WO2013184074A1 - Plasma pyrolysis system and method for tyres - Google Patents
Plasma pyrolysis system and method for tyres Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2013184074A1 WO2013184074A1 PCT/SG2013/000239 SG2013000239W WO2013184074A1 WO 2013184074 A1 WO2013184074 A1 WO 2013184074A1 SG 2013000239 W SG2013000239 W SG 2013000239W WO 2013184074 A1 WO2013184074 A1 WO 2013184074A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- powder
- induction
- plasma
- syngas
- thermal processor
- Prior art date
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 39
- 238000000197 pyrolysis Methods 0.000 title description 11
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 69
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 62
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 22
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000012159 carrier gas Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000001307 helium Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052734 helium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N helium atom Chemical compound [He] SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052754 neon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- GKAOGPIIYCISHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N neon atom Chemical compound [Ne] GKAOGPIIYCISHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000010453 quartz Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000003302 ferromagnetic material Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000696 magnetic material Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910000975 Carbon steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010962 carbon steel Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen oxide Inorganic materials O=[N] MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 21
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 6
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 3
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 3
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 231100001261 hazardous Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- 239000000383 hazardous chemical Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002203 pretreatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010531 catalytic reduction reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002013 dioxins Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000012717 electrostatic precipitator Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005294 ferromagnetic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000295 fuel oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002240 furans Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000036541 health Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000001939 inductive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011368 organic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006722 reduction reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052814 silicon oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011343 solid material Substances 0.000 description 1
- XTQHKBHJIVJGKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfur monoxide Chemical class S=O XTQHKBHJIVJGKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010920 waste tyre Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
- B29B17/00—Recovery of plastics or other constituents of waste material containing plastics
- B29B17/02—Separating plastics from other materials
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B09B3/00—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J11/00—Recovery or working-up of waste materials
- C08J11/04—Recovery or working-up of waste materials of polymers
- C08J11/10—Recovery or working-up of waste materials of polymers by chemically breaking down the molecular chains of polymers or breaking of crosslinks, e.g. devulcanisation
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09C—TREATMENT OF INORGANIC MATERIALS, OTHER THAN FIBROUS FILLERS, TO ENHANCE THEIR PIGMENTING OR FILLING PROPERTIES ; PREPARATION OF CARBON BLACK ; PREPARATION OF INORGANIC MATERIALS WHICH ARE NO SINGLE CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS AND WHICH ARE MAINLY USED AS PIGMENTS OR FILLERS
- C09C1/00—Treatment of specific inorganic materials other than fibrous fillers; Preparation of carbon black
- C09C1/44—Carbon
- C09C1/48—Carbon black
- C09C1/482—Preparation from used rubber products, e.g. tyres
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09C—TREATMENT OF INORGANIC MATERIALS, OTHER THAN FIBROUS FILLERS, TO ENHANCE THEIR PIGMENTING OR FILLING PROPERTIES ; PREPARATION OF CARBON BLACK ; PREPARATION OF INORGANIC MATERIALS WHICH ARE NO SINGLE CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS AND WHICH ARE MAINLY USED AS PIGMENTS OR FILLERS
- C09C1/00—Treatment of specific inorganic materials other than fibrous fillers; Preparation of carbon black
- C09C1/44—Carbon
- C09C1/48—Carbon black
- C09C1/485—Preparation involving the use of a plasma or of an electric arc
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
- C10B19/00—Heating of coke ovens by electrical means
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
- C10B53/00—Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form
- C10B53/07—Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form of solid raw materials consisting of synthetic polymeric materials, e.g. tyres
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
- C10J3/02—Fixed-bed gasification of lump fuel
- C10J3/06—Continuous processes
- C10J3/18—Continuous processes using electricity
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10K—PURIFYING OR MODIFYING THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF COMBUSTIBLE GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE
- C10K1/00—Purifying combustible gases containing carbon monoxide
- C10K1/02—Dust removal
- C10K1/028—Dust removal by electrostatic precipitation
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
- F23G5/02—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment
- F23G5/033—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment comminuting or crushing
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
- F27D11/00—Arrangement of elements for electric heating in or on furnaces
- F27D11/06—Induction heating, i.e. in which the material being heated, or its container or elements embodied therein, form the secondary of a transformer
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
- B29B17/00—Recovery of plastics or other constituents of waste material containing plastics
- B29B17/04—Disintegrating plastics, e.g. by milling
- B29B2017/0424—Specific disintegrating techniques; devices therefor
- B29B2017/0496—Pyrolysing the materials
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
- B29K2021/00—Use of unspecified rubbers as moulding material
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
- B29K2305/00—Use of metals, their alloys or their compounds, as reinforcement
- B29K2305/08—Transition metals
- B29K2305/12—Iron
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29L—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES
- B29L2030/00—Pneumatic or solid tyres or parts thereof
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
- C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
- C10J2300/0913—Carbonaceous raw material
- C10J2300/0946—Waste, e.g. MSW, tires, glass, tar sand, peat, paper, lignite, oil shale
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
- C10J2300/12—Heating the gasifier
- C10J2300/123—Heating the gasifier by electromagnetic waves, e.g. microwaves
- C10J2300/1238—Heating the gasifier by electromagnetic waves, e.g. microwaves by plasma
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
- C10J2300/16—Integration of gasification processes with another plant or parts within the plant
- C10J2300/164—Integration of gasification processes with another plant or parts within the plant with conversion of synthesis gas
- C10J2300/1643—Conversion of synthesis gas to energy
- C10J2300/165—Conversion of synthesis gas to energy integrated with a gas turbine or gas motor
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G2201/00—Pretreatment
- F23G2201/40—Gasification
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G2204/00—Supplementary heating arrangements
- F23G2204/20—Supplementary heating arrangements using electric energy
- F23G2204/201—Plasma
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G2206/00—Waste heat recuperation
- F23G2206/20—Waste heat recuperation using the heat in association with another installation
- F23G2206/202—Waste heat recuperation using the heat in association with another installation with an internal combustion engine
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G2206/00—Waste heat recuperation
- F23G2206/20—Waste heat recuperation using the heat in association with another installation
- F23G2206/203—Waste heat recuperation using the heat in association with another installation with a power/heat generating installation
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G2209/00—Specific waste
- F23G2209/28—Plastics or rubber like materials
- F23G2209/281—Tyres
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
- F27D99/00—Subject matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass
- F27D99/0001—Heating elements or systems
- F27D99/0006—Electric heating elements or system
- F27D2099/0031—Plasma-torch heating
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E20/00—Combustion technologies with mitigation potential
- Y02E20/12—Heat utilisation in combustion or incineration of waste
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
- Y02P20/141—Feedstock
- Y02P20/143—Feedstock the feedstock being recycled material, e.g. plastics
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
- Y02W30/62—Plastics recycling; Rubber recycling
Definitions
- the invention relates to a system and method of recycling waste tyres. Specifically, the invention relates to using high energy gas flow tyre pyrolysis to convert waste tyres into energy. More specifically, the invention relates to using Radio Frequency (RF) inductive plasma heating together with Low Frequency (LF) induction heating to recycle waste tyres into useable products and electricity.
