WO2014097537A1 - 水素生成装置、これを備える燃料電池システム、水素生成装置の運転方法、及び燃料電池システムの運転方法 - Google Patents
水素生成装置、これを備える燃料電池システム、水素生成装置の運転方法、及び燃料電池システムの運転方法 Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/06—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues
- H01M8/0606—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants
- H01M8/0612—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants from carbon-containing material
- H01M8/0618—Reforming processes, e.g. autothermal, partial oxidation or steam reforming
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
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- C01B3/00—Hydrogen; Gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen; Separation of hydrogen from mixtures containing it; Purification of hydrogen
- C01B3/02—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen
- C01B3/32—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air
- C01B3/34—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents
- C01B3/38—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents using catalysts
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- C01B3/00—Hydrogen; Gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen; Separation of hydrogen from mixtures containing it; Purification of hydrogen
- C01B3/02—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen
- C01B3/32—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air
- C01B3/34—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents
- C01B3/38—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents using catalysts
- C01B3/384—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents using catalysts the catalyst being continuously externally heated
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- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
- H01M8/0444—Concentration; Density
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- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
- H01M8/04746—Pressure; Flow
- H01M8/04776—Pressure; Flow at auxiliary devices, e.g. reformer, compressor, burner
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- H01M8/086—Phosphoric acid fuel cells [PAFC]
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- H01M8/1016—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes characterised by the electrolyte material
- H01M8/1018—Polymeric electrolyte materials
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- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/12—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes operating at high temperature, e.g. with stabilised ZrO2 electrolyte
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J2219/00049—Controlling or regulating processes
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
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- B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J2219/00049—Controlling or regulating processes
- B01J2219/00051—Controlling the temperature
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
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- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/02—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/0205—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas containing a reforming step
- C01B2203/0227—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas containing a reforming step containing a catalytic reforming step
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- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/02—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/0205—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas containing a reforming step
- C01B2203/0227—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas containing a reforming step containing a catalytic reforming step
- C01B2203/0233—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas containing a reforming step containing a catalytic reforming step the reforming step being a steam reforming step
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- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/08—Methods of heating or cooling
- C01B2203/0805—Methods of heating the process for making hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/0811—Methods of heating the process for making hydrogen or synthesis gas by combustion of fuel
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- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/12—Feeding the process for making hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/1205—Composition of the feed
- C01B2203/1211—Organic compounds or organic mixtures used in the process for making hydrogen or synthesis gas
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- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/16—Controlling the process
- C01B2203/1695—Adjusting the feed of the combustion
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M2008/1095—Fuel cells with polymeric electrolytes
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/12—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes operating at high temperature, e.g. with stabilised ZrO2 electrolyte
- H01M2008/1293—Fuel cells with solid oxide electrolytes
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2300/00—Electrolytes
- H01M2300/0002—Aqueous electrolytes
- H01M2300/0005—Acid electrolytes
- H01M2300/0008—Phosphoric acid-based
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- H01M2300/00—Electrolytes
- H01M2300/0017—Non-aqueous electrolytes
- H01M2300/0065—Solid electrolytes
- H01M2300/0068—Solid electrolytes inorganic
- H01M2300/0071—Oxides
- H01M2300/0074—Ion conductive at high temperature
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- H01M2300/00—Electrolytes
- H01M2300/0017—Non-aqueous electrolytes
- H01M2300/0065—Solid electrolytes
- H01M2300/0082—Organic polymers
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a hydrogen generator, a fuel cell system including the same, a method for operating the hydrogen generator, and a method for operating the fuel cell system.
- a hydrogen generator having a reformer is usually provided. Further, the hydrogen generator is provided with a combustor that burns fuel or the like that has not been used in the fuel cell and heats the reformer.
- a fuel cell system including a carbon monoxide sensor that detects a concentration of carbon monoxide contained in exhaust gas discharged from a combustion unit is known (for example, see Patent Document 1).
- the fuel cell system when the detection sensitivity is to be inspected using the inspection gas, the fuel cell system must be provided with an inspection gas supply facility. This leads to an increase in the size and cost of the fuel cell system, which is not preferable. Also, if the fuel cell system is not equipped with an inspection gas supply facility, the inspection gas supply facility must be transported to the place where the fuel cell system is installed, and the CO detector detection sensitivity inspection work There is a problem that becomes complicated.
- the present invention solves the above-mentioned conventional problems, and can perform a detection sensitivity test of a CO detector more easily than in the past, a hydrogen generator, a fuel cell system including the hydrogen generator, a method for operating the hydrogen generator, And it aims at providing the operating method of a fuel cell system.
- a hydrogen generator of the present invention includes a reformer that generates a hydrogen-containing gas by a reforming reaction, a combustor that heats the reformer, and air to the combustor.
- An air supply to be supplied; a fuel supply for supplying fuel to the combustor; a CO detector for detecting a carbon monoxide concentration in combustion exhaust gas discharged from the combustor; the air supply and the fuel A controller that controls at least one of the feeders and increases an air ratio in the combustor so as to increase a CO concentration in the combustion exhaust gas, and then checks an abnormality of the CO detector. .
- the detection sensitivity inspection of the CO detector can be executed more easily than before.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram illustrating an example of a schematic configuration of the hydrogen generator of the first embodiment.
- FIG. 2 is a flowchart showing an example of a schematic operation of the hydrogen generator of the first embodiment.
- FIG. 3 is a flowchart illustrating an example of a schematic operation of the hydrogen generator of the second embodiment.
- FIG. 4 is a flowchart showing an example of a schematic operation of the hydrogen generator of the third embodiment.
- FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram illustrating an example of a schematic configuration of the hydrogen generator of the fourth embodiment.
- FIG. 6 is a flowchart illustrating an example of a schematic operation of the hydrogen generator of the fourth embodiment.
- FIG. 7 is a flowchart illustrating an example of a schematic operation of the hydrogen generator according to the fifth embodiment.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram illustrating an example of a schematic configuration of the hydrogen generator of the first embodiment.
- FIG. 2 is a flowchart showing an example of a schematic operation of the hydrogen generator of the first embodiment.
- FIG. 8 is a flowchart illustrating an example of a schematic operation of the hydrogen generator according to the sixth embodiment.
- FIG. 9 is a flowchart illustrating an example of a schematic operation of the hydrogen generator according to the seventh embodiment.
- FIG. 10 is a flowchart illustrating an example of a schematic operation of the hydrogen generator according to the eighth embodiment.
- FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram illustrating an example of a schematic configuration of the hydrogen generator of the ninth embodiment.
- FIG. 12 is a flowchart illustrating an example of a schematic operation of the hydrogen generator according to the ninth embodiment.
- FIG. 13 is a schematic diagram illustrating an example of a schematic configuration of the hydrogen generator of the tenth embodiment.
- FIG. 14 is a flowchart showing an example of a schematic operation of the hydrogen generator of the tenth embodiment.
- FIG. 15 is a flowchart showing an example of a schematic operation of the hydrogen generator of the eleventh embodiment.
- FIG. 16 is a flowchart showing an example of a schematic operation of the hydrogen generator of the twelfth embodiment.
- FIG. 17 is a flowchart showing another example of the schematic operation of the hydrogen generator of the twelfth embodiment.
- FIG. 18 is a schematic diagram illustrating an example of a schematic configuration of a fuel cell system according to a thirteenth embodiment.
- FIG. 19 is a schematic diagram illustrating an example of a schematic configuration of a fuel cell system according to a fourteenth embodiment.
- FIG. 20 is a flowchart showing an example of a schematic operation of the fuel cell system according to the fourteenth embodiment.
- FIG. 21 is a flowchart showing an example of a schematic operation of the fuel cell system of the first modification example in the fourteenth embodiment.
- FIG. 22 is a graph when the CO concentration contained in the combustion exhaust gas is measured when the air ratio in the combustor is
- the present inventors can execute the detection sensitivity detection of the CO detector more easily than before by checking the output value of the CO detector when the CO concentration in the combustion exhaust gas is increased. Thought.
- the present inventors have adopted a form in which the detection sensitivity of the CO detector is inspected when the air ratio in the combustor is increased so as to increase the CO concentration for the following reason.
- FIG. 22 is a graph when the CO concentration contained in the combustion exhaust gas is measured when the air ratio in the combustor is changed.
- the air supply amount to the combustor is decreased in order to reduce the air ratio in the combustor, the flow rate of the combustion exhaust gas discharged from the combustor decreases, so that soot is not easily discharged from the combustion exhaust gas passage. Become. Further, if the amount of fuel supplied to the combustor is increased in order to reduce the air ratio in the combustor, the amount of smoke generated increases.
