WO2014053674A1 - Integral reinforced-concrete insulation block and system for assembly in wall work - Google Patents

Integral reinforced-concrete insulation block and system for assembly in wall work Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO2014053674A1
WO2014053674A1 PCT/ES2012/070687 ES2012070687W WO2014053674A1 WO 2014053674 A1 WO2014053674 A1 WO 2014053674A1 ES 2012070687 W ES2012070687 W ES 2012070687W WO 2014053674 A1 WO2014053674 A1 WO 2014053674A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
concrete
block
plates
projections
construction
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/ES2012/070687
Other languages
Spanish (es)
French (fr)
Inventor
Ernesto Antelo Pensado
Original Assignee
Teais S.A.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Teais S.A. filed Critical Teais S.A.
Priority to PCT/ES2012/070687 priority Critical patent/WO2014053674A1/en
Priority to ES201590001U priority patent/ES1137281Y/en
Publication of WO2014053674A1 publication Critical patent/WO2014053674A1/en

Links

Classifications

    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04BUILDING
    • E04BGENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B2/00Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
    • E04B2/02Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls built-up from layers of building elements
    • E04B2/28Walls having cavities between, but not in, the elements; Walls of elements each consisting of two or more parts kept in distance by means of spacers, all parts being solid
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04BUILDING
    • E04CSTRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C1/00Building elements of block or other shape for the construction of parts of buildings
    • E04C1/40Building elements of block or other shape for the construction of parts of buildings built-up from parts of different materials, e.g. composed of layers of different materials or stones with filling material or with insulating inserts
    • E04C1/41Building elements of block or other shape for the construction of parts of buildings built-up from parts of different materials, e.g. composed of layers of different materials or stones with filling material or with insulating inserts composed of insulating material and load-bearing concrete, stone or stone-like material