- RF Radio Frequency
- LF Low Frequency
- a first advantage of the system and method in accordance with this invention is that it converts waste tyres into useable products and electricity.
- a second advantage of the system and method in accordance with this invention is that it does not require landfill sites and converts the growing number of waste tyres into a useful product.
- a third advantage of the system and method in accordance with this invention is that pollution is reduced to virtually zero.
- the method also comprises the step of obtaining carbon black at an outlet of the induction thermal processor.
- a turbine and a generator is used to generate electricity using the syngas produced.
- the electricity generated is used to power a system to convert waste tyres into syngas.
- the powder is introduced into the powder injector via a carrier gas.
- the powder is introduced via the carrier gas into a plasma torch of the powder injector.
- the carrier gas is selected from the group comprising argon, nitrogen, neon, helium, carbon dioxide, or a mixture of two or more thereof.
- the plasma torch uses gas that is selected from the group comprising argon, nitrogen, neon, helium, carbon dioxide, or a mixture of two or more thereof.
- the method comprises a further step of setting the powder to have a particle size ranging from 100 microns to 25mm.
- the method comprises a further step of setting the powder feeder rate to the powder injector between kg per hour and 2 tonnes per hour.
- the method comprises a further step of setting the induction frequency of a LF induction coil in the induction thermal processor between 1 kHz and 500 kHz.
- the method comprises a further step of setting the temperature in the induction thermal processor between 900 degrees Centigrade and 1200 degrees Centigrade.
- a carbon black product is obtainable at an outlet of the induction thermal processor.
- the carbon black product comprises a composition of 95% carbon, 2% silicon and 3% zinc oxide by weight.
- a system for converting waste tyres into syngas and carbon black comprising
- a feeding system for feeding said powder into a powder injector
- an induction thermal processor for producing syngas and carbon black.
- the system further comprises a source of carrier gas connected to the feeding system.
- the powder injector comprises a plasma torch and an RF induction coil.
- the powder is introduced into the plasma torch of the powder injector.
- the plasma torch comprises a metal tube in which a plasma stream is created. .
- the metal tube is made of copper.
- the plasma torch comprises a quartz tube in which a plasma stream is created.
- the quartz tube is shielded by a metal shield. Even more preferably, the quartz tube is shielded by a water-cooled metal shield.
- the metal shield is made of a non-magnetic material.
- the induction thermal processor comprises a chamber and a LF induction coil.
- the chamber comprises a metal tube.
- the metal tube is made of ferromagnetic material.
- the metal tube is made of steel, preferably of stainless steel, graphite or carbon steel.
- the metal tube is coated with a ferromagnetic material.
- the metal tube is ceramic coated.
- the metal tube is graphite coated.
- the chamber is rotatable.
- the LF induction coil is rotatable.
- the longitudinal axis of the chamber is at an angle to the longitudinal axis of the powder injector.
- the longitudinal axis of the LF induction coil is at an angle to the longitudinal axis of the powder injector.
- the angle is between 0 and 90 degrees.
- the source provides the carrier gas selected from the group comprising of argon, nitrogen, neon, helium, carbon dioxide, or a mixture of two or more thereof.
- the plasma torch uses gas that is selected from the group comprising of argon, nitrogen, neon, helium, carbon dioxide, or a mixture of two or more thereof.
- the induction frequency of the LF induction coil is between 1 kHz and 500 kHz.
- the feeding system has a feeder rate of between 1 kg per hour and 2 tonnes per hour to the powder injector.
- the temperature in the induction thermal processor is between 900 degrees Centigrade and 1200 degrees Centigrade.
- the temperature in the powder injector is between 6000 degrees Centigrade and 11000 degrees Centigrade.
- the powder used in the feeding system has a particle size ranging from 100 microns to 25mm.
- a plasma reactor for converting rubber to syngas and carbon black comprising:
- a plasma jet formed by passing a plasma gas through an RF induction coil, said plasma jet positioned proximal to said inlet;
- a LF induction coil positioned proximal to said inlet but distal to said plasma jet;
- syngas and carbon black are obtained from said chamber.
- a carrier gas is introduced into the chamber using the inlet.
- Figure 1 is a flow chart of a method of converting waste tyres into synthetic gas (syngas) in accordance with a first embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is an illustrative diagram of the plasma reactor.
- the method 1 10 commences when waste tyres are fed into the system 1 12.
- a crushing and separation system 1 14 removes the steel from the waste tyres and compacts it before sending the steel to the steel mill 116.
- the remaining rubber is comminuted into a powder 1 18 through processes which are well known in the industry.
- the powder typically has particle size ranging from 100 microns to 25mm. In one embodiment, the size of the rubber powder used is between 400 microns and 600 microns.
- This rubber powder (or pulverized tyre) is then fed into a feeder which uses a carrier gas and feeds the rubber powder into a RF plasma reactor and LF induction chamber 120.
- the chamber contains the pyrolysis process and the output is mostly gaseous which is syngas, comprising predominantly of carbon monoxide and hydrogen. Carbon dioxide and long-chain hydrocarbons may also be present.
- Some output from the RF plasma and LF induction chamber is solid, which are base carbon powder and this is commonly known in the industry as carbon black.
- This carbon black is packaged for sale to industries 122, while the syngas is sent to a scrubber 124.
- the scrubber removes any sulphur oxides and nitrogen oxides and sends the syngas to the electrostatic precipitator 126, which removes any residual carbon powder.
