WO2014132940A1 - α-ハロテトラアシルグルコースの製造方法 - Google Patents
α-ハロテトラアシルグルコースの製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2014132940A1 WO2014132940A1 PCT/JP2014/054416 JP2014054416W WO2014132940A1 WO 2014132940 A1 WO2014132940 A1 WO 2014132940A1 JP 2014054416 W JP2014054416 W JP 2014054416W WO 2014132940 A1 WO2014132940 A1 WO 2014132940A1
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- halide
- bromide
- acid
- glucose
- lower alkyl
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- 0 *C(O[C@](C1)[C@@]11OCCC2(CC2)C1)=O Chemical compound *C(O[C@](C1)[C@@]11OCCC2(CC2)C1)=O 0.000 description 2
- PLONPHXEWYZWJS-KZIPUZRUSA-N Cc1ccc([C@@H](CC2(CC2)C2)OC2(C2)[C@@H]2O)cc1Cc1ccc(-c(cc2)ccc2F)[s]1 Chemical compound Cc1ccc([C@@H](CC2(CC2)C2)OC2(C2)[C@@H]2O)cc1Cc1ccc(-c(cc2)ccc2F)[s]1 PLONPHXEWYZWJS-KZIPUZRUSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07H—SUGARS; DERIVATIVES THEREOF; NUCLEOSIDES; NUCLEOTIDES; NUCLEIC ACIDS
- C07H13/00—Compounds containing saccharide radicals esterified by carbonic acid or derivatives thereof, or by organic acids, e.g. phosphonic acids
- C07H13/02—Compounds containing saccharide radicals esterified by carbonic acid or derivatives thereof, or by organic acids, e.g. phosphonic acids by carboxylic acids
- C07H13/08—Compounds containing saccharide radicals esterified by carbonic acid or derivatives thereof, or by organic acids, e.g. phosphonic acids by carboxylic acids having the esterifying carboxyl radicals directly attached to carbocyclic rings
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
- A61K31/38—Heterocyclic compounds having sulfur as a ring hetero atom
- A61K31/381—Heterocyclic compounds having sulfur as a ring hetero atom having five-membered rings
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P3/00—Drugs for disorders of the metabolism
- A61P3/08—Drugs for disorders of the metabolism for glucose homeostasis
- A61P3/10—Drugs for disorders of the metabolism for glucose homeostasis for hyperglycaemia, e.g. antidiabetics
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D409/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
- C07D409/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms containing two hetero rings
- C07D409/10—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms containing two hetero rings linked by a carbon chain containing aromatic rings
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07H—SUGARS; DERIVATIVES THEREOF; NUCLEOSIDES; NUCLEOTIDES; NUCLEIC ACIDS
- C07H13/00—Compounds containing saccharide radicals esterified by carbonic acid or derivatives thereof, or by organic acids, e.g. phosphonic acids
- C07H13/02—Compounds containing saccharide radicals esterified by carbonic acid or derivatives thereof, or by organic acids, e.g. phosphonic acids by carboxylic acids
- C07H13/04—Compounds containing saccharide radicals esterified by carbonic acid or derivatives thereof, or by organic acids, e.g. phosphonic acids by carboxylic acids having the esterifying carboxyl radicals attached to acyclic carbon atoms
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07H—SUGARS; DERIVATIVES THEREOF; NUCLEOSIDES; NUCLEOTIDES; NUCLEIC ACIDS
- C07H5/00—Compounds containing saccharide radicals in which the hetero bonds to oxygen have been replaced by the same number of hetero bonds to halogen, nitrogen, sulfur, selenium, or tellurium
- C07H5/02—Compounds containing saccharide radicals in which the hetero bonds to oxygen have been replaced by the same number of hetero bonds to halogen, nitrogen, sulfur, selenium, or tellurium to halogen
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07H—SUGARS; DERIVATIVES THEREOF; NUCLEOSIDES; NUCLEOTIDES; NUCLEIC ACIDS
- C07H7/00—Compounds containing non-saccharide radicals linked to saccharide radicals by a carbon-to-carbon bond
- C07H7/04—Carbocyclic radicals
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a novel method for producing ⁇ -halotetraacylglucose which is useful as a pharmaceutical synthesis intermediate or the like.
- ⁇ -Halotetraacylglucose is a compound in which an acyl group is introduced into the hydroxyl group of glucose and a halogen atom is introduced onto the anomeric carbon, and is a useful compound as a pharmaceutical synthesis intermediate.
- 1- ( ⁇ -D-glucopyranosyl) -4-methyl-3- [5- (4-fluorophenyl) -2-thienylmethyl] benzene ie, canagliflozin, used for the treatment or prevention of diabetes and the like
- canagliflozin see Patent Documents 1, 2, and 3, and Non-Patent Document 1.
- Patent Document 2 as a method for producing ⁇ -halotetraacylglucose which is a key intermediate, all hydroxyl groups of D-glucose are acyl protected by reacting D-glucose with an acylating agent in the presence of a base.
- a method is described which comprises a two-step reaction in which a derivative is obtained and the hydroxyl group on the anomeric carbon is substituted with a halogen to obtain the desired product.
- ⁇ -halotetraacyl glucose for example, a method for producing ⁇ -halotetraacetyl sugar by reacting sugar with acetyl chloride or acetyl bromide in the presence of a base has been reported.
- acid halides and bases are used in excess (10 equivalents or more), which is not a sufficiently efficient method for industrial production.
