by using a separate type of cored bar. Since the outer diameter machining can be easily performed, complicated machining and the diameter of the throat portion not reachable by the cutting tool can be easily formed with a diameter of φ1 μm to 5 mm.
スロート部の直径がφ1μm~5mmとなるので、ジェットノズルの設計革新で、ラバールノズルは超音速のエネルギーで微細化される部品の加工や、少量のエネルギーでの高出力吹き付けが期待され、航空宇宙関係で、超小型のマッハジェットでの推進力を得ることが出来る可能性があり、複数のコンバージェント部、スロート部、ダバージェント部、通路部を構成する複合型ジェットノズルには、超音速のエネルギーで混合物を吹き付けたり、微細な化合物を生成させたりすることが期待される。また、強度を確保するために50μm~50mmからなる電気鋳造ジェットノズルである。
Because the diameter of the throat section is φ1μm to 5mm, the design innovation of the jet nozzle is expected to process parts that are miniaturized with supersonic energy and high power spraying with a small amount of energy. Therefore, there is a possibility that the propulsive force of the ultra-small Mach jet can be obtained, and the supersonic energy is included in the composite type jet nozzle that consists of multiple convergent parts, throat parts, duvergent parts, and passage parts. It is expected that the mixture will be sprayed or a fine compound will be produced. Further, in order to ensure the strength, it is an electroforming jet nozzle composed of 50 μm to 50 mm.
以下、ラバールノズル及び複合型ジェットノズルの電気鋳造方法について詳細に説明する。
Hereinafter, the electroforming method of the Laval nozzle and the composite jet nozzle will be described in detail.
1.ラバールノズルの電気鋳造方法
まず、本発明のラバールノズルの電気鋳造製造方法について説明する。図1はラバールノズルの(a)セパレート方式で2種類以上の芯金の概念図を示し、ラバールノズルは、セパレート方式の2種類以上の芯金を外径加工で、第1の芯金101、第2の芯金102を作製する。このセパレート方式の2種類以上の芯金で表現される形状は煩雑な機械加工や切削工具の届かないラバールノズルの内径形状(通路形状)である。 1. First, a method for producing a Laval nozzle electrocasting according to the present invention will be described. FIG. 1 is a conceptual diagram of (a) two or more types of metal cores of a Laval nozzle, and the Laval nozzle has afirst core metal 101 and a second core metal by processing outer diameters of two or more types of metal cores of a separate system. The core metal 102 is prepared. The shape expressed by two or more types of cores of this separate method is an inner diameter shape (passage shape) of a Laval nozzle that cannot be reached by complicated machining or a cutting tool.
まず、本発明のラバールノズルの電気鋳造製造方法について説明する。図1はラバールノズルの(a)セパレート方式で2種類以上の芯金の概念図を示し、ラバールノズルは、セパレート方式の2種類以上の芯金を外径加工で、第1の芯金101、第2の芯金102を作製する。このセパレート方式の2種類以上の芯金で表現される形状は煩雑な機械加工や切削工具の届かないラバールノズルの内径形状(通路形状)である。 1. First, a method for producing a Laval nozzle electrocasting according to the present invention will be described. FIG. 1 is a conceptual diagram of (a) two or more types of metal cores of a Laval nozzle, and the Laval nozzle has a
上記、芯金は、セパレート方式で2種類以上の芯金を使用するので、第1の連結治具103で連結させ、この連結させた状態で電解液の中で電解をおこなう。電解で得られた電析物を第1の離形治具201の治具で離形を行い、芯金と電析物を分離することで、ラバールノズルを電気鋳造で製造する方法を提供する。
Since the above-described cored bar uses two or more types of cored bars in a separate manner, they are coupled by the first coupling jig 103 and electrolysis is performed in the electrolytic solution in this coupled state. There is provided a method for producing a Laval nozzle by electroforming by separating an electrodeposit obtained by electrolysis with a jig of a first release jig 201 and separating the core metal and the electrodeposit.
本実施の形態では、以下の三段階の工程でラバールノズルを製造する。
第一段階:セパレート方式で2種類以上の芯金連結工程
第二段階:連結させた芯金の電解液の中で電解工程
第三段階:離形をおこない電析物と芯金とを分離する工程
以下、上記各工程について順に説明する。 In the present embodiment, the Laval nozzle is manufactured by the following three steps.
1st stage: Two or more types of cored bar connecting process by separate method 2nd stage: Electrolytic process in the electrolyte solution of the linked cored bar 3rd stage: Separation is performed to separate the deposit and cored bar Process Hereinafter, each process will be described in order.
第一段階:セパレート方式で2種類以上の芯金連結工程
第二段階:連結させた芯金の電解液の中で電解工程
第三段階:離形をおこない電析物と芯金とを分離する工程
以下、上記各工程について順に説明する。 In the present embodiment, the Laval nozzle is manufactured by the following three steps.
1st stage: Two or more types of cored bar connecting process by separate method 2nd stage: Electrolytic process in the electrolyte solution of the linked cored bar 3rd stage: Separation is performed to separate the deposit and cored bar Process Hereinafter, each process will be described in order.
第一段階:セパレート方式で2種類以上の芯金連結工程
本発明における芯金連結工程は、図1(b)に図示する如く、第1の芯金101、第2の芯金102を、第1の連結治具103に装着させ、第1のボルト104、第1のナット105で適宜調整されセッティングをおこない固定する。芯金を正確に連結させれば特に限定されるものではない。 First stage: two or more types of cored bar connecting steps in a separate system The cored bar connecting step in the present invention is performed by connecting the first coredbar 101 and the second cored bar 102 as shown in FIG. The first connecting jig 103 is mounted, and the first bolt 104 and the first nut 105 are appropriately adjusted and set and fixed. There is no particular limitation as long as the cored bar is accurately connected.
本発明における芯金連結工程は、図1(b)に図示する如く、第1の芯金101、第2の芯金102を、第1の連結治具103に装着させ、第1のボルト104、第1のナット105で適宜調整されセッティングをおこない固定する。芯金を正確に連結させれば特に限定されるものではない。 First stage: two or more types of cored bar connecting steps in a separate system The cored bar connecting step in the present invention is performed by connecting the first cored
上記のセパレート芯金連結の最適な方法として、図5(a)に図示の補修前の芯金連結部(拡大)及び、(b)補修後の芯金連結部(拡大)の概念図に示す如く、連結部分の第1の芯金101と第2の芯金102の当接部100に連結不具合部501がある場合には連結部外周に補助連結部502の補修をおこなう。連結部はおもに、ラバールノズルのスロート部に位置するので、滑らかなスロート部を得ることができるからである。また、芯金先端部直径Hは概ねφ0.05~0.15mmである。
As an optimal method of the above-described separate mandrel connection, it is shown in a conceptual diagram of a mandrel connection part (enlargement) before repair and (b) a mandrel connection part (enlargement) after repair shown in FIG. As described above, when the connection failure portion 501 exists in the contact portion 100 between the first core metal 101 and the second core metal 102 of the connection portion, the auxiliary connection portion 502 is repaired on the outer periphery of the connection portion. This is because the connecting portion is mainly located at the throat portion of the Laval nozzle, so that a smooth throat portion can be obtained. Further, the diameter H of the cored bar tip is approximately 0.05 to 0.15 mm.