- the syngas is then burned in a gas turbine 128, which powers an engine generator 130 to produce electricity 132, as well as exhaust gases.
- the exhaust gases are sent for selective catalytic reduction 134, which removes any nitrogen oxides from the exhaust gas before being vented through the exhaust stack.
- Engine generator systems are well known to those in the industry and include refined processes and systems to collect and remove any residual nitrogen oxide that occurs from burning the gas in the engine. This is crucial since nitrogen oxide is the only hazardous element from burning the syngas. The burning in the engine also breaks down any long-chain hydrocarbons in the exhaust gas.
- the exhaust gas that is vented through the exhaust stack will have minimal amounts of nitrogen oxides and this will have a maximum of 20 parts per million (PPM), which is so minute that it would be difficult to measure using conventional or standard measuring instruments.
- PPM parts per million
- Tests conducted have shown that the nitrogen oxides and carbon monoxide produced is 1 1 mg/NM3 and 13 mg/NM3 representing a significant reduction in nitrogen oxides and carbon monoxide produced by the existing prior art systems.
- a feeder system 210 is used to. feed the rubber powder into a powder injector 220 using a carrier gas.
- the carrier gas used to carry the rubber powder in an oxygen free environment into chamber can be argon, nitrogen, neon, helium, carbon dioxide or a mixture of any of these inert gases.
- the feed rate of the carrier gas is between 0 and 200 standard cubic feet per minute (SCFM), as aside from using carrier gas, the powder can also be fed mechanically to the chamber.
- the size of the rubber powder used is between 100 microns and 25mm, although typically, a size of 400 microns to 600 microns is used.
- the feeder has a variable rubber powder feeding rate of between 1 kg per hour and 2 tonnes per hour. One of the tested feeding rates which provided good returns was at 1 tonne per hour.
- the RF plasma heater consists of a plasma torch and an RF coil.
- the plasma torch is made up of a quartz tube in combination with a water-cooled copper shield. This metal shield can also be any non-magnetic material.
- This acts as a pre-treatment before the induction thermal processor 230.
- the plasma frequency is between 66kHz and 150MHz, while the power used is between 1 kW and 1MW.
- the gas feed rate for the plasma gas is between 0 and 10 cubic meters per hour, and the plasma gas used can be argon, nitrogen, neon, helium, carbon dioxide or a mixture of any of these inert gases.
- the pre-treatment can cause the rubber powder to partially decompose before fully decomposing in the induction thermal processor 230.
- the induction thermal processor 230 is the reaction chamber where pyrolysis takes place and the chamber can be mounted such that it can be rotated, even while gas is flowing.
- the chamber can either be mounted stationary or rotated up to l Orpm.
- the chamber can be installed at an angle or be mounted completely vertical or horizontal, depending on the user specification. There are situations that require the chamber to be mounted at an angle of between 0 to 90°, i.e. completely horizontal to completely vertical.
- One embodiment of the chamber was mounted between 10 to 15 degrees to the powder injector.
- the induction thermal processor 230 has an LF induction heater and its frequency is between 1 kHz and 500kHz while the power used is between 10kW and 5MW. In some instances, it would found the a frequency of between 1 kHz and 40kHz was suitable.
- the LF induction heater can be mounted at various positions, including inside and outside the chamber.
- the LF induction heater can also be mounted at an angle or rotated, independent of the chamber.
- the induction thermal processor chamber can be made of stainless steel or carbon steel, and it can be further coated with ceramic, graphite or any other magnetic material where induction can take place.
- the processing time in the induction thermal processor is dependent on the time required to decompose the rubber powder via pyrolysis, and the temperature in the chamber can range between 900°C and 1200°C. A convenient temperature which provided a good yield was 1000°C.
- the induction thermal processor produces exhaust gases, which is sent to the exhaust stack 240, consisting mainly of carbon monoxide and hydrogen, as well as a solid material known as carbon black.
- RF induced electrode-less plasma system is a flexible pyrolysis technique and consists of passing gas through a plasma torch combined with RF power to form a hot plasma stream. This allows different gases to be used to control the end result and also eliminates the need to shut down the reactor to replace the electrodes (since there are no electrodes needed).
- An induction heater is attached to a conduit tube which is in turn attached to the RF plasma outlet and the conduit tube is used as the susceptor for LF Induction heater.
- the tube radiates and convectively heats the matter passing through the conduit tube.
- the pyrolysis takes place in oxygen starved high heat atmosphere that does not allow dioxins, furans, and other hazardous by-products to be produced.
- the RF induced plasma can operate at extremely high temperatures ranging from 6000 to 1 1000 degrees centigrade.
- a separate LF induction heater is used in tandem with the RF plasma torch.
- the LF induction heater can be mounted after the RF plasma torch and can be mounted at an angle to the RF plasma torch to create a fluidized bath and allow the variation of rubber particle dwell time. This added dwell time breaks down any heavy oils, leaving behind long chain hydrocarbon gases that are used to increase the heating value of the syngas to produce energy from the waste tyres. Further, the LF induction heater can be rotated.
- the conduit tube can be any metal that can be inductively heated, typically made of iron or any of its alloy (due to their ferromagnetic nature), and possible materials that was tested were steel or even graphite.
- the different gas compositions from the tyre pyrolysis are affected by various factors including the reaction temperature, process dwell time, type of plasma gas and type of carrier gas. This variability of inputs provides the ability to produce a range in the parameters used during the recycling of the waste tyres.
- Waste material other than waste tyres may be processed using the method and system described above.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
- Separation, Recovery Or Treatment Of Waste Materials Containing Plastics (AREA)
Abstract
A system and method for converting waste tyres into syngas and carbon black is disclosed comprising means for comminuting rubber from waste tyres into a powder; a feeding system for feeding the powder into a powder injector, a powder injector for injecting the powder into a plasma thermal processor; and an induction thermal processor for producing syngas. The plasma thermal processor consists of a plasma torch and an RF induction coil and the induction thermal processor comprises a chamber and a LF induction coil.
Description
PLASMA PYROLYSIS SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR TYRES FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The invention relates to a system and method of recycling waste tyres. Specifically, the invention relates to using high energy gas flow tyre pyrolysis to convert waste tyres into energy. More specifically, the invention relates to using Radio Frequency (RF) inductive plasma heating together with Low Frequency (LF) induction heating to recycle waste tyres into useable products and electricity.
