WO2014015490A1 - Combined ray non-destructive testing method and system - Google Patents
Combined ray non-destructive testing method and system Download PDFInfo
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- WO2014015490A1 WO2014015490A1 PCT/CN2012/079167 CN2012079167W WO2014015490A1 WO 2014015490 A1 WO2014015490 A1 WO 2014015490A1 CN 2012079167 W CN2012079167 W CN 2012079167W WO 2014015490 A1 WO2014015490 A1 WO 2014015490A1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N23/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00
- G01N23/02—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00 by transmitting the radiation through the material
- G01N23/06—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00 by transmitting the radiation through the material and measuring the absorption
- G01N23/083—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00 by transmitting the radiation through the material and measuring the absorption the radiation being X-rays
- G01N23/087—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00 by transmitting the radiation through the material and measuring the absorption the radiation being X-rays using polyenergetic X-rays
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N23/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00
- G01N23/02—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00 by transmitting the radiation through the material
- G01N23/04—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00 by transmitting the radiation through the material and forming images of the material
Definitions
- the invention relates to a combined radiation non-destructive testing method and system, in particular to a gamma ray source and an X ray source, and a line array detector and an area array detector, which can be combined in a plurality of ray source-detector combinations.
- Combined ray non-destructive testing method and system for high-precision DR/CT radiation imaging detection of workpieces belongs to the field of ray non-destructive testing technology and can be applied to fine non-destructive testing in the fields of national defense, aerospace, industry and scientific research.
- DR Digital Radiography
- CT Computer Tomography
- the ray nondestructive testing system is divided into high energy systems and medium and low energy systems.
- High-energy systems typically use X-ray accelerators as ray sources
- low- and medium-energy systems typically use X-ray machines or radioisotopes as ray sources.
- the ray energy is different, the intensity is different, the target size is different, and the output stability is different, which results in different detection indexes such as the thickness range of the detected workpiece and the defect resolution capability.
- there are many types of detectors for radiation imaging such as detection efficiency, detection sensitivity, pixel size, imaging speed, radiation resistance, and environmental adaptability.
- the detection performance is also closely related to the incident ray energy.
- the signal response characteristics of ⁇ / ⁇ rays of different energy segments are significantly different, and the radiation of a certain energy segment is not suitable, but Another energy segment may be ideal.
- a common feature of the radiation non-destructive testing system disclosed in the prior art is that only one type of ray source and one type of detector are usually used, that is, the ray source alone uses an X-ray machine, an X-ray illuminator or a ⁇ -ray source.
- the detector uses only one of the area array detector and the line array detector. It is difficult to obtain multiple energy segments and high stability at the same time.
- the advantages of different types of detectors are difficult to fully exert, and the defect resolution capability is limited. It is difficult to obtain a wide-energy range detection effect, and its limitations and deficiencies are described as follows:
- the ray energy range is narrow, and the object suitable for detection is limited. In general, the higher the ray energy, the stronger the penetration ability, but the higher ray energy does not necessarily lead to higher detection accuracy. Low ray energy will result in insufficient penetrating power; ray energy is too high, and penetration ability is enhanced, but the ray attenuation is too small, which will reduce the contrast sensitivity of the imaging system and affect the imaging quality. For different sizes of workpieces and different sizes of defects in the workpiece, it is necessary to use different energy ray detection, or, for a certain energy ray, there is an optimum thickness measurement range.
- the optimum detection thickness of a 450kV X-ray machine is about 2.3cm equivalent iron thickness
- the optimum detection thickness of a ⁇ )-60 ⁇ -ray source is about 4.7cm equivalent iron thickness, and the best detection thickness of a 15MeV X-ray accelerator.
- Detection systems using different sources can achieve the highest detection accuracy in the vicinity of their optimum detection thickness, and the detection effect is the best, and the deviation from this range will reduce the detection capability. Therefore, the detection system using a single ray source is limited by the ray energy range, and the range of objects suitable for detection is narrow, and the defect resolution capability is limited. This is also an important reason why industrial CT systems often need to be customized according to the detection object.
