WO2014095826A1

WO2014095826A1 - Binary fungicidal and bactericidal combinations

Info

Publication number: WO2014095826A1
Application number: PCT/EP2013/076857
Authority: WO
Inventors: Peter Dahmen; Ulrike Wachendorff-Neumann
Original assignee: Bayer Cropscience Ag
Priority date: 2012-12-18
Filing date: 2013-12-17
Publication date: 2014-06-26
Also published as: TW201818818A; JP2018076345A; TWI649032B; KR102185569B1; AR093996A1; KR20150097667A; JP6263200B2; TW201440650A; CN105451559B; TWI644617B; JP2016505581A; CN105451559A

Abstract

The invention relates to novel active compound combinations, in particular to fungicidal and/or insecticidal and/or bactericidal compositions comprising (A) isotianil and at least one fungicidally active compound (B) selected from the group comprising of (B1) members of the group of host defense inducers selected from tiadinil and probenazole, and comprising of (B2) members of the other fungicides group selected from isopyrazam and propiconazole.

Description

Binary fungicidal and bactericidal combinations

The invention relates to novel active compound combinations, in particular to fungicidal and/or insecticidal and/or bactericidal compositions comprising (A) isotianil (3,4-dichloro-N-(2-cyanophenyl)-5-isothiazole- carboxamide) and at least one further compound (B) selected from the group comprising of (Bl) members of the group of host defense inducers selected from tiadinil and probenazole, and (B2) members of the other fungicides group selected from isopyrazam and propiconazole.

The present invention further relates to a process for preparing these combinations, to compositions comprising these combinations, and to the use thereof as biologically active combinations, especially for control of harmful microorganisms in crop protection and in the protection of materials and for enhancing plant health. Moreover, the invention relates to a method for curatively or preventively controlling the phyto- pathogenic fungi or bacteria of plants or crops, to the use of a combination according to the invention for the treatment of seed, to a method for protecting a seed and not at least to the treated seed.

It is already known that isotianil (compound (A)) is highly suitable for protecting plants against attack by undesirable phytopathogenic fungi and microorganisms, in particular bacteria (WO 99/024 413, WO 2006/098128, JP 2007-84566, WO 96/29871US-A 5,240,951 and JP-A 06-009313, WO 2010/089055). Isotianil (compound (A)) according to the invention is suitable both for mobilizing the defenses of the plant against attack by undesirable phytopathogenic fungi and microorganisms and as microbicide for the direct control of phytopathogenic fungi and microorganisms, in particular bacteria. In addition, isotianil is also active against pests which damage plants (WO 99/24414). Combinations of isotianil with selected fungicides have been described in WO 2005/009130 and WO 2010/069489. The activity of this substance is good; however, at low application rates it is in some cases unsatisfactory.

Since, moreover, the environmental and economic requirements imposed on modern-day fungicides and bactericides are continually increasing, with regard, for example, to the spectrum of action, toxicity, selectivity, application rate, formation of residues, and favourable preparation ability, and since, furthermore, there may be problems, for example, with resistances, a constant task is to develop new fungicidal and/or bactericidal agents which in some areas at least have advantages over their known counterparts.

The invention provides active compound combinations/compositions which in some aspects at least achieve the stated objectives.

It has now surprisingly found out that combinations comprising (A) isotianil and (B) at least one further fun- gicide selected from the group comprising of (Bl) members of the group of host defense inducers selected from tiadinil (2.1) and probenazole (2.2), and comprising of (B2) members of the other fungicides group selected from isopyrazam (2.3) and propiconazole (2.4) have a superior efficiency as those combinations known from prior art. The combinations according to the present invention show a superior efficiency against harmful microorganisms, in particular phytopathogenic fungi and bacteria as compared with the compositions known from prior art.

In particular, the combinations according to the present invention possess preferably a synergistic effect in their application as a fungicide or bactericide against harmful microorganisms, in particular phytopathogenic fungi and bacteria.

Furthermore, the combinations according to the present invention possess a superior synergistic effect as compared with the known combinations of the prior art against harmful microorganisms, in particular phytopathogenic fungi and bacteria. The synergistic effect of the combinations and compositions according to the present invention extends the range of action of the component (A) and of the component (B) in two ways. Firstly, the rates of application of the component (A) and of the component (B) are lowered whilst the action remains equally good. Secondly, the combination still achieves a high degree of phytopathogen control even where the two individual compounds have become totally ineffective in such a low application rate range. This allows, on the one hand, a substantial broadening of the spectrum of phytopathogens that can be controlled and, on the other hand, increased safety in use.

However, besides the actual synergistic action with respect to fungicidal or bactericidal activity, the pesti- cidal combinations according to the invention also have further surprising advantageous properties which can also be described, in a wider sense, as synergistic activity. Examples of such advantageous properties that may be mentioned are: a broadening of the spectrum of fungicidal activity to other phytopathogens, for example to resistant strains; a reduction in the rate of application of the active ingredients; adequate pest control with the aid of the compositions according to the invention, even at a rate of application at which the individual compounds are totally ineffective; advantageous behaviour during formulation or upon application, for example upon grinding, sieving, emulsifying, dissolving or dispensing; increased storage stability; improved stability to light; more ad- vantageuos degradability; improved toxicological or ecotoxicological behaviour; improved characteristics of the useful plants including: emergence, crop yields, more developed root system, tillering increase, increase in plant height, bigger leaf blade, less dead basal leaves, stronger tillers, greener leaf color, less fertilizers needed, less seeds needed, more productive tillers, earlier flowering, early grain maturity, less plant verse (lodging), increased shoot growth, improved plant vigor, and early germination; or any other advantages familiar to a person skilled in the art.

The combination according to the invention can also provide an improved systemicity to the active compounds that are used. Indeed, even if some of the used fungicide compounds do not possess any or a satis- fying systemicity, within the composition according to the invention these compounds can exhibit such a property.

In a similar manner, the combination according to the invention can allow an increased persistence of the fungicide efficacy of the active compounds that are employed. Another advantage of the combination according to the invention relies in that an increased curativity is achievable.

The compound (A) isotianil is combined with (B) at least one compound selected from the group comprising of (Bl) members of the group of host defense inducers selected from tiadinil (2.1) and probenazole (2.2), and comprising of (B2) members of the other fungicides group selected from isopyrazam (2.3) and pro- piconazole (2.4).

(A) Isotianil (chemical name 3,4-dichloro-N-(2-cyanophenyl)-5-isothiazole-carboxamide) and methods for its production on basis of commercially available compounds can be found in WO 99/024413.

Isotianil

(2.1) Tiadinil (chemical name: A^-(3-chloro-4-methylphenyl)-4-methyl-l,2,3-thiadiazole-5-carboxamide) and methods for its production on basis of commercially available compounds can be found in WO 96/29871 / US 6166054.

Tiadinil

(2.2) Probenazole (chemical name: 3-(2-propenyloxy)-l,2-benzisothiazole 1,1-dioxide) and methods for its production on basis of commercially available compounds can be found in US3629428.

Probenazole (2.3) Isopyrazam is a combination comprising both syn isomers of 3-(difluormethyl)-l-methyl-N- [(lRS,4SR,9RS)-l,2,3,4-tetrahydro-9-isopropyl-l,4-methanonaphthalen-5-yl]pyrazole-4-carboxamide and both anti isomers of 3-(difluormethyl)-l-methyl-N-[(lRS,4SR,9SR)-l,2,3,4-tetrahydro-9-isopropyl-l,4- methanonaphthalen-5-yl]pyrazole-4-carboxamide. Isopyrazam further comprises isopyrazam (anti- epimeric racemate 1RS,4SR,9SR), isopyrazam (anti-epimeric enantiomer 1R,4S,9S), isopyrazam (anti- epimeric enantiomer 1S,4R,9R), isopyrazam (syn epimeric racemate 1RS,4SR,9RS), isopyrazam (syn- epimeric enantiomer 1R,4S,9R), and isopyrazam (syn-epimeric enantiomer 1S,4R,9S). Isopyrazam and methods for its production on basis of commercially available compounds is given in WO 2004/035589.

(2.4) Propiconazole (chemical name: l-[[2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-4-propyl-l,3-dioxolan-2-yl]methyl]-lff- 1,2,4-triazole) and methods for its production on basis of commercially available compounds can be found in DE-A 2551560.

Propiconazole

The compound (A) isotianil and the compounds (B) (2.1, 2.2, 2.3, and 2.4) of the combination or composition according to the present invention can be combined in any specific ratio between this two mandatory compo- nents. In the combinations or compositions according to the invention the compound (A) and compounds (B) are present in a synergistically effective weight ratio of (A) : (B) in a range of 1000:1 to 1: 1000, preferably in a weight ratio of 500:1 to 1:500, most preferably in a weight ratio of 100:1 to 1:100. Further ratios of (A) : (B) which can be used according to the present invention with increasing preferences the order given are: 800: 1 to 1:800, 700:1 to 1:700, 750:1 to 1:750, 600: 1 to 1 :600, 400:1 to 1:400, 300: 1 to 1:300, 250:1 to 1:250, 200:1 to 1:200, 95:1 to 1:95, 90:1 to 1:90, 85:1 to 1 :85, 80:1 to 1 :80, 75:1 to 1:75, 70:1 to 1:70, 65:1 to 1:65, 60:1 to 1 :60, 55: 1 to 1 :55, 45: 1 to 1 :45, 40: 1 to 1 :40, 35: 1 to 1 :35, 30:1 to 1:30, 25:1 to 1:25, 20:1 to 1:20, 15: 1 to 1: 15, 10: 1 to 1: 10, 5:1 to 1:5, 4:1 to 1 :4, 3:1 to 1 :3, 2:1 to 1:2. Preferred ratios are 25: 1 to 1 :25, 20:1 to 1:20, 15:1 to 1:15, 10:1 to 1:10, 5: 1 to 1 :5, 4:1 to 1:4, 3:1 to 1:3, 2: 1 to 1:2. According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the combination partners (A):(B) are present in a weight ratio of 1:25 to 25:1. More preferred ratios are 10: 1 to 1:10, 5: 1 to 1:5, 4: 1 to 1:4, 3:1 to 1 :3, 2:1 to 1:2. Most preferred ratios are 5:1 to 1:5, 4:1 to 1:4, 3:1 to 1:3, 2:1 to 1:2.

Following combinations exemplify specific embodiments of the combination according to the present invention:

Isotianil + tiadinil; isotianil + probenazole; isotianil + isopyrazam; and isotianil + propiconazole. The above mentioned combinations or compositions may be used alone or in combination with other active ingredients such as bactericides, fungicides, acaricides, nematicides, herbicides, insecticides, micronutrients and micronutrient-containing compounds, safeners, lipochito-oligosaccharide compounds (LCO), soil- improvement products or products for reducing plant stress, for example Myconate, in order to widen the spectrum of action or to prevent the development of resistance, for example:

(The active ingredients specified herein by their "common name" are known and described, for example, in the Pesticide Manual ("The Pesticide Manual", 14th Ed., British Crop Protection Council 2006) or can be searched in the internet (e.g. http://www.alanwood.net/pesticides)).

Antibiotics such as kasugamycin, streptomycin, oxytetracyclin, validamycin, gentamycin, aureofungin, blasticidin-S, cycloheximide, griseofulvin, moroxydine, natamycin, polyoxins, polyoxorim and combinations therof.

Fungicides:

(1) Inhibitors of the ergosterol biosynthesis, for example aldimorph, azaconazole, bitertanol, bromucona- zole, cyproconazole, diclobutrazole, difenoconazole, diniconazole, diniconazole-M, dodemorph, do- demorph acetate, epoxiconazole, etaconazole, fenarimol, fenbuconazole, fenhexamid, fenpropidin, fenpropimorph, fluquinconazole, flurprimidol, flusilazole, flutriafol, furconazole, furconazole-cis, hexa- conazole, imazalil, imazalil sulfate, imibenconazole, ipconazole, metconazole, myclobutanil, naftifine, nuarimol, oxpoconazole, paclobutrazol, pefurazoate, penconazole, piperalin, prochloraz, propiconazole, prothioconazole, pyributicarb, pyrifenox, quinconazole, simeconazole, spiroxamine, tebuconazole, terbinafine, tetraconazole, triadimefon, triadimenol, tridemorph, triflumizole, triforine, triticonazole, uni- conazole, uniconazole-p, viniconazole, voriconazole, l-(4-chlorophenyl)-2-(lH-l,2,4-triazol-l- yl)cycloheptanol, methyl l-(2,2-dimethyl-2,3-dihydro-lH-inden-l-yl)-lH-imidazole-5-carboxylate, N'-{5- (difluoromethyl)-2-methyl-4-[3-(trimemylsilyl)propoxy]phenyl}-N-ethyl-N-methylinddoformamide, N- ethyl-N-methyl-N'-{2-methyl-5-(trifluoromethyl)-4-[3-(trimethylsUyl)propoxy]phenyl}irnidoformamide and 0-[l-(4-methoxyphenoxy)-3,3-dimethylbutan-2-yl] lH-imidazole-l-carbothioate.

(2) inhibitors of the respiratory chain at complex I or II, for example bixafen, boscalid, carboxin, diflumetorim, fenfuram, fluopyram, flutolanil, fluxapyroxad, furametpyr, furmecyclox, isopyrazam (mixture of syn-epimeric racemate 1RS,4SR,9RS and anti-epimeric racemate 1RS,4SR,9SR), isopyrazam (anti- epimeric racemate 1RS,4SR,9SR), isopyrazam (anti-epimeric enantiomer 1R,4S,9S), isopyrazam (anti- epimeric enantiomer 1S,4R,9R), isopyrazam (syn epimeric racemate 1RS,4SR,9RS), isopyrazam (syn- epimeric enantiomer 1R,4S,9R), isopyrazam (syn-epimeric enantiomer 1S,4R,9S), mepronil, oxycarboxin, penflufen, penthiopyrad, sedaxane, thifluzamide, l-methyl-N-[2-(l,l,2,2-tetrafluoroethoxy)phenyl]-3- (trifluoromethyl)-lH-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, 3-(difluoromethyl)-l-methyl-N-[2-(l, 1,2,2- tetrafluoroethoxy)phenyl] - 1 H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide , 3 -(difluoromethyl) -N- [4-fluoro-2-( 1 ,1,2,3,3,3- hexafluoropropoxy)phenyl] - 1 -methyl- 1 H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, N- [ 1 -(2,4-dichlorophenyl) - 1 - methoxypropan-2-yl]-3-(difluoromethyl)- 1 -methyl- 1 H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, 5 ,8-difluoro-N-[2-(2- fluoro-4-{ [4-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-yl]oxy}phenyl)ethyl]quinazolin-4-amine, N-[9- (dichloromethylene)-l,2,3,4-tetrahydro-l,4-methanonaphthalen-5-yl]-3-(difluoromethyl)-l -methyl- 1H- pyrazole-4-carboxamide, N-[(lS,4R)-9-(dichloromethylene)-l,2,3,4-tetrahydro-l,4-methanonaphthalen-5- yl]-3-(difluoromethyl)-l-methyl-lH-pyrazole-4-carboxamide and N-[(lR,4S)-9-(dichloromethylene)- l,2,3,4-tetrahydro-l,4-methanonaphthalen-5-yl]-3-(difluoromethyl)-l -methyl- lH-pyrazole-4-carboxamide.

(3) inhibitors of the respiratory chain at complex III, for example ametoctradin, amisulbrom, azoxystrobin, cyazofamid, coumethoxystrobin, coumoxystrobin, dimoxystrobin, enestroburin, famoxadone, fenamidone, fenoxystrobin, fluoxastrobin, kresoxim-methyl, metominostrobin, orysastrobin, picoxystrobin, pyra- clostrobin, pyrametostrobin, pyraoxystrobin, pyribencarb, triclopyricarb, trifloxystrobin, (2E)-2-(2-{ [6-(3- chloro-2-methylphenoxy)-5-fluoropyrimidin-4-yl]oxy}phenyl)-2-(methoxyimino)-N-methylethanamide, (2E)-2-(methoxyimino)-N-methyl-2-(2- { [( { ( 1 E)- 1 -[3-

(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethylidene } amino)oxy] methyl }phenyl)ethanamide, (2E)-2-(methoxyimino)-N- methyl-2-{2-[(E)-({ l-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]emoxy}imino)methyl]phenyl}ethanarnide, (2E)-2-{2- [({ [(lE)-l-(3-{ [(E)- 1 -fluoro-2-phenylethenyl] oxy }phenyl)ethylidene] amino } oxy)methyl]phenyl } -2-

(methoxyimino)-N-methylethanamide, (2E)-2-{2-[({[(2E,3E)-4-(2,6-dichlorophenyl)but-3-en-2- ylidene] amino }oxy)methyl]phenyl } -2-(methoxyimino)-N-methylethanamide, 2-chloro-N-(l , 1 ,3-trimethyl- 2,3 -dihydro- 1 H-inden-4-yl)pyridine-3 -carboxamide, 5 -methoxy-2-methyl-4-(2- { [( { ( 1 E)- 1 - [3 -

(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethylidene } amino)oxy] methyl }phenyl)-2,4-dihydro-3H- 1 ,2,4-triazol-3-one, me- thyl (2E)-2- { 2- [( { cyclopropyl [(4-methoxyphenyl)imino] methyl } sulf nyl)methyl]phenyl } -3 -methoxyprop- 2-enoate, N-(3 -ethyl-3 ,5,5 -trimethylcyclohexyl)-3 -(f ormylamino) -2-hydroxybenzamide, 2- { 2- [(2,5 - dimethylphenoxy)methyl]phenyl } -2-methoxy-N-methylacetamide and (2R)-2-{ 2-[(2,5- dimethylphenoxy)methyl]phenyl } -2-methoxy-N-methylacetamide.

(4) Inhibitors of the mitosis and cell division, for example benomyl, carbendazim, chlorfenazole, dietho- fencarb, ethaboxam, fluopicolide, fuberidazole, pencycuron, thiabendazole, thiophanate-methyl, thiophan- ate, zoxamide, 5-chloro-7-(4-methylpiperidin-l-yl)-6-(2,4,6-trifluorophenyl)[l,2,4]triazolo[l,5- a]pyrimidine and 3-chloro-5-(6-chloropyridin-3-yl)-6-methyl-4-(2,4,6-trifluorophenyl)pyridazine.

(5) Compounds capable to have a multisite action, for example bordeaux mixture, captafol, captan, chloro- thalonil, copper hydroxide, copper naphthenate, copper oxide, copper oxychloride, copper(2+) sulfate, di- chlofluanid, dithianon, dodine, dodine free base, ferbam, fluorofolpet, folpet, guazatine, guazatine acetate, iminoctadine, iminoctadine albesilate, iminoctadine triacetate, mancopper, mancozeb, maneb, metiram, metiram zinc, oxine -copper, propamidine, propineb, sulphur and sulphur preparations including calcium polysulphide, thiram, tolylfluanid, zineb and ziram.

(6) Compounds capable to induce a host defence, for example acibenzolar-S-methyl, isotianil, probenazole and tiadinil. (7) Inhibitors of the amino acid and/or protein biosynthesis, for example andoprim, blasticidin-S, cyprodi- nil, kasugamycin, kasugamycin hydrochloride hydrate, mepanipyrim, pyrimethanil and 3-(5-fluoro- 3,3,4,4-tetramethyl-3,4-dihydroisoquinolin-l-yl)quinoline.

(8) Inhibitors of the ATP production, for example fentin acetate, fentin chloride, fentin hydroxide and silthiofam.

(9) Inhibitors of the cell wall synthesis, for example benthiavalicarb, dimethomorph, flumorph, iprovali- carb, mandipropamid, polyoxins, polyoxorim, validamycin A and valifenalate.

(10) Inhibitors of the lipid and membrane synthesis, for example biphenyl, chloroneb, dicloran, edif- enphos, etridiazole, iodocarb, iprobenfos, isoprothiolane, propamocarb, propamocarb hydrochloride, prothiocarb, pyrazophos, quintozene, tecnazene and tolclofos-methyl.

(11) Inhibitors of the melanine biosynthesis, for example carpropamid, diclocymet, fenoxanil, phthalide, pyroquilon, tricyclazole and 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl {3-methyl-l-[(4-methylbenzoyl)amino]butan-2- yl} carbamate.

(12) Inhibitors of the nucleic acid synthesis, for example benalaxyl, benalaxyl-M (kiralaxyl), bupirimate, clozylacon, dimethirimol, ethirimol, furalaxyl, hymexazol, metalaxyl, metalaxyl-M (mefenoxam), ofurace, oxadixyl and oxolinic acid.

(13) Inhibitors of the signal transduction, for example chlozolinate, fenpiclonil, fludioxonil, iprodione, procymidone, quinoxyfen and vinclozolin.

(14) Compounds capable to act as an uncoupler, for example binapacryl, dinocap, ferimzone, fluazinam and meptyldinocap.

