WO2014067393A1 - 电池能量均衡电路、方法、装置及储能*** - Google Patents
电池能量均衡电路、方法、装置及储能*** Download PDFInfo
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- WO2014067393A1 WO2014067393A1 PCT/CN2013/085368 CN2013085368W WO2014067393A1 WO 2014067393 A1 WO2014067393 A1 WO 2014067393A1 CN 2013085368 W CN2013085368 W CN 2013085368W WO 2014067393 A1 WO2014067393 A1 WO 2014067393A1
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- battery
- energy storage
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0013—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries acting upon several batteries simultaneously or sequentially
- H02J7/0014—Circuits for equalisation of charge between batteries
- H02J7/0019—Circuits for equalisation of charge between batteries using switched or multiplexed charge circuits
Definitions
- the invention can be submitted to the Chinese Patent Office on October 30, 2012, the application number is 201210424782.2, and the invention name is "battery energy equalization circuit, method, device and energy storage system".
- Priority of the Chinese Patent Application the entire contents of which is incorporated herein by reference.
- TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to the field of circuits, and in particular, to a battery energy equalization circuit, method, device, and energy storage system. Background technique
- An energy storage system is a system that stores electrical energy into an energy storage component and releases it when needed.
- the source of electrical energy can be electrical energy obtained from the grid, or energy generated by solar energy, wind energy, and the like.
- the energy storage system is connected to the electrical equipment to supply power to the electrical equipment.
- the energy storage system can be used as a backup power source for the electrical equipment, that is, when the power grid is normal, the power grid supplies power to the power equipment, and when the grid power supply is insufficient or the power is cut off, the energy storage system is powered. The device is powered.
- the energy storage system is mainly composed of a storage battery pack and a battery management system.
- the energy storage battery pack is used to store energy
- the battery management system is used to control the energy storage battery pack.
- the voltage, current and temperature of the energy storage battery pack can be monitored to perform charging and discharging control of the energy storage battery pack. ; Perform overvoltage, overcurrent and overtemperature protection of the energy storage battery pack.
- the energy storage battery pack generally consists of a plurality of batteries, it is also necessary to balance the energy of the battery in the energy storage battery pack to ensure that the battery has uniform characteristics.
- the energy storage battery pack is composed of several battery cells, and the energy is stored in the battery. As shown in Fig. 1, a plurality of battery cells are combined in series and in parallel to form the energy storage battery pack.
- the total voltage supplied by the energy storage battery pack is equal to the sum of the voltages of the individual cells connected in series, and the total current of the energy storage battery pack is equal to the sum of the currents of several battery cells connected in parallel.
- the energy storage battery pack in FIG. 1 includes B groups of parallel batteries, each group of batteries includes a Y-cell battery, the voltage of the single-cell battery is X, and the total voltage supplied by the energy storage battery pack is X*Y.
- the current of each battery is ⁇ , and the total current supplied by the ⁇ battery in parallel is ⁇ * ⁇ . * indicates multiplication.
- FIG. 1A An existing battery energy equalization method is shown in FIG. 1A, in which a resistor is connected in parallel to each battery in the energy storage battery pack, and a battery voltage detector (not shown) is provided for the energy storage battery pack.
- the detector is configured to detect the voltage of each battery in the energy storage battery pack, and provide the voltage of each battery to the controller (not shown).
- the controller determines that the voltage of one battery is higher than the voltage of the other battery, Turn on the path of the battery and the parallel resistor, let the current of the battery flow through the resistor connected in parallel with it, and the excess energy of the battery is consumed by the heat of the resistor until the voltage of the battery and other batteries are equal.
- the circuit for equalizing the energy of the battery in the energy storage battery pack needs to consume more energy of the battery through the resistor, thereby causing additional loss of energy in the energy storage battery pack and reducing the energy utilization rate of the energy storage battery pack.
- a charging circuit a battery energy equalization method, a controller, and an energy storage system are provided, which can improve energy utilization efficiency of the energy storage battery pack.
- the embodiment of the present application provides a battery energy equalization circuit, including:
- Each charging branch includes: a first end of the charging branch is connected to the first output end of the charger, and a second output end of the charger is connected to the second end of the charging branch through a switch; the charger The first input end is connected to the first end of the energy storage battery pack, and the second input end of the charger is connected to the second end of the energy storage battery pack; the charger is when the switch in the charging branch is closed The battery corresponding to the charging branch is charged.
- the charger includes: a coupler and a rectifier; wherein
- a first input of the coupler serves as a first input of the charger, and a second input of the coupler serves as a second input of the charger;
- a first output of the coupler is coupled to the first input of the rectifier, and a second output of the coupler is coupled to the second input of the rectifier;
- the first output of the rectifier acts as the first output of the charger and the second output of the rectifier acts as the second output of the charger.
- the coupler is implemented by a coupling transformer.
- the rectifier includes:
- a first input end of the rectifier is connected to the first output end of the rectifier through the reversed first diode, and is also connected to the second output end of the rectifier through the second diode;
- a second input of the rectifier is coupled to the first output of the rectifier via a reversed third diode and to a second output of the rectifier via a fourth diode.
- the second input of the charger in all of the charging branches is connected to the second end of the energy storage battery pack via a main switch.
- the embodiment of the present application further provides a battery energy equalization method, including:
- the switch in the charging branch corresponding to the battery to be charged is controlled to be closed, so that the charger in the charging branch charges the battery that needs to be charged.
- Determining the battery to be charged according to the voltage of each battery in the energy storage battery pack includes:
- a battery having a voltage smaller than the average value is determined as a battery that needs to be charged.
- Determining the battery to be charged according to the voltage of each battery in the energy storage battery pack includes:
- the method further comprises: controlling the total switch to be closed when determining the energy balance of the battery according to the voltage of each battery in the energy storage battery pack.
- the embodiment of the present application further provides a battery energy equalization device, including:
- a determining unit configured to determine, according to a voltage of each battery in the energy storage battery pack, a battery that needs to be charged; and a first control unit, configured to control a switch in a charging branch corresponding to the battery that needs to be charged to be closed.