- any kind of radiation source has its advantages and disadvantages for radiation imaging.
- the specific performances are as follows: (i) The X-ray machine source has a small focus size. The radiation intensity is high, and high spatial resolution can be achieved, but the ray energy is low, the energy spectrum is continuous spectrum, the penetration ability is not strong, and the beam hardening is problematic, and the workpiece with small mass thickness is well detected. The effect, but the requirement for fine quantitative detection is difficult to meet the requirements of large thickness, high stability, and the size of the defect; (ii) X-ray accelerator has high ray energy, high strength, and can penetrate thicker workpieces.
- the target is large, the spatial distribution of ray intensity and energy is large, the forward momentum is large, and the X-ray output stability is poor, and the energy spectrum is also a continuous spectrum.
- the same beam hardening problem can be detected, and the mass thickness can be detected.
- Workpieces but spatial resolution, detection sensitivity, and measurement stability are all limited.
- the X-ray beam angle of the accelerator is small, to detect a large-sized workpiece, the space occupied by the detection system is large, the mechanical structure is also complicated, and the radiation protection requirements are also high; ( ⁇ ) ⁇ -ray source, For example, Co-60, whose ray intensity is gradually weakened by a fixed half-life, is determined and calculatable at any time.
- the spatial distribution of its intensity is isotropic, and the gamma ray produced is 1.17 MeV and 1.33 MeV.
- ⁇ ray basically no radiation hardening problem, strong penetrating ability, equivalent to 4MeV accelerator, and especially suitable for detecting small changes in mass thickness of workpieces in a long period of time, but also there are large target sizes of radiation sources, ray intensity Lower deficiencies.
- the use of any of these sources alone has its limitations, if used in combination, in particular by combining a gamma source such as Co-60 with an X-ray machine. With it, it can make up for their own shortcomings, so that the combined detection system can achieve maximum performance.
- the technical problem to be solved by the invention is to overcome the deficiencies of the existing radiation imaging detection system using a single ray source and a single detector working mode, and realize multi-energy segment and multi-mode combined detection of the workpiece on an integrated miniaturized system. To meet the detection requirements of high detection resolution, high detection sensitivity, strong radiation penetration and good long-term stability.
- the present invention provides a combined radiation non-destructive testing method, and a combined radiation non-destructive testing system using the same, the method and system comprising a gamma ray source and an X ray source, and a line Multi-energy segment, multi-detection mode, high resolution, high precision, high stability on a combined ray non-destructive testing system of array detectors and area array detectors through various combinations of different ray sources and different detectors Non-destructive testing of DR/CT rays.
- the combined radiation non-destructive testing method of the present invention is specifically: Rays through the workpiece, and converted into a digital signal and then process the signals, obtained using a workpiece detector containing solid line; Jog detector array detector, gas detector line ⁇ ⁇ array probe's surface, by switching different
- the radiation source and the detector comprise different detection units for performing DR scanning imaging or tomographic CT imaging or cone beam CT imaging of the workpiece; the combined radiation source and combined detector, and the workpiece turntable are mounted on the same rigid base on.
- the ray outlet of the combined ray source is provided with a front collimator that collimates the ray into a fan beam or a cone beam
- the ray entrance of the combined detector is provided with a rear collimator
- the injecting detector is a solid line array detector or a gas line array detector
- the rear collimator collimates the beam into a small beam of light corresponding to the height and quantity of the detector unit, and the collimation slit width is less than The width of the detector unit; when performing DR imaging, the rear collimator can peristalize along the width direction of the detector unit, and acquire a set of projection data once per peristal motion, and the distance per peristalsis is the collimation slit width.