(15) Further compounds, for example benthiazole, bethoxazin, capsimycin, carvone, chinomethionat, pyri- ofenone (chlazafenone), cufraneb, cyflufenamid, cymoxanil, cyprosulf amide, dazomet, debacarb, dichlo- rophen, diclomezine, difenzoquat, difenzoquat methylsulphate, diphenylamine, ecomate, fenpyrazamine, flumetover, fluoroimide, flusulfamide, flutianil, fosetyl-aluminium, fosetyl-calcium, fosetyl-sodium, hexa- chlorobenzene, irumamycin, methasulfocarb, methyl isothiocyanate, metrafenone, mildiomycin, natamy- cin, nickel dimethyldithiocarbamate, nitrothal-isopropyl, octhilinone, oxamocarb, oxyfenthiin, pentachlo- rophenol and salts, phenothrin, phosphorous acid and its salts, propamocarb-fosetylate, propanosine- sodium, proquinazid, pyrimorph, (2E)-3-(4-tert-butylphenyl)-3-(2-chloropyridin-4-yl)-l-(morpholin-4- yl)prop-2-en-l-one, (2Z)-3-(4-tert-butylphenyl)-3-(2-chloropyridin-4-yl)-l-(morpholin-4-yl)prop-2-en-l- one, pyrrolnitrine, tebufloquin, tecloftalam, tolnifanide, triazoxide, trichlamide, zarilamid, (3S,6S,7R,8R)- 843enzyl-3-[({3-[(isobutyryloxy)methoxy]-4-methoxypyridin-2-yl}carbonyl)amino]-6-methyl-4,9-dioxo- l,5-dioxonan-7-yl 2-methylpropanoate, l-(4-{4-[(5R)-5-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-4,5-dihydro-l,2-oxazol-3- yl] - 1 ,3-thiazol-2-yl Jpiperidin- 1 -yl)-2-[5-methyl-3-(trifluoromefhyl)- 1 H-pyrazol- 1 -yl]ethanone, l-(4- {4- [(5S)-5-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-4,5-dihydro-l,2-oxazol-3-yl]-1 -thiazol-2-yl}piperidin-l-yl)-2-[5-meth (trifluoromethyl)-lH-pyrazol-l-yl]ethanone, l-(4-{4-[5-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-4,5-dihydro-l,2-oxazol-3-yl]- 1 ,3 -thiazol-2-yl Jpiperidin- 1 -yl) -2- [5 -methyl-3 -(trifluoromethyl) - 1 H-pyrazol- 1 -yl] ethanone, 1 -(4- methoxyphenoxy)-3,3-dimethylbutan-2-yl lH-imidazole-l-carboxylate, 2,3,5,6-tetrachloro-4- (methylsulfonyl)pyridine, 2,3-dibutyl-6-chlorothieno[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4(3H)-one, 2- [5 -methyl-3 - (trifluoromethyl) - lH-pyrazol- 1 -yl] - 1 -(4- { 4- [(5R)-5-phenyl-4,5 -dihydro- 1 ,2-oxazol-3 -yl] - 1 ,3 -thiazol-2- yl } piperidin- 1 -yl)ethanone, 2- [5 -methyl-3 -(trifluoromethyl) - 1 H-pyrazol- 1 -yl] - 1 -(4- { 4- [(5 S)-5-phenyl-4,5 - dihydro-l,2-oxazol-3-yl]-l,3-thiazol-2-yl}piperidin-l-yl)ethanone, 2-[5-methyl-3-(trifluoromethyl)-lH- pyrazol- 1 -yl] - 1 - { 4- [4-(5-phenyl-4,5-dihydro- 1 ,2-oxazol-3-yl)-l ,3-thiazol-2-yl]piperidin- 1 -yl } ethanone, 2- butoxy-6-iodo-3-propyl-4H-chromen-4-one, 2-chloro-5-[2-chloro-l-(2,6-difluoro-4-methoxyphenyl)-4- methyl-lH-imidazol-5-yl]pyridine, 2-phenylphenol and salts, 3-(4,4,5-trifluoro-3,3-dimethyl-3,4- dihydroisoquinolin-l-yl)quinoline, 3,4,5-trichloropyridine-2,6-dicarbonitrile, 3-[5-(4-chlorophenyl)-2,3- dimethyl-l,2-oxazolidin-3-yl]pyridine, 3-chloro-5-(4-chlorophenyl)-4-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-6- methylpyridazine, 4-(4-chlorophenyl)-5-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-3,6-dimethylpyridazine, 5-amino-l,3,4- thiadiazole-2-thiol, 5-chloro-N'-phenyl-N'-(prop-2-yn-l-yl)thiophene-2-sulfonohydrazide, 5-fluoro-2-[(4- fluorobenzyl)oxy]pyrimidin-4-amine, 5-fluoro-2-[(4-methylbenzyl)oxy]pyrimidin-4-arnine, 5-inethyl-6- octyl[l ,2,4]triazolo[l,5-a]pyrimidin-7-arnine, ethyl (2Z)-3-amino-2-cyano-3-phenylprop-2-enoate, N'-(4- { [3-(4-chlorobenzyl)-l,2,4-thiadiazol-5-yl]oxy}-2,5-dimethylphenyl)-N-ethyl-N-methylirnidoformarnide, N-(4-chlorobenzyl)-3-[3-methoxy-4-(prop-2-yn- 1 -yloxy)phenyl]propanamide, N-[(4- chlorophenyl)(cyano)methyl]-3-[3-methoxy-4-(prop-2-yn-l-yloxy)phenyl]propanamide, N-[(5-bromo-3- chloropyridin-2-yl)methyl]-2,4-dichloropyridine-3-carboxamide, N-[l-(5-bromo-3-chloropyridin-2- yl)ethyl]-2,4-dichloropyridine-3-carboxamide, N-[l-(5-bromo-3-chloropyridin-2-yl)ethyl]-2-fluoro-4- iodopyridine-3-carboxamide, N-{(E)-[(cyclopropylmethoxy)imino][6-(difluoromethoxy)-2,3- difluorophenyl]methyl } -2-phenylacetamide, N-{ (Z)-[(cyclopropylmethoxy)imino] [6-(difluoromethoxy)- 2,3-difluorophenyl]methyl}-2-phenylacetamide, N'-{4-[(3-tert-butyl-4-cyano-l,2-thiazol-5-yl)oxy]-2- chloro-5 -methylphenyl } -N-ethyl-N-methylimidoformamide, N-methyl-2-( 1 - { [5 -methyl-3 -

(trifluoromethyl) - lH-pyrazol- 1 -yl] acetyl } piperidin-4-yl) -N-( 1,2,3 ,4-tetrahydronaphthalen- 1 -yl) - 1 ,3 - thiazole-4-carboxamide, N-methyl-2-(l-{[5-methyl-3-(trilluoromethyl)-lH-pyrazol-l-yl]acetyl}piperidin- 4-yl)-N-[(lR)-l,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalen-l-yl]-l,3-thiazole-4-carboxamide, N-methyl-2-(l-{ [5-methyl- 3-(trifluoromethyl)- 1 H-pyrazol- 1 -yl]acetyl }piperidin-4-yl)-N- [(1S)-1 ,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalen-l -yl] - l,3-thiazole-4-carboxamide, pentyl {6-[({ [(l-methyl-lH-tetrazol-5- yl)(phenyl)methylidene]amino}oxy)methyl]pyridin-2-yl}carbamate, phenazine-l-carboxylic acid, quino- lin-8-ol, quinolin-8-ol sulfate (2:1) and tert-butyl { 6- [({ [(1 -methyl- lH-tetrazol-5- yl)(phenyl)methylene]amino}oxy)methyl]pyridin-2-yl} carbamate. (16) Further compounds, for example l-methyl-3-(trifluoromethyl)-N-[2'-(triiluoromethyl)biphenyl-2-yl]- lH-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, N-(4'-chlorobiphenyl-2-yl)-3-(difluoromethyl)-l-methyl-lH-pyrazole-4- carboxamide, N-(2' ,4'-dichlorobiphenyl-2-yl) -3 -(difluoromethyl) - 1 -methyl- 1 H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, 3 - (difluoromethyl) -methyl-N-[4'-(trifluorom Ν-(2',5'- difluorobiphenyl-2-yl)-l-methyl-3-(trifluoromethyl)-lH-pyrazole-4-carboxarm 3-(difluoromethyl)-l- methyl-N- [4'-(prop- 1 -yn- 1 -yl)biphenyl-2-yl] - 1 H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, 5 -fluoro- 1 ,3 -dimethyl-N- [4'- (prop- 1 -yn- 1 -yl)biphenyl-2-yl] - 1 H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, 2-chloro-N-[4'-(prop- 1 -yn- 1 -yl)biphenyl-2- yl]pyridine-3-carboxamide, 3-(difluoromethyl)-N-[4'-(3,3-dimethylbut-l-yn-l-yl)biphenyl-2-yl]-l-methyl- 1 H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide , N- [4'-(3 ,3 -dimethylbut- 1 -yn- 1 -yl)biphenyl-2-yl] -5 -fluoro- 1 ,3 -dimethyl- 1 H- pyrazole-4-carboxamide, 3 -(difluoromethyl)-N-(4'-ethynylbiphenyl-2-yl) - 1 -methyl- 1 H-pyrazole-4- carboxamide, N-(4'-ethynylbiphenyl-2-yl)-5-fiuoro-l,3-dimethyl-lH-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, 2-chloro-N- (4'-ethynylbiphenyl-2-yl)pyridine-3-carboxamide, 2-chloro-N-[4'-(3,3-dimethylbut-l-yn-l-yl)biphenyl-2- yl]pyridine-3-carboxamide, 4-(difluoromethyl)-2-methyl-N-[4'-(trifluoromethyl)biphenyl-2-yl]-l,3- thiazole-5-carboxamide, 5-fluoro-N-[4'-(3-hydroxy-3-methylbut-l-yn-l-yl)biphenyl-2-yl]-l,3-dimethyl- 1 H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide , 2-chloro-N- [4'-(3 -hydroxy-3 -methylbut- 1 -yn- 1 -yl)biphenyl-2-yl]pyridine-3 - carboxamide, 3 -(difluoromethyl)-N- [4'-(3-mefhoxy-3 -methylbut- 1 -yn- 1 -yl)biphenyl-2-yl] - 1 -methyl- 1 H- pyrazole-4-carboxamide, 5-fiuoro-N-[4'-(3-methoxy-3-methylbut-l-yn-l-yl)biphenyl-2-yl]-l,3-dimethyl- 1 H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide , 2-chloro-N-[4'-(3-methoxy-3 -methylbut- 1 -yn- 1 -yl)biphenyl-2-yl]pyridine-3 - carboxamide, (5-bromo-2-methoxy-4-methylpyridin-3-yl)(2,3,4-trimethoxy-6-methylphenyl)methanone, N- [2-(4- { [3 -(4-chlorophenyl)prop-2-yn- 1 -yl] oxy } -3 -methoxyphenyl)ethyl] -N2-

(methylsulfonyl)valinamide, 4-oxo-4-[(2-phenylethyl)amino]butanoic acid and but-3-yn-l-yl |6-[({ [(Z)- ( 1 -methyl- 1 H-tetrazol-5 -yl) (phenyl)methylene] amino } oxy)methyl]pyridin-2-yl } carbamate, and combina- tions therof.

Insecticides, acaricides, and nematicides:

Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors, for example carbamates, e.g. Alanycarb, Aldicarb, Bendiocarb, Benfuracarb, Butocarboxim, Butoxycarboxim, Carbaryl, Carbofuran, Carbosulfan, Ethiofencarb, Fe- nobucarb, Formetanate, Furathiocarb, Isoprocarb, Methiocarb, Methomyl, Metolcarb, Oxamyl, Pirimicarb, Propoxur, Thiodicarb, Thiofanox, Triazamate, Trimethacarb, XMC, and Xylylcarb; or organophosphates, e.g. Acephate, Azamethiphos, Azinphos-ethyl, Azinphos-methyl, Cadusafos, Chlorethoxyfos, Chlorfen- vinphos, Chlormephos, Chlorpyrifos, Chlorpyrifos -methyl, Coumaphos, Cyanophos, Demeton-S-methyl, Diazinon, Dichlorvos/DDVP, Dicrotophos, Dimethoate, Dimethylvinphos, Disulfoton, EPN, Ethion, Etho- prophos, Famphur, Fenamiphos, Fenitrothion, Fenthion, Fosthiazate, Heptenophos, Imicyafos, Isofenphos, Isopropyl O-(methoxyaminothio-phosphoryl) salicylate, Isoxathion, Malathion, Mecarbam, Methamidophos, Methidathion, Mevinphos, Monocrotophos, Naled, Omethoate, Oxydemeton-methyl, Parathion, Parathion-methyl, Phenthoate, Phorate, Phosalone, Phosmet, Phosphamidon, Phoxim, Pirimi- phos-methyl, Profenofos, Propetamphos, Prothiofos, Pyraclofos, Pyridaphenthion, Quinalphos, Sulfotep, Tebupirimfos, Temephos, Terbufos, Tetrachlorvinphos, Thiometon, Triazophos, Triclorfon, and Vami- dothion. GABA-gated chloride channel antagonists, for example cyclodiene organochlorines, e.g. Chlordane and Endosulfan; or phenylpyrazoles (fiproles), e.g. Ethiprole and Fipronil.

Sodium channel modulators / voltage -dependent sodium channel blockers, for example pyrethroids, e.g. Acrinathrin, Allethrin, d-cis-trans Allethrin, d-trans Allethrin, Bifenthrin, Bioallethrin, Bioallethrin S- cyclopentenyl isomer, Bioresmethrin, Cycloprothrin, Cyfluthrin, beta-Cyfluthrin, Cyhalothrin, lambda- Cyhalothrin, gamma-Cyhalothrin, Cypermethrin, alpha-Cypermethrin, beta-Cypermethrin, theta- Cypermethrin, zeta-Cypermethrin, Cyphenothrin [(lR)-trans isomers], Deltamethrin, Empenthrin [(EZ)- (1R) isomers), Esfenvalerate, Etofenprox, Fenpropathrin, Fen valerate, Fluey thrinate, Flumethrin, tau- Fluvalinate, Halfenprox, Imiprothrin, Kadethrin, Permethrin, Phenothrin [(lR)-trans isomer), Prallethrin, Pyrethrine (pyrethrum), Resmethrin, Silafluofen, Tefluthrin, Tetramethrin, Tetramethrin [(1R) isomers)], Tralomethrin, and Transfluthrin; or DDT; or Methoxychlor.

Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) agonists, for example neonicotinoids, e.g. Acetamiprid, Clothi- anidin, Dinotefuran, Imidacloprid, Nitenpyram, Thiacloprid, and Thiamethoxam; or Nicotine.

Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) allosteric activators, for example spinosyns, e.g. Spinetoram and Spinosad.

Chloride channel activators, for example avermectins/milbemycins, e.g. Abamectin, Emamectin benzoate, Lepimectin, and Milbemectin.

Juvenile hormone mimics, for example juvenile hormon analogues, e.g. Hydroprene, Kinoprene, and Methoprene; or Fenoxycarb; or Pyriproxyfen. Miscellaneous non-specific (multi-site) inhibitors, for example alkyl halides, e.g. Methyl bromide and other alkyl halides; or Chloropicrin; or Sulfuryl fluoride; or Borax; or Tartar emetic.

Selective homopteran feeding blockers, e.g. Pymetrozine; or Flonicamid.

Mite growth inhibitors, e.g. Clofentezine, Hexythiazox, and Diflovidazin; or Etoxazole.

Microbial disruptors of insect midgut membranes, e.g. Bacillus thuringiensis subspecies israelensis, Bacil- lus sphaericus, Bacillus thuringiensis subspecies aizawai, Bacillus thuringiensis subspecies kurstaki, Bacillus thuringiensis subspecies tenebrionis, and BT crop proteins: CrylAb, CrylAc, CrylFa, Cry2Ab, mCry3A, Cry3Ab, Cry3Bb, Cry34/35Abl.

Inhibitors of mitochondrial ATP synthase, for example Diafenthiuron; or organotin miticides, e.g. Azocy- clotin, Cyhexatin, and Fenbutatin oxide; or Propargite; or Tetradifon. Uncouplers of oxidative phoshorylation via disruption of the proton gradient, for example Chlorfenapyr, DNOC, and Sulfiuramid. Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) channel blockers, for example Bensultap, Cartap hydrochloride, Thiocyclam, and Thiosultap-sodium.

Inhibitors of chitin biosynthesis, type 0, for example Bistrifluron, Chlorfluazuron, Diflubenzuron, Flu- cycloxuron, Flufenoxuron, Hexaflumuron, Lufenuron, Novaluron, Noviflumuron, Teflubenzuron, and Tri- flumuron.

Inhibitors of chitin biosynthesis, type 1, for example Buprofezin. Moulting disruptors, for example Cyromazine.

Ecdysone receptor agonists, for example Chromafenozide, Halofenozide, Methoxyfenozide, and Tebufe- nozide. Octopamine receptor agonists, for example Amitraz.

Mitochondrial complex III electron transport inhibitors, for example Hydramethylnon; or Acequinocyl; or Fluacrypyrim.

Mitochondrial complex I electron transport inhibitors, for example METI acaricides, e.g. Fenazaquin, Fenpyroximate, Pyrimidifen, Pyridaben, Tebufenpyrad, and Tolfenpyrad; or Rotenone (Derris). Voltage-dependent sodium channel blockers, e.g. Indoxacarb; or Metaflumizone.

Inhibitors of acetyl CoA carboxylase, for example tetronic and tetramic acid derivatives, e.g. Spirodiclo- fen, Spiromesifen, and Spirotetramat.

Mitochondrial complex IV electron transport inhibitors, for example phosphines, e.g. Aluminium phosphide, Calcium phosphide, Phosphine, and Zinc phosphide; or Cyanide. Mitochondrial complex II electron transport inhibitors, for example Cyenopyrafen.

Ryanodine receptor modulators, for example diamides, e.g. Chlorantraniliprole and Flubendiamide.

Further active ingredients with unknown or uncertain mode of action, for example Amidoflumet, Aza- dirachtin, Benclothiaz, Benzoximate, Bifenazate, Bromopropylate, Chinomethionat, Cryolite, Cyan- traniliprole (Cyazypyr), Cyfiumetofen, Dicofol, Diflovidazin, Fluensulfone, Flufenerim, Flufiprole, Fluopyram, Fufenozide, Imidaclothiz, Iprodione, Pyridalyl, Pyrifluquinazon, and iodomethane; furthermore products based on Bacillus firmus (1-1582, BioNeem, Votivo) or one of the following known active compounds : 3 -bromo-N- { 2-bromo-4-chloro-6- [( 1 -cyclopropylethyl)carbamoyl]phenyl } - 1 -(3- chloropyridin-2-yl)-lH-pyrazole-5-carboxamide (known from WO2005/077934), 4-{[(6-bromopyridin-3- yl)methyl](2-fluoroethyl)amino}furan-2(5H)-one (known from WO2007/ 115644), 4-{ [(6-fluoropyridin-3- yl)methyl](2,2-difiuoroethyl)amino}furan-2(5H)-one (known from WO2007/115644), 4-{[(2-chloro-l,3- thiazol-5-yl)methyl](2-fluoroethyl)amino}furan-2(5H)-one (known from WO2007/115644), 4-{[(6- chloφyridin-3-yl)methyl](2-fluoroethyl)amino}furan-2(5H)-one (known from WO2007/115644), 4-{[(6- chloropyridin-3-yl)methyl](2,2-difluoroethyl)amino}furan-2(5H)-one (known from WO2007/ 115644), 4- { [(6-chlor-5-fluoropyridin-3-yl)methyl](methyl)amino}furan-2(5H)-one (known from WO2007/115643), 4-{[(5,6-dichloropyridin-3-yl)methyl](2-fluoroethyl)amino}furan-2(5H)-one (known from

WO2007/115646), 4-{ [(6-chloro-5-fluoropyridin-3-yl)methyl](cyclopropyl)amino}furan-2(5H)-one (known from WO2007/115643), 4-{[(6-chloropyridin-3-yl)methyl](cyclopropyl)amino}furan-2(5H)-one (known from EP-A-0 539 588), 4-{ [(6-chloφyridin-3-yl)methyl](methyl)amino}furan-2(5H)-one (known from EP-A-0539 588), {[l-(6-chloropyridin-3-yl)ethyl](methyl)oxido-λ4-sulfanylidene}cyanamide (known from WO2007/ 149134) and its diastereomers {[(lR)-l-(6-chloropyridin-3-yl)ethyl](methyl)oxido- 4-sulfanylidene} cyanamide (A) and { [(lS)-l-(6-chloropyridin-3-yl)ethyl](methyl)oxido- 4- sulfanylidene}cyanamide (B) (also known from WO2007/149134) as well as Sulfoxaflor (also known from WO2007/149134) and its diastereomers [(R)-methyl(oxido){(lR)-l-[6-(trifluoromefhyl)pyridin-3- yl] ethyl } -λ4-8ΐι1ί anylidene] cyanamide (A 1 ) and [(S)-methyl(oxido) {(lS)-l- [6-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-3 - yl] ethyl }^4-sulf anylidene] cyanamide (A2), referred to as group of diastereomers A (known from WO2010/074747, WO2010/074751), [(R)-methyl(oxido){(lS)-l-[6-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-3-yl]ethyl}- (Bl) and [(S)-methyl(oxido){(lR)-l-[6-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-3-yl]ethyl}-

(B2), referred to as group of diastereomers B (also known from WO2010/074747, WO2010/074751), and ll-(4-chloro-2,6-dimethylphenyl)-12-hydroxy-l,4-dioxa-9- azadispiro[4.2A2]teta^c-l l-en-10-one (known from WO2006/089633), 3-(4'-fluoro-2,4- dimethylbiphcnyl-3-yl)-4-hydroxy-8-oxa-l-azaspiro[4.5]dec-3-cn-2-on8 (known from WO2008/067911), l-{2-fluoro-4-methyl-5-[(2,2,2-trifluorethyl)sul^^

(known from WO2006/043635), [(3S,4aR,12R,12aS,12bS)-3-[(cyclopropylcarbonyl)oxy]-6,12-dihydroxy- 4,12b-dimethyl-l l-oxo-9-(pyridin-3-yl)-l,3,4,4a,5,6,6a,12,12a,12b-d8cahydro-2H,l lH- bcnzo[f]pyrano[4,3-b]chromen-4-yl]methyl cyclopropanecarboxylate (known from WO2008/066153), 2- cyano-3-(difluoromethoxy)-N,N-dimethylb8nz8n8sulfonamide (known from WO2006/056433), 2-cyano- 3-(difluoromethoxy)-N-methylbenzenesulfonamide (known from WO2006/100288), 2-cyano-3- (difluoromethoxy)-N-ethylbenzenesulfonamide (known from WO2005/035486), 4-(difluoromethoxy)-N- ethyl-N-methyl-l,2-benzothiazol-3-amine 1,1 -dioxide (known from WO2007/057407), N-[l-(2,3- dimethylphenyl)-2-(3,5-dimethylphenyl)ethyl]-4,5-dihydro-l,3-thiazol-2-amine (known from