Definitions

  • the object of the present invention is a reinforced concrete block with an internal hollow, with technical characteristics of structure and components that give it a high mechanical strength and some qualities of integral insulation hitherto not achieved in the prefabricated construction works referred to above.
  • the invention also relates to the assembly system used between contiguous blocks, based on an anchoring device designed according to the modular profile of the block.
  • said prefabricated is constituted by two symmetrical plates of reinforced concrete with frustoconical projections on one of its sides, intimately joined by the base of the same.
  • this structure includes between the two component plates a sheet of aluminum or other metallic material with reflective and waterproofing properties, or this sheet can be replaced by a mass filling of thermally insulating concrete, for example, aerated concrete, polyurethane foams or similar products in the space between the projections of the plate destined to be inside the wall or wall of the building.
  • a block is thus achieved as a modular panel of reinforced concrete with high mechanical strength and high insulating capacity, quick and easy assembly, and with the possibility of finishing with the coatings and conventional coatings, or being as a closed face, which makes it applicable in all types of prefabricated buildings of walls and facades.
  • block with integrated aluminum foil which creates a vapor barrier and radiant, minimizes the problems arising from dampness by condensation and offers a solution to those buildings that require protection inside electromagnetic radiation, case of gamma rays of antennas, mobile telephony, etc., or radiation caused by gases or radioactive elements, such as radon gas.
  • the technical field of the invention is that of the materials and construction elements, in particular that of prefabricated concrete in the form of blocks or any other for the construction of parts of buildings, such as floors, walls, ceilings and roofs. STATE OF THE ART. -
  • this type of modular construction consists of the coupling of pieces and prefabricated concrete products of different characteristics to create different types of construction elements: enclosures, slabs, dated with inner air chamber, etc.
  • the Constructive Elements Catalog of the CTE (Technical Building Code) collects the concretes for prefabricated pieces and products, among which are the conventional concrete, concrete with expanded clay or cellular concrete, as well as the prefabricated ones for the different construction applications, such as concrete slabs and bricks, concrete blocks and bricks, and concrete tiles.
  • the CTE distinguishes between conventional concrete block, hollow or solid lightened concrete block, depending on whether the percentage of holes is greater or lesser of 15% respectively, block of pebbles, and perforated or solid concrete brick, considering as perforated brick the one that has a percentage of holes between 25-50%.
  • the lightweight hollow concrete blocks also known as alveolar concrete blocks
  • the perforated concrete bricks These blocks have a prismatic shape, with normalized dimensions, and are presented in a great variety of models, according to the number and geometrical shapes of their cavities. Its use allows to increase the performance in the construction processes, getting finished surfaces that can be seen in premises or warehouses or, if preferred, they can be complemented externally and / or internally with paint finishes, plaster or plaster material. factory, depending on the quality characteristics that you want to give the building.
  • these blocks and perforated concrete bricks are not suitable for load-bearing walls, being chosen for the prefabricated construction of the same solid concrete blocks or reinforced concrete plates, such as the plate contemplated in the Spanish patent with publication number ES2070047R, whose union is carried out by electrical welding, and in relation to insulation, said prefabricated are not prepared to act as a barrier against vapor, to avoid humidity by condensation, or as radiant barriers, to neutralize the increasingly abundant radiation of the external environment .
  • the prefabricated concrete developed covers the deficiencies of this type of structural modules usually used in the construction of facades and walls, improving the insulating and soundproofing capacity of them.
  • the referred construction product consists of a block of hollow reinforced concrete with a novel structural design of two symmetrical plates facing with integrated lateral reinforcement and interior truncated conical protruding, which gives it carrying capacity without impairing an insulating capacity and soundproofing consequence of the large air chamber created between the internal projections, which can be improved in variants of the block that include fillings of masses of aerated concrete or another of thermo-insulating characteristics such as polyurethane foams or similar, or expanded in the most innovative block version, with aluminum or similar metal sheet incorporated between the two plates, to act as an anti-vapor and radiant barrier.
  • Deepening the exhibition of the invention it can be said that it consists of a block of reinforced concrete with an interior hollow, with a design and components based on several terminations that add to its purely structural function, mechanical resistance, an isolation function integral in the walls and facades with air chamber of the diversity of prefabricated buildings in which it finds application, whether walls with a sealed air chamber, or in ventilated version, while once properly installed through the specific technique developed for this purpose, acts as an insulator thermal, acoustic, against humidity, and in its block version with integrated aluminum plate, also as a vapor barrier and radiant barrier.
  • it is a prefabricated hollow concrete masonry, which, like all this kind of modular structures, is normally made with fine concretes or cement mortars, and with predefined, catalogable dimensions, depending on the type of wall or wall being built, essentially characterized by a structure formed by two rectangular symmetrical plates of concrete with frustoconical projections and steel reinforcement integrated by its flat side, joined together by the bases of its projections by means of a resin or specific epoxy glue for concrete.
  • the block has a metal sheet or membrane incorporated between the frustoconical projections of the two opposing plates, parallel to its sides lateral, so that both constituent plates are joined together through said sheet or membrane by a specific resin or epoxy glue in this case for concrete-metal.
  • Said inner metal sheet or membrane is ideally made of aluminum, but can also be made of titanium-stainless steel, or other metals or alloys with a reflective and waterproofing capacity.
  • the concrete block in its two previous variants, with or without an incorporated aluminum plate, can have a polyurethane foam coating projected by the internal surface of one or both facing plates, which gives it a higher degree of thermal insulation and acoustic.
  • thermally insulating concrete that is to say, a lightweight concrete with properties insulating from heat and also sound, or polyurethane foam or the like, in the space included between the frustoconical projections of one of the opposing plates, the one destined to remain inside the wall or wall of the building object of construction, thus improving its resistance and waterproofing capacity.
  • said filling of the inner half of the block can be cellular concrete, expanded perlite concrete or expanded polystyrene concrete, which are materials of proven thermal and acoustic insulation capacity.
  • the block thus constituted, either in its basic form, of a panel formed by two plates of reinforced concrete with opposing projections, in its advanced version, with aluminum foil incorporated between projections, or in its variants with filling of concrete or foam masses.
  • Polyurethane in its inner half can be used with different sizes typified according to the type of construction to which it is intended. It can be used in the form of a small lightweight block, weighing less than 30 kg, as a light heavyweight prefabricated, weighing normally less than 500 kg, or even as a heavy prefabricated, weighing more than 500 kg.
  • a system for assembling the reinforced concrete blocks developed in the construction of enclosures, based on an anchoring device with flanges on both sides of its ends that allow the coupling between adjacent blocks, is also presented as of own invention.
  • the blocks of invention In the prefabricated construction of walls and walls with watertight air chamber, or in a ventilated version, using the blocks of invention, the blocks are placed and assembled positioned laterally, seated on two parallel profiles of their lateral concrete plates.
  • said anchoring device between blocks is constituted by a steel plate or truss of rectangular shape of equal length to that of the two parallel profiles of each block that remain in vertical position once seated, and variable width between that existing between external and internal sides of the side concrete plates, which is provided on both sides of its ends with at least three pairs of facing flanges, bent at 90 ° in the opposite direction in each pair at a distance between them equal to that between the pairs.
  • the technical advantage provided by the block of invention in the prefabricated construction of enclosures, by the system also new provided for that purpose, is the combination of outstanding mechanical characteristics, which make possible its use in any type of wall or wall, even as a structural block , with a high insulating capacity compared to the different physical factors of the external environment: temperature, noise, and even, in the block variant with integrated reflective sheet, moisture by condensation and radiations, both of electromagnetic type, gamma rays from antennas, mobile phones, etc., such as those coming from gases and radioactive elements, such as radon gas, all of which can end up being very harmful to health.
  • the block offers a high capacity of thermal and acoustic insulation in the buildings in which it is used. Due to the large hollow space between its two plates with projections, it can be used in the construction of walls and facades with watertight air chamber, or in a ventilated version, if air bridges are provided in the coupling points between blocks, with a large amount of air accumulated inside, which makes it an excellent insulator against heat, cold and noise; This capacity can be accentuated by using the block with an internal coating of projected polyurethane foam.
  • the thermal and acoustic insulation capacity of the block is also increased by replacing the aforementioned aluminum inner sheet by filling of cellular concrete masses, expanded perlite concrete or expanded polystyrene concrete, which are the three types chosen for their thermal insulating properties.
  • cellular concrete masses expanded perlite concrete or expanded polystyrene concrete, which are the three types chosen for their thermal insulating properties.
  • perlite-expanded concrete known binder in lightweight concrete as an insulator of heat and sound
  • expanded polystyrene concrete they obtain by mixing cement, sand, water and pre-expanded polystyrene beads or expanded expanded polystyrene, which provide excellent thermal insulation, in addition to poor moisture absorption.
  • the present invention is of such a magnitude that using only these modular blocks, without the need of important finishing works, it is possible to build a diversity of buildings with the best guarantees of thermal, acoustic, moisture insulation and, where appropriate , against the radiations and harmful energies produced by the great variety of electronic devices present in everyday life and natural radioactive sources. It has never been so easy and economical to build such a comfortable, safe and healthy building.
  • Figure 1 is a perspective view of the block in its simplest version, that is, two equal plates of Reinforced concrete with projections fixed by the bases of the projections.
  • Figure 2 is a perspective view of the block with integrated aluminum sheet, which is the previous block in advanced insulation version, where the sheet is fixed between the bases of the projections of the two plates.
  • Figure 3 is a cross-sectional view through the area of projections of the block with an integrated aluminum plate above.
  • Figure 4 is a cross-sectional view through the region of projections of a block in which the metal plate is replaced by a filling of thermally insulating concrete mass, for example cellular concrete, in one of its two inner halves.
  • Figure 5 is a perspective view of the anchoring device used for the coupling of adjacent blocks in the prefabricated construction of enclosures.
  • Figure 6 shows a cross-sectional view of two blocks with metal foil assembled by means of said anchoring device.
  • the reinforced concrete block consists of two equal plates (1) of concrete with frustoconical projections (2) joined by the base of these projections, and with steel reinforcement (3) integrated in its lateral sides.
  • aluminum sheet (4) or reflective metal of similar properties, and in any case the block could carry a polyurethane foam coating projected by the interior (5) of one or both of its component plates.
  • the block can also be marketed, instead of with reflective metal sheet, with filling (6) of thermo-insulating concrete mass or polyurethane foam in the space between the projections of one of the component plates, the one destined to remain inside the block. the facade object of construction.
  • the anchoring device shown in FIG. 5 is used, constituted by a rectangular steel plate or truss (7) provided on both sides of its walls. ends of at least three pairs of flanges (8) faced.
  • the block must be manufactured in the factory or elsewhere close to the work, then proceed to assembly in the modular construction in question.
  • the manufacturing process is carried out in a similar way to that of any concrete block, using metal molds where the mixture of cement, sand, stone aggregates and additives components of the mass is poured.
  • the pieces can be manufactured in different densities and with different chemical additives, depending on the specific applications to which they are intended.
  • said manufacturing process is applied to the manufacture of reinforced concrete plates with truncated conical components of the block, which are manufactured separately, in molds of suitable shape and dimensions where the steel reinforcement is first placed and then The mixture is poured for the concrete mass.
  • these reinforced concrete plates are manufactured, which in their case can be covered by the side of frustoconical projections with projected polyurethane foam, each block is formed by facing and gluing two plates by the bases of their projections, for which a resin or epoxy adhesive specific for concrete.
  • the block is presented with integrated aluminum or metal foil or membrane, this, previously cut in half, should be placed between opposing plates and proceed to the gluing of the same through it, using a resin or glue for it Specific epoxy for concrete-metal.
  • the block provides an internal coating of projected polyurethane foam, it must be applied before the overlapping of the plates. Also, if the block is presented, instead of an integrated metal sheet, saturated in its middle with a mass of thermally insulating concrete or polyurethane foam, that is, filling the space between projections of one of its component plates, the one destined to remain at the interior of the facade object of construction, this filling is applied during the manufacturing process of the mold plate, so that the block is formed by overlapping a plate without filling with another with filling.
  • the assembly of the blocks can be done with cranes or manually, according to their dimensions, which as seen can be variable within a normalized range.
  • the assembly of the blocks which must be laterally positioned in the construction plane of the wall or wall, seated on two parallel profiles of their side concrete plates (1), is done by the system specifically designed for the structure thereof, using the anchoring device between contiguous blocks described, constituted by a rectangular steel plate or truss.
  • the securing of the modular structure formed by the blocks thus coupled can be achieved with mortars or bonding mastics covering the interstices between blocks, even in certain cases, by welding the anchor plate with the ends of the steel reinforcements left, with this purpose, protruding from the outer plates of each block.
  • the walls and walls of buildings thus constructed, by blocks conveniently assembled as modular panels, can be left directly in view as a finishing material, or they can be presented according to different terminations, covered on one or both sides by any surface, synthetic or mineral, according to the use that is destined.
  • a façade of these prefabricated concrete modules, with a sealed air chamber or a ventilated chamber, and an internal lining of a hollow ceramic brick or laminated gypsum board, or consisting of a plaster, plastering or tiling are the most usual building possibilities.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Building Environments (AREA)

Abstract

Integral reinforced-concrete insulation block, constituted by two symmetrical rectangular concrete slabs (1) with frustoconical projections (2) and steel reinforcement (3) incorporated on the planar side thereof, which slabs are connected together by the bases of the projections thereof by means of a specific epoxy adhesive or resin, and, between the projections of the two facing slabs, there may be a sheet (4) of aluminium or another, reflecting/sealing metal, or a filler (6) of heat-insulating concrete or polyurethane foam may be included between projections of one of the slabs, i.e. that intended to be on the building interior side. This block, suitably assembled with contiguous blocks by means of a novel anchoring device, allows the prefabricated construction of exterior and interior walls made from concrete, with an air space, a high level of mechanical strength and an insulating capability vis-à-vis temperature, noise and, with the inclusion of the metallic sheet, condensation moisture and radiation.

