WO2014013257A1 - Bobine à décalage de champ devant être utilisée avec un scanner à irm ouverte - Google Patents

Bobine à décalage de champ devant être utilisée avec un scanner à irm ouverte Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2014013257A1
WO2014013257A1 PCT/GB2013/051921 GB2013051921W WO2014013257A1 WO 2014013257 A1 WO2014013257 A1 WO 2014013257A1 GB 2013051921 W GB2013051921 W GB 2013051921W WO 2014013257 A1 WO2014013257 A1 WO 2014013257A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
magnetic field
coil
region
insert unit
mri scanner
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/GB2013/051921
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
David John Lurie
Gareth Reynold DAVIES
Kerrin James PINE
Original Assignee
University Court Of The University Of Aberdeen
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by University Court Of The University Of Aberdeen filed Critical University Court Of The University Of Aberdeen
Publication of WO2014013257A1 publication Critical patent/WO2014013257A1/fr

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R33/00—Arrangements or instruments for measuring magnetic variables
    • G01R33/20—Arrangements or instruments for measuring magnetic variables involving magnetic resonance
    • G01R33/28—Details of apparatus provided for in groups G01R33/44 - G01R33/64
    • G01R33/38—Systems for generation, homogenisation or stabilisation of the main or gradient magnetic field
    • G01R33/3802—Manufacture or installation of magnet assemblies; Additional hardware for transportation or installation of the magnet assembly or for providing mechanical support to components of the magnet assembly
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R33/00—Arrangements or instruments for measuring magnetic variables
    • G01R33/20—Arrangements or instruments for measuring magnetic variables involving magnetic resonance
    • G01R33/28—Details of apparatus provided for in groups G01R33/44 - G01R33/64
    • G01R33/38—Systems for generation, homogenisation or stabilisation of the main or gradient magnetic field
    • G01R33/381—Systems for generation, homogenisation or stabilisation of the main or gradient magnetic field using electromagnets
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R33/00—Arrangements or instruments for measuring magnetic variables
    • G01R33/20—Arrangements or instruments for measuring magnetic variables involving magnetic resonance
    • G01R33/28—Details of apparatus provided for in groups G01R33/44 - G01R33/64
    • G01R33/38—Systems for generation, homogenisation or stabilisation of the main or gradient magnetic field
    • G01R33/3804—Additional hardware for cooling or heating of the magnet assembly, for housing a cooled or heated part of the magnet assembly or for temperature control of the magnet assembly
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R33/00—Arrangements or instruments for measuring magnetic variables
    • G01R33/20—Arrangements or instruments for measuring magnetic variables involving magnetic resonance
    • G01R33/28—Details of apparatus provided for in groups G01R33/44 - G01R33/64
    • G01R33/38—Systems for generation, homogenisation or stabilisation of the main or gradient magnetic field
    • G01R33/3806—Open magnet assemblies for improved access to the sample, e.g. C-type or U-type magnets
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R33/00—Arrangements or instruments for measuring magnetic variables
    • G01R33/20—Arrangements or instruments for measuring magnetic variables involving magnetic resonance
    • G01R33/44—Arrangements or instruments for measuring magnetic variables involving magnetic resonance using nuclear magnetic resonance [NMR]
    • G01R33/445—MR involving a non-standard magnetic field B0, e.g. of low magnitude as in the earth's magnetic field or in nanoTesla spectroscopy, comprising a polarizing magnetic field for pre-polarisation, B0 with a temporal variation of its magnitude or direction such as field cycling of B0 or rotation of the direction of B0, or spatially inhomogeneous B0 like in fringe-field MR or in stray-field imaging
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R33/00—Arrangements or instruments for measuring magnetic variables
    • G01R33/20—Arrangements or instruments for measuring magnetic variables involving magnetic resonance
    • G01R33/44—Arrangements or instruments for measuring magnetic variables involving magnetic resonance using nuclear magnetic resonance [NMR]
    • G01R33/48—NMR imaging systems
    • G01R33/50—NMR imaging systems based on the determination of relaxation times, e.g. T1 measurement by IR sequences; T2 measurement by multiple-echo sequences

