WO2014024556A1 - 微小粒子測定装置におけるラミナーフローモニタリング方法と微小粒子分析方法及び微小粒子測定装置 - Google Patents
微小粒子測定装置におけるラミナーフローモニタリング方法と微小粒子分析方法及び微小粒子測定装置 Download PDFInfo
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Definitions
- the present technology relates to a laminar flow monitoring method, a microparticle analysis method, and a microparticle measurement device in a microparticle measurement device. More specifically, the present invention relates to a laminar flow monitoring method and the like for detecting a liquid feeding abnormality by determining a liquid feeding state of a laminar flow in a flow channel formed in a flow cell, a microchip, or the like in a microparticle measuring apparatus.
- Microparticle measurement that detects the fluorescence and scattered light generated from microparticles by forming a laminar flow containing microparticles in a flow path formed in a flow cell, microchip, etc., and irradiating the microparticles in the laminar flow with light
- the device is known.
- the optical properties of microparticles such as cells and beads can be measured and analyzed based on the intensity or spectrum of the detected fluorescence or scattered light.
- a laminar flow is formed so that microparticles flow in the approximate center of the flow path.
- a method of focusing a liquid containing microparticles at the center of the flow path by forming a sheath flow an acoustic focusing method of concentrating the microparticles at the center of the flow path by sound energy, and a combination thereof Etc.
- dust or bubbles enter the flow path, the laminar flow will be disturbed, and the flow positions of individual microparticles in the flow path will vary, making it impossible to perform accurate measurements, resulting in problems with data reliability. There was a case.
- noise generated from dust and bubbles mixed in the flow path may reduce the accuracy of data.
- Patent Literature 1 and Patent Literature 2 disclose technologies for suppressing measurement errors due to variations in the flow position of microparticles in a flow path.
- detection light sintered light
- detection light scattered light
- side scattered light or back scattered light through a light splitter
- a position shift between the center of the excitation light and the center of the sheath flow is detected from the detection position, and the position of the flow cell is adjusted so that the position shift falls within a predetermined range.
- Patent Document 2 describes a technique for detecting position information of microparticles using a change in deflection angle generated in scattered light generated from the microparticles and adjusting the position of the flow cell or the focus position of the excitation light. Yes.
- the main purpose of this technology is to provide a technology that can automatically determine the liquid feed state of the laminar flow in the flow path in order to ensure the reliability of the data.
- the present technology receives an S-polarized component separated from an irradiation procedure for irradiating light on a laminar flow and scattered light generated from the laminar flow and given astigmatism by a detector, Laminar flow monitoring in a microparticle measuring apparatus, comprising: a position detection procedure for acquiring light reception position information of the S-polarized light component in the detector; and a determination procedure for determining the state of the laminar flow based on the light reception position information.
- a position detection procedure a detector in which a light receiving surface is divided into a plurality of regions may be used as the detector.
- a detector in which a light receiving surface is divided into four regions of region A, region B, region C, and region D as a detector is used as the detector, and the light receiving position
- a difference ⁇ 1 (A ⁇ C) between detection values of the region A and the region C not adjacent to the region A may be acquired.
- a + C)-(B + D) A quadrant photodiode is preferably used as the detector.
- the state of the laminar flow can be determined based on the acquired difference ⁇ 1 and / or the difference ⁇ 2. More specifically, in the determination procedure, the laminar flow is determined to be abnormal when the difference ⁇ 1 and / or the difference ⁇ 2 is outside a predetermined range, and the difference ⁇ 1 and / or the difference ⁇ 2 is determined to be within the predetermined range. If it is included, the laminar flow is determined to be normal. More preferably, the laminar flow is determined to be abnormal when the acquisition frequency of the difference ⁇ 1 and / or the difference ⁇ 2 outside the predetermined range exceeds a predetermined frequency.
- the laminar flow monitoring method includes a light detection procedure for detecting light generated from the laminar flow including microparticles, and an analysis of optical characteristics of the microparticles based on the light intensity information acquired in the light detection procedure.
- An analysis procedure for obtaining a result, wherein, in the analysis procedure, only the intensity information acquired while the laminar flow is determined to be normal is extracted to obtain the analysis result. Is possible.
- the present technology includes a light irradiation unit that irradiates light to the laminar flow, a first spectroscopic element that separates scattered light generated from the laminar flow into an S-polarized component and a P-polarized component, and receives the S-polarized component.
- An S-polarized light detector an astigmatism element disposed between the first spectroscopic element and the S-polarized light detector, which gives astigmatism to the S-polarized light component, and an output from the S-polarized light detector
- a determination unit that acquires light reception position information of the S-polarized component and determines the state of the laminar flow based on the light reception position information.
- a cylindrical lens is preferably used for the astigmatism element.
- the S-polarization detector has a light receiving surface divided into four regions of a region A, a region B, a region C, and a region D
- the determination unit uses the light receiving position information as the light receiving position information.
- a difference ⁇ 1 (A ⁇ C) between detection values of the area A and the area C not adjacent to the area A may be acquired.
- the determination unit includes, as the light receiving position information, a sum of detection values of the areas A and C (A + C), a sum of detection values of the areas B and D (B + D), The difference ⁇ 2 ((A + C) ⁇ (B + D)) may be acquired.
- the determination unit may determine the state of the laminar flow based on the acquired difference ⁇ 1 and / or the difference ⁇ 2. More specifically, the determination unit determines that the laminar flow is abnormal when the difference ⁇ 1 and / or the difference ⁇ 2 is outside a predetermined range, and the difference ⁇ 1 and / or the difference ⁇ 2 is the predetermined range. If it is included, the laminar flow may be determined to be normal.
- the microparticle measurement apparatus according to the present technology preferably includes an output unit, and is configured to display information on the difference ⁇ 1 and / or the difference ⁇ 2 on the output unit.
- the microparticle measurement device is configured to automatically stop when the determination unit presents the abnormality determination of the laminar flow by the output unit or when the determination unit determines abnormality of the laminar flow. It is preferable to make it.
- the fine particle measuring apparatus detects a second spectroscopic element that separates light generated from the laminar flow into the scattered light and fluorescence, a P polarization detector that detects the P polarization component, and the fluorescence. And a fluorescence detector.
- the microparticle measurement apparatus includes a plurality of independent light receiving devices that include a third spectroscopic element that splits the fluorescence, and that detects the fluorescence split by the third spectroscopic element in the fluorescence detector. By arranging the elements, it can be configured as a spectral microparticle measuring apparatus.