WO2008/104503), {r-[(2E)-3-(4-chlorophenyl)prop-2-en-l-yl]-5-fluorospiro[indole-3,4'-piperidin]- l(2H)-yl}(2-chloropyridin-4-yl)methanone (known from WO2003/106457), 3-(2,5-dimethylphenyl)-4- hydroxy-8-methoxy-l,8-diazaspiro[4.5]dec-3-en-2-one (known from WO2009/049851), 3-(2,5- dimethylphenyl)-8-methoxy-2-oxo-l,8-diazaspiro[4.5]dec-3-en-4-yl ethyl carbonate (known from WO2009/049851), 4-(but-2-yn-l-yloxy)-6-(3,5-dimethylpiperidin-l-yl)-5-fiuoropyrimidine (known from WO2004/099160), (2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5-octafluoropentyl)(3,3,3-trifluoropropyl)malononitrile (known from WO2005/063094), (2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5-octafluoropentyl)(3,3,4,4,4-pentafluorobutyl)malononitrile (known from WO2005/063094), 8-[2-(cyclopropylmethoxy)-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]-3-[6- (trifluoromethyl)pyridazin-3-yl]-3-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octane (known from WO2007/040280), 2-ethyl-7- methoxy-3-methyl-6-[(2,2,3,3-tetrafluoro-2,3-dihydro-l,4-benzodioxin-6-yl)oxy]quinolin-4-yl methyl carbonate (known from JP2008/110953), 2-ethyl-7-methoxy-3-methyl-6-[(2,2,3,3-tetrafluoro-2,3-dmydro- l,4-benzodioxin-6-yl)oxy]quinolin-4-yl acetate (known from JP 2008/110953), PF1364 (CAS-Reg.No. 1204776-60-2) (known from JP2010/018586), 5-[5-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)-5-(trifluoromethyl)-4,5-dihydro-

1.2- oxazol-3-yl]-2-(lH-l,2,4-triazol-l-yl)benzonitrile (known from WO2007/075459), 5-[5-(2- chloropyridin-4-yl) -5-(trifluoromethyl)-4,5 -dihydro- 1 ,2-oxazol-3 -yl] -2-( 1 H- 1 ,2,4-triazol- 1 -yl)benzonitrile (known from WO2007/075459), 4-[5-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)-5-(trifluoromethyl)-4,5-dihydro-l,2-oxazol-3- yl]-2-methyl-N-{2-oxo-2-[(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)amino]ethyl}benzamide (known from WO2005/085216), 4-{ [(6-chloropyridin-3-yl)methyl](cyclopropyl)amino}-l,3-oxazol-2(5H)-one, 4-{[(6-chloropyridin-3- yl)methyl](2,2-difluoroethyl)amino}-l,3-oxazol-2(5H)-one, 4-{[(6-chloropyridin-3- yl)methyl](ethyl)amino}-l,3-oxazol-2(5H)-one, 4-{ [(6-chloropyridin-3-yl)methyl](methyl)amino}-l,3- oxazol-2(5H)-one (all known from WO2010/005692), NNI-0711 (known from WO2002096882), 1-acetyl- N-[4-( 1,1, 1 ,3 ,3 ,3-hexafluoro-2-methoxypropan-2-yl)-3-isobutylphenyl] -N-isobutyryl-3 ,5-dimethyl- 1H- pyrazole-4-carboxamide (known from WO2002096882), methyl 2-[2-({ [3-bromo-l-(3-chloropyridin-2- yl)-l H-pyrazol-5 -yl] carbonyl } amino) -5 -chloro-3-methylbenzoyl] -2-methylhydrazinecarboxylate (known from WO2005/085216), methyl 2-[2-({ [3-bromo-l-(3-chloropyridin-2-yl)-lH-pyrazol-5- yl] carbonyl } amino) -5 -cyano-3 -methylbenzoyl] -2-ethylhydrazinecarboxylate (known from

WO2005/085216), methyl 2-[2-({[3-bromo-l-(3-chloropyridin-2-yl)-lH-pyrazol-5-yl]carbonyl}amino)-5- cyano-3 -methylbenzoyl] -2-methylhydrazinecarboxylate (known from WO2005/085216), methyl 2-[3,5- dibromo-2-( { [3 -bromo- 1 -(3-chloropyridin-2-yl)- 1 H-pyrazol-5 -yl]carbonyl } amino)benzoyl] -1,2- diethylhydrazinecarboxylate (known from WO2005/085216), methyl 2-[3,5-dibromo-2-({ [3-bromo-l-(3- chloropyridin-2-yl) - 1 H-pyrazol-5-yl] carbonyl } amino)benzoyl] -2-ethylhydrazinecarboxylate (known from WO2005/085216), (5RS,7RS;5RS,7SR)-l-(6-chloro-3-pyridylmethyl)-l,2,3,5,6,7-hexahydro-7-methyl-8- nitro-5-propoxyimidazo[l,2-a]pyridine (known from WO2007/101369), 2-{6-[2-(5-fluoropyridin-3-yl)-

1.3- thiazol-5-yl]pyridin-2-yl}pyrimidine (known from WO2010/006713), 2-{6-[2-(pyridin-3-yl)-l,3- thiazol-5-yl]pyridin-2-yl}pyrimidine (known from WO2010/006713), l-(3-chloropyridin-2-yl)-N-[4- cyano-2-methyl-6-(methylcarbamoyl)phenyl] -3 - { [5 -(trifluoromethyl)- 1 H-tetrazol- 1 -yl] methyl } - 1 H- pyrazole-5-carboxamide (known from WO2010/069502), l-(3-chloropyridin-2-yl)-N-[4-cyano-2-methyl- 6-(methylcarbamoyl)phenyl]-3-{ [5-(trifluoromethyl)-2H-tetrazol-2-yl]methyl}-lH-pyrazole-5- carboxamide (known from WO2010/069502), N-[2-(tert-butylcarbamoyl)-4-cyano-6-methylphenyl]-l-(3- chloropyridin-2-yl) -3- { [5 -(trifluoromethyl)- 1 H-tetrazol- 1 -yl] methyl } - 1 H-pyrazole-5-carboxamide (known from WO2010/069502) , N- [2-(tert-butylcarbamoyl)-4-cyano-6-methylphenyl] - 1 -(3 -chloropyridin-2-yl) -3 - { [5-(trifluoromethyl)-2H-tetrazol-2-yl]methyl}-lH-pyrazole-5-carboxamide (known from WO2010/069502), and (lE)-N-[(6-chloropyridin-3-yl)methyl]-N'-cyano-N-(2,2-difluoro- ethyl)ethanimidamide (known from WO2008/009360).

Micronutrients and micronutrient-containing compounds: In context of the present invention micronutrients and micronutrient-containing compounds relates to compounds selected from the group consisting of active ingredients containing at least one metal ion selected from the group consisting of zinc, manganese, molybdenum, iron and copper or the micronutrient boron. More preferably these micronutrients and micronutrient-containing compounds are selected from the group consisting of the zinc containing compounds Propineb, Polyoxin Z (zinc salt), Zineb, Ziram, zinc thiodazole, zinc naphthenate and Mancozeb (also containing manganese), the manganese containing compounds Maneb, Metiram and Mancopper (also containing copper), the iron containing compound Ferbam, copper (Cu) and the copper containing compounds Bordeaux mixture, Burgundy mixture, Cheshunt mixture, copper oxychloride, copper sulphate, basic copper sulphate (e.g. tribasic copper sulphate), copper ox- ide, copper octanoate, copper hydroxide, oxine-copper, copper ammonium acetate, copper naphthenate, chelated copper (e.g. as amino acid chelates), mancopper, acypetacs-copper, copper acetate, basic copper carbonate, copper oleate, copper silicate, copper zinc chromate, cufraneb, cuprobam, saisentong, and thi- odiazole-copper, and combinations therof.

Although the combination according to the present invention may be a composition itself, the final used composition is usually prepared by mixing the compound (A) with at least one compound (B) selected from the group comprising of (Bl) members of the group of host defense inducers selected from tiadinil and pro- benazole, and comprising of (B2) members of the other fungicides group selected from isopyrazam and pro- piconazole, and an inert carrier, and if necessary, by adding a surfactant and/or another auxiliary for formulation, such as an extender, and by formulating the combination into oil formulation, emulsifiable concentrate, flowable formulation, wettable powder, water dispersible granules, powder, granules, or the like. The formulation, which is used alone or by adding another inert component, can be used as a pesticide.

According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a composition is prepared, comprising mixing a synergistically effective combination according to the invention with an extender, a surfactant or a combination thereof. Specific further components of this final composition are described later.

The "composition" can be prepared by formulating the compound (A) and at least one compound (B) selected from the group comprising of (Bl) members of the group of host defense inducers selected from tiadinil and probenazole, and comprising of (B2) members of the other fungicides group selected from isopyrazam and propiconazole as described in the above, and then making the formulations or their diluents. For the sake of clearness, a combination means a physical combination of the compound (A) and at least one compound (B) selected from the group comprising of (B 1) members of the group of host defense inducers selected from tiadinil and probenazole, and comprising of (B2) members of the other fungicides group selected from isopyrazam and propiconazole, whereas a composition means a combination of the combination together with further additives, such as surfactants, solvents, carriers, pigments, antifoams, thickeners and ex- tenders, in a form as suitable for agrochemical application. Accordingly, the present invention also relates compositions for controlling harmful microorganisms, especially harmful fungi and bacteria, comprising an effective and non-phytotoxic amount of the inventive combinations. These are preferably fungicidal compositions which comprise agriculturally suitable auxiliaries, solvents, carriers, surfactants or extenders. In the context of the present invention, "control of harmful microorganisms" means a reduction in infestation by harmful microorganisms, compared with the untreated plant measured as fungicidal efficacy, preferably a reduction by 25-100 %, compared with the untreated plant (100 %), more preferably a reduction by 40- 100 %, compared with the untreated plant (100 ); even more preferably, the infection by harmful microorganisms is entirely suppressed (by 70-100 %). The control may be curative, i.e. for treatment of already in- fee ted plants, or protective, for protection of plants which have not yet been infected.

An "effective but non-phytotoxic amount" means an amount of the inventive composition which is sufficient to control the fungal disease of the plant in a satisfactory manner or to eradicate the fungal disease completely, and which, at the same time, does not cause any significant symptoms of phytotoxicity. In general, this application rate may vary within a relatively wide range. It depends on several factors, for ex- ample on the fungus to be controlled, the plant, the climatic conditions and the ingredients of the inventive compositions.

The present invention also relates to a method for controlling plant pathogenic microorgansims, including fungi and bacteria, comprising contacting said microorganisms or their habitat with the above-described composition. The present invention relates further to a method for treating seeds, comprising contacting said seeds with the above -described composition. According to one preferred embodiment of the invention, the seed is treated with component (A) at the same time that it is treated with component(s) (B). According to another preferred embodiment of the invention, the seed is treated with component (A) at a different time than it is treated with component(s) (B). Finally, the present invention also relates to seed treated with the above-mentioned composition Formulations

Suitable organic solvents include all polar and non-polar organic solvents usually employed for formulation purposes. Preferable the solvents are selected from ketones, e.g. methyl-isobutyl-ketone and cyclohex- anone, amides, e.g. dimethyl formamide and alkanecarboxylic acid amides, e.g. Ν,Ν-dimethyl decane- amide and N,N-dimethyl octanamide, furthermore cyclic solvents, e.g. N-methyl-pyrrolidone, N-octyl- pyrrolidone, N-dodecyl-pyrrolidone, N-octyl-caprolactame, N-dodecyl-caprolactame and butyrolactone, furthermore strong polar solvents, e.g. dimethylsulfoxide, and aromatic hydrocarbons, e.g. xylol, Solvesso™, mineral oils, e.g. white spirit, petroleum, alkyl benzenes and spindle oil, also esters, e.g. pro- pyleneglycol-monomethylether acetate, adipic acid dibutylester, acetic acid hexylester, acetic acid hepty- lester, citric acid tri-n-butylester and phthalic acid di-n-butylester, and also alkohols, e.g. benzyl alcohol and l-methoxy-2-propanol.

According to the invention, a carrier is a natural or synthetic, organic or inorganic substance with which the active ingredients are mixed or combined for better applicability, in particular for application to plants or plant parts or seed. The carrier, which may be solid or liquid, is generally inert and should be suitable for use in agriculture.

Useful solid or liquid carriers include: for example ammonium salts and natural rock dusts, such as kaolins, clays, talc, chalk, quartz, attapulgite, montmorillonite or diatomaceous earth, and synthetic rock dusts, such as finely divided silica, alumina and natural or synthetic silicates, resins, waxes, solid fertilizers, water, alcohols, especially butanol, organic solvents, mineral and vegetable oils, and derivatives thereof. Combinations of such carriers can likewise be used.

Suitable solid filler and carrier include inorganic particles, e.g. carbonates, silikates, sulphates and oxides with an average particle size of between 0.005 and 20 μιη, preferably of between 0.02 to 10 μπι, for example ammonium sulphate, ammonium phosphate, urea, calcium carbonate, calcium sulphate, magnesium sulphate, magnesium oxide, aluminium oxide, silicium dioxide, so-called fine-particle silica, silica gels, natural or synthetic silicates, and alumosilicates and plant products like cereal flour, wood powder/sawdust and cellulose powder.

Useful solid carriers for granules include: for example crushed and fractionated natural rocks such as calcite, marble, pumice, sepiolite, dolomite, and synthetic granules of inorganic and organic meals, and also granules of organic material such as sawdust, coconut shells, maize cobs and tobacco stalks.

Useful liquefied gaseous extenders or carriers are those liquids which are gaseous at standard temperature and under standard pressure, for example aerosol propellants such as halohydrocarbons, and also butane, propane, nitrogen and carbon dioxide.

In the formulations, it is possible to use tackifiers such as carboxymethylcellulose, and natural and synthet- ic polymers in the form of powders, granules or latices, such as gum arabic, polyvinyl alcohol and polyvinyl acetate, or else natural phospholipids, such as cephalins and lecithins, and synthetic phospholipids. Further additives may be mineral and vegetable oils.

If the extender used is water, it is also possible to employ, for example, organic solvents as auxiliary solvents. Useful liquid solvents are essentially: aromatics such as xylene, toluene or alkylnaphthalenes, chlo- rinated aromatics and chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbons such as chlorobenzenes, chloroethylenes or di- chlorome hane, aliphatic hydrocarbons such as cyclohexane or paraffins, for example mineral oil fractions, mineral and vegetable oils, alcohols such as butanol or glycol and their ethers and esters, ketones such as acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, methyl isobutyl ketone or cyclohexanone, strongly polar solvents such as dimethylformamide and dimethyl sulphoxide, and also water. The inventive compositions may additionally comprise further components, for example surfactants. Useful surfactants are emulsifiers and/or foam formers, dispersants or wetting agents having ionic or nonionic properties, or combinations of these surfactants. Examples of these are salts of polyacrylic acid, salts of lignosul- phonic acid, salts of phenolsulphonic acid or naphthalenesulphonic acid, polycondensates of ethylene oxide with fatty alcohols or with fatty acids or with fatty amines, substituted phenols (preferably a kylphenols or arylphenols), salts of sulphosuccinic esters, taurine derivatives (preferably alkyl taurates), phosphoric esters of polyethoxylated alcohols or phenols, fatty esters of polyols, and derivatives of the compounds containing sulphates, sulphonates and phosphates, for example alkylaryl polyglycol ethers, alkylsulphonates, alkyl- sulphates, arylsulphonates, protein hydrolysates, lignosulphite waste liquors and methylcellulose. The pres- ence of a surfactant is necessary if one of the active ingredients and/or one of the inert carriers is insoluble in water and when application is effected in water. The proportion of surfactants is between 5 and 40 per cent by weight of the inventive composition.

Suitable surfactants (adjuvants, emulsifiers, dispersants, protective colloids, wetting agent and adhesive) include all common ionic and non-ionic substances, for example ethoxylated nonylphenols, polyalkylene glycolether of linear or branched alcohols, reaction products of alkyl phenols with ethylene oxide and/or propylene oxide, reaction products of fatty acid amines with ethylene oxide and/or propylene oxide, furthermore fattic acid esters, alkyl sulfonates, alkyl sulphates, alkyl ethersulphates, alkyl etherphosphates, arylsulphate, ethoxylated arylalkylphenols, e.g. tristyryl-phenol-ethoxylates, furthermore ethoxylated and propoxylated arylalkylphenols like sulphated or phosphated arylalkylphenol-ethoxylates and -ethoxy- and -propoxylates. Further examples are natural and synthetic, water soluble polymers, e.g. lignosulpho- nates, gelatine, gum arabic, phospholipides, starch, hydrophobic modified starch and cellulose derivatives, in particular cellulose ester and cellulose ether, further polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl acetate, polyvinyl pyr- rolidone, polyacrylic acid, polymethacrylic acid and co-polymerisates of (meth)acrylic acid and (meth)acrylic acid esters, and further co-polymerisates of methacrylic acid and methacrylic acid esters which are neutralized with alkalimetal hydroxide and also condensation products of optionally substituted naphthalene sulfonic acid salts with formaldehyde.

It is possible to use dyes such as inorganic pigments, for example iron oxide, titanium oxide and Prussian Blue, and organic dyes such as alizarin dyes, azo dyes and metal phthalocyanine dyes, and trace nutrients such as salts of iron, manganese, boron, copper, cobalt, molybdenum and zinc. Antifoams which may be present in the formulations include e.g. silicone emulsions, longchain alcohols, fat- tiy acids and their salts as well as fluoroorganic substances and combinations herof.

Examples of thickeners are polysaccharides, e.g. xanthan gum or veegum, silicates, e.g. attapulgite, bentonite as well as fine -particle silica.

If appropriate, it is also possible for other additional components to be present, for example protective col- loids, binders, adhesives, thickeners, thixotropic substances, penetrants, stabilizers, sequestrants, complex- ing agents. In general, the active ingredients can be combined with any solid or liquid additive commonly used for formulation purposes.

The inventive combinations or compositions can be used as such or, depending on their particular physical and/or chemical properties, in the form of their formulations or the use forms prepared therefrom, such as aerosols, capsule suspensions, cold-fogging concentrates, warm-fogging concentrates, encapsulated granules, fine granules, fiowable concentrates for the treatment of seed, ready-to-use solutions, dustable powders, emulsifiable concentrates, oil-in-water emulsions, water-in-oil emulsions, macrogranules, microgranules, oil- dispersible powders, oil-miscible fiowable concentrates, oil-miscible liquids, gas (under pressure), gas generating product, foams, pastes, pesticide coated seed, suspension concentrates, suspoemulsion concentrates, soluble concentrates, suspensions, wettable powders, soluble powders, dusts and granules, water-soluble and water-dispersible granules or tablets, water-soluble and water-dispersible powders for the treatment of seed, wettable powders, natural products and synthetic substances impregnated with active ingredient, and also microencapsulations in polymeric substances and in coating materials for seed, and also ULV cold-fogging and warm-fogging formulations. The inventive compositions include not only formulations which are already ready for use and can be applied with a suitable apparatus to the plant or the seed, but also commercial concentrates which have to be diluted with water prior to use. Customary applications are for example dilution in water and subsequent spraying of the resulting spray liquor, application after dilution in oil, direct application without dilution, seed treatment or soil application of granules. The inventive combinations, compositions and formulations generally contain between 0.05 and 99 % by weight, 0.01 and 98 % by weight, preferably between 0.1 and 95 % by weight, more preferably between 0.5 and 90 % of active ingredient, most preferably between 10 and 70 % by weight. For special applications, e.g. for protection of wood and derived timber products the inventive combinations, compositions and formulations generally contain between 0.0001 and 95 % by weight, preferably 0.001 to 60 % by weight of active in- gredient.

The contents of active ingredient in the application forms prepared from the formulations may vary in a broad range. The concentration of the active ingredients in the application forms is generally between 0.000001 to 95 % by weight, preferably between 0.0001 and 2 % by weight.

The formulations mentioned can be prepared in a manner known per se, for example by mixing the active in- gredients with at least one customary extender, solvent or diluent, adjuvant, emulsifier, dispersant, and/or binder or fixative, wetting agent, water repellent, if appropriate desiccants and UV stabilizers and, if appropriate, dyes and pigments, antifoams, preservatives, inorganic and organic thickeners, adhesives, gibberellins and also further processing auxiliaries and also water. Depending on the formulation type to be prepared further processing steps are necessary, e.g. wet grinding, dry grinding and granulation. The inventive combinations or compositions may be present as such or in their (commercial) formulations and in the use forms prepared from these formulations as a combination with other (known) active ingredients, such as insecticides, attractants, sterilants, bactericides, acaricides, nematicides, fungicides, growth regulators, herbicides, fertilizers, safeners and/or semiochemicals. The inventive treatment of the plants and plant parts with the combinations or compositions is effected directly or by action on their surroundings, habitat or storage space by the customary treatment methods, for example by dipping, spraying, atomizing, irrigating, evaporating, dusting, fogging, broadcasting, foaming, painting, spreading-on, watering (drenching), drip irrigating and, in the case of propagation material, especially in the case of seeds, also by dry seed treatment, wet seed treatment, slurry treatment, incrustation, coating with one or more coats, etc. It is also possible to deploy the combinations or compositions by the ultra-low volume method or to inject the combinations or compositions preparation or the combinations or compositions itself into the soil.

Plant/Crop Protection

The inventive combinations or compositions have potent microbicidal activity and can be used for control of harmful microorganisms, such as phytopathogenic fungi and bacteria, in crop protection and in the protection of materials.