セパレート方式の芯金を使用するので、連結時の精度不足を補うことと、機械加工で製作するので公差や誤差を考慮した芯金連結部の補修方法である。
Since a separate-type cored bar is used, it is a method of repairing a cored bar connecting part that takes into account tolerances and errors because it compensates for inaccuracy during coupling and is manufactured by machining.
また、上記のセパレート芯金の連結部分の連結補助材としては、例えば、電導性ワックス、電導パテ、鉛、ビスマス等が挙げられる。中でも、連結部の補助材は比較的軟らかく電導性があることが好ましい。補修性に優れる補助連結部を得ることができるからである。好適には、電導性ワックスを使用する。
Further, examples of the connection auxiliary material for the connecting portion of the above-described separate cored bar include conductive wax, conductive putty, lead, bismuth and the like. Especially, it is preferable that the auxiliary material of a connection part is comparatively soft and has electroconductivity. This is because an auxiliary connecting portion having excellent repairability can be obtained. Preferably, conductive wax is used.
また、本発明に用いられる正確な連結精度に関しては、芯金連結面がジャストに連結している状態を100%とし、連結不具合部501に示される芯金連結面の不具合を引いた面積に換算したときの平均連結面積比率が、70~80%以上であることが好ましく、より好ましくは85%~95%の範囲内、さらに好ましくは95%~100%の範囲内である。上記範囲より小さいと、スロート部に欠陥部分が形成され均一なジェット流が得られない場合があるからである。
In addition, regarding the accurate connection accuracy used in the present invention, the state where the core metal connection surface is connected to the just is assumed to be 100%, and converted into an area obtained by subtracting the defect of the core metal connection surface shown in the connection failure portion 501. In this case, the average connected area ratio is preferably 70 to 80% or more, more preferably in the range of 85% to 95%, and still more preferably in the range of 95% to 100%. This is because if it is smaller than the above range, a defective portion may be formed in the throat portion and a uniform jet flow may not be obtained.
第二段階:連結させた芯金の電解液の中で電解工程
本発明における電気鋳造工程は、上記の工程で得られた図1(b)に図示の連結治具及び芯金の連結を電解液の中で電解をおこない電析物を得る工程である。一般的な電気鋳造法で電解をおこなう。 Second stage: electrolysis process in the electrolyte solution of the connected cored bar The electroforming process in the present invention electrolyzes the connection jig and the cored bar shown in FIG. 1B obtained in the above process. This is a step of obtaining an electrodeposit by electrolysis in a liquid. Electrolysis is performed by a general electroforming method.
本発明における電気鋳造工程は、上記の工程で得られた図1(b)に図示の連結治具及び芯金の連結を電解液の中で電解をおこない電析物を得る工程である。一般的な電気鋳造法で電解をおこなう。 Second stage: electrolysis process in the electrolyte solution of the connected cored bar The electroforming process in the present invention electrolyzes the connection jig and the cored bar shown in FIG. 1B obtained in the above process. This is a step of obtaining an electrodeposit by electrolysis in a liquid. Electrolysis is performed by a general electroforming method.
第1のマスキング603に示されるように、電気鋳造部以外を一般的な絶縁マスキング材(絶縁テープやマゴム材やテフロン(登録商標)等)でマスキングをおこなう。
As shown in the first masking 603, masking is performed with a general insulating masking material (insulating tape, rubber material, Teflon (registered trademark), etc.) other than the electroformed part.
前処理工程としては、一般的な電気鋳造法の前処理工程であれば特に限定されるものではなく、電気鋳造部を一般的な脱脂工程で脱脂をおこない、エッチングや酸洗いなどで表面の活性化工程はおこなわないで、脱脂後に電解液に浸漬する。
The pretreatment process is not particularly limited as long as it is a pretreatment process of a general electroforming method, and the electrocasting part is degreased by a general degreasing process, and the surface activity is etched or pickled. It is immersed in an electrolytic solution after degreasing without performing the chemical conversion step.
上記の浸漬後は、速やかに、図6に図示の2種類以上の芯金のテーパー状先端を当接させた状態で、同時に電解液の中で電解をおこなうラバールノズルの概念図を示す如く、電気鋳造部に陰極電解をおこなう。
Immediately after the immersion, as shown in a conceptual diagram of a Laval nozzle that performs electrolysis in an electrolytic solution at the same time with two or more kinds of cored tips shown in FIG. Cathodic electrolysis is performed on the cast part.
本発明に用いられる電解液としては、電気鋳造金属を含有するものであれば特に限定されるものではなく、一般的な電解液を用いることができる。
The electrolytic solution used in the present invention is not particularly limited as long as it contains an electroformed metal, and a general electrolytic solution can be used.
電解液に含まれる金属としては、例えば、ニッケル、銅、亜鉛、すず、鉛、鉄、クロム、金および銀等が挙げられ、またこれらの合金が挙げられる。中でも、電気鋳造金属は比較的硬い金属であることが好ましい。耐磨耗性に優れる電気鋳造を得ることができるからである。このような電気鋳造金属としては、例えば、ニッケル、銅、鉄、クロム等を挙げることができ、特にニッケルが好ましい。
Examples of the metal contained in the electrolytic solution include nickel, copper, zinc, tin, lead, iron, chromium, gold, and silver, and alloys thereof. Among them, the electrocast metal is preferably a relatively hard metal. This is because electrocasting having excellent wear resistance can be obtained. Examples of such electrocast metal include nickel, copper, iron, and chromium, and nickel is particularly preferable.
また、電解液がニッケルである場合は、スルファミン酸浴であってもよくワット浴であってもよい。中でも、スルファミン酸浴、すなわちスルファミン酸ニッケル液が好ましい。スルファミン酸浴は、電着応力が小さいことで、航空・宇宙部品用の主流となっているからである。
Further, when the electrolytic solution is nickel, it may be a sulfamic acid bath or a watt bath. Among these, a sulfamic acid bath, that is, a nickel sulfamate solution is preferable. This is because sulfamic acid baths have become the mainstream for aerospace components due to their low electrodeposition stress.
電気鋳造は、めっき技術の応用であるので一般的なめっき液を利用してもよい。すなわち、電気鋳造は、電気めっきで得る電析物を芯金から分離して電気鋳造としているからである。
Since electrocasting is an application of plating technology, a general plating solution may be used. That is, in electrocasting, the electrodeposit obtained by electroplating is separated from the core metal and electrocasting is performed.
電解液は、光沢剤、ピット防止剤、pH緩衝剤、錯化剤等の添加剤を含有していてもよい。電解液に使用される添加剤の種類としては、電気鋳造金属の種類に応じて適宜選択される。
The electrolytic solution may contain additives such as a brightener, a pit inhibitor, a pH buffer, and a complexing agent. The type of additive used in the electrolyte is appropriately selected according to the type of electroformed metal.