- ⁇ -chlorotetrabenzoyl sugar cannot be obtained by reaction with benzoyl chloride, and that the secondary hydroxyl group cannot be pivaloylated by this method.
- glucose in which the anomeric hydroxyl group of the sugar is protected with methyl and all other hydroxyl groups are protected with acetyl is treated with zinc halide and acetyl halide to produce ⁇ -halotetraacetylglucose.
- a manufacturing method has been reported (see Non-Patent Document 3). However, this method is industrially satisfactory in that an excess of acetyl halide is required and 0.25 equivalent of zinc halide is used even though a sugar in which all hydroxyl groups are protected is used as a raw material compound. It ’s not the right way.
- a benzoyl bromide is reacted with a sugar in which the hydroxyl group at the anomeric position is protected with methyl or paramethoxyphenyl and all other hydroxyl groups are protected with benzyl.
- a manufacturing method has been reported (see Non-Patent Document 4).
- the raw material in this production method is a protected ether of sugar, and it is a multi-step method starting from an unprotected sugar.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a novel method for producing an efficient and excellent ⁇ -halotetraacylglucose suitable for industrial production.
- a desired acyl group and halogen atom can be introduced into the hydroxyl group and anomeric carbon, respectively, in an inexpensive unprotected D-glucose or lower alkyl D-glucoside by a one-step reaction. Therefore, ⁇ -halotetraacylglucose useful as an intermediate for pharmaceuticals and the like can be produced industrially advantageously.
- the reactive derivative of carboxylic acid and metal halide used in the present invention are inexpensive and easily available, and the amount used is a stoichiometric amount or a catalytic amount, which is industrially advantageous.
- lower alkyl includes linear and branched alkyl having 1 to 6 carbon atoms (C 1-6 ). Specific examples include methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, i-propyl, n-butyl, t-butyl and the like. In addition, each of these groups may be substituted with an arbitrary substituent. Examples of lower alkoxy include linear and branched lower alkyl-O— having 1 to 6 carbon atoms (C 1-6 ). Specific examples include methoxy, ethoxy and the like, and these groups may each be substituted with an arbitrary substituent.
- halogen atom examples include a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, a bromine atom, and an iodine atom.
- Aryl includes 6-10 membered aromatic carbocyclic groups. Specific examples include phenyl and naphthyl, with phenyl being preferred. In addition, each of these groups may be substituted with an arbitrary substituent.
- Aryloxy includes 6-10 membered aromatic carbocyclic group —O—. Specific examples include phenoxy and naphthoxy, and phenoxy is preferred. In addition, each of these groups may be substituted with an arbitrary substituent.
- Examples of the reactive derivative of carboxylic acid include acid anhydrides, active esters, and acid halides.
- D-glucose or a lower alkyl D-glucoside and a compound of the general formula (IV) (Wherein R represents an optionally substituted lower alkyl or an optionally substituted aryl)
- a reactive derivative derived from a carboxylic acid represented by (1) The reaction is performed in the presence of a metal halide represented by the formula MX (wherein M represents an alkali metal and X represents a halogen atom), a Lewis acid catalyst, and a phase transfer catalyst; or (2)
- MX represents an alkali metal and X represents a halogen atom
- a Lewis acid catalyst and a phase transfer catalyst
- the general formula (V) (In the formula, R represents an optionally substituted lower alkyl or an optionally substituted aryl, and X represents a halogen atom)
- the reaction is carried out in the presence of a catalytic amount of a Lewis acid metal halide using an acid halide represented by Formula (III) (Wherein the symbols have the same meaning
- a reactive derivative derived from D-glucose or lower alkyl D-glucoside and carboxylic acid (IV) is represented by the formula MX (wherein M represents an alkali metal and X represents a halogen atom).
- MX represents an alkali metal
- X represents a halogen atom.
- Examples thereof include a method for producing ⁇ -halotetraacylglucose (III), which is characterized by reacting in the presence of a metal halide, a Lewis acid catalyst, and a phase transfer catalyst.
- the acyl group R—C ( ⁇ O) — in the reactive derivative derived from the carboxylic acid (IV) is introduced into the hydroxyl group of the sugar, and the halogen atom X of the metal halide MX is converted to the anomeric carbon of the sugar. Since it can be introduced, a combination of the acyl group R—C ( ⁇ O) — and the halogen atom X to be introduced can be arbitrarily selected.
- a reactive derivative derived from carboxylic acid (IV) and D-glucose or lower alkyl D-glucoside and a reactive derivative derived from carboxylic acid (IV) are represented by the general formula ( V) (In the formula, R represents an optionally substituted lower alkyl or an optionally substituted aryl, and X represents a halogen atom)
- a production method of ⁇ -halotetraacylglucose (III) characterized by reacting in the presence of a catalytic amount of a Lewis acid metal halide using an acid halide represented by formula (1).
- the acyl group R—C ( ⁇ O) — of the acid halide (V) is introduced into the sugar hydroxyl group, and the halogen atom X of the acid halide is further introduced into the anomeric carbon of the sugar.
- the metal halide used acts as a Lewis acid and exhibits a sufficient effect in a catalytic amount.
- examples of the lower alkyl in the “optionally substituted lower alkyl” represented by R in the carboxylic acid (IV) include linear and branched lower alkyl having 1 to 6 carbon atoms.
- lower alkyl having 1 to 4 carbon atoms is preferred.
- Specific examples include methyl, ethyl, i-propyl, t-butyl and the like.
- substituent in the “optionally substituted lower alkyl” represented by R include a halogen atom (eg, fluorine atom, chlorine atom, etc.), alkoxy (eg, methoxy etc.), aryloxy (eg, phenoxy etc.), etc.