Definitions

  • the present invention concerns apparatus for use with a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scanner and in particular, a device for enabling fast field-cycling (FFC) in an open MRI scanner .
  • MRI magnetic resonance imaging
  • FFC fast field-cycling
  • MRI scanners have become widely used in the field of medical imaging.
  • a strong magnetic field is created by the magnetic coil in an MRI scanner which causes hydrogen atoms in the water molecules of a patient's body to align with the field.
  • An RF system is then used to apply a burst of weak radio waves, which results in some of the energy being absorbed, causing the hydrogen atoms to alter their alignment.
  • Tl time delay
  • the hydrogen atoms revert to their previous orientation and emit a nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) signal, which is picked up by the RF receiver part of the RF system.
  • NMR nuclear magnetic resonance
  • the Tl of a kidney is different to the Tl of a leg muscle.
  • the Tl relaxation time also differs if the tissue is diseased.
  • a brain tumour has a longer Tl than normal brain tissue. Therefore, by repeating the testing process hundreds of times over the course of a few minutes, the NMR signals can be analysed by a computer to produce a cross sectional image of the patient, with variations in Tl providing contrast between tissues.
  • Commercially available MRI scanners come in two main types, categorised by the geometry of the magnet that they employ. The first and currently most common type is a cylindrical MRI scanner in which a patient is positioned inside the bore of a cylindrical high-field superconducting magnet.
  • the cylindrical magnet is used to generate a fixed horizontal magnetic field, typically of 1.5 or 3 Tesla (T) .
  • the second type of MRI scanner is an open MRI scanner, which has an open scanning region, rather than a closed bore.
  • a common type of open MRI scanner employs a vertical magnetic field using a low to a medium field permanent or superconducting magnet.
  • Such open MRI scanners typically operate at a fixed field of 0.2-0.4T, although some units are available which operate at 1.2T.
  • open MRI scanners are preferred because their open geometry helps to reduce claustrophobia in patients, enables orthopaedic imaging in natural positions, and allows larger patients to be scanned.
  • apparatus for use with an open magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scanner, the MRI scanner for generating a primary magnetic field within its scanning region, the apparatus comprising: an insert unit comprising a magnetic coil for generating a secondary magnetic field; and a support for supporting the insert unit in an elevated position within the scanning region of the MRI scanner so that, in use, the secondary magnetic field alters the primary magnetic field for generating an altered magnetic field region.
  • MRI magnetic resonance imaging
  • the apparatus can be used in combination with an existing open MRI scanner to allow for fast field- cycling. That is, the present invention allows the insert to be positioned above a patient within the scanning region of a conventional open MRI scanner and, by controlling the power applied to the magnetic coil, the magnetic field strength within the altered magnetic field can be selectively varied. As such, the NMR measurements recorded by the RF coil within the altered magnetic field region can be taken under different field strengths. Consequently, by cycling the applied magnetic field, Tl dispersion can be analysed, for example. This analysis could not otherwise occur in a conventional MRI scanner because such a scanner is only able to provide a fixed magnetic field. Furthermore, the MRI scanner can revert back to its normal operation simply by retracting the insert from the scanning region.
  • the magnetic coil is configured so that, in use, the altered magnetic field region is projected from a surface of the insert unit. In this way, the altered magnetic field region can project into the interior of a patient for performing analysis on internal tissues.
  • the magnetic coil is configured so that the secondary magnetic field comprises a homogeneous region projected from a surface of the insert unit, in use the homogeneous region defining the altered magnetic field region. In this way, accurate Tl dispersion data can be derived .
  • the secondary magnetic field has an opposing polarity to the primary magnetic field. In this way, the magnetic field is reduced within the altered magnetic field region, allowing Tl to be tested at a reduced field strength .
  • the support comprises one or more arms. In this way, the insert can be easily located in a suspended position within the MRI scanner's scanning region.
  • the support further comprises a base, the one or more arms connecting between the base and insert unit.
  • the base further comprises counter balancing means for countering forces applied to the insert unit during a scan.
  • the counter balance acts to prevent the insert from moving during testing as a result of both its weight and the forces generated by the magnetic fields within the scanner.
  • the balancing means comprises a counterweight.
  • the support further comprises articulation means for moving the insert unit within the scanning region.
  • articulation means for moving the insert unit within the scanning region.
  • the articulation means is configured to facilitate movement of the insert unit laterally and/or vertically. In this way, scanning can be performed across and/or through a section of the patient's body.
  • the apparatus further comprises a cooling system integrated into the insert unit for cooling the magnetic coil.
  • a cooling system integrated into the insert unit for cooling the magnetic coil.