Description

DESCRIPCION  DESCRIPTION
Bloque de hormigón armado de aislamiento integral y sistema de ensamblaje en obras de muros. Reinforced concrete block with integral insulation and assembly system in wall works.
5 5
El objeto de la presente invención es un bloque de hormigón armado con hueco interior, con unas características técnicas de estructura y componentes que le confieren una alta resistencia mecánica y unas0 cualidades de aislamiento integral hasta ahora no conseguidas en las obras de construcción prefabricada a que se destina, siendo también de invención el sistema de ensamblaje utilizado entre bloques contiguos, basado en un dispositivo de anclaje diseñado en función del perfil5 modular del bloque.  The object of the present invention is a reinforced concrete block with an internal hollow, with technical characteristics of structure and components that give it a high mechanical strength and some qualities of integral insulation hitherto not achieved in the prefabricated construction works referred to above. The invention also relates to the assembly system used between contiguous blocks, based on an anchoring device designed according to the modular profile of the block.
En esencia, dicho prefabricado está constituido por dos placas simétricas de hormigón armado con resaltes troncocónicos por uno de sus lados, íntimamente unidas por0 la base de los mismos. En una realización avanzada, esta estructura incluye entre las dos placas componentes una lámina de aluminio u otro material metálico con propiedades reflectantes e impermeabilizantes, o bien puede sustituirse esta lámina por un relleno de masa de5 hormigón termoaislante, por ejemplo hormigón celular, espumas de poliuretano o productos similares en el espacio comprendido entre los resaltes de la placa destinada a quedar por el interior del muro o pared del edificio. 0 Se consigue así un bloque a modo de panel modular de hormigón armado de alta resistencia mecánica y alta capacidad aislante, de montaje rápido y sencillo, y con la posibilidad de un acabado con los recubrimientos y revestimientos convencionales, o bien quedando como cerramiento cara vista, lo que le hace aplicable en todo tipo de construcciones prefabricadas de paramentos y fachadas. Además, en su variante de bloque con lámina de aluminio integrada, que crea una barrera antivapor y radiante, minimiza los problemas derivados de humedades por condensación y ofrece una solución a aquellas edificaciones que requieran de protección en su interior frente a las radiaciones electromagnéticas, caso de los rayos gamma de antenas, telefonía móvil, etc., o las radiaciones causadas por gases o elementos radiactivos, como el gas radón. In essence, said prefabricated is constituted by two symmetrical plates of reinforced concrete with frustoconical projections on one of its sides, intimately joined by the base of the same. In an advanced embodiment, this structure includes between the two component plates a sheet of aluminum or other metallic material with reflective and waterproofing properties, or this sheet can be replaced by a mass filling of thermally insulating concrete, for example, aerated concrete, polyurethane foams or similar products in the space between the projections of the plate destined to be inside the wall or wall of the building. 0 A block is thus achieved as a modular panel of reinforced concrete with high mechanical strength and high insulating capacity, quick and easy assembly, and with the possibility of finishing with the coatings and conventional coatings, or being as a closed face, which makes it applicable in all types of prefabricated buildings of walls and facades. In addition, in its variant of block with integrated aluminum foil, which creates a vapor barrier and radiant, minimizes the problems arising from dampness by condensation and offers a solution to those buildings that require protection inside electromagnetic radiation, case of gamma rays of antennas, mobile telephony, etc., or radiation caused by gases or radioactive elements, such as radon gas.
El campo técnico de la invención es el de los materiales y elementos constructivos, en particular el de los prefabricados de hormigón en forma de bloques o cualquier otra para la construcción de partes de edificios, como suelos, paredes, techos y cubiertas. ESTADO DE LA TÉCNICA. - The technical field of the invention is that of the materials and construction elements, in particular that of prefabricated concrete in the form of blocks or any other for the construction of parts of buildings, such as floors, walls, ceilings and roofs. STATE OF THE ART. -
Es ampliamente conocida una extensa variedad de realizaciones de construcciones prefabricadas de diseño modular, que se encuentra cada vez más extendida en el ámbito de la construcción residencial, civil e industrial. It is widely known an extensive variety of prefabricated constructions of modular design, which is increasingly widespread in the field of residential, civil and industrial construction.
Básicamente, este tipo de construcción modular consiste en el acoplamiento de piezas y productos prefabricados de hormigón de diferentes características para crear distintos tipos de elementos constructivos: cerramientos, forjados, fechadas con cámara de aire interior, etc. En el Catálogo de Elementos Constructivos del CTE (Código Técnico de la Edificación) se recogen los hormigones para piezas y productos prefabricados, entre los que se encuentran el hormigón convencional, hormigón con arcilla expandida o el hormigón celular, asi como los propios prefabricados para las diferentes aplicaciones constructivas, como es el caso de las bovedillas y casetones de hormigón, los bloques y ladrillos de hormigón, y las tejas de hormigón. Basically, this type of modular construction consists of the coupling of pieces and prefabricated concrete products of different characteristics to create different types of construction elements: enclosures, slabs, dated with inner air chamber, etc. The Constructive Elements Catalog of the CTE (Technical Building Code) collects the concretes for prefabricated pieces and products, among which are the conventional concrete, concrete with expanded clay or cellular concrete, as well as the prefabricated ones for the different construction applications, such as concrete slabs and bricks, concrete blocks and bricks, and concrete tiles.
Dentro de los bloques o ladrillos prefabricados de hormigón, que son los destinados a la construcción de fachadas y paramentos, el CTE distingue entre bloque de hormigón convencional, bloque de hormigón aligerado hueco o macizo, dependiendo de que el porcentaje de huecos sea mayor o menor del 15% respectivamente, bloque de picón, y ladrillo de hormigón perforado o macizo, considerándose como ladrillo perforado el que tiene un porcentaje de huecos entre un 25-50%. Within the blocks or prefabricated concrete bricks, which are those intended for the construction of facades and walls, the CTE distinguishes between conventional concrete block, hollow or solid lightened concrete block, depending on whether the percentage of holes is greater or lesser of 15% respectively, block of pebbles, and perforated or solid concrete brick, considering as perforated brick the one that has a percentage of holes between 25-50%.
Entre todos ellos, los más utilizados en dicho tipo de construcciones por ser ligeros y con buena capacidad aislante son los bloques de hormigón aligerado huecos, también conocidos como bloques de hormigón alveolar, y los ladrillos de hormigón perforados. Estos bloques tienen forma prismática, con dimensiones normalizadas, y se presentan en una gran variedad de modelos, según el número y formas geométricas de sus cavidades. Su utilización permite aumentar el rendimiento en los procesos de construcción consiguiéndose acabados de superficies que pueden quedar vistos en locales o naves o, si se prefiere, pueden ser complementados exterior y/o interiormente con acabados de pintura, enlucidos con yeso o material de fábrica, en función de las características de calidad que se quiera dar al edificio. Among all of them, the most used in this type of constructions for being lightweight and with good insulating capacity are the lightweight hollow concrete blocks, also known as alveolar concrete blocks, and the perforated concrete bricks. These blocks have a prismatic shape, with normalized dimensions, and are presented in a great variety of models, according to the number and geometrical shapes of their cavities. Its use allows to increase the performance in the construction processes, getting finished surfaces that can be seen in premises or warehouses or, if preferred, they can be complemented externally and / or internally with paint finishes, plaster or plaster material. factory, depending on the quality characteristics that you want to give the building.
Sin embargo, estos bloques y ladrillos de hormigón perforados no son apropiados para muros de carga, eligiéndose para la construcción prefabricada de los mismos bloques de hormigón macizos o placas de hormigón armado, como la placa contemplada en la patente española con número de publicación ES2070047R, cuya unión se viene realizando mediante soldadura eléctrica, y en lo referente al aislamiento, dichos prefabricados tampoco están preparados para actuar como barrera antivapor, para evitar las humedades por condensación, ni como barreras radiantes, para neutralizar la cada vez más abundantes radiaciones del medio exterior. However, these blocks and perforated concrete bricks are not suitable for load-bearing walls, being chosen for the prefabricated construction of the same solid concrete blocks or reinforced concrete plates, such as the plate contemplated in the Spanish patent with publication number ES2070047R, whose union is carried out by electrical welding, and in relation to insulation, said prefabricated are not prepared to act as a barrier against vapor, to avoid humidity by condensation, or as radiant barriers, to neutralize the increasingly abundant radiation of the external environment .
