WO2013173996A1 - 一体化文丘里空气洗涤装置 - Google Patents
一体化文丘里空气洗涤装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2013173996A1 WO2013173996A1 PCT/CN2012/075987 CN2012075987W WO2013173996A1 WO 2013173996 A1 WO2013173996 A1 WO 2013173996A1 CN 2012075987 W CN2012075987 W CN 2012075987W WO 2013173996 A1 WO2013173996 A1 WO 2013173996A1
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- venturi
- washing
- tower
- washing liquid
- separation
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D47/00—Separating dispersed particles from gases, air or vapours by liquid as separating agent
- B01D47/12—Washers with plural different washing sections
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2247/00—Details relating to the separation of dispersed particles from gases, air or vapours by liquid as separating agent
- B01D2247/08—Means for controlling the separation process
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2247/00—Details relating to the separation of dispersed particles from gases, air or vapours by liquid as separating agent
- B01D2247/10—Means for removing the washing fluid dispersed in the gas or vapours
- B01D2247/101—Means for removing the washing fluid dispersed in the gas or vapours using a cyclone
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2247/00—Details relating to the separation of dispersed particles from gases, air or vapours by liquid as separating agent
- B01D2247/10—Means for removing the washing fluid dispersed in the gas or vapours
- B01D2247/106—Means for removing the washing fluid dispersed in the gas or vapours using a structured demister, e.g. tortuous channels
Definitions
- the invention relates to a venturi air washing device, which can be applied to purification of various exhaust gas and exhaust gas generated by power plant and incinerator flue gas, petrochemical plant catalytic cracking regeneration flue gas, industrial furnace kiln flue gas, chemical plant reaction device.
- the treatment can also be used for air purification in various workshops and by-product recovery in industrial exhaust gas, and belongs to the technical field of exhaust gas treatment equipment.
- an air scrubber is an effective device for removing particulate matter and gas components.
- Common industrial waste gases such as power plants and incinerator flue gas, petrochemical plant catalytic cracking regenerative flue gas, various industrial furnace flue gas, various types of exhaust gas generated by chemical plant reaction devices, and various types of workshops produced in the process of pollution Air, etc., contain contaminants or recyclables including particulate and gaseous components.
- Particulate components generally refer to inclusions having a solid or liquid diameter in the submicron range and above.
- the above-mentioned exhaust gas is not treated, its components will be harmful to the environment when it is discharged into the environment, and it may seriously threaten the health of the workers in contact with it; it is also a kind of non-recycling of components with recycling value. Big waste.
- the main purpose of waste gas treatment is to separate or remove these harmful substances or recoverable components contained in the exhaust gas from the exhaust gas.
- Air washing device Scrubber or air The basic principle of the cleaner is to spray a washing liquid (also called an absorbing liquid or a washing liquid) into the gas, so that the particles or gas components contained in the exhaust gas are transferred to the larger liquid to be separated from the air. .
- the operation of the air scrubber is affected not only by the nature of the components removed and the nature of the scrubbing fluid used, but also by the specific surface area of the scrubbing liquid in contact with the air and the rate at which the removed components are close to the scrubbing liquid.
- the increased airflow velocity and velocity gradient cause the airflow to form a vortex, which increases the mass transfer between the particles and the gas component and the surface of the absorbing liquid as well as the chemical reaction speed, and also accelerates the wetting of the surface for solid dust.
- Temperature is also very important if the component being removed is a gas, or is volatile or condensed. If the temperature of the gas to be separated is higher than the temperature of the absorbing liquid, the gas is cooled by washing, and the condensation process occurs.
- the absorbing liquid used is an aqueous solution and the temperature of the gas to be treated is higher than the boiling point of water, the gas must first be cooled below the boiling point of the absorbing liquid. Cooling causes a decrease in fluid entropy, while solid particles present in the gas tend to become the core of condensation, accelerating condensation.
