WO2014132620A1 - Method and device for detecting fibrous materials such as hair - Google Patents

Method and device for detecting fibrous materials such as hair Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2014132620A1
WO2014132620A1 PCT/JP2014/000967 JP2014000967W WO2014132620A1 WO 2014132620 A1 WO2014132620 A1 WO 2014132620A1 JP 2014000967 W JP2014000967 W JP 2014000967W WO 2014132620 A1 WO2014132620 A1 WO 2014132620A1
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band
hair
detecting
frequency
fibrous substance
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PCT/JP2014/000967
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French (fr)
Japanese (ja)
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宣久 廣本
山本　健
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味の素株式会社
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Priority to JP2015502768A priority Critical patent/JPWO2014132620A1/en
Publication of WO2014132620A1 publication Critical patent/WO2014132620A1/en

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
    • G01N21/84—Systems specially adapted for particular applications
    • G01N21/88—Investigating the presence of flaws or contamination
    • G01N21/94—Investigating contamination, e.g. dust
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
    • G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
    • G01N21/25—Colour; Spectral properties, i.e. comparison of effect of material on the light at two or more different wavelengths or wavelength bands
    • G01N21/31—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry
    • G01N21/35—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry using infrared light
    • G01N21/3581—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry using infrared light using far infrared light; using Terahertz radiation
    • G01N21/3586—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry using infrared light using far infrared light; using Terahertz radiation by Terahertz time domain spectroscopy [THz-TDS]
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
    • G01N21/84—Systems specially adapted for particular applications
    • G01N21/88—Investigating the presence of flaws or contamination
    • G01N21/8806—Specially adapted optical and illumination features

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method and apparatus for detecting fibrous substances such as hair.
  • the conventional method for detecting hair is to apply light such as visible light or near-infrared light to the hair or a substance mixed with hair, and from its transmission (shadow), (Image processing) ”is a method for detecting hair.
  • An object of the present invention is to provide a detection method and apparatus capable of reliably detecting foreign matters such as hair contained in products such as foods and pharmaceuticals.
  • the present invention can detect a fibrous substance such as hair by irradiating terahertz light having different polarization directions in the 0.2 to 3 TH Z band using terahertz time domain spectroscopy (TH Z -TDS). Based on this finding, the features are the following two points. Here, an electromagnetic wave having an electric field in one fixed direction is said to be polarized.
  • a spectral band specific to hair is specified in the 0.2 to 3 TH Z band, and terahertz light is absorbed, reflected, and scattered by the frequency component to detect fibrous substances such as hair.
  • the fibrous substance such as hair to be detected and the nature of the material of the medium in which it is mixed, it is optimal not only from the 0.2 to 3 TH Z band but also from ultra-high frequency electromagnetic waves ranging from millimeter waves, terahertz waves, and infrared rays. By selecting an appropriate frequency band, it can be widely applied.
  • the size that can be spatially resolved around the measurement point is influenced by the diffraction limit due to the Huygens Fresnel principle.
  • the diffraction-limited spatial resolution is about the size of a wavelength. Therefore, the size is inversely proportional to the frequency, and is large at a low frequency and small at a high frequency.
  • the reflected light or transmitted light from the object irradiated with the super-high frequency electromagnetic wave is such that the hair or the like in all the frequency bands of the super-high frequency electromagnetic wave when the fibrous foreign matter such as hair exists near the center of the measurement point.
  • the influence of absorption or the like by a foreign substance can be detected, as it deviates from the vicinity of the center of the measurement point, it becomes weaker from the high frequency side of the superhigh frequency electromagnetic wave and is not detected.
  • the above phenomenon lowers the detection accuracy of foreign matter such as hair in the conventional idea, but the present invention uses this effect to increase the accuracy of detection of foreign matter such as hair or to detect foreign matter such as hair.
  • the present invention relates to a method and an apparatus for improving the accuracy of the position of the apparatus.
  • the present invention [1] A method for detecting fibrous substances such as hair, characterized by using ultra-high frequency electromagnetic waves; [2] Included in specimen containing fibrous substance in frequency band of at least 0.6 to 0.9 TH Z band, 1.2 to 1.6 TH Z band, or 1.7 to 2.4 TH Z band A method for detecting a fibrous substance, characterized by measuring terahertz waves having a frequency to be emitted and measuring the emitted light in the frequency band emitted from the specimen; [3] The method for detecting a fibrous substance according to [2], wherein the frequency band of the terahertz wave is 0.6 to 0.9 TH Z band; [4] The method for detecting a fibrous substance according to [2], wherein the frequency band of the terahertz wave is 1.2 to 1.6 TH Z band; [5] The method for detecting a fibrous substance according to [2], wherein the frequency band of the terahertz wave is 1.7 to 2.4 TH Z band; [
  • [8] Fiber material detection method of [8] which is at least 6% in the band and [10] Fiber of [8] or [9] which detects transmitted light or reflected light while changing the polarization direction of the terahertz wave to be irradiated A method for detecting a substance, [11] The method for detecting a fibrous substance according to [8] to [10], wherein transmitted light or reflected light is detected while moving a measurement point of the terahertz wave to be irradiated; [12] The method for detecting a fibrous substance according to [2] to [11], wherein the fibrous substance is hair; [13] A terahertz transmitter that transmits a frequency of at least 0.6 to 0.9 TH Z band, 1.2 to 1.6 TH Z band, or 1.7 to 2.4 TH Z band, and irradiates the specimen from the terahertz transmitter And a fiber comprising a receiver that receives terahertz waves having a frequency of at least 0.6 to 0.9
  • a device for detecting a substance [14] A method for identifying the position of the fibrous material from the difference in absorption intensity between the center point within the beam diameter of the terahertz wave and the vicinity of the center point (difference in transmittance or reflectance in [8]); [15] The method according to [14], wherein a frequency band for measuring the difference in absorption intensity is a 1.5 THz to 2.0 THz band; [16] The method according to [14] or [15], which specifies that a fibrous substance is present at the position of the measurement point when the difference in absorption intensity is greatest in the 1.5 THz to 2.0 THz band. , [17] The method according to [14] to [16], wherein the fibrous substance is hair.
  • the method of the present invention is different from the conventional method of detecting and detecting the shape of hair or the like, and utilizes the fact that hair absorbs electromagnetic waves of a specific frequency.
  • the present invention does not depend on the direction of the hair. As long as a fibrous substance such as hair is present there, it can be detected by detecting the frequency component. In the present invention, it has been confirmed that even a single hair is possible.
  • fibrous foreign matters such as hair contained in the product can be reliably detected.
  • the method of the present invention is a method of detecting a fibrous material such as the hair using a very high frequency electromagnetic waves, ultra high frequency electromagnetic waves be from infrared to microwave in the range of 0.03 ⁇ 30TH Z in the frequency It is.
  • Preferred electromagnetic wave is a terahertz wave, particularly preferably terahertz wave 0.2 ⁇ 3TH Z.
  • This electromagnetic wave may be an electromagnetic wave having a broadband frequency component, or a natural frequency exhibiting a resonance frequency band in hair, etc. for absorption, reflection, scattering, etc., for example, 0.6 to 0.9 TH Z band. Only specific frequencies in the 2 to 1.6 TH Z band and the 1.7 to 2.4 TH Z band may be used.
  • the wide band only needs to include at least one of the resonance frequency bands, and the range is not particularly limited.
  • ultra-high frequency electromagnetic waves means irradiating a specimen containing a fibrous substance such as hair, or measuring transmitted light or reflected light (including scattered light) from the specimen. Irradiating or measuring electromagnetic waves polarized in two or more directions.
  • the sample is irradiated with ultrahigh-frequency electromagnetic waves, and the hair contained in the light emitted therefrom, that is, transmitted light or reflected light (including scattered light).
  • the component of the change due to the resonance frequency band specific to the fibrous material is measured, and basically, a method of detecting or quantifying a specific material by measuring a spectrum of ultraviolet to millimeter waves can be used.
  • the transmitted light or reflected light is changed in comparison with the transmitted light or reflected light that has been measured in advance for a specimen having no fibrous substance such as hair, the fibrous material such as hair is contained in the specimen. It turns out that the substance is contained.
  • the present inventor has found that the transmissivity differs between when the terahertz light irradiated by the fibrous material is present in a direction parallel to the electric field direction and when present in the vertical direction. Specifically, the transmittance is lower when the hair is present in the parallel direction than when the hair is present in the direction perpendicular to the electric field of the terahertz light. In addition, absorption specific to hair is particularly observed in the vicinity of the 0.6 to 0.9 TH Z band, the 1.2 to 1.6 TH Z band, and the 1.7 to 2.4 TH Z band. The terahertz wave is different from the near-infrared ray and the mid-infrared ray, and the intrinsic absorption has a specific range rather than a specific value.
  • the sample to be measured is irradiated with terahertz waves, the light emitted from the sample is measured, and the measured light is compared with a measured value without hair or the like. Then, if there is hair in the specimen, the absorption is reduced at the site at 0.6 to 0.9 TH Z band, 1.2 to 1.6 TH Z band, and 1.7 to 2.4 TH Z band, and the transmittance decreases. . Therefore, it is determined that there is hair at the site. Specifically, as shown in FIG. 5, the standard deviation is about 1% in the 0.6 to 0.9 TH Z band, about 3% in the 1.2 to 1.6 TH Z band, and 1.7 to 2.4 TH.
  • the fibrous substance such as hair has different absorption intensity when it is in a direction parallel to the electric field direction of the irradiated terahertz wave and in a direction perpendicular thereto. Therefore, it can be seen that there is hair or the like in the vicinity where the difference in absorption intensity between the parallel direction and the vertical direction is large by moving the irradiation position of the terahertz wave.
  • the length direction of the hair can be detected by using a polarized wave as a terahertz wave to change the direction of the electric field and obtaining an electric field direction having a strong absorption intensity.
  • two terahertz waves having orthogonal electric field directions can be used, and the length direction of the hair can be derived from the measurement of the absorption intensity in each electric field direction.
  • the spectrum of transmitted light or reflected light from the irradiated terahertz wave is different between when the fibrous substance such as hair is at the center of the terahertz wave and when it is off the center. change. Therefore, when hair or the like is near the center of the terahertz wave beam, the difference in absorption intensity between the parallel and perpendicular to the electric field is large in all bands. Get smaller. As a result, the absorption intensity spectrum is measured two-dimensionally at several measurement positions, and there is a position where the difference in absorption intensity between parallel and perpendicular to the electric field is large in all bands.
  • This detection method is an important technique when measurement is performed on an image.
  • Terahertz wave irradiation is not needed to be a single frequency, for example, can be used with a strength 0.2 ⁇ 3TH Z as described above.
  • the measurement may be performed for a wide band, and is perpendicular to the electric field in FIG. 6 in the 0.6 to 0.9 TH Z band, the 1.2 to 1.6 TH Z band, or the 1.7 to 2.4 TH Z band.
  • a difference in transmittance between the direction parallel to the direction is large tapered roller may be performed measurements employ at least one such example 0.7TH Z Toka 1.4TH Z Toka 2.1TH Z.