El prefabricado de hormigón desarrollado cubre las carencias de este tipo de módulos estructurales habitualmente utilizados en la construcción de fachadas y paramentos, mejorando la capacidad aislante e insonorizante propia de los mismos. Además, es un producto económico, y de fácil montaje gracias al dispositivo de anclaje creado el efecto. Como ya se ha comentado, el referido producto constructivo consiste en un bloque de hormigón armado hueco con un novedoso diseño estructural de dos placas simétricas enfrentadas con armadura lateral integrada y resaltes troncocónicos interiores, que le dota de capacidad portante sin menoscabo de una capacidad aislante e insonorizante consecuencia de la gran cámara de aire creada entre los resaltes internos, que puede verse mejorada en variantes del bloque que incluyen rellenos de masas de hormigón celular u otro de características termoaislantes como espumas de poliuretano o similares, o ampliada en la versión del bloque más innovadora, con lámina de aluminio o metal similar incorporada entre las dos placas, para actúa de barrar antivapor y radiante. The prefabricated concrete developed covers the deficiencies of this type of structural modules usually used in the construction of facades and walls, improving the insulating and soundproofing capacity of them. In addition, it is an economical product, and easy to assemble thanks to the anchoring device created the effect. As already mentioned, the referred construction product consists of a block of hollow reinforced concrete with a novel structural design of two symmetrical plates facing with integrated lateral reinforcement and interior truncated conical protruding, which gives it carrying capacity without impairing an insulating capacity and soundproofing consequence of the large air chamber created between the internal projections, which can be improved in variants of the block that include fillings of masses of aerated concrete or another of thermo-insulating characteristics such as polyurethane foams or similar, or expanded in the most innovative block version, with aluminum or similar metal sheet incorporated between the two plates, to act as an anti-vapor and radiant barrier.
No se conoce hasta ahora un elemento constructivo en forma de bloque o panel modular con una estructura similar al de invención, o que incluya una lámina de aluminio o metálica a modo de barrera. It is not known until now a constructive element in the form of a block or modular panel with a structure similar to that of the invention, or which includes an aluminum or metal sheet as a barrier.
Una búsqueda realizada a la base de datos Espacenet, que recoge patentes y solicitudes de patentes publicadas en más de 90 países, incluso patentes europeas y solicitudes PCT, revela la inexistencia a nivel mundial de documentos de patentes que anticipen cualquier prefabricado de hormigón con lámina de aluminio incorporada a modo de barrera aislante, y de búsquedas en bases de datos nacionales, como la base de datos Invenes de la OEPM, tampoco se desprende la existencia de una estructura de hormigón similar a la aquí presentada, todo lo cual confirma que el bloque de hormigón armado preconizado es una invención merecedora del derecho de patente . A search made of the Espacenet database, which includes patents and patent applications published in more than 90 countries, including European patents and PCT applications, reveals the worldwide lack of patent documents that anticipate any prefabricated concrete with foil. Aluminum built as an insulating barrier, and searches in national databases, such as the OMPM's Invenes database, does not reveal the existence of a concrete structure similar to the one presented here, all of which confirms that the block reinforced concrete is an invention worthy of the patent right.
COMPENDIO DE LA INVENCIÓN. - COMPENDIUM OF THE INVENTION. -
Profundizando en la exposición de la invención, se puede decir que ésta consiste en un bloque de hormigón armado con hueco interior, con un diseño y componentes en base a varias terminaciones que añaden a su función puramente estructural, de resistencia mecánica, una función de aislamiento integral en los muros y fachadas con cámara de aire de la diversidad de construcciones prefabricadas en las que encuentra aplicación, bien sean muros con cámara de aire estanco, o en versión ventilada, en tanto que una vez correctamente instalado a través de la especifica técnica desarrollada al efecto, actúa como aislante térmico, acústico, frente a la humedad, y en su variante de bloque con placa de aluminio integrada, también como barrera antivapor y barrera radiante. Concretamente se trata de un mampuesto prefabricado hueco de hormigón, que como todo esta clase de estructuras modulares está elaborado normalmente con hormigones finos o morteros de cemento, y con unas dimensiones predefinidas, catalogables , según el tipo de muro o pared objeto de construcción, esencialmente caracterizado por una estructura formada por dos placas rectangulares simétricas de hormigón con resaltes troncocónicos y armadura de acero integrada por su lado plano, unidas entre si por las bases de sus resaltes mediante una resina o pegamento epoxi especifico para hormigón. Deepening the exhibition of the invention, it can be said that it consists of a block of reinforced concrete with an interior hollow, with a design and components based on several terminations that add to its purely structural function, mechanical resistance, an isolation function integral in the walls and facades with air chamber of the diversity of prefabricated buildings in which it finds application, whether walls with a sealed air chamber, or in ventilated version, while once properly installed through the specific technique developed for this purpose, acts as an insulator thermal, acoustic, against humidity, and in its block version with integrated aluminum plate, also as a vapor barrier and radiant barrier. Concretely, it is a prefabricated hollow concrete masonry, which, like all this kind of modular structures, is normally made with fine concretes or cement mortars, and with predefined, catalogable dimensions, depending on the type of wall or wall being built, essentially characterized by a structure formed by two rectangular symmetrical plates of concrete with frustoconical projections and steel reinforcement integrated by its flat side, joined together by the bases of its projections by means of a resin or specific epoxy glue for concrete.
En una versión avanzada, para edificaciones con altas exigencias aislantes, especialmente en lo referido a radiaciones electromagnéticas (rayos gamma) o gas radón, el bloque lleva incorporado una lámina o membrana metálica entre los resaltes troncocónicos de las dos placas enfrentadas, paralela a sus lados laterales, de modo que ambas placas constituyentes quedan unidas entre si a través de dicha lámina o membrana mediante una resina o pegamento epoxi especifico en este caso para hormigón- metal . Dicha lámina o membrana metálica interna es idealmente de aluminio, pero también puede ser de titanio- acero inoxidable, u otros metales o aleaciones con capacidad reflectante e impermeabilizante. In an advanced version, for buildings with high insulation requirements, especially with regard to electromagnetic radiation (gamma rays) or radon gas, the block has a metal sheet or membrane incorporated between the frustoconical projections of the two opposing plates, parallel to its sides lateral, so that both constituent plates are joined together through said sheet or membrane by a specific resin or epoxy glue in this case for concrete-metal. Said inner metal sheet or membrane is ideally made of aluminum, but can also be made of titanium-stainless steel, or other metals or alloys with a reflective and waterproofing capacity.
El bloque de hormigón en sus dos variantes anteriores, con o sin placa de aluminio incorporada, puede llevar un recubrimiento de espuma de poliuretano proyectado por la superficie interna de una o las dos placas enfrentadas, lo que le confiere un mayor grado de aislamiento térmico y acústico. The concrete block in its two previous variants, with or without an incorporated aluminum plate, can have a polyurethane foam coating projected by the internal surface of one or both facing plates, which gives it a higher degree of thermal insulation and acoustic.