- a hydrogen generator of a first embodiment includes a reformer that generates a hydrogen-containing gas by a reforming reaction, a combustor that heats the reformer, an air supply that supplies air to the combustor, and a combustor Combustion exhaust gas by controlling at least one of a fuel supply device for supplying fuel, a CO detector for detecting the concentration of carbon monoxide in the combustion exhaust gas discharged from the combustor, and an air supply device and a fuel supply device And a controller for inspecting the abnormality of the CO detector after increasing the air ratio in the combustor so that the CO concentration (carbon monoxide concentration) therein increases.
- the detection sensitivity of the CO detector can be inspected more easily than the conventional hydrogen generator. Moreover, compared with the case where CO concentration is increased by decreasing an air ratio, possibility that CO concentration will increase excessively can be reduced.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram illustrating an example of a schematic configuration of the hydrogen generator of the first embodiment.
- the hydrogen generator 100 of this embodiment includes a reformer 1, a combustor 2, an air supplier 3, a fuel supplier 4, a CO detector 5, and a controller 10.
- the reformer 1 is configured to generate a hydrogen-containing gas by a reforming reaction using raw materials and steam. Specifically, in a reforming catalyst (not shown) in the reformer 1, the raw material undergoes a reforming reaction to generate a hydrogen-containing gas.
- the reforming reaction may take any form, and examples thereof include a steam reforming reaction, an autothermal reaction, and a partial oxidation reaction.
- the raw material may be an organic compound composed of at least carbon and hydrogen, such as natural gas mainly composed of methane, LPG, alcohol, gasoline, and kerosene.
- the raw material is supplied from a raw material supply source (not shown).
- the raw material supply source include a raw material gas cylinder, a raw material gas infrastructure, and a raw material tank.
- tap water etc. can be used for water, and it is supplied from the piping etc. of tap water.
- the reforming reaction is a steam reforming reaction
- an evaporator that generates steam is provided.
- the hydrogen generator 100 is further provided with an air supply device (not shown) for supplying air to the reformer.
- the hydrogen-containing gas generated in the reformer 1 is supplied to a hydrogen utilization device (not shown) through an appropriate flow path.
- a hydrogen utilization device examples include a hydrogen tank or a fuel cell.
- the combustor 2 is configured to heat the reformer 1 by burning fuel and air supplied to the combustor 2.
- a burner can be used as the combustor 2.
- An air supply unit 3 is connected to the combustor 2 via an air supply path 11.
- the air supplier 3 may have any configuration as long as it can supply air to the combustor 2.
- a fan or a blower can be used as the air supply device 3.
- a fuel supply unit 4 is connected to the combustor 2 via a fuel supply path 12.
- the fuel supplier 4 may have any configuration as long as fuel can be supplied to the combustor 2.
- a raw material supply device (not shown) may be used.
- the fuel supply device 4 is a device that adjusts the flow rate of the fuel supplied to the combustor 2 and includes, for example, a booster and a flow rate adjustment valve.
- a booster for example, a constant displacement pump is used, but is not limited thereto.
- natural gas LPG
- gasoline naphtha
- kerosene light oil, etc.
- the fuel is supplied from a fuel supply source.
- the fuel supply source include a fuel gas cylinder, a fuel gas infrastructure, and a fuel tank.
- the fuel supply device may be configured by one of a booster and a flow rate adjustment valve.
- the combustor 2 may be configured to be supplied with the raw material that has passed through the reformer 1 when the hydrogen generator 100 is started.
- the raw material that bypasses the vessel 1 may be supplied.
- a raw material supply device a water vapor supply device (water supply device and an evaporator), and a reformer are used.
- the mass device 1 constitutes the fuel supply device 4.
- the hydrogen-utilizing device is a fuel cell and adopts a mode in which the hydrogen-containing gas that has not been used in the fuel cell during power generation operation is supplied to the combustor 2, a raw material supply device, a water vapor supply device, The reformer 1 and the fuel cell constitute the fuel supplier 4.
- a combustion exhaust gas path 15 through which combustion exhaust gas generated by combustion flows is connected to the combustor 2.
- a CO detector 5 is provided in the middle of the combustion exhaust gas path 15. The CO detector 5 is configured to detect the carbon monoxide concentration in the combustion exhaust gas and to output the detected carbon monoxide concentration to the controller 10.
- a contact combustion type CO sensor, a semiconductor type CO sensor, or the like can be used as the CO detector 5, a contact combustion type CO sensor, a semiconductor type CO sensor, or the like can be used.
- the CO detector 5 may be provided in a path branched from the combustion exhaust gas path 15.
- the controller 10 controls at least one of the air supply device 3 and the fuel supply device 4 to increase the air ratio in the combustor 2 so that the CO concentration in the combustion exhaust gas increases, and then the CO detector 5.
- the air ratio refers to the ratio of the actual air amount to the theoretical air amount necessary to completely burn the fuel.
- the controller 10 only needs to control a device (for example, the air supply device 3) that needs to operate when performing an abnormality inspection.
- Examples of the arithmetic processing unit include an MPU and a CPU.
- An example of the storage unit is a memory.
- the controller 10 may be composed of a single controller that performs centralized control, or may be composed of a plurality of controllers that perform distributed control in cooperation with each other.
- FIG. 2 is a flowchart showing an example of a schematic operation of the hydrogen generator of the first embodiment.
- the controller 10 controls at least one of the air supply device 3 and the fuel supply device 4 so as to increase the CO ratio in the combustion exhaust gas, thereby adjusting the air ratio in the combustor 2. Increase (step S101).
- At least one of the air supply device 3 and the fuel supply device 4 is controlled so that the air ratio in the combustor 2 is 4 to 6. More specifically, the controller 10 controls the air supplier 3 so that the controller 10 increases the flow rate of the air supplied to the combustor 2. Alternatively, the controller 10 controls the fuel supplier 4 so as to decrease the flow rate of the fuel supplied to the combustor 2. Thereby, combustion exhaust gas with a high CO concentration is generated in the combustor 2.
- the controller 10 acquires the carbon monoxide concentration detected by the CO detector 5 from the CO detector 5 (step S102).
- the controller 10 determines whether or not the carbon monoxide concentration acquired in step S102 is within a predetermined range (step S103).
- the predetermined range is stored in advance in the storage device of the controller 10 and is arbitrarily set within the range of the detection sensitivity of the CO detector 5.
- Step S104 the controller 10 determines that the detection sensitivity of the CO detector 5 is normal (Ste S104). If it is determined that the carbon monoxide concentration acquired in step S102 is not within the predetermined range (No in step S103), it is determined that the detection sensitivity of the CO detector 5 is abnormal (step S104). The abnormal inspection is finished.
- the hydrogen generator of the second embodiment is the hydrogen generator of the first embodiment.
- the controller determines that the CO detector is abnormal, the controller stops the operation of the hydrogen generator.
- you may comprise the hydrogen generator of this embodiment similarly to the hydrogen generator of 1st Embodiment except the said characteristic.
- the detection sensitivity of the CO detector can be inspected more easily than the conventional hydrogen generator.
- the operation of the hydrogen generator is not continued after it is determined to be abnormal, the occurrence of a situation where the operation is continued despite the abnormal detection sensitivity of the CO detector is suppressed, Safety can be improved over conventional hydrogen generators.
- possibility that CO concentration will increase excessively can be reduced.
- FIG. 3 is a flowchart showing an example of a schematic operation of the hydrogen generator of the second embodiment.
- the schematic operation of the hydrogen generator of the second embodiment is basically the same as the schematic operation of the hydrogen generator of the first embodiment, but the controller 10 detects CO in step S105.
- the detection sensitivity of the vessel 5 differs in that the operation of the hydrogen generator 100 is stopped after determining that the detection sensitivity is abnormal (step S106).
- the hydrogen generator of the third embodiment is the hydrogen generator of the second embodiment.
- the controller determines that the CO detector is abnormal, the controller prohibits restart of the hydrogen generator.
- the detection sensitivity of the CO detector can be inspected more easily than the conventional hydrogen generator. Moreover, compared with the case where CO concentration is increased by decreasing an air ratio, possibility that CO concentration will increase excessively can be reduced. Furthermore, since the operation of the hydrogen generator is not continued after being determined to be abnormal, it is possible to suppress the occurrence of a situation where the operation is performed even though the detection sensitivity of the CO detector is abnormal. Therefore, safety can be improved as compared with the hydrogen generator.
- FIG. 4 is a flowchart showing an example of a schematic operation of the hydrogen generator of the third embodiment.
- the schematic operation of the hydrogen generator of the third embodiment is basically the same as the schematic operation of the hydrogen generator of the second embodiment, but the controller 10 generates hydrogen in step S106. After the operation of the apparatus 100 is stopped, the restart of the hydrogen generator 100 is prohibited (step S107).
- the controller 10 does not start the hydrogen generator 100.