The invention also relates to a method for controlling harmful microorganisms, characterized in that the inventive combinations or compositions are applied to the phytopathogenic fungi, phytopathogenic bacteria and/or their habitat. Fungicides can be used in crop protection for control of phytopathogenic fungi. They are characterized by an outstanding efficacy against a broad spectrum of phytopathogenic fungi, including soilborne pathogens, which are in particular members of the classes Plasmodiophoromycetes, Peronosporomycetes (Syn. Oomy- cetes), Chytridiomycetes, Zygomycetes, Ascomycetes, Basidiomycetes and Deuteromycetes (Syn. Fungi imperfecti). Some fungicides are systemically active and ca be used in plant protection as foliar, seed dressing or soil fungicide. Furthermore, they are suitable for combating fungi, which inter alia infest wood or roots of plant.

Bactericides can be used in crop protection for control of Xanthomonadaceae, Pseudomonadaceae, Rhizo- biaceae, Enterobacteriaceae, Corynebacteriaceae and Streptomycetaceae.

Non-limiting examples of pathogens of fungal diseases which can be treated in accordance with the inven- tion include: diseases caused by powdery mildew pathogens, for example Blumeria species, for example Blumeria graminis; Podosphaera species, for example Podosphaera leucotricha; Sphaerotheca species, for example Sphaerotheca fuliginea; Uncinula species, for example Uncinula necator; diseases caused by rust disease pathogens, for example Gymnosporangium species, for example Gymnospo- rangium sabinae; Hemileia species, for example Hemileia vastatrix; Phakopsora species, for example Phakopsora pachyrhizi and Phakopsora meibomiae; Puccinia species, for example P ccinia recondite, P. triticina, P. graminis or P. striiformis; Uromyces species, for example Uromyces appendiculatus; diseases caused by pathogens from the group of the Oomycetes, for example Albugo species, for example Algubo Candida; Bremia species, for example Bremia lactucae; Peronospora species, for example Perono- spora pisi or P. brassicae; Phytophthora species, for example Phytophthora infestans; Plasmopara species, for example Plasmopara viticola; Pseudoperonospora species, for example Pseudoperonospora hu- muli or Pseudoperonospora cubensis; Pythium species, for example Pythium ultimum; leaf blotch diseases and leaf wilt diseases caused, for example, by Alternaria species, for example Alternaria solani; Cercospora species, for example Cercospora beticola; Cladiosporium species, for example Cladio- sporium cucumerinum; Cochliobolus species, for example Cochliobolus sativus (conidia form: Drechslera, Syn: Helminthosporium), Cochliobolus miyabeanus; Colletotrichum species, for example Colletotrichum lindemuthanium; Cycloconium species, for example Cycloconium oleaginum; Diaporthe species, for example Diaporthe citri; Elsinoe species, for example Elsinoe fawcettii; Gloeosporium species, for example Gloeo- sporium laeticolor; Glomerella species, for example Glomerella cingulata; Guignardia species, for example Guignardia bidwelli; Leptosphaeria species, for example Leptosphaeria maculans, Leptosphaeria nodorum; Magnaporthe species, for example Magnaporthe grisea; Microdochium species, for example Microdochium nivale; Mycosphaerella species, for example Mycosphaerella graminicola, M. arachidicola and M. fijiensis; Phaeosphaeria species, for example Phaeosphaeria nodorum; Pyrenophora species, for example Pyrenoph- ora teres, Pyrenophora tritici repentis; Ramularia species, for example Ramularia collo-cygni, Ramularia areola; Rhynchosporium species, for example Rhynchosporium secalis; Septoria species, for example Septo- ria apii, Septoria lycopersii; Typhula species, for example Typhula incarnata; Venturia species, for example Venturia inaequalis; root and stem diseases caused, for example, by Corticium species, for example Corticium graminearum; Fusarium species, for example Fusarium oxysporum; Gaeumannomyces species, for example Gaeumanno- myces graminis; Rhizoctonia species, such as, for example Rhizoctonia solani; Sarocladium diseases caused for example by Sarocladium oryzae; Sclerotium diseases caused for example by Sclerotium oryzae; Tapesia species, for example Tapesia acuformis; Thielaviopsis species, for example Thielaviopsis basicola; ear and panicle diseases (including corn cobs) caused, for example, by Alternaria species, for example Alternaria spp.; Aspergillus species, for example Aspergillus flavus; Cladosporium species, for example Cladosporium cladosporioides; Claviceps species, for example Claviceps purpurea; Fusarium species, for example Fusarium culmorum; Gibberella species, for example Gibberella zeae; Monographella species, for example Monographella nivalis; Septoria species, for example Septoria nodorum; diseases caused by smut fungi, for example Sphacelotheca species, for example Sphacelotheca reiliana; Tilletia species, for example Tilletia caries, T. controversa; Urocystis species, for example Urocystis occulta; Ustilago species, for example Ustilago nuda, U. nuda tritici; fruit rot caused, for example, by Aspergillus species, for example Aspergillus flavus; Botrytis species, for example Botrytis cinerea; Penicillium species, for example Penicillium expansum and P. purpurogenum; Sclerotinia species, for example Sclerotinia sclerotiorum; Verticilium species, for example Verticilium al- boatrum; seed and soilborne decay, mould, wilt, rot and damping-off diseases caused, for example, by Alternaria species, caused for example by Alternaria brassicicola; Aphanomyces species, caused for example by Aphanomyces euteiches; Ascochyta species, caused for example by Ascochyta lentis; Aspergillus species, caused for example by Aspergillus flavus; Cladosporium species, caused for example by Cladosporium herbarum; Cochliobolus species, caused for example by Cochliobolus sativus; (Conidiaform: Drechslera, Bipolaris Syn: Helminthosporium); Colletotrichum species, caused for example by Colletotrichum coc- codes; Fusarium species, caused for example by Fusarium culmorum; Gibberella species, caused for ex- ample by Gibberella zeae; Macrophomina species, caused for example by Macrophomina phaseolina; Monographella species, caused for example by Monographella nivalis; Penicillium species, caused for example by Penicillium expansum; Phoma species, caused for example by Phoma lingam; Phomopsis species, caused for example by Phomopsis sojae; Phytophthora species, caused for example by Phytophthora cactorum; Pyrenophora species, caused for example by Pyrenophora graminea; Pyricularia species, caused for example by Pyricularia oryzae; Pythium species, caused for example by Pythium ultimum; Rhi- zoctonia species, caused for example by Rhizoctonia solani; Rhizopus species, caused for example by Rhi- zopus oryzae; Sclerotium species, caused for example by Sclerotium rolfsii; Septoria species, caused for example by Septoria nodorum; Typhula species, caused for example by Typhula incarnata; Verticillium species, caused for example by Verticillium dahliae; cancers, galls and witches' broom caused, for example, by Nectria species, for example Nectria galligena; wilt diseases caused, for example, by Monilinia species, for example Monilinia laxa; leaf blister or leaf curl diseases caused, for example, by Exobasidium species, for example Exobasidium vexans;

Taphrina species, for example Taphrina deformans; decline diseases of wooden plants caused, for example, by Esca disease, caused for example by Phaemoniella clamydospora, Phaeoacremonium aleophilum and Fomitiporia mediterranea; Eutypa dyeback, caused for example by Eutypa lata ; Ganoderma diseases caused for example by Ganoderma boninense; Rigidoporus diseases caused for example by Rigidoporus lignosus; diseases of flowers and seeds caused, for example, by Botrytis species, for example Botrytis cinerea; diseases of plant tubers caused, for example, by Rhizoctonia species, for example Rhizoctonia solani; Hel- minthosporium species, for example Helminthosporium solani;

Club root caused, for example, by Plasmodiophora species, for example Plamodiophora brassicae; diseases caused by bacterial pathogens, for example Xanthomonas species, for example Xanthomonas campestris pv. oryzae; Pseudomonas species, for example Pseudomonas syringae pv. lachrymans; Erwinia species, for example Erwinia amylovora.

Examples of phytopathogenic bacteria, in particular in apples, bananas, citrus, kiwi, melons, peaches, pears, pineapple, pome fruit, pomegranate, cabbage, cauliflower, cucumbers, cucurbits, tomatoes, potatoes, wheat, rice and soybeans etc. are

Acidovorax avena subsp. citrulli , Agrobacterium tumefaciens, Aphelanchoides fragariae, Bacillus subti- lis, Burkholderia spec, Burkholderia glumae, Candidatus Liberibacter spec, Clavibacter michiganensis , Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis, Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. tessellarius , Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. Sepedonicus, Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. nebraskensis, Clavibacter irani- cus, Clavibacter tritici , Corynebacterium fascians, Corynebacterium flaccumfaciens pv. flaccumfaciens, Corynebacterium michiganense , Corynebacterium michiganense pv. tritici , Corynebacterium michi- ganense pv. nebraskense, Corynebacterium sepedonicum, Curtobacterium flaccumfaciens pv. Flaccumfaciens, Enterobacter dissolvens, Erwinia subspecies, Erwinia amylovora, Erwinia ananas, Erwinia ca- rotovora , Erwinia carotovora subsp. atroseptica, Erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora, Erwinia chry- santhemi , Erwinia chrysanthemi pv. Zeae, Erwinia dissolvens, Erwinia herbicola, Erwinia rhapontic, Erwinia stewartiii, Erwinia tracheiphila, Erwinia uredovora, Pantoea agglomerans, Pectobacterium ca- rotovorum, Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. atrosepticum , Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. caro- tovorum , Pectobacterium chrysanthemi, Pseudomonas andropogonis, Pseudomonas avenae subsp. ave- nae , Pseudomonas corrugata, Pseudomonas fluorescens , Pseudomonas glumae , Pseudomonas fusco- vaginae, Pseudomonas marginalis, Pseudomonas marginalis pv. marginalis, Pseudomonas pseudoalcali- genes, Pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes subsp. citrulli , Pseudomonas solanacearum, Pseudomonas syringae , Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidae,, Pseudomonas syringae pv. atrofaciens , Pseudomonas syringae pv. coronafaciens, Pseudomonas syringae pv. glycinea , Pseudomonas syringae pv. Lachrymans, Pseudomonas syringae pv. maculicola, Pseudomonas syringae pv. striafaciens , Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae [damaging for kiwi fruits as well], Pseudomonas syringae pv. Tomato, Pseudomonas syringae pv. tabaci , Ralstonia solanacearum , Rathayibacter tritici , Rhodococcus fascians, Spiroplasma kun- kelii, Streptomyces spp.„ Streptomyces scabiei , Streptomyces scabies, Streptomyces acidiscabies, Strep- tomyces turgidiscabies, Xanthomonas spp., Xanthomonas axonopodis, Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri,, Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. glycines , Xanthomonas campestris, Xanthomonas campestris pv. armora- ciae, Xanthomonas campestris pv. citrumelo , Xanthomonas campestris pv. citri , Xanthomonas campes- tris pv. glycines, Xanthomonas campestris pv. Holcicola, Xanthomonas campestris pv. Malvacearum, Xanthomonas campestris pv. musacearum, Xanthomonas campestris pv. pruni,, Xanthomonas campestris pv. cucurbitae , Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria , Xanthomonas campestris pv. translucens , Xanthomonas campestris pv. Oryzae , Xanthomonas fragariae, Xanthomonas oryzae, Xanthomonas ory- zae pv. oryzae , Xanthomonas oryzae pv. Oryzicola, Xanthomonas translucens, Xanthomonas translucens pv. Translucens, Xylella fastidiosa, Acidovorax avenae, Burkholderia spec, Burkholderia glumae, Candidatus Liberibacter spec, Corynebacterium, Erwinia spec, Pseudomonas syringae, Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidae, Pseudomonas syringae pv. glycinea, Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato, Pseudomonas syringae pv. lachrymans, Streptomyces spp., Xanthomonas spp., Xanthomonas axonopodis, Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri, Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. glycines, Xanthomonas campestris, Xanthomonas campestris pv. musacearum, Xanthomonas campestris pv. pruni, Xanthomonas fragariae and Xanthomonas transluscens.

The following bacterial harmful organisms can be controlled with preference : Acidovorax avenae, Burkholderia spec, Burkholderia glumae, Candidatus Liberibacter spec, Corynebacterium, Erwinia spec, Erwinia amylovora, Erwinia carotovora, Erwinia carotovora subsp. atroseptica, Erwinia caroto- vora subsp. carotovora, Erwinia chrysanthemi, Erwinia chrysanthemi pv. zeae, Erwinia herbicola, Erwinia stewartiii, Erwinia uredovora, Pseudomonas syringae, Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidae, Pseudomonas syringae pv. glycinea, Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato, Pseudomonas syringae pv. lachrymans, Streptomyces spp., Xanthomonas spp., Xanthomonas axonopodis, Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri, Xan- thomonas axonopodis pv. glycines, Xanthomonas campestris, Xanthomonas campestris pv. musacearum, Xanthomonas campestris pv. pruni, Xanthomonas fragariae and Xanthomonas transluscens.

The following bacterial harmful organisms can be controlled in the following crops with preference : Acidovorax avenae and/or Burkholderia glumae in rice, Candidatus Liberibacter spec, and/or Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri in citrus, Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidae in Kiwi, Xanthomonas campestris and/or Xanthomonas campestris pv. pruni in peaches, Pseudomonas syringae pv. glycinea and/or Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. glycines in soybeans, Burkholderia spec, and/or Xanthomonas transluscens in cereals, Pseudomonas syringae, Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato and/or Xanthomonas campestris in tomatoes, Pseudomonas syringae and/or Pseudomonas syringae pv. lachrymans in cucumbers, Erwinia atroseptica, Erwinia carotovora and/or Streptomyces scabies in potatoes. The following diseases of soya beans can be controlled with preference:

Fungal diseases on leaves, stems, pods and seeds caused, for example, by Alternaria leaf spot (Alternaria spec, atrans tenuissima), Anthracnose (Colletotrichum gloeosporoides dematium var. truncatum), brown spot (Septoria glycines), cercospora leaf spot and blight (Cercospora kikuchii), choanephora leaf blight (Choanephora infundibulifera trispora (Syn.)), dactuliophora leaf spot (Dactuliophora glycines), downy mil- dew (Peronospora manshurica), drechslera blight {Drechslera glycini), frogeye leaf spot {Cercospora sojina), leptosphaerulina leaf spot (Leptosphaerulina trifolii), phyllostica leaf spot (Phyllosticta sojaecola), pod and stem blight {Phomopsis sojae), powdery mildew {Microsphaera diffusa), pyrenochaeta leaf spot {Pyrenochaeta glycines), rhizoctonia aerial, foliage, and web blight {Rhizoctonia solani), rust {Phakopsora pachyrhizi, Phakopsora meibomiae), scab {Sphaceloma glycines), stemphylium leaf blight {Stemphylium bot- ryosum), target spot {Corynespora cassiicola). Fungal diseases on roots and the stem base caused, for example, by black root rot {Calonectria crotalariae), charcoal rot {Macrophoniina phaseolina), fusarium blight or wilt, root rot, and pod and collar rot {Fusarium oxysporum, Fusarium orthoceras, Fusarium semitectum, Fusarium equiseti), mycoleptodiscus root rot {My- coleptodiscus terrestris), neocosmospora {Neocosmospora vasinfecta), pod and stem blight {Diaporthe phaseolorum), stem canker {Diaporthe phaseolorum var. caulivora), phytophthora rot {Phytophthora megasperma), brown stem rot {Phialophora gregata), pythium rot {Pythium aphanidermatum, Pythium ir- regulare, Pythium debaryanum, Pythium myriotylum, Pythium ultimum), rhizoctonia root rot, stem decay, and damping-off {Rhizoctonia solani), sclerotinia stem decay {Sclerotinia sclerotiorum), sclerotinia southern blight {Sclerotinia rolfsii), thielaviopsis root rot {Thielaviopsis basicola).

The inventive fungicidal mixtures or compositions can be used for curative or protective/preventive control of phytopathogenic fungi. The invention therefore also relates to curative and protective methods for controlling phytopafhogenic fungi by the use of the inventive mixtures or compositions-, which are applied to the seed, the plant or plant parts, the fruit or the soil in which the plants grow.

The fact that the mixtures or compositions are well tolerated by plants at the concentrations required for controlling plant diseases allows the treatment of above-ground parts of plants, of propagation stock and seeds, and of the soil.

Plants

According to the invention all plants and plant parts can be treated. By plants is meant all plants and plant populations such as desirable and undesirable wild plants, cultivars and plant varieties (whether or not protectable by plant variety or plant breeder's rights). Cultivars and plant varieties can be plants obtained by conventional propagation and breeding methods which can be assisted or supplemented by one or more biotechnological methods such as by use of double haploids, protoplast fusion, random and directed mutagenesis, molecular or genetic markers or by bioengineering and genetic engineering methods. By plant parts is meant all above ground and below ground parts and organs of plants such as shoot, leaf, blossom and root, whereby for example leaves, needles, stems, branches, blossoms, fruiting bodies, fruits and seed as well as roots, corms and rhizomes are listed. Crops and vegetative and generative propagating material, for example cuttings, corms, rhizomes, runners and seeds also belong to plant parts.

The inventive combinations or compositions s, when they are well tolerated by plants, have favourable ho- meotherm toxicity and are well tolerated by the environment, are suitable for protecting plants and plant organs, for enhancing harvest yields, for improving the quality of the harvested material. They can prefera- bly be used as crop protection compositions. They are active against normally sensitive and resistant species and against all or some stages of development.

Plants which can be treated in accordance with the invention include the following main crop plants: maize, soya bean, alfalfa, cotton, sunflower, Brassica oil seeds such as Brassica napus (e.g. canola, rapeseed), Bras- sica rapa, B. juncea (e.g. (field) mustard) and Brassica carinata, Arecaceae sp. (e.g. oilpalm, coconut), rice, wheat, sugar beet, sugar cane, oats, rye, barley, millet and sorghum, triticale, flax, nuts, grapes and vine and various fruit and vegetables from various botanic taxa, e.g. Rosaceae sp. (e.g. pome fruits such as apples and pears, but also stone fruits such as apricots, cherries, almonds, plums and peaches, and berry fruits such as strawberries, raspberries, red and black currant and gooseberry), Ribesioidae sp., Juglandaceae sp., Betu- laceae sp., Anacardiaceae sp., Fagaceae sp., Moraceae sp., Oleaceae sp. (e.g. olive tree), Actinidaceae sp., Lauraceae sp. (e.g. avocado, cinnamon, camphor), Musaceae sp. (e.g. banana trees and plantations), Rubia- ceae sp. (e.g. coffee), Theaceae sp. (e.g. tea), Sterculiceae sp., Rutaceae sp. (e.g. lemons, oranges, mandarins and grapefruit); Solanaceae sp. (e.g. tomatoes, potatoes, peppers, capsicum, aubergines, tobacco), Liliaceae sp., Compositae sp. (e.g. lettuce, artichokes and chicory - including root chicory, endive or common chico- ry), Umbelliferae sp. (e.g. carrots, parsley, celery and celeriac), Cucurbitaceae sp. (e.g. cucumbers - including gherkins, pumpkins, watermelons, calabashes and melons), Alliaceae sp. (e.g. leeks and onions), Crucif- erae sp. (e.g. white cabbage, red cabbage, broccoli, cauliflower, Brussels sprouts, pak choi, kohlrabi, radishes, horseradish, cress and Chinese cabbage), Leguminosae sp. (e.g. peanuts, peas, lentils and beans - e.g. common beans and broad beans), Chenopodiaceae sp. (e.g. Swiss chard, fodder beet, spinach, beetroot), Lin- aceae sp. (e.g. hemp), Cannabeacea sp. (e.g. cannabis), Malvaceae sp. (e.g. okra, cocoa), Papaveraceae (e.g. poppy), Asparagaceae (e.g. asparagus); useful plants and ornamental plants in the garden and woods including turf, lawn, grass and Stevia rebaudiana; and in each case genetically modified types of these plants.

Soybeans are particularly preferred plants.