También puede presentarse con otras ventajosas variantes, sustituyendo la placa o membrana metálica por un relleno de cualquier masa de hormigón termoaislente, es decir, un hormigón liviano con propiedades aislantes del calor y también del sonido, o bien espuma de poliuretano o similar, en el espacio comprendido entre los resaltes troncocónicos de una de las placas enfrentadas, la destinada a quedar por el interior del muro o pared del edificio objeto de construcción, mejorándose además asi su resistencia y capacidad impermeabilizante. En particular, dicho relleno de la mitad interna del bloque puede ser de hormigón celular, hormigón de perlita expandida u hormigón de poliextireno expandido, que son materiales de contrastada capacidad de aislamiento térmico y acústico. It can also be presented with other advantageous variants, replacing the metal plate or membrane with a filling of any mass of thermally insulating concrete, that is to say, a lightweight concrete with properties insulating from heat and also sound, or polyurethane foam or the like, in the space included between the frustoconical projections of one of the opposing plates, the one destined to remain inside the wall or wall of the building object of construction, thus improving its resistance and waterproofing capacity. In particular, said filling of the inner half of the block can be cellular concrete, expanded perlite concrete or expanded polystyrene concrete, which are materials of proven thermal and acoustic insulation capacity.
El bloque asi constituido, bien en su forma básica, de panel formado por dos placas de hormigón armado con resaltes enfrentados, en su versión avanzada, con lámina de aluminio incorporada entre resaltes, o en sus variantes con relleno de masas de hormigón o espuma de poliuretano en su mitad interior, puede utilizarse con diferentes tamaños tipificados en función del tipo de construcción a que se destine. Puede utilizarse en forma de un pequeño bloque ligero, de peso inferior a los 30 kg, como un prefabricado semipesado, de peso inferior normalmente a los 500 kg, o incluso como un prefabricado pesado, superior a los 500 kg. The block thus constituted, either in its basic form, of a panel formed by two plates of reinforced concrete with opposing projections, in its advanced version, with aluminum foil incorporated between projections, or in its variants with filling of concrete or foam masses. Polyurethane in its inner half, can be used with different sizes typified according to the type of construction to which it is intended. It can be used in the form of a small lightweight block, weighing less than 30 kg, as a light heavyweight prefabricated, weighing normally less than 500 kg, or even as a heavy prefabricated, weighing more than 500 kg.
Se presenta también como de propia invención un sistema de montaje de los bloques de hormigón armado desarrollados en la construcción de cerramientos, basado en un dispositivo de anclaje con pestañas a ambos lados de sus extremos que permiten el acoplamiento entre bloques contiguos . En las obras de construcción prefabricada de muros y paredes con cámara de aire estanco, o en versión ventilada, utilizando los bloques de invención, los bloques se van colocando y ensamblando posicionados lateralmente, asentados sobre dos perfiles paralelos de sus placas de hormigón laterales. Pues bien, dicho dispositivo de anclaje entre bloques está constituido por una placa o cercha de acero de forma rectangular de longitud igual a la de los dos perfiles paralelos de cada bloque que quedan en posición vertical una vez asentados, y anchura variable entre la existente entre lados externos e internos de las placas de hormigón laterales, que está provista en ambos lados de sus extremos de al menos tres pares de pestañas enfrentadas, dobladas a 90° en sentido opuesto en cada par a una distancia entre ellas igual a la existente entre los lados internos de las placas de hormigón laterales de cada bloque, de tal manera que dos bloques contiguos queda fijados a través la placa de anclaje mediante la inserción de las pestañas salientes de uno de los lados por la parte interna de las dos placas paralelas de hormigón de uno de los bloques, y la inserción de las pestañas salientes del lado opuesto por la parte interna de las dos placas paralelas de hormigón del bloque adyacente. A system for assembling the reinforced concrete blocks developed in the construction of enclosures, based on an anchoring device with flanges on both sides of its ends that allow the coupling between adjacent blocks, is also presented as of own invention. In the prefabricated construction of walls and walls with watertight air chamber, or in a ventilated version, using the blocks of invention, the blocks are placed and assembled positioned laterally, seated on two parallel profiles of their lateral concrete plates. Well, said anchoring device between blocks is constituted by a steel plate or truss of rectangular shape of equal length to that of the two parallel profiles of each block that remain in vertical position once seated, and variable width between that existing between external and internal sides of the side concrete plates, which is provided on both sides of its ends with at least three pairs of facing flanges, bent at 90 ° in the opposite direction in each pair at a distance between them equal to that between the pairs. internal sides of the side concrete plates of each block, in such a way that two contiguous blocks are fixed through the anchor plate by inserting the protruding flanges of one of the sides by the internal part of the two parallel concrete plates of one of the blocks, and the insertion of the protruding flanges of the opposite side by the internal part of the two parallel concrete plates of the adjacent block.
La ventaja técnica que aporta el bloque de invención en la construcción prefabricada de cerramientos, por el sistema también novedoso previsto al efecto, es la combinación de unas sobresalientes características mecánicas, que posibilitan su utilización en cualquier tipo de muro o paramento, incluso como bloque estructural, con una alta capacidad aislante frente a los diferentes factores físicos del medio exterior: la temperatura, el ruido, e incluso, en la variante de bloque con lámina reflectante integrada, la humedad por condensación y las radiaciones, tanto de tipo electromagnético, caso de los rayos gamma de antenas, teléfonos móviles, etc., como las provenientes de gases y elementos radiactivos, como el gas radón, todas las cuales pueden terminar siendo muy nocivas para la salud. The technical advantage provided by the block of invention in the prefabricated construction of enclosures, by the system also new provided for that purpose, is the combination of outstanding mechanical characteristics, which make possible its use in any type of wall or wall, even as a structural block , with a high insulating capacity compared to the different physical factors of the external environment: temperature, noise, and even, in the block variant with integrated reflective sheet, moisture by condensation and radiations, both of electromagnetic type, gamma rays from antennas, mobile phones, etc., such as those coming from gases and radioactive elements, such as radon gas, all of which can end up being very harmful to health.
La singular estructura del bloque conformada por dos placas macizas de hormigón armado con resaltes troncocónicos solapadas por las bases de los mismos, le confiere una alta resistencia mecánica, tanto a esfuerzos de compresión, característica propia del hormigón, pero que en este caso se ve mejorada por la disposición de dichos resaltes macizos por los lados internos de las placas, como frente a otros tipos de esfuerzos, de tracción, flexión, cortante, etc., debido a la armadura de acero integrada en los lados externos de las placas, comportándose el conjunto muy favorablemente ante las diversas solicitaciones. Debido a ello el bloque pueda ser empleado sin problema en la construcción de muros con funciones estructurales, cuando deban soportar forjados superiores . The singular structure of the block formed by two solid plates of reinforced concrete with frustoconical projections overlapped by the bases thereof, gives it a high mechanical resistance, both to compression efforts, characteristic of concrete, but which in this case is improved by the arrangement of said solid projections on the internal sides of the plates, as compared to other types of stress, tensile, bending, shear, etc., due to the steel reinforcement integrated in the outer sides of the plates, the set very favorably before the various requests. Due to this, the block can be used without problems in the construction of walls with structural functions, when they must support upper floors.
En cualquier caso, el bloque ofrece una alta capacidad de aislante térmico y acústico en las construcciones en las que se utiliza. Debido al gran espacio hueco entre sus dos placas con resaltes, puede ser utilizado en la construcción de muros y fachadas con cámara de aire estanco, o en versión ventilada, si se prevén puentes de aire en los puntos de acoplamiento entre bloques, con una gran cantidad de aire acumulada en su interior, lo que le convierte en un excelente aislante frente al calor, el frío y el ruido; capacidad esta que puede acentuarse utilizando el bloque con un recubrimiento interno de espuma de poliuretano proyectado. In any case, the block offers a high capacity of thermal and acoustic insulation in the buildings in which it is used. Due to the large hollow space between its two plates with projections, it can be used in the construction of walls and facades with watertight air chamber, or in a ventilated version, if air bridges are provided in the coupling points between blocks, with a large amount of air accumulated inside, which makes it an excellent insulator against heat, cold and noise; This capacity can be accentuated by using the block with an internal coating of projected polyurethane foam.