- the determining unit includes:
- a calculating subunit configured to calculate a battery voltage average value according to a voltage of each battery in the energy storage battery pack; and a first determining subunit, configured to determine a battery whose voltage is less than the average value as a battery that needs to be charged.
- the determining unit includes:
- a second determining subunit configured to determine a voltage having the largest value from the voltages of the respective batteries of the energy storage battery pack; and a third determining subunit, configured to determine, to charge all the batteries except the battery corresponding to the voltage with the largest value Battery.
- the second control unit is configured to control the main switch to be closed when determining the energy equalization of the battery according to the voltage of each battery before determining the battery to be charged according to the voltage of each battery in the energy storage battery pack.
- the second control unit is specifically configured to: when determining that the voltages of the respective batteries in the energy storage battery group are not equal, controlling the total switch to be closed; or determining that the voltage of at least one battery in the energy storage battery group is not in a preset voltage interval, Control the main switch to close.
- the embodiment of the present application further provides an energy storage system, including an energy storage battery pack, and further comprising: the foregoing battery energy equalization circuit.
- a battery voltage detector and a microprocessor Also included: a battery voltage detector and a microprocessor
- each pair of battery voltage detectors is connected with the two ends of each battery in the energy storage battery pack; the output end of the battery voltage detector is connected to the input end of the microprocessor; the output ends of the microprocessor are respectively Corresponding to the control end of the switch connected in each charging branch;
- a battery voltage detector for detecting a voltage of each battery in the energy storage battery pack
- a microprocessor configured to determine a battery to be charged according to a voltage of each battery in the energy storage battery pack, and control a switch in a charging branch corresponding to the battery to be charged to be closed.
- a charging branch is connected in parallel for each battery of the energy storage battery pack; each charging branch includes: a first end of the charging branch is connected to the first output end of the charger, and the charger is The second output terminal is connected to the second end of the charging branch through a switch; the first input end of the charger is connected to the first end of the energy storage battery pack, and the second input end of the charger is connected to the energy storage battery The second end of the group is connected; the charger charges the battery corresponding to the charging branch when the switch in the charging branch is closed. Therefore, the charger in each charging branch charges the corresponding battery through the energy of the energy storage battery pack. Compared with the prior art, no resistance additionally consumes energy in the energy storage battery pack, thereby reducing energy storage.
- 1 is a schematic structural view of an energy storage battery pack
- 1A is a structural diagram of a battery energy equalization circuit in the prior art
- 2 is a schematic diagram of a first embodiment of a battery energy equalization circuit of the present application
- 2A is a schematic diagram of a second embodiment of a battery energy equalization circuit of the present application
- FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of a charger of the present application.
- FIG. 3A is a structural example of implementing a charger of the present application.
- FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a first embodiment of a battery energy equalization method of the present application.
- FIG. 4A is a schematic diagram of a second embodiment of a battery energy equalization method according to the present application.
- FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a first embodiment of a battery energy equalization device of the present application.
- 5A is a schematic diagram of a second embodiment of a battery energy equalization device of the present application.
- FIG. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of an energy storage system of the present application.
- 6A is a connection example of a battery voltage detector and a microprocessor of the present application.
- 6B is a schematic diagram of a connection structure between a microprocessor and a battery energy equalization circuit of the present application
- 6C is an example of an implementation structure of a battery voltage detector of the present application.
- the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application are clearly and completely described in the following with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present application. It is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present application, and not all of the embodiments. example. All other embodiments obtained by a person of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments of the present application without departing from the scope of the invention are within the scope of the present application.
- the battery energy equalization circuit can be applied to an energy storage battery pack to balance battery energy in the energy storage battery pack. As shown in FIG. 2, the battery energy equalization circuit includes:
- a charging branch 201 is connected in parallel to each battery of the energy storage battery pack. Specifically, the first end of the charging branch 201 is connected to the first end of the charging branch 201 corresponding to the battery, and the second end of the charging branch 201 is connected to the second end of the charging branch 201.
- the charging branch 201 corresponds to the second end of the battery.
- Each charging branch 201 may include: a first end of the charging branch 201 is connected to the first output end of the charger 2011, and a second output end of the charger 2011 passes through the switch K1 and the second end of the charging branch 201 End connection; the first input end of the charger 2011 is connected to the first end A1 of the energy storage battery pack, and the second input end of the charger 2011 is connected to the second end A2 of the energy storage battery pack; The device 2011 is used to charge the battery corresponding to the charging branch 201 when the switch K1 in the charging branch 201 is closed.
- FIG. 2 only three batteries in the energy storage battery pack are shown, and three batteries are connected in series
- FIG. 2 is only an example, the specific number of batteries in the energy storage battery pack and the battery pack and structure in the energy storage battery pack.
- the application is not limited; and, in FIG. 2, only the charging branch structure in which three batteries are connected in parallel, and the charging circuit junction of other batteries in parallel are shown.
- the structure is the same as this, and will not be described here.
- the first end of the battery when the first end of the battery is a positive end, the first end of the charging branch 201 is an output positive end, the first output end of the charger 2011 is an output positive end; when the second end of the battery is a negative end, charging The second end of the branch 201 is an output negative end, and the second output end of the charger 2011 is an output negative end; or
- the first end of the battery is the negative end
- the first end of the charging branch 201 and the first output end of the charger 2011 are the output negative end
- the second end of the battery is the positive end
- the second of the charging branch 201 The second end of the terminal and charger 2011 is the output positive terminal.
- the first input end of the charger 2011 is an input positive end
- the second end of the energy storage battery pack is a negative end
- the second input end of the charger 2011 For inputting the negative terminal; or, when the first end of the energy storage battery pack is the negative terminal, the first input end of the charger 2011 is the input negative end, and the second end of the energy storage battery pack is the positive end, the charger 2011 The second input is the input positive terminal.
- the charger 2011 Since the first input end of the charger 2011 is connected to the first end of the energy storage battery pack, the second input end of the charger 2011 is connected to the second end of the energy storage battery pack; thus, the charger 2011 is a battery The charged electrical energy comes from the energy storage battery pack.