  • the support further comprises a coolant feed for feeding cooling fluid to the cooling system.
  • the apparatus can be connected to an external coolant pumping system.
  • the support further comprises an electrical feed for feeding electricity to the insert unit. In this way, power and/or control signals can be easily fed into the apparatus from an external source.
  • the insert unit further comprises an outer casing, the outer casing being formed of an insulating material. In this way, the risk of injury to the patient by contacting the magnetic coil during testing is avoided. Furthermore, the casing allows the insert to be easily cleaned.
  • the insert unit further comprises a radiofrequency (RF) system.
  • RF radiofrequency
  • RF system comprises one or more radiofrequency (RF) coils for transmitting and/or receiving electromagnetic signals.
  • RF radiofrequency
  • the RF system comprises one or more sockets for receiving one or more radiofrequency (RF) coils for transmitting and/or receiving electromagnetic signals.
  • RF radiofrequency
  • the one or more RF coils comprise a surface RF coil.
  • the one or more RF coils are positioned in a plane parallel to the planar surface of the magnetic coil .
  • the one or more RF coils are positioned so that, in use, they are located between the magnetic coil and a patient being scanned. In this way, detection of NMR signals from the altered magnetic field region is improved.
  • the RF system comprises adjustment means for adjusting the position of one or more of the RF coils relative to the magnetic coil.
  • the positioning of the one or more RF coils can be optimised depending on the operating parameters of the system to improve the delivery and receipt of NMR signals.
  • the magnetic coil is a cylindrical pancake magnetic coil.
  • a vertical secondary magnetic field can be generated having projected region with a high degree of homogeneity.
  • the pancake profile allows for a low profile insert to thereby provide sufficient space for the patient within the MRI scanner.
  • the apparatus further comprises a positioning system for indicating the location where the altered magnetic field region will be generated.
  • the support comprises a mount for connection to the open MRI scanner.
  • the MRI scanner itself acts as a counter weight base for supporting the insert.
  • the apparatus further comprises a control means for adjusting the current applied to the magnetic coil for varying the distance by which the secondary magnetic field projects from the insert.
  • a control means for adjusting the current applied to the magnetic coil for varying the distance by which the secondary magnetic field projects from the insert. In this way, by increasing the operating current, the secondary magnetic field can project further through the patient's body, allowing testing to be performed at deeper regions of the patient.
  • an add-on unit for an open MRI scanner comprising: a field offset magnetic coil for reducing at least a portion of the MRI scanner' s magnetic field when power is applied to the coil; a support for suspending the magnetic coil above a patent within the MRI scanner so that, in use, the MRI scanner's magnetic field strength within a region of the patent is reduced; and control means for cycling the power applied to the coil.
  • Figure 1 shows an FFC unit according to a first embodiment of the invention, being used in combination with an open MRI scanner;
  • Figure 2 shows a side cross-sectional schematic view of the FFC unit shown in Figure 1;
  • Figure 3 shows a cross sectional view of the FFC unit in use.
  • Figure 1 shows an FFC add-on unit according to a first embodiment of the invention, together with a patient 8 and an open MRI scanner 1.
  • the open MRI scanner 1 has a bottom section 7 which includes a patient platform and an upper section 2 which defines an opening 10 with the bottom section 7 into which a portion of the patient 8 is positioned during a scan.
  • the scanner 1 generates a vertical magnetic field in a scanning region between the bottom section 7 and the upper section 2, which passes through a portion of the patient 8 located in the opening 10.
  • an add-on unit is provided for use with permanent-magnet 59mT MRI scanner.
  • the FFC unit comprises an insert 9 supported by arms 6 which are connected via joints 5 to base 3.
  • the joints 5 are configured to allow the insert 9 to be moved both up and down, and laterally into different positions within the scanner.
  • the base 3 comprises a counterweight 4 which is used to balance the magnetic and gravitational forces applied to the insert 9 by the scanner 1.
  • the base 3 is also provided with rollers on its bottom surface which allow the entire add-on unit to moved away from the scanner 1 when not in use, thereby withdrawing the insert 9 from opening 10.
  • Figure 2 shows a side cross-sectional view of the FFC unit shown in Figure 1.
  • a circular pancake magnetic field offset coil 12 configured to generate, in use, a vertical magnetic field with a homogeneous region projected from the insert's lower surface so that it is formed beneath the insert 9.
  • the magnetic field offset coil 12 has a diameter of 38cm and a thickness of 6cm and generates a homogeneous region having a diameter of 5cm offset/projected from the bottom surface of the coil by 5cm.
  • An RF system 11 is provided on the lower surface of the insert 9 and, in this embodiment, comprises a surface RF coil transceiver.
  • the RF system 11 is configured, through the RF coil, to transmit and receive NMR signals from a volume of the patient within the homogeneous region generated by the magnetic field offset coil 12.