- microparticles widely include living body-related microparticles such as cells, microorganisms, and liposomes, or synthetic particles such as latex particles, gel particles, and industrial particles.
- Biologically relevant microparticles include chromosomes, liposomes, mitochondria, organelles (organelles) that constitute various cells.
- Cells include animal cells (such as blood cells) and plant cells.
- Microorganisms include bacteria such as Escherichia coli, viruses such as tobacco mosaic virus, and fungi such as yeast.
- biologically relevant microparticles may include biologically relevant polymers such as nucleic acids, proteins, and complexes thereof.
- the industrial particles may be, for example, an organic or inorganic polymer material, a metal, or the like.
- Organic polymer materials include polystyrene, styrene / divinylbenzene, polymethyl methacrylate, and the like.
- Inorganic polymer materials include glass, silica, magnetic materials, and the like.
- Metals include gold colloid, aluminum and the like.
- the shape of these fine particles is generally spherical, but may be non-spherical, and the size and mass are not particularly limited.
- This technology provides a technology that can automatically determine the state of the laminar flow in the flow path to ensure data reliability.
- FIG. It is a figure for demonstrating the structure of the measurement part of the microparticle measuring apparatus which concerns on this technique. It is a figure for demonstrating the structure of the light-receiving surface of the S polarization detector 51.
- FIG. It is a figure for demonstrating the laminar flow L which flows through the flow path C, and the laser spot S of the excitation light 1 irradiated to the laminar flow L.
- FIG. It is a graph which illustrates the change of difference (DELTA) 1 and difference (DELTA) 2 when the flow position of the microparticle P is moved to a Z-axis direction. It is a graph which illustrates the change of difference delta 1 and difference delta 2 when the flow position of fine particle P is moved to the direction of the X-axis.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating the configuration of the measuring unit of the microparticle measuring device according to the present technology.
- the fine particle measuring apparatus according to the present technology is generally composed of a measuring unit shown in the figure and a determining unit (not shown).
- the fine particle measurement apparatus may include a control unit including a CPU and the like for controlling the measurement unit, the determination unit, and the like.
- the measurement unit includes a light irradiation unit that irradiates the laminar flow that flows through the flow path C with the excitation light 1 and a light detection unit that detects the scattered light 2 and the fluorescence 3 generated from the laminar flow.
- the symbol P in the figure indicates the microparticles included in the laminar flow.
- the light irradiation unit condenses the excitation light 11 with respect to the light source 11 that emits the excitation light 1 and the laminar flow that flows through the flow path C formed in the flow cell and the microchip.
- the objective lens 11 is configured to include.
- the light source 11 is appropriately selected from a laser diode, an SHG (Second Harmonic Generation) laser, a solid-state laser, a gas laser, a high-intensity LED (Light Emitting Diode), and the like according to the purpose of measurement.
- Optical elements other than the light source 11 and the objective lens 12 may be arranged in the light irradiation unit as necessary.
- the light detection unit includes a condenser lens 21, spectral elements 22, 23, 31, a fluorescence detector 32, a P polarization detector 41, an S polarization detector 51, and an astigmatism element 52. It consists of
- the condensing lens 11 condenses the scattered light 2 and the fluorescence 3 generated from the laminar flow irradiated with the excitation light 1 and / or the fine particles P in the laminar flow.
- the scattered light 2 may be various kinds of scattered light such as forward scattered light, side scattered light, Rayleigh scattering, and Mie scattering.
- the fluorescence 3 may be fluorescence generated from the microparticles P themselves or fluorescence generated from a fluorescent substance labeled on the microparticles P.
- the spectroscopic element 22 separates the scattered light 2 and the fluorescence 3 collected by the condenser lens 11.
- the spectroscopic element 22 uses a dichroic mirror that reflects only light of a specific wavelength and transmits other wavelength components. In the microparticle measuring apparatus according to the present embodiment, the scattered light 2 is reflected, and the fluorescence 3 Is used.
- the spectroscopic element 31 is a prism, a grating mirror, or the like, and further splits the fluorescence 3 separated by the spectroscopic element 22 and projects it onto the fluorescence detector 32.
- the fluorescence detector 32 detects the fluorescence 3 separated by the spectroscopic element 22.
- a plurality of independent light receiving elements are arranged in the fluorescence detector 32, and each light receiving element detects light in a wavelength region that is spectrally projected from the spectroscopic element 31 and projected from the fluorescence 3.
- a PMT array in which 32-channel PMTs (photo ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ multiplier tubes) are arranged one-dimensionally as light receiving elements is used as the fluorescence detector 32.
- the fluorescence detector 32 converts the detected intensity information of the fluorescence 3 into an electrical signal and outputs it to the calculation unit. In the calculation unit, the fluorescence characteristics of the microparticles P are analyzed based on the electric signal.
- a photodiode array or a two-dimensional light receiving element such as a CCD and a CMOS may be used.
- Fluorescence 3 generated from the fine particles P can be acquired as a spectrum by using a light receiving element array or a two-dimensional light receiving element for the fluorescence detector 32 in combination with the spectroscopic element 31.
- the P polarization detector 41 detects the P polarization component 4 contained in the scattered light 2 separated by the spectroscopic element 22.
- the P polarization detector 41 for example, a PD (Photo diode), a CCD (Charge Coupled Device), or a PMT (Photo-Multiplier Tube) can be used.
- the P-polarized light detector 41 converts the detected intensity information of the P-polarized component 4 into an electric signal and outputs it to the calculation unit. In the calculation unit, the scattered light characteristics of the microparticles P are analyzed based on the electric signal. From the intensity information of the P-polarized component 4, analysis on the size, internal structure and the like of the microparticle P can be performed.
- the spectroscopic element 23 separates incident non-polarized light into two polarized lights whose vibration directions are orthogonal to each other, and separates the scattered light 2 separated by the spectroscopic element 22 into a P-polarized component 4 and an S-polarized component 5. . Specifically, the spectroscopic element 23 transmits the P polarization component 4 and reflects the S polarization component 5 of the incident scattered light 2.
- the S polarization detector 51 detects the S polarization component 5 separated by the spectroscopic element 23, and its light receiving surface is divided into a plurality of regions.
- a quadrant photodiode in which the light receiving surface is divided into four regions of region A, region B, region C, and region D is used. Yes.
- the astigmatism element 52 is a cylindrical lens disposed between the spectroscopic element 23 and the S-polarized light detector 51, and gives astigmatism to the S-polarized light component 5 transmitted toward the S-polarized light detector 51.