  • the surface of the specimen is irradiated with ultra-high frequency electromagnetic waves, and the point measured by one or more detectors is moved to scan two-dimensionally. Detection is performed by scanning, or by measuring the measurement points of the secondary array at a time with a two-dimensional detector.
  • ultra-high frequency electromagnetic waves can be irradiated by focusing on the measurement point on the target, irradiating with a certain degree of spread, or irradiating the entire target. There is.
  • the transmitted wave of foreign matter such as hair from the foreign matter such as hair is transmitted.
  • the detection signal or frequency spectrum of the reflected wave for each frequency band is different. Since electromagnetic waves have the property of waves, the energy of electromagnetic waves cannot be collected in places smaller than the wavelength. Also, it cannot pass through a hole smaller than the wavelength. This is called the diffraction limit.
  • the transmission signal or reflected wave detection signal of some or all of the measurement points around the measurement point is combined. Analyze and compare the data of each frequency band or frequency spectrum.
  • the result matches the frequency-dependent effect of the diffraction limit, it can be determined with extremely high accuracy that foreign matter such as hair is present.
  • an absorption spectrum at a peripheral measurement point is confirmed at the measurement point (for example, an absorption spectrum on both sides).
  • an absorption spectrum as shown in FIG. 6 or FIG. 9 appears between the measurement point where the difference between the two polarizations appears and the surrounding measurement point, it is more certain that there is hair at that point. Can be judged.
  • the absorption spectrums of 0.6 THz or less and 0.6 THz or more are compared for a total of three points, that is, the measurement point where the difference between the two polarizations appears and the measurement point on both sides of the measurement point.
  • a total of three points that is, the measurement point where the difference between the two polarizations appears and the measurement point on both sides of the measurement point.
  • the detection target is a fibrous substance, particularly a fibrous organic substance having a thickness of about 10 ⁇ m to about 500 ⁇ m.
  • the thickness of the fiber is an important factor, and the transmittance spectrum of the fiber outside the above range is different from that of FIG. On the other hand, if the thickness is in the above range, the spectrum is similar to that of FIG.
  • the fibrous material to which the present invention is applied includes human hair such as black hair, white hair, and blonde hair, animal hair, natural or synthetic fibers, and the like.
  • FIGS. 1-10 Several embodiments of the present invention are schematically shown in FIGS.
  • the super-high frequency (4) is transmitted from the super-high frequency transmitter (1), irradiated to the sample (3) whose hair is detected, and interacted with the sample (4).
  • Measurement, control, and analysis are performed by the super-high-frequency transmitter (1), super-high-frequency receiver (5), and analyzer (6), and the detection result is displayed by the display (7).
  • the ultra-high frequency oscillator (8) transmits the terahertz wave 0.2 ⁇ 3TH Z (9), and irradiating the sample (3) to St. detecting hair sample interact Then, the super-high frequency (10) is received by the super-high frequency receiver (11). Measurement, control, and analysis are performed by the super-high-frequency transmitter (8), super-high-frequency receiver (11), and analyzer (12), and the detection results are displayed by the display (13).
  • the super-high frequency (15) is transmitted from the super-high-frequency transmitter (14), irradiated to the sample (3) whose hair is detected and interacted with the sample (16).
  • Measurement and control are performed by the ultrahigh frequency transmitter (14) and the ultrahigh frequency receiver (17), and the analysis of the 0.6TH Z band and the 1.2TH Z band is performed by the analyzer (18), and the detection results are displayed. Displayed with a container (19).
  • the sample (3) for detecting hair is irradiated and interacts with the sample.
  • the ultra-high frequency (22) is separated into different polarizations and received by the ultra-high frequency receiver (23). Measurement, control, and analysis are performed by the super-high frequency transmitter (20), the super-high frequency receiver (23), and the analyzer (24), and the detection result is displayed by the display (25).
  • one or a plurality of ultra-high frequency waves (34) having different polarizations are transmitted from the ultra-high frequency transmitter (33), and the sample (3) for detecting hair is irradiated to interact with the sample. Then, the transmitted light (35) or the reflected light (36) is measured by separating the polarized light at the respective frequencies with the ultra-high frequency receiver (37), and analyzed with the analyzer (38). Displayed on the display (39).
  • a broadband ultra-high frequency (41) including non-polarized light or different polarized light is transmitted from the ultra-high frequency receiver (40), and irradiated to the sample (3) for detecting hair,
  • the transmitted light (42) or reflected light (43) after the interaction is separated into polarized light by the ultrahigh frequency receiver (44), separated and analyzed, and analyzed by the analyzer (45), and the result is displayed on the display. Displayed at (46).
  • an ultra-high frequency transmitter (47) transmits an ultra-high frequency (48) of one or a plurality of frequency bands including non-polarized light or different polarized light to a sample (3) for detecting hair.
  • the transmitted light (49) or reflected light (50) after irradiation and interaction with the sample is separated into different polarized light by the ultrahigh frequency receiver (51) at each frequency, and is received and analyzed (52). And the result is displayed on the display (53).
  • the natural frequency at which the substance exhibits absorption can be examined and detected in the same manner by the method of the present invention.
  • the specimen that can be detected by the method of the present invention may be a specimen that can transmit ultrahigh-frequency electromagnetic waves to some extent.
  • terahertz waves are known to have a certain degree of permeability although energy is smaller than that of X-rays.
  • fibrous substances such as hair are detected using this permeability.
  • the apparatus used in the method of the present invention has a transmitter and receiver for ultra-high frequency electromagnetic waves.
  • a known high-frequency electromagnetic wave transmitter can be used.
  • a femtosecond laser-excited terahertz light source such as an LT-GaAsPC antenna or a nonlinear optical crystal
  • a Schottky barrier diode multiplier such as an LT-GaAsPC antenna or a nonlinear optical crystal
  • the receiver converts a terahertz wave into an electric signal.
  • an LT-GaAsPC antenna, an electro-optic crystal (ZnTe, DAST, etc.) is used in combination with a femtosecond laser-pumped terahertz light source.
  • a Schottky barrier diode detector, a cooling bolometer, or the like can be used in combination with the transmitter.
  • FIG. 1 An example of an apparatus used in the present invention is shown in FIG.
  • This apparatus includes a laser transmitter, a terahertz transmitter, a variable optical delay path, a beam splitter, a beam combiner, a terahertz receiver, a signal processing device, and a personal computer.
  • the laser transmitter is a femtosecond laser.
  • the transmitted laser light is divided into two directions by a beam splitter, and one beam light called pump light enters the terahertz transmitter.
  • the terahertz light source is excited by the ultrashort pulse pump light, and an ultrashort pulse terahertz wave is emitted.
  • the emitted electromagnetic wave is a combination of several terahertz broadband terahertz waves.
  • the radiated terahertz wave is polarized due to the characteristics of the terahertz transmitter.
  • the radiated terahertz wave is irradiated to the sample.
  • the terahertz wave is converted into a parallel beam or focused by using an optical system such as a concave mirror as necessary. By changing the position of the sample, the position where the terahertz is irradiated is changed.
  • the terahertz wave that has passed through the sample reaches the beam combiner.
  • the other beam light called the probe light divided by the beam splitter enters the variable optical delay path.
  • the variable optical delay path uses a retro-reflector that reflects and returns the laser light in the direction in which the laser light is incident.
  • the retroreflector is moved in parallel with the laser beam by an automatic stage or the like, and the distance until the pulse of the probe beam reaches the beam combiner, that is, the time is changed.
  • the terahertz wave pulse and the probe light pulse are combined and incident on the terahertz receiver while changing the time to match the probe light to the terahertz wave pulse. Since the electric field of the terahertz wave can be detected, the waveform of the terahertz wave electric field can be acquired as a function of time.
  • the electrical signal from the terahertz receiver is subjected to synchronous rectification, amplification, etc. by a signal processing device, and then analyzed, displayed, and stored by a personal computer (PC) connected thereto.
  • PC personal computer
  • the apparatus shown in FIG. 1 was used for the measurement.
  • This device is a terahertz time domain spectroscopic device.
  • the pumping light source is a femtosecond fiber laser with a central wavelength of 780 nm (Imura)
  • the terahertz transmitter is an LT-GaAsPC antenna (Hamamatsu Photonics)
  • the terahertz receiver is a ZnTe crystal (manufactured by JX Nippon Mining & Metals) was used for the detection, and an optical element and an optical balance detector were used for detecting the polarization of the laser beam.
  • a variable optical delay path is used to obtain a time waveform of the terahertz wave.
  • the hair used for the sample was black, medium-thick, with a flat cross section of about 95 ⁇ m.
  • the hair was affixed on a holding ring having an outer diameter of ⁇ 25 mm and an inner diameter of ⁇ 9 mm, and fixed as shown in FIG. 2 (one example).
  • the measurement was performed 8 times each with terahertz waves with the direction of the electric field parallel to the direction perpendicular to the hair, and the results obtained are shown in FIGS.
  • the standard deviation is shown in FIG. 5, and the average value is shown in FIG.
  • FIG. 6 the measurement result is shown in which the light line is perpendicular to the electric field and the dark line is parallel to the electric field.
  • the transmittance varies depending on the direction of the sample (the polarization direction of the TH Z wave), and it was confirmed that the measured value has direction dependency.
  • permeability lower than a perpendicular direction can be confirmed by all the samples, and it became clear that the hair is acting as a polarizing element.
  • Two different hair samples ( ⁇ 1> and ⁇ 2>) are repositioned at intervals of 0.3 to 0.5 mm in the direction of the electric field of the TH Z wave, and at the position of A, B or C in FIG.
  • the transmittance was measured after fixing.
  • the obtained spectrum is shown in FIGS.
  • the transmittance is measured while moving the terahertz wave measurement point, and the hair is located at the position of the measurement point when the transmittance is lowest in the 1.5 to 2.0 THz band. I can do it.
  • the present invention it can be widely used not only in the detection of fibrous substances such as hair mixed in foods and pharmaceuticals, but also in fields such as biochemistry of biopolymer fibers and health status monitoring.
  • Ultra high frequency transmitter Ultra high frequency Hair 4.
  • Super high frequency Ultra high frequency receiver 6.
  • Analysis device 7. Display 8.
  • Ultra-high frequency transmitter 9. Terahertz wave of 0.2 to 3 TH Z 10.
  • Ultra-high frequency11 Ultra-high frequency receiver 12.
  • Ultra-high frequency transmitter 15.0.6-0.9 TH Z band, 1.2-1.6 TH Z band and 1.7-2.4 TH Z band Ultra-high frequency 17.
  • Analyzer 19 Indicator 20.
  • Super high frequency with polarization component Super-high frequency23.
  • Indicator 26. Super high frequency transmitter 27. Broadband ultra-high frequency with different polarization 28. Transmitted light 29. Reflected light 30.