- the separation process is accompanied by a certain energy consumption, which is mainly to form the energy required to promote the fluid turbulence necessary for the transfer of solid and gas components and the liquid between the absorbing liquids, and between the washing liquid and the peripheral wall of the washing liquid.
- the resulting frictional resistance which is primarily provided by the kinetic energy of the intake airflow, is manifested by a decrease in pressure along the direction of gas flow. Under the condition that the exhaust gas and the absorption liquid have certain properties, the separation effect is proportional to the severity of the airflow turbulence and the resulting airflow energy loss.
- the flow rate of the gas in the scrubber is tens or even hundreds of meters per second, and the pressure drop is also thousands or even tens of pascals.
- This wet scrubber is Differential pressure cleaning system Pressure cleaning Systems)".
- the most common differential pressure cleaning system is the venturi scrubbing system, which has many different designs.
- the main feature of the venturi scrubbing system is that it takes full advantage of the venturi effect of the fluid and is set in the air path. Narrow venturi or venturi throat (Venturi Tube or Venturi Throttle). When the exhaust gas enters the venturi or throat, it generates high acceleration and causes the static pressure to suddenly decrease.
- the resulting high shear force and huge pressure drop can greatly increase the turbulence of the airflow, causing the absorption liquid entering the throat to be broken.
- the formation of extremely fine particles, thereby generating a huge gas-liquid contact surface area allows the components to be treated in the exhaust gas to be efficiently and quickly transferred to the liquid.
- the pressure After the gas leaves the throat, the pressure returns to a level that is close to or slightly lower before entering the throat, the gas flow slows, the droplets re-aggregate and become larger, and are separated and removed in the subsequent gas-liquid separation device.
- the absorbing liquid is usually injected into the narrowest section of the throat cross section by means of a spray device arranged in the axial or transverse direction. According to different separation requirements, the pressure drop usually through the throat is 2000-3000 Pascal.
- the Venturi scrubbing system is very effective in separating and removing particles with a particle size of 1-100 microns, and the removal efficiency can reach over 95%.
- the mass inertia-based treatment methods such as gravity sedimentation or cyclone separation are used to separate this size.
- the efficiency of the particles is relatively low.
- the washing effect of the Venturi washing system is strongly influenced by changes in wind load, which is closely related to the speed of the airflow through the venturi throat and the shortening of the dwell time.
- This problem can be partially solved by changing the cross-sectional shape of the venturi throat, such as the throat cross-section being designed to be rectangular and the wall being designed to vary and be adjustable in the direction of air flow.
- Another way to solve the wind load fluctuation problem is to absorb some secondary air or air to reconcile the trough, but the above solution is more difficult in process design and equipment manufacturing.
- annular gap scrubber annular gap Cleaner
- a conical body is arranged on the central shaft, and an annular gap is formed between the conical body and the inner wall of the chamber, and the venturi annular cross-flow is realized by the axial displacement of the conical body.
- the change in section Due to the narrow space of this gap, the air passes through the gap at a high speed, resulting in a high mixing effect.
- the shortcoming of this design is that the structure is relatively complicated and the manufacturing process is difficult, especially the processing of the cone and the axial center positioning of the cone and the chamber. A slight deviation will have a great impact on the operation of the device. .
- the annular gap scrubber is bulkier than other venturi scrubbers, and the treatment effect is not as good as the latter, especially when the scrubbing gas contains condensable or vaporizable components.
- venturi air scrubbing system is superior to other washing devices in gas mixing, mass transfer efficiency, and washing efficiency.
- Some venturi scrubbing devices (such as rectangular venturi slots and wall shapes flow along the airflow) The direction changes and can be adjusted, or the venturi throat is designed as an annular slit and the position of the built-in cone is adjusted, etc.) also partially overcomes their shortcomings of poor resistance to disturbing wind loads, but their structure is complicated. There are relatively high requirements for manufacturing; moreover, the current design has a relatively small adjustment of the flow rate through the venturi throat or notch.