- the detection signal of the S polarization detector 51 is output to the determination unit.
- the determination unit receives the output and acquires information on the light receiving position (light receiving position information) on the light receiving surface of the S polarization detector 51 of the S polarization component 5 that has caused astigmatism.
- the light receiving position (imaging pattern) of the S polarization component 5 on the light receiving surface of the S polarization detector 51 will be described in detail later.
- the determination unit performs a process of determining a laminar flow state that flows through the flow path C based on the light reception position information of the S-polarized light component 5 on the light-receiving surface of the S-polarization detector 51.
- the determination unit includes a hard disk, a CPU, a memory, and the like in which a program for executing this processing and an OS are stored.
- the microparticle measuring apparatus which concerns on this technique is provided with the output part which shows a user the state of a laminar flow, and its determination result.
- a conventionally known output device such as a display, a printer, or a speaker is used.
- the determination unit determines whether a plurality of regions provided on the light-receiving surface of the S-polarization detector 51 are based on light-receiving position information of the S-polarized component 5 on the light-receiving surface of the S-polarization detector 51 To obtain the difference between the detected values. Specifically, the difference ⁇ 1 (AC) and the difference ⁇ 2 ((A + C) ⁇ (B + D)) for the detection values in the regions A, B, C, and D of the quadrant photodiode shown in FIG. To get.
- FIG. 3 shows a laminar flow L flowing through the channel C, fine particles P in the laminar flow L, and a laser spot S of the excitation light 1 irradiated to the laminar flow L.
- the irradiation direction of the excitation light 1 with respect to the laminar flow L is defined as the X-axis direction
- the liquid feeding direction of the laminar flow L is defined as the Y-axis direction.
- a direction perpendicular to the X-axis direction and the Y-axis direction is taken as a Z-axis direction.
- the present inventors can acquire the positional information of the microparticles P in the Z-axis direction from the difference ⁇ 1 (AC), and the microparticles P in the X-axis direction from the difference ⁇ 2 ((A + C) ⁇ (B + D)). It has been found that position information can be acquired.
- the fine particle P indicates the center position of the laser spot S in FIG.
- the imaging pattern is, for example, in FIG. The image is shown as a solid line.
- the imaging pattern of the S-polarized component 5 changes corresponding to the flow position of the fine particles P, and the ratio of the S-polarized component 5 projected onto the areas A to D corresponds to the flow position of the fine particles P. And change. For this reason, the pattern of detection values of the S-polarized component 5 in the regions A to D directly reflects the flow position of the microparticles P.
- FIG. 4 shows changes in the difference ⁇ 1 (A ⁇ C) and the difference ⁇ 2 ((A + C) ⁇ (B + D)) when the flow cell through which the fine particles P flow is moved in the Z-axis direction by the stepping motor.
- the vertical axis represents the average value of the differences ⁇ 1 and ⁇ 2.
- the horizontal axis shows the amount of movement of the stepping motor in micrometer units.
- the moving amount of the stepping motor can be calculated as an actual length (micrometer unit) from the number of pulses (driving amount).
- the origin (zero) as the movement start position of the flow cell may be arbitrary, but is preferably a position where the particle can be most suitably measured under conditions where the laminar flow is normally formed.
- a position where the intensity of scattered light or fluorescence detected from the particles P is highest, a position where the CV value of the intensity of scattered light or fluorescence is lowest, or the like can be used.
- FIG. 4 shows a calculation straight line for calculating the position information of the microparticles P in the Z-axis direction from the difference ⁇ 1 in units of micrometers.
- FIG. 5 shows changes in the difference ⁇ 1 (AC) and the difference ⁇ 2 ((A + C) ⁇ (B + D)) when the flow cell through which the fine particles P flow is moved in the X-axis direction by the stepping motor. Only the difference ⁇ 2 changes in correlation with the amount of movement in the X-axis direction. From this, it can be seen that position information in the X-axis direction of the fine particles P can be obtained from the difference ⁇ 2. It can also be confirmed that there is a linear relationship between the amount of movement in the X-axis direction and the difference ⁇ 2.
- FIG. 6B shows a calculation line for calculating the position information of the microparticles P in the X-axis direction from the difference ⁇ 2 in units of micrometers.
- the flow positions of the fine particles P vary due to the disturbance of the laminar flow L. Therefore, the variation in the flow position of the fine particles P reflects the liquid feeding state of the laminar flow L. That is, the position information of the microparticles P obtained from the difference ⁇ 1 (A ⁇ C) and the difference ⁇ 2 ((A + C) ⁇ (B + D)) can be used as information representing the liquid feeding state of the laminar flow L.
- various calculation processes such as the above-described difference between detection values and position information of the fine particles P can be performed by a unit including a CPU or the like that can perform such calculation processes. Examples of the unit that can include the CPU that can perform the calculation process include the measurement unit and the determination unit described above.
- the difference ⁇ 1 and the difference ⁇ 2 are calculated from the detected values of the S-polarized light component 5 generated from the laminar flow L that are equal to or larger than a certain threshold, the flow position of the microparticles P is calculated, and plotted for a certain time. It is a graph.
- the calculation of the flow position from the difference ⁇ 1 and the difference ⁇ 2 was performed using the calculation straight line shown in FIG.
- the horizontal axis indicates time
- the vertical axis indicates position information in the Z-axis or X-axis direction in units of micrometers.
- FIG. C the horizontal axis indicates the Z-axis direction
- the vertical axis indicates the position information in the X-axis direction in units of micrometers.
- the color of the plot indicates the density (population) of the microparticles.
- FIG. 7 shows an example in which an appropriate laminar flow L that is stable from the start to the end of measurement is formed. From FIG. C, it can be seen that each microparticle P flows in a concentrated manner in the vicinity of the origin. Moreover, it can be seen from FIGS. A and B that each microparticle P flows stably around the origin from the start to the end of measurement.
- 8 and 9 show an example in which the laminar flow L is disturbed.
- 8A and 8B show a certain tendency with respect to the time axis, but the flow positions of the microparticles P vary in the negative direction of the X axis.
- FIG. 8C it turns out that the flow position of the microparticle P has spread
- 9A and 9B show a certain tendency with respect to the time axis, but the flow positions of the fine particles P vary in the positive and negative directions of the Z axis.