BACKGROUND TO THE INVENTION
The following discussion of the background to the invention is intended to facilitate an understanding of the present invention. However, it should be appreciated that the discussion is not an acknowledgment or admission that any of the material referred to was published, known or part of the common general knowledge in any jurisdiction as at the priority date of the application.
Cities and industries around the world are searching for environmentally friendly solutions to their waste tyre management problems instead of the usual methods of burning waste tyres in a furnace or increasing scrap tyre land fill sites. One proposed solution is to use pyrolysis systems, which involves the thermochemical decomposition of organic materials at elevated temperatures in the absence of oxygen (or any halogen).
The majority of current plasma pyrolysis systems use plasma arc technology which uses two electrodes, usually made of consumable carbon, which has electricity passed through them to produce hot arc plasma between them. These electrodes require frequent replacement and the electrode design is limited in its configurations and parameters. Such a method also produces health and environmental hazards through the production of waste products.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
Throughout this document, unless otherwise indicated to the contrary, the terms "comprising", "consisting of", and the like, are to be construed as non-exhaustive, or in other words, as meaning "including, but not limited to".
It would be advantageous to provide a system and method of recycling waste tyres that reduces the aforementioned problems associated with the prior art systems and makes an improvement in the art A first advantage of the system and method in accordance with this invention is that it converts waste tyres into useable products and electricity. A second advantage of the system and method in accordance with this invention is that it does not require landfill sites and converts the growing number of waste tyres into a useful product. A third advantage of the system and method in accordance with this invention is that pollution is reduced to virtually zero.
In accordance with a first aspect of the invention there is a method for converting waste tyres into syngas comprising the steps:
comminuting rubber from waste tyres into a powder;
introducing said powder into a powder injector;
injecting said powder from the powder injector into an induction thermal processor; and
obtaining syngas at an outlet of said induction thermal processor.
Preferably, the method also comprises the step of obtaining carbon black at an outlet of the induction thermal processor.
Preferably, a turbine and a generator is used to generate electricity using the syngas produced.
Preferably, the electricity generated is used to power a system to convert waste tyres into syngas.
Preferably, the powder is introduced into the powder injector via a carrier gas.
Preferably, the powder is introduced via the carrier gas into a plasma torch of the powder injector.
Preferably, the carrier gas is selected from the group comprising argon, nitrogen, neon, helium, carbon dioxide, or a mixture of two or more thereof.
Preferably, the plasma torch uses gas that is selected from the group comprising argon, nitrogen, neon, helium, carbon dioxide, or a mixture of two or more thereof.
Preferably, the method comprises a further step of setting the powder to have a particle size ranging from 100 microns to 25mm.
Preferably, the method comprises a further step of setting the powder feeder rate to the powder injector between kg per hour and 2 tonnes per hour.
Preferably, the method comprises a further step of setting the induction frequency of a LF induction coil in the induction thermal processor between 1 kHz and 500 kHz.
Preferably, the method comprises a further step of setting the temperature in the induction thermal processor between 900 degrees Centigrade and 1200 degrees Centigrade.
Preferably, a carbon black product is obtainable at an outlet of the induction thermal processor.
Preferably, the carbon black product comprises a composition of 95% carbon, 2% silicon and 3% zinc oxide by weight.
In accordance with a second aspect of the invention there is a system for converting waste tyres into syngas and carbon black comprising
means for comminuting rubber from waste tyres into a powder;
a feeding system for feeding said powder into a powder injector;
a powder injector for injecting said powder into an induction thermal processor; and
an induction thermal processor for producing syngas and carbon black.
Preferably, the system further comprises a source of carrier gas connected to the feeding system.
Preferably, the powder injector comprises a plasma torch and an RF induction coil.
Preferably, the powder is introduced into the plasma torch of the powder injector.
Preferably, the plasma torch comprises a metal tube in which a plasma stream is created. .
Preferably, the metal tube is made of copper.
More preferably, the plasma torch comprises a quartz tube in which a plasma stream is created.
Even more preferably, the quartz tube is shielded by a metal shield. Even more preferably, the quartz tube is shielded by a water-cooled metal shield.
Preferably, the metal shield is made of a non-magnetic material.
Preferably, the induction thermal processor comprises a chamber and a LF
induction coil.
Preferably, the chamber comprises a metal tube.
Preferably, the metal tube is made of ferromagnetic material.
Preferably, the metal tube is made of steel, preferably of stainless steel, graphite or carbon steel.
Preferably, the metal tube is coated with a ferromagnetic material. Preferably, the metal tube is ceramic coated. Preferably, the metal tube is graphite coated. Preferably, the chamber is rotatable.
Preferably, the LF induction coil is rotatable.
Preferably, the longitudinal axis of the chamber is at an angle to the longitudinal axis of the powder injector.
Preferably, the longitudinal axis of the LF induction coil is at an angle to the longitudinal axis of the powder injector.
Preferably, the angle is between 0 and 90 degrees.
Preferably, the source provides the carrier gas selected from the group comprising of argon, nitrogen, neon, helium, carbon dioxide, or a mixture of two or more thereof.
Preferably, the plasma torch uses gas that is selected from the group comprising of argon, nitrogen, neon, helium, carbon dioxide, or a mixture of two or more thereof.
Preferably, the induction frequency of the LF induction coil is between 1 kHz and 500 kHz.
Preferably, the feeding system has a feeder rate of between 1 kg per hour and 2 tonnes per hour to the powder injector.
Preferably, the temperature in the induction thermal processor is between 900 degrees Centigrade and 1200 degrees Centigrade.
Preferably, the temperature in the powder injector is between 6000 degrees Centigrade and 11000 degrees Centigrade.
Preferably, the powder used in the feeding system has a particle size ranging from 100 microns to 25mm.
In accordance with a third aspect of the invention there is a plasma reactor for converting rubber to syngas and carbon black comprising:
an enclosed chamber with an inlet and an outlet;
a plasma jet formed by passing a plasma gas through an RF induction coil, said plasma jet positioned proximal to said inlet; and
a LF induction coil positioned proximal to said inlet but distal to said plasma jet;
wherein syngas and carbon black are obtained from said chamber. Preferably, a carrier gas is introduced into the chamber using the inlet. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
The invention will now be described, by way of example only, with reference to
the accompanying drawings, in which:
Figure 1 is a flow chart of a method of converting waste tyres into synthetic gas (syngas) in accordance with a first embodiment of the present invention.
