WO2014132231A1 - A luminescent photovoltaic module - Google Patents

A luminescent photovoltaic module Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2014132231A1
WO2014132231A1 PCT/IB2014/059330 IB2014059330W WO2014132231A1 WO 2014132231 A1 WO2014132231 A1 WO 2014132231A1 IB 2014059330 W IB2014059330 W IB 2014059330W WO 2014132231 A1 WO2014132231 A1 WO 2014132231A1
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Prior art keywords
core
absorber
module
module according
photovoltaic
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PCT/IB2014/059330
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French (fr)
Inventor
Olgierd Jeremiasz
Wojciech NIKIEL
Original Assignee
Helioenergia Sp. Z O.O.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
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Application filed by Helioenergia Sp. Z O.O. filed Critical Helioenergia Sp. Z O.O.
Publication of WO2014132231A1 publication Critical patent/WO2014132231A1/en

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
    • H01L31/04—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices
    • H01L31/054—Optical elements directly associated or integrated with the PV cell, e.g. light-reflecting means or light-concentrating means
    • H01L31/055—Optical elements directly associated or integrated with the PV cell, e.g. light-reflecting means or light-concentrating means where light is absorbed and re-emitted at a different wavelength by the optical element directly associated or integrated with the PV cell, e.g. by using luminescent material, fluorescent concentrators or up-conversion arrangements
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
    • H01L31/04—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices
    • H01L31/054—Optical elements directly associated or integrated with the PV cell, e.g. light-reflecting means or light-concentrating means
    • H01L31/0547—Optical elements directly associated or integrated with the PV cell, e.g. light-reflecting means or light-concentrating means comprising light concentrating means of the reflecting type, e.g. parabolic mirrors, concentrators using total internal reflection
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
    • Y02E10/52—PV systems with concentrators