また、電解液を用いた電気鋳造方法としては、特に限定されるものではなく、一般的な電解方法を適用することができる。
Also, the electroforming method using the electrolytic solution is not particularly limited, and a general electrolysis method can be applied.
電解時の電解液のpHとしては、一般的な電解液のpH範囲であれば特に限定されるものではなく、電鋳金属の種類に応じて適宜調整される。例えば電鋳金属がニッケルである場合、ニッケル液のpHは3.0~6.0程度とすることが好ましく、より好ましくは4.0~5.6の範囲内である。ニッケル液のpHが上記範囲であれば、ニッケル液が安定で電気鋳造の品質を良好に維持できるからである。
The pH of the electrolytic solution at the time of electrolysis is not particularly limited as long as it is in the pH range of a general electrolytic solution, and is appropriately adjusted according to the type of electroformed metal. For example, when the electroformed metal is nickel, the pH of the nickel solution is preferably about 3.0 to 6.0, and more preferably in the range of 4.0 to 5.6. This is because if the pH of the nickel solution is in the above range, the nickel solution is stable and the quality of electroforming can be maintained well.
また、電解液の温度としては、一般的な液の温度範囲であれば特に限定されるものではなく、電鋳金属の種類に応じて適宜調整される。例えば電鋳金属がニッケルである場合、電解時の液温度は40℃~65℃の範囲内であることが好ましく、より好ましくは50℃~60℃の範囲内である。温度が上記範囲であれば、ニッケルの析出速度が良好となるからである。
Further, the temperature of the electrolytic solution is not particularly limited as long as it is a general liquid temperature range, and is appropriately adjusted according to the type of electroformed metal. For example, when the electroformed metal is nickel, the liquid temperature during electrolysis is preferably in the range of 40 ° C. to 65 ° C., more preferably in the range of 50 ° C. to 60 ° C. This is because if the temperature is within the above range, the deposition rate of nickel becomes good.
電解時の電流密度としては、電解液を用いて芯金に電解を施すのに適した条件であればよく、電鋳金属の種類に応じて適宜調整される。電鋳金属がニッケルである場合、電解時の電流密度は0.5A/dm2~20A/dm2程度とすることが好ましく、より好ましくは2A/dm2~15A/dm2の範囲内である。電流密度が小さすぎると、電解に時間がかかるからである。逆に、電流密度が大きすぎると、平滑で緻密な電気鋳造を得られない場合があるからである。
The current density at the time of electrolysis may be a condition that is suitable for electrolyzing the metal core using an electrolytic solution, and is appropriately adjusted according to the type of electroformed metal. If the electroformed metal is nickel, the current density during electrolysis is preferably about 0.5A / dm 2 ~ 20A / dm 2, more preferably in the range of 2A / dm 2 ~ 15A / dm 2 . This is because if the current density is too small, electrolysis takes time. Conversely, if the current density is too high, smooth and dense electroforming may not be obtained.
上記電流密度で電圧を印加する時間としては、一般的な範囲であれば特に限定されるものではなく、電鋳金属の種類および目的とする電気鋳造の厚みが50μm~50mmに応じて適宜調整される。
The time for applying the voltage at the current density is not particularly limited as long as it is in a general range, and the type of electroformed metal and the thickness of the target electroforming are appropriately adjusted according to 50 μm to 50 mm. The
図1ラバールノズルの(c)電解後の芯金と電析物の概念図に示す如く、上記、電解液での電解が終了したらマスキングを外し、第1のボルト104、第1のナット105を緩め、第1の連結治具103を外し、第1の電析物106と第1の芯金101、第2の芯金102の状態にする。
As shown in Fig. 1 (c) Conceptual diagram of core bar and electrodeposit after electrolysis of Laval nozzle, masking is removed after the electrolysis with the electrolytic solution is completed, and first bolt 104 and first nut 105 are loosened. The first connecting jig 103 is removed, and the first electrodeposit 106, the first metal core 101, and the second metal core 102 are brought into a state.
第三段階:離形をおこない電析物と芯金とを分離する工程
本発明における分離工程は、上記の電解工程で得られた第1の電析物106と第1の芯金101、第2の芯金102を第1の離形治具201の治具で離形を行う。 Third stage: Step of separating the electrodeposit and the cored bar The separation step in the present invention is the firstelectrodeposited product 106, the first cored bar 101 and the first cored metal obtained in the above electrolysis process. The second metal core 102 is released with the jig of the first release jig 201.
本発明における分離工程は、上記の電解工程で得られた第1の電析物106と第1の芯金101、第2の芯金102を第1の離形治具201の治具で離形を行う。 Third stage: Step of separating the electrodeposit and the cored bar The separation step in the present invention is the first
図1(c)に図示の電解後の芯金と電析物を、図2(a)に図示の電解後の芯金と電析物と離形治具のように、第1の離形治具201を装着させる。第2のボルト206および第2のナット207で第2のフラットバー204と第2の芯金102を固定する。
As shown in FIG. 1 (c), the electrolysis cored bar and the electrodeposit are shown in FIG. 2 (a). The jig 201 is attached. The second flat bar 204 and the second cored bar 102 are fixed by the second bolt 206 and the second nut 207.
図2(b)は、離形後のラバールノズルの概念図を示し、第1の複数の離形用ネジ穴208を利用し、第1の複数の離形用ボルト205をゆっくりと第1のフラットバー203側に回し、第2の芯金102を離形させる。第1のフラットバー203と第2のフラットバー204は常に平行状態でなければならない。第1の芯金101も同様に離形させ、離形後にラバールノズル209を得る。
FIG. 2B shows a conceptual diagram of the Laval nozzle after release, and the first plurality of release bolts 205 are slowly moved to the first flat using the first plurality of release screw holes 208. Turn to the bar 203 side to release the second core metal 102. The first flat bar 203 and the second flat bar 204 must always be in a parallel state. The first metal core 101 is also released in the same manner, and a Laval nozzle 209 is obtained after the release.
第1の離形治具201は、電析物をテーパー芯金とせん断方向に平行な力を加える治具構造である。電析物をチャッキングすることがないことを特徴とし、芯金形状が変わっても離形治具の製作も容易にできるシンプルな構造であれば特に限定されるものではない。
The first release jig 201 has a jig structure in which the electrodeposit is applied with a force parallel to the tapered metal core and the shear direction. There is no particular limitation as long as the electrodeposits are not chucked, and the structure is simple as long as the shape of the metal core changes and the mold can be easily manufactured.
また、上記の離形治具を最適に使用するために、予め第1の研磨端面107を機械加工で研削して第1のフラットバー203の接触面を平面化してから使用すると電析物と芯金の離形が容易にできる。
Further, in order to use the above-mentioned release jig optimally, if the first polished end face 107 is ground by machining in advance and the contact surface of the first flat bar 203 is planarized, The core bar can be easily released.