- FIG. 9C it turns out that the flow position of the microparticle P has spread
- 10 and 11 show an example in which the laminar flow L is disturbed during measurement. 10 and 11, immediately before the end of the measurement, the flow positions of the fine particles P diverge over a wide range in the Z-axis and X-axis directions. Such divergence at the flow position occurs when air enters the flow path through which the laminar flow L flows to form bubbles, and the bubbles spread over the entire flow path, and scattered light generated on the surface of the bubbles. This is due to being detected.
- the mixing of bubbles into the flow path may occur due to the supply of liquid (sheath liquid or sample liquid containing microparticles P) forming the laminar flow L to the flow path being cut off.
- the determination unit performs abnormality determination when the ratio of the number of detected events in which the difference ⁇ 1 and the difference ⁇ 2 exceed a predetermined range with respect to the number of previous detection events reaches a predetermined value.
- the difference ⁇ 1 and the difference ⁇ 2 do not exceed the predetermined value, it is determined that the liquid feeding state of the laminar flow L is normal.
- FIGS. 12 to 16 calculate the ratio of the microparticles P whose flow positions are out of a certain range from the graphs plotting the flow positions of the microparticles P shown in FIGS. Graphed as an axis.
- the figure is plotted on the vertical axis where 1 is the particle outside the range of the origin ⁇ 20 micrometers, 0 is the particle flowing within the range, the horizontal axis is the measured time, and the kernel smoothing method for the result Is smoothed using FIG. A shows the result in the Z-axis direction, and FIG. B shows the result in the X-axis direction.
- Averaging is not an essential process, and various methods such as moving average, exponential moving average, and spline smoothing may be used in addition to the kernel smoothing method.
- a kernel smoothing method, a moving average method, or the like is applied to the plot, the horizontal axis of the plot is not limited to time, and may be the count number of detected particles.
- the ratio of the fine particles P outside the range of the origin ⁇ 20 micrometers can be kept low in both the Z-axis and X-axis directions. ing.
- the ratio is a large value.
- the same ratio can be an indicator of the stability of the laminar flow liquid feeding state. For example, if an upper limit value of 0.5 is set as the same ratio, it is possible to determine that the laminar flow L is abnormal in liquid feeding when this value is exceeded.
- a graph in which the flow positions of the microparticles P are plotted for a certain period of time (see FIGS. 7 to 11) and a graph showing the change in the ratio of the microparticles P outside the certain range (see FIGS. 12 to 16) are both visual and intuitive. In particular, it is useful for determining the state of the laminar flow L. Therefore, in the microparticle measurement device according to the present technology, information derived from the difference ⁇ 1 and the difference ⁇ 2 may be displayed on the output unit. Specifically, a graph in which the flow positions of the fine particles P are plotted for a certain period of time (see FIGS. 7 to 11) and a graph showing the change in the ratio of the minute particles P outside the certain range (see FIGS. 12 to 16).
- the values of the difference ⁇ 1 and the difference ⁇ 2 may be used as they are for the axes used in each graph. In this case, it is desirable that the values of the difference ⁇ 1 and the difference ⁇ 2 at the optimal flow position of the fine particles P are acquired in advance and the origin (zero) is obtained.
- the determination unit always performs determination of the liquid feeding state of the laminar flow L during the operation of the apparatus.
- the determination unit executes the following processing.
- the user can check the liquid feeding state of the laminar flow L in real time during measurement based on the information regarding the difference ⁇ 1 and the difference ⁇ 2 displayed on the output unit, and can deal with the abnormality.
- the determination unit may present a warning (alert) to the user from the output unit.
- the presentation mode may be presentation by an image on a display, presentation by characters or graphics by a printer, presentation by sound by a speaker, or the like. By presenting the alert, the user who has confirmed this can immediately stop the measurement, and waste of samples and time can be eliminated.
- the user interrupts the measurement when the alert confirms the disturbance of the laminar flow L. Then, it is preferable to perform a return operation such as cleaning for removing foreign matters such as dust or bubbles from the inner wall of the flow path and adjusting the liquid feeding pressure of the laminar flow L. It is possible to eliminate waste of samples and time by restarting the measurement after confirming stable liquid feeding after the return operation. In addition, when it is confirmed that bubbles are mixed into the flow path, it is preferable to stop the measurement and prevent further inflow of bubbles. If a large amount of bubbles enters the flow path, it takes time to remove the bubbles, and there is a possibility that the measurement may be resumed while the bubbles are not completely removed.
- a return operation such as cleaning for removing foreign matters such as dust or bubbles from the inner wall of the flow path and adjusting the liquid feeding pressure of the laminar flow L. It is possible to eliminate waste of samples and time by restarting the measurement after confirming stable liquid feeding after the return operation.
- the apparatus may be automatically stopped instead of the above alert or together with the alert. This eliminates waste of sample and time, and prevents further inflow of bubbles into the flow path.
- the microparticle measurement device determines the liquid feeding state of the laminar flow from the light receiving position information on the detector light receiving surface of the scattered light generated from the laminar flow, and automatically detects a liquid feeding abnormality. Detect.
- the microparticle measurement apparatus when analyzing the optical characteristics of the microparticles after measurement, the liquidation state of the laminar flow at the time of the measurement is confirmed, so that there is no problem due to liquid supply abnormality. It is possible to know whether or not appropriate data is included in the analysis result, and the accuracy (reliability) of the analysis result can be evaluated.
- the microparticle measurement device generates an alert or automatically stops when an abnormal liquid flow in the laminar flow is detected. You can eliminate wasted time. Furthermore, in the microparticle measurement apparatus according to the present technology, it is possible to obtain an analysis result of the optical characteristics of the microparticles by eliminating inappropriate data acquired at the time of liquid feeding abnormality, so that high-precision analysis is possible. .
- the light detection unit is configured by combining the spectroscopic element 31 and the fluorescence detector 32 that is a light receiving element array or a two-dimensional light receiving element, An example in which the fluorescence 3 generated from the fine particles P is acquired as a spectrum has been described.
- the light detection unit uses a plurality of wavelength selection elements (here, three reference numerals 31a, 31b, and 31c) to obtain a desired wavelength from the fluorescence 3 as shown in FIG.
- a configuration may be adopted in which only a region is selected and detected by a fluorescence detector (here, three reference numerals 32a, 32b, and 32c).
- a fluorescence detector here, three reference numerals 32a, 32b, and 32c.
- a dichroic mirror or the like that reflects only light in a specific wavelength range and transmits other light may be used.