En la versión avanzada de bloque con lámina o membrana metálica integrada se refuerza dicha capacidad de aislante término y acústico, y se le dota de una capacidad aislante adicional frete a la humedad por condensación y frente a las radiaciones electromagnéticas. Una lámina de aluminio, aleación de titanio-acero inoxidable, u otro metal o aleación de características similares, en cuanto a ligereza, resistencia a la corrosión, impermeabilidad y alta capacidad reflectante, insertada entre las dos placas de hormigón armado componentes del bloque, crea: In the advanced version of block with sheet or integrated metal membrane, this capacity of term and acoustic insulation is reinforced, and it is endowed with an additional insulating capacity against humidity due to condensation and against electromagnetic radiation. An aluminum foil, titanium-stainless steel alloy, or other metal or alloy with similar characteristics, in terms of lightness, corrosion resistance, impermeability and high reflective capacity, inserted between the two reinforced concrete plates of the block, creates :
- un espacio interior compartimentado en dos cámaras que mejoran su comportamiento insonorizante; - una barrera antivapor que evita humedades por condensación, por lo que en esta versión también presenta un comportamiento impermeabilizante; y - una barrera radiante, tanto frente a la transferencia de calor por radiación, que mejora su capacidad de aislante térmico, como frente a las radiaciones de diferente naturaleza y procedencia, en particular las radiaciones electromagnéticas, los rayos gamma de teléfonos, antenas, etc., a los que algunas personas son susceptibles y terminan afectadas en la salud al cabo de los años si durante la mayor parte de su tiempo no están protegidas, y las originadas por metales y elementos radiactivos, como las emanaciones de gas radón que se dan en ciertos tipos de terreno y que también son muy peligrosas para la salud de cualquier persona. - an interior space divided into two chambers that improve its soundproofing behavior; - an anti-vapor barrier that prevents moisture from condensation, so in this version it also has a waterproofing behavior; and - a radiant barrier, both against heat transfer by radiation, which improves its thermal insulation capacity, and against radiation of different nature and origin, in particular electromagnetic radiation, gamma rays of telephones, antennas, etc. ., to which some people are susceptible and end up affected in health over the years if for most of their time they are not protected, and those caused by metals and radioactive elements, such as the radon gas emanations that are given in certain types of terrain and that are also very dangerous for the health of any person.
La capacidad de aislamiento térmico y acústico del bloque también se ve incrementada sustituyendo la referida lámina interna de aluminio por relleno de masas de hormigón celular, hormigón de perlita expandida u hormigón de poliextireno expandido, que son los tres tipos elegidos por sus propiedades termoaislantes . Una de las ventajas más destacables del hormigón celular, además de su ligereza y características ignífugas, es su poder de aislamiento térmico y acústico, por lo que es ideal como relleno del bloque en cuestión, donde la resistencia mecánica ya viene conferida por sus placas de hormigón armado. Igual ocurre con el hormigón de perlita-expandida, conocido aglomerante en el hormigón ligero como aislante del calor y del sonido, y con los hormigones de poliestireno expandido, obtienen mezclando cemento, arena, agua y perlitas de poliestireno pre- expandidas o poliestireno expandido molido, que aportan un excelente aislamiento térmico, además de escasa absorción de humedad. The thermal and acoustic insulation capacity of the block is also increased by replacing the aforementioned aluminum inner sheet by filling of cellular concrete masses, expanded perlite concrete or expanded polystyrene concrete, which are the three types chosen for their thermal insulating properties. One of the most notable advantages of cellular concrete, in addition to its lightness and fireproof characteristics, is its power of thermal and acoustic insulation, which is why it is ideal as a filling for the block in question, where the mechanical resistance is already conferred by its plates. reinforced concrete. The same happens with perlite-expanded concrete, known binder in lightweight concrete as an insulator of heat and sound, and with expanded polystyrene concrete, they obtain by mixing cement, sand, water and pre-expanded polystyrene beads or expanded expanded polystyrene, which provide excellent thermal insulation, in addition to poor moisture absorption.
Por otro lado, el sistema de ensamblaje de bloques contiguos en la construcción modular de cerramientos, mediante el dispositivo de anclaje diseñado en función de la geometría de su estructura, supone un montaje rápido y seguro, lo que también es una ventaja considerable. On the other hand, the system of assembly of contiguous blocks in the modular construction of enclosures, by means of the anchoring device designed according to the geometry of its structure, supposes a fast and safe assembly, which is also a considerable advantage.
En definitiva, el presente invento es de tal magnitud, que utilizando únicamente estos bloques modulares, sin necesidad de importantes obras de acabado, se pueden construir diversidad de edificaciones con las mayores garantías de aislamiento térmico, acústico, contra la humedad y, en su caso, contra las radiaciones y energías nocivas producidas por la gran variedad de dispositivos electrónicos presentes en la vida cotidiana y fuentes naturales radiactivas. Nunca ha sido tan fácil y económico construir una edificación tan confortable, segura y saludable. In short, the present invention is of such a magnitude that using only these modular blocks, without the need of important finishing works, it is possible to build a diversity of buildings with the best guarantees of thermal, acoustic, moisture insulation and, where appropriate , against the radiations and harmful energies produced by the great variety of electronic devices present in everyday life and natural radioactive sources. It has never been so easy and economical to build such a comfortable, safe and healthy building.
Planos y dibujos. - Drawings and drawings. -
Al final de la presente memoria descriptiva se incluyen las siguientes figuras para una mejor compresión de las características técnicas del bloque de hormigón armando desarrollado, y del sistema con el que se utiliza en la construcción prefabricada: At the end of the present specification, the following figures are included for a better understanding of the technical characteristics of the reinforced concrete block developed, and of the system with which it is used in the prefabricated construction:
La figura 1 es una vista en perspectiva del bloque en su versión más sencilla, es decir, dos placas iguales de hormigón armado con resaltes fijadas por la bases de los resaltes . Figure 1 is a perspective view of the block in its simplest version, that is, two equal plates of Reinforced concrete with projections fixed by the bases of the projections.
La figura 2 es una vista en perspectiva del bloque con lámina de aluminio integrada, que es el bloque anterior en versión de aislamiento avanzada, donde la lámina queda fijada entre las bases de los resaltes de las dos placas. La figura 3 es una vista en sección transversal por la zona de resaltes del bloque con placa de aluminio integrada anterior. Figure 2 is a perspective view of the block with integrated aluminum sheet, which is the previous block in advanced insulation version, where the sheet is fixed between the bases of the projections of the two plates. Figure 3 is a cross-sectional view through the area of projections of the block with an integrated aluminum plate above.
La figura 4 es una vista en sección transversal por la zona de resaltes de un bloque en el que la placa metálica es sustituida por un relleno de masa de hormigón termoaislante, por ejemplo hormigón celular, en una de sus dos mitades interiores. La figura 5 es una vista en perspectiva del dispositivo de anclaje utilizado para el acoplamiento de bloques adyacentes en la construcción prefabricada de cerramientos . Por último, la figura 6 muestra una vista en sección transversal del de dos bloques con lámina metálica ensamblados por medio de dicho dispositivo de anclaje. Figure 4 is a cross-sectional view through the region of projections of a block in which the metal plate is replaced by a filling of thermally insulating concrete mass, for example cellular concrete, in one of its two inner halves. Figure 5 is a perspective view of the anchoring device used for the coupling of adjacent blocks in the prefabricated construction of enclosures. Finally, Figure 6 shows a cross-sectional view of two blocks with metal foil assembled by means of said anchoring device.
MODO DE EJECUCIÓN. - EXECUTION MODE. -
Como puede verse en las anteriores figuras, el bloque de hormigón armado desarrollado consta de dos placas iguales (1) de hormigón con resaltes troncocónicos (2) unidas por la base de estos resaltes, y con armadura de acero (3) integrada en sus lados laterales. En una realización preferente, para crear la barrera antivapor y radiante, entre ambas placas se sitúa la lámina de aluminio (4), o metal reflectante de propiedades similares, y en cualquier caso el bloque pude llevar un recubrimiento de espuma de poliuretano proyectado por el interior (5) de una o las dos de sus placas componentes. El bloque puede comercializarse también, en lugar de con lámina metálica reflectante, con relleno (6) de masa de hormigón termoaislente o espuma de poliuretano en el espacio comprendido entre los resaltes de una de las placas componentes, la destinada a quedar por el interior de la fachada objeto de construcción. As it can be seen in the previous figures, the reinforced concrete block consists of two equal plates (1) of concrete with frustoconical projections (2) joined by the base of these projections, and with steel reinforcement (3) integrated in its lateral sides. In a preferred embodiment, to create the anti-vapor and radiant barrier, between the two plates is placed aluminum sheet (4), or reflective metal of similar properties, and in any case the block could carry a polyurethane foam coating projected by the interior (5) of one or both of its component plates. The block can also be marketed, instead of with reflective metal sheet, with filling (6) of thermo-insulating concrete mass or polyurethane foam in the space between the projections of one of the component plates, the one destined to remain inside the block. the facade object of construction.