例えば、上記の最適に使用する方法を用い、第2の芯金102の素材がステンレス鋼でφ6~φ0.1、長さ55mmであり、第1の電析物106の厚みが3mmであり、離形用ボルト205がM8である場合の離形に要するせん断力量をトルクに換算したときの離形用ボルト205の平均トルクは、10~7N・m以下であることが好ましく、より好ましくは5~3N・m以下、さらに好ましくは1.0~0.1 N・m以下の範囲内である。上記範囲より大きいと、芯金と電析物に擦り傷が生じる場合があるからである。また、上記範囲内であれば芯金と電析物にかじり(摺動面の異常摩擦)が発生せず、スムーズに離形出来ることを特徴とするものである。
For example, using the above-described optimally used method, the material of the second core metal 102 is stainless steel, φ6 to φ0.1, the length is 55 mm, and the thickness of the first electrodeposit 106 is 3 mm, The average torque of the release bolt 205 when the amount of shear force required for release when the release bolt 205 is M8 is converted to torque is preferably 10 to 7 N · m or less, more preferably 5 -3 N · m or less, more preferably 1.0 to 0.1 N · m or less. This is because if it is larger than the above range, scratches may occur on the metal core and the electrodeposit. Further, if it is within the above range, the cored bar and the electrodeposit are not galvanized (abnormal friction of the sliding surface), and can be released smoothly.
電析物の機械加工は、一般的な範囲であれば特に限定されるものではなく、機械加工の種類は電析物の目的とする厚み50μm~50mmに応じて適宜調整される。
The machining of the electrodeposit is not particularly limited as long as it is in a general range, and the type of machining is appropriately adjusted according to the target thickness of 50 μm to 50 mm of the electrodeposit.
もし、補助連結部502の補修をおこなっていたら、離形後、連結補助材として例えば、電導性ワックスを使用した場合には、有機溶剤や超音波洗浄等を併用して離形後のラバールノズル209から完全に連結補助材を除去する。連結補助材が残っていると、スロート部に欠陥部分が形成され均一なジェット流が得られない場合があるからである。
If the auxiliary connecting portion 502 is being repaired, after release, when a conductive wax is used as the connection auxiliary material, for example, an organic solvent or ultrasonic cleaning is used in combination with the Laval nozzle 209 after release. Remove the connecting aid completely from the. This is because if the connection auxiliary material remains, a defective portion is formed in the throat portion and a uniform jet flow may not be obtained.
本発明の実施の形態として、上記の三段階の工程でラバールノズルを製造する電気鋳造方法を例示することができる。
As an embodiment of the present invention, an electroforming method for producing a Laval nozzle by the above three-stage process can be exemplified.
なお、本発明は、上記実施形態に限定されるものではない。上記実施形態は、例示であり、本発明の特許請求の範囲に記載された技術的思想と実質的に同一な構成を有し、同様な作用効果を奏するものは、いかなるものであっても本発明の技術的範囲に包含される。
Note that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiment. The above-described embodiment is an exemplification, and the present invention has substantially the same configuration as the technical idea described in the claims of the present invention, and any device that exhibits the same function and effect is the present invention. It is included in the technical scope of the invention.
2.複合型ジェットノズルの電気鋳造方法
次に、本発明の複合型ジェットノズルの電気鋳造製造方法の実施の形態について説明する。図3に図示の複合型ジェットノズルの(a)セパレート方式で3種類以上の芯金の概念図に示すように、複合型ジェットノズルは、セパレート方式の3種類以上の芯金を外径加工で、第3の芯金301、第4の芯金302、第5の芯金303を作製する。このセパレート方式の3種類以上の芯金で表現される形状は煩雑な機械加工や切削工具の届かない複合型ジェットノズルの内径形状(通路形状)である。 2. Next, an embodiment of a method for producing an electroforming composite jet nozzle according to the present invention will be described. As shown in FIG. 3 (a) Conceptual diagram of three or more types of cores in the separate type of the composite jet nozzle shown in FIG. 3, the composite type jet nozzle has three or more types of cores of the separate type by outer diameter processing. Thethird core metal 301, the fourth core metal 302, and the fifth core metal 303 are produced. The shape expressed by three or more types of cores of the separate system is an inner diameter shape (passage shape) of a complex jet nozzle that cannot be reached by complicated machining or cutting tools.
次に、本発明の複合型ジェットノズルの電気鋳造製造方法の実施の形態について説明する。図3に図示の複合型ジェットノズルの(a)セパレート方式で3種類以上の芯金の概念図に示すように、複合型ジェットノズルは、セパレート方式の3種類以上の芯金を外径加工で、第3の芯金301、第4の芯金302、第5の芯金303を作製する。このセパレート方式の3種類以上の芯金で表現される形状は煩雑な機械加工や切削工具の届かない複合型ジェットノズルの内径形状(通路形状)である。 2. Next, an embodiment of a method for producing an electroforming composite jet nozzle according to the present invention will be described. As shown in FIG. 3 (a) Conceptual diagram of three or more types of cores in the separate type of the composite jet nozzle shown in FIG. 3, the composite type jet nozzle has three or more types of cores of the separate type by outer diameter processing. The
上記、芯金は、セパレート方式で3種類以上の芯金を使用するので、第2の連結治具304で連結させ、この連結させた状態で電解液の中で電解をおこなう。電解で得られた電析物を第2の離形治具401の治具で離形を行い、芯金と電析物を分離することで、複合型ジェットノズルを電気鋳造で製造する方法を提供する。
Since the above-described cored bar uses three or more types of cored bar by the separate method, the cored bar is coupled by the second coupling jig 304, and electrolysis is performed in the electrolytic solution in this coupled state. A method of manufacturing a composite jet nozzle by electroforming by separating an electrodeposit obtained by electrolysis with a jig of the second mold releasing jig 401 and separating the core metal and the electrodeposit. provide.
本実施の形態では、三段階の工程で複合型ジェットノズルを製造する。
第一段階:セパレート方式で3種類以上の芯金連結工程
第二段階:連結させた芯金の電解液の中で電解工程
第三段階:離形をおこない電析物と芯金とを分離する工程
以下、上記各工程について順に説明する。 In the present embodiment, a composite jet nozzle is manufactured in a three-stage process.
1st stage: 3 or more types of cored bar connecting process by separate system 2nd stage: Electrolytic process in the electrolyte solution of connected cored bar 3rd stage: Separation is performed to separate the deposit and cored bar Process Hereinafter, each process will be described in order.
第一段階:セパレート方式で3種類以上の芯金連結工程
第二段階:連結させた芯金の電解液の中で電解工程
第三段階:離形をおこない電析物と芯金とを分離する工程
以下、上記各工程について順に説明する。 In the present embodiment, a composite jet nozzle is manufactured in a three-stage process.
1st stage: 3 or more types of cored bar connecting process by separate system 2nd stage: Electrolytic process in the electrolyte solution of connected cored bar 3rd stage: Separation is performed to separate the deposit and cored bar Process Hereinafter, each process will be described in order.