Figure 2 is an illustrative diagram of the plasma reactor.
PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS OF THE INVENTION
Particular embodiments of the present invention will now be described with reference to the accompany drawings. The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Additionally, unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meanings as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs.
In accordance with a first embodiment of the invention there is a method of converting waste tyres into syngas. The method 1 10 is illustrated in flow chart form in Figure 1.
As shown in Figure 1 , the method 1 10 commences when waste tyres are fed into the system 1 12. A crushing and separation system 1 14 removes the steel from the waste tyres and compacts it before sending the steel to the steel mill 116. The remaining rubber is comminuted into a powder 1 18 through processes which are well known in the industry. The powder typically has particle size ranging from 100 microns to 25mm. In one embodiment, the size of the rubber powder used is between 400 microns and 600 microns. This rubber powder (or pulverized tyre) is then fed into a feeder which uses a carrier gas and feeds the rubber powder into a RF plasma reactor and LF induction chamber 120. The chamber contains the pyrolysis process and the output is mostly gaseous which is syngas, comprising predominantly of carbon monoxide and hydrogen. Carbon dioxide and long-chain hydrocarbons may also be present. Some output from the RF plasma and LF induction chamber is solid, which are base carbon powder
and this is commonly known in the industry as carbon black. This carbon black is packaged for sale to industries 122, while the syngas is sent to a scrubber 124. The scrubber removes any sulphur oxides and nitrogen oxides and sends the syngas to the electrostatic precipitator 126, which removes any residual carbon powder. The syngas is then burned in a gas turbine 128, which powers an engine generator 130 to produce electricity 132, as well as exhaust gases. The exhaust gases are sent for selective catalytic reduction 134, which removes any nitrogen oxides from the exhaust gas before being vented through the exhaust stack.
Engine generator systems are well known to those in the industry and include refined processes and systems to collect and remove any residual nitrogen oxide that occurs from burning the gas in the engine. This is crucial since nitrogen oxide is the only hazardous element from burning the syngas. The burning in the engine also breaks down any long-chain hydrocarbons in the exhaust gas.
The exhaust gas that is vented through the exhaust stack will have minimal amounts of nitrogen oxides and this will have a maximum of 20 parts per million (PPM), which is so minute that it would be difficult to measure using conventional or standard measuring instruments. Tests conducted have shown that the nitrogen oxides and carbon monoxide produced is 1 1 mg/NM3 and 13 mg/NM3 representing a significant reduction in nitrogen oxides and carbon monoxide produced by the existing prior art systems.
Tests conducted on the carbon black obtained also indicate a very high composition of carbon comprising 95% carbon by weight. Silicon and zinc oxide comprise the remaining 2% and 3% composition by weight.
A more detailed look at the RF plasma reaction chamber is shown in Figure 2. A feeder system 210 is used to. feed the rubber powder into a powder injector 220 using a carrier gas. The carrier gas used to carry the rubber powder in an oxygen free environment into chamber can be argon, nitrogen, neon, helium, carbon dioxide or a mixture of any of these inert gases. The feed rate of the carrier gas is between 0 and 200 standard cubic feet per minute (SCFM), as aside from
using carrier gas, the powder can also be fed mechanically to the chamber. The size of the rubber powder used is between 100 microns and 25mm, although typically, a size of 400 microns to 600 microns is used. The feeder has a variable rubber powder feeding rate of between 1 kg per hour and 2 tonnes per hour. One of the tested feeding rates which provided good returns was at 1 tonne per hour.
The RF plasma heater consists of a plasma torch and an RF coil. The plasma torch is made up of a quartz tube in combination with a water-cooled copper shield. This metal shield can also be any non-magnetic material. This acts as a pre-treatment before the induction thermal processor 230. The plasma frequency is between 66kHz and 150MHz, while the power used is between 1 kW and 1MW. The gas feed rate for the plasma gas is between 0 and 10 cubic meters per hour, and the plasma gas used can be argon, nitrogen, neon, helium, carbon dioxide or a mixture of any of these inert gases. The pre-treatment can cause the rubber powder to partially decompose before fully decomposing in the induction thermal processor 230.
The induction thermal processor 230 is the reaction chamber where pyrolysis takes place and the chamber can be mounted such that it can be rotated, even while gas is flowing. The chamber can either be mounted stationary or rotated up to l Orpm. The chamber can be installed at an angle or be mounted completely vertical or horizontal, depending on the user specification. There are situations that require the chamber to be mounted at an angle of between 0 to 90°, i.e. completely horizontal to completely vertical. One embodiment of the chamber was mounted between 10 to 15 degrees to the powder injector. The induction thermal processor 230 has an LF induction heater and its frequency is between 1 kHz and 500kHz while the power used is between 10kW and 5MW. In some instances, it would found the a frequency of between 1 kHz and 40kHz was suitable. The LF induction heater can be mounted at various positions, including inside and outside the chamber. The LF induction heater can also be mounted at an angle or rotated, independent of the chamber. The induction thermal processor chamber can be made of stainless steel or carbon steel, and it can be
further coated with ceramic, graphite or any other magnetic material where induction can take place. The processing time in the induction thermal processor is dependent on the time required to decompose the rubber powder via pyrolysis, and the temperature in the chamber can range between 900°C and 1200°C. A convenient temperature which provided a good yield was 1000°C. The induction thermal processor produces exhaust gases, which is sent to the exhaust stack 240, consisting mainly of carbon monoxide and hydrogen, as well as a solid material known as carbon black.
RF induced electrode-less plasma system is a flexible pyrolysis technique and consists of passing gas through a plasma torch combined with RF power to form a hot plasma stream. This allows different gases to be used to control the end result and also eliminates the need to shut down the reactor to replace the electrodes (since there are no electrodes needed). An induction heater is attached to a conduit tube which is in turn attached to the RF plasma outlet and the conduit tube is used as the susceptor for LF Induction heater. The tube radiates and convectively heats the matter passing through the conduit tube. The pyrolysis takes place in oxygen starved high heat atmosphere that does not allow dioxins, furans, and other hazardous by-products to be produced. The RF induced plasma can operate at extremely high temperatures ranging from 6000 to 1 1000 degrees centigrade.