- the switch corresponding to the charging branch of the battery is turned on, the battery is charged by the charger in the charging branch, and the charger uses the energy storage battery.
- the total energy of the group is charged at a low voltage in the energy storage battery pack, thereby achieving battery energy equalization within the energy storage battery pack.
- the energy of the energy storage battery pack is not consumed in the whole process, and the battery energy balance is used in comparison with the prior art, the energy consumption of the energy storage battery pack is reduced, and the energy utilization efficiency of the energy storage battery pack is improved.
- each battery in the energy storage battery pack has an independent charging branch, and the charging branch of one battery is damaged, which does not affect other charging branches, and thus does not affect the energy balance of other batteries.
- each of the batteries in the energy storage battery pack has an independent charging branch, so that the charging branches of the plurality of batteries or even all the batteries in the energy storage battery pack can be controlled to simultaneously charge the battery for energy equalization, thereby energy of the battery.
- the time required for equalization is shorter, which improves the energy balance efficiency of the battery; moreover, the battery energy equalization circuit is especially suitable for scenarios requiring fast equalization.
- a total switch K can be set for the battery energy equalization circuit of the embodiment of the present application, and whether the battery energy equalization circuit is controlled by the main switch , can be set, and the total switch ⁇ can be set in the first charger 2011.
- FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of an implementation structure of a charger in the battery energy equalization circuit shown in FIG. 2 and FIG. 2A, the charger includes: a coupler 301 and a rectifier 302;
- the first input end of the coupler 301 serves as a first input end of the charger, and is connected to the first end of the energy storage battery pack, and the second input end of the coupler 301 serves as a second input end of the charger, and is connected to the energy storage battery pack.
- a second end of the coupler 301 is connected to the first input end of the rectifier 302, and a second output end of the coupler 301 is connected to the second input end of the rectifier 302;
- the first output end of the rectifier 302 serves as a first output end of the charger, and the first end of the battery is connected to the charger, and the second output end of the rectifier 302 serves as a second output end of the charger, and the switch corresponds to the charger through the switch.
- the second end of the battery is connected.
- the coupler 301 is configured to obtain energy for charging the battery from the energy storage battery pack, and transmit the acquired energy to the rectifier 302;
- the rectifier 302 is operative to rectify the electrical energy transmitted by the coupler 301 into a stable direct current that is supplied to the battery to charge the battery.
- the coupler 301 can be implemented by a coupling transformer
- the rectifier 302 can include:
- the first input end of the rectifier 302 is connected to the first output end of the rectifier through the reversed first diode D1, and is also connected to the second output end of the rectifier 302 through the second diode D2;
- the second input of the rectifier 302 is coupled to the first output of the rectifier 302 via a reversed third diode D3 and to the second output of the rectifier 302 via a fourth diode D4.
- the charger can also be implemented by using other charging circuits as long as the battery can be charged by using the energy of the energy storage battery pack.
- the embodiment of the present application further provides a battery energy equalization method, which can implement control of the foregoing battery energy equalization circuit. Referring to FIG. 4, the method may include:
- Step 401 Determine, according to the voltage of each battery in the energy storage battery pack, a battery that needs to be charged;
- Step 402 Controlling that the switch in the charging branch corresponding to the battery that needs to be charged is closed.
- step 401 can include:
- a battery having a voltage smaller than the average value is determined as a battery that needs to be charged.
- step 401 can include: Determining the voltage having the largest value from the voltages of the respective batteries of the energy storage battery pack;
- All the batteries except the battery corresponding to the voltage having the largest value are determined as the batteries to be charged.
- the step 401 can also be implemented by other methods, such as setting a voltage threshold in advance, and determining a battery whose voltage is less than the voltage threshold as a battery to be charged, etc., which is not limited herein.
- Step 400 When determining the energy balance of the battery according to the voltage of each battery in the energy storage battery pack, the control station The main switch is closed.
- the main switch is first controlled to be closed, and the battery energy equalization circuit is started to operate; thereafter, in steps 401 and 402, the battery to be charged can be charged by controlling the closing and opening of the switches in the respective charging branches.
- the determining, according to the voltage of each battery, that the energy balance needs to be performed on the battery may include: determining that the voltages of the respective batteries in the energy storage battery group are not equal; or
- the equalization control method shown in Fig. 4 and Fig. 4A realizes the charging control of the battery in the energy storage battery pack by controlling the switches in the battery energy equalization circuit, so that the batteries in the energy storage battery pack are energy balanced.
- the embodiment of the present application further provides a battery energy equalizing device. Referring to FIG. 5, the device includes:
- the determining unit 510 is configured to determine, according to the voltage of each battery in the energy storage battery pack, a battery that needs to be charged.
- the first control unit 520 is configured to control the opening and closing in the charging branch corresponding to the battery that needs to be charged.
- the determining unit 510 can include:
- a calculating subunit configured to calculate a battery voltage average value according to a voltage of each battery in the energy storage battery pack; and a first determining subunit, configured to determine a battery whose voltage is less than the average value as a battery that needs to be charged.
- the determining unit 510 may include:
- a second determining subunit configured to determine a voltage having the largest value from the voltages of the respective batteries of the energy storage battery pack; and a third determining subunit, configured to determine, to charge all the batteries except the battery corresponding to the voltage with the largest value Battery.
- the apparatus may further include:
- the second control unit 530 is configured to control the main switch to be closed when it is determined that the battery needs to be energy balanced according to the voltage of each battery before determining the battery to be charged according to the voltage of each battery in the energy storage battery pack.
- the second control unit 530 is specifically configured to: when determining that the voltages of the respective batteries in the energy storage battery group are not equal, controlling the total switch to be closed; or determining that the voltage of at least one battery in the energy storage battery pack is not in the pre-predetermined state When the voltage interval is set, the control master switch is closed.
- the equalization control device shown in Fig. 5 and Fig. 5A realizes the charging control of the battery in the energy storage battery pack by controlling the switches in the battery energy equalization circuit, so that the batteries in the energy storage battery pack are energy balanced.