- the time at which the hydrogen generator 100 is activated is determined in advance, and the controller 10 does not activate the hydrogen generator 100 even at that time.
- the hydrogen generator of the fourth embodiment further includes a notification device for notifying that the CO detector is abnormal in the hydrogen generator of any of the first to third embodiments.
- the hydrogen generator of this embodiment may be configured in the same manner as the hydrogen generator of any of the first to third embodiments except for the above features.
- the detection sensitivity of the CO detector can be inspected more easily than the conventional hydrogen generator. Moreover, compared with the case where CO concentration is increased by decreasing an air ratio, possibility that CO concentration will increase excessively can be reduced. Further, since the alarm notifies that the CO detector is abnormal, the safety can be improved as compared with the conventional hydrogen generator.
- FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram illustrating an example of a schematic configuration of the hydrogen generator of the fourth embodiment.
- the hydrogen generator 100 of the present embodiment has the same basic configuration as the hydrogen generator 100 of the first embodiment, but is different in that an alarm 40 is provided.
- the alarm device 40 may have any configuration as long as it can notify the outside that the CO detector 5 is abnormal.
- a mode for informing outside for example, a mode in which character data or image data or the like is displayed on a display unit (screen) of a remote controller, a mode in which a speaker or the like is used for voice notification, light or color may be used. It may be a mode that informs by.
- the aspect notified to a smart phone, a mobile telephone, or a tablet-type computer etc. with an email or an application via a communication network may be sufficient.
- FIG. 6 is a flowchart illustrating an example of a schematic operation of the hydrogen generator of the fourth embodiment.
- the schematic operation of the hydrogen generator of the fourth embodiment is basically the same as the schematic operation of the hydrogen generator of the second embodiment, but the controller 10 includes a CO detector 5.
- the alarm device 40 is informed that the CO detector 5 is abnormal (step S106A).
- the notification by the alarm device 40 may be after the operation of the hydrogen generator 100 is stopped (Step S106) or after the prohibition of restart of the hydrogen generator 100 (Step S107).
- the hydrogen generator of the fifth embodiment is the hydrogen generator of any one of the first to fourth embodiments.
- the controller checks the abnormality of the CO detector and then checks the air supply and the fuel supply. At least one of the devices is controlled to reduce the air ratio in the combustor so that the CO concentration in the combustion exhaust gas is reduced.
- the hydrogen generator of this embodiment may be configured in the same manner as the hydrogen generator of any of the first to fourth embodiments except for the above features.
- the detection sensitivity of the CO detector can be inspected more easily than the conventional hydrogen generator. Moreover, compared with the case where CO concentration is increased by decreasing an air ratio, possibility that CO concentration will increase excessively can be reduced. Furthermore, safety can be improved as compared with the conventional hydrogen generator.
- FIG. 7 is a flowchart showing an example of a schematic operation of the hydrogen generator of the fifth embodiment.
- the schematic operation of the hydrogen generator of the fifth embodiment is basically the same as the schematic operation of the hydrogen generator of the first embodiment.
- the combustor is controlled by controlling at least one of the fuel supply device and the air supply device so that the CO concentration in the combustion exhaust gas decreases. 2 is reduced (step S108). That is, the controller 10 returns the air ratio in the combustor 2 after checking the abnormality of the CO detector 5.
- the controller 10 performs an abnormality inspection of the CO detector 5 and then the air ratio before increasing the air ratio in the combustor 2 in step S101 (for example, the air ratio is 1.5 to 3.2). ) To control at least one of the fuel supply device and the air supply device. Thereby, it can suppress that the state by which combustion exhaust gas with a high carbon monoxide density
- the hydrogen generator of the sixth embodiment is the same as that of the hydrogen generator of the fifth embodiment, and controls at least one of the fuel supply device and the air supply device so as to lower the air ratio in the combustor after a predetermined time has elapsed. To do.
- the controller increases the air ratio in the combustor so that the CO concentration in the combustion exhaust gas increases, and then monoxide in the combustion exhaust gas discharged from the combustor.
- the air ratio in the combustor is reduced so that the CO concentration in the combustion exhaust gas is reduced by controlling at least one of the air supply device and the fuel supply device. May be.
- the controller increases the air ratio in the combustor so that the CO concentration in the combustion exhaust gas increases, and then the highest CO concentration that can be generated in the combustor.
- the air ratio in the combustor is controlled so that the CO concentration in the combustion exhaust gas decreases by controlling at least one of the air supply device and the fuel supply device. May be reduced.
- the detection sensitivity of the CO detector can be inspected more easily than the conventional hydrogen generator. Moreover, compared with the case where CO concentration is increased by decreasing an air ratio, possibility that CO concentration will increase excessively can be reduced. Furthermore, safety can be improved as compared with the conventional hydrogen generator.
- the first threshold value and the second threshold value are set as threshold values for suppressing adverse effects on the human body due to CO contained in the combustion exhaust gas, and are set as appropriate depending on the configuration of the hydrogen generator and the like.
- the total amount of carbon monoxide after increasing the air ratio or the product of the highest CO concentration and time may be specified directly, or a parameter correlated with these values may be specified.
- This parameter can also be said to be a parameter indirectly indicating the total amount of carbon monoxide after increasing the air ratio or the product of the highest CO concentration and time. Specifically, the elapsed time after increasing the air ratio is exemplified.
- FIG. 8 is a flowchart showing an example of a schematic operation of the hydrogen generator of the sixth embodiment.
- the controller 10 controls at least one of the air supply device 3 and the fuel supply device 4 so as to increase the CO ratio in the combustion exhaust gas, thereby adjusting the air ratio in the combustor 2. Increase (step S201).
- the controller 10 measures the time after changing the air ratio in step S201, and determines whether or not a predetermined time has elapsed (step S202). As will be described later, the controller 10 executes steps S204 to S206 while executing step S202.
- the predetermined time is appropriately set as a value for suppressing adverse effects on the human body due to CO in the combustion exhaust gas, and is set to be longer than the time taken to execute each step from step S204 to S206. Has been.
- the CO concentration contained in the combustion exhaust gas when the air ratio is increased is estimated in advance from experiments, etc., and is indicated by the product of the carbon monoxide concentration (ppm) and time (hour) from the viewpoint of influence on the human body.
- the predetermined time may be set so that the calculated ct value is less than 300 (second predetermined value).
- the ct value of less than 300 is a condition that the influence on the human body is small when the CO concentration (ppm) is c and the exposure time is t (hour).
- the predetermined time may be set to 6 minutes.
- the concentration of carbon monoxide generated in the combustor 2 is estimated in advance from experiments and the like, and the total amount (total concentration) of carbon monoxide in the combustion exhaust gas is A time not exceeding one predetermined value (for example, 300 ppm) may be set as the predetermined time. Note that the time measurement can be performed by a timer unit (not shown) of the controller 10.
- Step S202 When a predetermined time elapses (Yes in Step S202), the controller 10 sets at least the air supply unit 3 and the fuel supply unit 4 so that the air ratio before the air ratio in the combustor 2 is changed in Step S201. Either one of the devices is controlled (step S203).
- step S ⁇ b> 204 the controller 10 acquires the carbon monoxide concentration detected by the CO detector 5 from the CO detector 5.
- step S205 the controller 10 determines whether or not the carbon monoxide concentration acquired in step S204 is within a predetermined range.
- step S204 determines that the carbon monoxide concentration acquired in step S204 is within a predetermined range (Yes in step S205)
- the controller 10 determines that the detection sensitivity of the CO detector 5 is normal ( Step S206)
- the abnormality inspection is terminated. If it is determined that the carbon monoxide concentration acquired in step S204 is not within the predetermined range (No in step S205), it is determined that the detection sensitivity of the CO detector 5 is abnormal (step S207). The abnormal inspection is finished.
- the air ratio is returned to a safe air ratio in a predetermined time, so that the state in which the combustion exhaust gas having a high carbon monoxide concentration is discharged from the combustor 2 is suppressed. can do. For this reason, the hydrogen generator 100 of this embodiment can improve safety more compared with the hydrogen generator 100 of 5th Embodiment.
- step S203 control is performed to return to the air ratio before increasing the air ratio in step S201.
- the present invention is not limited to this, and the air ratio is lowered so that the CO concentration in the combustion exhaust gas is lowered. Any air ratio may be used as long as it is present.
- the hydrogen generator of the seventh embodiment is the hydrogen generator of any one of the first to sixth embodiments.
- the controller is a reformer with a combustor before the start of production of the hydrogen-containing gas with the reformer.
- the air detector is heated, the air ratio in the combustor is increased so that the CO concentration in the combustion exhaust gas is increased by controlling at least one of the air supply and the fuel supply.
- the hydrogen generator of this embodiment may be configured in the same manner as the hydrogen generator of any of the first to sixth embodiments except for the above features.