- halogen atom eg, fluorine atom, chlorine atom, etc.
- alkoxy eg, methoxy etc.
- aryloxy eg, phenoxy etc.
- Examples of the “optionally substituted lower alkyl” represented by R include methyl, chloromethyl, dichloromethyl, trichloromethyl, fluoromethyl, difluoromethyl, trifluoromethyl, methoxymethyl, phenoxymethyl, t-butyl, and the like. And methyl and t-butyl are preferable. In particular, t-butyl is preferable.
- Examples of the aryl in the “optionally substituted aryl” represented by R include phenyl, naphthyl and the like, and phenyl is preferable.
- Examples of the substituent in the “optionally substituted aryl” represented by R include a halogen atom (eg, fluorine atom, chlorine atom, bromine atom), hydroxyl group, lower alkyl group (eg, methyl group), lower alkoxy Examples thereof include the same or different 1 to 3 groups selected from a group, aryl (for example, phenyl and the like) and the like.
- a halogen atom eg, fluorine atom, chlorine atom, bromine atom
- hydroxyl group eg, lower alkyl group (eg, methyl group)
- lower alkoxy examples thereof include the same or different 1 to 3 groups selected from a group, aryl (for example, phenyl and the like) and the like.
- phenyl is preferable.
- Examples of the “optionally substituted lower alkyl or optionally substituted aryl” represented by R include methyl, chloromethyl, dichloromethyl, trichloromethyl, fluoromethyl, difluoromethyl, trifluoromethyl, methoxymethyl, Phenoxymethyl, t-butyl, phenyl and the like are preferable, and methyl, t-butyl and phenyl are particularly preferable. Of these, t-butyl is particularly preferred.
- reaction of D-glucose or lower alkyl D-glucoside with a reactive derivative derived from carboxylic acid (IV) and a metal halide is carried out in a suitable solvent or without solvent as follows. Can be implemented.
- the amount of the reactive derivative derived from carboxylic acid (IV) may be, for example, 1 to 2 equivalents relative to one hydroxyl group of D-glucose or lower alkyl D-glucoside, and D-glucose or lower alkyl D-glucoside.
- the reactive derivative derived from carboxylic acid (IV) with respect to 1 mol is suitably 5.0 to 10.0 mol, preferably 6.5 to 8.0 mol.
- the reaction when the reaction is performed in the presence of the metal halide MX, the Lewis acid catalyst, and the phase transfer catalyst, the acyl group RC ( ⁇ O) — in the reactive derivative derived from the carboxylic acid (IV) is used.
- M in the metal halide MX is preferably lithium, sodium or the like, and X is preferably a chlorine atom, a bromine atom or the like.
- lithium bromide, sodium bromide and the like are preferable, and sodium bromide is particularly preferable.
- the amount of the metal halide MX used is usually 5 to 10 moles, preferably 8 moles per 1 mole of D-glucose or lower alkyl D-glucoside, and the reaction proceeds suitably.
- a metal halide a metal triflate, a silyl triflate, or the like is preferably used, and among them, a metal halide is preferable.
- metal halides include zinc halides (for example, zinc chloride and zinc bromide), cobalt halides (for example, cobalt chloride and cobalt bromide), and bismuth halides (for example, bismuth chloride and bismuth bromide).
- Iron halide eg, iron chloride, iron bromide, etc.
- titanium halide eg, titanium chloride, titanium bromide, etc.
- aluminum halide eg, aluminum chloride, aluminum bromide
- Zinc chloride, zinc bromide, cobalt chloride, cobalt bromide, bismuth chloride, bismuth bromide and the like are preferably used.
- zinc chloride, zinc bromide, cobalt bromide, bismuth bromide and the like are preferable, and zinc bromide, cobalt bromide and bismuth bromide are particularly preferable.
- zinc bromide is preferably used.
- the Lewis acid catalyst can be used in an amount of usually 0.1 to 1 mol, preferably 0.2 mol, per 1 mol of D-glucose or lower alkyl D-glucoside.
- phase transfer catalyst crown ether, quaternary ammonium salt or the like is preferably used, and crown ether is particularly preferable.
- 12-crown-4 and 15-crown-5 are preferable, and a combination of lithium halide and 12-crown-4, a combination of sodium halide and 15-crown-5, and the like are particularly preferable.
- a combination of sodium halide and 15-crown-5 is particularly preferable.
- the amount of the phase transfer catalyst used is usually 0.1 to 1 mol, preferably 0.2 mol per mol of D-glucose or lower alkyl D-glucoside, and the reaction proceeds suitably.
- R in the reactive derivative derived from carboxylic acid (IV) is preferably optionally substituted methyl, t-butyl, optionally substituted phenyl, and the like.
- an acid halide is preferable, and acid chlorides, acid bromides and the like are preferable.
- R in the acid halide derived from carboxylic acid (IV) optionally substituted methyl, t-butyl, optionally substituted phenyl, and the like are preferable, and t-butyl is more preferable.
- the acid halide derived from carboxylic acid (IV) pivaloyl chloride and pivaloyl bromide are preferable. In particular, pivaloyl chloride is preferable.
- the metal halide MX is selected from the group consisting of lithium halide and sodium halide
- the Lewis acid catalyst is a metal halide (preferably zinc halide, cobalt halide, bismuth halide, halogenated).
- the phase transfer catalyst is a crown ether (preferably 12-crown-4 or 15-crown-5).