In particular, the mixtures and compositions according to the invention are suitable for controlling the fol- lowing plant diseases:

Albugo spp. (white rust) on ornamental plants, vegetable crops (e.g. A. Candida) and sunflowers (e.g. A. tragopogonis); Alternaria spp. (black spot disease, black blotch) on vegetables, oilseed rape (e.g. A. bras- sicola or A. brassicae), sugar beet (e.g. A. tenuis), fruit, rice, soybeans and also on potatoes (e.g. Λ. solani or A alternata) and tomatoes (e.g. A solani or Λ. alternata) and Alternaria spp. (black head) on wheat; Aphanomyces spp. on sugar beet and vegetables; Ascochyta spp. on cereals and vegetables, e.g. A tritici (Ascochyta leaf blight) on wheat and A hordei on barley; Bipolaris and Drechslera spp. (teleomorph: Cochliobolus spp.), e.g. leaf spot diseases (D. maydis and B. zeicol ) on corn, e.g. glume blotch (B. soro- kiniana) on cereals and e.g. B. oryzae on rice and on lawn; Blumeria (old name: Erysiphe) graminis (powdery mildew) on cereals (e.g. wheat or barley); Botryosphaeria spp. ('Slack Dead Arm Disease') on grape- vines (e.g. B. obtusa); Botrytis cinerea (teleomorph: Botryotinia fuckeliana: gray mold, gray rot) on soft fruit and pomaceous fruit (inter alia strawberries), vegetables (inter alia lettuce, carrots, celeriac and cab- bage), oilseed rape, flowers, grapevines, forest crops and wheat (ear mold); Bremia lactucae (downy mildew) on lettuce; Ceratocystis (syn. Ophiostoma) spp. (blue stain fungus) on deciduous trees and coniferous trees, e.g. C. ulmi (Dutch elm disease) on elms; Cercospora spp. (Cereospora leat spot) on corn (e.g. C. ze- ae-maydis), rice, sugar beet (e.g. C. beticola), sugar cane, vegetables, coffee, soybeans (e.g. C. sojina or C. kikuchil) and rice; Cladosporium spp. on tomato (e.g. C. fiilvum: tomato leaf mold) and cereals, e.g. C. herbarum (ear rot) on wheat; Claviceps purpurea (ergot) on cereals; Cochliobolus (anamorph: Helmin- thosporium or Bipolaris) spp. (leaf spot) on corn (e.g. C. carbonum), cereals (e.g. C. sativus, anamorph: B. sorokiniana: glume blotch) and rice (tor example C. miyabeanus, anamorph: H. oryzae); Colleto- trichum(tel omorph: Glomerella) spp. (anthracnosis) on cotton (e.g. C. gossypii), corn (e.g. C. graminico- la: stem rot and anthracnosis), soft fruit, potatoes (e.g. C. coccodes: wilt disease), beans (e.g. C. lindemu- thianum) and soybeans (e.g. C. truncatum); Corticium spp., e.g. C. sasakii (sheath blight) on rice; Corynespora cassiicola (leaf spot) on soybeans and ornamental plants; Cycloconium spp., e.g. C. oleagi- num on olives; Cylindrocarpon spp. (e.g. fruit tree cancer or black foot disease of grapevine, teleomorph: Nectria or Neonectria spp.) on fruit trees, grapevines (e.g. C. liriodendn; teleomorph: Neonectria lirioden- dri, black foot disease) and many ornamental trees; Dematophora (teleomorph: Rosellinia necatrix (root/stem rot) on soybeans; Diaporthe spp. e.g. D. phaseolorum (stem disease) on soybeans; Drechslera (syn. Helminthosporium, teleomorph: Pyrenophora spp. on corn, cereals, such as barley (e.g. D. teres, net blotch) and on wheat (e.g. D. tritici-repentis: DTR leaf spot), rice and lawn; Esca disease (dieback of grapevine, apoplexia) on grapevines, caused by Formitiporia (syn. Phellinus) punctata, F mediterranea. Phaeomoniella chlamydospora (old name Phaeoacremonium chlamydosporum) , Phaeoacremonium aleo- philum and/or Botryosphaeria obtusa; Elsinoe spp. on pome fruit (E. pyri) and soft fruit (E. veneta: anthracnosis) and also grapevines (E. ampelina: anthracnosis); Entyloma oryzae (leaf smut) on rice; Epicoc- cum spp. (black head) on wheat; Erysiphe spp. (powdery mildew) on sugar beet (E. betae), vegetables (e.g. E. pisi), such as cucumber species (e.g. E. cichoracearum) and cabbage species, such as oilseed rape (e.g. E. cruciferarum); Eutypa fata (Eutypa cancer or dieback, anamorph: Cytosporina lata, syn. Libertella blepharis) on fruit trees, grapevines and many ornamental trees; Exserohilum (syn. Helminthosporium) spp. on corn (e.g. E. turcicum); Fusarium (teleomorph: Gibberelld) spp. (wilt disease, root and stem rot) on various plants, such as e.g. F. graminearum or F. culmorum (root rot and silver-top) on cereals (e.g. wheat or barley), F. oxysporum on tomatoes, F. solani on soybeans and F. verticillioides on corn; Gaeumannomyces graminis (takeall) on cereals (e.g. wheat or barley) and corn; Gibberella spp. on cereals (e.g. G. zeae) and rice (e.g. G. fujikuroi: bakanae disease); Glomerella cingulata on grapevines, pomaceous fruit and other plants and G. gossypii on cotton; grainstaining complex on rice; Guignardia bidwellii {black rot) on grapevines; Gymnosporangium spp. on Rosaceae and juniper, e.g. G. sabinae (pear rust) on pears; Helminthosporium spp. (syn. Drechslera, teleomorph: Cochliobolus) on corn, cereals and rice; Hemileia spp., e.g. H. vastatrix (coffee leaf rust) on coffee; Isariopsis clavispora (syn. Cladosporium vitis) on grapevines; Macrophomina phaseolina (syn. phaseoli) (root/stem rot) on soybeans and cotton; Micro- dochium (syn. Fusarium) nivale (pink snow mold) on cereals (e.g. wheat or barley); Microsphaera diffusa (powdery mildew) on soybeans; Monilinia spp., e.g. M. laxa. M. fructicola and M. fructigena (blossom and twig blight) on stone fruit and other Rosaceae; Mycosphaerella spp. on cereals, bananas, soft fruit and peanuts, such as e.g. M. graminicola (anamorph: Septoria tritici, Septoria leaf blotch) on wheat or M. fijiensis (Sigatoka disease) on bananas; Peronospora spp. (downy mildew) on cabbage (e.g. P. brassicae), oilseed rape (e.g. P. parasitica), bulbous plants (e.g. P. destructor), tobacco (P. tabacina) and soybeans (e.g. P. manshurica); Phakopsora pachyrhizi and P. meibomiae (soybean rust) on soybeans; Phialophora spp. e.g. on grapevines (e.g. P. tracheiphila and /³, tetraspora) and soybeans (e.g. P. gregata: stem disease); Phoma lingam (root and stem rot) on oilseed rape and cabbage and P. betae (leaf spot) on sugar beet; Phomopsis spp. on sunflowers, grapevines (e.g. P. viticola: dead-arm disease) and soybeans (e.g. stem canker/stem blight: P. phaseoli, teleomorph: Diaporthe phaseolorum); Physoderma maydis (brown spot) on corn; Phy- tophthora spp. (wilt disease, root, leaf, stem and fruit rot) on various plants, such as on bell peppers and cucumber species (e.g. P. capsici), soybeans (e.g. P. megasperma, syn. P. sojae), potatoes and tomatoes (e.g. P. infestans. late blight and brown rot) and deciduous trees (e.g. P. ramorum sudden oak death); Plasmodiophora brassicae (club-root) on cabbage, oilseed rape, radish and other plants; Plasmopara spp., e.g. P. viticola (peronospora of grapevines, downy mildew) on grapevines and P. halstedii on sunflowers; Podosphaera spp. (powdery mildew) on Rosaceae, hops, pomaceaus fruit and soft fruit, e.g. P. leucotricha on apple; Polymyxa spp., e.g. on cereals, such as barley and wheat (P. graminis) and sugar beet (P. betae) and the viral diseases transmitted thereby; Pseudocercosporella herpotrichoides (eyespot/stem break, teleomorph: Tapesia yallundae) on cereals, e.g. wheat or barley; Pseudoperonospora (downy mildew) on various plants, e.g. P. cubensis on cucumber species or P. humili on hops; Pseudopezicula tracheiphila (angu- lar leaf scorch, anamorph Phialophora) on grapevines; Puccinia spp. (rust disease) on various plants, e.g. P. triticina (brown rust of wheat), P. striiformis (yellow rust). P. hordei (dwarf leaf rust), P. graminis (black rust) or P. recondita (brown rust of rye) on cereals, such as e.g. wheat, barley or rye. P. kuehnii on sugar cane and, e.g., on asparagus (e.g. P. asparagi); Pyrenophora (anamorph: Drechslera) tritici-repentis (speckled leaf blotch) on wheat or P. teres (net blotch) on barley; Pyricularia spp., e.g. P. oryzae (teleo- morph: Magnaporthe grisea. rice blast) on rice and P. grisea on lawn and cereals; Pythium spp. (damping- off disease) on lawn, rice, corn, wheat, cotton, oilseed rape, sunflowers, sugar beet, vegetables and other plants (e.g. P. ultimum or P. aphanidermatum); Ramularia spp., e.g. R. coUo-cygniiRamularia leaf and lawn spot/physiological leaf spot) on barley and R. beticola on sugar beet; Rhizoctonia spp. on cotton, rice, potatoes, lawn, corn, oilseed rape, potatoes, sugar beet, vegetables and on various other plants, for example R. sohni (root and stern rot) on soybeans, R. solani (sheath blight) on rice or R. cerealis (sharp eyespot) on wheat or barley; Rhizopus stolonifer (soft rot) on strawberries, carrots, cabbage, grapevines and tomato; Rhynchosporium secalis (leaf spot) on barley, rye and triticale; Sarocladium oryzae and S. attenuatum (sheath rot) on rice; Sclerotinia spp. (stem or white rot) on vegetable and field crops, such as oilseed rape, sunflowers (e.g. Sclerotinia sclerotiorum) and soybeans (e.g. S. rolfsii),- Septoria spp. on various plants, e.g. S. glycines (leaf spot) on soybeans, S. tritici (Septoria leaf blotch) on wheat and S. (syn. Stagonospora) nodorum (leaf blotch and glume blotch) on cereals; Uncinula (syn. Erysiphe) necator (powdery mildew, anamorph: Oidium tuckeri) on grapevines; Setospaeria spp. (leaf spot) on corn (e.g. S. turcicum, syn. Hel- minthosporium turcicum) and lawn; Sphacelotheca spp. (head smut) on corn, (e.g. S. reiliana: kernel smut), millet and sugar cane; Sphaerotheca fiiliginea (powdery mildew) on cucumber species; Spongospo- ra subterranea (powdery scab) on potatoes and the viral diseases transmitted thereby; Stagonospora spp. on cereals, e.g. S. nodorum (leaf blotch and glume blotch, teleomorph: Leptosphaeria [syn. Phaeo- sphaeria] nodorum) on wheat; Synchytrium endobioticum on potatoes (potato wart disease); Taphrina spp., e.g. T. deformans (curly-leaf disease) on peach and T. pruni (plum-pocket disease) on pi urns; Thielaviop- sis spp. (black root rot) on tobacco, pome fruit, vegetable crops, soybeans and cotton, e.g. T. basicola (syn. Chalara elegans); Tilletia spp. (bunt or stinking smut) on cereals, such as e.g. T. tritici (syn. T. caries, wheat bunt) and T. controversa (dwarf bunt) on wheat; Typhuh incarnata (gray snow mold) on barley or wheat; Urocystis spp., e.g. U. occulta (flag smut) on rye; Uromyces spp. (rust) on vegetable plants, such as beans (e.g. U. appendiculatus, syn. U. phaseoll) and sugar beet (e.g. U. betae); Ustilago spp. (loose smut) on cereals (e.g. U. nuda and U. avaenae), corn (e.g. U. maydis: corn smut) and sugar cane; Venturia spp. (scab) on apples (e.g. V. inaequalis) and pears and Verticillium spp. (leaf and shoot wilt) on various plants, such as fruit trees and ornamental trees, grapevines, soft fruit, vegetable and field crops, such as e.g. V. dahliae on strawberries, oilseed rape, potatoes and tomatoes. The mixtures and compositions according to the present inventions are in particular preferred for controlling the following plant diseases: Soybean diseases: Cercospora kikuchii, Elsinoe glycines, Diaporthe phaseolorum var. sojae, Septaria glycines, Cercospora sojina, Phakopsora pachyrhizi, Phytophthora sojae, Rhizoctonia solani, Corynespora casiicola, and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum.

Plant Health The inventive combinations and compositions according to the present inventions are suitable for enhancing plant health.

Enhancing plant health shall mean that the inventive combinations and compositions can be used as plant growth regulators as defined below, as plant strengthening/resistance inducing compound as defined below, for effecting plant physiology as defined below, and for increasing yield in crops as defined below. Plant Growth Regulation

In some cases, the inventive combinations or compositions can, at particular concentrations or application rates, also be used as herbicides, safeners, growth regulators or agents to improve plant properties, or as microbicides, for example as fungicides, antimycotics, bactericides, viricides (including compositions against viroids) or as compositions against MLO (Mycoplasma-like organisms) and RLO (Rickettsia-like organisms). The active ingredients of the inventive combination or composition intervene in the metabolism of the plants and can therefore also be used as growth regulators.

Plant growth regulators may exert various effects on plants. The effect of the substances depends essentially on the time of application in relation to the developmental stage of the plant, and also on the amounts of active ingredient applied to the plants or their environment and on the type of application. In each case, growth regulators should have a particular desired effect on the crop plants.

Plant growth-regulating compounds can be used, for example, to inhibit the vegetative growth of the plants. Such inhibition of growth is of economic interest, for example, in the case of grasses, since it is thus possible to reduce the frequency of grass cutting in ornamental gardens, parks and sport facilities, on roadsides, at airports or in fruit crops. Also of significance is the inhibition of the growth of herbaceous and woody plants on roadsides and in the vicinity of pipelines or overhead cables, or quite generally in areas where vigorous plant growth is unwanted.

Also important is the use of growth regulators for inhibition of the longitudinal growth of cereal. This re- duces or completely eliminates the risk of lodging of the plants prior to harvest. In addition, growth regulators in the case of cereals can strengthen the culm, which also counteracts lodging. The employment of growth regulators for shortening and strengthening culms allows the deployment of higher fertilizer volumes to increase the yield, without any risk of lodging of the cereal crop.

In many crop plants, inhibition of vegetative growth allows denser planting, and it is thus possible to achieve higher yields based on the soil surface. Another advantage of the smaller plants obtained in this way is that the crop is easier to cultivate and harvest.

Inhibition of the vegetative plant growth may also lead to enhanced yields because the nutrients and assimilates are of more benefit to flower and fruit formation than to the vegetative parts of the plants.

Frequently, growth regulators can also be used to promote vegetative growth. This is of great benefit when harvesting the vegetative plant parts. However, promoting vegetative growth may also promote generative growth in that more assimilates are formed, resulting in more or larger fruits.

In some cases, yield increases may be achieved by manipulating the metabolism of the plant, without any detectable changes in vegetative growth. In addition, growth regulators can be used to alter the composition of the plants, which in turn may result in an improvement in quality of the harvested products. For ex- ample, it is possible to increase the sugar content in sugar beet, sugar cane, pineapples and in citrus fruit, or to increase the protein content in soya or cereals. It is also possible, for example, to use growth regulators to inhibit the degradation of desirable ingredients, for example sugar in sugar beet or sugar cane, before or after harvest. It is also possible to positively influence the production or the elimination of secondary plant ingredients. One example is the stimulation of the flow of latex in rubber trees. Under the influence of growth regulators, parthenocarpic fruits may be formed. In addition, it is possible to influence the sex of the flowers. It is also possible to produce sterile pollen, which is of great importance in the breeding and production of hybrid seed. Use of growth regulators can control the branching of the plants. On the one hand, by breaking apical dominance, it is possible to promote the development of side shoots, which may be highly desirable particularly in the cultivation of ornamental plants, also in combination with an inhibition of growth. On the other hand, however, it is also possible to inhibit the growth of the side shoots. This effect is of particular inter- est, for example, in the cultivation of tobacco or in the cultivation of tomatoes.

Under the influence of growth regulators, the amount of leaves on the plants can be controlled such that defoliation of the plants is achieved at a desired time. Such defoliation plays a major role in the mechanical harvesting of cotton, but is also of interest for facilitating harvesting in other crops, for example in viticulture. Defoliation of the plants can also be undertaken to lower the transpiration of the plants before they are trans - planted.

Growth regulators can likewise be used to regulate fruit dehiscence. On the one hand, it is possible to prevent premature fruit dehiscence. On the other hand, it is also possible to promote fruit dehiscence or even flower abortion to achieve a desired mass ("thinning"), in order to eliminate alternation. Alternation is understood to mean the characteristic of some fruit species, for endogenous reasons, to deliver very different yields from year to year. Finally, it is possible to use growth regulators at the time of harvest to reduce the forces required to detach the fruits, in order to allow mechanical harvesting or to facilitate manual harvesting.

Growth regulators can also be used to achieve faster or else delayed ripening of the harvested material before or after harvest. This is particularly advantageous as it allows optimal adjustment to the requirements of the market. Moreover, growth regulators in some cases can improve the fruit colour. In addition, growth regulators can also be used to concentrate maturation within a certain period of time. This establishes the prerequisites for complete mechanical or manual harvesting in a single operation, for example in the case of tobacco, tomatoes or coffee.

By using growth regulators, it is additionally possible to influence the resting of seed or buds of the plants, such that plants such as pineapple or ornamental plants in nurseries, for example, germinate, sprout or flower at a time when they are normally not inclined to do so. In areas where there is a risk of frost, it may be desirable to delay budding or germination of seeds with the aid of growth regulators, in order to avoid damage resulting from late frosts.

Finally, growth regulators can induce resistance of the plants to frost, drought or high salinity of the soil. This allows the cultivation of plants in regions which are normally unsuitable for this purpose.

Resistance Induction and other effects

The combinations or compositions according to the invention also exhibit a potent strengthening effect in plants. Accordingly, they can be used for mobilizing the defences of the plant against attack by undesirable microorganisms . Plant-strengthening (resistance-inducing) substances are to be understood as meaning, in the present context, those substances which are capable of stimulating the defence system of plants in such a way that the treated plants, when subsequently inoculated with undesirable microorganisms, develop a high degree of resistance to these microorganisms. The active compounds according to the invention are also suitable for increasing the yield of crops. In addition, they show reduced toxicity and are well tolerated by plants.

Further, in context with the present invention plant physiology effects comprise the following:

Abiotic stress tolerance, comprising temperature tolerance, drought tolerance and recovery after drought stress, water use efficiency (correlating to reduced water consumption), flood tolerance, ozone stress and UV tolerance, tolerance towards chemicals like heavy metals, salts, pesticides (safener) etc..

Biotic stress tolerance, comprising increased fungal resistance and increased resistance against nematodes, viruses and bacteria. In context with the present invention, biotic stress tolerance preferably comprises increased fungal resistance and increased resistance against nematodes

Increased plant vigor, comprising plant quality and seed vigor, reduced stand failure, improved appear - ance, increased recovery, improved greening effect and improved photosynthetic efficiency.

Effects on plant hormones and/or functional enzymes.

Effects on growth regulators (promoters), comprising earlier germination, better emergence, more developed root system and/or improved root growth, increased ability of tillering, more productive tillers, earlier flowering, increased plant height and/or biomass, shorting of stems, improvements in shoot growth, num- ber of kernels/ear, number of ears/m², number of stolons and/or number of flowers, enhanced harvest index, bigger leaves, less dead basal leaves, improved phyllotaxy, earlier maturation / earlier fruit finish, homogenous riping, increased duration of grain filling, better fruit finish, bigger fruit/vegetable size, sprouting resistance and reduced lodging.

Increased yield, referring to total biomass per hectare, yield per hectare, kernel/fruit weight, seed size and/or hectolitre weight as well as to increased product quality, comprising: improved processability relating to size distribution (kernel, fruit, etc.), homogenous riping, grain moisture, better milling, better vinification, better brewing, increased juice yield, harvestability, digestibility, sedimentation value, falling number, pod stability, storage stability, improved fiber length/strength/uniformity, increase of milk and/or meet quality of silage fed animals, adaption to cooking and frying; further comprising improved marketability relating to improved fruit/grain quality, size distribution (kernel, fruit, etc.), increased storage / shelf-life, firmness / softness, taste (aroma, texture, etc.), grade (size, shape, number of berries, etc.), number of berries/fruits per bunch, crispness, freshness, coverage with wax, frequency of physiological disorders, colour, etc.; further comprising increased desired ingredients such as e.g. protein content, fatty acids, oil content, oil quality, aminoacid composition, sugar content, acid content (pH), sugar/acid ratio (Brix), polyphenols, starch content, nutritional quality, gluten content/index, energy content, taste, etc.; and further comprising decreased undesired ingredients such as e.g. less mycotoxines, less aflatoxines, ge- osmin level, phenolic aromas, lacchase, polyphenol oxidases and peroxidases, nitrate content etc.

Sustainable agriculture, comprising nutrient use efficiency, especially nitrogen (N)-use efficiency, phos- phours (P)-use efficiency, water use efficiency, improved transpiration, respiration and/or CO₂ assimilation rate, better nodulation, improved Ca-metabolism etc..

Delayed senescence, comprising improvement of plant physiology which is manifested, for example, in a longer grain filling phase, leading to higher yield, a longer duration of green leaf colouration of the plant and thus comprising colour (greening), water content, dryness etc.. Accordingly, in the context of the present invention, it has been found that the specific inventive application of the active compound combina- tion makes it possible to prolong the green leaf area duration, which delays the maturation (senescence) of the plant. The main advantage to the farmer is a longer grain filling phase leading to higher yield. There is also an advantage to the farmer on the basis of greater flexibility in the harvesting time.

Therein "sedimentation value" is a measure for protein quality and describes according to Zeleny (Zeleny value) the degree of sedimentation of flour suspended in a lactic acid solution during a standard time inter- val. This is taken as a measure of the baking quality. Swelling of the gluten fraction of flour in lactic acid solution affects the rate of sedimentation of a flour suspension. Both a higher gluten content and a better gluten quality give rise to slower sedimentation and higher Zeleny test values. The sedimentation value of flour depends on the wheat protein composition and is mostly correlated to the protein content, the wheat hardness, and the volume of pan and hearth loaves. A stronger correlation between loaf volume and Zeleny sedimentation volume compared to SDS sedimentation volume could be due to the protein content influencing both the volume and Zeleny value (Therein "sedimentation value" is a measure for protein quality and describes according to Zeleny (Zeleny value) the degree of sedimentation of flour suspended in a lactic acid solution during a standard time interval. This is taken as a measure of the baking quality. Swelling of the gluten fraction of flour in lactic acid solution affects the rate of sedimentation of a flour suspension. Both a higher gluten content and a better gluten quality give rise to slower sedimentation and higher Zeleny test values. The sedimentation value of flour depends on the wheat protein composition and is mostly correlated to the protein content, the wheat hardness, and the volume of pan and hearth loaves. A stronger correlation between loaf volume and Zeleny sedimentation volume compared to SDS sedimentation volume could be due to the protein content influencing both the volume and Zeleny value (Czech J. Food Sci. Vol. 21, No. 3: 91-96, 2000). Further the "falling number" as mentioned herein is a measure for the baking quality of cereals, especially of wheat. The falling number test indicates that sprout damage may have occurred. It means that changes to the physical properties of the starch portion of the wheat kernel has already happened. Therein, the falling number instrument analyzes viscosity by measuring the resistance of a flour and water paste to a falling plunger. The time (in seconds) for this to happen is known as the falling number. The falling number results are recorded as an index of enzyme activity in a wheat or flour sample and results are expressed in time as seconds. A high falling number (for example, above 300 seconds) indicates minimal enzyme activity and sound quality wheat or flour. A low falling number (for example, below 250 seconds) indicates substantial enzyme activity and sprout -damaged wheat or flour. The term "more developed root system" / "improved root growth" refers to longer root system, deeper root growth, faster root growth, higher root dry/fresh weight, higher root volume, larger root surface area, bigger root diameter, higher root stability, more root branching, higher number of root hairs, and/or more root tips and can be measured by analyzing the root architecture with suitable methodologies and Image analysis programmes (e.g. WinRhizo). The term "crop water use efficiency" refers technically to the mass of agriculture produce per unit water consumed and economically to the value of product(s) produced per unit water volume consumed and can e.g. be measured in terms of yield per ha, biomass of the plants, thousand-kernel mass, and the number of ears per m2.