- PD Photo diode
- CCD Charge Coupled Device
- PMT Photo-Multiplier Tube
- the combination of a wavelength selection element and a fluorescence detector is not restricted to three shown here, It can be made into 1 or 2 or more.
- Laminar flow monitoring method and laminar flow monitoring program A laminar flow monitoring method according to the present technology corresponds to a process executed by the determination unit of the above-described microparticle measurement device. Further, a laminar flow monitoring program for executing this method is stored in the determination unit of the fine particle measuring apparatus.
- the program is stored and held in the hard disk, read into the memory under the control of the CPU and OS, and executes the above-described correction processing.
- the program can be recorded on a computer-readable recording medium.
- the recording medium is not particularly limited as long as it is a computer-readable recording medium. Specifically, for example, a disk-shaped recording medium such as a flexible disk or a CD-ROM is used. A tape-type recording medium such as a magnetic tape may be used.
- the laminar flow monitoring method in the microparticle measurement apparatus can also have the following configuration.
- An irradiation procedure for irradiating light to a laminar flow, and an S-polarized component separated from scattered light generated from the laminar flow and given astigmatism by a detector, and the S-polarized light in the detector A laminar flow monitoring method in a microparticle measuring apparatus, comprising: a position detection procedure for acquiring light reception position information of a component; and a determination procedure for determining a state of the laminar flow based on the light reception position information.
- the laminar flow is determined to be abnormal when the difference ⁇ 1 and / or the difference ⁇ 2 is out of a predetermined range, and the difference ⁇ 1 and / or the difference ⁇ 2 is included in the predetermined range.
- the laminar flow monitoring method according to the above (4) or (5) in which the laminar flow is determined to be normal when it is detected.
- the laminar flow is determined to be abnormal (4) to (6)
- the microparticle measuring apparatus can also be configured as follows. (10) A light irradiation unit for irradiating light to the laminar flow, a first spectroscopic element that separates scattered light generated from the laminar flow into an S-polarized component and a P-polarized component, and S-polarized light that receives the S-polarized component A detector, an astigmatism element disposed between the first spectroscopic element and the S-polarized light detector, which gives astigmatism to the S-polarized component; and an output from the S-polarized light detector; A fine particle measuring device comprising: a light receiving position information of the S-polarized component; and a determination unit that determines the state of the laminar flow based on the light receiving position information.
- the light receiving surface is divided into four regions of region A, region B, region C, and region D, and the determination unit uses the region A and the region A as the light receiving position information.
- the microparticle measurement apparatus according to (10), wherein a difference ⁇ 1 (AC) of a detection value from the region C that is not adjacent to the region A is acquired.
- the determination unit may calculate, as the light reception position information, a difference between a sum of detection values of the areas A and C (A + C) and a sum of detection values of the areas B and D (B + D).
- the microparticle measurement apparatus according to (11), wherein ⁇ 2 ((A + C) ⁇ (B + D)) is acquired.