- the equalization control method and the equalization control device can be implemented by a microprocessor.
- the equalization control device may also be implemented by a hardware circuit.
- the embodiment of the present application further provides an energy storage system, as shown in FIG. 6, including the energy storage battery pack 610, and further includes: a battery energy equalization circuit 620.
- battery voltage detector 630 and microprocessor 640 are also included.
- the battery voltage detector 630 includes at least one pair of input terminals for voltage detection, and each pair of input terminals are respectively connected to two ends of the battery in the energy storage battery pack; thereby respectively detecting each battery in the energy storage battery pack. Voltage.
- the output of the battery voltage detector 630 is connected to the input of the microprocessor 640, and the voltage of each battery detected is transmitted to the microprocessor 640;
- each output end of the microprocessor 640 is respectively connected to the control end of the switch K1 in each charging branch; when the switch K2 is realized by a triode, the control end of the switch is the base of the triode, when the switch When implemented by a MOS transistor, the control terminal of the switch is the gate of the MOS transistor; or the switch can also be implemented by a controllable transistor with a control terminal.
- the battery voltage detector 630 can amplify the voltage of each battery in the energy storage battery pack, convert the amplified voltage into a digital signal and send it to the microprocessor 640; at this time, the battery voltage detector 630 can pass the map.
- 6C is an operational amplifier group and an analog-to-digital converter. For a specific implementation circuit, reference may be made to a battery voltage detecting circuit in the prior art, which is not described herein.
- the microprocessor 640 is configured to determine a battery that needs to be charged according to a voltage of each battery in the energy storage battery pack; and control a switch in the charging branch corresponding to the battery that needs to be charged to be closed.
- a charger is separately provided for each battery, and when the voltage of the battery is lower than other battery voltages, the switch corresponding to the charging circuit of the battery is turned on, the battery is charged by the charger, and the charger is used.
- the total energy of the energy storage battery pack is charged at a low voltage in the energy storage battery pack, thereby achieving battery energy equalization within the energy storage battery pack.
- the microprocessor 640 can be implemented by the structure of the battery energy equalization device of FIGS. 5 and 5A. Moreover, the energy of the energy storage battery pack is not consumed in the whole process, and the energy balance of the battery is reduced compared with the prior art, thereby reducing the energy consumption of the energy storage battery pack and improving the energy utilization efficiency of the energy storage battery pack.