- the detection sensitivity of the CO detector can be inspected more easily than the conventional hydrogen generator. Moreover, since the concentration of the combustible carbon compound in the fuel combusted in the combustor before the start of the production of the hydrogen-containing gas is higher than the concentration of the combustible carbon compound in the hydrogen-containing gas, the air ratio is changed. The carbon monoxide concentration tends to be high, and it is easy to detect abnormality of the CO detector. Examples of the carbon compound include hydrocarbons and alcohols.
- the hydrogen generator of 7th Embodiment is the structure similar to the hydrogen generator of 1st Embodiment, the abnormality inspection of CO detector is demonstrated in the following description.
- the abnormality detection of the CO detector is performed when the reformer is heated by the combustor.
- FIG. 9 is a flowchart showing an example of a schematic operation of the hydrogen generator of the seventh embodiment.
- the controller 10 operates the combustor 2 (step S301). Specifically, the controller 10 operates the air supply device 3 and the fuel supply device 4 to supply air and fuel to the combustor 2, causes the combustor 2 to perform an ignition operation, and starts combustion. . Thereby, the reformer 1 is heated by the heat transfer of the combustion exhaust gas generated by the combustor 2.
- the controller 10 controls at least one of the air supply device 3 and the fuel supply device 4 so as to increase the CO ratio in the combustion exhaust gas, thereby increasing the air ratio in the combustor 2 (step). S302).
- the controller 10 acquires the carbon monoxide concentration detected by the CO detector 5 from the CO detector 5 (step S303). Then, the controller 10 determines whether or not the carbon monoxide concentration acquired in step S303 is within a predetermined range (step S304).
- Step S305 When the controller 10 determines that the carbon monoxide concentration acquired in step S303 is within the predetermined range (Yes in step S304), the controller 10 determines that the detection sensitivity of the CO detector 5 is normal ( Step S305).
- the controller 10 continues the operation of the combustor 2 (step S306).
- the controller 10 has at least one of the air supplier 3 and the fuel supplier 4 so that the air ratio in the combustor 2 becomes the air ratio before increasing the air ratio in the combustor 2 in step S303.
- the device may be controlled.
- Step S307 the controller 10 supplies raw material and water to the reformer 1, causes a reforming reaction, and starts generation of hydrogen. End the flow.
- step S308 when it is determined that the carbon monoxide concentration acquired in step S303 is not within the predetermined range (No in step S304), it is determined that the detection sensitivity of the CO detector 5 is abnormal (step S308). This flow is finished.
- the hydrogen generator of the eighth embodiment is the hydrogen generator of any one of the first to seventh embodiments.
- the controller generates a hydrogen-containing gas when the amount of the raw material relative to the steam in the reformer is Check for CO detector anomalies when less than when doing so.
- the controller may check the abnormality of the CO detector after stopping the supply of the raw material to the reformer and purging the interior of the reformer with steam.
- the hydrogen generator of this embodiment may be configured in the same manner as the hydrogen generator of any of the first to seventh embodiments, except for the above features.
- the detection sensitivity of the CO detector can be inspected more easily than the conventional hydrogen generator. Moreover, compared with the case where CO concentration is increased by decreasing an air ratio, possibility that CO concentration will increase excessively can be reduced. Furthermore, even if the temperature of the reformer rises during an abnormal inspection of the CO detector, the amount of the raw material with respect to the water vapor in the reformer is smaller than when the hydrogen-containing gas is generated. Compared with the case where the amount of the raw material with respect to the water vapor is the same as when the hydrogen-containing gas is generated, it is possible to suppress the occurrence of carbon deposition in the reformer.
- the hydrogen generator of 8th Embodiment is the structure similar to the hydrogen generator of 1st Embodiment, the abnormality inspection of CO detector is demonstrated in the following description. Moreover, since the stop process (stop operation; stop process) of the hydrogen generator is performed in the same manner as the known stop process of the hydrogen generator, detailed description thereof is omitted.
- FIG. 10 is a flowchart showing an example of a schematic operation of the hydrogen generator of the eighth embodiment.
- the operation stop signal When the operation stop signal is input to the controller 10, when the user or the like operates the remote controller to stop the operation of the hydrogen generator 100, the operation stop time of the hydrogen generator 100 is reached. In such a case, there may be a case where an abnormality has occurred in the equipment constituting the hydrogen generator 100.
- the controller 10 stops the generation of the hydrogen-containing gas in the reformer 1 (step S401). Specifically, the supply of the raw material to the reformer 1 and the water from the water supply device to the evaporator is stopped. As a result, steam is generated in the reformer 1 from the water remaining in the evaporator due to preheating of the evaporator, and the steam is continuously supplied to the reformer 1. The amount of the raw material with respect to is smaller than when the hydrogen-containing gas is generated.
- the controller 10 controls the air supply unit 3 and the air supply unit 3 so that the CO concentration in the combustion exhaust gas increases. At least one device of the fuel supplier 4 is controlled to increase the air ratio in the combustor 2 (step S402).
- the controller 10 acquires the carbon monoxide concentration detected by the CO detector 5 from the CO detector 5 (step S403). Then, the controller 10 determines whether or not the carbon monoxide concentration acquired in step S403 is within a predetermined range (step S404).
- Step S403 When the controller 10 determines that the carbon monoxide concentration acquired in step S403 is within a predetermined range (Yes in step S404), the controller 10 determines that the detection sensitivity of the CO detector 5 is normal ( Step S405), this flow ends.
- Step S406 determines that the detection sensitivity of the CO detector 5 is abnormal.
- the amount of raw material with respect to the water vapor in the reformer 1 is reduced before the abnormality inspection is performed by supplying the reformer 1 with the water vapor generated by the residual heat from the water remaining in the evaporator.
- it is configured to be less than when the hydrogen-containing gas is generated, it is not limited to this. Any form may be used as long as the amount of the raw material with respect to the water vapor in the reformer 1 is smaller than when the hydrogen-containing gas is generated when the abnormality inspection is performed.
- a form in which steam is supplied from the steam supply unit to the reformer 1 until the inside of the reformer 1 is purged with steam before the abnormality inspection may be adopted.
- the hydrogen generation apparatus is the same as the hydrogen generation apparatus according to any one of the first to eighth embodiments, wherein the controller generates a hydrogen-containing gas when the amount of the raw material with respect to the water vapor in the reformer is The temperature of the CO detector is checked for an abnormality when the temperature is higher than when the temperature is not detected and the carbon is not deposited.
- the hydrogen generator of this embodiment may be configured in the same manner as the hydrogen generator of any of the first to eighth embodiments except for the above features.
- the controller may check the abnormality of the CO detector after stopping the generation of the hydrogen-containing gas in the reformer, and after stopping the generation of the hydrogen-containing gas in the reformer, the reformer When purging the inside of the chamber with the raw material, abnormality of the CO detector may be inspected.
- the detection sensitivity of the CO detector can be inspected more easily than the conventional hydrogen generator. Moreover, compared with the case where CO concentration is increased by decreasing an air ratio, possibility that CO concentration will increase excessively can be reduced. Furthermore, if the amount of raw material relative to water vapor in the reformer is greater than when hydrogen-containing gas is being generated, if the temperature of the reformer rises during an abnormal inspection of the CO detector, Although it becomes easy to precipitate, the said structure can suppress that carbon precipitation arises in a reformer.
- FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram illustrating an example of a schematic configuration of the hydrogen generator of the ninth embodiment.
- the hydrogen generator 100 of the present embodiment has the same basic configuration as the hydrogen generator 100 of the first embodiment, but the temperature detector 20 is provided in the reformer 1. The point is different.
- the temperature detector 20 is configured to detect the temperature of the reformer 1 and output the detected temperature to the controller 10.
- the temperature detector 20 may be configured to directly detect the temperature of the reformer 1, or may be configured to indirectly detect the temperature of the reformer 1.
- the temperature detector 20 may be configured to detect the temperature of the reformer 1 by detecting the temperature of the combustor 2.
- FIG. 12 is a flowchart showing an example of a schematic operation of the hydrogen generator of the ninth embodiment.
- the controller 10 stops the generation of the hydrogen-containing gas in the reformer 1 (step S501).
- the controller 10 acquires the temperature in the reformer 1 detected by the temperature detector 20 (step S502).
- the controller 10 determines whether or not the temperature acquired in step S502 is equal to or lower than a predetermined temperature (step S503).
- the predetermined temperature is set as a temperature at which carbon deposition does not occur in the reformer 1 and is appropriately set depending on the type of the reforming catalyst used in the reformer 1 and the like.
- step S503 When the temperature acquired in step S502 is not equal to or lower than the predetermined temperature (No in step S503), the controller 10 performs steps S502 and S503 until the temperature acquired in step S502 is equal to or lower than the predetermined temperature. repeat. On the other hand, when the temperature acquired in step S502 is equal to or lower than the predetermined temperature (Yes in step S503), the controller 10 proceeds to step S504.