  • Analyzer 32 Indicator 33. Super high frequency transmitter 34. Ultra-high frequency in one or more frequency bands with different polarizations 35. Transmitted light 36. Reflected light 37. Ultra-high frequency receiver 38. Analyzer 39. Indicator 40. Ultra-high frequency transmitter 41. Broadband ultra-high frequency including unpolarized or different polarized light 42. Transmitted light 43. Reflected light 44. Ultra-high frequency receiver 45. Analyzer 46. Display 47. Super high frequency transmitter 48. Ultra-high frequency in one or more frequency bands including unpolarized light or different polarized light 49. Transmitted light 50. Reflected light 51. Ultra-high frequency receiver 52. Analyzer 53. display

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Abstract

The present invention relates to a detection method and device whereby foreign matter, such as hairs, contained in products such as food products or pharmaceutical products can be reliably detected. Provide are a method for detecting fibrous materials such as hair, characterized by employing superhigh frequency electromagnetic waves; and a device for the same.

Description

毛髪等の繊維状物質の検出方法および装置Method and apparatus for detecting fibrous substances such as hair
　本発明は、毛髪等の繊維状物質の検出方法および装置に関するものである。 The present invention relates to a method and apparatus for detecting fibrous substances such as hair.
　食品や医薬品を取り扱う企業にとり、製造の過程で誤って製品に混入した毛髪や虫等の異物を検出し生産ラインから排除することは、製品の品質を確保する上で極めて重要なことである。しかし、製品の内部に混入し目視では発見することの出来ない異物の内、金属や石等、製品である食品や医薬品との密度差の大きいものについては、生産ライン上において製品を破壊することなく全数オンラインで検査できる装置が存在するが、毛や虫等、製品との密度差が少なく構成成分が似ているもの、例えば同じ蛋白質のようなものを、同じように検査できる方法や装置は存在しない。 For companies that handle foods and pharmaceuticals, it is extremely important to ensure the quality of products by detecting foreign substances such as hair and insects that are mistakenly mixed into products during the manufacturing process and removing them from the production line. However, for foreign substances that are mixed in the product and cannot be detected visually, such as metals and stones that have a large density difference from the food or pharmaceutical product, destroy the product on the production line. There are devices that can be inspected online, but there are methods and devices that can inspect hairs, insects, etc. that have similar density components with products and similar components, such as the same protein. not exist.
　これは、従来、毛髪を検出する場合にとられてきた方法は、可視光や近赤外光等の光を、毛髪や毛髪の混入した物質に当て、その透過具合（影）から、“形（画像処理）”で毛髪を検出する方法であったことによる。 The conventional method for detecting hair is to apply light such as visible light or near-infrared light to the hair or a substance mixed with hair, and from its transmission (shadow), (Image processing) ”is a method for detecting hair.
　食品や医薬品等の製品に毛髪が混入する場合、その混入の箇所、混入の数(本数）、混入の向き等は事前に推定することが出来ない。そのため、どの箇所に、何本、どのような向きに混入しても、それを異物（毛髪）として検出することが必要になる。毛髪等の繊維状の物質は１本の太さが１００μｍ程度と極めて細く、このことが“形（画像処理）”で毛髪を検出することを難しくしている。可視光や近赤外光等で毛髪等の繊維状の物質を検出しようとする場合、特にその向きによって、画像で検出しようとする際に、分解能の限界値以下に入ってしまうと検出が不可能になる。また他のノイズ（毛髪以外による影の影響等）との分別が出来ず、誤検出する。 When hair is mixed into products such as foods and pharmaceuticals, the location, the number (number) of mixing, the direction of mixing, etc. cannot be estimated in advance. Therefore, it is necessary to detect it as a foreign object (hair) regardless of how many and in what direction it is mixed. A fibrous substance such as hair is as thin as about 100 μm, and this makes it difficult to detect hair by “shape (image processing)”. When detecting fibrous substances such as hair with visible light, near infrared light, etc., detection is not possible if the resolution falls below the limit value when trying to detect it with an image, especially depending on its orientation. It becomes possible. In addition, it cannot be distinguished from other noises (such as the influence of shadows other than hair) and is erroneously detected.
　そのため、食品や医薬品等の製品に含まれる毛髪等を確実に検出できる手段の開発は、業界においては永遠・研究の課題とされ、未だに顧客からのクレームの殆どが毛等の異物混入に関するもので占められている。 Therefore, the development of means that can reliably detect hair, etc. contained in products such as foods and pharmaceuticals has been an issue of eternity and research in the industry, and most of the complaints from customers are still related to contamination of hair and other foreign matters. Occupied.
　本発明の目的は、食品や医薬品等の製品に含まれている毛髪等の異物を確実に検出できる検出方法および装置を提供することにある。 An object of the present invention is to provide a detection method and apparatus capable of reliably detecting foreign matters such as hair contained in products such as foods and pharmaceuticals.
　本発明は、テラヘルツ時間領域分光（ＴＨＺ－ＴＤＳ）を用いて、０．２～３ＴＨＺ帯で、異なる偏光方向のテラヘルツ光の照射によって、毛髪等の繊維状の物質を検出することができるという知見に基づいており、特徴は下記の２点である。ここで、電磁波が１つの決まった方向の電界を持つことを、偏光していると言う。 The present invention can detect a fibrous substance such as hair by irradiating terahertz light having different polarization directions in the 0.2 to 3 TH Z band using terahertz time domain spectroscopy (TH Z -TDS). Based on this finding, the features are the following two points. Here, an electromagnetic wave having an electric field in one fixed direction is said to be polarized.
　０．２～３ＴＨＺ帯で、毛髪固有のスペクトルバンドを特定し、その周波数成分ではテラヘルツ光が吸収、反射、散乱されることにより毛髪等の繊維状の物質を検出する。 A spectral band specific to hair is specified in the 0.2 to 3 TH Z band, and terahertz light is absorbed, reflected, and scattered by the frequency component to detect fibrous substances such as hair.
　異なる方向の偏光を持つテラヘルツ光の照射による、毛髪等の繊維状の物質の吸収、反射、散乱スペクトルの差を利用することで、毛髪一本でも検出することが可能である。 It is possible to detect even a single hair by utilizing the difference in absorption, reflection and scattering spectra of fibrous substances such as hair by irradiation with terahertz light having polarized light in different directions.
　検出対象の毛髪等の繊維状の物質の種類およびそれが混入している媒質の材料の性質により、０．２～３ＴＨＺ帯に限らず、ミリ波、テラヘルツ波、赤外線にわたる超高周波電磁波から最適な周波数帯を選定することにより、広く適用することができる。 Depending on the type of fibrous substance such as hair to be detected and the nature of the material of the medium in which it is mixed, it is optimal not only from the 0.2 to 3 TH Z band but also from ultra-high frequency electromagnetic waves ranging from millimeter waves, terahertz waves, and infrared rays. By selecting an appropriate frequency band, it can be widely applied.
　更に、毛髪等の繊維状の異物の高精度の検出には、高い空間分解能で計測する必要がある。この時、計測点を中心として空間的に分解できるサイズは、ホイヘンスフレネルの原理から、回折限界に影響されることになる。回折限界の空間分解能は波長程度のサイズである。従ってそのサイズは、周波数に逆比例することになり、低い周波数では大きく、高い周波数では小さくなる。 Furthermore, it is necessary to measure with high spatial resolution for high-accuracy detection of fibrous foreign matters such as hair. At this time, the size that can be spatially resolved around the measurement point is influenced by the diffraction limit due to the Huygens Fresnel principle. The diffraction-limited spatial resolution is about the size of a wavelength. Therefore, the size is inversely proportional to the frequency, and is large at a low frequency and small at a high frequency.
　そのため、超高周波電磁波を照射した対象物からの反射光あるいは透過光は、毛髪等の繊維状の異物が計測点の中心付近に存在するときは、超高周波電磁波の全ての周波数バンドで毛髪等の異物による吸収等の影響が検出され得るが、計測点の中心付近から外れるに従い、超高周波電磁波の高周波側から弱くなり、検出されなくなる。 Therefore, the reflected light or transmitted light from the object irradiated with the super-high frequency electromagnetic wave is such that the hair or the like in all the frequency bands of the super-high frequency electromagnetic wave when the fibrous foreign matter such as hair exists near the center of the measurement point. Although the influence of absorption or the like by a foreign substance can be detected, as it deviates from the vicinity of the center of the measurement point, it becomes weaker from the high frequency side of the superhigh frequency electromagnetic wave and is not detected.
　即ち、計測点に対する毛髪等の異物の位置により、計測される周波数バンド間の反射光あるいは透過光に差が生じる、または、反射光あるいは透過光のスペクトルが変わることになる。 That is, depending on the position of foreign matter such as hair with respect to the measurement point, a difference occurs in reflected light or transmitted light between frequency bands to be measured, or the spectrum of reflected light or transmitted light changes.
　上記の現象は従来の考えでは毛髪等の異物の検出精度を下げるものであるが、本発明はこの効果を用いることによる、毛髪等の異物の検出の精度を高める、あるいは検出した毛髪等の異物の位置の正確さを向上する方法および装置に関するものである。 The above phenomenon lowers the detection accuracy of foreign matter such as hair in the conventional idea, but the present invention uses this effect to increase the accuracy of detection of foreign matter such as hair or to detect foreign matter such as hair. The present invention relates to a method and an apparatus for improving the accuracy of the position of the apparatus.