- a combined radiation non-destructive testing system using the above method comprises: a rigid base on which a radiation source bracket, a workpiece turntable, and a detector bracket are arranged in sequence;
- the radiation source bracket is provided with a gamma ray source and a combined radiation source of an X-ray source, and a switching mechanism for moving different radiation sources in the combined radiation source into a working position, and a mechanism for up-and-down, front-rear, left-right, and rotational operations on the moved radiation source;
- a combined detector including a solid line array detector, a gas line array detector and an area array detector, and a switching mechanism for moving different detectors in the combined detector into the working position, and The detector performs upper and lower, front, back, left and right and rotation operations;
- the radiation source bracket is provided with a front collimator capable of collimating the radiation output from the radiation source into a fan beam or a cone beam, and the detector bracket is provided with a pair of rays a post collimator for further
- the width of the collimating slit is 1/2, 1/3 or 1/4 of the width of the detector unit.
- the gamma ray source is a Co-60, Cs-137 or Ir-192 radioisotope gamma ray source.
- the X-ray source is a small focus X-ray machine, a micro focus X-ray machine, and/or an X-ray line accelerator.
- the area array detector is an amorphous silicon, amorphous selenium or CMOS area array detector.
- the gas line array detector is a gas-filled ionization chamber, a multi-wire proportional chamber or a Geiger count pipeline array detector.
- the solid line array detector is a solid scintillator line array detector or a semiconductor line array detector.
- the scintillator of the solid scintillator linear array detector is Nal, Csl, CdW0 4 , LaBr 3 or LaCl 3 .
- the multi-energy segment, multi-mode and high-precision combined radiation non-destructive testing method and system of the invention have good detection effect on the workpiece to be inspected and its internal defects, and can achieve high spatial resolution and density resolution.
- the rate can also detect the small mass thickness variation of the internal region of interest of the workpiece over a long period of time.
- the detection system of the invention has a wide range of energy sources, and can include medium and high energy gamma ray sources (radiation energy from several hundred keV to several thousand keV), and medium and low energy X-ray sources (radiation energy from tens of keV to several Hundred keV), can comprehensively utilize the advantages of multi-energy segments and different attribute rayes, and is suitable for detecting workpieces with a larger thickness range, which can achieve more powerful functions and achieve a combination of solid line array detectors, forming different ray sources - detection
- the device detection unit can perform fast three-dimensional cone beam CT stereo imaging detection with different resolutions, or perform two-dimensional scanning DR or two-dimensional tomographic CT fine non-destructive detection on key areas, and fully utilize the advantages of various imaging detectors; Different kinds of ray sources and different types of detectors are integrated into one whole through clever structural design.
- the detection system of the invention has the advantages of compact structure, small volume, small floor space, strong adaptability to the thickness, shape and size of the workpiece, high defect detection precision, powerful function and high cost performance, and is particularly suitable for detecting objects with large differences and detection requirements.
- High application sites can meet a variety of high-precision and complex inspection requirements in the defense, aerospace, industrial and scientific research sectors.
- Figure 1 is a perspective view of a combined radiation non-destructive testing system of the present invention.
- Figure 2 is a structural view of the collimator slot of the line detector and the collimator of the rear collimator, and a partial enlarged view of the creep direction of the rear collimator.
- Figure 3 is a side cross-sectional view of the gamma ray source. detailed description
- the combined radiation non-destructive testing system of the present invention comprises: a pedestal 5 and a horn 14 at the bottom thereof; a ray source holder 10 and a detector holder 1 vertically fixed on the pedestal; a source frame 12 that is raised or lowered and positioned and positioned; a detector frame 7 that can be lifted or translated and positioned along the detector holder 1; an X-ray source 9 and a gamma-ray source 13 fixed to the source frame 12; An area array detector 6, a solid line array detector 2 and a gas line array detector 4 on the detector frame 7, a workpiece turntable 15 and a workpiece holder 8 thereon; and a front collimator 11 of the radiation source and Rear collimator 3 of the line detector.