- step S504 the amount of the raw material with respect to the water vapor in the reformer 1 is increased as compared to when the hydrogen-containing gas is generated.
- the controller 10 supplies the raw material into the reformer 1 and purges the inside of the reformer 1 with the raw material.
- the controller 10 controls at least one of the air supply device 3 and the fuel supply device 4 so as to increase the CO ratio in the combustion exhaust gas, thereby increasing the air ratio in the combustor 2 (step). S505).
- the controller 10 acquires the carbon monoxide concentration detected by the CO detector 5 from the CO detector 5 (step S506). Then, the controller 10 determines whether or not the carbon monoxide concentration acquired in step S506 is within a predetermined range (step S507).
- Step S506 determines that the carbon monoxide concentration acquired in step S506 is within a predetermined range (Yes in step S507), the controller 10 determines that the detection sensitivity of the CO detector 5 is normal ( Step S508), this flow ends.
- Step S509 the controller 10 determines that the detection sensitivity of the CO detector 5 is abnormal.
- the present invention when the inside of the reformer 1 is purged with the raw material, the amount of the raw material with respect to the water vapor in the reformer 1 generates a hydrogen-containing gas when performing an abnormality inspection.
- the present invention is not limited to this. Any form may be used as long as the amount of the raw material with respect to the water vapor in the reformer 1 is larger than when the hydrogen-containing gas is generated when the abnormality inspection is performed.
- the hydrogen generation device is the hydrogen generation device according to any one of the first to ninth embodiments, wherein the controller stops generating the hydrogen-containing gas in the reformer, After the raw material is replenished, the abnormality of the CO detector is inspected.
- the hydrogen generator of this embodiment may be configured in the same manner as the hydrogen generator of any of the first to ninth embodiments except for the above features.
- the detection sensitivity of the CO detector can be inspected more easily than the conventional hydrogen generator. Moreover, compared with the case where CO concentration is increased by decreasing an air ratio, possibility that CO concentration will increase excessively can be reduced. Furthermore, if the amount of the raw material with respect to the water vapor in the reformer 1 is larger than that when the hydrogen-containing gas is generated, if the reformer temperature rises during an abnormal inspection of the CO detector, Although it becomes easy to deposit carbon, it can suppress that carbon precipitation arises in a reformer by the said structure.
- FIG. 13 is a schematic diagram illustrating an example of a schematic configuration of the hydrogen generator of the tenth embodiment.
- the hydrogen generator 100 of the present embodiment has the same basic configuration as the hydrogen generator 100 of the first embodiment, but the reformer 1 is provided with a temperature detector 20. The difference is that the on-off valve 21 is provided in the raw material supply path 13 and the on-off valve 22 is provided in the hydrogen-containing gas supply path 16.
- the raw material supply path 13 is connected to the reformer 1 and is a path through which the raw material flows.
- the on-off valve 21 may be driven by electric power like an electromagnetic valve, or may be driven by gas pressure.
- the on-off valve 21 may have any configuration as long as the gas path in the raw material supply path 13 can be closed or opened.
- the hydrogen-containing gas supply path 16 is connected to the reformer 1 and is a path through which the hydrogen-containing gas sent from the reformer 1 flows.
- the on-off valve 22 may be driven by electric power, such as an electromagnetic valve, or may be driven by gas pressure.
- the on-off valve 22 may have any configuration as long as the gas path in the hydrogen-containing gas supply path 16 can be closed or opened.
- the on-off valve 21 and the on-off valve 22 are closed, and the on-off valve is used to reform the reformer.
- the space including 1 is sealed.
- the space containing the reformer 1 becomes negative pressure. For this reason, the replenishment process which opens the on-off valve 21 and replenishes a raw material is performed.
- standby state of the hydrogen generator refers to the state of the hydrogen generator between the end of the hydrogen generator stop process and the start of the next hydrogen generator startup process.
- the abnormality detection of the CO detector 5 is executed when the replenishment process is executed.
- a detailed description will be given with reference to FIGS. 13 and 14.
- FIG. 14 is a flowchart showing an example of a schematic operation of the hydrogen generator of the tenth embodiment.
- the controller 10 stops the generation of the hydrogen-containing gas in the reformer 1 (step S601). Specifically, the supply of the raw material and steam to the reformer 1 is stopped.
- the stop of the supply of water vapor means the stop of the supply of water to the evaporator and the stop of heating of the evaporator.
- the controller 10 closes the on-off valve 21 and the on-off valve 22 (step S602).
- the controller 10 is the reformer 1 by the detector (for example, a pressure detector, a temperature detector, etc.) which detects the pressure in the sealing space containing the reformer 1 directly or indirectly.
- the detector for example, a pressure detector, a temperature detector, etc.
- the material including the reformer 1 is replenished (step S604).
- the controller 10 opens the on-off valve 21. Since a raw material supply source (not shown) having a predetermined supply pressure higher than the atmospheric pressure is connected to the raw material supply path 13, when the on-off valve 21 is opened, the raw material flows through the raw material supply path 13 and is modified.
- the raw material is replenished in the space including the quality device 1. For this reason, at least a part of the reduced pressure of the reformer 1 is compensated. Thereby, the quantity of the raw material with respect to the water vapor
- the controller 10 acquires the temperature inside the reformer 1 (temperature of the reforming catalyst) detected by the temperature detector 20 (step S605). Next, the controller 10 determines whether or not the temperature acquired in step S605 is equal to or lower than a predetermined temperature (step S606).
- step S605 When the temperature acquired in step S605 is not equal to or lower than the predetermined temperature (No in step S606), the controller 10 performs steps S605 and S606 until the temperature acquired in step S605 is equal to or lower than the predetermined temperature. repeat. On the other hand, when the temperature acquired in step S605 is equal to or lower than the predetermined temperature (Yes in step S606), the controller 10 proceeds to step S607.
- the predetermined temperature is set as a temperature at which carbon deposition does not occur in the reformer 1.
- step S607 the controller 10 controls at least one of the air supply unit 3 and the fuel supply unit 4 to increase the air ratio in the combustor 2 so that the CO concentration in the combustion exhaust gas increases.
- the controller 10 acquires the carbon monoxide concentration detected by the CO detector 5 from the CO detector 5 (step S608). Then, the controller 10 determines whether or not the carbon monoxide concentration acquired in step S608 is within a predetermined range (step S609).
- step S608 determines that the carbon monoxide concentration acquired in step S608 is within a predetermined range (Yes in step S609), the controller 10 determines that the detection sensitivity of the CO detector 5 is normal ( Step S610), this flow is finished.
- Step S611 determines that the carbon monoxide concentration acquired in step S608 is not within the predetermined range.
- the reformer 1 is sealed after the production of the hydrogen-containing gas in the reformer 1 is stopped, but the reformer 1 is not provided without the on-off valve 22. May be configured to be open to the atmosphere. Also in this case, in order to reduce the inflow of air into the hydrogen generator 100 from the atmosphere opening, the raw material is supplied to the reformer 1 as the temperature of the reformer 1 decreases as in the above flow. It doesn't matter.
- the hydrogen generator of the eleventh embodiment is the hydrogen generator of any of the first to tenth embodiments.
- the abnormality of the CO detector is inspected during the start-up process, and when starting up before a predetermined time has elapsed, the abnormality of the CO detector is not inspected during the start-up process.
- the hydrogen generator of this embodiment may be configured in the same manner as the hydrogen generator of any of the first to tenth embodiments except for the above features.
- the hydrogen generator of 11th Embodiment is the structure similar to the hydrogen generator of 1st Embodiment, in the following description, operation
- the start-up process (start-up operation; start-up process) of the hydrogen generator 100 is performed in the same manner as the start-up process of the known hydrogen generator, detailed description thereof is omitted.
- FIG. 15 is a flowchart showing an example of a schematic operation of the hydrogen generator of the eleventh embodiment.
- the controller 10 when the activation start signal of the hydrogen generator 100 is input to the controller 10 (step S701), the controller 10 has passed a predetermined time or more from the previous abnormality inspection of the CO detector 5. It is determined whether or not (step S702).
- the predetermined time can be arbitrarily set, and is appropriately set from the viewpoint of reducing the frequency of the abnormality inspection of the CO detector 5, but may be 3 to 5 hours, for example.
- Step S703 this flow ends.
- the controller 10 does not execute the abnormality inspection of the CO detector 5 when the predetermined time or more has not elapsed since the previous abnormality inspection of the CO detector 5 (No in step S702), and the hydrogen generator. 100 activation processing is executed (step S704), and this flow is terminated.