- the reactive derivative derived from carboxylic acid (IV) is an acid halide, and R in the acid halide may be optionally substituted methyl, t-butyl, or optionally substituted phenyl (preferably t -Butyl) is preferred.
- R in the acid halide derived from carboxylic acid (IV) is preferably t-butyl
- halogen atom X in metal halide MX is preferably a chlorine atom or a bromine atom.
- the reactive derivative derived from carboxylic acid (IV) is an acid halide
- R in the acid halide is t-butyl
- metal halide MX is sodium halide (preferably sodium chloride).
- the phase transfer catalyst is more preferably 15-crown-5.
- the reactive derivative derived from carboxylic acid (IV) is an acid halide
- R in the acid halide is t-butyl
- metal halide MX is lithium halide (preferably lithium chloride).
- the phase transfer catalyst is more preferably 12-crown-4.
- the metal halide MX is lithium bromide or sodium bromide
- the Lewis acid catalyst is selected from the group consisting of metal bromides (preferably zinc bromide, cobalt bromide, and bismuth bromide).
- the phase transfer catalyst is more preferably 12-crown-4 or 15-crown-5.
- the reactive derivative derived from carboxylic acid (IV) is an acid halide, and R in the acid halide is preferably t-butyl.
- R is t-butyl
- the metal halide MX is sodium bromide
- the Lewis acid catalyst is composed of a metal bromide (preferably zinc bromide, cobalt bromide, and bismuth bromide). More preferably, the phase transfer catalyst is 15-crown-5.
- the reactive derivative derived from the carboxylic acid (IV) is pivaloyl chloride
- the metal halide MX is sodium bromide
- the Lewis acid catalyst is zinc bromide
- the phase transfer catalyst is 15 -Crown-5 is preferred.
- acid halide (V) is used as a reactive derivative derived from D-glucose or lower alkyl D-glucoside and carboxylic acid (IV), and the reaction is carried out in the presence of a catalytic amount of Lewis acidic metal halide.
- the acyl group R—C ( ⁇ O) — of the acid halide can be introduced into the hydroxyl group of the sugar, and the halogen atom X of the acid halide can be introduced into the anomeric carbon of the sugar.
- R in the acid halide (V) is preferably an optionally substituted methyl (eg, chloromethyl), t-butyl, an optionally substituted phenyl, and the like, and is preferably methyl, chloromethyl, dichloromethyl, Particularly preferred are trichloromethyl, fluoromethyl, difluoromethyl, trifluoromethyl, methoxymethyl, phenoxymethyl, t-butyl, phenyl and the like. Of these, methyl, t-butyl, phenyl and the like are particularly preferable, and t-butyl is particularly preferable.
- X in the acid halide (V) is preferably a chlorine atom or a bromine atom, and an acid halide in which X is a bromine atom is particularly preferable.
- the acid halide (V) pivaloyl chloride or pivaloyl bromide is preferable, and pivaloyl bromide is particularly preferable.
- R is preferably t-butyl and X is preferably a chlorine atom or a bromine atom.
- Lewis acid metal halides include zinc halides (eg, zinc chloride, zinc bromide, etc.), cobalt halides (eg, cobalt chloride, cobalt bromide, etc.), bismuth halides (eg, bismuth chloride, bismuth bromide). Etc.), iron halides (eg, iron chloride, iron bromide, etc.), titanium halides (eg, titanium chloride, titanium bromide, etc.), aluminum halides (eg, aluminum chloride, aluminum bromide), etc. are used. Zinc halide is preferred.
- zinc chloride, zinc bromide, cobalt chloride, cobalt bromide, bismuth chloride, bismuth bromide and the like are preferably used. Of these, zinc chloride, zinc bromide, cobalt bromide, bismuth bromide and the like are preferable, and zinc bromide, cobalt bromide and bismuth bromide are particularly preferable. Zinc chloride and zinc bromide are preferably used, and zinc bromide is particularly preferred.
- the Lewis acidic metal halide can be used in an amount of usually 0.1-1 mol, preferably 0.2 mol, per 1 mol of D-glucose or lower alkyl D-glucoside.
- the Lewis acidic metal halide is preferably a metal salt having, as a counter ion, the same halogen ion as the halogen atom of the acid halide (V) to be used.
- R in the acid halide (V) is t-butyl and that the catalytic amount of the Lewis acidic metal halide is zinc chloride or zinc bromide.
- the acid halide (V) is pivaloyl bromide and the catalytic amount of the Lewis acidic metal halide is zinc bromide, cobalt bromide, or bismuth bromide.
- the condition that the acid halide (V) is pivaloyl bromide and the catalytic amount of the Lewis acidic metal halide is zinc bromide is more preferable.
- an acid halide comprising an acyl group to be introduced into the hydroxyl group of glucose and a halogen atom to be introduced into the anomeric carbon of glucose is readily available, it can be compared with D-glucose or lower alkyl D-glucoside.
- the acid halide may be reacted in the presence of a catalytic amount of a Lewis acidic metal halide.
- an acyl group introduced into the hydroxyl group of glucose and a halogen atom introduced into the anomeric carbon of glucose can be arbitrarily combined, and in that case, a carboxylic acid having a desired acyl group is contained.
- a carboxylic acid having a desired acyl group is contained.
- the solvent may be any solvent that does not adversely influence the reaction.
- acetonitrile eg, tetrahydrofuran, diethyl ether, dioxane, 1,2-dimethoxyethane
- hydrocarbons eg, toluene, xylene, benzene
- Halogenated hydrocarbons for example, methylene chloride, dichloroethane, chloroform, chlorobenzene
- a mixed solvent thereof can be used as appropriate, and are preferably halogenated hydrocarbons, particularly methylene chloride.