- the choice of the subsequent gas-liquid separation system has a significant influence on the performance of the entire venturi washing system, especially when the venturi unit is designed as a rectangular notch, and the subsequent gas-liquid separation tower should be able to make full use of Wenqiu.
- the flow velocity of the outflow in the slot is high, and the airflow section is a narrow fluid characteristic, otherwise energy waste or structural irration may be caused.
- the droplets formed in the venturi throat are smaller than those formed in other air scrubbing systems, which may have a negative impact on subsequent gas-liquid separation. These factors must also be considered when designing a gas-liquid separation column.
- the single-channel venturi throat design will result in the same resistance loss due to the excessive cross-section of the throat and insufficient local velocity gradient. Under the local shear force is too small, which affects the overall airflow turbulence and removal effect. When the amount of flue gas is too large, the height of the single venturi notch will also become large, so that the venturi washing device takes up a large space.
- the application of the present invention aims to provide an integrated and integrated venturi air washing device, and maximize the mixing efficiency of the venturi notch, and flexibly and conveniently adjust the venturi notch to improve the stability of the system operation and Adaptability to fluctuating wind loads reduces drag loss and also accommodates the processing requirements of large flow flue gases.
- the Venturi effect also known as the Venturi effect, is one of the foundations of the dynamics of the application of the present invention. It is the discoverer of the Italian physicist Giovanni Battista. Venturi) to name it. This effect means that a low pressure is generated in the vicinity of a gas flowing at a high speed. This effect can be used to create venturi tubes for different purposes.
- a gas or liquid flows in a venturi, the velocity of the gas or liquid changes as a function of the cross-sectional area of the flow.
- the dynamic pressure reaches a maximum and the static pressure reaches a minimum.
- a low air pressure can be formed near the leeward side of the barrier, thereby absorbing the surrounding air and causing turbulence of the air.
- the integrated venturi air washing device comprises two cylinders communicating with each other, wherein one of the cylinders is a washing tower, which can complete pre-washing treatment such as cooling and humidification of exhaust gas, and can complete washing.
- a washing tower which can complete pre-washing treatment such as cooling and humidification of exhaust gas, and can complete washing.
- the injection of the liquid and its full mixing with the flue gas, the other cylinder is a separation tower, which mainly completes the gas-liquid separation, and the two cylinders are connected by the communication tube, so that they are integrated into the structure, and the structure of each part is as follows Said:
- the top of the washing tower is connected with the flue gas discharge pipe of the factory or the workshop.
- the washing tower is divided into a pretreatment zone, a washing liquid spray zone, a venturi notch and a turbulent reaction zone from top to bottom, and the turbulent reaction zone is connected.
- the tube is connected to the middle of the separation tower, and the airflow entering the separation tower through the communication tube enters the separation tower along the tangential direction of the cross section of the separation tower;
- the bottom of the separation tower is provided with a collecting tank, and the middle part of the separation tower is a separation zone where the exhaust gas and the liquid are separated, and the uppermost end of the separation tower is an outlet zone, which is connected to the exhaust fan or the chimney, so that the treated exhaust gas can be discharged;
- the pretreatment zone of the washing tower is provided with a pretreatment nozzle, the spray range covers the entire flow cross section, and the washing liquid spray area is below the pretreatment zone, and a washing liquid nozzle is provided, and the washing liquid nozzle is arranged at the venturi notch.
- the venturi notch is composed of two sets of columnar bodies which are parallel to each other and function differently, and are respectively a plurality of large-diameter divided columnar bodies located above and a plurality of smaller diameter blocking columnar bodies located below, and the divided columnar bodies and The self-aligning column and the alignment direction are perpendicular to the airflow direction, and the positions of the divided columnar bodies are fixed, and each of the divided columnar bodies penetrates the cross section of the washing tower, and the sum of the cross-sectional diameters of the divided columnar bodies is substantially the same as the cross-sectional diameter of the washing tower body.
- a blocking column is placed directly below the space between each two adjacent divided columns, and the windward side and the leeward side of the divided column are provided as needed to prevent the airflow from appearing before entering the venturi notch.