- each battery in the energy storage battery pack has an independent charging branch, and the charging branch of one battery is damaged, which will not affect other charging branches, and thus will not affect the equalization effect of other batteries.
- each of the batteries in the energy storage battery pack has an independent charging branch, so that the charging branches of the plurality of batteries or even all the batteries in the energy storage battery pack can be controlled to simultaneously charge the battery for energy equalization, thereby energy of the battery.
- the time required for equalization is shorter, which improves the energy balance efficiency of the battery; moreover, the battery energy equalization circuit is especially suitable for scenarios requiring fast equalization.
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Abstract
一种电池能量均衡电路,包括:为储能电池组的每一电池并联一充电支路(201);每一充电支路(201)包括:充电支路(201)的第一端与充电器(2011)的第一输出端连接,充电器(2011)的第二输出端通过开关(K1)与该充电支路(201)的第二端连接;充电器(2011)的第一输入端与储能电池组的第一端(A1)连接,充电器(2011)的第二输入端与储能电池组的第二端(A2)连接;充电器(2011)在充电支路(201)中的开关(K1)闭合时为充电支路(201)对应的电池充电。该电路能够提高储能电池组的能量利用效率。
Description
电池能暈均衡电路、 方法、 装置及储能*** 本申请要求于 2012年 10月 30日提交中国专利局、 申请号为 201210424782.2、 发明名称为"电池能量均衡电路、方法、装置及储能***"的中国专利申请的优先权, 其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。 技术领域 本发明涉及电路领域, 尤其涉及一种电池能量均衡电路、 方法、 装置及储能系 统。 背景技术
储能***是一种将电能存储到储能元件中, 并在需要的时候释放电能的***。 电能的来源可以是从电网获得的电能, 也可以是由太阳能、 风能发电等产生的能量。 储能***和用电设备相连, 为用电设备供电。特别地, 储能***可以作为用电设备的 备用电源, 也即: 当电网正常时, 由电网为用电设备供电, 当遇到电网电能供给不足 或停电的情况时, 储能***为用电设备供电。
储能***主要由储能电池组和电池管理***两部分组成。 储能电池组用来储存 能量,而电池管理***则用来对储能电池组进行控制,例如可以对储能电池组的电压、 电流、 温度进行监测, 进行储能电池组的充电、 放电控制; 进行储能电池组的过压、 过流和过温保护等。 另外, 由于储能电池组一般由多节电池组成, 还需要对储能电池 组中的电池能量进行均衡, 以保证电池都有统一的特性。
储能电池组由若干节电池组合而成, 能量存储在电池中。 如图 1所示, 若干节 电池通过串联和并联的方式组合起来构成所述储能电池组。储能电池组对外提供的总 电压等于串联的单个电池的电压之和,储能电池组的总电流等于并联的若干组电池的 电流之和。 例如图 1中的储能电池组包括 B组并联的电池, 每一组电池包括 Y节电 池, 单节电池的电压为 X, 贝 1」, 储能电池组对外提供的总电压为 X*Y; 而每一组电 池的电流为 Α, Β组电池并联后提供的总电流为 Α*Β。 *表示乘法。
在对储能电池组进行充电时, 由于每一节电池的特性都会存在一定的差异, 会 导致每节串联的电池能量不相等, 能量高的电池会向能量低的电池充电, 从而加速电 池的老化, 降低储能电池组的使用寿命。 因此, 储能***中都要对电池的电量进行均
衡, 让每节电池能量相等, 从而延长储能电池组以至储能***的总体使用寿命。 现有的电池能量均衡方法如图 1A所示,给储能电池组中的每节电池并联一个电 阻, 并且, 为储能电池组设置电池电压检测器 (图中未示出), 该电池电压检测器用 于检测储能电池组中每节电池的电压, 将各节电池的电压提供给控制器 (图中未示 出), 当控制器确定某节电池的电压高于其他电池的电压时, 接通这节电池和并联电 阻的通路, 让电池的电流流过与其并联的电阻,通过电阻的发热将电池多余的能量消 耗掉, 直到此电池和其他电池的电压相等为止。
但是, 该种进行储能电池组中电池能量均衡的电路, 需要通过电阻消耗电池多 余的能量, 从而造成了储能电池组中能量的额外损耗, 降低了储能电池组的能量利用 率。 发明内容
本申请实施例中提供了一种充电电路、 电池能量均衡方法、控制器及储能***, 能够提高储能电池组的能量利用效率。
本申请实施例提供一种电池能量均衡电路, 包括:
为储能电池组的每一电池并联一充电支路;
每一充电支路包括: 充电支路的第一端与充电器的第一输出端连接, 所述充电 器的第二输出端通过开关与该充电支路的第二端连接;所述充电器的第一输入端与储 能电池组的第一端连接, 所述充电器的第二输入端与储能电池组的第二端连接; 所述充电器在充电支路中的开关闭合时为充电支路对应的电池充电。
所述充电器包括: 耦合器和整流器; 其中,
耦合器的第一输入端作为充电器的第一输入端, 耦合器的第二输入端作为充电 器的第二输入端;
耦合器的第一输出端连接整流器的第一输入端, 耦合器的第二输出端连接整流 器的第二输入端;
整流器的第一输出端作为充电器的第一输出端, 整流器的第二输出端作为充电 器的第二输出端。
所述耦合器通过耦合变压器实现。
所述整流器包括:
整流器的第一输入端通过反接的第一二极管连接整流器的第一输出端, 还通过 第二二极管连接整流器的第二输出端;
整流器的第二输入端通过反接的第三二极管连接整流器的第一输出端, 还通过 第四二极管连接整流器的第二输出端。