En cualquiera de sus variantes, para el montaje y ensamblaje del bloque en la construcción de cerramientos se utiliza el dispositivo de anclaje representado en la figura 5, constituido por una placa o cercha de acero de forma rectangular (7) provista en ambos lados de sus extremos de al menos tres pares de pestañas (8) enfrentadas . Una vez repasadas estas características técnicas del bloque de hormigón en cuestión y de su sistema de ensamblaje, resulta fácil para un experto en el ámbito de los materiales y elementos constructivos poder llegar a su fabricación e instalación en obra. In any of its variants, for the assembly and assembly of the block in the construction of enclosures, the anchoring device shown in FIG. 5 is used, constituted by a rectangular steel plate or truss (7) provided on both sides of its walls. ends of at least three pairs of flanges (8) faced. Once these technical characteristics of the concrete block in question and its assembly system have been reviewed, it is easy for an expert in the field of materials and construction elements to be able to reach its construction and installation on site.
Como todo elemento prefabricado, el bloque debe ser manufacturado previamente en fábrica o en otro sitio cercano a la obra, para luego proceder al montaje en la construcción modular de que se trate. Like all prefabricated elements, the block must be manufactured in the factory or elsewhere close to the work, then proceed to assembly in the modular construction in question.
El proceso de fabricación se lleva a cabo de forma similar a la de cualquier bloque de hormigón, utilizando moldes metálicos donde se vierte la mezcla de cemento, arena, agregados pétreos y aditivos componentes de la masa. Las piezas pueden ser fabricadas en distintas densidades y con distintos aditivos químicos, según las aplicaciones concretas a las que estén destinados. The manufacturing process is carried out in a similar way to that of any concrete block, using metal molds where the mixture of cement, sand, stone aggregates and additives components of the mass is poured. The pieces can be manufactured in different densities and with different chemical additives, depending on the specific applications to which they are intended.
En este caso particular, dicho proceso de fabricación se aplica a la manufactura de las placas de hormigón armado con resaltes troncocónicos componentes del bloque, que son fabricadas por separado, en moldes de forma y dimensiones adecuadas donde primero se coloca la armadura de acero y luego se vierte la mezcla para la masa de hormigón . Una vez fabricadas estas placas de hormigón armado, que en su caso pueden ser recubiertas por el lado de resaltes troncocónicos con espuma de poliuretano proyectado, cada bloque se conforma enfrentando y pegando dos placas por las bases de sus resaltes, para lo cual se utiliza una resina o pegamento epoxi específico para hormigón. Ahora bien, si el bloque se presenta con lámina o membrana de aluminio o metálica integrada, ésta, previamente cortada a mediada, debe ser situada entre placas enfrentadas y proceder al pegado de las mismas a través de ella, utilizando para ello una resina o pegamento epoxi específico para hormigón-metal. Si el bloque prevé un recubrimiento interno de espuma de poliuretano proyectado, este debe ser aplicado antes del solape de las placas. Asimismo, si el bloque se presenta, en vez de con lámina metálica integrada, saturado en su mitad con masa de hormigón termoaislante o espuma de poliuretano, es decir, rellenando el espacio entre resaltes de una sus placas componentes, la destinada a quedar por el interior de la fachada objeto de construcción, este relleno se aplica durante el proceso de fabricación de la placa en molde, de modo que el bloque se conforma solapando una placa sin relleno con otra con relleno. Una vez fabricados los bloques en sus diferentes variantes, según el tipo de construcción en que deban aplicarse, quedan listos para su montaje en obra. In this particular case, said manufacturing process is applied to the manufacture of reinforced concrete plates with truncated conical components of the block, which are manufactured separately, in molds of suitable shape and dimensions where the steel reinforcement is first placed and then The mixture is poured for the concrete mass. Once these reinforced concrete plates are manufactured, which in their case can be covered by the side of frustoconical projections with projected polyurethane foam, each block is formed by facing and gluing two plates by the bases of their projections, for which a resin or epoxy adhesive specific for concrete. Now, if the block is presented with integrated aluminum or metal foil or membrane, this, previously cut in half, should be placed between opposing plates and proceed to the gluing of the same through it, using a resin or glue for it Specific epoxy for concrete-metal. If the block provides an internal coating of projected polyurethane foam, it must be applied before the overlapping of the plates. Also, if the block is presented, instead of an integrated metal sheet, saturated in its middle with a mass of thermally insulating concrete or polyurethane foam, that is, filling the space between projections of one of its component plates, the one destined to remain at the interior of the facade object of construction, this filling is applied during the manufacturing process of the mold plate, so that the block is formed by overlapping a plate without filling with another with filling. Once the blocks have been manufactured in their different variants, depending on the type of construction in which they are to be applied, they are ready for assembly on site.
El montaje de los bloques puede realizarse con grúas o en forma manual, según sus dimensiones, que como se ha visto pueden ser variables dentro de unos márgenes normalizados . The assembly of the blocks can be done with cranes or manually, according to their dimensions, which as seen can be variable within a normalized range.
El ensamblaje de los bloques, que deben estar lateralmente posicionados en el plano de construcción del muro o pared, asentados sobre dos perfiles paralelos de sus placas de hormigón laterales (1), se realiza por el sistema específicamente ideado para la estructura de los mismos, utilizando el dispositivo de anclaje entre bloques contiguos descrito, constituido por una placa o cercha de acero de forma rectangular. El aseguramiento de la estructura modular formada por los bloques así acoplados se puede conseguir con morteros o masillas de pegado cubriendo los intersticios entre bloques, incluso en determinados casos, por soldadura de la placa de anclaje con los extremos de las armaduras de acero dejadas, con este propósito, sobresaliendo de las placas externas de cada bloque. The assembly of the blocks, which must be laterally positioned in the construction plane of the wall or wall, seated on two parallel profiles of their side concrete plates (1), is done by the system specifically designed for the structure thereof, using the anchoring device between contiguous blocks described, constituted by a rectangular steel plate or truss. The securing of the modular structure formed by the blocks thus coupled can be achieved with mortars or bonding mastics covering the interstices between blocks, even in certain cases, by welding the anchor plate with the ends of the steel reinforcements left, with this purpose, protruding from the outer plates of each block.
Los muros y paredes de edificios así construidos, mediante bloques convenientemente ensamblados a modo de paneles modulares, pueden dejarse directamente a la vista como material de acabado, o pueden presentarse según diferentes terminaciones, recubiertos por una o ambas caras por cualquier capa superficial, sintética o mineral, según el uso que se destinen. Por ejemplo, una fachada de estos módulos prefabricados de hormigón, con cámara de aire estanco o cámara ventilada, y un revestimiento interior de fábrica de ladrillo cerámico hueco o placa de yeso laminado, o formado por un enlucido, un enfoscado o un alicatado, son las posibilidades más usuales de edificación . The walls and walls of buildings thus constructed, by blocks conveniently assembled as modular panels, can be left directly in view as a finishing material, or they can be presented according to different terminations, covered on one or both sides by any surface, synthetic or mineral, according to the use that is destined. For example, a façade of these prefabricated concrete modules, with a sealed air chamber or a ventilated chamber, and an internal lining of a hollow ceramic brick or laminated gypsum board, or consisting of a plaster, plastering or tiling, are the most usual building possibilities.