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a photovoltaic module used in particular for generating electric energy from solar energy.
  • the patent description US 4149902 discloses a fluorescent concentrator of solar energy which comprises a flat (planar) glass or plastic module covered with layers of fluorescent material. Photovoltaic cells are situated along side edges of said module.
  • the aim of the present invention is to devise a photovoltaic module which is simple and inexpensive to produce and highly effective in generating energy.
  • the present invention relates to a photovoltaic module comprising a luminescent solar concentrator utilised to convert solar light and at least one photovoltaic cell.
  • the concentrator comprises a core to transport light and an absorber layer with a luminescent dye, wherein the refractive index of the absorber is lower than the refractive index of the core, and the photovoltaic cell or cells are planary distributed on the surface of the module.
  • the photovoltaic cell can be mounted on the rear surface of the module, which is the surface opposite to the surface exposed to the sun radiation. It is also possible to mount the photovoltaic cell or cells on the front of the module if bifacial cells including a transparent rear electrode are used.
  • the thickness of the absorber layer be at least ten times smaller than the thickness of the core layer.
  • the core be made from glass and the absorber be made from polymethyl methacrylate.
  • n2 - refractive index in the core It is also advisable that the side edges of the module be covered with a reflective coating transmitting light inside.
  • the core of the module can have a multilayer structure.
  • the module have an additional reflective coating behind the photovoltaic cell.
  • the surface of the photovoltaic cells is 15 - 60% of the absorber surface.
  • the photovoltaic module according to the invention is very simple in terms of structure and is inexpensive to produce.
  • the photovoltaic cell is mounted on the rear, flat surface of the module, which results in the fact that more solar radiation reaches the cell than in other devices known from the state of the art where photovoltaic cells are mounted on side edges of the module.
  • Solar radiation reaches the photovoltaic cells both directly and indirectly, owing to the proposed at least two-layer structure of the module, wherein at least one layer doped with a luminescent dye and one layer being the core.
  • the absorber layer is made from acrylic polymer, whereas the core be made from glass, which results in an advantageous difference in refractive indices: nl app. 1.49 and n2 app. 1.50 to 1.58.
  • both the core and the absorber can be made from other materials, such as, for example, modified polycarbonate or polymethyl methacrylate, but the modifications must result in achieving the difference in refractive indices of core and absorber materials.
  • the new structure of the module permits to increase the size of the modules due to the fact that the photovoltaic cells can be distributed in a more flexible manner.
  • the dimensions of the modules can significantly exceed 100 - 150 cm without losing efficiency in generating energy. It has been empirically proven that it is most preferable that the surface of the photovoltaic cells is 15 - 60% of the absorber surface. Then cells can be distributed periodically, depending on the individual design in such a manner that average light paths from the place of absorption of light to the cell are optimal. What is more, so configured cells are additionally powered by the adjacent module fields. The closer the cells are distributed, the more efficient the module is. To further enhance the efficiency of the module, it can be equipped with reflective coatings.
  • efficiency of a module also depends on the relation of the thickness of the absorber layer to the core layer, wherein it is advisable that the thickness of the absorber layer be at least ten times smaller than the thickness of the core layer and on the above mention relation concerning the minimum width of the cell.
  • the core have a multi-layer form.
  • fig. 1 shows a cross section of a part of the module in the first embodiment
  • fig. 2 shows a cross section of a part of the module in another embodiment
  • fig. 3 shows an embodiment of the core in the form of a multi-layer structure
  • fig. 4 shows a cross section of a part of the module in yet another embodiment with a schematically marked route of photons (of light) within the module
  • fig. 5 is a schematic front view of the module with an exemplary distribution of cells
  • fig. 6 shows another cross section of the module with reflective coatings.
  • the photovoltaic module 1 comprises a core 2 used to transfer light and an optically connected therewith absorber layer 3 doped with a luminescent dye (fig. 1) which performs the function of a luminescent concentrator.
  • the refractive index of the absorber is smaller than the refractive index of the core.
  • Fig. 2 shows the photovoltaic module 1 in another embodiment, wherein the photovoltaic cell 4 is also planary mounted on the rear surface of the module 1 but the core 2 and the absorber layer 3 are reversed in relation to the embodiment shown in fig. 1 and the photovoltaic cell 4 is mounted on the core 3.
  • Fig. 4 shows the photovoltaic module 1 in another embodiment similar to the embodiment shown in fig. 1, but the photovoltaic cell 4 is mounted in a recess in the absorber layer 3 in such a manner that it creates one layer with the absorber layer.
  • the core 2 may be made as a monolithic layer or as a multi-layer structure comprising several layers, at least two.
  • fig. 3 shows the core 2 consisting of three layers 2a, 2b, 2c.
  • the multilayer structure enhances the durability of the core 2 and therefore the durability of the module 1 is enhanced as well.
  • Fig. 5 shows a schematic exemplary distribution of an array of the photovoltaic cells 4 on the module 1.
  • this example does not limit the scope of the invention in any way.
  • - thickness dlof the absorber layer 3 is at least 10 times smaller than the thickness of the core layer 2;
  • the side edges of the module 1 are coated with a reflective mirror coating 5 reflecting light to the inside;
  • the module 1 has an additional diffusive reflective coating 6, located behind the photovoltaic cell 4;
  • the surface of the photovoltaic cells is 15 - 60% of the absorber surface, for example 20.
  • Fig. 6 shows the embodiment of the module 1 with side edges covered with the mirror reflective coating 5 reflecting light to the inside of the module 1 and an additional diffusive reflective coating 6 located behind the photovoltaic cell 4.

Abstract

A photovoltaic module (1) according to the invention has a core (2) for transporting light, an absorber layer (3) doped with a luminescent dye, wherein said absorber performs the function of a concentrator and at least one photovoltaic cell (4). The refractive index of the absorber (3) is smaller than the refractive index of the core (2), and the photovoltaic cell or cells (4) is/are planary located on the surface of the module (1).