第一段階:セパレート方式で3種類以上の芯金連結工程
本発明における芯金連結工程は、図3(b)に図示の複合型ジェットノズルの連結治具及び芯金の連結の概念図に示すように、第3の芯金301、第4の芯金302、第5の芯金303を、第2の連結治具304に装着させ、第3のボルト305、第3のナット306で適宜調整されセッティングをおこない固定する。芯金を正確に連結させれば特に限定されるものではない。 First stage: three or more kinds of cored bar connecting steps in a separate system The cored bar connecting step in the present invention is shown in the conceptual diagram of the connecting jig and the cored bar connecting of the composite jet nozzle shown in FIG. As described above, thethird metal core 301, the fourth metal core 302, and the fifth metal core 303 are attached to the second connecting jig 304, and are appropriately adjusted by the third bolt 305 and the third nut 306. Then set and fix. There is no particular limitation as long as the cored bar is accurately connected.
本発明における芯金連結工程は、図3(b)に図示の複合型ジェットノズルの連結治具及び芯金の連結の概念図に示すように、第3の芯金301、第4の芯金302、第5の芯金303を、第2の連結治具304に装着させ、第3のボルト305、第3のナット306で適宜調整されセッティングをおこない固定する。芯金を正確に連結させれば特に限定されるものではない。 First stage: three or more kinds of cored bar connecting steps in a separate system The cored bar connecting step in the present invention is shown in the conceptual diagram of the connecting jig and the cored bar connecting of the composite jet nozzle shown in FIG. As described above, the
上記のセパレート芯金連結の最適な方法として、図5(a)に図示の補修前の芯金連結部(拡大)及び、(b)補修後の芯金連結部(拡大)の概念図に示す如く、連結部分の第3の芯金301と第4の芯金302と第5の芯金303の当接部300に連結不具合部501がある場合には連結部外周に補助連結部502の補修をおこなう。連結部はおもに、複合型ジェットノズルのスロート部に位置するので、滑らかなスロート部を得ることができるからである。また、芯金先端部直径Hは概ねφ0.05~0.15mmである。
As an optimal method of the above-described separate mandrel connection, it is shown in a conceptual diagram of a mandrel connection part (enlargement) before repair and (b) a mandrel connection part (enlargement) after repair shown in FIG. Thus, when there is a connection failure portion 501 in the contact portion 300 of the third core metal 301, the fourth core metal 302, and the fifth core metal 303 of the connection portion, the auxiliary connection portion 502 is repaired on the outer periphery of the connection portion. To do. This is because the connecting portion is mainly located in the throat portion of the composite jet nozzle, so that a smooth throat portion can be obtained. Further, the diameter H of the cored bar tip is approximately 0.05 to 0.15 mm.
セパレート方式の芯金を使用するので、連結時の精度不足を補うことと、機械加工で製作するので公差や誤差を考慮した芯金連結部の補修方法である。
¡Since a separate type metal core is used, it is a method of repairing the metal core connecting part that takes into account tolerances and errors because it compensates for inaccuracy during connection and is manufactured by machining.
また、上記のセパレート芯金の連結部分の連結補助材としては、例えば、電導性ワックス、電導パテ、鉛、ビスマス等が挙げられる。中でも、連結部の補助材は比較的軟らかく電導性があることが好ましい。補修性に優れる補助連結部を得ることができるからである。
好適には、電導性ワックスを使用する。 Moreover, as a connection auxiliary material of the connection part of said separate metal core, conductive wax, a conductive putty, lead, bismuth etc. are mentioned, for example. Especially, it is preferable that the auxiliary material of a connection part is comparatively soft and has electroconductivity. This is because an auxiliary connecting portion having excellent repairability can be obtained.
Preferably, conductive wax is used.
好適には、電導性ワックスを使用する。 Moreover, as a connection auxiliary material of the connection part of said separate metal core, conductive wax, a conductive putty, lead, bismuth etc. are mentioned, for example. Especially, it is preferable that the auxiliary material of a connection part is comparatively soft and has electroconductivity. This is because an auxiliary connecting portion having excellent repairability can be obtained.
Preferably, conductive wax is used.
また、本発明に用いられる正確な連結精度に関しては、芯金連結面がジャストに連結している状態を100%とし、連結不具合部501に示される芯金連結面の不具合を引いた面積に換算したときの平均連結面積比率が、70%~80%以上であることが好ましく、より好ましくは85%~95%の範囲内、さらに好ましくは95%~100%の範囲内である。上記範囲より小さいと、スロート部に欠陥部分が形成され均一なジェット流が得られない場合があるからである。
In addition, regarding the accurate connection accuracy used in the present invention, the state where the core metal connection surface is connected to the just is assumed to be 100%, and converted into an area obtained by subtracting the defect of the core metal connection surface shown in the connection failure portion 501. The average connected area ratio is preferably 70% to 80% or more, more preferably in the range of 85% to 95%, and still more preferably in the range of 95% to 100%. This is because if it is smaller than the above range, a defective portion may be formed in the throat portion and a uniform jet flow may not be obtained.
第二段階:連結させた芯金の電解液の中で電解工程
本発明における電気鋳造工程は、上記の工程で得られた図3(b)に図示の連結治具及び芯金の連結を電解液の中で電解をおこない電析物を得る工程である。一般的な電気鋳造法で電解をおこなう。 Second stage: electrolysis process in the electrolyte solution of the connected cored bar The electroforming process in the present invention electrolyzes the connection jig and the cored bar shown in FIG. 3B obtained in the above process. This is a step of obtaining an electrodeposit by electrolysis in a liquid. Electrolysis is performed by a general electroforming method.
本発明における電気鋳造工程は、上記の工程で得られた図3(b)に図示の連結治具及び芯金の連結を電解液の中で電解をおこない電析物を得る工程である。一般的な電気鋳造法で電解をおこなう。 Second stage: electrolysis process in the electrolyte solution of the connected cored bar The electroforming process in the present invention electrolyzes the connection jig and the cored bar shown in FIG. 3B obtained in the above process. This is a step of obtaining an electrodeposit by electrolysis in a liquid. Electrolysis is performed by a general electroforming method.
第2のマスキング703に示されるように、電気鋳造部以外を一般的な絶縁マスキング材(絶縁テープやマゴム材やテフロン(登録商標)等)でマスキングをおこなう。
As shown in the second masking 703, the portions other than the electroformed portion are masked with a general insulating masking material (such as an insulating tape, a rubber material, or Teflon (registered trademark)).
前処理工程としては、一般的な電気鋳造法の前処理工程であれば特に限定されるものではなく、電気鋳造部を一般的な脱脂工程で脱脂をおこない、エッチングや酸洗いなどで表面の活性化工程はおこなわないで、脱脂後に電解液に浸漬する。
The pretreatment process is not particularly limited as long as it is a pretreatment process of a general electroforming method, and the electrocasting part is degreased by a general degreasing process, and the surface activity is etched or pickled. It is immersed in an electrolytic solution after degreasing without performing the chemical conversion step.