- the workpiece turret 15 can be rotated and raised, or can be translated in parallel or perpendicular to the direction in which the source is connected to the detector.
- the source and detector can be moved up or down with their respective racks and positioned to the specified position.
- the X-ray source 9 and the ray exit of the gamma ray source 13 are respectively provided with a front collimator 11 made of a lead alloy, a tungsten alloy or a depleted uranium material, and a horizontal horn slit is provided inside the front collimator 11
- the square taper opening can be switched by horizontal shifting, and the ray is collimated into a fan beam or a square cone beam, which are used for line array detector or area array detector imaging, respectively.
- the back line collimator 3 is respectively mounted on the ray entrance sides of the solid line array detector 2 and the gas line array detector 4 for further collimating the fan-shaped rays entering the line array detector to correspond to the detector unit.
- the square-shaped area other than the active area of the area array detector 6 ie, the square area composed of the sensitive material for detecting X or ⁇ -rays
- the base 5 is made of a monolithic cast iron, stone or steel frame that provides both rigid support and shock absorption as well as a reference surface for the entire inspection system installation and adjustment.
- the horn 14 is used to adjust the pedestal 5 to a horizontal state, typically 4, 6, or 8, distributed in the middle of the four corners or four sides of the lower surface of the pedestal 5.
- the detection system of the invention comprises an area array detector and a line array detector, respectively, and an X-ray Combination of line source or gamma ray source for DR imaging and CT imaging, its working modes include: Area Array Detector DR Imaging: Lift or translate selected ray source and area array detectors to a set position, so that the source center and The center of the area array detector is located at the same horizontal plane, and the workpiece is completely contained in the imaging area of the area array detector; the front collimator is horizontally displaced to the position of the tapered opening, and the source shutter is opened, and the radiation passes through the front collimator 11 The straight cone beam is received by the area array detector 6 after penetrating the workpiece to obtain a two-dimensional DR projection image.
- Array detector CT imaging lifting or translating selected ray source and area array detectors to a set position, so that the center of the ray source and the center of the area array detector are at the same horizontal plane, and the workpiece is completely contained in the imaging area of the area array detector.
- the front collimator is horizontally displaced to the conical opening position, the ray source shutter is opened, the workpiece turret is rotated 360 degrees at the set rotation speed, and one frame of projection image is acquired every one step, and all projection data is acquired.
- a three-dimensional cone beam CT image of the workpiece is obtained.
- Line Array Detector DR imaging can be achieved in two ways:
- the gas line array detector or the solid line array detector has a circular arc structure and is composed of a plurality of detector units 21, and the detector unit 21 faces the end face of the radiation source (ie, the ray entrance window) along the first
- the circular arc lines 24 are evenly arranged closely.
- the first circular arc line 24 is centered on the source of the radiation source (ie, the target of the X-ray source or the source of the gamma ray source), and the distance from the ray entrance window to the source of the ray source is a radius.
- the height and width of the detector unit 21 refer to the ray entrance window.
- the height and width, the product of the width and height is the pixel value of the line detector.
- the number of detector units 21 is such that the length of the first circular arc line 24 formed by the ray entrance window and the sector formed by the source of the ray source can cover each section to be detected of the workpiece to be inspected, and preferably 8 Integer multiple.
- the width of the ray entrance window of each detector unit 21 in the direction of the arc should meet the detection resolution requirements of the detection system of the present invention.
- the center line of the length direction of each detector unit 21 i.e., parallel to the direction of the ray is directed to the source of the source.
- the rear collimator 3 of the line array detector is also a circular arc-shaped structure, and the second circular arc line 25 is also centered on the source of the ray source, and its radius is slightly smaller than the radius of the first circular arc line 24.
- the rear collimator 3 is a spacer 23 made of a rectangular tungsten alloy sheet uniformly arranged in parallel along the second circular arc line 25, and is used for accurately fixing the spacer 23, made of copper or a lead alloy or a tungsten alloy.