Description

A LUMINESCENT PHOTOVOLTAIC MODULE
The invention relates to a photovoltaic module used in particular for generating electric energy from solar energy.
For example, the patent description US 4149902 discloses a fluorescent concentrator of solar energy which comprises a flat (planar) glass or plastic module covered with layers of fluorescent material. Photovoltaic cells are situated along side edges of said module.
Moreover, the patent descriptions US 4227939 and US20090126778 disclose solar energy concentrators comprising modules in the form of cambered sheets.
The aim of the present invention is to devise a photovoltaic module which is simple and inexpensive to produce and highly effective in generating energy.
The present invention relates to a photovoltaic module comprising a luminescent solar concentrator utilised to convert solar light and at least one photovoltaic cell. The essence of the invention is that in said module the concentrator comprises a core to transport light and an absorber layer with a luminescent dye, wherein the refractive index of the absorber is lower than the refractive index of the core, and the photovoltaic cell or cells are planary distributed on the surface of the module.
The photovoltaic cell can be mounted on the rear surface of the module, which is the surface opposite to the surface exposed to the sun radiation. It is also possible to mount the photovoltaic cell or cells on the front of the module if bifacial cells including a transparent rear electrode are used.
It is advisable that the thickness of the absorber layer be at least ten times smaller than the thickness of the core layer.
It is most preferable that the core be made from glass and the absorber be made from polymethyl methacrylate.
It is also advisable that the minimum width of a cell be expressed according to the following formula:
Figure imgf000003_0001
tan(90- (sm→(j¾))) wherein:
W - minimum width of the photovoltaic cell [ mm ] dl- thickness of the absorber [ mm ]
d2 - thickness of the core [ mm ]
nl- refractive index in the absorber
n2 - refractive index in the core. It is also advisable that the side edges of the module be covered with a reflective coating transmitting light inside.
Preferably, the core of the module can have a multilayer structure.
It is also advisable that the module have an additional reflective coating behind the photovoltaic cell.
It is also advisable that the surface of the photovoltaic cells is 15 - 60% of the absorber surface.
The photovoltaic module according to the invention is very simple in terms of structure and is inexpensive to produce. The photovoltaic cell is mounted on the rear, flat surface of the module, which results in the fact that more solar radiation reaches the cell than in other devices known from the state of the art where photovoltaic cells are mounted on side edges of the module. Solar radiation reaches the photovoltaic cells both directly and indirectly, owing to the proposed at least two-layer structure of the module, wherein at least one layer doped with a luminescent dye and one layer being the core. It is most preferable that the absorber layer is made from acrylic polymer, whereas the core be made from glass, which results in an advantageous difference in refractive indices: nl app. 1.49 and n2 app. 1.50 to 1.58. This leads to an advantageous light path within the absorber - core structure. Owing to this when the complete width of the cell is appropriate, all of the generated photons reach the photovoltaic cell because the whole energy transmitted through the core is periodically reflected by the surface. This results in higher efficiency of the module and permits to reduce the number of costly photovoltaic cells. Both the core and the absorber can be made from other materials, such as, for example, modified polycarbonate or polymethyl methacrylate, but the modifications must result in achieving the difference in refractive indices of core and absorber materials. Furthermore, the new structure of the module permits to increase the size of the modules due to the fact that the photovoltaic cells can be distributed in a more flexible manner.
According to the invention the dimensions of the modules can significantly exceed 100 - 150 cm without losing efficiency in generating energy. It has been empirically proven that it is most preferable that the surface of the photovoltaic cells is 15 - 60% of the absorber surface. Then cells can be distributed periodically, depending on the individual design in such a manner that average light paths from the place of absorption of light to the cell are optimal. What is more, so configured cells are additionally powered by the adjacent module fields. The closer the cells are distributed, the more efficient the module is. To further enhance the efficiency of the module, it can be equipped with reflective coatings. As experience shows efficiency of a module also depends on the relation of the thickness of the absorber layer to the core layer, wherein it is advisable that the thickness of the absorber layer be at least ten times smaller than the thickness of the core layer and on the above mention relation concerning the minimum width of the cell. To improve the durability of the module it is advisable that the core have a multi-layer form.