- the reaction temperature can usually be arbitrarily selected from 0 to 110 ° C, preferably room temperature to 40 ° C.
- the reaction time can be appropriately adjusted according to the reaction conditions.
- Carboxylic acid (IV) can be obtained commercially or can be easily prepared by methods well known to those skilled in the art. Reactive derivatives derived from carboxylic acid (IV) can also be produced by conventional methods.
- the ⁇ -halotetraacylglucose (III) thus obtained is isolated as a free salt or a salt thereof and purified.
- the salt can be produced by subjecting it to a commonly used salt formation treatment. Isolation and purification can be carried out by conventional methods well known in organic synthetic chemistry, such as extraction, concentration, crystallization, filtration, recrystallization, and various chromatography.
- the ⁇ -halotetraacylglucose (III) obtained as described above is subjected to a known method to give a compound of formula (I) Canagliflozin, or a pharmacologically acceptable salt thereof.
- known methods include the method described in Patent Document 2 (WO2011 / 047113).
- ⁇ -halotetraacylglucose represented by the general formula (III) prepared as described above and aglycone iodide (VI) were subjected to C-glycosylation reaction, and then obtained.
- the target product (Canagliflozin) represented by the formula (I) can be produced by removing the acyl group of the hydroxyl group of the compound (II).
- the compound represented by formula (VII) is subjected to a halogen-metal exchange reaction using alkyllithium (eg, n-hexyllithium, etc.) Is converted to a compound represented by formula (VIII) by reacting with a zinc salt (for example, zinc bromide) and a transmetalation reaction. And a compound represented by the formula (VIII) thus obtained and ⁇ -halotetraacylglucose (III) are coupled to give a compound represented by the general formula (II) (Wherein the symbols have the same meaning as described above) can be obtained.
- alkyllithium eg, n-hexyllithium, etc.
- a zinc salt for example, zinc bromide
- a transmetalation reaction for example, zinc bromide
- the acyl group R—C ( ⁇ O) — is removed using, for example, a base, and then a pharmacologically acceptable salt (for example, hydrate or Hemihydrate), formula (I) Canagliflozin, or a pharmacologically acceptable salt thereof, can be obtained.
- a pharmacologically acceptable salt for example, hydrate or Hemihydrate
- canagliflozin can also be produced by the method described in Patent Document 3 (WO2012 / 140120). That is, in a mixture of an alkyl lithium (eg, n-butyl lithium) and a zinc salt (eg, zinc bromide) in a hydrocarbon solvent (eg, toluene), the compound of formula (VI) A compound of formula (VII) And then an ether solvent (for example, dibutyl ether) is added to form a compound of formula (VIII) And a compound represented by the formula (VIII) thus obtained and ⁇ -halotetraacylglucose (III) are coupled to give a compound represented by the general formula (II) (Wherein the symbols have the same meaning as above) Can be obtained.
- an alkyl lithium eg, n-butyl lithium
- a zinc salt eg, zinc bromide
- a hydrocarbon solvent eg, toluene
- an ether solvent for example, dibutyl ether
- the acyl group R—C ( ⁇ O) — is removed from the compound represented by the formula (II) using, for example, a base, and, if desired, a pharmacologically acceptable salt thereof (for example, hydrate or hemihydrate).
- a pharmacologically acceptable salt thereof for example, hydrate or hemihydrate.
- Canagliflozin, or a pharmacologically acceptable salt thereof can be produced.
- Canagliflozin can be produced according to the method described in Non-Patent Document 1 (Organic Letters, 2012, Vol. 14, No. 6, p. 1480-1483). That is, the compound (VI) is subjected to a halogen-metal exchange reaction using, for example, n-butyllithium, and converted to the compound (VII), and then, for example, zinc bromide / lithium bromide is allowed to act on the transmetalation reaction.
- compound (VIII) can be obtained, and compound (II) can be obtained by coupling the obtained compound (VIII) and ⁇ -halotetraacylglucose (III).
- the acyl group R—C ( ⁇ O) — is removed using, for example, a base, and the pharmacologically acceptable salt thereof is optionally obtained, whereby Canagliflozin (I), or its A pharmacologically acceptable salt can be obtained.
- dapagliflozin can be produced according to the method described in Non-Patent Document 1 (Organic Letters, 2012, Vol. 14, No. 6, p.1480-1483). That is, the following compound was reacted with, for example, lithium di-n-butyl-n-hexylmagnesate, treated with zinc bromide / lithium bromide, and then coupled with ⁇ -halotetraacylglucose (III) to obtain Dapagliflozin can be obtained by removing the acyl group R—C ( ⁇ O) — from the compound with a base.
- the target ⁇ - Halotetraacylglucose (III) can be preferably produced.
- a lower alkyl D-glucoside for example, methyl ⁇ -D-glucoside or ethyl ⁇ -D-glucoside
- an acid halide for example, pivaloyl bromide
- a zinc halide for example, zinc bromide
- Me represents a methyl group
- Et represents an ethyl group
- Ph represents a phenyl group
- Ac represents an acetyl group
- t-Bu represents a tertiary butyl group.
- the compounds of formula (I) include pharmacologically acceptable inner salts, hydrates (including 1 ⁇ 2 hydrates), solvates and crystal polymorphs.