上記の浸漬後は、速やかに、図7に図示の3種類以上の芯金のテーパー状先端を当接させた状態で、同時に電解液の中で電解をおこなう複合型ジェットノズルの概念図を示す如く、電気鋳造部に陰極電解をおこなう。
After the above immersion, a conceptual view of a composite jet nozzle that performs electrolysis in an electrolytic solution at the same time with the tapered tips of three or more types of cored bars shown in FIG. Thus, cathodic electrolysis is performed on the electroformed part.
本発明に用いられる電解液としては、電気鋳造金属を含有するものであれば特に限定されるものではなく、一般的な電解液を用いることができる。
The electrolytic solution used in the present invention is not particularly limited as long as it contains an electroformed metal, and a general electrolytic solution can be used.
電解液に含まれる金属としては、例えば、ニッケル、銅、亜鉛、すず、鉛、鉄、クロム、金および銀等が挙げられ、またこれらの合金が挙げられる。中でも、電気鋳造金属は比較的硬い金属であることが好ましい。耐磨耗性に優れる電気鋳造を得ることができるからである。このような電気鋳造金属としては、例えば、ニッケル、銅、鉄、クロム等を挙げることができ、特にニッケルが好ましい。
Examples of the metal contained in the electrolytic solution include nickel, copper, zinc, tin, lead, iron, chromium, gold, and silver, and alloys thereof. Among them, the electrocast metal is preferably a relatively hard metal. This is because electrocasting having excellent wear resistance can be obtained. Examples of such electrocast metal include nickel, copper, iron, and chromium, and nickel is particularly preferable.
また、電解液がニッケルである場合は、スルファミン酸浴であってもよくワット浴であってもよい。中でも、スルファミン酸浴、すなわちスルファミン酸ニッケル液が好ましい。スルファミン酸浴は、電着応力が小さいことで、航空・宇宙部品用の主流となっているからである。
Further, when the electrolytic solution is nickel, it may be a sulfamic acid bath or a watt bath. Among these, a sulfamic acid bath, that is, a nickel sulfamate solution is preferable. This is because sulfamic acid baths have become the mainstream for aerospace components due to their low electrodeposition stress.
電気鋳造は、めっき技術の応用であるので一般的なめっき液を利用してもよい。すなわち、電気鋳造は、電気めっきで得る電析物を芯金から分離して電気鋳造としているからである。
Since electrocasting is an application of plating technology, a general plating solution may be used. That is, in electrocasting, the electrodeposit obtained by electroplating is separated from the core metal and electrocasting is performed.
電解液は、光沢剤、ピット防止剤、pH緩衝剤、錯化剤等の添加剤を含有していてもよい。電解液に使用される添加剤の種類としては、電気鋳造金属の種類に応じて適宜選択される。
The electrolytic solution may contain additives such as a brightener, a pit inhibitor, a pH buffer, and a complexing agent. The type of additive used in the electrolyte is appropriately selected according to the type of electroformed metal.
また、電解液を用いた電気鋳造方法としては、特に限定されるものではなく、一般的な電解方法を適用することができる。
Also, the electroforming method using the electrolytic solution is not particularly limited, and a general electrolysis method can be applied.
電解時の電解液のpHとしては、一般的な電解液のpH範囲であれば特に限定されるものではなく、電鋳金属の種類に応じて適宜調整される。例えば電鋳金属がニッケルである場合、ニッケル液のpHは3.0~6.0程度とすることが好ましく、より好ましくは4.0~5.6の範囲内である。ニッケル液のpHが上記範囲であれば、ニッケル液が安定で電気鋳造の品質を良好に維持できるからである。
The pH of the electrolytic solution at the time of electrolysis is not particularly limited as long as it is in the pH range of a general electrolytic solution, and is appropriately adjusted according to the type of electroformed metal. For example, when the electroformed metal is nickel, the pH of the nickel solution is preferably about 3.0 to 6.0, and more preferably in the range of 4.0 to 5.6. This is because if the pH of the nickel solution is in the above range, the nickel solution is stable and the quality of electroforming can be maintained well.
また、電解液の温度としては、一般的な液の温度範囲であれば特に限定されるものではなく、電鋳金属の種類に応じて適宜調整される。例えば電鋳金属がニッケルである場合、電解時の液温度は40℃~65℃の範囲内であることが好ましく、より好ましくは50℃~60℃の範囲内である。温度が上記範囲であれば、ニッケルの析出速度が良好となるからである。
Further, the temperature of the electrolytic solution is not particularly limited as long as it is a general liquid temperature range, and is appropriately adjusted according to the type of electroformed metal. For example, when the electroformed metal is nickel, the liquid temperature during electrolysis is preferably in the range of 40 ° C. to 65 ° C., more preferably in the range of 50 ° C. to 60 ° C. This is because if the temperature is within the above range, the deposition rate of nickel becomes good.
電解時の電流密度としては、電解液を用いて芯金に電解を施すのに適した条件であればよく、電鋳金属の種類に応じて適宜調整される。電鋳金属がニッケルである場合、電解時の電流密度は0.5A/dm2~20A/dm2程度とすることが好ましく、より好ましくは2A/dm2~15A/dm2の範囲内である。電流密度が小さすぎると、電解に時間がかかるからである。逆に、電流密度が大きすぎると、平滑で緻密な電気鋳造を得られない場合があるからである。
The current density at the time of electrolysis may be a condition that is suitable for electrolyzing the metal core using an electrolytic solution, and is appropriately adjusted according to the type of electroformed metal. If the electroformed metal is nickel, the current density during electrolysis is preferably about 0.5A / dm 2 ~ 20A / dm 2, more preferably in the range of 2A / dm 2 ~ 15A / dm 2 . This is because if the current density is too small, electrolysis takes time. Conversely, if the current density is too high, smooth and dense electroforming may not be obtained.
上記電流密度で電圧を印加する時間としては、一般的な範囲であれば特に限定されるものではなく、電鋳金属の種類および目的とする電気鋳造の厚み50μm~50mmに応じて適宜調整される。
The time for applying the voltage at the current density is not particularly limited as long as it is in a general range, and is appropriately adjusted according to the type of electroformed metal and the target electrocast thickness of 50 μm to 50 mm. .
図3は、複合型ジェットノズルの(c)電解後の芯金と電析物の概念図を示す。図3に図示する如く複合型ジェットノズルの(c)電解後の芯金と電析物とは、上記、電解液での電解が終了したらマスキングを外し、第3のボルト305、第3のナット306を緩め、第2の連結治具304を外し、第2の電析物307と第3の芯金301、第4の芯金302、第5の芯金303の状態にする。
FIG. 3 shows a conceptual diagram of (c) cored bar and electrodeposit after electrolysis of a composite jet nozzle. As shown in FIG. 3, the (c) electrolyzed core metal and electrodeposit of the composite jet nozzle are removed after the electrolysis with the above-described electrolytic solution, and the third bolt 305 and the third nut are removed. 306 is loosened, the second connecting jig 304 is removed, and the second electrodeposit 307, the third metal core 301, the fourth metal core 302, and the fifth metal core 303 are brought into a state.