- the hydrogen generator of the twelfth embodiment is the hydrogen generator of any one of the first to eleventh embodiments, wherein the controller checks the abnormality of the CO detector and then performs a startup process or within a predetermined operation time. When the system is stopped and restarted, the abnormality of the CO detector is not inspected at the time of restart.
- the hydrogen generator of the present embodiment may be configured in the same manner as the hydrogen generator of any of the first to eleventh embodiments, except for the above features.
- the hydrogen generator of 12th Embodiment is the structure similar to the hydrogen generator of 1st Embodiment, in the following description, operation
- FIG. 16 is a flowchart showing an example of a schematic operation of the hydrogen generator of the twelfth embodiment.
- the controller 10 when the activation start signal of the hydrogen generator 100 is input to the controller 10 (step S801), the controller 10 indicates that the activation start signal is the previous abnormality check of the CO detector 5. After that, it is determined whether or not it is for executing a restart during the startup process of the hydrogen generator 100 (stopped and restarted during the startup process of the hydrogen generator 100) (step S802).
- the restart during the start-up process of the hydrogen generator 100 is a temporary start during the start-up process of the hydrogen generator 100 due to an accidental abnormality (for example, air biting of a pump that is a water supply device). This means that the process cannot be continued and the hydrogen generator 100 is started again.
- step S802 When the hydrogen generator 100 is restarted (Yes in step S802), the controller 10 executes the startup process of the hydrogen generator 100 without executing the abnormality check of the CO detector 5 (step S803). ), This flow ends.
- step S802 the controller 10 performs an abnormality check of the CO detector 5 and a startup process of the hydrogen generator 100 (step S804). End the flow. Note that the controller 10 may not perform the abnormality inspection when the activation has not performed a predetermined time after the abnormality inspection of the CO detector 5 has been performed.
- FIG. 17 is a flowchart showing another example of the schematic operation of the hydrogen generator of the twelfth embodiment.
- step S802A is executed instead of step S802.
- the controller 10 indicates that the start signal of the hydrogen generator 100 input in step S801 is stopped within a predetermined operation time after the previous abnormality check of the CO detector 5. It is determined whether or not it is for restarting.
- the operation time means an operation (operation) time after the hydrogen generator 100 starts supplying the hydrogen-containing gas to the hydrogen-using device.
- the predetermined operation time can be arbitrarily set, and is appropriately set from the viewpoint of reducing the frequency of abnormality inspection of the CO detector 5, but may be, for example, 1 to 2 hours.
- step S802A if the hydrogen generator 100 is restarted within a predetermined operation time (Yes in step S802A), the controller 10 does not perform the abnormality inspection of the CO detector 5 and performs the operation of the hydrogen generator 100.
- the activation process is executed (step S803), and this flow is finished.
- Step S804 the controller 10 performs an abnormality check of the CO detector 5 and a startup process of the hydrogen generator 100.
- a fuel cell system includes the hydrogen generator according to any one of the first to twelfth embodiments and a fuel cell that generates power using a hydrogen-containing gas supplied from the hydrogen generator.
- the detection sensitivity of the CO detector can be more easily inspected than the conventional fuel cell system. Moreover, compared with the case where CO concentration is increased by decreasing an air ratio, possibility that CO concentration will increase excessively can be reduced.
- FIG. 18 is a schematic diagram showing an example of a schematic configuration of the fuel cell system according to the thirteenth embodiment.
- the fuel cell system 200 of the thirteenth embodiment includes the hydrogen generator 100 of the first embodiment and the fuel cell 30.
- the fuel cell 30 is a fuel cell that generates power using the hydrogen-containing gas supplied from the hydrogen generator 100.
- the fuel cell 30 may be any type of fuel cell, such as a polymer electrolyte fuel cell (PEFC), a solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC), or a phosphoric acid fuel cell (PAFC). Can be used.
- PEFC polymer electrolyte fuel cell
- SOFC solid oxide fuel cell
- PAFC phosphoric acid fuel cell
- the fuel cell system 200 During the power generation operation, the fuel cell system 200 generates power using the hydrogen-containing gas supplied from the hydrogen generator 100.
- the operation of the hydrogen generator 100 in the present embodiment is the same as that in the first embodiment when the fuel cell 30 is considered as a hydrogen-using device in the first embodiment. Therefore, detailed description is omitted.
- the embodiment provided with the hydrogen generator 100 of the first embodiment has been described.
- the fuel cell system 200 of the fourteenth embodiment is the hydrogen of any of the second to twelfth embodiments. It goes without saying that the generation device 100 may be provided.
- the fuel cell system of the fourteenth embodiment is the fuel cell system of the thirteenth embodiment, and the controller inspects the abnormality of the CO detector during the power generation operation.
- the controller controls at least one of the fuel supply device, the air supply device, the stack current, and the raw material supply device and the water vapor supply device, and thereby in the combustion exhaust gas.
- the air ratio in the combustor may be increased so that the CO concentration increases.
- the detection sensitivity of the CO detector can be more easily inspected than the conventional fuel cell system. Moreover, compared with the case where CO concentration is increased by decreasing an air ratio, possibility that CO concentration will increase excessively can be reduced.
- FIG. 19 is a schematic diagram illustrating an example of a schematic configuration of a fuel cell system according to a fourteenth embodiment.
- the fuel cell system 200 of the fourteenth embodiment has the same basic configuration as the fuel cell system 200 of the thirteenth embodiment, but the electric power generated by the fuel cell 30 is used as an external load or the like. The difference is that an output controller 18 for outputting is provided.
- the output controller 18 may take any form as long as it can convert the DC power generated by the fuel cell 30 into AC power and output it to an external load or the like.
- the output controller 18 may be configured by, for example, an inverter or an inverter and a converter.
- a raw material supply path 13 and a water supply path 14 are connected to the reformer 1 of the hydrogen generator 100.
- a raw material supplier 6 is provided in the middle of the raw material supply path 13.
- a steam supply unit 7 is provided in the middle of the water supply path 14.
- the water vapor supply device 7 includes an evaporator and a water supply device, and the water supply amount is realized by controlling at least one of the water supply device and the heater that heats the evaporator by the controller 10.
- the heater for heating the evaporator may be the combustor 2, a combustor provided separately from the combustor 2, or a heater or the like.
- a hydrogen-containing gas supply path 16 for supplying the hydrogen-containing gas generated in the reformer 1 to the fuel cell 30 is connected to the reformer 1.
- the fuel cell 30 is connected to an off-hydrogen-containing gas path 17 for supplying a hydrogen-containing gas that has not been used in the fuel cell 30 to the combustor 2.
- controller 10 employ adopts the form which controls each apparatus which comprises the fuel cell system 200, it is not limited to this.
- a controller (group) different from the controller 10 controls each device constituting the fuel cell system 200, and the controller 10 and the controller (group) perform distributed control in cooperation with each other. It may be adopted.
- FIG. 20 is a flowchart showing an example of a schematic operation of the fuel cell system according to the fourteenth embodiment.
- the controller 10 controls the output controller 18 to output from the fuel cell 30 so that the CO concentration in the combustion exhaust gas increases (the air ratio in the combustor 2 increases).
- the stack current (power) is varied (step S901). Specifically, the stack current output from the fuel cell 30 is increased. As a result, the amount of hydrogen consumed in the fuel cell 30 increases, and the flow rate of the hydrogen-containing gas supplied to the combustor 2 decreases. For this reason, the air ratio in the combustor 2 is increased, and carbon monoxide is generated in the combustor 2.
- step S903 the controller 10 acquires the carbon monoxide concentration detected by the CO detector 5 from the CO detector 5 (step S902).
- step S903 the controller 10 determines whether or not the carbon monoxide concentration acquired in step S902 is within a predetermined range (step S903).
- Step S904 the controller 10 determines that the detection sensitivity of the CO detector 5 is normal (Ste S904), the abnormality inspection is terminated. If it is determined that the carbon monoxide concentration acquired in step S902 is not within the predetermined range (No in step S903), it is determined that the detection sensitivity of the CO detector 5 is abnormal (step S904). The abnormal inspection is finished.
- controller 10 outputs the output controller so that the stack current output from the fuel cell 30 in step S901 becomes the stack current before the change in step S901 after changing the stack current in step S901. 18 may be controlled.
- the controller controls the raw material supplier and the water vapor supplier to increase the air ratio in the combustor so that the CO concentration in the combustion exhaust gas increases.
- the detection sensitivity of the CO detector can be more easily inspected than the conventional fuel cell system. Moreover, compared with the case where CO concentration is increased by decreasing an air ratio, possibility that CO concentration will increase excessively can be reduced.
- the fuel cell system of the first modification has the same configuration as the fuel cell system of the fourteenth embodiment, and therefore, in the following description, abnormality detection of the CO detector will be described.
- FIG. 21 is a flowchart showing an example of a schematic operation of the fuel cell system of the first modified example in the fourteenth embodiment.