The term "nitrogen-use efficiency" refers technically to the mass of agriculture produce per unit nitrogen consumed and economically to the value of product(s) produced per unit nitrogen consumed, reflecting uptake and utilization efficiency.

Improvement in greening / improved colour and improved photosynthetic efficiency as well as the delay of senescence can be measured with well-known techniques such as a HandyPea system (Hansatech). Fv/Fm is a parameter widely used to indicate the maximum quantum efficiency of photosystem II (PSII). This pa- rameter is widely considered to be a selective indication of plant photosynthetic performance with healthy samples typically achieving a maximum Fv/Fm value of approx. 0.85. Values lower than this will be observed if a sample has been exposed to some type of biotic or abiotic stress factor which has reduced the capacity for photochemical quenching of energy within PSII. Fv/Fm is presented as a ratio of variable fluorescence (Fv) over the maximum fluorescence value (Fm). The Performance Index is essentially an indica- tor of sample vitality. (See e.g. Advanced Techniques in Soil Microbiology, 2007, 11, 319-341; Applied Soil Ecology, 2000, 15, 169-182.)

The improvement in greening / improved colour and improved photosynthetic efficiency as well as the delay of senescence can also be assessed by measurement of the net photosynthetic rate (Pn), measurement of the chlorophyll content, e.g. by the pigment extraction method of Ziegler and Ehle, measurement of the photochemical efficiency (Fv Fm ratio), determination of shoot growth and final root and/or canopy bio- mass, determination of tiller density as well as of root mortality.

Within the context of the present invention preference is given to improving plant physiology effects which are selected from the group comprising: enhanced root growth / more developed root system, im- proved greening, improved water use efficiency (correlating to reduced water consumption), improved nutrient use efficiency, comprising especially improved nitrogen (N)-use efficiency, delayed senescence and enhanced yield.

Within the enhancement of yield preference is given as to an improvement in the sedimentation value and the falling number as well as to the improvement of the protein and sugar content - especially with plants selected from the group of cereals (preferably wheat).

Preferably the novel use of the fungicidal combinations or compositions of the present invention relates to a combined use of a) preventively and/or curatively controlling pathogenic fungi, with or without resistance management, and b) at least one of enhanced root growth, improved greening, improved water use efficiency, delayed senescence and enhanced yield. From group b) enhancement of root system, water use efficiency and N-use efficiency is particularly preferred.

Seed Treatment

The invention further comprises a method for treating seed.

The invention further relates to seed which has been treated by one of the methods described in the previous paragraph. The inventive seeds are employed in methods for the protection of seed from harmful mi- croorganisms. In these methods, seed treated with at least one inventive combination or composition is used.

The inventive combinations or compositions are also suitable for treating seed. A large part of the damage to crop plants caused by harmful organisms is triggered by the infection of the seed during storage or after sowing, and also during and after germination of the plant. This phase is particularly critical since the roots and shoots of the growing plant are particularly sensitive, and even minor damage may result in the death of the plant. There is therefore a great interest in protecting the seed and the germinating plant by using appropriate compositions.

The control of phytopathogenic fungi by treating the seed of plants has been known for a long time and is the subject of constant improvements. However, the treatment of seed entails a series of problems which cannot always be solved in a satisfactory manner. For instance, it is desirable to develop methods for protecting the seed and the germinating plant, which dispense with, or at least significantly reduce, the additional deployment of crop protection compositions after planting or after emergence of the plants. It is also desirable to optimize the amount of the active ingredient used so as to provide the best possible protection for the seed and the germinating plant from attack by phytopathogenic fungi, but without damaging the plant itself by the active ingredient employed. In particular, methods for the treatment of seed should also take account of the intrinsic fungicidal properties of transgenic plants in order to achieve optimal protection of the seed and the germinating plant with a minimum expenditure of crop protection compositions. The present invention therefore also relates to a method for protection of seed and germinating plants from attack by phytopathogenic fungi, by treating the seed with an inventive composition. The invention likewise relates to the use of the inventive compositions for treatment of seed to protect the seed and the germinating plant from phytopathogenic fungi. The invention further relates to seed which has been treated with an inventive composition for protection from phytopathogenic fungi. The control of phytopathogenic fungi which damage plants post-emergence is effected primarily by treating the soil and the above-ground parts of plants with crop protection compositions. Owing to the concerns regarding a possible influence of the crop protection compositions on the environment and the health of humans and animals, there are efforts to reduce the amount of active ingredients deployed.

One of the advantages of the present invention is that the particular systemic properties of the inventive combinations or compositions mean that treatment of the seed with these active ingredients and compositions not only protects the seed itself, but also the resulting plants after emergence, from phytopathogenic fungi. In this way, the immediate treatment of the crop at the time of sowing or shortly thereafter can be dispensed with.

It is likewise considered to be advantageous that the inventive combinations or compositions can especially also be used with transgenic seed, in which case the plant growing from this seed is capable of expressing a protein which acts against pests. By virtue of the treatment of such seed with the inventive combinations or compositions , merely the expression of the protein, for example an insecticidal protein, can control certain pests. Surprisingly, a further synergistic effect can be observed in this case, which additionally increases the effectiveness for protection against attack by pests. The inventive compositions are suitable for protecting seed of any plant variety which is used in agriculture, in greenhouses, in forests or in horticulture and viticulture. In particular, this is the seed of cereals (such as wheat, barley, rye, triticale, sorghum/millet and oats), maize, cotton, soya beans, rice, potatoes, sunflower, bean, coffee, beet (for example sugar beet and fodder beet), peanut, oilseed rape, poppy, olive, coconut, cocoa, sugar cane, tobacco, vegetables (such as tomato, cucumbers, onions and lettuce), turf and ornamentals (see also below). The treatment of the seed of cereals (such as wheat, barley, rye, triticale and oats), maize and rice is of particular significance. Particularly preferred are the seeds of soybean.

As also described below, the treatment of transgenic seed with the inventive mixtures or compositions is of particular significance. This relates to the seed of plants containing at least one heterologous gene which enables the expression of a polypeptide or protein having insecticidal properties. The heterologous gene in trans- genie seed can originate, for example, from microorganisms of the species Bacillus, Rhizobium, Pseudomo- nas, Serratia, Trichoderma, Clavibacter, Glomus or Gliocladium. This heterologous gene preferably originates from Bacillus sp., in which case the gene product is effective against the European maize borer and/or the Western maize rootworm. The heterologous gene more preferably originates from Bacillus thuringiensis. In the context of the present invention, the inventive combinations or compositions are applied to the seed alone or in a suitable formulation. Preferably, the seed is treated in a state in which it is sufficiently stable for no damage to occur in the course of treatment. In general, the seed can be treated at any time between harvest and sowing. It is customary to use seed which has been separated from the plant and freed from cobs, shells, stalks, coats, hairs or the flesh of the fruits. For example, it is possible to use seed which has been harvested, cleaned and dried down to a moisture content of less than 15 % by weight. Alternatively, it is also possible to use seed which, after drying, for example, has been treated with water and then dried again.

When treating the seed, care must generally be taken that the amount of the inventive composition applied to the seed and/or the amount of further additives is selected such that the germination of the seed is not im- paired, or that the resulting plant is not damaged. This has to be borne in mind in particular in the case of combinations or compositions which can have phytotoxic effects at certain application rates.

The inventive combinations or compositions can be applied directly, i.e. without containing any other components and without having been diluted. In general, it is preferable to apply the compositions to the seed in the form of a suitable formulation. Suitable formulations and methods for seed treatment are known to those skilled in the art and are described, for example, in the following documents: US 4,272,417, US 4,245,432, US 4,808,430, US 5,876,739, US 2003/0176428 Al, WO 2002/080675, WO 2002/028186.

The combinations or compositions usable in accordance with the invention can be converted to the customary seed dressing formulations, such as solutions, emulsions, suspensions, powders, foams, slurries or other coating compositions for seed, and also ULV formulations. These formulations are prepared in a known manner, by mixing the active ingredients with customary additives, for example customary extenders and also solvents or diluents, dyes, wetting agents, dispersants, emul- sifiers, antifoams, preservatives, secondary thickeners, adhesives, gibberellins and also water.

Useful dyes which may be present in the seed dressing formulations usable in accordance with the invention are all dyes which are customary for such purposes. It is possible to use either pigments, which are sparingly soluble in water, or dyes, which are soluble in water. Examples include the dyes known by the names Rho- damine B, C.I. Pigment Red 112 and C.I. Solvent Red 1.

Useful wetting agents which may be present in the seed dressing formulations usable in accordance with the invention are all substances which promote wetting and which are conventionally used for the formulation of active agrochemical ingredients. Preference is given to using alkyl naphthalenesulphonates, such as diisopro- pyl or diisobutyl naphthalenesulphonates.

Useful dispersants and/or emulsifiers which may be present in the seed dressing formulations usable in accordance with the mvention are all nonionic, anionic and cationic dispersants conventionally used for the formulation of active agrochemical ingredients. Usable with preference are nonionic or anionic dispersants or combinations of nonionic or anionic dispersants. Suitable nonionic dispersants include especially ethylene oxide/propylene oxide block polymers, alkylphenol poly glycol ethers and tristryrylphenol polyglycol ether, and the phosphated or sulphated derivatives thereof. Suitable anionic dispersants are especially lignosulpho- nates, polyacrylic acid salts and arylsulphonate/formaldehyde condensates. Antifoams which may be present in the seed dressing formulations usable in accordance with the invention are all foam-inhibiting substances conventionally used for the formulation of active agrochemical ingredients. Silicone antifoams and magnesium stearate can be used with preference.

Preservatives which may be present in the seed dressing formulations usable in accordance with the invention are all substances usable for such purposes in agrochemical compositions. Examples include dichlorophene and benzyl alcohol hemiformal.

Secondary thickeners which may be present in the seed dressing formulations usable in accordance with the invention are all substances usable for such purposes in agrochemical compositions. Preferred examples include cellulose derivatives, acrylic acid derivatives, xanthan, modified clays and finely divided silica.

Adhesives which may be present in the seed dressing formulations usable in accordance with the invention are all customary binders usable in seed dressing products. Preferred examples include polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyvinyl acetate, polyvinyl alcohol and tylose.

The gibberellins which may be present in the seed dressing formulations usable in accordance with the invention may preferably be gibberellins Al, A3 (= gibberellic acid), A4 and A7; particular preference is given to using gibberellic acid. The gibberellins are known (cf. R. Wegler "Chemie der Pflanzenschutz- und Schadlingsbekampfungsmittel" [Chemistry of the Crop Protection Compositions and Pesticides], vol. 2, Springer Verlag, 1970, p. 401-412).

The seed dressing formulations usable in accordance with the invention can be used, either directly or after previously having been diluted with water, for the treatment of a wide range of different seed, including the seed of transgenic plants. In this case, additional synergistic effects may also occur in interaction with the substances formed by expression.

For treatment of seed with the seed dressing formulations usable in accordance with the invention, or the preparations prepared therefrom by adding water, all mixing units usable customarily for the seed dressing are useful. Specifically, the procedure in the seed dressing is to place the seed into a mixer, to add the particu- lar desired amount of seed dressing formulations, either as such or after prior dilution with water, and to mix everything until the formulation is distributed homogeneously on the seed. If appropriate, this is followed by a drying process.

Mycotoxins In addition, the inventive treatment can reduce the mycotoxin content in the harvested material and the foods and feeds prepared therefrom. Mycotoxins include particularly, but not exclusively, the following: deoxynivalenol (DON), nivalenol, 15-Ac-DON, 3-Ac-DON, T2- and HT2-toxin, fumonisins, zearalenon, moniliformin, fusarin, diaceotoxyscirpenol (DAS), beauvericin, enniatin, fusaroproliferin, fusarenol, ochratoxins, patulin, ergot alkaloids and aflat oxins which can be produced, for example, by the following fungi: Fusarium spec, such as F. acuminatum, F. asiaticum, F. avenaceum, F. crookwellense , F. culmorum, F. graminearum (Gibberella zeae), F. equiseti, F. fitjikoroi, F. musarum, F. oxysporum, F. proliferatum, F. poae, F. pseudograminearum, F. sambucinum, F. scirpi, F. semitectum, F. solani, F. sporotrichoides , F. langsethiae, F. subglutinans, F. tricinctum, F. verticillioides etc., and also by Aspergillus spec, such as A. flavus, A. parasiticus, A. nomius, A. ochraceus, A. clavatus, A. terreus, A. versicol- or, Penicillium spec, such as P. verrucosum, P. viridicatum, P. citrinum, P. expansum, P. claviforme, P. roqueforti, Claviceps spec, such as C. purpurea, C. fusiformis, C. paspali, C. africana, Stachybotrys spec, and others.

Material Protection

The inventive combinations or compositions or compositions can also be used in the protection of materials, for protection of industrial materials against attack and destruction by harmful microorganisms, for example fungi and insects.

In addition, the inventive combinations or compositions can be used as antifouling compositions, alone or in combinations with other active ingredients.

Industrial materials in the present context are understood to mean inanimate materials which have been pre- pared for use in industry. For example, industrial materials which are to be protected by inventive combinations or compositions from microbial alteration or destruction may be adhesives, glues, paper, wallpaper and board/cardboard, textiles, carpets, leather, wood, fibers and tissues, paints and plastic articles, cooling lubricants and other materials which can be infected with or destroyed by microorganisms. Parts of production plants and buildings, for example cooling-water circuits, cooling and heating systems and ventilation and air- conditioning units, which may be impaired by the proliferation of microorganisms may also be mentioned within the scope of the materials to be protected. Industrial materials within the scope of the present invention preferably include adhesives, sizes, paper and card, leather, wood, paints, cooling lubricants and heat transfer fluids, more preferably wood. The inventive combinations or compositions may prevent adverse effects, such as rotting, decay, discoloration, decoloration or formation of mould.

In the case of treatment of wood the combinations or compositions according to the invention may also be used against fungal diseases liable to grow on or inside timber. The term "timber" means all types of spe- cies of wood, and all types of working of this wood intended for construction, for example solid wood, high-density wood, laminated wood, and plywood. The method for treating timber according to the invention mainly consists in contacting a combination or composition according to the invention; this includes for example direct application, spraying, dipping, injection or any other suitable means.

In addition, the inventive combinations or compositions can be used to protect objects which come into con- tact with saltwater or brackish water, especially hulls, screens, nets, buildings, moorings and signalling systems, from fouling.

The inventive method for controlling harmful fungi can also be employed for protecting storage goods. Storage goods are understood to mean natural substances of vegetable or animal origin or processed products thereof which are of natural origin, and for which long-term protection is desired. Storage goods of vegetable origin, for example plants or plant parts, such as stems, leaves, tubers, seeds, fruits, grains, can be protected freshly harvested or after processing by (pre)drying, moistening, comminuting, grinding, pressing or roasting. Storage goods also include timber, both unprocessed, such as construction timber, electricity poles and barriers, or in the form of finished products, such as furniture. Storage goods of animal origin are, for example, hides, leather, furs and hairs. The inventive combinations or compositions may prevent adverse effects, such as rotting, decay, discoloration, decoloration or formation of mould.

Microorganisms capable of degrading or altering the industrial materials include, for example, bacteria, fungi, yeasts, algae and slime organisms. The inventive mixtures or compositions preferably act against fungi, especially moulds, wood-discoloring and wood-destroying fungi (Ascomycetes, Basidiomycetes, Deuteromy- cetes and Zygomycetes), and against slime organisms and algae. Examples include microorganisms of the fol- lowing genera: Alternaria, such as Alternaria tenuis; Aspergillus, such as Aspergillus niger; Chaetomium, such as Chaetomium globosum; Coniophora, such as Coniophora puetana; Lentinus, such as Lentinus tigri- nus; Penicillium, such as Penicillium glaucum; Polyporus, such as Polyporus versicolor, Aureobasidium, such as Aureobasidium pullulans; Sclerophoma, such as Sclerophoma pityophila; Trichoderma, such as Trichoderma viride; Ophiostoma spp., Ceratocystis spp., Humicola spp., Petriella spp., Trichurus spp., Cori- olus spp., Gloeophyllum spp., Pleurotus spp., Poria spp., Serpula spp. and Tyromyces spp., Cladosporium spp., Paecilomyces spp. Mucor spp., Escherichia, such as Escherichia coli; Pseudomonas, such as Pseudo- monas aeruginosa; Staphylococcus, such as Staphylococcus aureus, Candida spp. and Saccharomyces spp., such as Saccharomyces cerevisae. Antimycotic Activity

In addition, the inventive combinations or compositions also have very good antimycotic activity. They have a very broad antimycotic activity spectrum, especially against dermatophytes and yeasts, moulds and diphasic fungi (for example against Candida species, such as C. albicans, C. glabrata), and Epidermophyton floc- cosum, Aspergillus species, such as A. niger and A. fumigatus, Trichophyton species, such as T. men- tagrophytes, Microsporon species such as M. canis and M. audouinii. The list of these fungi by no means constitutes a restriction of the mycotic spectrum covered, and is merely of illustrative character.

The inventive combinations or compositions can therefore be used both in medical and in non-medical applications. Genetically modified organisms

As already mentioned above, it is possible to treat all plants and their parts in accordance with the invention. In a preferred embodiment, wild plant species and plant cultivars, or those obtained by conventional biological breeding methods, such as crossing or protoplast fusion, and also parts thereof, are treated. In a further preferred embodiment, transgenic plants and plant cultivars obtained by genetic engineering methods, if ap- propriate in combination with conventional methods (Genetically Modified Organisms), and parts thereof are treated. The terms "parts" or "parts of plants" or "plant parts" have been explained above. More preferably, plants of the plant cultivars which are commercially available or are in use are treated in accordance with the invention. Plant cultivars are understood to mean plants which have new properties ("traits") and have been obtained by conventional breeding, by mutagenesis or by recombinant DNA techniques. They can be culti- vars, varieties, bio- or genotypes.

The method of treatment according to the invention can be used in the treatment of genetically modified organisms (GMOs), e.g. plants or seeds. Genetically modified plants (or transgenic plants) are plants of which a heterologous gene has been stably integrated into genome. The expression "heterologous gene" essentially means a gene which is provided or assembled outside the plant and when introduced in the nuclear, chloro- plastic or mitochondrial genome gives the transformed plant new or improved agronomic or other properties by expressing a protein or polypeptide of interest or by downregulating or silencing other gene(s) which are present in the plant (using for example, antisense technology, cosuppression technology, RNA interference - RNAi - technology or microRNA - miRNA - technology). A heterologous gene that is located in the genome is also called a transgene. A transgene that is defined by its particular location in the plant genome is called a transformation or transgenic event.

Depending on the plant species or plant cultivars, their location and growth conditions (soils, climate, vegetation period, diet), the treatment according to the invention may also result in superadditive ("synergistic") effects. Thus, for example, reduced application rates and/or a widening of the activity spectrum and/or an increase in the activity of the active compounds and compositions which can be used according to the inven- tion, better plant growth, increased tolerance to high or low temperatures, increased tolerance to drought or to water or soil salt content, increased flowering performance, easier harvesting, accelerated maturation, higher harvest yields, bigger fruits, larger plant height, greener leaf color, earlier flowering, higher quality and/or a higher nutritional value of the harvested products, higher sugar concentration within the fruits, better storage stability and/or processability of the harvested products are possible, which exceed the effects which were actually to be expected.

At certain application rates, the combinations or compositions according to the invention may also have a strengthening effect in plants. Accordingly, they are also suitable for mobilizing the defense system of the plant against attack by harmful microorganisms. This may, if appropriate, be one of the reasons of the en- hanced activity of the combinations or compositions according to the invention, for example against fungi. Plant-strengthening (resistance-inducing) substances are to be understood as meaning, in the present context, those substances or combinations of substances which are capable of stimulating the defense system of plants in such a way that, when subsequently inoculated with harmful microorganisms, the treated plants display a substantial degree of resistance to these microorganisms. In the present case, harmful micro- organisms are to be understood as meaning phytopathogenic fungi, bacteria and viruses. Thus, the combinations or compositions according to the invention can be employed for protecting plants against attack by the abovementioned pathogens within a certain period of time after the treatment. The period of time within which protection is effected generally extends from 1 to 10 days, preferably 1 to 7 days, after the treatment of the plants with the active compounds. Plants and plant cultivars which are preferably to be treated according to the invention include all plants which have genetic material which impart particularly advantageous, useful traits to these plants (whether obtained by breeding and/or biotechnological means).

Plants and plant cultivars which are also preferably to be treated according to the invention are resistant against one or more biotic stresses, i.e. said plants show a better defense against animal and microbial pests, such as against nematodes, insects, mites, phytopathogenic fungi, bacteria, viruses and/or viroids.

Examples of nematode or insect resistant plants are described in e.g. U.S. Patent Applications 11/765,491, 11/765,494, 10/926,819, 10/782,020, 12/032,479, 10/783,417, 10/782,096, 11/657,964, 12/192,904, 11/396,808, 12/166,253, 12/166,239, 12/166,124, 12/166,209, 11/762,886, 12/364,335, 11/763,947, 12/252,453, 12/209,354, 12/491,396, 12/497,221, 12/644,632, 12/646,004, 12/701,058, 12/718,059, 12/721,595, 12/638,591.