- the microparticle measurement apparatus determines the state of the laminar flow based on the difference ⁇ 1 and / or the difference ⁇ 2.
- the determination unit determines that the laminar flow is abnormal when the difference ⁇ 1 and / or the difference ⁇ 2 is out of a predetermined range, and the difference ⁇ 1 and / or the difference ⁇ 2 is included in the predetermined range.
- the fine particle measuring apparatus according to (12) or (13), wherein the laminar flow is determined to be normal when the laminar flow is normal.
- the microparticle measurement apparatus according to any one of (12) to (14), further including an output unit, wherein the difference ⁇ 1 and / or the information regarding the difference ⁇ 2 is displayed as an image on the output unit.
- the microparticle measurement apparatus according to (14) or (15), wherein the output unit presents the abnormality determination of the laminar flow by the determination unit.
- the microparticle measurement apparatus according to any one of (14) to (16), which automatically stops when the determination unit determines that the laminar flow is abnormal.
- the fine particle measuring apparatus according to any one of (10) to (17), wherein the astigmatism element is a cylindrical lens.
- a second spectroscopic element that separates light generated from the laminar flow into the scattered light and fluorescence, a P-polarization detector that detects the P-polarized component, and a fluorescence detector that detects the fluorescence.
- the fine particle measuring apparatus according to any one of (10) to (18) above.
- a third spectroscopic element that splits the fluorescence is provided, and the fluorescence detector includes a plurality of independent light receiving elements that detect the fluorescence dispersed by the third spectroscopic element. 10) The fine particle measuring device according to any one of (19).
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Abstract
Description
前記位置検出手順では、前記検出器として、受光面が複数領域に分割された検出器が用いられてもよい。より具体的には、前記位置検出手順では、前記検出器として、受光面が領域A、領域B、領域C、領域Dの4つの領域に格子状に分割された検出器を用い、前記受光位置情報として、前記領域Aと、前記領域Aに隣接しない前記領域Cと、の検出値の差分Δ1(A-C)を取得してもよい。また、併せて、前記受光位置情報として、前記領域Aと前記領域Cの検出値の和(A+C)と、前記領域Bと前記領域Dの検出値の和(B+D)と、の差分Δ2((A+C)-(B+D))を取得する。前記検出器として、4分割フォトダイオードが好適に用いられる。
本技術に係るラミナーフローモニタリング方法では、前記判定手順において、取得された差分Δ1及び/又は前記差分Δ2に基づいて、前記ラミナーフローの状態を判定することができる。より具体的には、前記判定手順において、前記差分Δ1及び/又は前記差分Δ2が所定範囲を外れた場合に前記ラミナーフローを異常と判定し、前記差分Δ1及び/又は前記差分Δ2が前記所定範囲内に含まれる場合に前記ラミナーフローを正常と判定する。より好ましくは、前記所定範囲を外れた前記差分Δ1及び/又は前記差分Δ2の取得頻度が所定頻度を超えた場合に、前記ラミナーフローを異常と判定する。
このラミナーフローモニタリング方法は、微小粒子を含む前記ラミナーフローから発生する光を検出する光検出手順と、該光検出手順において取得された前記光の強度情報に基づき、前記微小粒子の光学特性の分析結果を得る解析手順と、を含み、前記解析手順において、前記ラミナーフローが正常と判定された間に取得された前記強度情報のみを抽出して前記分析結果を得る微小粒子分析方法への応用が可能である。
この微小粒子測定装置では、前記S偏光検出器は、受光面が領域A、領域B、領域C、領域Dの4つの領域に格子状に分割され、前記判定部は、前記受光位置情報として、前記領域Aと、前記領域Aに隣接しない前記領域Cと、の検出値の差分Δ1(A-C)を取得してもよい。また、併せて、前記判定部は、前記受光位置情報として、前記領域Aと前記領域Cの検出値の和(A+C)と、前記領域Bと前記領域Dの検出値の和(B+D)と、の差分Δ2((A+C)-(B+D))を取得してもよい。
本技術に係る微小粒子測定装置において、前記判定部は、取得された差分Δ1及び/又は前記差分Δ2に基づいて、前記ラミナーフローの状態を判定してもよい。より具体的には、前記判定部は、前記差分Δ1及び/又は前記差分Δ2が所定範囲を外れた場合に前記ラミナーフローを異常と判定し、前記差分Δ1及び/又は前記差分Δ2が前記所定範囲内に含まれる場合に前記ラミナーフローを正常と判定してもよい。
本技術に係る微小粒子測定装置は、出力部を備え、前記差分Δ1及び/又は前記差分Δ2に関する情報を前記出力部に画像表示するよう構成されることが好ましい。また、本技術に係る微小粒子測定装置は、前記判定部による前記ラミナーフローの異常判定を前記出力部により提示したり、前記判定部により前記ラミナーフローの異常が判定された場合、自動停止するようにしたりされることが好ましい。
本技術に係る微小粒子測定装置は、前記ラミナーフローから発生する光を前記散乱光と蛍光に分離する第二分光素子と、前記P偏光成分を検出するP偏光検出器と、前記蛍光を検出する蛍光検出器と、を備えていてもよい。また、本技術に係る微小粒子測定装置は、前記蛍光を分光する第三分光素子を設け、前記蛍光検出器に、前記第三分光素子により分光された前記蛍光を検出する、複数の独立した受光素子を配列することで、スペクトル型微小粒子測定装置として構成できる。
1.微小粒子測定装置の構成
(1)測定部
(1-1)光照射部
(1-2)光検出部
(2)判定部
(3)出力部
2.微小粒子側手装置におけるラミナーフローモニタリング処理
(1)受光位置検出ステップ
(2)判定ステップ
(3)異常検出時の動作
3.変形例