  • the RF coil 11 has a flat construction and is positioned between the magnetic coil 12 and the patient 8, with its RF magnetic field being substantially perpendicular to the main magnetic field generated by the scanner and parallel to the lower surface of the magnetic field offset coil 12.
  • the base 3 of the FFC unit is further provided with keyed coolant and electrical connector ports 17 and 18 which connect the unit to coolant and power/control feeds, respectively.
  • the coolant connector 17 feeds coolant through conduit 14 up through the base 3 and along the arms 6 to coolant ducts 13 provided within insert 9.
  • the coolant ducts 13 are adjacent to the magnetic coil 12 and act to maintain the coil's operating temperature.
  • Electrical connector port 18 feeds power and control signals to the magnetic field offset coil 12 and RF system 11 via connector 15 which pass up through the base 3 and along the arms 6 to insert 9.
  • the insert 9, arms 6, and base 3 are surrounded in an insulating casing for electrically insulating their components and allowing the unit to be wiped clean.
  • Figure 3 shows a cross sectional view of the FFC unit in use. As shown, a patient 8 is positioned in the scanning region of the open MRI scanner 1 defined between upper section 2 and bottom section 7. The insert 9 is also positioned in the opening 12 of the open MRI scanner 1 and above the patient 8.
  • the MRI scanner 1 is used to generate a primary magnetic field 19 over the scanning region which passes through the patient and has a generally homogeneous field strength.
  • the magnetic field offset coil 12 within insert 9 is then powered to generate a secondary magnetic field 20 having an opposing polarity to the primary magnetic field 19, thereby acting to reduce the magnetic field strength within the scanning region.
  • a region 21 having a substantially homogeneous magnetic field of a lower field strength than the primary magnetic field is generated within the patient 8.
  • the scanner's magnetic field is altered/modified since it is partially cancelled or offset by the magnetic field generated by the insert 9's magnetic coil 12.
  • different cancelling/offset field strengths can be generated.
  • Tl can be measured at different magnetic field strengths.
  • the position of the altered magnetic field region 21, and consequently the volume being analysed, can be adjusted by moving the insert unit using arms 6 at joints 5.
  • the insert 9 can be removed from opening 10 either by retracting the arms 6 or moving the entire FFC add-on unit away from the scanner. In this way, the scanner 1 can again be used for standard MRI imaging .
  • the present invention provides an apparatus which can be used with a standard, commercially available open MRI scanner to allow Tl dispersion data to be derived. As such, additional information regarding the tissues within the scanning region can be derived.
  • a standard, commercially available open MRI scanner to allow Tl dispersion data to be derived.
  • additional information regarding the tissues within the scanning region can be derived.
  • the apparatus may further comprise a positioning system for assisting the operator in positioning the insert into an optimal position for measuring Tl dispersion in the patient 8.
  • the apparatus is provided as a floor mounted unit
  • the apparatus may be supported by a mount which attaches to the MRI scanner itself.
  • Such an arrangement may also be provided with one or more moveable arms which allow the insert to be moved in and out of the scanning region. These arrangements would allow the weight of the MRI scanner to function as a counter weight for balancing the forces applied to the insert unit during operation.
  • the RF system 11 may comprise a separate transmitter coil and/or a receiver coil. Furthermore, it may also allow the position of the RF coil to be adjusted relative to the magnetic coil 12 for optimising the operating depth (i.e. the position where the transmission and reception of RF emissions is optimal) . Furthermore, rather than including integrated RF coils, the system may comprise one or more sockets for allowing different RF coils to be attached depending on their intended function, such as intended operating depth.
  • the apparatus may further comprise a device for monitoring the temperature of the insert 9. This may be linked to a control system for controlling the coolant system.
  • the apparatus may further comprise means for altering the current applied to the magnetic coil 12, in order to vary the position of the homogenous region 21 of the secondary magnetic field 20. In this way, by increasing the operating current, the homogeneous region 21 can be moved downwardly so as to perform analysis on a deeper region of the patient 8.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Condensed Matter Physics & Semiconductors (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Magnetic Resonance Imaging Apparatus (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne un appareil devant être utilisé avec un scanner à imagerie par résonance magnétique (IRM) ouverte (1). Le scanner à IRM (1) génère un champ magnétique primaire (19) à l'intérieur de sa région de balayage. L'appareil comprend une unité d'insert (9) comprenant une bobine magnétique (12) permettant de générer un champ magnétique secondaire (20) et un support (3-6) permettant de soutenir l'unité d'insert (9) dans une position élevée à l'intérieur de la région de balayage du scanner à IRM (1). Lors de l'utilisation, le champ magnétique secondaire (20) modifie le champ magnétique primaire (19) pour générer une région de champ magnétique modifié (21).
PCT/GB2013/051921 2012-07-19 2013-07-18 Bobine à décalage de champ devant être utilisée avec un scanner à irm ouverte WO2014013257A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB201212813A GB201212813D0 (en) 2012-07-19 2012-07-19 Apparatus for use with an MRI scanner
GB1212813.8 2012-07-19