- the schematic operation of the fuel cell system 200 of the first modified example is basically the same as the schematic operation of the fuel cell system 200 of the fourteenth embodiment, but step S901A is substituted for step S901.
- the difference is that is executed.
- the controller 10 controls the raw material supply device 6 and the water vapor supply device 7 so as to change the flow rates of the raw material and water vapor supplied to the reformer 1 (step S901A).
- the raw material supply unit 6 and the steam supply unit 7 are controlled so that the air ratio in the combustor 2 increases (the CO concentration in the combustion exhaust gas increases), and the reformer The flow rate of the raw material and water vapor supplied to 1 is decreased. Thereby, the hydrogen containing gas produced
- the controller 10 may reduce the flow rate of the raw material and the water vapor in step S901A, and the raw material feeder 6 and the flow rate so that the flow rate before the flow rate of the raw material and the water vapor is reduced in step S901A at an arbitrary timing.
- the steam supply unit 7 may be controlled.
- the hydrogen generator of the present invention the fuel cell system including the hydrogen generator, the operation method of the hydrogen generator, and the operation method of the fuel cell system can more easily execute the detection sensitivity detection of the CO detector than before.
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Abstract
Description
本発明者等は、水素生成装置又は燃料電池システムに備えるCO検出器において、従来よりも検知感度の検査を簡易に実行すべく鋭意検討を行った。その結果、以下の知見を得た。
第1実施形態の水素生成装置は、改質反応により水素含有ガスを生成する改質器と、改質器を加熱する燃焼器と、燃焼器に空気を供給する空気供給器と、燃焼器に燃料を供給する燃料供給器と、燃焼器から排出される燃焼排ガス中の一酸化炭素濃度を検出するCO検出器と、空気供給器及び燃料供給器の少なくともいずれか一方を制御して、燃焼排ガス中のCO濃度(一酸化炭素濃度)が増加するよう燃焼器における空気比を増加させた後、CO検出器の異常を検査する制御器と、を備える。
図1は、第1実施形態の水素生成装置の概略構成の一例を示す模式図である。
次に、第1実施形態の水素生成装置100の動作について、図1及び図2を参照しながら説明する。なお、以下では、水素生成装置100の水素生成動作は、公知の水素生成装置と同様に行われるため、その詳細な説明は省略し、CO検出器5の異常を検査する異常検査について説明する。また、異常検査は、記憶部に記憶されている制御プログラムに基づき、燃焼器2が定常燃焼状態にある任意のタイミングで実行されるが、水素生成装置100の定常運転時等、燃焼器2へ供給される燃料及び空気の増減が小さいときに実行されるのが好ましい。
第2実施形態の水素生成装置は、第1実施形態の水素生成装置において、制御器は、CO検出器が異常と判断すると、水素生成装置の運転を停止する。なお、本実施形態の水素生成装置は、上記特徴以外は、第1実施形態の水素生成装置と同様に構成してもよい。
第3実施形態の水素生成装置は、第2実施形態の水素生成装置において、制御器は、CO検出器が異常と判断すると、水素生成装置の再起動を禁止する。
第4実施形態の水素生成装置は、第1実施形態~第3実施形態のいずれかの水素生成装置において、CO検出器が異常であることを報知する報知器をさらに備える。なお、本実施形態の水素生成装置は、上記特徴以外は、第1実施形態~第3実施形態のいずれかの水素生成装置と同様に構成してもよい。
図5は、第4実施形態の水素生成装置の概略構成の一例を示す模式図である。
図6は、第4実施形態の水素生成装置の概略動作の一例を示すフローチャートである。
第5実施形態の水素生成装置は、第1実施形態~第4実施形態のいずれかの水素生成装置において、制御器は、CO検出器の異常を検査した後に、空気供給器及び燃料供給器の少なくともいずれか一方の機器を制御して、燃焼排ガス中のCO濃度が低下するよう燃焼器における空気比を低下させる。なお、本実施形態の水素生成装置は、上記特徴以外は、第1実施形態~第4実施形態のいずれかの水素生成装置と同様に構成してもよい。
第6実施形態の水素生成装置は、第5実施形態の水素生成装置において、所定時間経過後に、燃焼器における空気比を低下するよう燃料供給器及び空気供給器の少なくともいずれか一方の機器を制御する。
第7実施形態の水素生成装置は、第1実施形態~第6実施形態のいずれかの水素生成装置において、制御器は、改質器で水素含有ガスの生成開始前に燃焼器で改質器を加熱しているときに、空気供給器及び燃料供給器の少なくともいずれか一方を制御して、燃焼排ガス中のCO濃度が増加するよう燃焼器における空気比を増加させた後、CO検出器の異常を検査する。なお、本実施形態の水素生成装置は、上記特徴以外は、第1実施形態~第6実施形態のいずれかの水素生成装置と同様に構成してもよい。
第8実施形態の水素生成装置は、第1実施形態~第7実施形態のいずれかの水素生成装置において、制御器は、改質器内での水蒸気に対する原料の量が、水素含有ガスを生成しているときよりも少ないときに、CO検出器の異常を検査する。
第9実施形態の水素生成装置は、第1実施形態~第8実施形態のいずれかの水素生成装置において、制御器は、改質器内での水蒸気に対する原料の量が、水素含有ガスを生成しているときよりも多く、かつ、炭素析出しない温度であるときに、CO検出器の異常を検査する。なお、本実施形態の水素生成装置は、上記特徴以外は、第1実施形態~第8実施形態のいずれかの水素生成装置と同様に構成してもよい。
図11は、第9実施形態の水素生成装置の概略構成の一例を示す模式図である。
次に、第9実施形態の水素生成装置100の動作について、図11及び図12を参照しながら説明する。
第10実施形態の水素生成装置は、第1実施形態~第9実施形態のいずれかの水素生成装置において、制御器は、改質器での水素含有ガスの生成を停止後、改質器内に原料を補給した後に、CO検出器の異常を検査する。なお、本実施形態の水素生成装置は、上記特徴以外は、第1実施形態~第9実施形態のいずれかの水素生成装置と同様に構成してもよい。
図13は、第10実施形態の水素生成装置の概略構成の一例を示す模式図である。
次に、第10実施形態の水素生成装置100の動作について、図13及び図14を参照しながら説明する。
第11実施形態の水素生成装置は、第1実施形態~第10実施形態のいずれかの水素生成装置において、制御器は、CO検出器の異常を検査後、所定時間経過後に起動する際には、起動処理時にCO検出器の異常を検査し、所定時間経過前に起動する際には、起動処理時にCO検出器の異常を検査しないように構成されている。なお、本実施形態の水素生成装置は、上記特徴以外は、第1実施形態~第10実施形態のいずれかの水素生成装置と同様に構成してもよい。
第12実施形態の水素生成装置は、第1実施形態~第11実施形態のいずれかの水素生成装置において、制御器は、CO検出器の異常を検査後、起動処理時又は所定の運転時間内に停止し、再起動する際には、再起動時にCO検出器の異常を検査しないように構成されている。なお、本実施形態の水素生成装置は、上記特徴以外は、第1実施形態~第11実施形態のいずれかの水素生成装置と同様に構成してもよい。
第13実施形態の燃料電池システムは、第1実施形態~第12実施形態のいずれかの水素生成装置と、水素生成装置から供給される水素含有ガスを用いて発電する燃料電池と、を備える。
第14実施形態の燃料電池システムは、第13実施形態の燃料電池システムにおいて、制御器は、発電運転時においてCO検出器の異常を検査する。
図19は、第14実施形態の燃料電池システムの概略構成の一例を示す模式図である。
次に、第14実施形態の水素生成装置100の動作について、図19及び図20を参照しながら説明する。なお、以下では、燃料電池システム200の発電運転は、公知の燃料電池システムと同様に行われるため、その詳細な説明は省略し、CO検出器5の異常を検査する異常検査について説明する。また、本実施形態の燃料電池システムでは、異常検査は、燃料電池の発電運転時に実行される。
次に、第14実施形態の燃料電池システムにおける変形例について説明する。
2 燃焼器
3 空気供給器
4 燃料供給器
5 CO検出器
6 原料供給器
7 水蒸気供給器
10 制御器
11 空気供給経路
12 燃料供給経路
13 原料供給経路
14 水供給経路
15 燃焼排ガス経路
16 水素含有ガス供給経路
17 オフ水素含有ガス経路
18 出力制御器
20 温度検知器
21 開閉弁
22 開閉弁
30 燃料電池
40 報知器
100 水素生成装置
200 燃料電池システム
Claims (20)
- 改質反応により水素含有ガスを生成する改質器と、
前記改質器を加熱する燃焼器と、
前記燃焼器に空気を供給する空気供給器と、
前記燃焼器に燃料を供給する燃料供給器と、
前記燃焼器から排出される燃焼排ガス中の一酸化炭素濃度を検出するCO検出器と、