- Pharmacologically acceptable salts include, for example, salts with alkali metals such as lithium, sodium or potassium; salts with alkaline earth metals such as calcium or magnesium; salts with zinc or aluminum; organic bases such as ammonium, Salt with choline, diethanolamine, lysine, ethylenediamine, t-butylamine, t-octylamine, tris (hydroxymethyl) aminomethane, N-methylglucosamine, triethanolamine and dehydroabiethylamine; hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid, iodide Salts with inorganic acids such as hydrogen acid, sulfuric acid, nitric acid, phosphoric acid; or formic acid, acetic acid, propionic acid, oxalic acid, malonic acid, succinic acid, fumaric acid, maleic acid,
- D-glucose includes both ⁇ -D-glucose and ⁇ -D-glucose
- lower alkyl D-glucoside includes lower alkyl ⁇ -D-glucoside.
- lower alkyl ⁇ -D-glucoside includes lower alkyl ⁇ -D-glucoside.
- Zinc chloride (164.7 mg, 1.21 mmol) was added to a mixture of benzoyl chloride (7.84 g, 55.77 mmol), D-glucose (1.00 g, 5.55 mmol) and dichloromethane (10 mL). Stir for hours. After raising the temperature to room temperature, the mixture was further stirred for 26 hours. The temperature was raised to 40 ° C. and the mixture was stirred for 2 hours, and then the reaction mixture was washed with water under ice cooling. The obtained organic layer was washed twice with 10% aqueous sodium hydrogen carbonate solution and dried using magnesium sulfate.
- HPLC measurement condition column Cadenza CD-C18 (25 cm ⁇ 4.6 mm, 3 ⁇ m)
- Moving bed moving bed A: purified water
- moving bed B acetonitrile column temperature: 40 ° C.
- Detection wavelength 210 nm
- Preparation of sample solution A sample (about 280 mg) was weighed into a volumetric flask, diluted with 90% acetonitrile solution, and the retention time of the title compound was 27 minutes. The yield was calculated by the following formula.
- Yield (%) [area of ⁇ -halotetraacyl body] / A / B ⁇ C / [molecular weight of ⁇ -halotetraacyl body] / [substance amount of D-glucose used] ⁇ 100
- A Ratio of HPLC area to solution concentration in ⁇ -halotetraacyl standard solution (area / (g / L))
- C Total amount of reaction solution (g) The calculated yield was 67%.
- ⁇ -halotetraacylglucose useful as a pharmaceutical synthesis intermediate or the like can be produced industrially and efficiently.
- canagliflozin or a salt thereof useful as a pharmaceutical or the like can be produced efficiently and industrially advantageously.
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Abstract
Description
低級アルコキシとしては、炭素数1~6(C1-6)の直鎖状、及び分岐鎖状の低級アルキル-O-が挙げられる。具体的には、メトキシ、エトキシ等が挙げられ、これらの基はそれぞれ任意の置換基によって置換されていてもよい。
で示されるカルボン酸から導かれる反応性誘導体を、
(1)式MX(式中、Mはアルカリ金属、Xはハロゲン原子を表す)で示される金属ハロゲン化物、ルイス酸触媒、及び相間移動触媒の存在下に反応させるか;又は
(2)式(IV)で示されるカルボン酸から導かれる反応性誘導体として、一般式(V)
で示される酸ハライドを用い、触媒量の、ルイス酸性金属ハロゲン化物の存在下に反応させてなる、