Plants and plant cultivars which may also be treated according to the invention are those plants which are resistant to one or more abiotic stresses. Abiotic stress conditions may include, for example, drought, cold temperature exposure, heat exposure, osmotic stress, flooding, increased soil salinity, increased mineral exposure, ozone exposure, high light exposure, limited availability of nitrogen nutrients, limited availability of phosphorus nutrients, shade avoidance. Plants and plant cultivars which may also be treated according to the invention, are those plants characterized by enhanced yield characteristics. Increased yield in said plants can be the result of, for example, improved plant physiology, growth and development, such as water use efficiency, water retention efficiency, improved nitrogen use, enhanced carbon assimilation, improved photosynthesis, increased germination efficiency and accelerated maturation. Yield can furthermore be affected by improved plant architecture (under stress and non-stress conditions), including but not limited to, early flowering, flowering control for hybrid seed production, seedling vigor, plant size, internode number and distance, root growth, seed size, fruit size, pod size, pod or ear number, seed number per pod or ear, seed mass, enhanced seed filling, reduced seed dispersal, reduced pod dehiscence and lodging resistance. Further yield traits include seed composition, such as carbohydrate content, protein content, oil content and composition, nutritional value, reduction in anti-nutritional compounds, improved processability and better storage stability.

Plants that may be treated according to the invention are hybrid plants that already express the characteristic of heterosis or hybrid vigor which results in generally higher yield, vigor, health and resistance towards biotic and abiotic stresses). Such plants are typically made by crossing an inbred male-sterile parent line (the female parent) with another inbred male -fertile parent line (the male parent). Hybrid seed is typically harvested from the male sterile plants and sold to growers. Male sterile plants can sometimes (e.g. in corn) be produced by detasseling, i.e. the mechanical removal of the male reproductive organs (or males flowers) but, more typically, male sterility is the result of genetic determinants in the plant genome. In that case, and especially when seed is the desired product to be harvested from the hybrid plants it is typically useful to ensure that male fertility in the hybrid plants is fully restored. This can be accomplished by ensuring that the male parents have appropriate fertility restorer genes which are capable of restoring the male fertility in hybrid plants that contain the genetic determinants responsible for male-sterility. Genetic determinants for male sterility may be located in the cytoplasm. Examples of cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) were for instance described in Brassica species (WO 92/05251, WO 95/09910, WO 98/27806, WO 05/002324, WO 06/021972 and US 6,229,072). However, genetic determinants for male sterility can also be located in the nuclear genome. Male sterile plants can also be obtained by plant biotechnology methods such as genetic engineering. A particularly useful means of obtaining male-sterile plants is described in WO 89/10396 in which, for example, a ribonuclease such as barnase is selectively expressed in the tapetum cells in the stamens. Fertility can then be restored by expression in the tapetum cells of a ribonuclease inhibitor such as barstar (e.g. WO 91/02069).

Plants or plant cultivars (obtained by plant biotechnology methods such as genetic engineering) which may be treated according to the invention are herbicide -tolerant plants, i.e. plants made tolerant to one or more given herbicides. Such plants can be obtained either by genetic transformation, or by selection of plants containing a mutation imparting such herbicide tolerance. Herbicide -resistant plants are for example glyphosate-tolerant plants, i.e. plants made tolerant to the herbicide glyphosate or salts thereof. Plants can be made tolerant to glyphosate through different means. For example, glyphosate-tolerant plants can be obtained by transforming the plant with a gene encoding the enzyme 5- enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase (EPSPS). Examples of such EPSPS genes are the AroA gene (mutant CT7) of the bacterium Sahnonelh typhimurium {Science 1983, 221, 370-371), the CP4 gene of the bacterium Agrobacterium sp. (Curr. Topics Plant Physiol. 1992, 7, 139-145), the genes encoding a Petunia EPSPS (Science 1986, 233, 478-481), a Tomato EPSPS (J. Biol. Chem. 1988, 263, 4280-4289), or an Eleu- sine EPSPS (WO 01/66704). It can also be a mutated EPSPS as described in for example EP 0837944, WO 00/66746, WO 00/66747 or WO 02/26995. Glyphosate-tolerant plants can also be obtained by expressing a gene that encodes a glyphosate oxido-reductase enzyme as described in US 5,776,760 and US 5,463,175. Glyphosate-tolerant plants can also be obtained by expressing a gene that encodes a glyphosate acetyl transferase enzyme as described in for example WO 02/036782, WO 03/092360, WO 2005/012515 and WO 2007/024782. Glyphosate-tolerant plants can also be obtained by selecting plants containing naturally-occurring mutations of the above-mentioned genes, as described in for example WO 01/024615 or WO 03/013226. Plants expressing EPSPS genes that confer glyphosate tolerance are described in e.g. U.S. Patent Applications 11/517,991, 10/739,610, 12/139,408, 12/352,532, 11/312,866, 11/315,678, 12/421,292, 11/400,598, 11/651,752, 11/681,285, 11/605,824, 12/468,205, 11/760,570, 11/762,526, 11/769,327, 11/769,255, 11/943801 or 12/362,774. Plants comprising other genes that confer glyphosate tolerance, such as decarboxylase genes, are described in e.g. U.S. Patent Applications 11/588,811, 11/185,342, 12/364,724, 11/185,560 or 12/423,926.

Other herbicide resistant plants are for example plants that are made tolerant to herbicides inhibiting the enzyme glutamine synthase, such as bialaphos, phosphinothricin or glufosinate. Such plants can be obtained by expressing an enzyme detoxifying the herbicide or a mutant glutamine synthase enzyme that is resistant to inhibition, e.g. described in U.S. Patent Application 11/760,602. One such efficient detoxifying enzyme is an enzyme encoding a phosphinothricin acetyltransferase (such as the bar or pat protein from Streptomyces species). Plants expressing an exogenous phosphinothricin acetyltransferase are for example described in U.S. Patents 5,561,236; 5,648,477; 5,646,024; 5,273,894; 5,637,489; 5,276,268; 5,739,082; 5,908,810 and 7,112,665.

Further herbicide-tolerant plants are also plants that are made tolerant to the herbicides inhibiting the enzyme hydroxyphenylpyruvatedioxygenase (HPPD). HPPD is an enzyme that catalyze the reaction in which para-hydroxyphenylpyruvate (HPP) is transformed into homogentisate. Plants tolerant to HPPD-inhibitors can be transformed with a gene encoding a naturally-occurring resistant HPPD enzyme, or a gene encoding a mutated or chimeric HPPD enzyme as described in WO 96/38567, WO 99/24585, WO 99/24586, WO 09/144079, WO 02/046387, or US 6,768,044. Tolerance to HPPD-inhibitors can also be obtained by transforming plants with genes encoding certain enzymes enabling the formation of homogentisate despite the inhibition of the native HPPD enzyme by the HPPD-inhibitor. Such plants and genes are described in WO 99/34008 and WO 02/36787. Tolerance of plants to HPPD inhibitors can also be improved by transforming plants with a gene encoding an enzyme having prephenate deshydrogenase (PDH) activity in addition to a gene encoding an HPPD-tolerant enzyme, as described in WO 04/024928. Further, plants can be made more tolerant to HPPD-inhibitor herbicides by adding into their genome a gene encoding an enzyme capable of metabolizing or degrading HPPD inhibitors, such as the CYP450 enzymes shown in WO 2007/103567 and WO 2008/150473.

Still further herbicide resistant plants are plants that are made tolerant to acetolactate synthase (ALS) inhibi- 5 tors. Known ALS -inhibitors include, for example, sulfonylurea, imidazolinone, triazolopyrimidines, pry- imidinyoxy(thio)benzoates, and/or sulfonylaminocarbonyltriazolinone herbicides. Different mutations in the ALS enzyme (also known as ace tohydroxy acid synthase, AH AS) are known to confer tolerance to different herbicides and groups of herbicides, as described for example in Tranel and Wright (Weed Science 2002, 50, 700-712), but also, in U.S. Patents 5,605,011, 5,378,824, 5,141,870, and 5,013,659. The production of sul-

10 fonylurea-tolerant plants and imidazolinone -tolerant plants is described in U.S. Patents 5,605,011 ; 5,013,659;

5,141,870; 5,767,361; 5,731,180; 5,304,732; 4,761,373; 5,331,107; 5,928,937; and 5,378,824; and WO 96/33270. Other imidazolinone-tolerant plants are also described in for example WO 2004/040012, WO 2004/106529, WO 2005/020673, WO 2005/093093, WO 2006/007373, WO 2006/015376, WO 2006/024351, and WO 2006/060634. Further sulfonylurea- and imidazolinone-tolerant plants are also

15 described in for example WO 2007/024782 and U.S. Patent Application 61/288958.

Other plants tolerant to imidazolinone and/or sulfonylurea can be obtained by induced mutagenesis, selection in cell cultures in the presence of the herbicide or mutation breeding as described for example for soybeans in US 5,084,082, for rice in WO 97/41218, for sugar beet in US 5,773,702 and WO 99/057965, for lettuce in US 5,198,599, or for sunflower in WO 01/065922.

20 Other plants tolerant to imidazolinone and/or sulfonylurea can be obtained by induced mutagenesis, selection in cell cultures in the presence of the herbicide or mutation breeding as described for example for soybeans in US 5,084,082, for rice in WO 97/41218, for sugar beet in US 5,773,702 and WO 99/057965, for lettuce in US 5,198,599, or for sunflower in WO 01/065922.

Plants or plant cultivars (obtained by plant biotechnology methods such as genetic engineering) which may 25 also be treated according to the invention are insect-resistant transgenic plants, i.e. plants made resistant to attack by certain target insects. Such plants can be obtained by genetic transformation, or by selection of plants containing a mutation imparting such insect resistance.

An "insect-resistant transgenic plant", as used herein, includes any plant containing at least one transgene comprising a coding sequence encoding:

JjD an insecticidal crystal protein from Bacillus thuringiensis or an insecticidal portion thereof, such as the insecticidal crystal proteins listed by Crickmore et al. (1998, Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews, 62: 807-813), updated by Crickmore et al. (2005) at the Bacillus thuringiensis toxin nomenclature, online at: http://www.lifesci.sussex.ac.uk/Home/Neil_Crickmore/Bt/), or insecticidal portions thereof, e.g., proteins of the Cry protein classes CrylAb, Cryl Ac, CrylB, CrylC, CrylD, CrylF, Cry2Ab, Cry3Aa, or Cry3Bb or in- secticidal portions thereof (e.g. EP-A 1 999 141 and WO 2007/107302), or such proteins encoded by synthetic genes as e.g. described in and U.S. Patent Application 12/249,016 ; or

2) a crystal protein from Bacillus thuringiensis or a portion thereof which is insecticidal in the presence of a second other crystal protein from Bacillus thuringiensis or a portion thereof, such as the binary toxin made up of the Cry34 and Cry35 crystal proteins (Nat. Biotechnol. 2001, 19, 668-72; Applied Environm. Microbiol. 2006, 71, 1765-1774) or the binary toxin made up of the CrylA or CrylF proteins and the Cry2Aa or Cry2Ab or Cry2Ae proteins (U.S. Patent Application 12/214,022 and EP-A 2 300 618); or

3) a hybrid insecticidal protein comprising parts of different insecticidal crystal proteins from Bacillus thuringiensis, such as a hybrid of the proteins of 1) above or a hybrid of the proteins of 2) above, e.g., the CrylA.105 protein produced by corn event MON89034 (WO 2007/027777); or

4) a protein of any one of 1) to 3) above wherein some, particularly 1 to 10, amino acids have been replaced by another amino acid to obtain a higher insecticidal activity to a target insect species, and/or to expand the range of target insect species affected, and/or because of changes introduced into the encoding DNA during cloning or transformation, such as the Cry3Bbl protein in corn events MON863 or MON88017, or the Cry3A protein in corn event MIR604; or

5) an insecticidal secreted protein from Bacillus thuringiensis or Bacillus cereus, or an insecticidal portion thereof, such as the vegetative insecticidal (VIP) proteins listed at: http://www.lifesci.sussex.ac.uk/home/Neil_Criclmiore/Bt/vip.html, e.g., proteins from the VIP3Aa protein class; or a secreted protein from Bacillus thuringiensis or Bacillus cereus which is insecticidal in the presence of a second secreted protein from Bacillus thuringiensis or B. cereus, such as the binary toxin made up of the VIP1A and VIP2A proteins (WO 94/21795); or

7) a hybrid insecticidal protein comprising parts from different secreted proteins from Bacillus thuringiensis or Bacillus cereus, such as a hybrid of the proteins in 1) above or a hybrid of the proteins in 2) above; or

8) a protein of any one of 5) to 7) above wherein some, particularly 1 to 10, amino acids have been replaced by another amino acid to obtain a higher insecticidal activity to a target insect species, and/or to expand the range of target insect species affected, and/or because of changes introduced into the encoding DNA during cloning or transformation (while still encoding an insecticidal protein), such as the VIP3Aa protein in cotton event COT102; or

9) a secreted protein from Bacillus thuringiensis or Bacillus cereus which is insecticidal in the presence of a crystal protein from Bacillus thuringiensis, such as the binary toxin made up of VIP3 and CrylA or CrylF (U.S. Patent Applications 61/126083 and 61/195019), or the binary toxin made up of the VIP3 protein and the Cry2Aa or Cry2Ab or Cry2Ae proteins (U.S. Patent Application 12/214,022 and EP-A 2 300 618).

10) a protein of 9) above wherein some, particularly 1 to 10, amino acids have been replaced by another amino acid to obtain a higher insecticidal activity to a target insect species, and/or to expand the range of target insect species affected, and/or because of changes introduced into the encoding DNA during cloning or transformation (while still encoding an insecticidal protein)

Of course, an insect -resistant transgenic plant, as used herein, also includes any plant comprising a combination of genes encoding the proteins of any one of the above classes 1 to 10. In one embodiment, an insect- resistant plant contains more than one transgene encoding a protein of any one of the above classes 1 to 10, to expand the range of target insect species affected when using different proteins directed at different target insect species, or to delay insect resistance development to the plants by using different proteins insecticidal to the same target insect species but having a different mode of action, such as binding to different receptor binding sites in the insect. An "insect-resistant transgenic plant", as used herein, further includes any plant containing at least one transgene comprising a sequence producing upon expression a double-stranded RNA which upon ingestion by a plant insect pest inhibits the growth of this insect pest, as described e.g. in WO 2007/080126, WO 2006/129204, WO 2007/074405, WO 2007/080127 and WO 2007/035650.

Plants or plant cultivars (obtained by plant biotechnology methods such as genetic engineering) which may also be treated according to the invention are tolerant to abiotic stresses. Such plants can be obtained by genetic transformation, or by selection of plants containing a mutation imparting such stress resistance. Particularly useful stress tolerance plants include:

1) plants which contain a transgene capable of reducing the expression and/or the activity of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) gene in the plant cells or plants as described in WO 00/04173, WO 2006/045633, EP-A 1 807 519, or EP-A 2 018 431.

2) plants which contain a stress tolerance enhancing transgene capable of reducing the expression and/or the activity of the PARG encoding genes of the plants or plants cells, as described e.g. in WO 2004/090140.

3) plants which contain a stress tolerance enhancing transgene coding for a plant-functional enzyme of the nicotineamide adenine dinucleotide salvage synthesis pathway including nicotinamidase, nicotinate phosphoribosyltransferase, nicotinic acid mononucleotide adenyl transferase, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide synthetase or nicotine amide phosphorybosyltransferase as described e.g. in EP-A 1 794 306, WO 2006/133827, WO 2007/107326, EP-A 1 999 263, or WO 2007/107326. Plants or plant cultivars (obtained by plant biotechnology methods such as genetic engineering) which may also be treated according to the invention show altered quantity, quality and/or storage-stability of the harvested product and/or altered properties of specific ingredients of the harvested product such as:

1) transgenic plants which synthesize a modified starch, which in its physical-chemical characteristics, in particular the amylose content or the amylose/amylopectin ratio, the degree of branching, the average chain length, the side chain distribution, the viscosity behaviour, the gelling strength, the starch grain size and/or the starch grain morphology, is changed in comparison with the synthesised starch in wild type plant cells or plants, so that this is better suited for special applications. Said transgenic plants synthesizing a modified starch are disclosed, for example, in EP-A 0 571 427, WO 95/04826, EP-A 0 719 338, WO 96/15248, WO 96/19581, WO 96/27674, WO 97/11188, WO 97/26362, WO 97/32985, WO 97/42328, WO 97/44472, WO 97/45545, WO 98/27212, WO 98/40503, WO 99/58688, WO 99/58690, WO 99/58654, WO 00/08184, WO 00/08185, WO 00/08175, WO 00/28052, WO 00/77229, WO 01/12782, WO 01/12826, WO 02/101059, WO 03/071860, WO 04/056999, WO 05/030942, WO 2005/030941, WO 2005/095632, WO 2005/095617, WO 2005/095619, WO 2005/095618, WO 2005/123927, WO 2006/018319, WO 2006/103107, WO 2006/108702, WO 2007/009823, WO 00/22140, WO 2006/063862, WO 2006/072603, WO 02/034923, WO 2008/017518, WO 2008/080630, WO 2008/080631, EP 07090007.1, WO 2008/090008, WO 01/14569, WO 02/79410, WO 03/33540, WO 2004/078983, WO 01/19975, WO 95/26407, WO 96/34968, WO 98/20145, WO 99/12950, WO 99/66050, WO 99/53072, US 6,734,341, WO 00/11192, WO 98/22604, WO 98/32326, WO 01/98509, WO 01/98509, WO 2005/002359, US 5,824,790, US 6,013,861, WO 94/04693, WO 94/09144, WO 94/11520, WO 95/35026, WO 97/20936, WO 2010/012796, WO 2010/003701,

2) transgenic plants which synthesize non starch carbohydrate polymers or which synthesize non starch carbohydrate polymers with altered properties in comparison to wild type plants without genetic modification. Examples are plants producing polyfructose, especially of the inulin and levan-type, as disclosed in EP-A 0 663 956, WO 96/01904, WO 96/21023, WO 98/39460, and WO 99/24593, plants producing alpha- 1,4-glucans as disclosed in WO 95/31553, US 2002031826, US 6,284,479, US 5,712,107, WO 97/47806, WO 97/47807, WO 97/47808 and WO 00/14249, plants producing alpha-1,6 branched alpha- 1,4-glucans, as disclosed in WO 00/73422, plants producing alternan, as disclosed in e.g. WO 00/47727, WO 00/73422, EP 06077301.7, US 5,908,975 and EP-A 0 728 213, transgenic plants which produce hyaluronan, as for example disclosed in WO 2006/032538, WO 2007/039314, WO 2007/039315, WO 2007/039316, JP-A 2006-304779, and WO 2005/012529.

4) transgenic plants or hybrid plants, such as onions with characteristics such as 'high soluble solids content', 'low pungency' (LP) and/or 'long storage' (LS), as described in U.S. Patent Applications 12/020,360 and 61/054,026. Plants or plant cultivars (that can be obtained by plant biotechnology methods such as genetic engineering) which may also be treated according to the invention are plants, such as cotton plants, with altered fiber characteristics. Such plants can be obtained by genetic transformation, or by selection of plants contain a mutation imparting such altered fiber characteristics and include: aj) Plants, such as cotton plants, containing an altered form of cellulose synthase genes as described in WO 98/00549. b) Plants, such as cotton plants, containing an altered form of rsw2 or rsw3 homologous nucleic acids as described in WO 2004/053219. c) Plants, such as cotton plants, with increased expression of sucrose phosphate synthase as described in 10 WO 01/17333. d) Plants, such as cotton plants, with increased expression of sucrose synthase as described in WO 02/45485. e) Plants, such as cotton plants, wherein the timing of the plasmodesmatal gating at the basis of the fiber cell is altered, e.g. through downregulation of fiber-selective β-l,3-glucanase as described in WO

15 2005/017157, or as described in WO 2009/143995. f) Plants, such as cotton plants, having fibers with altered reactivity, e.g. through the expression of N- acetylglucosaminetransferase gene including nodC and chitin synthase genes as described in WO 2006/136351.

Plants or plant cultivars (that can be obtained by plant biotechnology methods such as genetic engineering) 20 which may also be treated according to the invention are plants, such as oilseed rape or related Brassica plants, with altered oil profile characteristics. Such plants can be obtained by genetic transformation, or by selection of plants contain a mutation imparting such altered oil profile characteristics and include: a) Plants, such as oilseed rape plants, producing oil having a high oleic acid content as described e.g. in US 5,969,169, US 5,840,946 or US 6,323,392 or US 6,063,947

15 Plants such as oilseed rape plants, producing oil having a low linolenic acid content as described in US 6,270,828, US 6,169,190, or US 5,965,755 c) Plant such as oilseed rape plants, producing oil having a low level of saturated fatty acids as described e.g. in US 5,434,283 or U.S. Patent Application 12/668303

Plants or plant cultivars (that can be obtained by plant biotechnology methods such as genetic engineering) 30 which may also be treated according to the invention are plants, such as oilseed rape or related Brassica plants, with altered seed shattering characteristics. Such plants can be obtained by genetic transformation, or by selection of plants contain a mutation imparting such altered seed shattering characteristics and include plants such as oilseed rape plants with delayed or reduced seed shattering as described in U.S. Patent Application 61/135,230, WO 2009/068313 and WO 2010/006732.

Plants or plant cultivars (that can be obtained by plant biotechnology methods such as genetic engineering) which may also be treated according to the invention are plants, such as Tobacco plants, with altered post- translational protein modification patterns, for example as described in WO 2010/121818 and WO 2010/145846.