The invention is presented in more detail in the following embodiments and in the attached schematic drawing, where fig. 1 shows a cross section of a part of the module in the first embodiment, fig. 2 shows a cross section of a part of the module in another embodiment, fig. 3 shows an embodiment of the core in the form of a multi-layer structure, fig. 4 shows a cross section of a part of the module in yet another embodiment with a schematically marked route of photons (of light) within the module, fig. 5 is a schematic front view of the module with an exemplary distribution of cells, and fig. 6 shows another cross section of the module with reflective coatings.
The photovoltaic module 1 according to the invention comprises a core 2 used to transfer light and an optically connected therewith absorber layer 3 doped with a luminescent dye (fig. 1) which performs the function of a luminescent concentrator. The refractive index of the absorber is smaller than the refractive index of the core. There is at least one photovoltaic cell 4 on the side of the absorber layer 3. Said cell 4 is planary mounted on the rear surface of the module 1 which means it is on the opposite side to the surface exposed to the sun radiation.
Fig. 2 shows the photovoltaic module 1 in another embodiment, wherein the photovoltaic cell 4 is also planary mounted on the rear surface of the module 1 but the core 2 and the absorber layer 3 are reversed in relation to the embodiment shown in fig. 1 and the photovoltaic cell 4 is mounted on the core 3.
Fig. 4 shows the photovoltaic module 1 in another embodiment similar to the embodiment shown in fig. 1, but the photovoltaic cell 4 is mounted in a recess in the absorber layer 3 in such a manner that it creates one layer with the absorber layer.
As for the embodiments presented above the core 2 may be made as a monolithic layer or as a multi-layer structure comprising several layers, at least two. For example, fig. 3 shows the core 2 consisting of three layers 2a, 2b, 2c. The multilayer structure enhances the durability of the core 2 and therefore the durability of the module 1 is enhanced as well. Fig. 5 shows a schematic exemplary distribution of an array of the photovoltaic cells 4 on the module 1. However, this example does not limit the scope of the invention in any way.
The effectiveness of the photovoltaic module according to the invention increases when the following conditions are fulfilled, and each of the conditions as well as all of them in any configuration refer to all of the above embodiments:
- thickness dlof the absorber layer 3 is at least 10 times smaller than the thickness of the core layer 2;
- the core 2 is made from glass with a refractive index of n2=1.52 and the absorber 3 is made of polymethyl methacrylate with a refractive index of nl=1.49, wherein both the core and the absorber can be made from other materials, for example from modified polycarbonate or polymethyl methacrylate, but the materials used in the modifications must retain the difference in refractive indices of the core and the absorber;
- the minimum width of the photovoltaic cell is expressed according to the following formula: 2 X (dl + d2)
w = =—
tan(90 - (sin-H¾))) wherein:
W - the minimum width of the photovoltaic cell [ mm ] dl- thickness of the absorber [ mm ]
d2 - thickness of the core [ mm ]
nl- refractive index in the absorber
n2 - refractive index in the core;
- the side edges of the module 1 are coated with a reflective mirror coating 5 reflecting light to the inside;
- the module 1 has an additional diffusive reflective coating 6, located behind the photovoltaic cell 4;
- the surface of the photovoltaic cells is 15 - 60% of the absorber surface, for example 20.
Fig. 6 shows the embodiment of the module 1 with side edges covered with the mirror reflective coating 5 reflecting light to the inside of the module 1 and an additional diffusive reflective coating 6 located behind the photovoltaic cell 4.
Exemplary values of the parameters presented hereby are in the table below: n2 dl d2 w dl/d2 mm mm mm
1.490 1.515 6 0.2 67.4 30.0
1.495 1.515 6 0.2 75.6 30.0
1.490 1.515 6 0.1 66.3 60.0
1.490 1.515 4 0.1 44.6 40.0
1.490 1.515 8 0.2 89.2 40.0
1.495 1.515 8 0.2 99.9 40.0
1.490 1.540 6 0.3 48.2 20.0
1.510 1.515 6 0.2 152.2 30.0
1.510 1.515 8 0.2 201.4 40.0
1.590 1.620 6 0.1 62.5 60.0
1.590 1.600 4 0.1 73.0 40.0
1.490 1.515 8 0.2 89.2 40.0
1.495 1.515 8 0.2 99.9 40.0
1.490 1.495 8 0.3 202.5 26.7