前記空気供給器及び前記燃料供給器の少なくともいずれか一方を制御して、前記燃焼排ガス中のCO濃度が増加するよう前記燃焼器における空気比を増加させた後、前記CO検出器の異常を検査する制御器と、を備える、水素生成装置。 - 前記制御器は、前記CO検出器が異常と判断すると、前記水素生成装置の運転を停止する、請求項1に記載の水素生成装置。
- 前記制御器は、前記CO検出器が異常と判断すると、前記水素生成装置の再起動を禁止する、請求項2に記載の水素生成装置。
- 前記CO検出器が異常であることを報知する報知器をさらに備える、請求項1~3のいずれか1項に記載の水素生成装置。
- 前記制御器は、前記CO検出器の異常を検査した後に、前記空気供給器及び前記燃料供給器の少なくともいずれか一方の機器を制御して、前記燃焼排ガス中の前記CO濃度が低下するよう前記燃焼器における空気比を低下させる、請求項1~4のいずれか1項に記載の水素生成装置。
- 前記制御器は、前記燃焼排ガス中の前記CO濃度が増加するよう前記燃焼器における空気比を増加させた後に、前記燃焼器から排出される燃焼排ガス中の一酸化炭素の総量が、第1の閾値以上になると、前記空気供給器及び前記燃料供給器の少なくともいずれか一方の機器を制御して、前記燃焼排ガス中の前記CO濃度が低下するよう前記燃焼器における空気比を低下させる、請求項1~4のいずれか1項に記載の水素生成装置。
- 前記制御器は、前記燃焼排ガス中の前記CO濃度が増加するよう前記燃焼器における空気比を増加させた後に、前記燃焼器で生成することができる最も高いCO濃度と時間との積の値が第2の閾値以上になると、前記空気供給器及び前記燃料供給器の少なくともいずれか一方の機器を制御して、前記燃焼排ガス中の前記CO濃度が低下するよう前記燃焼器における空気比を低下させる、請求項5に記載の水素生成装置。
- 前記制御器は、前記改質器で水素含有ガスの生成開始前に前記燃焼器で前記改質器を加熱しているときに、前記空気供給器及び前記燃料供給器の少なくともいずれか一方を制御して、前記燃焼排ガス中のCO濃度が増加するよう前記燃焼器における空気比を増加させた後、前記CO検出器の異常を検査する、請求項1~7のいずれか1項に記載の水素生成装置。
- 前記制御器は、前記改質器内での水蒸気に対する原料の量が水素含有ガスを生成しているときよりも少ないときに、前記CO検出器の異常を検査する、請求項1~8のいずれか1項に記載の水素生成装置。
- 前記制御器は、前記改質器への前記原料の供給を停止し、前記改質器内を前記水蒸気でパージした後に、前記CO検出器の異常を検査する、請求項9に記載の水素生成装置。
- 前記制御器は、前記改質器内での水蒸気に対する原料の量が、水素含有ガスを生成しているときよりも多く、かつ、炭素析出しない温度であるときに、前記CO検出器の異常を検査する、請求項1~10のいずれか1項に記載の水素生成装置。
- 前記制御器は、前記改質器での水素含有ガスの生成を停止した後に、前記CO検出器の異常を検査する、請求項11に記載の水素生成装置。
- 前記制御器は、前記改質器での水素含有ガスの生成を停止した後、前記改質器内を前記原料でパージするときに、前記CO検出器の異常を検査する、請求項11に記載の水素生成装置。
- 前記制御器は、前記改質器での水素含有ガスの生成を停止後、前記改質器内に前記原料を補給した後に、前記CO検出器の異常を検査する、請求項11に記載の水素生成装置。
- 前記制御器は、前記CO検出器の異常を検査後、所定時間経過後に起動する際には、起動処理時に前記CO検出器の異常を検査し、所定時間経過前に起動する際には、起動処理時に前記CO検出器の異常を検査しない、請求項1~14のいずれか1項に記載の水素生成装置。
- 前記制御器は、前記CO検出器の異常を検査後、起動処理時又は所定の運転時間内に停止し、再起動する際には、再起動時に前記CO検出器の異常を検査しない、請求項1~15のいずれか1項に記載の水素生成装置。
- 請求項1~16のいずれか1項に記載の水素生成装置と、
前記水素生成装置から供給される水素含有ガスを用いて発電する燃料電池と、を備える、燃料電池システム。 - 前記制御器は、発電運転時において前記CO検出器の異常を検査する、請求項17に記載の燃料電池システム。
- 改質器において水素含有ガスを生成するステップと、
燃焼器で燃料供給器より供給される燃料及び空気供給器より供給される空気を燃焼して、前記改質器を加熱するステップと、
CO検出器で前記燃焼器から排出される燃焼排ガス中の一酸化炭素濃度を検出するステップと、
前記燃焼排ガス中のCO濃度が増加するよう前記燃焼器における空気比を増加させるステップと、
燃焼排ガス中のCO濃度が増加するよう前記燃焼器における空気比を増加させた後、前記CO検出器の異常を検査する異常検査を実行するステップと、を備える、
水素生成装置の運転方法。 - 改質器において水素含有ガスを生成するステップと、
前記水素含有ガスを用いて燃料電池で発電するステップと、
燃焼器で燃料供給器より供給される燃料及び空気供給器より供給される空気を燃焼して、前記改質器を加熱するステップと、
CO検出器で前記燃焼器から排出される燃焼排ガス中の一酸化炭素濃度を検出するステップと、
前記燃焼排ガス中のCO濃度が増加するよう前記燃焼器における空気比を増加させるステップと、
前記燃焼排ガス中のCO濃度が増加するよう前記燃焼器における空気比を増加させた後、前記CO検出器の異常を検査する異常検査を実行するステップと、を備える、
燃料電池システムの運転方法。
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US14/379,154 US9685672B2 (en) | 2012-12-19 | 2013-11-19 | Hydrogen generation apparatus, fuel cell system including the same, method of operating hydrogen generation apparatus and method of operating fuel cell system |
JP2014514267A JP5581466B1 (ja) | 2012-12-19 | 2013-11-19 | 水素生成装置、これを備える燃料電池システム、水素生成装置の運転方法、及び燃料電池システムの運転方法 |
EP13864284.8A EP2808298B1 (en) | 2012-12-19 | 2013-11-19 | Method for operating hydrogen generation device and method for operating a fuel cell system |
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Cited By (3)
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JP2014218408A (ja) * | 2013-05-10 | 2014-11-20 | パナソニック株式会社 | 水素生成装置及び燃料電池システム |
WO2017204278A1 (ja) * | 2016-05-27 | 2017-11-30 | パナソニックIpマネジメント株式会社 | 水素生成装置及びそれを備えた燃料電池システムならびに水素生成装置の運転方法 |
JPWO2018173620A1 (ja) * | 2017-03-21 | 2020-01-30 | パナソニックIpマネジメント株式会社 | 燃料電池システム |
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EP2980902B1 (en) * | 2013-03-28 | 2018-05-02 | Panasonic Intellectual Property Management Co., Ltd. | Hydrogen generation apparatus, fuel cell system including the same, method of operating hydrogen generation apparatus, and method of operating fuel cell system |
KR20230162999A (ko) | 2016-11-09 | 2023-11-29 | 8 리버스 캐피탈, 엘엘씨 | 통합 수소 생산을 구비하는 동력 생산을 위한 시스템들 및 방법들 |
CA3058443A1 (en) | 2017-03-31 | 2018-10-04 | Generac Power Systems, Inc. | Carbon monoxide detecting system for internal combustion engine-based machines |
DE102017109903A1 (de) * | 2017-05-09 | 2018-11-15 | Vaillant Gmbh | Verfahren zum Erkennen erhöhter CO-Emissionen bei einem Brennstoffzellen-Heizsystem |
AU2020292848A1 (en) | 2019-06-13 | 2022-02-03 | 8 Rivers Capital, Llc | Power production with cogeneration of further products |
US11691874B2 (en) | 2021-11-18 | 2023-07-04 | 8 Rivers Capital, Llc | Apparatuses and methods for hydrogen production |
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JPWO2018173620A1 (ja) * | 2017-03-21 | 2020-01-30 | パナソニックIpマネジメント株式会社 | 燃料電池システム |
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EP2808298A1 (en) | 2014-12-03 |
US20150349364A1 (en) | 2015-12-03 |
EP2808298A4 (en) | 2015-08-05 |
JPWO2014097537A1 (ja) | 2017-01-12 |
EP2808298B1 (en) | 2017-08-02 |
JP5581466B1 (ja) | 2014-08-27 |
US9685672B2 (en) | 2017-06-20 |
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