A separate LF induction heater is used in tandem with the RF plasma torch. The LF induction heater can be mounted after the RF plasma torch and can be mounted at an angle to the RF plasma torch to create a fluidized bath and allow the variation of rubber particle dwell time. This added dwell time breaks down any heavy oils, leaving behind long chain hydrocarbon gases that are used to increase the heating value of the syngas to produce energy from the waste tyres. Further, the LF induction heater can be rotated.
The conduit tube can be any metal that can be inductively heated, typically made of iron or any of its alloy (due to their ferromagnetic nature), and possible materials that was tested were steel or even graphite.
The different gas compositions from the tyre pyrolysis are affected by various factors including the reaction temperature, process dwell time, type of plasma gas and type of carrier gas. This variability of inputs provides the ability to produce a range in the parameters used during the recycling of the waste tyres.
It should be appreciated by the person skilled in the art that the above invention is not limited to the embodiment described. In particular, the following modifications and improvements may be made without departing from the scope of the present invention:
Waste material other than waste tyres may be processed using the method and system described above.
Claims
We Claim:
1. A method for converting waste tyres into syngas comprising the steps: comminuting rubber from waste tyres into a powder;
introducing said powder into a powder injector;
injecting said powder from the powder injector into an induction thermal processor; and
obtaining syngas at an outlet of said induction thermal processor.
2. The method according to claim 1 , further comprising the step of obtaining carbon black at an outlet of said induction thermal processor.
3. The method according to either of claims 1 or 2, further comprising the step of using a turbine and a generator to generate electricity using the syngas produced.
4. The method according to claim 3, wherein said electricity generated is used to power a system to convert waste tyres into syngas.
5. The method according to any of the preceding claims, wherein said powder is introduced into said powder injector via a carrier gas.
6. The method according to claim 5, wherein said powder is introduced via said carrier gas into a plasma torch of said powder injector.
7. The method according to claims 5 or 6, wherein the carrier gas is selected from the group comprising argon, nitrogen, neon, helium, carbon dioxide, or a mixture of two or more thereof.
8. The method according to claim 6, wherein said plasma torch uses gas that is selected from the group comprising argon, nitrogen, neon, helium, carbon
dioxide, or a mixture of two or more thereof.
9. The method according to any of the preceding claims, comprising a further step of setting said powder to have a particle size ranging from 100 microns to 25mm.
10. The method according to any of the preceding claims, comprising a further step of setting the powder feeder rate to said powder injector between 1 kg per hour and 2 tonnes per hour.
11. The method according to any of the preceding claims, comprising a further step of setting the induction frequency of a LF induction coil in the induction thermal processor between 1 kHz and 500 kHz. 2. The method according to any of the preceding claims, comprising a further step of setting the temperature in the induction thermal processor between 900 degrees Centigrade and 1200 degrees Centigrade.
13. A carbon black product obtainable by the process of claim 2.
14. A carbon black product according to claim 13 comprising a composition of 95% carbon, 2% silicon and 3% zinc oxide by weight. ,
15. A system for converting waste tyres into syngas and carbon black comprising
means for comminuting rubber from waste tyres into a powder;
a feeding system for feeding said powder into a powder injector;
a powder injector for injecting said powder into an induction thermal processor; and
an induction thermal processor for producing syngas and carbon black.
16. The system according to claim 15, further comprising a source of carrier gas connected to said feeding system.
17. The system according to claim 15, wherein said powder injector comprising a plasma torch and an RF induction coil.
18. The system according to claim 17, wherein said powder is introduced into the plasma torch of said powder injector.
19. The system according to claim 17, wherein said plasma torch comprises a metal tube in which a plasma stream is created.
20. The system according to claim 19, wherein said metal tube is made of copper.
21. The system according to claim 17, wherein said plasma torch comprises a quartz tube in which a plasma stream is created
22. The system, according to claim 21 , wherein said quartz tube is shielded by a metal shield.
23. The system according to claim 21 , wherein said quartz tube is shielded by a water-cooled metal shield.
24. The system according to claim 22 or claim 23, wherein said metal shield is made of a non-magnetic material.
25. The system according to claim 15, wherein said induction thermal processor comprises a chamber and a LF induction coil.
26. The system according to claim 25, wherein said chamber comprises a
metal tube.
27. The system according to claim 26, wherein said metal tube is made of ferromagnetic material.
28. The system according to claim 26, wherein said metal tube is made of steel, preferably of stainless steel, graphite or carbon steel.
29. The system according to claim 26, wherein said metal tube is coated with a ferromagnetic material.
30. The system according to claim 26, wherein said metal tube is ceramic coated.
31. The system according to claim 26, wherein said metal tube is graphite coated.
32. The system according to claim 25, wherein said chamber is rotatable.
33. The system according to claim 25, wherein said LF induction coil is rotatable.
34. The system according to claim 25, wherein the longitudinal axis of the chamber is at an angle to the longitudinal axis of said powder injector.
35. The system according to claim 25, wherein the longitudinal axis of the LF induction coil is at an angle to the longitudinal axis of said powder injector.
36. The system according to claim 35, wherein said angle is between 0 and 90 degrees.
37. The system according to claim 16, wherein the source provides the carrier gas selected from the group comprising of argon, nitrogen, neon, helium, carbon dioxide, or a mixture of two or more thereof.
38. The system according to claim 17, wherein said plasma torch uses gas that is selected from the group comprising of argon, nitrogen, neon, helium, carbon dioxide, or a mixture of two or more thereof.
39. The system according to claim 25, wherein the induction frequency of the LF induction coil is between 1 kHz and 500 kHz.
40. The system according to any of the preceding claims, wherein said feeding system has a feeder rate of between 1 kg per hour and 2 tonnes per hour to said powder injector.
41. The system according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the temperature in the induction thermal processor is between 900 degrees Centigrade and 1200 degrees Centigrade.
42. The system according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the temperature in the powder injector is between 6000 degrees Centigrade and 1 1000 degrees Centigrade.
43. The system according to any of the preceding claims, wherein said powder used in the feeding system has a particle size ranging from 100 microns to 25mm.
44. A plasma reactor for converting rubber to syngas and carbon black comprising:
an enclosed chamber with an inlet and an outlet;
a plasma jet formed by passing a plasma gas through an RF induction
coil, said plasma jet positioned proximal to said inlet; and
a LF induction coil positioned proximal to said inlet but distal to said plasma jet;
wherein syngas and carbon black are obtained from said chamber.