还包括:
所有充电支路中充电器的第二输入端均通过总开关连接储能电池组的第二端。 本申请实施例还提供一种电池能量均衡方法, 包括:
根据储能电池组中各个电池的电压确定需要充电的电池;
控制所述需要充电的电池对应的充电支路中的开关闭合, 以使充电支路中的充 电器为需要充电的电池充电。
所述根据储能电池组中各个电池的电压确定需要充电的电池包括:
根据储能电池组中各个电池的电压计算电池电压平均值;
将电压小于所述平均值的电池确定为需要充电的电池。
所述根据储能电池组中各个电池的电压确定需要充电的电池包括:
从储能电池组各个电池的电压中确定数值最大的电压;
将该数值最大的电压对应的电池之外的所有电池确定为需要充电的电池。 根据储能电池组中各个电池的电压确定需要充电的电池之前, 还包括: 根据储能电池组中各个电池的电压确定需要对电池进行能量均衡时, 控制所述 总开关闭合。
根据各个电池的电压确定需要对电池进行能量均衡包括:
确定储能电池组中各个电池的电压不相等; 或者,
确定储能电池组中至少一个电池的电压未处于预设电压区间。
本申请实施例还提供一种电池能量均衡装置, 包括:
确定单元, 用于根据储能电池组中各个电池的电压确定需要充电的电池; 第一控制单元, 用于控制所述需要充电的电池对应的充电支路中的开关闭合。 确定单元包括:
计算子单元, 用于根据储能电池组中各个电池的电压计算电池电压平均值; 第一确定子单元, 用于将电压小于所述平均值的电池确定为需要充电的电池。 确定单元包括:
第二确定子单元, 用于从储能电池组各个电池的电压中确定数值最大的电压; 第三确定子单元, 用于将该数值最大的电压对应的电池之外的所有电池确定为 需要充电的电池。
还包括:
第二控制单元, 用于根据储能电池组中各个电池的电压确定需要充电的电池之 前, 根据各个电池的电压确定需要对电池进行能量均衡时, 控制总开关闭合。
第二控制单元具体用于: 确定储能电池组中各个电池的电压不相等时, 控制所 述总开关闭合;或者,确定储能电池组中至少一个电池的电压未处于预设电压区间时, 控制总开关闭合。
本申请实施例还提供一种储能***, 包括储能电池组, 还包括: 前述的电池能 量均衡电路。
还包括: 电池电压检测器和微处理器; 其中,
电池电压检测器每一对进行电压检测的输入端与储能电池组中各个电池的两端 对应连接; 电池电压检测器的输出端连接微处理器的输入端; 微处理器的各个输出端 分别对应连接各个充电支路中的开关的控制端;
电池电压检测器, 用于检测储能电池组中各个电池的电压;
微处理器, 用于根据储能电池组中各个电池的电压确定需要充电的电池, 控制 所述需要充电的电池对应的充电支路中的开关闭合。
本申请实施例中, 为储能电池组的每一电池并联一充电支路; 每一充电支路包 括: 充电支路的第一端与充电器的第一输出端连接,所述充电器的第二输出端通过开 关与该充电支路的第二端连接; 所述充电器的第一输入端与储能电池组的第一端连 接,所述充电器的第二输入端与储能电池组的第二端连接; 所述充电器在充电支路中 的开关闭合时为充电支路对应的电池充电。从而, 每一充电支路中的充电器通过储能 电池组的能量为对应的电池充电,相对于现有技术, 没有电阻对储能电池组中的能量 进行额外的消耗, 从而降低了储能电池组中能量的消耗,提高了储能电池组的能量利 用效率。 附图说明 为了更清楚地说明本申请实施例或现有技术中的技术方案, 下面将对实施例中 所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍, 显而易见地, 下面描述中的附图仅仅是本申请的一 些实施例, 对于本领域普通技术人员来讲, 在不付出创造性劳动的前提下, 还可以根 据这些附图获得其他的附图。
图 1为储能电池组结构示意图;
图 1 A为现有技术中的电池能量均衡电路结构图;
图 2为本申请电池能量均衡电路第一实施例示意图;
图 2A为本申请电池能量均衡电路第二实施例示意图;
图 3为本申请充电器结构示意图;
图 3A为本申请充电器实现结构实例;
图 4为本申请电池能量均衡方法第一实施例示意图;
图 4A为本申请电池能量均衡方法第二实施例示意图;
图 5为本申请电池能量均衡装置第一实施例示意图;
图 5A为本申请电池能量均衡装置第二实施例示意图;
图 6为本申请储能***结构示意图;
图 6A为本申请电池电压检测器与微处理器的连接结构实例;
图 6B为本申请微处理器与电池能量均衡电路的连接结构示意图;
图 6C为本申请电池电压检测器的实现结构实例。 具体实施方式 下面将结合本申请实施例中的附图, 对本申请实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、 完整的描述, 显然, 所描述的实施例仅仅是本申请一部分实施例, 而不是全部的实施 例。基于本申请中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有付出创造性劳动前提下所获 得的所有其他实施例, 都属于本申请保护的范围。
图 2为本申请电池能量均衡电路第一实施例示意图, 该电池能量均衡电路可以 应用于储能电池组, 对储能电池组中的电池能量进行均衡。 如图 2所示, 该电池能量 均衡电路包括:
为储能电池组的每一电池并联一充电支路 201 ;具体的,充电支路 201的第一端 连接该充电支路 201对应电池的第一端, 充电支路 201的第二端连接该充电支路 201 对应电池的第二端。
每一充电支路 201可以包括: 充电支路 201的第一端与充电器 2011的第一输出 端连接, 所述充电器 2011的第二输出端通过开关 K1与该充电支路 201的第二端连 接;所述充电器 2011的第一输入端与储能电池组的第一端 A1连接,所述充电器 2011 的第二输入端与储能电池组的第二端 A2连接;所述充电器 2011用于在充电支路 201 中的开关 K1闭合时为充电支路 201对应的电池充电。
其中, 在图 2中仅示出了储能电池组中 3个电池, 且 3个电池串联, 图 2仅为 示例, 储能电池组中具体的电池数量和储能电池组中电池组和结构本申请并不限制; 并且, 图 2中仅示出了 3个电池所并联的充电支路结构,其他电池并联的充电电路结
构与此相同, 这里不赘述。
其中, 当电池的第一端为正端时, 充电支路 201 的第一端为输出正端, 充电器 2011 的第一输出端为输出正端; 电池的第二端为负端时, 充电支路 201 的第二端为 输出负端, 充电器 2011的第二输出端为输出负端; 或者,
当电池的第一端为负端时,充电支路 201的第一端和充电器 2011的第一输出端 为输出负端, 电池的第二端为正端时, 充电支路 201的第二端和充电器 2011的第二 端为输出正端。
同样的, 当储能电池组的第一端为正端时, 充电器 2011的第一输入端为输入正 端, 储能电池组的第二端为负端, 充电器 2011的第二输入端为输入负端; 或者, 当 储能电池组的第一端为负端时, 充电器 2011的第一输入端为输入负端, 储能电池组 的第二端为正端, 充电器 2011的第二输入端为输入正端。