　すなわち、本発明は、
［１］超高周波電磁波を用いることを特徴とする、毛髪等の繊維状物質を検出する方法と、
［２］繊維状物質を含有する検体に、少なくとも０．６～０．９ＴＨＺ帯、１．２～１．６ＴＨＺ帯または１．７～２．４ＴＨＺ帯のいずれかの周波数帯に含まれる周波数を有するテラヘルツ波を照射し、検体から発せられる該周波数帯の出射光を測定することを特徴とする繊維状物質の検出方法と、
［３］テラヘルツ波の有する周波数帯が０．６～０．９ＴＨＺ帯である［２］の繊維状物質の検出方法と、
［４］テラヘルツ波の有する周波数帯が１．２～１．６ＴＨＺ帯である［２］の繊維状物質の検出方法と、
［５］テラヘルツ波の有する周波数帯が１．７～２．４ＴＨＺ帯である［２］の繊維状物質の検出方法と、
［６］出射光が繊維状物質の透過光である［２］の繊維状物質の検出方法と、
［７］出射光が繊維状物質からの反射光である［２］の繊維状物質の検出方法と、
［８］テラヘルツ波の偏光方向が直交する２つの偏光波であり、２つの偏光波の繊維状物質の透過率あるいは反射率を測定して、その透過率の差あるいは反射率の差を求めることである［２］の繊維状物質の検出方法と、
［９］前記透過率の差あるいは反射率の差が０．６～０．９ＴＨＺ帯では少なくとも２％、１．２～１．６ＴＨＺ帯では少なくとも４％、１．７～２．４ＴＨＺ帯では少なくとも６％である［８］の繊維状物質の検出方法と
［１０］透過光又は反射光を、照射するテラヘルツ波の偏光の方向を変えながら検出する［８］又は［９］の繊維状物質の検出方法と、
［１１］透過光または反射光を、照射するテラヘルツ波の計測点を移動させながら検出する［８］乃至［１０］の繊維状物質の検出方法と、
［１２］繊維状物質が毛髪である［２］乃至［１１］の繊維状物質の検出方法と、
［１３］少なくとも０．６～０．９ＴＨＺ帯、１．２～１．６ＴＨＺ帯または１．７～２．４ＴＨＺ帯の周波数を発信するテラヘルツ発信器、該テラヘルツ発信器から検体に照射されて検体から出射された少なくとも０．６～０．９ＴＨＺ帯、１．２～１．６ＴＨＺ帯または１．７～２．４ＴＨＺ帯の周波数のテラヘルツ波を受信する受信器よりなる繊維状物質の検出装置と、
［１４］テラヘルツ波のビーム径内の中心点と中心点付近の吸収強度の差（［８］の透過率あるいは反射率の差）から、繊維状物質の位置を特定する方法と、
［１５］前記吸収強度の差を測定する周波数帯が、１．５ＴＨｚ～２．０ＴＨｚ帯である［１４］の方法と、
［１６］前記吸収強度の差が、１．５ＴＨｚ～２．０ＴＨｚ帯で最も大きくなった時の計測点の位置に繊維状物質が存在することを特定する［１４］又は［１５］の方法と、
［１７］繊維状物質が毛髪である［１４］乃至［１６］の方法
を提供するものである。 That is, the present invention
[1] A method for detecting fibrous substances such as hair, characterized by using ultra-high frequency electromagnetic waves;
[2] Included in specimen containing fibrous substance in frequency band of at least 0.6 to 0.9 TH Z band, 1.2 to 1.6 TH Z band, or 1.7 to 2.4 TH Z band A method for detecting a fibrous substance, characterized by measuring terahertz waves having a frequency to be emitted and measuring the emitted light in the frequency band emitted from the specimen;
[3] The method for detecting a fibrous substance according to [2], wherein the frequency band of the terahertz wave is 0.6 to 0.9 TH Z band;
[4] The method for detecting a fibrous substance according to [2], wherein the frequency band of the terahertz wave is 1.2 to 1.6 TH Z band;
[5] The method for detecting a fibrous substance according to [2], wherein the frequency band of the terahertz wave is 1.7 to 2.4 TH Z band;
[6] The method for detecting a fibrous substance according to [2], wherein the emitted light is transmitted light of the fibrous substance;
[7] The method for detecting a fibrous substance according to [2], wherein the emitted light is reflected light from the fibrous substance;
[8] Two polarization waves having orthogonal polarization directions of terahertz waves, and measuring the transmittance or reflectance of the fibrous material of the two polarization waves to determine the difference in transmittance or the difference in reflectance [2] the method for detecting a fibrous substance,
[9] The difference in transmittance or reflectance is at least 2% in the 0.6 to 0.9 TH Z band, at least 4% in the 1.2 to 1.6 TH Z band, and 1.7 to 2.4 TH Z. [8] Fiber material detection method of [8] which is at least 6% in the band and [10] Fiber of [8] or [9] which detects transmitted light or reflected light while changing the polarization direction of the terahertz wave to be irradiated A method for detecting a substance,
[11] The method for detecting a fibrous substance according to [8] to [10], wherein transmitted light or reflected light is detected while moving a measurement point of the terahertz wave to be irradiated;
[12] The method for detecting a fibrous substance according to [2] to [11], wherein the fibrous substance is hair;
[13] A terahertz transmitter that transmits a frequency of at least 0.6 to 0.9 TH Z band, 1.2 to 1.6 TH Z band, or 1.7 to 2.4 TH Z band, and irradiates the specimen from the terahertz transmitter And a fiber comprising a receiver that receives terahertz waves having a frequency of at least 0.6 to 0.9 TH Z band, 1.2 to 1.6 TH Z band, or 1.7 to 2.4 TH Z band emitted from the specimen. A device for detecting a substance,
[14] A method for identifying the position of the fibrous material from the difference in absorption intensity between the center point within the beam diameter of the terahertz wave and the vicinity of the center point (difference in transmittance or reflectance in [8]);
[15] The method according to [14], wherein a frequency band for measuring the difference in absorption intensity is a 1.5 THz to 2.0 THz band;
[16] The method according to [14] or [15], which specifies that a fibrous substance is present at the position of the measurement point when the difference in absorption intensity is greatest in the 1.5 THz to 2.0 THz band. ,
[17] The method according to [14] to [16], wherein the fibrous substance is hair.
　本発明の方法は、毛髪等の形をとらえて検出する従来の方法と異なり、毛髪が特定周波数の電磁波を吸収することを利用しており、この点において、本発明は毛髪の向きに寄らず、そこに毛髪等の繊維状の物質が存在しさえすれば、その周波数成分を検出することで、それを検出することを可能とすることが出来る。本発明では、それを毛髪一本でも可能にすることを確認した。 The method of the present invention is different from the conventional method of detecting and detecting the shape of hair or the like, and utilizes the fact that hair absorbs electromagnetic waves of a specific frequency. In this respect, the present invention does not depend on the direction of the hair. As long as a fibrous substance such as hair is present there, it can be detected by detecting the frequency component. In the present invention, it has been confirmed that even a single hair is possible.
　従って、本発明の方法によれば、製品に含まれる毛髪等の繊維状の異物を確実に検出できる。 Therefore, according to the method of the present invention, fibrous foreign matters such as hair contained in the product can be reliably detected.
本発明の実施例で使用したテラヘルツの時間領域分光測定装置の概略構成を示す図である。It is a figure which shows schematic structure of the terahertz time-domain spectrometer used in the Example of this invention. 毛髪１本のサンプルをサンプル保持リングに固定した状態を示す図である。It is a figure which shows the state which fixed the sample of one hair to the sample holding ring. 毛髪１本のサンプルを電界に垂直方向に配置して８回測定し、得られたスペクトルの変動を調べた結果を示す図である。It is a figure which shows the result of having arrange | positioned the sample of one hair to the orthogonal | vertical direction to an electric field, and measuring 8 times, and investigated the fluctuation | variation of the obtained spectrum. 毛髪１本のサンプルを電界に平行方向に配置して８回測定し、得られたスペクトルの変動を調べた結果を示す図である。It is a figure which shows the result of having arrange | positioned the sample of one hair in the direction parallel to an electric field, and having measured 8 times, and investigated the fluctuation | variation of the obtained spectrum. 図３と図４における透過率の標準偏差を示す図である。It is a figure which shows the standard deviation of the transmittance | permeability in FIG. 3 and FIG. 毛髪１本のサンプルの周波数と透過率の関係を図３と図４の平均値で示すスペクトル図である。It is a spectrum figure which shows the relationship between the frequency and transmittance | permeability of the sample of one hair by the average value of FIG. 3 and FIG. 毛髪のないサンプルを図３と同じ方向で複数回測定し、得られたスペクトルの変動を調べた結果を示す図である。It is a figure which shows the result of having measured the sample without hair several times in the same direction as FIG. 3, and investigated the fluctuation | variation of the obtained spectrum. 毛髪のないサンプルを図４と同じ方向で複数回測定し、得られたスペクトルの変動を調べた結果を示す図である。It is a figure which shows the result of having measured the sample without hair in the same direction as FIG. 4, and having investigated the fluctuation | variation of the obtained spectrum. 図７と図８のスペクトルをそれぞれ平均値で示したスペクトル図である。It is the spectrum figure which showed the spectrum of FIG. 7 and FIG. 8 by the average value, respectively.
毛髪１本のサンプルを位置をＡ、Ｂ、Ｃに変えてサンプル保持リングに固定した図である。It is the figure which changed the position of the sample of one hair to A, B, and C, and was fixed to the sample holding ring. それに照射したＴＨＺビームの径を示した図である。It is a diagram showing a diameter of the irradiated TH Z beam thereto. 毛髪サンプル＜１＞について、図１０の毛髪のＡ、Ｂ、Ｃの位置における周波数と透過率の関係を示すスペクトル図である。It is a spectrum figure which shows the relationship of the frequency and the transmittance | permeability in the position of A, B, and C of the hair of FIG. 10 about hair sample <1>. 毛髪サンプル＜２＞について、図１０の毛髪のＡ、Ｂ、Ｃの位置における周波数と透過率の関係を示すスペクトル図である。It is a spectrum figure which shows the relationship between the frequency in the position of A of hair of FIG. 10, and the transmittance | permeability about hair sample <2>. 本発明の一態様の方法とそれに使用される装置を説明する模式図である。It is a schematic diagram explaining the method of 1 aspect of this invention, and the apparatus used therein. 本発明の別の態様の方法とそれに使用される装置を説明する模式図である。It is a schematic diagram explaining the method of another aspect of this invention, and the apparatus used therein. 本発明の別の態様の方法とそれに使用される装置を説明する模式図である。It is a schematic diagram explaining the method of another aspect of this invention, and the apparatus used therein. 本発明の別の態様の方法とそれに使用される装置を説明する模式図である。It is a schematic diagram explaining the method of another aspect of this invention, and the apparatus used therein. 本発明の別の態様の方法とそれに使用される装置を説明する模式図である。It is a schematic diagram explaining the method of another aspect of this invention, and the apparatus used therein. 本発明の別の態様の方法とそれに使用される装置を説明する模式図である。It is a schematic diagram explaining the method of another aspect of this invention, and the apparatus used therein. 本発明の別の態様の方法とそれに使用される装置を説明する模式図である。It is a schematic diagram explaining the method of another aspect of this invention, and the apparatus used therein. 本発明の別の態様の方法とそれに使用される装置を説明する模式図である。It is a schematic diagram explaining the method of another aspect of this invention, and the apparatus used therein.
　本発明の方法は、超高周波電磁波を用いて毛髪等の繊維状物質を検出する方法であり、超高周波電磁波は赤外線からミリ波までであって、周波数では０．０３～３０ＴＨＺの範囲のものである。好ましい電磁波はテラヘルツ波であり、特に、０．２～３ＴＨＺのテラヘルツ波が好ましい。この電磁波は、広帯域の周波数成分を持つ電磁波であってもよく、また、毛髪等が吸収、反射、散乱などに共鳴周波数バンドを示す固有周波数、例えば０．６～０．９ＴＨＺ帯、１．２～１．６ＴＨＺ帯および１．７～２．４ＴＨＺ帯の中の特定周波数のみであってもよい。ここに、広帯域とは、上記共鳴周波数バンドの少なくとも１つを含んでいればよく、その範囲は特に制限されない。 The method of the present invention is a method of detecting a fibrous material such as the hair using a very high frequency electromagnetic waves, ultra high frequency electromagnetic waves be from infrared to microwave in the range of 0.03 ~ 30TH Z in the frequency It is. Preferred electromagnetic wave is a terahertz wave, particularly preferably terahertz wave 0.2 ~ 3TH Z. This electromagnetic wave may be an electromagnetic wave having a broadband frequency component, or a natural frequency exhibiting a resonance frequency band in hair, etc. for absorption, reflection, scattering, etc., for example, 0.6 to 0.9 TH Z band. Only specific frequencies in the 2 to 1.6 TH Z band and the 1.7 to 2.4 TH Z band may be used. Here, the wide band only needs to include at least one of the resonance frequency bands, and the range is not particularly limited.