45. A plasma reactor according to claim 44, wherein a carrier gas is introduced into the chamber using said inlet.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
SG2014012199A SG2014012199A (en) | 2012-06-07 | 2013-06-07 | Plasma pyrolysis system and method for tyres |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
SG2012042222A SG195420A1 (en) | 2012-06-07 | 2012-06-07 | High energy gas flow tyre pyrolysis using rf inductive plasma in combination with lf induction heating. |
SG201204222-2 | 2012-06-07 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2013184074A1 true WO2013184074A1 (en) | 2013-12-12 |
Family
ID=54256892
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/SG2013/000239 WO2013184074A1 (en) | 2012-06-07 | 2013-06-07 | Plasma pyrolysis system and method for tyres |
Country Status (2)
Country | Link |
---|---|
SG (2) | SG195420A1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2013184074A1 (en) |
Cited By (20)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US9574086B2 (en) | 2014-01-31 | 2017-02-21 | Monolith Materials, Inc. | Plasma reactor |
US10100200B2 (en) | 2014-01-30 | 2018-10-16 | Monolith Materials, Inc. | Use of feedstock in carbon black plasma process |
US10138378B2 (en) | 2014-01-30 | 2018-11-27 | Monolith Materials, Inc. | Plasma gas throat assembly and method |
US10370539B2 (en) | 2014-01-30 | 2019-08-06 | Monolith Materials, Inc. | System for high temperature chemical processing |
US10472572B1 (en) | 2016-04-07 | 2019-11-12 | Foret Plasma Labs, Llc | Method and apparatus for treating organic matter |
US10618026B2 (en) | 2015-02-03 | 2020-04-14 | Monolith Materials, Inc. | Regenerative cooling method and apparatus |
US10808097B2 (en) | 2015-09-14 | 2020-10-20 | Monolith Materials, Inc. | Carbon black from natural gas |
US11149148B2 (en) | 2016-04-29 | 2021-10-19 | Monolith Materials, Inc. | Secondary heat addition to particle production process and apparatus |
US11304288B2 (en) | 2014-01-31 | 2022-04-12 | Monolith Materials, Inc. | Plasma torch design |
RU2780072C1 (en) * | 2022-01-28 | 2022-09-19 | Федеральное государственное автономное образовательное учреждение высшего образования "Национальный исследовательский Томский политехнический университет" | Device for processing rubber crumb of worn car tires |
US11453784B2 (en) | 2017-10-24 | 2022-09-27 | Monolith Materials, Inc. | Carbon particles having specific contents of polycylic aromatic hydrocarbon and benzo[a]pyrene |
US11492496B2 (en) | 2016-04-29 | 2022-11-08 | Monolith Materials, Inc. | Torch stinger method and apparatus |
DE102021205776A1 (en) | 2021-06-08 | 2022-12-08 | Continental Reifen Deutschland Gmbh | Process for producing carbon black from waste |
US11665808B2 (en) | 2015-07-29 | 2023-05-30 | Monolith Materials, Inc. | DC plasma torch electrical power design method and apparatus |
WO2023132784A1 (en) * | 2022-01-06 | 2023-07-13 | Global Enviro Holding Pte. Ltd. | Method and apparatus for tire recycling |
US11760884B2 (en) | 2017-04-20 | 2023-09-19 | Monolith Materials, Inc. | Carbon particles having high purities and methods for making same |
US11811542B1 (en) | 2022-06-01 | 2023-11-07 | NDSL, Inc. | Galvanic isolation circuitry and associated low power wakeup methods |
US11926743B2 (en) | 2017-03-08 | 2024-03-12 | Monolith Materials, Inc. | Systems and methods of making carbon particles with thermal transfer gas |
US11939477B2 (en) | 2014-01-30 | 2024-03-26 | Monolith Materials, Inc. | High temperature heat integration method of making carbon black |
US11987712B2 (en) | 2015-02-03 | 2024-05-21 | Monolith Materials, Inc. | Carbon black generating system |
Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2001029150A2 (en) * | 1999-10-21 | 2001-04-26 | Les Habitations Richard Hebert Inc. | High purity carbon black composition in the form of a powder obtained by pyrolysis of a solid carbonizable material, process thereof |
US20100087554A1 (en) * | 2007-01-24 | 2010-04-08 | Gregory Abramovich Berezin | Tire recovery method and a device for carrying out said method |
US20110062013A1 (en) * | 2007-02-27 | 2011-03-17 | Plasco Energy Group Inc. | Multi-Zone Carbon Conversion System with Plasma Melting |
-
2012
- 2012-06-07 SG SG2012042222A patent/SG195420A1/en unknown
-
2013
- 2013-06-07 SG SG2014012199A patent/SG2014012199A/en unknown
- 2013-06-07 WO PCT/SG2013/000239 patent/WO2013184074A1/en active Application Filing
Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2001029150A2 (en) * | 1999-10-21 | 2001-04-26 | Les Habitations Richard Hebert Inc. | High purity carbon black composition in the form of a powder obtained by pyrolysis of a solid carbonizable material, process thereof |
US20100087554A1 (en) * | 2007-01-24 | 2010-04-08 | Gregory Abramovich Berezin | Tire recovery method and a device for carrying out said method |
US20110062013A1 (en) * | 2007-02-27 | 2011-03-17 | Plasco Energy Group Inc. | Multi-Zone Carbon Conversion System with Plasma Melting |
Cited By (26)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US11203692B2 (en) | 2014-01-30 | 2021-12-21 | Monolith Materials, Inc. | Plasma gas throat assembly and method |
US10100200B2 (en) | 2014-01-30 | 2018-10-16 | Monolith Materials, Inc. | Use of feedstock in carbon black plasma process |
US10138378B2 (en) | 2014-01-30 | 2018-11-27 | Monolith Materials, Inc. | Plasma gas throat assembly and method |
US10370539B2 (en) | 2014-01-30 | 2019-08-06 | Monolith Materials, Inc. | System for high temperature chemical processing |
US11866589B2 (en) | 2014-01-30 | 2024-01-09 | Monolith Materials, Inc. | System for high temperature chemical processing |
US11939477B2 (en) | 2014-01-30 | 2024-03-26 | Monolith Materials, Inc. | High temperature heat integration method of making carbon black |
US11591477B2 (en) | 2014-01-30 | 2023-02-28 | Monolith Materials, Inc. | System for high temperature chemical processing |