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2014013257A1 true WO2014013257A1 (fr) 2014-01-23

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GB (1) GB201212813D0 (fr)
WO (1) WO2014013257A1 (fr)

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2016037025A1 (fr) * 2014-09-05 2016-03-10 Hyperfine Research, Inc. Procédés et appareil d'imagerie par résonance magnétique à champ faible
TWI619473B (zh) * 2015-06-12 2018-04-01 超精細研究股份有限公司 低場磁共振成像系統之自動組態
US10444310B2 (en) 2016-11-22 2019-10-15 Hyperfine Research, Inc. Portable magnetic resonance imaging methods and apparatus
US10539637B2 (en) 2016-11-22 2020-01-21 Hyperfine Research, Inc. Portable magnetic resonance imaging methods and apparatus
US10813564B2 (en) 2014-11-11 2020-10-27 Hyperfine Research, Inc. Low field magnetic resonance methods and apparatus
US12050256B2 (en) 2020-07-09 2024-07-30 Hyperfine Operations, Inc. Systems and methods for automated detection in magnetic resonance images

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US10145922B2 (en) 2014-09-05 2018-12-04 Hyperfine Research, Inc. Automatic configuration of a low field magnetic resonance imaging system
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US10241177B2 (en) 2014-09-05 2019-03-26 Hyperfine Research, Inc. Ferromagnetic augmentation for magnetic resonance imaging
WO2016037042A1 (fr) * 2014-09-05 2016-03-10 Hyperfine Research, Inc. Augmentation ferromagnétique pour imagerie par résonance magnétique
WO2016037025A1 (fr) * 2014-09-05 2016-03-10 Hyperfine Research, Inc. Procédés et appareil d'imagerie par résonance magnétique à champ faible
WO2016037030A1 (fr) * 2014-09-05 2016-03-10 Hyperfine Research, Inc. Configuration automatique d'un système d'imagerie à résonance magnétique à faible champ
US10495712B2 (en) 2014-09-05 2019-12-03 Hyperfine Research, Inc. Low field magnetic resonance imaging methods and apparatus
US11175364B2 (en) 2014-09-05 2021-11-16 Hyperfine, Inc. Low field magnetic resonance imaging methods and apparatus
CN112098912A (zh) * 2014-09-05 2020-12-18 海珀菲纳研究股份有限公司 用于磁共振成像的铁磁增强***及提供该***的方法
US10591564B2 (en) 2014-09-05 2020-03-17 Hyperfine Research, Inc. Automatic configuration of a low field magnetic resonance imaging system
JP2020127750A (ja) * 2014-09-05 2020-08-27 ハイパーファイン リサーチ，インコーポレイテッド 磁気共鳴映像法のための強磁性増強
CN107110932B (zh) * 2014-09-05 2020-09-01 海珀菲纳研究股份有限公司 低场磁共振成像方法和设备
CN107110933B (zh) * 2014-09-05 2020-09-04 海珀菲纳研究股份有限公司 低场磁共振成像***的自动配置
US10768255B2 (en) 2014-09-05 2020-09-08 Hyperfine Research, Inc. Automatic configuration of a low field magnetic resonance imaging system
US10813564B2 (en) 2014-11-11 2020-10-27 Hyperfine Research, Inc. Low field magnetic resonance methods and apparatus
TWI685329B (zh) * 2015-06-12 2020-02-21 美商超精細研究股份有限公司 低場磁共振成像系統之自動組態
TWI619473B (zh) * 2015-06-12 2018-04-01 超精細研究股份有限公司 低場磁共振成像系統之自動組態
US10775454B2 (en) 2016-11-22 2020-09-15 Hyperfire Research, Inc. Portable magnetic resonance imaging methods and apparatus
US10539637B2 (en) 2016-11-22 2020-01-21 Hyperfine Research, Inc. Portable magnetic resonance imaging methods and apparatus
US11366188B2 (en) 2016-11-22 2022-06-21 Hyperfine Operations, Inc. Portable magnetic resonance imaging methods and apparatus
US10444310B2 (en) 2016-11-22 2019-10-15 Hyperfine Research, Inc. Portable magnetic resonance imaging methods and apparatus
US11841408B2 (en) 2016-11-22 2023-12-12 Hyperfine Operations, Inc. Electromagnetic shielding for magnetic resonance imaging methods and apparatus
US12050256B2 (en) 2020-07-09 2024-07-30 Hyperfine Operations, Inc. Systems and methods for automated detection in magnetic resonance images

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