　超高周波電磁波を用いることは、これを毛髪等の繊維状の物質を含む検体に照射すること、あるいは検体からの透過光または反射光（散乱光を含む。）を測定することを意味し、さらに、２つ以上の方向に偏光した電磁波を照射しあるいは測定することを含む。 Using ultra-high frequency electromagnetic waves means irradiating a specimen containing a fibrous substance such as hair, or measuring transmitted light or reflected light (including scattered light) from the specimen. Irradiating or measuring electromagnetic waves polarized in two or more directions.
　本発明の毛髪等の繊維状物質の検出方法は、検体に超高周波電磁波を照射して、そこからの出射光、すなわち、透過光または反射光（散乱光を含む。）に含まれる当該毛髪等の繊維状物質固有の共鳴周波数バンドによる変化の成分を測定することであり、基本的に、紫外線～ミリ波のスペクトルを測定して特定物質を検出しあるいは定量する手法を利用できる。 In the method for detecting a fibrous substance such as hair according to the present invention, the sample is irradiated with ultrahigh-frequency electromagnetic waves, and the hair contained in the light emitted therefrom, that is, transmitted light or reflected light (including scattered light). The component of the change due to the resonance frequency band specific to the fibrous material is measured, and basically, a method of detecting or quantifying a specific material by measuring a spectrum of ultraviolet to millimeter waves can be used.
　すなわち、予め毛髪等の繊維状物質のない検体について測定しておいた透過光または反射光と比較してこれらの透過光または反射光が変化していれば、この検体中に毛髪等の繊維状物質が含まれていることがわかる。 That is, if the transmitted light or reflected light is changed in comparison with the transmitted light or reflected light that has been measured in advance for a specimen having no fibrous substance such as hair, the fibrous material such as hair is contained in the specimen. It turns out that the substance is contained.
　本発明者は、繊維状物質が照射したテラヘルツ光の電界方向に対し平行方向で存在した場合と、垂直方向で存在した場合とで異なる透過率を示すことを見出した。具体的には毛髪がテラヘルツ光の電界に垂直方向で存在するときよりも平行方向で存在したときの方が透過率が低くなる。また、特に０．６～０．９ＴＨＺ帯、１．２～１．６ＴＨＺ帯および１．７～２．４ＴＨＺ帯付近に毛髪固有の吸収を示す。尚、テラヘルツ波は、近赤外線や中赤外線と異なり、固有の吸収は、特定値ではなく特定の範囲を有している。 The present inventor has found that the transmissivity differs between when the terahertz light irradiated by the fibrous material is present in a direction parallel to the electric field direction and when present in the vertical direction. Specifically, the transmittance is lower when the hair is present in the parallel direction than when the hair is present in the direction perpendicular to the electric field of the terahertz light. In addition, absorption specific to hair is particularly observed in the vicinity of the 0.6 to 0.9 TH Z band, the 1.2 to 1.6 TH Z band, and the 1.7 to 2.4 TH Z band. The terahertz wave is different from the near-infrared ray and the mid-infrared ray, and the intrinsic absorption has a specific range rather than a specific value.
これらの知見から、毛髪等の検出は次のようにして行うことができる。測定しようとする検体に、テラヘルツ波を照射して、検体からの出射光を測定し、それを毛髪等のない測定値と比較する。そうすると、検体内に毛髪があればその部位で０．６～０．９ＴＨＺ帯、１．２～１．６ＴＨＺ帯および１．７～２．４ＴＨＺ帯で吸収を示して透過率が下がる。そこで、その部位に毛髪があると判断するのである。具体的には、図５に示すように、標準偏差が０．６～０．９ＴＨＺ帯では１％程度、１．２～１．６ＴＨＺ帯では３％程度、１．７～２．４ＴＨＺ帯では５％程度であるので、それを越えれば毛髪があると判断する。有意差を１％とれば、０．６～０．９ＴＨＺ帯では少なくとも２％、１．２～１．６ＴＨＺ帯では少なくとも４％、好ましくは５％以上、１．７～２．４ＴＨＺ帯では少なくとも６％、好ましくは８％以上差があれば毛髪があると判断する。測定装置等により標準偏差が変われば、上記基準はそれに応じて変更することができる。 From these findings, detection of hair and the like can be performed as follows. The sample to be measured is irradiated with terahertz waves, the light emitted from the sample is measured, and the measured light is compared with a measured value without hair or the like. Then, if there is hair in the specimen, the absorption is reduced at the site at 0.6 to 0.9 TH Z band, 1.2 to 1.6 TH Z band, and 1.7 to 2.4 TH Z band, and the transmittance decreases. . Therefore, it is determined that there is hair at the site. Specifically, as shown in FIG. 5, the standard deviation is about 1% in the 0.6 to 0.9 TH Z band, about 3% in the 1.2 to 1.6 TH Z band, and 1.7 to 2.4 TH. Since it is about 5% in the Z band, if it exceeds that, it is determined that there is hair. If the significant difference is 1%, at least 2% in the 0.6 to 0.9 TH Z band, at least 4% in the 1.2 to 1.6 TH Z band, preferably 5% or more, 1.7 to 2.4 TH Z If there is a difference of at least 6%, preferably 8% or more in the band, it is judged that there is hair. If the standard deviation is changed by a measuring device or the like, the reference can be changed accordingly.
　毛髪等の繊維状物質は、図６に示すように、照射したテラヘルツ波の電界方向と平行方向にある場合と垂直方向にある場合で吸収強度が異なる。そこで、テラヘルツ波の照射位置を移動させて、平行方向と垂直方向の吸収強度の差が大きいところ付近に、毛髪等があることが分かる。また、テラヘルツ波に偏光波を用いてその電界の方向を変え吸収強度が強い電界方向を求めることで、毛髪の長さ方向を検知できる。また、テラヘルツ波に電界方向を変える代わりに、直交する電界方向を持つ２つのテラヘルツ波を用い、それぞれの電界方向の吸収強度の測定から、毛髪の長さ方向を導出することもできる。 As shown in FIG. 6, the fibrous substance such as hair has different absorption intensity when it is in a direction parallel to the electric field direction of the irradiated terahertz wave and in a direction perpendicular thereto. Therefore, it can be seen that there is hair or the like in the vicinity where the difference in absorption intensity between the parallel direction and the vertical direction is large by moving the irradiation position of the terahertz wave. Moreover, the length direction of the hair can be detected by using a polarized wave as a terahertz wave to change the direction of the electric field and obtaining an electric field direction having a strong absorption intensity. Further, instead of changing the electric field direction to terahertz waves, two terahertz waves having orthogonal electric field directions can be used, and the length direction of the hair can be derived from the measurement of the absorption intensity in each electric field direction.
さらに、図１０～１３に示すように、毛髪等の繊維状物質がテラヘルツ波の中心にあるような場合と中心から外れている場合で、照射したテラヘルツ波からの透過光あるいは反射光のスペクトルが変わる。従って、毛髪等がテラヘルツ波のビームの中心近くにあるときは、全ての帯域で電界に平行と垂直で吸収強度の差が大きいが、ビームの中心から外れるにつれて、高周波域で吸収強度の差が小さくなる。これにより、２次元的にいくつかの計測位置で吸収強度のスペクトルを測定し、全ての帯域で電界に平行と垂直の吸収強度の差が大きい位置があり、その周りの位置で、高周波域で吸収強度の差が小さくなっていると、全ての帯域で電界に平行と垂直の吸収強度の差が大きい位置に、毛髪等が存在することの確実性が高く、位置もより正確に特定できる。この検出法は、測定を画像で行う場合に重要な技術である。 Furthermore, as shown in FIGS. 10 to 13, the spectrum of transmitted light or reflected light from the irradiated terahertz wave is different between when the fibrous substance such as hair is at the center of the terahertz wave and when it is off the center. change. Therefore, when hair or the like is near the center of the terahertz wave beam, the difference in absorption intensity between the parallel and perpendicular to the electric field is large in all bands. Get smaller. As a result, the absorption intensity spectrum is measured two-dimensionally at several measurement positions, and there is a position where the difference in absorption intensity between parallel and perpendicular to the electric field is large in all bands. When the difference in absorption intensity is small, there is a high degree of certainty that hair or the like is present at a position where the difference in absorption intensity parallel to and perpendicular to the electric field is large in all bands, and the position can be specified more accurately. This detection method is an important technique when measurement is performed on an image.
照射するテラヘルツ波は、単周波数にする必要はなく、例えば、前述のように０．２～３ＴＨＺに強度を有するものを用いることができる。 Terahertz wave irradiation is not needed to be a single frequency, for example, can be used with a strength 0.2 ~ 3TH Z as described above.
　一方、測定は、広帯域について行われてもよく、０．６～０．９ＴＨＺ帯、１．２～１．６ＴＨＺ帯あるいは１．７～２．４ＴＨＺ帯において、図６で電界に垂直方向と平行方向の間で透過率の差が大きいといころ、例えば０．７ＴＨＺとか１．４ＴＨＺとか２．１ＴＨＺなどの少なくとも１つを採用して測定を行えばよい。 On the other hand, the measurement may be performed for a wide band, and is perpendicular to the electric field in FIG. 6 in the 0.6 to 0.9 TH Z band, the 1.2 to 1.6 TH Z band, or the 1.7 to 2.4 TH Z band. a difference in transmittance between the direction parallel to the direction is large tapered roller may be performed measurements employ at least one such example 0.7TH Z Toka 1.4TH Z Toka 2.1TH Z.
　ところで、食品や医薬品等の検体に入っている毛髪等の異物を検出しようとする場合、表面の外側から2次元的に空間分解して測定する必要がある。 By the way, when trying to detect foreign matter such as hair in a sample of food or medicine, it is necessary to measure it by spatially resolving two-dimensionally from the outside of the surface.
　即ち、検体の表面に超高周波電磁波を照射するとともに、単数あるいは複数の検出器で計測する点を移動させて2次元的にスキャンする、一次元検出器の計測点を列方向と異なる方向に移動させてスキャンする、あるいは二次元検出器で2次的配列の計測点を一度に見る等して検出を行う。 In other words, the surface of the specimen is irradiated with ultra-high frequency electromagnetic waves, and the point measured by one or more detectors is moved to scan two-dimensionally. Detection is performed by scanning, or by measuring the measurement points of the secondary array at a time with a two-dimensional detector.
　超高周波電磁波の照射の仕方は、測定の感度・しやすさに応じて、対象物上の計測点に焦点を結ぶように絞って照射する、ある程度広げて照射する、対象物全体を照射するなどがある。 Depending on the sensitivity and ease of measurement, ultra-high frequency electromagnetic waves can be irradiated by focusing on the measurement point on the target, irradiating with a certain degree of spread, or irradiating the entire target. There is.
　いずれにせよ、毛髪等の異物が中心に存在する計測点と、その周りの計測点とでは、回折限界の大きさの周波数依存性により、入射超高周波電磁波の、毛髪等の異物からの透過波あるいは反射波の、周波数バンドごとの検出信号あるいは周波数スペクトルが異なる。電磁波は波の性質があるので、電磁波のエネルギーを波長程度よりも小さいところに集めることができない。また、波長程度よりも小さな穴を通り抜けることができない。このことを、回折限界と言う。 In any case, due to the frequency dependence of the size of the diffraction limit at the measurement point where the foreign matter such as hair exists in the center and the surrounding measurement points, the transmitted wave of foreign matter such as hair from the foreign matter such as hair is transmitted. Alternatively, the detection signal or frequency spectrum of the reflected wave for each frequency band is different. Since electromagnetic waves have the property of waves, the energy of electromagnetic waves cannot be collected in places smaller than the wavelength. Also, it cannot pass through a hole smaller than the wavelength. This is called the diffraction limit.