(1)光検出部
(2)S偏光検出器
4.ラミナーフローモニタリング方法及びラミナーフローモニタリングプログラム
(1)測定部
図1は、本技術に係る微小粒子測定装置の測定部の構成を説明する図である。本技術に係る微小粒子測定装置は、大略、図に示される測定部と、不図示の判定部とから構成されている。微小粒子測定装置は、測定部及び判定部等を制御するための、CPU等を含む制御部を設けてもよい。測定部は、流路Cを通流するラミナーフローに励起光1を照射する光照射部と、ラミナーフローから発生する散乱光2及び蛍光3を検出する光検出部と、を含む。図中符号Pは、ラミナーフロー中に含まれる微小粒子を示している。
光照射部は、励起光1を出射する光源11と、フローセル及びマイクロチップなどに形成された流路Cを通流するラミナーフローに対して励起光11を集光する対物レンズ11とを含んで構成されている。光源11は、測定の目的に応じてレーザダイオード、SHG(Second Harmonic Generation)レーザ、固体レーザ、ガスレーザ及び高輝度LED(Light Emitting Diode:発光ダイオード)などから適宜選択される。光照射部には、必要に応じて、光源11及び対物レンズ12以外の光学素子が配されていてもよい。
光検出部は、集光レンズ21、分光素子22,23,31、蛍光検出器32、P偏光検出器41、S偏光検出器51及び非点収差素子52を含んで構成されている。
判定部は、S偏光検出器51の受光面におけるS偏光成分5の受光位置情報に基づいて流路Cを通流するラミナーフローの状態を判定する処理を行う。判定部は、この処理を実行するためのプログラムとOSが格納されたハードディスク、CPU及びメモリなどにより構成される。
また、本技術に係る微小粒子測定装置は、ラミナーフローの状態及びその判定結果をユーザに提示する出力部を備える。出力部には、ディスプレイやプリンタ、スピーカなどの従来公知の出力装置が用いられる。
次に、判定部によるラミナーフローの送液状態の判定処理について説明する。
判定部は、まず、S偏光検出器51の受光面におけるS偏光成分5の受光位置情報に基づいて、S偏光検出器51の受光面に設けられた複数の領域間で検出値の差分を取得する。具体的には、図2に示した4分割フォトダイオードの領域A、領域B、領域C及び領域Dにおける検出値について、差分Δ1(A-C)及び差分Δ2((A+C)-(B+D))を取得する。
なお、上述の検出値の差分及び微小粒子Pの位置情報等の各種算出処理は、このような算出処理が可能なCPU等を備えた部で行うことが可能である。この算出処理可能なCPU等を備えることが可能な部としては、例えば、上述の測定部及び判定部等が挙げられる。
図7~11で説明したように、差分Δ1(A-C)及び差分Δ2((A+C)-(B+D))に基づけばラミナーフローLの送液状態を判定することが可能である。図8及び図9に示されるようなラミナーフローLの乱れが生じている間は、微小粒子Pの光学特性の測定が適切に行われていないと考えられる。このため、この間に取得されたデータは、解析に用いられないようにすることが好ましい。また、図10及び図11で説明したような流路への泡の混入が生じた後に取得されたデータも、通常のデータではないので解析に用いられないようにすることが望ましい。
判定部は、装置動作中にラミナーフローLの送液状態の判定を常時行うようにすることが好ましい。送液状態が異常と判定された場合、判定部は以下の処理を実行する。
ユーザは、出力部に表示される差分Δ1及び差分Δ2に関する情報により計測中リアルタイムにラミナーフローLの送液状態を確認し、異常に対処することができる。加えて、判定部が、出力部からユーザに対して警告(アラート)を提示するようにしてもよい。提示の態様は、ディスプレイ上への画像による提示、プリンタによる文字や図形による提示、スピーカによる音での提示などあってよい。アラートの提示により、これを確認したユーザが計測を直ちに中断することができ、サンプルや時間の無駄をなくすことができる。
送液状態が異常と判定された場合、上記のアラートに替えて、あるいはアラートともに、装置を自動停止するようにしてもよい。これにより、サンプルや時間の無駄をなくし、流路への一層の泡の流入を防止できる。
さらに、判定部は、微小粒子Pから発生する蛍光3及びP偏光成分4の強度情報に基づいて微小粒子Pの光学特性の分析結果を得る際に、ラミナーフローLの送液状態が異常であった間に取得された強度情報を除外する処理を行うようにしてもよい。正常時に取得された強度情報のみを抽出して用い、微小粒子Pの光学特性を解析することで、送液異常時に取得された不適切なデータを排除して、正確な分析結果を得ることができデータの信頼性を高めることができる。
(1)光検出部
上述の実施形態に係る微小粒子測定装置では、分光素子31と、受光素子アレイ又は2次元受光素子とした蛍光検出器32とを組み合わせて光検出部を構成し、微小粒子Pから発生する蛍光3をスペクトルとして取得する例を説明した。本技術に係る微小粒子測定装置において、光検出部は、図17に示すように、複数の波長選択素子(ここでは符号31a、31b、31cの3つ)を用いて、蛍光3から所望の波長域のみを選択して蛍光検出器(ここでは符号32a、32b、32cの3つ)によって検出する構成であってもよい。波長選択素子31a、31b、31cには、特定の波長域の光のみを反射し、それ以外の光を透過するダイクロイックミラー等を使用すればよい。また、蛍光検出器32a、32b、32cには、PD(Photo diode)、CCD(Charge Coupled Device)又はPMT(Photo-Multiplier Tube)などを使用することができる。なお、波長選択素子及び蛍光検出器の組み合わせはここで示した3つに限られず、1又は2以上とできる。
上述の実施形態に係る微小粒子測定装置では、S偏光検出器51として4分割フォトダイオードを用い、非点収差を生じたS偏光成分5の偏光検出器51の受光面における結像パターン(受光位置)を微小粒子Pの位置情報として取得する例を説明した。本技術に係る微小粒子測定装置では、高速カメラを用いて、流路Cを通流する微小粒子Pを直接撮影し、画像処理によって微小粒子Pの位置情報を取得することも考えられる。
本技術に係るラミナーフローモニタリング方法は、上述の微小粒子測定装置の判定部によって実行される処理に対応するものである。また、微小粒子測定装置の判定部には、この方法を実行するためのラミナーフローモニタリングプログラムが格納されている。
(1)ラミナーフローに光を照射する照射手順と、前記ラミナーフローから発生する散乱光から分離され、非点収差を与えられたS偏光成分を検出器により受光し、該検出器における前記S偏光成分の受光位置情報を取得する位置検出手順と、前記受光位置情報に基づいて、前記ラミナーフローの状態を判定する判定手順と、を含む微小粒子測定装置におけるラミナーフローモニタリング方法。
(2)前記位置検出手順において、前記検出器として、受光面が複数領域に分割された検出器を用いる上記(1)記載のラミナーフローモニタリング方法。
(3)前記位置検出手順において、前記検出器として、受光面が領域A、領域B、領域C、領域Dの4つの領域に格子状に分割された検出器を用い、前記受光位置情報として、前記領域Aと、前記領域Aに隣接しない前記領域Cと、の検出値の差分Δ1(A-C)を取得する上記(2)記載のラミナーフローモニタリング方法。
(4)前記受光位置情報として、前記領域Aと前記領域Cの検出値の和(A+C)と、前記領域Bと前記領域Dの検出値の和(B+D)と、の差分Δ2((A+C)-(B+D))を取得する上記(3)記載のラミナーフローモニタリング方法。
(5)前記判定手順において、前記差分Δ1及び/又は前・BR>L差分Δ2に基づいて、前記ラミナーフローの状態を判定する上記(4)記載のラミナーフローモニタリング方法。
(6)前記判定手順において、前記差分Δ1及び/又は前記差分Δ2が所定範囲を外れた場合に前記ラミナーフローを異常と判定し、前記差分Δ1及び/又は前記差分Δ2が前記所定範囲内に含まれる場合に前記ラミナーフローを正常と判定する上記(4)又は(5)記載のラミナーフローモニタリング方法。
(7)前記判定手順において、前記所定範囲外れた前記差分Δ1及び/又は前記差分Δ2の取得頻度が所定頻度を超えた場合に、前記ラミナーフローを異常と判定する上記(4)~(6)のいずれかに記載のラミナーフローモニタリング方法。
(8)前記位置検出手順において、前記検出器として、4分割フォトダイオードを用いる上記(2)~(7)のいずれかに記載のラミナーフローモニタリング方法。