Particularly useful transgenic plants which may be treated according to the invention are plants containing transformation events, or combination of transformation events, that are the subject of petitions for non- regulated status, in the United States of America, to the Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS) of the United States Department of Agriculture (USD A) whether such petitions are granted or are still pending. At any time this information is readily available from APHIS (4700 River Road, Riverdale, MD 20737, USA), for instance on its internet site (URL http://www.aphis.usda.gov/brs/not_reg.html). On the filing date of this application the petitions for nonregulated status that were pending with APHIS or granted by APHIS were those which contains the following information:

- Petition: the identification number of the petition. Technical descriptions of the transformation events can be found in the individual petition documents which are obtainable from APHIS, for example on the APHIS website, by reference to this petition number. These descriptions are herein incorporated by reference. - Extension of Petition: reference to a previous petition for which an extension is requested.

- Institution: the name of the entity submitting the petition.

- Regulated article: the plant species concerned.

- Transgenic phenotype: the trait conferred to the plants by the transformation event.

- Transformation event or line: the name of the event or events (sometimes also designated as lines or lines) for which nonregulated status is requested.

- APHIS documents: various documents published by APHIS in relation to the Petition and which can be requested with APHIS.

Additional particularly useful plants containing single transformation events or combinations of transformation events are listed for example in the databases from various national or regional regulatory agencies (see for example http://gmoinfo.jrc.it/gmp_browse.aspx and http://www.agbios.com/dbase.php). Particularly useful transgenic plants which may be treated according to the invention are plants containing transformation events, or a combination of transformation events, and that are listed for example in the databases for various national or regional regulatory agencies including Event 1143-14A (cotton, insect control, not deposited, described in WO 2006/128569); Event 1143-5 IB (cotton, insect control, not deposited, described in WO 2006/128570); Event 1445 (cotton, herbicide tolerance, not deposited, described in US-A 2002-120964 or WO 02/034946); Event 17053 (rice, herbicide tolerance, deposited as PTA-9843, described in WO 2010/117737); Event 17314 (rice, herbicide tolerance, deposited as PTA-9844, described in WO 2010/117735); Event 281-24-236 (cotton, insect control - herbicide tolerance, deposited as PTA-6233, described in WO 2005/103266 or US-A 2005-216969); Event 3006-210-23 (cotton, insect control - herbi- cide tolerance, deposited as PTA-6233, described in US-A 2007-143876 or WO 2005/103266); Event 3272 (corn, quality trait, deposited as PTA-9972, described in WO 2006/098952 or US-A 2006-230473); Event 40416 (corn, insect control - herbicide tolerance, deposited as ATCC PTA-11508, described in WO 2011/075593); Event 43A47 (corn, insect control - herbicide tolerance, deposited as ATCC PTA-11509, described in WO 2011/075595); Event 5307 (corn, insect control, deposited as ATCC PTA-9561, de- scribed in WO 2010/077816); Event ASR-368 (bent grass, herbicide tolerance, deposited as ATCC PTA- 4816, described in US-A 2006-162007 or WO 2004/053062); Event B16 (corn, herbicide tolerance, not deposited, described in US-A 2003-126634); Event BPS-CV127-9 (soybean, herbicide tolerance, deposited as NCEVIB No. 41603, described in WO 2010/080829); Event CE43-67B (cotton, insect control, deposited as DSM ACC2724, described in US-A 2009-217423 or WO2006/128573); Event CE44-69D (cotton, insect control, not deposited, described in US-A 2010-0024077); Event CE44-69D (cotton, insect control, not deposited, described in WO 2006/128571); Event CE46-02A (cotton, insect control, not deposited, described in WO 2006/128572); Event COT 102 (cotton, insect control, not deposited, described in US-A 2006-130175 or WO 2004/039986); Event COT202 (cotton, insect control, not deposited, described in US- A 2007-067868 or WO 2005/054479); Event COT203 (cotton, insect control, not deposited, described in WO 2005/054480); Event DAS40278 (corn, herbicide tolerance, deposited as ATCC PTA-10244, described in WO 2011/022469); Event DAS-59122-7 (corn, insect control - herbicide tolerance, deposited as ATCC PTA 11384 , described in US-A 2006-070139); Event DAS-59132 (corn, insect control - herbicide tolerance, not deposited, described in WO 2009/100188); Event DAS68416 (soybean, herbicide tolerance, deposited as ATCC PTA-10442, described in WO 2011/066384 or WO 2011/066360); Event DP-098140- 6 (corn, herbicide tolerance, deposited as ATCC PTA-8296, described in US-A 2009-137395 or WO 2008/112019); Event DP-305423-1 (soybean, quality trait, not deposited, described in US-A 2008-312082 or WO 2008/054747); Event DP-32138-1 (corn, hybridization system, deposited as ATCC PTA-9158, described in US-A 2009-0210970 or WO 2009/103049); Event DP-356043-5 (soybean, herbicide tolerance, deposited as ATCC PTA-8287, described in US-A 2010-0184079 or WO 2008/002872); Event EE-1 (brinjal, insect control, not deposited, described in WO 2007/091277); Event FI117 (corn, herbicide tolerance, deposited as ATCC 209031, described in US-A 2006-059581 or WO 98/044140); Event GA21 (corn, herbicide tolerance, deposited as ATCC 209033, described in US-A 2005-086719 or WO 98/044140); Event GG25 (corn, herbicide tolerance, deposited as ATCC 209032, described in US-A 2005- 188434 or WO 98/044140); Event GHB119 (cotton, insect control - herbicide tolerance, deposited as ATCC PTA-8398, described in WO 2008/151780); Event GHB614 (cotton, herbicide tolerance, deposited as ATCC PTA-6878, described in US-A 2010-050282 or WO 2007/017186); Event GJ11 (corn, herbicide tolerance, deposited as ATCC 209030, described in US-A 2005-188434 or WO 98/044140); Event GM RZ13 (sugar beet, virus resistance , deposited as NCIMB-41601, described in WO 2010/076212); Event H7-1 (sugar beet, herbicide tolerance, deposited as NCIMB 41158 or NCIMB 41159, described in US-A 2004-172669 or WO 2004/074492); Event JOPLIN1 (wheat, disease tolerance, not deposited, described in US-A 2008-064032); Event LL27 (soybean, herbicide tolerance, deposited as NCIMB41658, described in WO 2006/108674 or US-A 2008-320616); Event LL55 (soybean, herbicide tolerance, deposited as NCIMB 41660, described in WO 2006/108675 or US-A 2008-196127); Event LLcotton25 (cotton, herbicide tolerance, deposited as ATCC PTA-3343, described in WO 03/013224 or US-A 2003-097687); Event LLRICE06 (rice, herbicide tolerance, deposited as ATCC-23352, described in US 6,468,747 or WO 00/026345); Event LLRICE601 (rice, herbicide tolerance, deposited as ATCC PTA-2600, described in US-A 2008-2289060 or WO 00/026356); Event LY038 (corn, quality trait, deposited as ATCC PTA-5623, described in US-A 2007-028322 or WO 2005/061720); Event MIR162 (corn, insect control, deposited as PTA-8166, described in US-A 2009-300784 or WO 2007/142840); Event MIR604 (corn, insect control, not deposited, described in US-A 2008-167456 or WO 2005/103301); Event MON15985 (cotton, insect control, deposited as ATCC PTA-2516, described in US-A 2004-250317 or WO 02/100163); Event MON810 (corn, insect control, not deposited, described in US-A 2002-102582); Event MON863 (com, insect control, deposited as ATCC PTA-2605, described in WO 2004/011601 or US-A 2006-095986); Event MON87427 (corn, pollination control, deposited as ATCC PTA-7899, described in WO 2011/062904); Event MON87460 (corn, stress tolerance, deposited as ATCC PTA-8910, described in WO 2009/111263 or US-A 2011-0138504); Event MON87701 (soybean, insect control, deposited as ATCC PTA-8194, described in US-A 2009-130071 or WO 2009/064652); Event MON87705 (soybean, quality trait - herbicide tolerance, deposited as ATCC PTA-9241, described in US-A 2010-0080887 or WO 2010/037016); Event MON87708 (soybean, herbicide tolerance, deposited as ATCC PTA9670, described in WO 2011/034704); Event MON87754 (soybean, quality trait, deposited as ATCC PTA-9385, described in WO 2010/024976); Event MON87769 (soybean, quality trait, deposited as ATCC PTA-8911, described in US-A 2011-0067141 or WO 2009/102873); Event MON88017 (corn, insect control - herbicide toler- ance, deposited as ATCC PTA-5582, described in US-A 2008-028482 or WO 2005/059103); Event MON88913 (cotton, herbicide tolerance, deposited as ATCC PTA-4854, described in WO 2004/072235 or US-A 2006-059590); Event MON89034 (corn, insect control, deposited as ATCC PTA-7455, described in WO 2007/140256 or US-A 2008-260932); Event MON89788 (soybean, herbicide tolerance, deposited as ATCC PTA-6708, described in US-A 2006-282915 or WO 2006/130436); Event MS11 (oilseed rape, pol- lination control - herbicide tolerance, deposited as ATCC PTA-850 or PTA-2485, described in WO 01/031042); Event MS8 (oilseed rape, pollination control - herbicide tolerance, deposited as ATCC PTA- 730, described in WO 01/041558 or US-A 2003-188347); Event NK603 (corn, herbicide tolerance, deposited as ATCC PTA-2478, described in US-A 2007-292854); Event PE-7 (rice, insect control, not deposit- ed, described in WO 2008/114282); Event RF3 (oilseed rape, pollination control - herbicide tolerance, deposited as ATCC PTA-730, described in WO 01/041558 or US-A 2003-188347); Event RT73 (oilseed rape, herbicide tolerance, not deposited, described in WO 02/036831 or US-A 2008-070260); Event T227- 1 (sugar beet, herbicide tolerance, not deposited, described in WO 02/44407 or US-A 2009-265817); Event T25 (corn, herbicide tolerance, not deposited, described in US-A 2001-029014 or WO 01/051654); Event T304-40 (cotton, insect control - herbicide tolerance, deposited as ATCC PTA-8171, described in US-A 2010-077501 or WO 2008/122406); Event T342-142 (cotton, insect control, not deposited, described in WO 2006/128568); Event TC1507 (corn, insect control - herbicide tolerance, not deposited, described in US-A 2005-039226 or WO 2004/099447); Event VIP1034 (corn, insect control - herbicide tolerance, de- posited as ATCC PTA-3925., described in WO 03/052073), Event 32316 (corn,insect control-herbicide tolerance,deposited as PTA-11507, described in WO 2011/084632), Event 4114 (corn,insect control- herbicide tolerance,deposited as PTA-11506, described in WO 2011/084621).

Very particularly useful transgenic plants which may be treated according to the invention are plants containing transformation events, or a combination of transformation events, and that are listed for example in the databases for various national or regional regulatory agencies including Event BPS-CV127-9 (soybean, herbicide tolerance, deposited as NCIMB No. 41603, described in WO 2010/080829); Event DAS68416 (soybean, herbicide tolerance, deposited as ATCC PTA-10442, described in WO 2011/066384 or WO 2011/066360); Event DP-356043-5 (soybean, herbicide tolerance, deposited as ATCC PTA-8287, described in US-A 2010-0184079 or WO 2008/002872); Event EE-1 (brinjal, insect control, not deposited, described in WO 2007/091277); Event FI117 (corn, herbicide tolerance, deposited as ATCC 209031, described in US-A 2006-059581 or WO 98/044140); Event GA21 (corn, herbicide tolerance, deposited as ATCC 209033, described in US-A 2005-086719 or WO 98/044140), Event LL27 (soybean, herbicide tolerance, deposited as NCIMB41658, described in WO 2006/108674 or US-A 2008-320616); Event LL55 (soybean, herbicide tolerance, deposited as NCIMB 41660, described in WO 2006/108675 or US-A 2008- 196127); Event MON87701 (soybean, insect control, deposited as ATCC PTA-8194, described in US-A 2009-130071 or WO 2009/064652); Event MON87705 (soybean, quality trait - herbicide tolerance, deposited as ATCC PTA-9241, described in US-A 2010-0080887 or WO 2010/037016); Event MON87708 (soybean, herbicide tolerance, deposited as ATCC PTA9670, described in WO 2011/034704); Event MON87754 (soybean, quality trait, deposited as ATCC PTA-9385, described in WO 2010/024976); Event MON87769 (soybean, quality trait, deposited as ATCC PTA-8911, described in US-A 2011-0067141 or WO 2009/102873); Event MON89788 (soybean, herbicide tolerance, deposited as ATCC PTA-6708, described in US-A 2006-282915 or WO 2006/130436).

Particularly preferred are transgenic soybeans.

Application Rates and Timing When using the inventive combinations or compositions as fungicides, the application rates can be varied within a relatively wide range, depending on the kind of application. The application rate of the combinations or compositions is

• in the case of treatment of plant parts, for example leaves: from 0.1 to 10 000 g ha, preferably from 10 to 1000 g/ha, more preferably from 10 to 800 g/ha, even more preferably from 50 to 300 g/ha (in the case of application by watering or dripping, it is even possible to reduce the application rate, especially when inert substrates such as rockwool or perlite are used);

• in the case of seed treatment: from 2 to 200 g per 100 kg of seed, preferably from 3 to 150 g per 100 kg of seed, more preferably from 2.5 to 25 g per 100 kg of seed, even more preferably from 2.5 to 12.5 g per 100 kg of seed;

• in the case of soil treatment: from 0.1 to 10000 g/ha, preferably from 1 to 5000 g/ha.

These application rates are merely by way of example and are not limiting for the purposes of the invention.

The inventive combinations or compositions can thus be used to protect plants from attack by the pathogens mentioned for a certain period of time after treatment. The period for which protection is provided extends generally for 1 to 84 days, preferably for 1 to 56 days, more preferably for 1 to 28 days, most preferably for 1 to 14 days, after the treatment of the plants with the combinations or compositions, or for up to 200 days after a seed treatment.

The method of treatment according to the invention also provides the use or application of the combination partners (A) and (B) in a simultaneous, separate or sequential manner. If the single active ingredients are applied in a sequential manner, i.e. at different times, they are applied one after the other within a reasonably short period, such as a few hours or days. Preferably the order of applying the compounds (A) and (B) is not essential for working the present invention.

According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the combination partners (A) and (B) are applied simultaneously or sequentially. The plants listed can particularly advantageously be treated in accordance with the invention with the inventive combinations or compositions. The preferred ranges stated above for the combinations or compositions also apply to the treatment of these plants. Particular emphasis is given to the treatment of plants with the combinations or compositions specifically mentioned in the present text.

According to another aspect of the present invention, in the combination or composition according to the invention, the compound ratio A/B may be advantageously chosen so as to produce a synergistic effect. The term synergistic effect is understood to mean in particular that defined by Colby in an article enti- tied "Calculation of the synergistic and antagonistic responses of herbicide combinations" Weeds, (1967), 15, pages 20-22.

The latter article mentions the formula:

wherein E represents the expected percentage of inhibition of the pest for the combination of the two compounds at defined doses (for example equal to x and y respectively), X is the percentage of inhibition observed for the pest by compound (A) at a defined dose (equal to x), Y is the percentage of inhibition observed for the pest by compound (B) at a defined dose (equal to y). When the percentage of inhibition observed for the combination is greater than E, there is a synergistic effect. The term "synergistic effect" also means the effect defined by application of the Tammes method, "Isobo- les, a graphic representation of synergism in pesticides", Netherlands Journal of Plant Pathology, 70(1964), pages 73-80.

A synergistic effect in fungicides is always present when the fungicidal action of the active compound combinations exceeds the expected action of the active compounds. The expected fungicidal action for a given combination of two or three active compounds can be calculated as follows, according to S.R. Colby ("Calculating Synergistic and Antagonistic Responses of Herbicide Combinations", Weeds 1967. 15, 20-22):

If

X is the efficacy when employing active compound A at an application rate of m g/ha, Y is the efficacy when employing active compound B at an application rate of n g/ha and

E is the efficacy when employing active compounds A and B at application rates of m and n g/ha, then E = X + Y - (X*Y)/100 ^"

Here, the efficacy is determined in %. 0% means an efficacy which corresponds to that of the control, where- as an efficacy of 100% means that no infection is observed. If the actual fungicidal action exceeds the calculated value, the action of the combination is superadditive, i.e. a synergistic effect is present. In this case, the actually observed efficacy must exceed the value calculated using the above formula for the expected efficacy (E).

The invention is illustrated by the examples below. However, the invention is not limited to the examples.

Example 1 Puccinia triticina-test (wheat) / preventive

Solvent: 49 parts by weight of N,N-dimethylacetamide

Emulsifier: 1 part by weight of alkylaryl polyglycol ether

To produce a suitable preparation of active compound, 1 part by weight of active compound or active compound combination is mixed with the stated amounts of solvent and emulsifier, and the concentrate is diluted with water to the desired concentration.

To test for preventive activity, young plants are sprayed with the preparation of active compound or active compound combination at the stated rate of application.

After the spray coating has been dried, the plants are sprayed with a spore suspension of Puccinia triticina. The plants remain for 48 hours in an incubation cabinet at approximately 20 °C and a relative atmospheric humidity of approximately 100%.

The plants are placed in the greenhouse at a temperature of approximately 20 °C and a relative atmospheric humidity of approximately 80%.

The test is evaluated 8 days after the inoculation. 0% means an efficacy which corresponds to that of the untreated control, while an efficacy of 100% means that no disease is observed.

The table below clearly shows that the observed activity of the active compound combination according to the invention is greater than the calculated activity, i.e. a synergistic effect is present.

Table 1: Puccinia triticina- test (wheat) / preventive

* found = activity found

** calc. = activity calculated using Colby's formula Example 2 Leptosphaeria nodorum test (wheat) / preventive

Solvent: 49 parts by weight of N,N-dimethylacetamide

Emulsifier: 1 part by weight of alkylaryl polyglycol ether

After the spray coating has been dried, the plants are sprayed with a spore suspension of Leptosphaeria nodorum. The plants remain for 48 hours in an incubation cabinet at approximately 20 °C and a relative atmospheric humidity of approximately 100%.

The plants are placed in the greenhouse at a temperature of approximately 22 °C and a relative atmospheric humidity of approximately 80%.

Table 2 Leptosphaeria nodorum test (wheat) / preventive

found = activity found

calc. = activity calculated using Colby's formula Example 3 Septoria tritici-test (wheat) / preventive

Solvent: 49 parts by weight of N,N-dimethylacetamide

Emulsifier: 1 part by weight of alkylaryl polyglycol ether

After the spray coating has been dried, the plants are sprayed with a spore suspension of Septoria tritici. The plants remain for 48 hours in an incubation cabinet at approximately 20 °C and a relative atmospheric humidity of approximately 100% and afterwards for 60 hours at approximately 15 °C in a translucent incubation cabinet at a relative atmospheric humidity of approximately 100%.

The plants are placed in the greenhouse at a temperature of approximately 15 °C and a relative atmospheric humidity of approximately 80%. The test is evaluated 21 days after the inoculation. 0% means an efficacy which corresponds to that of the untreated control, while an efficacy of 100% means that no disease is observed.

Table 3 : Septoria tritici-test (wheat) / preventive

found = activity found

** calc. = activity calculated using Colby's formula Example 4 Blumeria test (barley) / preventive

Solvent: 49 parts by weight of N,N-dimethylacetamide

Emulsifier: 1 part by weight of alkylaryl polyglycol ether

After the spray coating has been dried, the plants are dusted with spores of Blumeria graminis f.sp. hor- dei.

The plants are placed in the greenhouse at a temperature of approximately 18 °C and a relative atmospheric humidity of approximately 80% to promote the development of mildew pustules.

The test is evaluated 7 days after the inoculation. 0% means an efficacy which corresponds to that of the untreated control, while an efficacy of 100% means that no disease is observed.

Table 4: Blumeria test (barley) / preventive

found = activity found

calc. = activity calculated using Colby's formula

Claims

Claims:

1. A composition, comprising

(A) isotianil and

(B) at least one further compound selected from the group comprising of

(Bl) members of the group of host defense inducers selected from tiadinil (2.1) and probenazole (2.2), and

(B2) members of the group of other fungicides selected from isopyrazam (2.3) and propiconazole (2.4).

2. Composition according to claim 1 comprising combination partners (A):(B) in a weight ratio of 1 :25 to 25:1.

3. A process for preparing a composition, comprising mixing a synergistically effective combination according to claim 1 or 2 with an extender, a surfactant or a combination thereof.

4. A method for controlling plant pathogenic microorganisms, including fungi and bacteria, comprising contacting said microorganisms or their habitat with a composition according to claim 1 or 2.

5. The method according to claim 4, wherein the plant pathogenic bacteria are selected from Acidovorax avenae and/or Burkholderia glumae in rice, Candidatus Liberibacter spec, and/or Xanthomonas ax- onopodis pv. citri in citrus, Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidae in Kiwi, Xanthomonas campestris and/or Xanthomonas campestris pv. pruni in peaches, Pseudomonas syringae pv. glycinea and/or Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. glycines in soybeans, Burkholderia spec, and/or Xanthomonas trans- luscens in cereals, Pseudomonas syringae, Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato and/or Xanthomonas campestris in tomatoes, Pseudomonas syringae and/or Pseudomonas syringae pv. lachrymans in cucumbers, Erwinia atroseptica, Erwinia caratovora and/or Streptomyces scabies in potatoes.

6. The method according to claim 4 or 5 comprising applying the combination partners (A) and (B) simultaneously or sequentially.

7. The method according to any of claims 4 to 6 wherein the amount of the composition of claims 1 or 2 is from 0.1 g/ha to 10 kg/ha for foliar and soil treatment.

8. A method for treating seeds, including a transgenic seed, comprising contacting said seeds with a composition according to claim 1 or 2.

9. The method according to claim 8 wherein the amount of the composition of claims 1 or 2 is from 2 to 200 g/100 kg of seed.

10. The method according to claim 8 or 9, wherein the seed is treated with component (A) at the same time that it is treated with component(s) (B).

11. The method according to claim 8 or 9, wherein the seed is treated with component (A) at a different time than it is treated with component(s) (B).

12. A seed, including a transgenic seed, treated with a composition according to claim 1 or 2.