- Two parallel plywoods (not shown in Fig. 2) are constructed.
- a plurality of collimating slits 22 are formed between the spacer 23 and the splint to further collimate the rays before entering the detector into a plurality of small beams.
- the height of the collimating slit 22 is the distance between the two splints, and the width is the distance between the adjacent two sheets of the separator 23.
- the height of the collimating slit 22 is equal to or slightly larger than the height of the detector unit 21, and the width is 1/2, 1/3 or 1/4 of the width of the detector unit 21, and the number is the same as the number of the detector units 21.
- the rear collimator 3 can wriggle in both directions along the second circular arc line 25, and a set of projection data is acquired every time the peristalsis is performed, and the distance per peristaltic motion is the width of the collimating slit 22.
- the spatial resolution of the DR imaging is 1/2, 1/3 or 1/4 of the width of the detector unit 21, which further improves the detection resolution of the detection system of the present invention.
- Line Array CT Imaging Lift the selected source and line detector to the set position so that the center of the source and the center of the line detector are at the same horizontal plane (detection surface), and the workpiece turret 15 is raised to the set position.
- the part to be inspected of the workpiece is located on the detection plane; the front collimator is displaced to the slit position, the radiation source is turned on, the workpiece turntable 15 is rotated 360 degrees at the set rotation speed, and a set of projection data is acquired every time a constant angle is rotated, all After the data acquisition is completed, data processing and image reconstruction are performed to obtain a CT tomographic image of the detected part of the workpiece to be tested.
- the gamma ray source includes a shield 36 made of a lead alloy, a tungsten alloy or depleted uranium having a ray inlet 37 and a ray outlet 38 therein; one of which can be in the shield 36
- the relatively rotating rotary shutter 35 has its axis of rotation horizontally disposed with its interior selectively illuminating the radiation inlet 37 and the ray outlet 38 in the shield 36 as it rotates Or a disconnected connecting passage 39, which is flared from the ray inlet 37 to the ray outlet 38, and together with the ray inlet 37 and the ray outlet 38 of the shield 36 form a ray-shaped ray channel.
- the gamma ray is fanned or cone shaped; and a source 34 is located at the beginning of the ray inlet 37.
- the invention organically integrates the X-ray source and the ⁇ -ray source into an integrated miniaturized detection system, and the different radiation sources and detectors can be combined by the lifting or translating of the radiation source and the detector to form up to two There are more than a dozen detection modes, and different detection modes are suitable for detecting defects of different objects, types and sizes, and satisfying different detection requirements.
- the 450kV X-ray machine has a small target point (up to 0.4mm) and high radiation intensity (the dose rate at 1 meter from the target point can reach several hundred mGy/ Min ), for workpieces with equivalent mass thickness less than 60mm iron, high spatial resolution can be achieved (for example, up to 4.41p/mm with area array detectors);
- Co-60 gamma ray source has high ray energy (average energy) 1.25MeV), its ray penetration ability is equivalent to that of 4MeV accelerator. It is suitable for detecting workpieces with equivalent mass thickness of 30 ⁇ 130mm iron, which can achieve density resolution of 0.1%.
- ⁇ -ray source ray output intensity stability It can also be used with ⁇ -ray source ray output intensity stability. The distance between any two points inside the workpiece is measured, and a small change in the mass thickness of any local area inside the workpiece over a long period of time is detected. If you choose a microfocus X-ray machine, you can increase the detection resolution of your system to the order of a few microns.
- a Co-60 ⁇ -ray source and a 450 keV small-focus X-ray machine are used.
- the detector uses an area array detector, a scintillator solid line array detector and a gas-filled ion chamber gas line array detector.
- the Co-60 source used was about 3.7 TBq (100 Curie)
- the 450 keV X-ray machine had a focus size of 0.4 mm
- the maximum tube current was 3.3 mA.