　毛髪等の異物が中心に存在する計測点では、その周りの計測点より、超高周波電磁波の高周波数側で、毛髪等の異物からの影響が強く表れる。　従って、毛髪等の異物からの透過波あるいは反射波を検出した計測点の検出信号に加えて、その計測点の周りの、一部あるいは全ての計測点の透過波あるいは反射波の検出信号を合わせ、各周波数バンドあるいは周波数スペクトルのデータを解析し比較する。 In the measurement point where foreign matter such as hair is present at the center, the influence of foreign matter such as hair appears strongly on the high frequency side of the super-high frequency electromagnetic wave from the surrounding measurement points. Therefore, in addition to the detection signal of the measurement point that detects the transmitted wave or reflected wave from foreign matters such as hair, the transmission signal or reflected wave detection signal of some or all of the measurement points around the measurement point is combined. Analyze and compare the data of each frequency band or frequency spectrum.
　その結果が、上記の回折限界の周波数依存性の効果と適合する場合は、毛髪等の異物が存在することを、極めて高い精度で判断できる。
　具体的には、２つの偏光に差が表れた場合にその計測点において、周辺の計測点の吸収スペクトルを確認する（例えば両隣の吸収スペクトル等）。２つの偏光に差が表れた計測点と、その周辺の計測点との間に図６や図９に示すような吸収スペクトルが表れた場合には、その点に毛髪があることを、より確実に判断できる。 If the result matches the frequency-dependent effect of the diffraction limit, it can be determined with extremely high accuracy that foreign matter such as hair is present.
Specifically, when a difference appears between two polarizations, an absorption spectrum at a peripheral measurement point is confirmed at the measurement point (for example, an absorption spectrum on both sides). When an absorption spectrum as shown in FIG. 6 or FIG. 9 appears between the measurement point where the difference between the two polarizations appears and the surrounding measurement point, it is more certain that there is hair at that point. Can be judged.
　具体的には、２つの偏光に差が表れた計測点とその両隣の計測点の、計３点について、例えば０．６ＴＨｚ以下と０．６ＴＨｚ以上の吸収スペクトルを比較し、図６や図９のような吸収スペクトルが得られた場合には、３点の内、どの点が最も毛髪に近いかを判断することができる。 Specifically, for example, the absorption spectrums of 0.6 THz or less and 0.6 THz or more are compared for a total of three points, that is, the measurement point where the difference between the two polarizations appears and the measurement point on both sides of the measurement point. When such an absorption spectrum is obtained, it is possible to determine which of the three points is closest to the hair.
　検出対象は繊維状物質であり、特に太さが約１０μｍ～約５００μｍの繊維状有機物である。繊維は太さが重要な要素であり、上記の範囲外のものは図６とは透過率のスペクトルが異なってくる。一方、太さが上記範囲であれば形状や色等に影響されず、図６と同じようなスペクトルになる。本発明が適用される繊維状物質は、黒髪、白髪、金髪等の人毛、動物の毛、天然あるいは合成繊維類等がある。 The detection target is a fibrous substance, particularly a fibrous organic substance having a thickness of about 10 μm to about 500 μm. The thickness of the fiber is an important factor, and the transmittance spectrum of the fiber outside the above range is different from that of FIG. On the other hand, if the thickness is in the above range, the spectrum is similar to that of FIG. The fibrous material to which the present invention is applied includes human hair such as black hair, white hair, and blonde hair, animal hair, natural or synthetic fibers, and the like.
　本発明のいくつかの態様を図１４～２１に模式的に示す。 Several embodiments of the present invention are schematically shown in FIGS.
　図１４の態様においては、超高周波発信器（１）から、超高周波（２）を発信し、毛髪を検出せんとする試料（３）に照射し、試料と相互作用した後の超高周波（４）を、超高周波受信器（５）で受信する。計測、制御及び解析は、超高周波発信器（１）、超高周波受信器（５）及び分析装置（６）で行い、検出結果を表示器（７）で表示する。 In the embodiment of FIG. 14, the super-high frequency (4) is transmitted from the super-high frequency transmitter (1), irradiated to the sample (3) whose hair is detected, and interacted with the sample (4). ) Is received by the super-high frequency receiver (5). Measurement, control, and analysis are performed by the super-high-frequency transmitter (1), super-high-frequency receiver (5), and analyzer (6), and the detection result is displayed by the display (7).
　図１５の態様においては、超高周波発信器（８）から、０．２～３ＴＨＺのテラヘルツ波（９）を発信し、毛髪を検出せんとする試料（３）に照射し、試料と相互作用した後の超高周波（１０）を、超高周波受信器（１１）で受信する。計測、制御及び解析は、超高周波発信器（８）、超高周波受信器（１１）及び分析装置（１２）で行い、検出結果を表示器（１３）で表示する。 In the embodiment of FIG. 15, from the ultra-high frequency oscillator (8), it transmits the terahertz wave 0.2 ~ 3TH Z (9), and irradiating the sample (3) to St. detecting hair sample interact Then, the super-high frequency (10) is received by the super-high frequency receiver (11). Measurement, control, and analysis are performed by the super-high-frequency transmitter (8), super-high-frequency receiver (11), and analyzer (12), and the detection results are displayed by the display (13).
　図１６の態様においては、超高周波発信機（１４）から、超高周波（１５）を発信し、毛髪を検出せんとする試料（３）に照射し、試料と相互作用した後の超高周波（１６）を、超高周波受信器（１７）で受信する。計測、制御は、超高周波発信機（１４）と超高周波受信器（１７）で、０．６ＴＨＺ帯と１．２ＴＨＺ帯の解析は分析装置（１８）で、それぞれ行い、検出結果を表示器（１９）で表示する。 In the embodiment of FIG. 16, the super-high frequency (15) is transmitted from the super-high-frequency transmitter (14), irradiated to the sample (3) whose hair is detected and interacted with the sample (16). ) Is received by the super-high frequency receiver (17). Measurement and control are performed by the ultrahigh frequency transmitter (14) and the ultrahigh frequency receiver (17), and the analysis of the 0.6TH Z band and the 1.2TH Z band is performed by the analyzer (18), and the detection results are displayed. Displayed with a container (19).
　図１７の態様においては、超高周波発信器（２０）から、偏光成分を持つ超高周波（２１）を発信し、毛髪を検出せんとする試料（３）に照射し、試料と相互作用した後の超高周波（２２）を、異なる偏光に分離し、超高周波受信器（２３）で受信する。計測、制御及び解析は、超高周波発信器（２０）、超高周波受信器（２３）及び分析装置（２４）で行い、検出結果を、表示器（２５）で表示する。 In the embodiment of FIG. 17, after the super-high frequency transmitter (20) emits the super-high frequency (21) having a polarization component, the sample (3) for detecting hair is irradiated and interacts with the sample. The ultra-high frequency (22) is separated into different polarizations and received by the ultra-high frequency receiver (23). Measurement, control, and analysis are performed by the super-high frequency transmitter (20), the super-high frequency receiver (23), and the analyzer (24), and the detection result is displayed by the display (25).
　図１８の態様においては、超高周波発信器（２６）から、偏光の異なる広帯域の超高周波（２７）を発信し、毛髪を検出せんとする試料（３）に照射し、試料と相互作用した後の透過光（２８）、または反射光（２９）を、異なる偏光で分離して、超高周波受信器（３０）で受信し、分光する。計測、制御及び解析は、超高周波発信器（２６）、超高周波受信器（３０）及び分析装置（３１）で行い、検出結果を表示器（３２）で表示する。 In the embodiment of FIG. 18, after transmitting a broadband ultra-high frequency (27) with different polarization from the ultra-high frequency transmitter (26), irradiating the sample (3) whose hair is to be detected, and interacting with the sample The transmitted light (28) or reflected light (29) is separated by different polarizations, received by the ultrahigh frequency receiver (30), and separated. Measurement, control, and analysis are performed by the super-high-frequency transmitter (26), the super-high-frequency receiver (30), and the analyzer (31), and the detection result is displayed by the display (32).
　図１９の態様においては、超高周波発信器（３３）から、偏光の異なる単数または複数の超高周波（３４）を発信し、毛髪を検出せんとする試料（３）に照射し、試料と相互作用した後の透過光（３５）、または反射光（３６）を、それぞれの周波数で、超高周波受信器（３７）で偏光を分離して測定し、分析装置（３８）で解析して、結果を表示器（３９）で表示する。 In the embodiment of FIG. 19, one or a plurality of ultra-high frequency waves (34) having different polarizations are transmitted from the ultra-high frequency transmitter (33), and the sample (3) for detecting hair is irradiated to interact with the sample. Then, the transmitted light (35) or the reflected light (36) is measured by separating the polarized light at the respective frequencies with the ultra-high frequency receiver (37), and analyzed with the analyzer (38). Displayed on the display (39).
　図２０の態様においては、超高周波受信器（４０）から、無偏光または異なる偏光を含む広帯域の超高周波（４１）を発信し、毛髪を検出せんとする試料（３）に照射し、試料と相互作用した後の透過光（４２）、または反射光（４３）を、超高周波受信器（４４）で偏光に分離して受信、分光し、分析装置（４５）で解析し、結果を表示器（４６）で表示する。 In the embodiment of FIG. 20, a broadband ultra-high frequency (41) including non-polarized light or different polarized light is transmitted from the ultra-high frequency receiver (40), and irradiated to the sample (3) for detecting hair, The transmitted light (42) or reflected light (43) after the interaction is separated into polarized light by the ultrahigh frequency receiver (44), separated and analyzed, and analyzed by the analyzer (45), and the result is displayed on the display. Displayed at (46).
　図２１の態様においては、超高周波発信器（４７）から、無偏光または異なる偏光を含む単数または複数の周波数帯の超高周波（４８）を発信し、毛髪を検出せんとする試料（３）に照射し、試料と相互作用した後の透過光（４９）、または反射光（５０）を、それぞれの周波数で、超高周波受信器（５１）で異なる偏光に分離して受信、分析装置（５２）で解析し、結果を表示器（５３）で表示する。 In the embodiment of FIG. 21, an ultra-high frequency transmitter (47) transmits an ultra-high frequency (48) of one or a plurality of frequency bands including non-polarized light or different polarized light to a sample (3) for detecting hair. The transmitted light (49) or reflected light (50) after irradiation and interaction with the sample is separated into different polarized light by the ultrahigh frequency receiver (51) at each frequency, and is received and analyzed (52). And the result is displayed on the display (53).
　毛髪等以外の繊維状の物質については、その物質が吸収を示す固有周波数を調べておいて、本発明の方法で同様に検出できる。 For fibrous substances other than hair, etc., the natural frequency at which the substance exhibits absorption can be examined and detected in the same manner by the method of the present invention.