(10)ラミナーフローに光を照射する光照射部と、前記ラミナーフローから発生する散乱光をS偏光成分とP偏光成分とに分離する第一分光素子と、前記S偏光成分を受光するS偏光検出器と、前記第一分光素子と前記S偏光検出器との間に配設され、前記S偏光成分に非点収差を与える非点収差素子と、前記S偏光検出器からの出力を受けて前記S偏光成分の受光位置情報を取得し、該受光位置情報に基づいて前記ラミナーフローの状態を判定する判定部と、を備える微小粒子測定装置。
(11)前記S偏光検出器は、受光面が領域A、領域B、領域C、領域Dの4つの領域に格子状に分割され、前記判定部は、前記受光位置情報として、前記領域Aと、前記領域Aに隣接しない前記領域Cと、の検出値の差分Δ1(A-C)を取得する上記(10)記載の微小粒子測定装置。
(12)前記判定部は、前記受光位置情報として、前記領域Aと前記領域Cの検出値の和(A+C)と、前記領域Bと前記領域Dの検出値の和(B+D)と、の差分Δ2((A+C)-(B+D))を取得する上記(11)記載の微小粒子測定装置。
(13)前記判定部は、前記差分Δ1及び/又は前記差分Δ2に基づいて、前記ラミナーフローの状態を判定する上記(12)記載の微小粒子測定装置。
(14)前記判定部は、前記差分Δ1及び/又は前記差分Δ2が所定範囲を外れた場合に前記ラミナーフローを異常と判定し、前記差分Δ1及び/又は前記差分Δ2が前記所定範囲内に含まれる場合に前記ラミナーフローを正常と判定する上記(12)又は(13)記載の微小粒子測定装置。
(15)出力部を備え、前記差分Δ1及び/又は前記差分Δ2に関する情報を前記出力部に画像表示する上記(12)~(14)のいずれかに記載の微小粒子測定装置。
(16)前記判定部による前記ラミナーフローの異常判定を前記出力部により提示する上記(14)又は(15)記載の微小粒子測定装置。
(17)前記判定部により前記ラミナーフローの異常が判定された場合、自動停止する上記(14)~(16)のいずれかに記載の微小粒子測定装置。
(18)前記非点収差素子がシリンドリカルレンズである上記(10)~(17)のいずれかに記載の微小粒子測定装置。
(19)前記ラミナーフローから発生する光を前記散乱光と蛍光に分離する第二分光素子と、前記P偏光成分を検出するP偏光検出器と、前記蛍光を検出する蛍光検出器と、を備える上記(10)~(18)のいずれかに記載の微小粒子測定装置。
(20)前記蛍光を分光する第三分光素子を備え、前記蛍光検出器には、前記第三分光素子により分光された前記蛍光を検出する、複数の独立した受光素子が配列されている上記(10)~(19)のいずれかに記載の微小粒子測定装置。
Claims (20)
- ラミナーフローに光を照射する照射手順と、
前記ラミナーフローから発生する散乱光から分離され、非点収差を与えられたS偏光成分を検出器により受光し、該検出器における前記S偏光成分の受光位置情報を取得する位置検出手順と、
前記受光位置情報に基づいて、前記ラミナーフローの状態を判定する判定手順と、
を含む微小粒子測定装置におけるラミナーフローモニタリング方法。 - 前記位置検出手順において、前記検出器として、受光面が複数領域に分割された検出器を用いる請求項1記載のラミナーフローモニタリング方法。
- 前記位置検出手順において、前記検出器として、受光面が領域A、領域B、領域C、領域Dの4つの領域に格子状に分割された検出器を用い、
前記受光位置情報として、前記領域Aと、前記領域Aに隣接しない前記領域Cと、の検出値の差分Δ1(A-C)を取得する請求項2記載のラミナーフローモニタリング方法。 - 前記受光位置情報として、前記領域Aと前記領域Cの検出値の和(A+C)と、前記領域Bと前記領域Dの検出値の和(B+D)と、の差分Δ2((A+C)-(B+D))を取得する請求項3記載のラミナーフローモニタリング方法。
- 前記判定手順において、前記差分Δ1及び/又は前記差分Δ2に基づいて、前記ラミナーフローの状態を判定する請求項4記載のラミナーフローモニタリング方法。
- 前記判定手順において、前記差分Δ1及び/又は前記差分Δ2が所定範囲を外れた場合に前記ラミナーフローを異常と判定し、前記差分Δ1及び/又は前記差分Δ2が前記所定範囲内に含まれる場合に前記ラミナーフローを正常と判定する請求項5記載のラミナーフローモニタリング方法。
- 前記判定手順において、前記所定範囲を外れた前記差分Δ1及び/又は前記差分Δ2の取得頻度が所定頻度を超えた場合に、前記ラミナーフローを異常と判定する請求項6記載のラミナーフローモニタリング方法。
- 前記位置検出手順において、前記検出器として、4分割フォトダイオードを用いる請求項7記載のラミナーフローモニタリング方法。
- 微小粒子を含む前記ラミナーフローから発生する光を検出する光検出手順と、
該光検出手順において取得された前記光の強度情報に基づき、前記微小粒子の光学特性の
分析結果を得る解析手順と、を含み、
請求項6~8のいずれか一項に記載のラミナーフローモニタリング方法を実施する手順と、を含み、
前記解析手順において、前記ラミナーフローが正常と判定された間に取得された前記強度情報のみを抽出して前記分析結果を得る微小粒子分析方法。 - ラミナーフローに光を照射する光照射部と、
前記ラミナーフローから発生する散乱光をS偏光成分とP偏光成分とに分離する第一分光素子と、
前記S偏光成分を受光するS偏光検出器と、
前記第一分光素子と前記S偏光検出器との間に配設され、前記S偏光成分に非点収差を与える非点収差素子と、
前記S偏光検出器からの出力を受けて前記S偏光成分の受光位置情報を取得し、該受光位置情報に基づいて前記ラミナーフローの状態を判定する判定部と、
を備える微小粒子測定装置。 - 前記S偏光検出器は、受光面が領域A、領域B、領域C、領域Dの4つの領域に格子状に分割され、
前記判定部は、前記受光位置情報として、前記領域Aと、前記領域Aに隣接しない前記領域Cと、の検出値の差分Δ1(A-C)を取得する請求項10記載の微小粒子測定装置。 - 前記判定部は、前記受光位置情報として、前記領域Aと前記領域Cの検出値の和(A+C)と、前記領域Bと前記領域Dの検出値の和(B+D)と、の差分Δ2((A+C)-(B+D))を取得する請求項11記載の微小粒子測定装置。
- 前記判定部は、前記差分Δ1及び/又は前記差分Δ2に基づいて、前記ラミナーフローの状態を判定する請求項12記載の微小粒子測定装置。
- 前記判定部は、前記差分Δ1及び/又は前記差分Δ2が所定範囲を外れた場合に前記ラミナーフローを異常と判定し、前記差分Δ1及び/又は前記差分Δ2が前記所定範囲内に含まれる場合に前記ラミナーフローを正常と判定する請求項13記載の微小粒子測定装置。
- 出力部を備え、
前記差分Δ1及び/又は前記差分Δ2に関する情報を前記出力部に画像表示する請求項14記載の微小粒子測定装置。 - 前記判定部による前記ラミナーフローの異常判定を前記出力部により提示する請求項15記載の微小粒子測定装置。
- 前記判定部により前記ラミナーフローの異常が判定された場合、自動停止する請求項16記載の微小粒子測定装置。
- 前記非点収差素子がシリンドリカルレンズである請求項17記載の微小粒子測定装置。
- 前記ラミナーフローから発生する光を前記散乱光と蛍光に分離する第二分光素子と、
前記P偏光成分を検出するP偏光検出器と、
前記蛍光を検出する蛍光検出器と、
を備える請求項18記載の微小粒子測定装置。 - 前記蛍光を分光する第三分光素子を備え、
前記蛍光検出器には、前記第三分光素子により分光された前記蛍光を検出する、複数の独立した受光素子が配列されている請求項19記載の微小粒子測定装置。
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EP2884257A4 (en) | 2016-03-30 |
JP6274104B2 (ja) | 2018-02-07 |
CN104508455A (zh) | 2015-04-08 |
US9417173B2 (en) | 2016-08-16 |
EP2884257B1 (en) | 2019-11-13 |
JPWO2014024556A1 (ja) | 2016-07-25 |
CN104508455B (zh) | 2017-10-03 |
EP2884257A1 (en) | 2015-06-17 |
US20150177113A1 (en) | 2015-06-25 |
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