Claims

REIVINDICACIONES
1. Bloque de hormigón armado de aislamiento integral, del tipo de mampuesto prefabricado con hueco interior, elaborado con hormigones finos o morteros de cemento, y de dimensiones predefinidas según el tipo de muro o pared objeto de construcción, caracterizado esencialmente por una estructura formada por dos placas rectangulares simétricas de hormigón (1) con resaltes troncocónicos (2) y armadura de acero (3) integrada por su lado plano, unidas entre si por las bases de sus resaltes mediante una resina o pegamento epoxi especifico para hormigón. 1. Reinforced concrete block of integral insulation, of the type of prefabricated masonry with internal hollow, made with fine concretes or cement mortars, and of predefined dimensions according to the type of wall or wall object of construction, essentially characterized by a structure formed by two rectangular symmetrical plates of concrete (1) with frustoconical projections (2) and steel reinforcement (3) integrated by its flat side, joined together by the bases of its projections by means of a resin or specific epoxy glue for concrete.
2. Bloque de hormigón armado de aislamiento integral, según primera reivindicación, caracterizado por llevar incorporado una lámina o membrana metálica (4) entre los resaltes troncocónicos de las dos placas enfrentadas, paralela a sus lados laterales, de modo que ambas placas constituyentes del bloque quedan unidas entre si a través de dicha lámina o membrana mediante una resina o pegamento epoxi especifico para hormigón-metal. 2. Integral insulation reinforced concrete block, according to claim 1, characterized by having incorporated a sheet or metal membrane (4) between the frustoconical projections of the two facing plates, parallel to its lateral sides, so that both constituent plates of the block they are joined together through said sheet or membrane by means of a resin or epoxy adhesive specific for concrete-metal.
3. Bloque de hormigón armado de aislamiento integral, según segunda reivindicación, caracterizado porque el metal de la lámina o membrana interior (4) es aluminio o aleación de titanio-acero inoxidable. 3. Reinforced concrete block with integral insulation, according to claim 2, characterized in that the metal of the inner sheet or membrane (4) is aluminum or titanium-stainless steel alloy.
4. Bloque de hormigón armado de aislamiento integral, según tres primeras reivindicaciones, caracterizado por llevar incluido un recubrimiento de espuma de poliuretano proyectado por la superficie interna (5) de una o ambas placas enfrentadas. 4. Integral insulation reinforced concrete block, according to three first claims, characterized by having included a coating of polyurethane foam projected by the internal surface (5) of one or both facing plates.
5. Bloque de hormigón armado de aislamiento integral, según primera reivindicación, caracterizado por incluir un relleno (6) de masa de hormigón termoaislante o espuma de poliuretano en el espacio comprendido entre resaltes troncocónicos de una de las placas enfrentadas, la destinada a quedar por el interior del muro o pared del edificio objeto de construcción. 5. Integral insulation reinforced concrete block, according to claim 1, characterized by including a filling (6) of thermally insulating concrete or polyurethane foam in the space comprised between frustoconical projections of one of the opposing plates, the one destined to remain by the interior of the wall or wall of the building object of construction.
6. Bloque de hormigón armado de aislamiento integral, según quinta reivindicación, caracterizado porque el hormigón termoaislente de relleno de la mitad interior del bloque es hormigón celular, hormigón de perlita expandida u hormigón de poliextireno expandido. 6. Integral insulation reinforced concrete block, according to claim 5, characterized in that the thermo-insulating filling concrete of the inner half of the block is cellular concrete, expanded perlite concrete or expanded poly-expanded concrete.
7. Sistema de ensamblaje de bloques de hormigón armado de aislamiento integral, según reivindicaciones anteriores, en obras de construcción prefabricada de muros y paredes con cámara de aire estanco, o en versión ventilada, caracterizado por la utilización de un anclaje entre bloques contiguos lateralmente posicionados en la construcción del muro o pared, asentados sobre dos perfiles paralelos de sus placas de hormigón laterales (1), constituido por una placa o cercha de acero de forma rectangular (7) de longitud igual a la de los dos perfiles paralelos de cada bloque que quedan en posición vertical una vez asentados, y anchura variable entre la existente entre lados externos e internos de las placas de hormigón laterales, provista en ambos lados de sus extremos de al menos tres pares de pestañas (8) enfrentadas, dobladas a 90° en sentido opuesto en cada par a una distancia igual a la existente entre los lados internos de las placas de hormigón laterales de cada bloque, de tal manera que dos bloques contiguos queda fijados a través la placa de anclaje mediante la inserción de las pestañas salientes de uno de los lados por la parte interna de las dos placas paralelas de hormigón de uno de los bloques, y la inserción de las pestañas salientes del lado opuesto por la parte interna de las dos placas paralelas de hormigón del bloque adyacente. 7. Assembly system of reinforced concrete blocks of integral insulation, according to previous claims, in prefabricated construction of walls and walls with sealed air chamber, or ventilated version, characterized by the use of an anchorage between contiguous laterally positioned blocks in the construction of the wall or wall, seated on two parallel profiles of its lateral concrete plates (1), constituted by a rectangular steel plate or truss (7) of equal length to that of the two parallel profiles of each block which remain in vertical position once seated, and variable width between the existing between external and internal sides of the side concrete plates, provided on both sides of their ends with at least three pairs of flanges (8) faced, bent at 90 ° in opposite direction in each pair at a distance equal to that between the internal sides of the side concrete plates of each block, so that two contiguous blocks are fixed through the plate anchoring by inserting the protruding flanges on one side by the internal part of the two parallel concrete plates of one of the blocks, and the insertion of the protruding flanges on the opposite side by the internal part of the two parallel plates of concrete of the adjacent block.
PCT/ES2012/070687 2012-10-03 2012-10-03 Integral reinforced-concrete insulation block and system for assembly in wall work WO2014053674A1 (en)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/ES2012/070687 WO2014053674A1 (en) 2012-10-03 2012-10-03 Integral reinforced-concrete insulation block and system for assembly in wall work
ES201590001U ES1137281Y (en) 2012-10-03 2012-10-03 Reinforced concrete block with integral insulation.

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/ES2012/070687 WO2014053674A1 (en) 2012-10-03 2012-10-03 Integral reinforced-concrete insulation block and system for assembly in wall work

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2014053674A1 true WO2014053674A1 (en) 2014-04-10

Family

ID=50434388

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/ES2012/070687 WO2014053674A1 (en) 2012-10-03 2012-10-03 Integral reinforced-concrete insulation block and system for assembly in wall work

Country Status (2)

Country Link
ES (1) ES1137281Y (en)
WO (1) WO2014053674A1 (en)

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US641067A (en) * 1899-09-22 1900-01-09 Augustus W Blazo Fireproof partition.
US2145187A (en) * 1938-04-05 1939-01-24 Edward G Miller Building blocks for hollow walls
CH479787A (en) * 1968-12-30 1969-10-15 Bersier Eric Partition tile
GB2092192A (en) * 1981-01-30 1982-08-11 Faesite Spa Internally honeycombed hardboard and method of making the same
US20070169432A1 (en) * 2003-12-03 2007-07-26 Bridge Iain N Panel structure

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US641067A (en) * 1899-09-22 1900-01-09 Augustus W Blazo Fireproof partition.
US2145187A (en) * 1938-04-05 1939-01-24 Edward G Miller Building blocks for hollow walls
CH479787A (en) * 1968-12-30 1969-10-15 Bersier Eric Partition tile
GB2092192A (en) * 1981-01-30 1982-08-11 Faesite Spa Internally honeycombed hardboard and method of making the same
US20070169432A1 (en) * 2003-12-03 2007-07-26 Bridge Iain N Panel structure

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ES1137281U (en) 2015-03-10
ES1137281Y (en) 2015-06-01

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US10443238B2 (en) High performance, reinforced insulated precast concrete and tilt-up concrete structures and methods of making same
ES2315154B1 (en) STRUCTURAL PANELS CONNECTED FOR BUILDINGS.
KR100735576B1 (en) The insulation panel with reinforcement and construct method of panel thereof
SK2922000A3 (en) An improved formwork for building walls
US6151857A (en) Prefabricated composite construction system for internal and/or external building-walls
WO2010108176A2 (en) Solar/stud block
KR100696092B1 (en) Prefabricated panel made of the autoclaved light weight concrete
RU2285093C1 (en) Envelope wall structure
WO2014053674A1 (en) Integral reinforced-concrete insulation block and system for assembly in wall work
KR200420072Y1 (en) Prefabricated panel made of the autoclaved light weight concrete
WO2017095343A1 (en) Wall structure with cells having an earthquake absorption and increased resistance
ES2415982B1 (en) LIGHT CLOSURE ASSEMBLY, HIGH THERMAL AND ACOUSTIC INSULATION, CONDUCTED WITH CONCRETE BLOCKS WITH RECYCLED CRUSHED GLASS AIDES.
ES2282217T3 (en) WALL ELEMENT.
RU2209280C2 (en) Process of lining of walls of building erected from small- sized laying units
JP2008266965A (en) External wall structure of reinforced concrete outside insulation building, and external wall construction method
ES2275389A1 (en) Improvements introduced in the purpose of the application of spanish patent n. 200400682 for "construction system from prefabricated panels and used prefabricated panel". (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding)
WO2015128786A1 (en) A cast structural element
ES2311369B1 (en) PREFABRICATED HOUSING OF REINFORCED CONCRETE, LIGHTED CONCRETE AND STEEL.
ES1228924U (en) Insulating panel and enclosure (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding)
RU77625U1 (en) MULTI-LAYER GAS-BURNING BUILDING BLOCK (OPTIONS)
CZ307264B6 (en) A wall with a pre-wall with improved thermal and acoustic insulation properties
KR101083648B1 (en) With incombustible panel for construction with wire net
RU89141U1 (en) BUILDING BLOCK
JP2001140373A (en) External heat insulating wall
KR20200035816A (en) Wall Structure Using Stone And Insulation Panel Unit

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
121 Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application

Ref document number: 12886033

Country of ref document: EP

Kind code of ref document: A1

WWE Wipo information: entry into national phase

Ref document number: U201590001

Country of ref document: ES

NENP Non-entry into the national phase

Ref country code: DE

122 Ep: pct application non-entry in european phase

Ref document number: 12886033

Country of ref document: EP

Kind code of ref document: A1