　本発明の方法で検出できる検体は、超高周波電磁波がある程度透過できる検体であればよい。特にテラヘルツ波は、Ｘ線よりもエネルギーは小さいがある程度の透過性を有することが知られており、本発明ではこの透過性を利用して毛髪等の繊維状の物質の検出を行う。 The specimen that can be detected by the method of the present invention may be a specimen that can transmit ultrahigh-frequency electromagnetic waves to some extent. In particular, terahertz waves are known to have a certain degree of permeability although energy is smaller than that of X-rays. In the present invention, fibrous substances such as hair are detected using this permeability.
　本発明の方法に使用される装置は、超高周波電磁波の発信器と受信器を有するものである。 The apparatus used in the method of the present invention has a transmitter and receiver for ultra-high frequency electromagnetic waves.
　超高周波電磁波の発信器は、公知のものを用いることができ、テラヘルツ波の場合は、フェムト秒レーザ励起テラヘルツ光源（ＬＴ－ＧａＡｓＰＣアンテナ、非線形光学結晶など）、ショットキーバリアダイオード逓倍器、後進波管などを用いることができる。
受信器は、テラヘルツ波を電気信号に変換するものであり、テラヘルツ波の場合は、フェムト秒レーザ励起テラヘルツ光源と組み合わせてＬＴ－ＧａＡｓＰＣアンテナ、電気光学結晶（ＺｎＴｅ、ＤＡＳＴなど）を用い、またその他の発信器と組み合わせてショットキーバリアーダイオード検出器、冷却ボロメータなどを用いることができる。 A known high-frequency electromagnetic wave transmitter can be used. In the case of a terahertz wave, a femtosecond laser-excited terahertz light source (such as an LT-GaAsPC antenna or a nonlinear optical crystal), a Schottky barrier diode multiplier, a backward wave A tube or the like can be used.
The receiver converts a terahertz wave into an electric signal. In the case of a terahertz wave, an LT-GaAsPC antenna, an electro-optic crystal (ZnTe, DAST, etc.) is used in combination with a femtosecond laser-pumped terahertz light source. A Schottky barrier diode detector, a cooling bolometer, or the like can be used in combination with the transmitter.
本発明に使用される装置の一例を図１に示す。
　この装置は、レーザ発信器、テラヘルツ発信器、可変光学遅延路、ビームスプリッタ、ビーム結合器、テラヘルツ受信器、信号処理装置およびパソコンからなっている。レーザー発信器はフェムト秒レーザである。発信されたレーザ光は、ビームスプリッタで２方向に分けられ、一方のポンプ光と呼ばれるビーム光はテラヘルツ発信器に入る。超短パルスのポンプ光により、テラヘルツ光源が励起され、超短パルスのテラヘルツ波が放射される。テラヘルツ波がサブピコ秒の超短パルスであるため、放射された電磁波は数テラヘルツの広帯域のテラヘルツ波が合わさったものとなっている。また、テラヘルツ発信器の特性により、放射テラヘルツ波は偏光している。放射されたテラヘルツ波は、サンプルに照射される。図では省略したが、その際必要に応じ、テラヘルツ波は凹面鏡等の光学系を用いて、平行ビームにしたり、焦点を結ばせたりする。サンプルの位置を変えることによって、テラヘルツを照射する位置を変えることが行われる。サンプルを透過したテラヘルツ波はビーム結合器に到達する。 An example of an apparatus used in the present invention is shown in FIG.
This apparatus includes a laser transmitter, a terahertz transmitter, a variable optical delay path, a beam splitter, a beam combiner, a terahertz receiver, a signal processing device, and a personal computer. The laser transmitter is a femtosecond laser. The transmitted laser light is divided into two directions by a beam splitter, and one beam light called pump light enters the terahertz transmitter. The terahertz light source is excited by the ultrashort pulse pump light, and an ultrashort pulse terahertz wave is emitted. Since the terahertz wave is a sub-picosecond ultrashort pulse, the emitted electromagnetic wave is a combination of several terahertz broadband terahertz waves. Further, the radiated terahertz wave is polarized due to the characteristics of the terahertz transmitter. The radiated terahertz wave is irradiated to the sample. Although not shown in the figure, the terahertz wave is converted into a parallel beam or focused by using an optical system such as a concave mirror as necessary. By changing the position of the sample, the position where the terahertz is irradiated is changed. The terahertz wave that has passed through the sample reaches the beam combiner.
　ビームスプリッタで分けられたもう一方のプローブ光と呼ばれるビーム光は可変光学遅延路に入る。可変光学遅延路は、レーザ光が入射された方向に、レーザ光を反射して戻すリトロリフレクタを用いる。リトロリフレクタをレーザー光に平行に自動ステージ等により移動させ、プローブ光のパルスがビーム結合器に到達するまでの距離、即ち時間を変化させる。テラヘルツ波パルスに対し、プローブ光を合わせる時間を変化させながら、テラヘルツ波パルスとプローブ光パルスを合わせてテラヘルツ受信器に入射することにより、テラヘルツ受信器では、プローブ光とテラヘルツ波パルス合わさった瞬間のテラヘルツ波の電界を検出ことができるため、テラヘルツ波電界の波形を時間の関数として取得することができる。 The other beam light called the probe light divided by the beam splitter enters the variable optical delay path. The variable optical delay path uses a retro-reflector that reflects and returns the laser light in the direction in which the laser light is incident. The retroreflector is moved in parallel with the laser beam by an automatic stage or the like, and the distance until the pulse of the probe beam reaches the beam combiner, that is, the time is changed. The terahertz wave pulse and the probe light pulse are combined and incident on the terahertz receiver while changing the time to match the probe light to the terahertz wave pulse. Since the electric field of the terahertz wave can be detected, the waveform of the terahertz wave electric field can be acquired as a function of time.
　テラヘルツ受信器からの電気信号は、信号処理装置で同期整流、増幅等された後、そこに接続されているパソコン（ＰＣ）で解析、表示、蓄積される。 The electrical signal from the terahertz receiver is subjected to synchronous rectification, amplification, etc. by a signal processing device, and then analyzed, displayed, and stored by a personal computer (PC) connected thereto.
　図１に示す装置を測定に用いた。 The apparatus shown in FIG. 1 was used for the measurement.
　この装置は、テラヘルツ時間領域分光装置であり、励起光源には、中心波長７８０ｎｍのフェムト秒ファイバレーザ（イムラ社製品）、テラヘルツ発信器にはＬＴ－ＧａＡｓＰＣアンテナ（浜松ホトニクス社製品）、テラヘルツ受信器にはＺｎＴｅ結晶（ＪＸ日鉱日石金属社製品）を用い、レーザ光の偏光の検出のために、光学素子と光バランス検出器を用いた。テラヘルツ波の時間波形を得るため可変光学遅延路が用いられる。 This device is a terahertz time domain spectroscopic device. The pumping light source is a femtosecond fiber laser with a central wavelength of 780 nm (Imura), the terahertz transmitter is an LT-GaAsPC antenna (Hamamatsu Photonics), and the terahertz receiver. A ZnTe crystal (manufactured by JX Nippon Mining & Metals) was used for the detection, and an optical element and an optical balance detector were used for detecting the polarization of the laser beam. A variable optical delay path is used to obtain a time waveform of the terahertz wave.
　サンプルに使用した毛髪は、黒色で中太で断面が平たい太さ約９５μｍのものを用いた。 The hair used for the sample was black, medium-thick, with a flat cross section of about 95 μm.
　毛髪は、外径Φ２５ｍｍ、内径Φ９ｍｍの保持リング上に貼付け、図２に示すように固定した（１本の例）。 The hair was affixed on a holding ring having an outer diameter of Φ25 mm and an inner diameter of Φ9 mm, and fixed as shown in FIG. 2 (one example).
　測定は、テラヘルツ波をその電界方向を毛髪と垂直方向と平行方向にしてそれぞれ８回ずつ行い、得られた結果を図３と図４に示す。そして、その標準偏差を図５に、平均値を図６に示す。 The measurement was performed 8 times each with terahertz waves with the direction of the electric field parallel to the direction perpendicular to the hair, and the results obtained are shown in FIGS. The standard deviation is shown in FIG. 5, and the average value is shown in FIG.
　図６において、色の薄い線が電界に垂直、色の濃い線が電界に平行の測定結果を示している。図６から明らかなように、透過率はサンプルの方向（ＴＨＺ波の偏光方向）によって差があり、測定値には方向依存性があることが確認された。また、電界に平行方向が垂直方向よりも低い透過率を示す傾向が全サンプルで確認でき、毛髪が偏光素子として作用していることも明らかになった。 In FIG. 6, the measurement result is shown in which the light line is perpendicular to the electric field and the dark line is parallel to the electric field. As is apparent from FIG. 6, the transmittance varies depending on the direction of the sample (the polarization direction of the TH Z wave), and it was confirmed that the measured value has direction dependency. Moreover, the tendency for the parallel direction to an electric field to show the transmittance | permeability lower than a perpendicular direction can be confirmed by all the samples, and it became clear that the hair is acting as a polarizing element.
　図６のスペクトルに示すように、０．６～０．９ＴＨＺ帯、１．２～１．６ＴＨＺ帯および１．７～２．４ＴＨＺ帯に毛髪固有の凹のピークが現われている。特筆すべきことは、図６に示すように、１本の毛髪であっても本発明の方法で検出できることが確認できたことである。 As shown in the spectrum of FIG. 6, concave peaks peculiar to hair appear in the 0.6 to 0.9 TH Z band, the 1.2 to 1.6 TH Z band, and the 1.7 to 2.4 TH Z band. What should be noted is that, as shown in FIG. 6, even a single hair can be detected by the method of the present invention.
　また、図３と図４に示すように、電界に垂直方向、電界に平行方向のいずれも測定結果の再現性は極めて高い。 As shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, the reproducibility of the measurement results is extremely high both in the direction perpendicular to the electric field and in the direction parallel to the electric field.
　次に、実施例１と同じ装置を用いて毛髪の位置が透過率に与える影響を検討した。 Next, the effect of the position of the hair on the transmittance was examined using the same apparatus as in Example 1.
　２本の異なる毛髪サンプル（＜１＞と＜２＞）を、０．３～０．５ｍｍの間隔で位置を変えてＴＨＺ波の電界方向に、図１０のＡ、Ｂ又はＣの位置に固定して透過率を測定した。得られたスペクトルを図１２と図１３に示す。 Two different hair samples (<1> and <2>) are repositioned at intervals of 0.3 to 0.5 mm in the direction of the electric field of the TH Z wave, and at the position of A, B or C in FIG. The transmittance was measured after fixing. The obtained spectrum is shown in FIGS.