一般式(III)
で示されるα-ハロテトラアシルグルコースの製法、が挙げられる。
で示される酸ハライドを用い、触媒量の、ルイス酸性金属ハロゲン化物の存在下に反応させることを特徴とするα-ハロテトラアシルグルコース(III)の製法が挙げられる。この態様によれば、酸ハライド(V)のアシル基R-C(=O)-が糖の水酸基に導入され、さらに酸ハライドのハロゲン原子Xが糖のアノマー炭素に導入される。この時、用いる金属ハロゲン化物はルイス酸として働き、触媒量で十分な効果を発揮する。
また、本反応においては、カルボン酸(IV)から導かれる酸ハライドにおけるRがt-ブチルであり、金属ハロゲン化物MXにおけるハロゲン原子Xが塩素原子、又は臭素原子であることが好ましい。
すなわち、炭化水素系溶媒(例えば、トルエンなど)中、アルキルリチウム(例えばn-ブチルリチウムなど)と亜鉛塩(例えば、臭化亜鉛など)の混合物中で式(VI)
で示される化合物を得ることができる。式(II)で示される化合物から、例えば塩基を用いてアシル基R-C(=O)-を除去し、さらに所望によりその薬理的に許容しうる塩(例えば、水和物や半水和物)にすることで式(I)
HPLC測定条件
カラム:Cadenza CD-C18(25cm×4.6mm,3μm)
移動層:移動層A:精製水,移動層B:アセトニトリル
カラム温度:40℃
流量:1,0ml/min
検出波長:210nm
試料溶液の調製:メスフラスコにサンプル(約280mg)を測り取り、90%アセトニトリル溶液で希釈
表題化合物の保持時間は27分であった。収率は、次式により算出した。
収率(%)=[α-ハロテトラアシル体の面積]/A/B×C/[α-ハロテトラアシル体の分子量]/[使用したD-グルコースの物質量]×100
A:α-ハロテトラアシル体標準液におけるHPLC面積の溶液濃度に対する割合(area/(g/L))
B:試料溶液濃度(g/L)
C:反応溶液の全量(g)
算出された収率は、67%であった。
(2R,3R,4S,5R,6R)-2-ブロモ-6-(ピバロイルオキシメチル)テトラヒドロ-2H-ピラン-3,4,5-トリイル トリス(2,2-ジメチルプロパノエート)の製造
塩化ピバロイル(5.21g,43.21mmol)、臭化トリメチルシラン(6.9g,45.07mmol)およびジクロロメタン(10mL)の混合物を2時間攪拌した後、臭化ビスマス(III)(519.6mg,1.16mmol)およびD-グルコース(1g,5.55mmol)を加え、さらに攪拌した。反応開始から17.5時間後、反応の終了を確認した。氷冷下、反応混合物を水で洗浄し、有機層をサンプリングした.実施例5と同様にHPLC分析を行い、目的物の同定および定量を行った。算出された収率は68%であった。
(2R,3R,4S,5R,6R)-2-ブロモ-6-(ピバロイルオキシメチル)テトラヒドロ-2H-ピラン-3,4,5-トリイル トリス(2,2-ジメチルプロパノエート)の製造
塩化ピバロイル(5.45g,45.19mmol)、臭化トリメチルシラン(6.9g,45.07mmol)およびジクロロメタン(10mL)の混合物を2時間攪拌した後、臭化コバルト(II)(250.4mg,1.14mmol)およびD-グルコース(1g,5.55mmol)を加え、さらに攪拌した。反応開始から40時間後、反応の終了を確認した。氷冷下、反応混合物を水、次いで10%炭酸水素ナトリウム水溶液で洗浄し、有機層をサンプリングした。実施例5と同様にHPLC分析を行い、目的物の同定および定量を行った。算出された収率は49%であった。
(2R,3R,4S,5R,6R)-2-ブロモ-6-(ピバロイルオキシメチル)テトラヒドロ-2H-ピラン-3,4,5-トリイル トリス(2,2-ジメチルプロパノエート)の製造
ピヴァル酸(4.53g,44.36mmol)、N-メチルピロリドン(53.5μL,0.55mmol)およびジクロロメタン(10mL)の混合物に、0℃にて攪拌下、臭化チオニル(9.39g,45.17mmol)を30分かけて滴下した。室温にて2時間攪拌した後、臭化亜鉛(252.1mg,1.12mmol)およびD-グルコース(1g,5.55mmol)を加え、さらに攪拌した。反応開始から22.5時間後、反応の終了を確認した。反応混合物を水、次いで10%炭酸水素ナトリウム水溶液で洗浄し、得られた有機層をサンプリングした。実施例5と同様にHPLC分析を行い、目的物の同定および定量を行った。算出された収率は49%であった。
(2R,3R,4S,5R,6R)-2-ブロモ-6-(ピバロイルオキシメチル)テトラヒドロ-2H-ピラン-3,4,5-トリイル トリス(2,2-ジメチルプロパノエート)の製造
塩化ピバロイル(4.39g,36.1mmol)、臭化ナトリウム(5.00g,45.78mmol)、15-クラウン-5(132.3mg,0.56mmol)およびジクロロメタン(10mL)の混合物を40℃で3.5時間攪拌した後、臭化亜鉛(II)(265.3mg,1.14mmol)およびD-グルコース(1g,5.55mmol)を加え、40℃でさらに攪拌した。反応開始から20時間後、室温下、反応混合物を水、次いで10%炭酸水素ナトリウム水溶液で洗浄し、有機層をサンプリングした.実施例5と同様にHPLC分析を行い、目的物の同定および定量を行った。算出された収率は72%であった。
(2R,3R,4S,5R,6R)-2-ブロモ-6-(ピバロイルオキシメチル)テトラヒドロ-2H-ピラン-3,4,5-トリイル トリス(2,2-ジメチルプロパノエート)の製造
臭化リチウム(34.89g、401.69mmol)、塩化ピバロイル(40.36g、334.74mmol)、およびジクロロメタン(120mL)の混合物を窒素気流化で5時間攪拌した。反応混合物をろ過し、ジクロロメタン(80mL)で洗浄し、臭化ピバロイルのジクロロメタン溶液を得た。
臭化亜鉛(2.32g,10.3mmol)とメチルα-D-グルコシド(10.0g,51.5mmol)に上記で得た臭化ピバロイルのジクロロメタン溶液(全量)を加え、40℃で5時間攪拌した。室温に戻した後、水と10%炭酸ナトリウム水溶液で洗浄し、濃縮した。濃縮残渣をアセトン-水より再結晶し、表題化合物を無色結晶として得た(24.8g,収率83%)。
(2R,3R,4S,5R,6R)-2-ブロモ-6-(ピバロイルオキシメチル)テトラヒドロ-2H-ピラン-3,4,5-トリイル トリス(2,2-ジメチルプロパノエート)の製造