由于所述充电器 2011 的第一输入端与储能电池组的第一端连接, 所述充电器 2011的第二输入端与储能电池组的第二端连接; 从而, 充电器 2011为电池充电的电 能来源于储能电池组。
在这种电池能量均衡电路下, 可以在电池的电压小于其他电池电压时, 打开电 池对应充电支路的开关, 通过充电支路中的充电器为电池充电, 而且, 充电器是使用 储能电池组的总能量为储能电池组中电压低的电压充电,从而在储能电池组内部能够 达到电池能量均衡。
而且, 整个过程中储能电池组的能量没有消耗, 相对于现有技术中使用电阻进 行电池能量均衡,降低了储能电池组的能量消耗,提高了储能电池组的能量利用效率。
另外, 储能电池组中的每一个电池都有独立的充电支路, 某一个电池的充电支 路损坏, 不会影响其他充电支路, 从而也不会影响其他电池进行能量均衡。
再有, 储能电池组中的每一个电池都有独立的充电支路, 从而可以控制储能电 池组中多个电池甚至所有电池的充电支路同时对电池充电,进行能量均衡, 从而电池 能量均衡所需的时间较短, 提高了电池能量均衡效率; 而且, 这种电池能量均衡电路 尤其可以适用于需要快速均衡的场景下。 优选地,参见图 2A所示,可以为本申请实施例电池能量均衡电路设置总开关 K, 通过总开关 Κ控制电池能量均衡电路是否工作, 所述总开关 Κ可以设置于各个充电 器 2011的第二输入端与储能电池组的第二端之间, 也即: 所有充电支路 201中充电 器 2011的第二输入端均通过总开关 Κ连接储能电池组的第二端。
参见图 3, 为图 2和图 2A所示的电池能量均衡电路中充电器的一种实现结构示 意图, 所述充电器包括: 耦合器 301和整流器 302; 其中,
耦合器 301的第一输入端作为充电器的第一输入端,连接储能电池组的第一端, 耦合器 301的第二输入端作为充电器的第二输入端, 连接储能电池组的第二端; 耦合器 301的第一输出端连接整流器 302的第一输入端, 耦合器 301的第二输 出端连接整流器 302的第二输入端;
整流器 302的第一输出端作为充电器的第一输出端, 连接充电器对应电池的第 一端, 整流器 302的第二输出端作为充电器的第二输出端,通过所述开关与充电器对 应电池的第二端连接。
其中, 耦合器 301用于从储能电池组获取为电池充电的能量, 将获取的能量传 输给整流器 302;
整流器 302用于将耦合器 301传输来的电能整流为稳定的直流电,提供给电池, 以便为电池充电。
参见图 3A所示, 所述耦合器 301可以通过耦合变压器实现;
所述整流器 302可以包括:
整流器 302的第一输入端通过反接的第一二极管 D1连接整流器的第一输出端, 还通过第二二极管 D2连接整流器 302的第二输出端;
整流器 302的第二输入端通过反接的第三二极管 D3连接整流器 302的第一输出 端, 还通过第四二极管 D4连接整流器 302的第二输出端。
图 3和图 3A所示仅为充电器的实现示例,在实际应用中,所述充电器也可以使 用其他的充电电路实现, 只要能够实现使用储能电池组的电能为电池充电即可。 本申请实施例还提供一种电池能量均衡方法, 能够实现对于前述电池能量均衡 电路的控制; 参见图 4, 该方法可以包括:
步骤 401 : 根据储能电池组中各个电池的电压确定需要充电的电池;
步骤 402: 控制所述需要充电的电池对应的充电支路中的开关闭合。
优选地, 步骤 401可以包括:
根据储能电池组中各个电池的电压计算电池电压平均值;
将电压小于所述平均值的电池确定为需要充电的电池。
或者, 步骤 401可以包括:
从储能电池组各个电池的电压中确定数值最大的电压;
将该数值最大的电压对应的电池之外的所有电池确定为需要充电的电池。
当然在实际应用中步骤 401还可以通过其他方法实现,例如预先设置电压阈值, 将电压小于该电压阈值的电池确定为需要充电的电池等, 这里并不限制。
当电池能量均衡电路使用图 2A所示的结构实现时, 参见图 4A, 步骤 401之前 还可以包括: 步骤 400: 根据储能电池组中各个电池的电压确定需要对电池进行能量 均衡时, 控制所述总开关闭合。
从而首先控制总开关闭合, 启动电池能量均衡电路开始工作; 之后, 步骤 401 和步骤 402中即可以通过控制各个充电支路中开关的闭合和断开,为需要充电的电池 充电。
优选地, 所述根据各个电池的电压确定需要对电池进行能量均衡可以包括: 确定储能电池组中各个电池的电压不相等; 或者,
确定储能电池组中至少一个电池的电压未处于预设电压区间。
图 4和图 4A所示的均衡控制方法通过对电池能量均衡电路中开关的控制,来实 现对于储能电池组中电池的充电控制, 使得储能电池组中的电池达到能量均衡。 与上述方法相对应的, 本申请实施例还提供一种电池能量均衡装置, 参见图 5, 该装置包括:
确定单元 510, 用于根据储能电池组中各个电池的电压确定需要充电的电池; 第一控制单元 520, 用于控制所述需要充电的电池对应的充电支路中的开关闭 合。
优选地, 确定单元 510可以包括:
计算子单元, 用于根据储能电池组中各个电池的电压计算电池电压平均值; 第一确定子单元, 用于将电压小于所述平均值的电池确定为需要充电的电池。 或者, 优选地, 确定单元 510可以包括:
第二确定子单元, 用于从储能电池组各个电池的电压中确定数值最大的电压; 第三确定子单元, 用于将该数值最大的电压对应的电池之外的所有电池确定为 需要充电的电池。
优选地, 参见图 5A, 该装置还可以包括:
第二控制单元 530,用于根据储能电池组中各个电池的电压确定需要充电的电池 之前, 根据各个电池的电压确定需要对电池进行能量均衡时, 控制总开关闭合。
优选地, 第二控制单元 530具体可以用于: 确定储能电池组中各个电池的电压 不相等时, 控制所述总开关闭合; 或者, 确定储能电池组中至少一个电池的电压未处 于预设电压区间时, 控制总开关闭合。
图 5和图 5A所示的均衡控制装置通过对电池能量均衡电路中开关的控制,来实 现对于储能电池组中电池的充电控制, 使得储能电池组中的电池达到能量均衡。
优选地, 所述均衡控制方法和均衡控制装置可以通过微处理器实现。
或者, 所述均衡控制装置也可以通过硬件电路实现。 另外, 本申请实施例还提供一种储能***, 参见图 6, 包括储能电池组 610, 还 包括: 电池能量均衡电路 620。优选地, 还包括电池电压检测器 630和微处理器 640。
其中, 参见图 6A, 电池电压检测器 630包括至少一对进行电压检测的输入端, 每一对输入端分别连接储能电池组中电池的两端;从而分别检测储能电池组中每一个 电池的电压。
电池电压检测器 630的输出端连接微处理器 640的输入端, 将检测的各个电池 的电压传输给微处理器 640;
参见图 6B, 微处理器 640的各个输出端分别连接各个充电支路中的开关 K1的 控制端; 当所述开关 K2通过三极管实现时, 所述开关的控制端为三极管的基极, 当 开关通过 MOS管实现时, 所述开关的控制端为 MOS管的栅极; 或者, 所述开关也 可以通过带有控制端的可控三极管实现。