　下の表１に示すように、ホイヘンスフレネルの原理から、高い周波数ほど回折限界のビーム径が小さくなる。図１０に示す毛髪の位置に、図１１に示すＴＨＺビームを照射すると、図１２及び１３に示すように、低周波側ではビーム径が大きいためＡ、Ｂ、Ｃどの測定位置でも同様の透過率を示す。一方、高周波側ではビーム中心近くに当たらない位置（図１１のＡやＢの位置）と当たる位置（図１１のＣの位置）における透過率に違いが生じる。具体的には、毛髪がビーム径内の中心点に近い程（図１１のＣの位置）、１．５～２．０ＴＨｚ帯における透過率が最も低くなる。 As shown in Table 1 below, from the Huygens Fresnel principle, the higher the frequency, the smaller the beam diameter at the diffraction limit. When the position of the hair shown in FIG. 10 is irradiated with the TH Z beam shown in FIG. 11, as shown in FIGS. 12 and 13, since the beam diameter is large on the low frequency side, the same transmission is performed at any measurement position of A, B, and C. Indicates the rate. On the other hand, on the high frequency side, there is a difference in transmittance between a position that does not hit the beam center (position A or B in FIG. 11) and a position that hits (position C in FIG. 11). Specifically, the closer the hair is to the center point within the beam diameter (position C in FIG. 11), the lowest transmittance in the 1.5 to 2.0 THz band.
　すなわち、テラヘルツ波の計測点を移動させながら透過率の測定を行い、１．５～２．０ＴＨｚ帯において、最も透過率の低くなった時の計測点の位置に、毛髪があることを特定することが出来る。 That is, the transmittance is measured while moving the terahertz wave measurement point, and the hair is located at the position of the measurement point when the transmittance is lowest in the 1.5 to 2.0 THz band. I can do it.
Figure JPOXMLDOC01-appb-T000001
Figure JPOXMLDOC01-appb-T000001
　本発明によれば、食品や医薬品の内部に混入した毛髪等の繊維状の物質の検出という点のみならず、生体高分子繊維の生化学や健康状態のモニター等の分野でも幅広く活用できる。 According to the present invention, it can be widely used not only in the detection of fibrous substances such as hair mixed in foods and pharmaceuticals, but also in fields such as biochemistry of biopolymer fibers and health status monitoring.
　１．超高周波発信器
　２．超高周波
　３．毛髪
　４．超高周波
　５．超高周波受信器
　６．分析装置
　７．表示器
　８．超高周波発信器
　９．０．２～３ＴＨＺのテラヘルツ波
１０．超高周波
１１．超高周波受信器
１２．分析装置
１３．表示器
１４．超高周波発信器
１５．０．６～０．９ＴＨＺ帯、１．２～１．６ＴＨＺ帯および１．７～２．４ＴＨＺ帯の超高周波
１６．超高周波
１７．超高周波受信器
１８．分析装置
１９．表示器
２０．超高周波発信器
２１．偏光成分を持つ超高周波
２２．超高周波
２３．超高周波受信器
２４．分析装置
２５．表示器
２６．超高周波発信器
２７．偏光の異なる広帯域の超高周波
２８．透過光
２９．反射光
３０．超高周波受信器
３１．分析装置
３２．表示器
３３．超高周波発信器
３４．偏光の異なる単数または複数の周波数帯の超高周波
３５．透過光
３６．反射光
３７．超高周波受信器
３８．分析装置
３９．表示器
４０．超高周波発信器
４１．無偏光または異なる偏光を含む広帯域の超高周波
４２．透過光
４３．反射光
４４．超高周波受信器
４５．分析装置
４６．表示器
４７．超高周波発信器
４８．無偏光または異なる偏光を含む単数または複数の周波数帯の超高周波
４９．透過光
５０．反射光
５１．超高周波受信器
５２．分析装置
５３．表示器 1. Ultra high frequency transmitter Ultra high frequency Hair 4. 4. Super high frequency Ultra high frequency receiver 6. Analysis device 7. Display 8. Ultra-high frequency transmitter 9. Terahertz wave of 0.2 to 3 TH Z 10. Ultra-high frequency11. Ultra-high frequency receiver 12. Analyzer 13. Indicator 14. Ultra-high frequency transmitter 15.0.6-0.9 TH Z band, 1.2-1.6 TH Z band and 1.7-2.4 TH Z band Ultra-high frequency 17. Super high frequency receiver 18. Analyzer 19. Indicator 20. Super high frequency transmitter 21. 21. Super high frequency with polarization component Super-high frequency23. Super high frequency receiver 24. Analyzer 25. Indicator 26. Super high frequency transmitter 27. Broadband ultra-high frequency with different polarization 28. Transmitted light 29. Reflected light 30. Ultra-high frequency receiver 31. Analyzer 32. Indicator 33. Super high frequency transmitter 34. Ultra-high frequency in one or more frequency bands with different polarizations 35. Transmitted light 36. Reflected light 37. Ultra-high frequency receiver 38. Analyzer 39. Indicator 40. Ultra-high frequency transmitter 41. Broadband ultra-high frequency including unpolarized or different polarized light 42. Transmitted light 43. Reflected light 44. Ultra-high frequency receiver 45. Analyzer 46. Display 47. Super high frequency transmitter 48. Ultra-high frequency in one or more frequency bands including unpolarized light or different polarized light 49. Transmitted light 50. Reflected light 51. Ultra-high frequency receiver 52. Analyzer 53. display

Claims (17)

  1. 　超高周波電磁波を用いることを特徴とする、毛髪等の繊維状物質を検出する方法。 A method for detecting fibrous substances such as hair, characterized by using ultra-high frequency electromagnetic waves.
  2. 　繊維状物質を含有する検体に、少なくとも０．６～０．９ＴＨＺ帯、１．２～１．６ＴＨＺ帯または１．７～２．４ＴＨＺ帯のいずれかの周波数帯に含まれる周波数を有するテラヘルツ波を照射し、検体から発せられる該周波数帯の出射光を測定することを特徴とする繊維状物質の検出方法。 A specimen containing a fibrous material has at least a frequency included in any frequency band of 0.6 to 0.9 TH Z band, 1.2 to 1.6 TH Z band, or 1.7 to 2.4 TH Z band. A method for detecting a fibrous substance, which comprises irradiating a terahertz wave having the measured frequency and measuring emitted light in the frequency band emitted from a specimen.
  3. 　テラヘルツ波の有する周波数帯が０．６～０．９ＴＨＺ帯である請求項２記載の繊維状物質の検出方法。 The method for detecting a fibrous substance according to claim 2, wherein the frequency band of the terahertz wave is 0.6 to 0.9 TH Z band.
  4. 　テラヘルツ波の有する周波数帯が１．２～１．６ＴＨＺ帯である請求項２記載の繊維状物質の検出方法。 The method for detecting a fibrous substance according to claim 2, wherein the frequency band of the terahertz wave is 1.2 to 1.6 TH Z band.
  5. 　テラヘルツ波の有する周波数帯が１．７～２．４ＴＨＺ帯である請求項２記載の繊維状物質の検出方法。 The method for detecting a fibrous substance according to claim 2, wherein the frequency band of the terahertz wave is 1.7 to 2.4 TH Z band.
  6. 　出射光が繊維状物質の透過光である請求項２記載の繊維状物質の検出方法。 The method for detecting a fibrous substance according to claim 2, wherein the emitted light is transmitted light of the fibrous substance.
  7. 　出射光が繊維状物質からの反射光である請求項２記載の繊維状物質の検出方法。 The method for detecting a fibrous substance according to claim 2, wherein the emitted light is reflected light from the fibrous substance.
  8. 　テラヘルツ波の偏光方向が直交する２つの偏光波であり、２つの偏光波の繊維状物質の透過率あるいは反射率を測定して、その透過率の差あるいは反射率の差を求めることである請求項２記載の繊維状物質の検出方法。 Claims are two polarized waves whose polarization directions of terahertz waves are orthogonal to each other, and the transmittance or reflectance of the fibrous material of the two polarized waves is measured to determine the difference in transmittance or the difference in reflectance. Item 3. A method for detecting a fibrous substance according to Item 2.
  9. 　前記透過率の差あるいは反射率の差が０．６～０．９ＴＨＺ帯では少なくとも２％、１．２～１．６ＴＨＺ帯では少なくとも４％、１．７～２．４ＴＨＺ帯では少なくとも６％である請求項８記載の繊維状物質の検出方法。 The difference in transmittance or reflectance is at least 2% in the 0.6 to 0.9 TH Z band, at least 4% in the 1.2 to 1.6 TH Z band, and at least in the 1.7 to 2.4 TH Z band. The method for detecting a fibrous substance according to claim 8, which is 6%.
  10. 　透過光又は反射光を、照射するテラヘルツ波の偏光の方向を変えながら検出する請求項８又は９記載の繊維状物質の検出方法。 The method for detecting a fibrous substance according to claim 8 or 9, wherein transmitted light or reflected light is detected while changing the direction of polarization of the irradiated terahertz wave.
  11. 　透過光または反射光を、照射するテラヘルツ波の計測点を移動させながら検出する請求項８乃至１０記載の繊維状物質の検出方法。 The method for detecting a fibrous substance according to claim 8, wherein transmitted light or reflected light is detected while moving a measurement point of the terahertz wave to be irradiated.
  12. 　繊維状物質が毛髪である請求項２乃至１１記載の繊維状物質の検出方法。 The method for detecting a fibrous substance according to claim 2, wherein the fibrous substance is hair.
  13. 　少なくとも０．６～０．９ＴＨＺ帯、１．２～１．６ＴＨＺ帯または１．７～２．４ＴＨＺ帯の周波数を発信するテラヘルツ発信器、該テラヘルツ発信器から検体に照射されて検体から出射された少なくとも０．６～０．９ＴＨＺ帯、１．２～１．６ＴＨＺ帯または１．７～２．４ＴＨＺ帯の周波数のテラヘルツ波を受信する受信器よりなる繊維状物質の検出装置。 A terahertz transmitter that transmits a frequency of at least 0.6 to 0.9 TH Z band, 1.2 to 1.6 TH Z band, or 1.7 to 2.4 TH Z band, and a sample irradiated from the terahertz transmitter to the sample A fibrous material comprising a receiver for receiving terahertz waves having a frequency of at least 0.6 to 0.9 TH Z band, 1.2 to 1.6 TH Z band, or 1.7 to 2.4 TH Z band emitted from Detection device.
  14. 　テラヘルツ波のビーム径内の中心点と中心点付近の吸収強度の差（請求項８記載の透過率あるいは反射率の差）から、繊維状物質の位置を特定する方法。 A method for specifying the position of a fibrous substance from the difference in absorption intensity between the center point within the beam diameter of the terahertz wave and the vicinity of the center point (difference in transmittance or reflectance according to claim 8).
  15. 前記吸収強度の差を測定する周波数帯が、１．５ＴＨｚ～２．０ＴＨｚ帯である請求項１４の方法。 The method according to claim 14, wherein a frequency band for measuring the difference in absorption intensity is a 1.5 THz to 2.0 THz band.
  16. 前記吸収強度の差が、１．５ＴＨｚ～２．０ＴＨｚ帯で最も大きくなった時の計測点の位置に繊維状物質が存在することを特定する請求項１４又は１５の方法。 The method according to claim 14 or 15, wherein a fibrous substance is specified at a position of a measurement point when the difference in absorption intensity is greatest in a 1.5 THz to 2.0 THz band.
  17. 繊維状物質が毛髪である請求項１４乃至１６の方法。 The method of claims 14 to 16, wherein the fibrous material is hair.
PCT/JP2014/000967 2013-02-26 2014-02-25 Method and device for detecting fibrous materials such as hair WO2014132620A1 (en)

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