塩化ピバロイル(8.27g,68.6mmol)、臭化ナトリウム(8.71g,84.7mmol)、15-クラウン-5(0.227g,1.03mmol)およびジクロロメタン(40mL)の混合物を40℃で1時間攪拌した後、臭化亜鉛(II)(0.47g,2.09mmol)およびメチルα-D-グルコシド(2g,10.3mmol)を加え、40℃でさらに攪拌した。反応開始から23時間後、室温下、反応混合物を水、および10%炭酸ナトリウム水溶液で洗浄し、有機層をサンプリングした.実施例5と同様にHPLC分析を行い、目的物の同定および定量を行った。算出された収率は65%であった。
(2R,3R,4S,5R,6R)-2-ブロモ-6-(ピバロイルオキシメチル)テトラヒドロ-2H-ピラン-3,4,5-トリイル トリス(2,2-ジメチルプロパノエート)の製造
臭化ナトリウム(4.11g,39.9mmol)、15-クラウン-5(95μL,0.48mmol)およびジクロロメタン(20mL)の混合物を40℃で2.5時間攪拌した後、塩化ピバロイル(3.80g,31.5mmol)、臭化亜鉛(II)(236.6mg,1.05mmol)およびエチルα-D-グルコシド(1.01g,4.85mmol)を加え、40℃でさらに攪拌した。反応開始から40.5時間後、室温下、反応混合物を水、次いで10%炭酸ナトリウム水溶液で洗浄し、有機層をサンプリングした.実施例5と同様にHPLC分析を行い、目的物の同定および定量を行った。算出された収率は58%であった。
Claims (18)
- D-グルコースもしくは低級アルキルD-グルコシドと、一般式(IV)
(1)式MX(式中、Mはアルカリ金属、Xはハロゲン原子を表す)で示される金属ハロゲン化物、ルイス酸触媒、及び相間移動触媒の存在下に反応させるか;又は
(2)式(IV)で示されるカルボン酸から導かれる反応性誘導体として、一般式(V)
一般式(III)
- D-グルコースもしくは低級アルキルD-グルコシドと、カルボン酸(IV)から導かれる反応性誘導体を、式MX(式中、Mはアルカリ金属、Xはハロゲン原子を表す)で示される金属ハロゲン化物、ルイス酸触媒、及び相間移動触媒の存在下に反応させることを特徴とする請求項1記載の製法。
- カルボン酸(IV)から導かれる反応性誘導体が酸ハライドであり、該酸ハライドにおけるRが置換されていてもよいメチル、t-ブチル、又は置換されていてもよいフェニルである請求項2記載の製法。
- 金属ハロゲン化物MXが、ハロゲン化リチウム、及びハロゲン化ナトリウムからなる群より選択され、ルイス酸触媒がハロゲン化亜鉛、ハロゲン化コバルト、ハロゲン化ビスマス、ハロゲン化鉄、ハロゲン化チタン、及びハロゲン化アルミニウムからなる群より選択され、及び、相間移動触媒がクラウンエーテルである請求項2又は3記載の製法。
- カルボン酸(IV)から導かれる酸ハライドにおけるRがt-ブチルであり、金属ハロゲン化物MXにおけるハロゲン原子Xが塩素原子、又は臭素原子である、請求項3または4に記載の製法。
- 金属ハロゲン化物MXが臭化リチウム、又は臭化ナトリウムであり、ルイス酸触媒が臭化亜鉛、臭化コバルト、及び臭化ビスマスからなる群より選択され、及び、相間移動触媒が12-クラウン-4、又は15-クラウン-5である、請求項2~5のいずれか1項に記載の製法。
- D-グルコースもしくは低級アルキルD-グルコシドと塩化ピバロイルを、臭化ナトリウム、臭化亜鉛及び15-クラウン-5の存在下に反応させることを特徴とする請求項1記載の製法。
- Rが、t-ブチルであり、Xが塩素原子、又は臭素原子である請求項8記載の製法。
- ルイス酸性金属ハロゲン化物が、ハロゲン化亜鉛、ハロゲン化コバルト、ハロゲン化ビスマス、ハロゲン化鉄、ハロゲン化チタン、及びハロゲン化アルミニウムからなる群より選択される金属ハロゲン化物である、請求項8又は9記載の製法。
- ルイス酸性金属ハロゲン化物が、ハロゲン化亜鉛である、請求項8~10のいずれか1項記載の製法。
- D-グルコースもしくは低級アルキルD-グルコシドと臭化ピバロイルを、触媒量の、臭化亜鉛、臭化コバルト、及び臭化ビスマスからなる群より選択される金属ハロゲン化物の存在下に反応させることを特徴とする請求項10記載の製法。
- D-グルコースもしくは低級アルキルD-グルコシドと、臭化ピバロイルを、触媒量の臭化亜鉛の存在下反応させることを特徴とする請求項12記載の製法。
- D-グルコースもしくは低級アルキルD-グルコシドと、カルボン酸(IV)から導かれる反応性誘導体を、金属ハロゲン化物MX(式中、記号は請求項1の記載と同一意味を有する)、ルイス酸触媒、及び相間移動触媒の存在下に反応させてα-ハロテトラアシルグルコース(III)を製し、次いで公知の方法に付すことを特徴とする、請求項14記載の製法。
- D-グルコースもしくは低級アルキルD-グルコシドと酸ハライド(V)を、触媒量の、ルイス酸性金属ハロゲン化物の存在下に反応させてα-ハロテトラアシルグルコース(III)を製し、次いで公知の方法に付すことを特徴とする請求項14記載の製法。
- 低級アルキルD-グルコシドを使用することを特徴とする、請求項1~16のいずれか1項に記載の製法。
- D-グルコースを使用することを特徴とする、請求項1~16のいずれか1項に記載の製法。
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US14/770,415 US20160002276A1 (en) | 2013-02-26 | 2014-02-25 | METHOD FOR PRODUCING a-HALO-TETRAACYL-GLUCOSE |
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EP2963048A4 (en) | 2017-03-01 |
CN105008379A (zh) | 2015-10-28 |
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EP2963048B1 (en) | 2020-11-18 |
JP6173427B2 (ja) | 2017-08-02 |
CN105008379B (zh) | 2018-06-29 |
US20190048034A1 (en) | 2019-02-14 |
JPWO2014132940A1 (ja) | 2017-02-02 |
US20160002276A1 (en) | 2016-01-07 |
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