US11304288B2 (en) | 2014-01-31 | 2022-04-12 | Monolith Materials, Inc. | Plasma torch design |
US9574086B2 (en) | 2014-01-31 | 2017-02-21 | Monolith Materials, Inc. | Plasma reactor |
US11998886B2 (en) | 2015-02-03 | 2024-06-04 | Monolith Materials, Inc. | Regenerative cooling method and apparatus |
US11987712B2 (en) | 2015-02-03 | 2024-05-21 | Monolith Materials, Inc. | Carbon black generating system |
US10618026B2 (en) | 2015-02-03 | 2020-04-14 | Monolith Materials, Inc. | Regenerative cooling method and apparatus |
US11665808B2 (en) | 2015-07-29 | 2023-05-30 | Monolith Materials, Inc. | DC plasma torch electrical power design method and apparatus |
US10808097B2 (en) | 2015-09-14 | 2020-10-20 | Monolith Materials, Inc. | Carbon black from natural gas |
US10472572B1 (en) | 2016-04-07 | 2019-11-12 | Foret Plasma Labs, Llc | Method and apparatus for treating organic matter |
US11492496B2 (en) | 2016-04-29 | 2022-11-08 | Monolith Materials, Inc. | Torch stinger method and apparatus |
US11149148B2 (en) | 2016-04-29 | 2021-10-19 | Monolith Materials, Inc. | Secondary heat addition to particle production process and apparatus |
US12012515B2 (en) | 2016-04-29 | 2024-06-18 | Monolith Materials, Inc. | Torch stinger method and apparatus |
US11926743B2 (en) | 2017-03-08 | 2024-03-12 | Monolith Materials, Inc. | Systems and methods of making carbon particles with thermal transfer gas |
US11760884B2 (en) | 2017-04-20 | 2023-09-19 | Monolith Materials, Inc. | Carbon particles having high purities and methods for making same |
US11453784B2 (en) | 2017-10-24 | 2022-09-27 | Monolith Materials, Inc. | Carbon particles having specific contents of polycylic aromatic hydrocarbon and benzo[a]pyrene |
EP4101909A1 (en) | 2021-06-08 | 2022-12-14 | Continental Reifen Deutschland GmbH | Method for the production of carbon black from waste |
DE102021205776A1 (en) | 2021-06-08 | 2022-12-08 | Continental Reifen Deutschland Gmbh | Process for producing carbon black from waste |
WO2023132784A1 (en) * | 2022-01-06 | 2023-07-13 | Global Enviro Holding Pte. Ltd. | Method and apparatus for tire recycling |
RU2780072C1 (en) * | 2022-01-28 | 2022-09-19 | Федеральное государственное автономное образовательное учреждение высшего образования "Национальный исследовательский Томский политехнический университет" | Device for processing rubber crumb of worn car tires |
US11811542B1 (en) | 2022-06-01 | 2023-11-07 | NDSL, Inc. | Galvanic isolation circuitry and associated low power wakeup methods |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
SG195420A1 (en) | 2013-12-30 |
SG2014012199A (en) | 2014-04-28 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
WO2013184074A1 (en) | Plasma pyrolysis system and method for tyres | |
Tang et al. | Development of plasma pyrolysis/gasification systems for energy efficient and environmentally sound waste disposal | |
Huang et al. | Treatment of organic waste using thermal plasma pyrolysis technology | |
Gonzalez-Aguilar et al. | Carbon nanostructures production by gas-phase plasma processes at atmospheric pressure | |
Jasiński et al. | Production of hydrogen via conversion of hydrocarbons using a microwave plasma | |
Qiu et al. | Coal gasification in steam and air medium under plasma conditions: a preliminary study | |
CN108546561A (en) | It is converted and is modified using the heavy fossil hydrocarbon of radio frequency or microwave energy | |
Mandilas et al. | Synthesis of aluminium nanoparticles by arc plasma spray under atmospheric pressure | |
Zhou et al. | Microwave-induced electrical discharge of metal strips for the degradation of biomass tar | |
Zherlitsyn et al. | Microwave plasma torch for processing hydrocarbon gases | |
Ismail et al. | A review on plasma treatment for the processing of solid waste | |
Messerle et al. | Plasma technologies for fuel conversion | |
CN104531184A (en) | Method for thermally decomposing over-accumulated plant with rich heavy metals through plasma | |
Kong | Atmospheric pressure plasma process and applications | |
Tippayawong et al. | Development of a laboratory scale air plasma torch and its application to electronic waste treatment | |
Zhang et al. | Microwave-carbon fiber cloth co-ignited catalytic degradation of waste plastic into high-yield hydrogen and carbon nanotubes | |
Hrabovsky et al. | Steam plasma gasification of pyrolytic oil from used tires | |
US20240174932A1 (en) | Method and apparatus for tire recycling | |
Aldeeb et al. | Efficient Waste Management via Tuning Plasma Properties in Radio Frequency Inductively Coupled Plasma | |
Oliveira et al. | A Review on Plasma Gasification of Solid Residues: Recent Advances and Developments. Energies 2022, 15, 1475 | |
Kobayashi et al. | Decomposition characteristics of carbon dioxide by gas tunnel-type plasma jet | |
JP2024517286A (en) | Method for Producing Hydrogen and Solid Carbon from a Gaseous Hydrocarbon Source Using Microwaves and/or Radio Waves - Patent application | |
Jie et al. | Microwave plasma torch for solid waste treatment | |
Popov et al. | Interaction of AC Arc with Propane Fraction | |
Li et al. | Hydrogen production by microwave plasma decomposition of H2S at atmospheric pressure with cooling implemented in its afterglow |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
121 | Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application |
Ref document number: 13800665 Country of ref document: EP Kind code of ref document: A1 |
|
DPE1 | Request for preliminary examination filed after expiration of 19th month from priority date (pct application filed from 20040101) | ||
NENP | Non-entry into the national phase |
Ref country code: DE |
|
122 | Ep: pct application non-entry in european phase |
Ref document number: 13800665 Country of ref document: EP Kind code of ref document: A1 |