- the imaging area of the area array detector is 409.6 ⁇ 409.6mm 2
- the pixel size is 0.2 x 0.2mm 2
- the solid line array detector uses CdW0 4 crystal as the scintillator.
- the pixel size is 0.4 X 5 X 30mm 3 0 gas line array detector is inflated. Ionization chamber, with helium as working medium, inflation pressure 3.5MPa.
- the gamma ray source shielding container and the front and rear collimators are each made of a tungsten alloy having a density greater than 18 g/cm 3 . Lifting of the source and detector racks or The position measurement is realized by a rotary encoder and a grating scale, and the repeat positioning accuracy is less than ⁇ ; the minimum rotation step of the workpiece turntable is 15 ⁇ , and the repeat positioning accuracy is less than 2 ⁇ .
- the overall size of the entire inspection system is 2.5m 1.8m 2.2m (length x width x height) and weighs about 5 tons.
- the detection of the small gap change of the gap and the thickness of the mass and the detection task such as the bubble detection are decomposed, and the detection system of different parameters and different detection methods are completed.
- the "Co-60 source + large pixel gas line array detector DR scanning imaging" method is used to detect the small gap change of the workpiece stop gap and the mass thickness.
- the large pixel detector has a strong output signal and small statistical fluctuations, which is conducive to the detection of mass thickness variations.
- Co-60 source ray intensity can be stable for a long time, the cylinder is easy to operate, and the reliability is high.
- the gas detector has small leakage current, high stability, low temperature drift and radiation resistance.
- the combination of the two DR scanning systems has high measurement accuracy and stable performance for a long time, which is very suitable for the detection of small gaps in the gap and mass thickness.
- the internal bubble detection of the workpiece is realized by the "X-ray machine + small pixel solid line array detector CT tomography" method.
- CT tomography can obtain the density distribution of the object to be examined, can detect fine defects, and can accurately locate the defects, which is the best means to detect bubbling and falling off.
- the detection system of this embodiment uses two kinds of radiation sources (Co-60 and 450kV X-ray machines) and three kinds of detectors (small pixel solid line array detector, large pixel gas line array detector and micro pixel area array detector). , combined to take full advantage of the advantages of different sources and different detectors to better meet the testing requirements.
- the X-ray machine has high radiation intensity and small source focus size, which is beneficial to improve the resolution of the imaging system.
- Cobalt-60 source has good single-energy, no beam hardening problem, and high ray energy and stronger penetrating ability, which can detect objects with higher mass and thickness.
- the small pixel solid line array detector can better shield the scattered lines, and the detection efficiency is higher, and a clearer image can be obtained.
- the micro pixel area array detector has smaller pixel size, can achieve higher spatial resolution, and has one scan. A three-dimensional image of the object is obtained, and the imaging is faster.
- the above two kinds of ray sources and three kinds of detectors are integrated into the same detection platform, and the upper and lower shift layout and the componentized and modular design mode are adopted, and the switching combination of different ray sources and different detectors is realized, which will be different.
- the detection methods are organically combined to form a comprehensive detection system.
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RU2015106330/28A RU2598396C2 (en) | 2012-07-26 | 2012-07-26 | Method and system of combined radiation nondestructive control |
PCT/CN2012/079167 WO2014015490A1 (en) | 2012-07-26 | 2012-07-26 | Combined ray non-destructive testing method and system |
GB1501147.1A GB2519692B (en) | 2012-07-26 | 2012-07-26 | Method and system for combined ray non-destructive testing |
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CN112393697A (en) * | 2020-11-09 | 2021-02-23 | 南京市计量监督检测院 | Method for nondestructively measuring internal size of medical luer gauge |
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GB201501147D0 (en) | 2015-03-11 |
RU2015106330A (en) | 2016-09-20 |
RU2598396C2 (en) | 2016-09-27 |
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