第三段階:離形をおこない電析物と芯金とを分離する工程
本発明における分離工程は、上記の電解工程で得られた第2の電析物307と第3の芯金301、第4の芯金302、第5の芯金303を第2の離形治具401の治具で離形を行う。 Third stage: Step of separating the electrodeposit and the cored bar The separation step in the present invention is the secondelectrodeposited product 307, the third cored bar 301, the first cored metal 301 obtained in the above electrolysis process. The fourth metal core 302 and the fifth metal core 303 are separated by the jig of the second mold release jig 401.
本発明における分離工程は、上記の電解工程で得られた第2の電析物307と第3の芯金301、第4の芯金302、第5の芯金303を第2の離形治具401の治具で離形を行う。 Third stage: Step of separating the electrodeposit and the cored bar The separation step in the present invention is the second
図3(c)に図示する如く電解後の芯金と電析物を、図4(a)に図示する如く電解後の芯金と電析物と離形治具のように、第2の離形治具401を装着させる。第4のボルト406および第4のナット407で第4のフラットバー404と第4の芯金302を固定する。
As shown in FIG. 3C, the cored bar and the electrodeposit after electrolysis are used, and as shown in FIG. A release jig 401 is attached. The fourth flat bar 404 and the fourth core metal 302 are fixed by the fourth bolt 406 and the fourth nut 407.
図4(b)に図示する如く、離形後の複合型ジェットノズルは、第2の複数の離形用ネジ穴408を利用し、第2の複数の離形用ボルト405をゆっくりと第3のフラットバー403側に回し、第4の芯金302を離形させる。第3のフラットバー403と第4のフラットバー404は常に平行状態でなければならない。第3の芯金301、第5の芯金303も同様に離形させ、離形後に複合型ジェットノズル409を得る。
As shown in FIG. 4B, the composite jet nozzle after release uses the second plurality of release screw holes 408 to slowly apply the second plurality of release bolts 405 to the third. And turn to the flat bar 403 side to release the fourth core metal 302. The third flat bar 403 and the fourth flat bar 404 must always be in a parallel state. The third core bar 301 and the fifth core bar 303 are also released in the same manner, and the composite jet nozzle 409 is obtained after the release.
第2の離形治具401は、電析物をテーパー芯金とせん断方向に平行な力を加える治具構造である。電析物をチャッキングすることがないことを特徴とし、芯金形状が変わっても離形治具の製作も容易にできるシンプルな構造であれば特に限定されるものではない。
The second release jig 401 has a jig structure that applies a force parallel to the taper metal core and the shear direction to the electrodeposit. There is no particular limitation as long as the electrodeposits are not chucked, and the structure is simple as long as the shape of the metal core changes and the mold can be easily manufactured.
また、上記の離形治具を最適に使用するために、予め第2の研磨端面308を機械加工で研削して第3のフラットバー403の接触面を平面化してから使用すると電析物と芯金の離形が容易にできる。
Further, in order to use the above-mentioned release jig optimally, if the second polishing end surface 308 is ground by machining in advance and the contact surface of the third flat bar 403 is planarized, The core bar can be easily released.
例えば、上記の最適に使用する方法を用い、第4の芯金302の素材がステンレス鋼でφ6~φ0.1、長さ55mmであり、第2の電析物307の厚みが3mmであり、離形用ボルト405がM8である場合の離形に要するせん断力量をトルクに換算したときの離形用ボルト405の平均トルクは、10~7N・m以下であることが好ましく、より好ましくは5~3N・m以下、さらに好ましくは1.0~0.1 N・m以下の範囲内である。上記範囲より大きいと、芯金と電析物に擦り傷が生じる場合があるからである。また、上記範囲内であれば芯金と電析物にかじり(摺動面の異常摩擦)が発生せず、スムーズに離形出来ることを特徴とするものである。
For example, using the above optimal method, the material of the fourth core metal 302 is stainless steel, φ6 to φ0.1, the length is 55 mm, the thickness of the second electrodeposit 307 is 3 mm, The average torque of the release bolt 405 when the amount of shear force required for release when the release bolt 405 is M8 is converted to torque is preferably 10 to 7 N · m or less, more preferably 5 -3 N · m or less, more preferably 1.0 to 0.1 N · m or less. This is because if it is larger than the above range, scratches may occur on the metal core and the electrodeposit. Further, if it is within the above range, the cored bar and the electrodeposit are not galvanized (abnormal friction of the sliding surface), and can be released smoothly.
電析物の機械加工は、一般的な範囲であれば特に限定されるものではなく、機械加工の種類は電析物の目的とする厚み50μm~50mmに応じて適宜調整される。
The machining of the electrodeposit is not particularly limited as long as it is in a general range, and the type of machining is appropriately adjusted according to the target thickness of 50 μm to 50 mm of the electrodeposit.
もし、補助連結部502の補修をおこなっていたら、離形後、連結補助材として例えば、電導性ワックスを使用した場合には、有機溶剤や超音波洗浄等を併用して離形後の複合型ジェットノズル409から完全に連結補助材を除去する。連結補助材が残っていると、スロート部に欠陥部分が形成され均一なジェット流が得られない場合があるからである。
If the auxiliary connecting portion 502 is being repaired, after release, if, for example, conductive wax is used as the connection auxiliary material, the composite type after release using an organic solvent or ultrasonic cleaning together. The connecting auxiliary material is completely removed from the jet nozzle 409. This is because if the connection auxiliary material remains, a defective portion is formed in the throat portion and a uniform jet flow may not be obtained.
本発明の実施の形態として、上記の三段階の工程で複合ジェットノズルを製造する電気鋳造方法を例示することができる。
As an embodiment of the present invention, an electroforming method for producing a composite jet nozzle by the above-described three-stage process can be exemplified.
なお、本発明は、上記実施形態に限定されるものではない。上記実施形態は、例示であり、本発明の特許請求の範囲に記載された技術的思想と実質的に同一な構成を有し、同様な作用効果を奏するものは、いかなるものであっても本発明の技術的範囲に包含される。
Note that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiment. The above-described embodiment is an exemplification, and the present invention has substantially the same configuration as the technical idea described in the claims of the present invention, and any device that exhibits the same function and effect is the present invention. It is included in the technical scope of the invention.