优选地, 电池电压检测器 630可以将储能电池组中各个电池的电压放大, 将放 大后的电压转换为数字信号发送给微处理器 640; 此时, 所述电池电压检测器 630可 以通过图 6C所述的运算放大器组和模 /数转换器实现,具体的实现电路可以参考现有 技术中的电池电压检测电路, 这里不赘述。
微处理器 640,用于根据储能电池组中各个电池的电压确定需要充电的电池;控 制所述需要充电的电池对应的充电支路中的开关闭合。
图 6所示的储能***中, 为各个电池分别设置充电器, 可以在电池的电压小于 其他电池电压时, 打开电池对应充电电路的开关, 通过充电器为电池充电, 而且, 充 电器是使用储能电池组的总能量为储能电池组中电压低的电压充电,从而在储能电池 组内部能够达到电池能量均衡。
优选地,所述微处理器 640可以通过图 5和图 5A中的电池能量均衡装置的结构 实现。
而且, 整个过程中储能电池组的能量没有消耗, 相对于现有技术中使用电阻进 行电池能量均衡,降低了储能电池组的能量消耗,提高了储能电池组的能量利用效率。
另外, 储能电池组中的每一个电池都有独立的充电支路, 某一个电池的充电支 路损坏, 不会影响其他充电支路, 从而也不会影响其他电池的均衡效果。
再有, 储能电池组中的每一个电池都有独立的充电支路, 从而可以控制储能电 池组中多个电池甚至所有电池的充电支路同时对电池充电,进行能量均衡, 从而电池 能量均衡所需的时间较短, 提高了电池能量均衡效率; 而且, 这种电池能量均衡电路 尤其可以适用于需要快速均衡的场景下。 本说明书中的各个实施例均采用递进的方式描述, 各个实施例之间相同相似的 部分互相参见即可, 每个实施例重点说明的都是与其他实施例的不同之处。尤其, 对 于***实施例而言, 由于其基本相似于方法实施例, 所以描述的比较简单, 相关之处 参见方法实施例的部分说明即可。
以上所述的本申请实施方式, 并不构成对本申请保护范围的限定。 任何在本申 请的精神和原则之内所作的修改、等同替换和改进等,均应包含在本申请的保护范围 之内。
10
丄
Claims
1、 一种电池能量均衡电路, 其特征在于, 包括:
为储能电池组的每一电池并联一充电支路;
每一充电支路包括: 充电支路的第一端与充电器的第一输出端连接, 所 述充电器的第二输出端通过开关与该充电支路的第二端连接; 所述充电器的 第一输入端与储能电池组的第一端连接, 所述充电器的第二输入端与储能电 池组的第二端连接;
所述充电器在充电支路中的开关闭合时为充电支路对应的电池充电。
2、 根据权利要求 1所述的电池能量均衡电路, 其特征在于, 所述充电 器包括: 耦合器和整流器; 其中,
耦合器的第一输入端作为充电器的第一输入端,耦合器的第二输入端作 为充电器的第二输入端;
耦合器的第一输出端连接整流器的第一输入端,耦合器的第二输出端连 接整流器的第二输入端;
整流器的第一输出端作为充电器的第一输出端,整流器的第二输出端作 为充电器的第二输出端。
3、 根据权利要求 2所述的电池能量均衡电路, 其特征在于, 所述耦合 器通过耦合变压器实现。
4、 根据权利要求 2或 3所述的电池能量均衡电路, 其特征在于, 所述 整流器包括:
整流器的第一输入端通过反接的第一二极管连接整流器的第一输出端, 还通过第二二极管连接整流器的第二输出端;
整流器的第二输入端通过反接的第三二极管连接整流器的第一输出端, 还通过第四二极管连接整流器的第二输出端。
5、根据权利要求 1至 4任一项所述的电池能量均衡电路, 其特征在于, 还包括:
所有充电支路中充电器的第二输入端均通过总开关连接储能电池组的
一 ¾。
6、 一种电池能量均衡方法, 其特征在于, 包括:
根据储能电池组中各个电池的电压确定需要充电的电池;
控制所述需要充电的电池对应的充电支路中的开关闭合,以使充电支路 中的充电器为需要充电的电池充电。
7、 根据权利要求 6所述的方法, 其特征在于, 所述根据储能电池组中 各个电池的电压确定需要充电的电池包括:
根据储能电池组中各个电池的电压计算电池电压平均值;
将电压小于所述平均值的电池确定为需要充电的电池。
8、 根据权利要求 6所述的方法, 其特征在于, 所述根据储能电池组中 各个电池的电压确定需要充电的电池包括:
从储能电池组各个电池的电压中确定数值最大的电压;
将该数值最大的电压对应的电池之外的所有电池确定为需要充电的电 池。
9、 根据权利要求 6至 8任一项所述的方法, 其特征在于, 根据储能电 池组中各个电池的电压确定需要充电的电池之前, 还包括:
根据储能电池组中各个电池的电压确定需要对电池进行能量均衡时,控 制所述总开关闭合。
10、 根据权利要求 9所述的方法, 其特征在于, 根据各个电池的电压确 定需要对电池进行能量均衡包括:
确定储能电池组中各个电池的电压不相等; 或者,
确定储能电池组中至少一个电池的电压未处于预设电压区间。
11、 一种电池能量均衡装置, 其特征在于, 包括:
确定单元, 用于根据储能电池组中各个电池的电压确定需要充电的电 池;
第一控制单元,用于控制所述需要充电的电池对应的充电支路中的开关
闭合。
12、 根据权利要求 11所述的装置, 其特征在于, 确定单元包括: 计算子单元,用于根据储能电池组中各个电池的电压计算电池电压平均 值;
第一确定子单元,用于将电压小于所述平均值的电池确定为需要充电的 电池。
13、 根据权利要求 11所述的装置, 其特征在于, 确定单元包括: 第二确定子单元,用于从储能电池组各个电池的电压中确定数值最大的 电压;
第三确定子单元,用于将该数值最大的电压对应的电池之外的所有电池 确定为需要充电的电池。
14、 根据权利要求 11至 13任一项所述的装置, 其特征在于, 还包括: 第二控制单元,用于根据储能电池组中各个电池的电压确定需要充电的 电池之前, 根据各个电池的电压确定需要对电池进行能量均衡时, 控制总开 关闭合。
15、 根据权利要求 14所述的装置, 其特征在于, 第二控制单元具体用 于: 确定储能电池组中各个电池的电压不相等时, 控制所述总开关闭合; 或 者, 确定储能电池组中至少一个电池的电压未处于预设电压区间时, 控制总 开关闭合。
16、 一种储能***, 其特征在于, 包括储能电池组, 还包括: 权利要求
1至 5任一项所述的电池能量均衡电路。
17、 根据权利要求 16所述的***, 其特征在于, 还包括: 电池电压检 测器和微处理器; 其中,
电池电压检测器每一对进行电压检测的输入端与储能电池组中各个电 池的两端对应连接; 电池电压检测器的输出端连接微处理器的输入端; 微处 理器的各个输出端分别对应连接各个充电支路中的开关的控制端;
电池电压检测器, 用于检测储能电池组中各个电池的电压;
微处理器, 用于根据储能电池组中各个电池的电压确定需要充电的电 池, 控制所述需要充电的电池对应的充电支路中的开关闭合。
18、根据权利要求 17所述的***, 其特征在于, 所述微处理器包括权利 要求 11至 15任一项所述的装置。
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