Claims

Claims
1. A photovoltaic module ( 1 ) comprising a luminescent solar concentrator for converting solar light and at least one photovoltaic cell, characterised in that said concentrator comprises a core ( 2 ) for transporting light and an absorber layer ( 3 ) doped with a luminescent dye, wherein the refractive index of the absorber ( 3 ) is smaller than the refractive index of the core ( 2 ) and the photovoltaic cell or cells ( 4 ) is/ are mounted planary on the surface of the module ( 1 ).
2. The module according to claim 1, characterised in that the thickness ( dl ) of the absorber layer ( 3 ) is at least 10 times smaller than the thickness ( d2 ) of the core layer ( 2 ).
3. The module according to claim 1 or 2, characterised in that the core ( 2 ) is preferably made from glass.
4. The module according to one of the claims 1 - 3, characterised in that the absorber (3) is preferably made from poly methyl methacrylate or polycarbonate.
5. The module according to one of the claims 1 - 4, characterised in that the minimum width ( W ) of the cell ( 4 ) is expressed according to the following formula: 2 X (dl + d2)
w = —Λ—
tan(90 - (sin-H¾)))
wherein:
W - minimum width of the photovoltaic cell
dl - thickness of the absorber
d2 - thickness of the core
n 1- refractive index in the absorber
n2 - refractive index in the core
6. The module according to one of the claims 1 - 5, characterised in that the side edges thereof are covered with a mirror reflective coating ( 5 ) reflecting light to the inside.
7. The module according to one of the claims 1 - 6, characterised in that the core ( 2 ) has the form of a multi-layer structure ( 2a, 2b, 2c ).
8. The module according to one of the claims 1 - 7, characterised in that it has an additional diffusive reflective coating ( 6 ) located behind the photovoltaic cell.
9. The module according to one of the claims 1 - 8, characterised in that the surface of the photovoltaic cells ( 4 ) constitutes 15 - 60% of the absorber surface ( 3 ).
PCT/IB2014/059330 2013-02-28 2014-02-28 A luminescent photovoltaic module WO2014132231A1 (en)

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EP3163629A1 (en) 2015-10-26 2017-05-03 ML SYSTEM Spólka Akcyjna A semi-elastic photovoltaic module
PL232342B1 (en) 2015-12-07 2019-06-28 Ryszard Roman Badecki Photovoltaic module with cooling system
PL235266B1 (en) * 2017-11-13 2020-06-15 Ml System Spolka Akcyjna Photovoltaic module with the waveguide transmission of light with increased universality of its application

Citations (7)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4149902A (en) 1977-07-27 1979-04-17 Eastman Kodak Company Fluorescent solar energy concentrator
US4190465A (en) * 1978-11-13 1980-02-26 Owens-Illinois, Inc. Luminescent solar collector structure
US4227939A (en) 1979-01-08 1980-10-14 California Institute Of Technology Luminescent solar energy concentrator devices
US20090126778A1 (en) 2007-11-20 2009-05-21 Sabic Innovative Plastics Ip B.V. Luminescent solar concentrators
US20110168236A1 (en) * 2009-06-16 2011-07-14 Winston Kong Chan Portable photovoltaics with scalable integrated concentrator of light energy
WO2011121503A1 (en) * 2010-03-29 2011-10-06 Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. Luminescent converter
US20120222723A1 (en) * 2010-11-05 2012-09-06 Spectrawatt, Inc. Solar Module Employing Quantum Luminescent Lateral Transfer Concentrator

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4149902A (en) 1977-07-27 1979-04-17 Eastman Kodak Company Fluorescent solar energy concentrator
US4190465A (en) * 1978-11-13 1980-02-26 Owens-Illinois, Inc. Luminescent solar collector structure
US4227939A (en) 1979-01-08 1980-10-14 California Institute Of Technology Luminescent solar energy concentrator devices
US20090126778A1 (en) 2007-11-20 2009-05-21 Sabic Innovative Plastics Ip B.V. Luminescent solar concentrators
US20110168236A1 (en) * 2009-06-16 2011-07-14 Winston Kong Chan Portable photovoltaics with scalable integrated concentrator of light energy
WO2011121503A1 (en) * 2010-03-29 2011-10-06 Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. Luminescent converter
US20120222723A1 (en) * 2010-11-05 2012-09-06 Spectrawatt, Inc. Solar Module Employing Quantum Luminescent Lateral Transfer Concentrator

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
SAKUTA K ET AL: "LUMINESCENT CONCENTRATOR MODULE OF A PRACTICAL SIZE", WORLD CONFERENCE ON PHOTOVOLTAIC ENERGY. WAIKOLOA, DEC. 5 - 9, 1994; [WORLD CONFERENCE ON PHOTOVOLTAIC ENERGY], NEW YORK, IEEE, US, vol. CONF. 1, 5 December 1994 (1994-12-05), pages 1115 - 1118, XP000681369 *

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