100 第1の芯金と第2の芯金の当接部
101 第1の芯金
102 第2の芯金
103 第1の連結治具
104 第1のボルト
105 第1のナット
106 第1の電析物
107 第1の研磨端面
201 第1の離形治具
202 第1の研磨端面と第1の電析物側フラットバーの接触面
203 第1のフラットバー
204 第2のフラットバー
205 第1の複数の離形用ボルト
206 第2のボルト
207 第2のナット
208 第1の複数の離形用ネジ穴
209 離形後のラバールノズル
300 第3の芯金と第4の芯金と第5の芯金の当接部
301 第3の芯金
302 第4の芯金
303 第5の芯金
304 第2の連結治具
305 第3のボルト
306 第3のナット
307 第2の電析物
308 第2の研磨端面
401 第2の離形治具
402 第2の研磨端面と第2の電析物側フラットバーの接触面
403 第3のフラットバー
404 第4のフラットバー
405 第2の複数の離形用ボルト
406 第4のボルト
407 第4のナット
408 第2の複数の離形用ネジ穴
409 離形後の複合型ジェットノズル
500 当接部
501 連結不具合部
502 補助連結部
H 芯金先端部直径
601 第1の陽極
602 第1の陰極
603 第1のマスキング
604 第1の電解液
605 第1の電解槽
701 第2の陽極
702 第2の陰極
703 第2のマスキング
704 第2の電解液
705 第2の電解槽 100 first metal core and second metalcore contact portion 101 first metal core 102 second metal core 103 first connecting jig 104 first bolt 105 first nut 106 first electric power Deposit 107 First polished end face 201 First release jig 202 Contact surface 203 between first polished end face and first electrodeposit side flat bar 203 First flat bar 204 Second flat bar 205 First The plurality of release bolts 206 The second bolt 207 The second nut 208 The first plurality of release screw holes 209 The Laval nozzle 300 after release The third core metal, the fourth core metal, and the fifth Core metal contact portion 301 Third metal core 302 Fourth metal core 303 Fifth metal core 304 Second connecting jig 305 Third bolt 306 Third nut 307 Second electrodeposit 308 Second polishing end surface 401 Second mold release jig 402 Second polishing end surface and second Electrodeposit side flat bar contact surface 403 Third flat bar 404 Fourth flat bar 405 Second plurality of release bolts 406 Fourth bolt 407 Fourth nut 408 Second plurality of release parts Screw hole 409 Composite jet nozzle 500 after mold release Contact portion 501 Connection failure portion 502 Auxiliary connection portion H Core metal tip portion diameter 601 First anode 602 First cathode 603 First masking 604 First electrolyte 605 1st electrolytic cell 701 2nd anode 702 2nd cathode 703 2nd masking 704 2nd electrolytic solution 705 2nd electrolytic cell
101 第1の芯金
102 第2の芯金
103 第1の連結治具
104 第1のボルト
105 第1のナット
106 第1の電析物
107 第1の研磨端面
201 第1の離形治具
202 第1の研磨端面と第1の電析物側フラットバーの接触面
203 第1のフラットバー
204 第2のフラットバー
205 第1の複数の離形用ボルト
206 第2のボルト
207 第2のナット
208 第1の複数の離形用ネジ穴
209 離形後のラバールノズル
300 第3の芯金と第4の芯金と第5の芯金の当接部
301 第3の芯金
302 第4の芯金
303 第5の芯金
304 第2の連結治具
305 第3のボルト
306 第3のナット
307 第2の電析物
308 第2の研磨端面
401 第2の離形治具
402 第2の研磨端面と第2の電析物側フラットバーの接触面
403 第3のフラットバー
404 第4のフラットバー
405 第2の複数の離形用ボルト
406 第4のボルト
407 第4のナット
408 第2の複数の離形用ネジ穴
409 離形後の複合型ジェットノズル
500 当接部
501 連結不具合部
502 補助連結部
H 芯金先端部直径
601 第1の陽極
602 第1の陰極
603 第1のマスキング
604 第1の電解液
605 第1の電解槽
701 第2の陽極
702 第2の陰極
703 第2のマスキング
704 第2の電解液
705 第2の電解槽 100 first metal core and second metal
Claims (4)
- ラバールノズルのコンバージェント部、スロート部、ダバージェント部、通路部を構成するセパレート方式複数芯金のテーパー状先端を当接させ連結した状態で、同時に電解液の中で電解をおこない、前記芯金外周の電析物と、前記芯金を分離させてジェットノズルを製造することを特徴とするラバールノズル電気鋳造方法。 In the state where the tapered tip of the separate type multi-core metal that constitutes the convergent part, throat part, duvergent part, and passage part of the Laval nozzle is in contact and connected, electrolysis is performed in the electrolyte at the same time. A Laval nozzle electroforming method, wherein a jet nozzle is produced by separating the electrodeposit and the cored bar.
- 上記芯金のテーパー状先端当接部の連結不具合連結部外周を補修後、電解液の中で電解をおこない、前記芯金外周の電析物と、前記芯金を分離させてラバールノズルを製造することを特徴とする請求項1記載のラバールノズル電気鋳造方法。 After repairing the connection failure outer periphery of the connecting portion of the tapered tip contact portion of the cored bar, electrolysis is performed in an electrolytic solution, and the deposit on the outer periphery of the cored bar is separated from the cored bar to manufacture a Laval nozzle. 2. A method of electroforming a Laval nozzle according to claim 1, wherein:
- 上記電析物のせん断方向に平行な力を加える離形治具を上記芯金の一端に取付けて、上記電析物を上記芯金から離形させることを特徴とする請求項1又は請求項2に記載のラバールノズル電気鋳造方法。 The release tool for applying a force parallel to the shearing direction of the electrodeposit is attached to one end of the core bar to release the electrodeposit from the core bar. 2. A method for electroforming a Laval nozzle according to item 2.
- 請求項1~請求項3のいずれか一項に記載の電気鋳造方法で形成された電析物の厚みが50μm~50mmからなり、スロート部がφ1μm~5mmからなることを特徴とする電気鋳造ラバールノズル。 The electroformed Laval nozzle characterized in that the deposit formed by the electrocasting method according to any one of claims 1 to 3 has a thickness of 50 µm to 50 mm and a throat portion of φ1 µm to 5 mm. .
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JP2013053044A JP5294101B1 (en) | 2013-03-15 | 2013-03-15 | Laval nozzle electroforming method and electroformed laval nozzle |
JP2013-053044 | 2013-03-15 |
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PCT/JP2014/056157 WO2014142067A1 (en) | 2013-03-15 | 2014-03-10 | Method for electrocasting de laval nozzle and electrocast de laval nozzle |
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WO (1) | WO2014142067A1 (en) |
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JP2006233244A (en) * | 2005-02-22 | 2006-09-07 | Luzcom:Kk | Ultrafine nozzle and method for producing the same |
JP2009245933A (en) * | 2008-02-22 | 2009-10-22 | Microsaic Systems Ltd | Mass spectrometer system |
JP2011080157A (en) * | 2010-12-22 | 2011-04-21 | Luzcom:Kk | Ultrafine nozzle and method for producing the same |
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JP2006233244A (en) * | 2005-02-22 | 2006-09-07 | Luzcom:Kk | Ultrafine nozzle and method for producing the same |
JP2009245933A (en) * | 2008-02-22 | 2009-10-22 | Microsaic Systems Ltd | Mass spectrometer system |
JP2011080157A (en) * | 2010-12-22 | 2011-04-21 | Luzcom:Kk | Ultrafine nozzle and method for producing the same |
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