- a deflector of the partial vortex, the leeward side of the blocking column is fixed on an adjustable spiral connecting rod, and the rotating spiral connecting rod can arbitrarily adjust the position of the blocking column along the airflow direction;
- the space behind the venturi notch is a turbulent reaction zone.
- the average flow velocity returns to a level close to the venturi throat.
- the static pressure is increased and the shear force of the airflow is suddenly reduced.
- the droplets are no longer separated after contact with each other, and the accumulation of particles becomes large.
- the washing tower and the separation tower may be placed in parallel with each other or at an angle to each other.
- the separation tower When placed at an angle of 90°, the separation tower can be placed vertically, the washing tower can be placed horizontally, or the washing tower can be placed vertically to place the separation tower horizontally.
- a wind deflector for preventing the airflow entering the separation tower from blowing the liquid level of the collecting pool is further disposed above the collecting pool in the separation tower.
- a water collector is selectively disposed under the separation tower near the outlet region, and the water collector may be a honeycomb or a folding plate or a filter type water collector.
- washing liquid in the bottom collecting tank of the separation tower is pumped by the water pump to the pretreatment nozzle and the washing liquid nozzle of the washing tower.
- the pretreatment nozzle and the washing liquid nozzle respectively supply the washing liquid from the special pool containing the washing liquid through the water pump.
- the water pump comprises a submerged water pump placed in a sump or a sump or a centrifugal water pump disposed outside the sump or the sump.
- the number of the pretreatment nozzles is one or more.
- the pretreatment nozzle may be fixed on the inner wall of the washing tower or may be fixed on the flow cross section.
- the direction in which the washing liquid in the pretreatment nozzle is sprayed may be at any angle to the direction of air flow.
- the residence time of the exhaust gas in the pretreatment zone is not more than 0.5 seconds.
- the washing liquid may be factory process water or any kind of water or ordinary washing liquid or chemical solution.
- the exhaust gas and other high temperature exhaust gas are cooled to below the boiling point of the washing liquid used, if used.
- the washing liquid is water or an aqueous solution, then cooled to 100 Below °C, the relative humidity of the exhaust gas in the pretreatment zone increases to nearly 100%.
- the number of the washing liquid nozzles is one or more.
- the arrangement of the washing liquid nozzles is evenly arranged along the length direction of the venturi notch, and the washing liquid nozzle spraying covers the entire venturi notch, and the washing liquid spray direction can be at any angle with the air flow direction.
- the material of the venturi scrubber and the separation tower is made of stainless steel or ordinary steel lining anticorrosive material (such as Teflon), or may be high strength and high temperature resistant plastic or resin. Or reinforced concrete material (the inner wall is coated with anti-corrosion layer).
- the cross section of the main body of the washing tower may be designed in the shape of a circle, a square or a rectangle, and the cross section of the main body of the separation tower is generally circular, and may be designed into other shapes.
- cross-sectional shape of the connecting pipe is generally square or rectangular, and the manufacturing material and the washing tower are made of the same material.
- the manufacturing material of the segmentation and blocking columnar body is generally made of a material such as metal or high-strength temperature-resistant plastic.
- the cross-section of the segmented columnar body may be circular, elliptical, rhombic, drop-shaped, or any geometric shape that facilitates the formation of the Venturi effect.
- cross section of the blocking column may be circular, elliptical or any geometry that facilitates the formation of the Venturi effect and is in close contact with the surface of the large column.
- the screwed connecting rod can be manually or electrically adjusted, and can be automatically adjusted by electric flow or by pressure change of the venturi notch during electric adjustment.
- a special bifurcated and automatically adjustable venturi notch is formed between each of the two large divided columns and a small blocking column, and the position of the blocking column is fully adjusted to allow the entire venturi groove.
- the port is closed, so that the venturi notch also has a valve function.
- all the slots can be closed, so that the exhaust gas entering the washing tower changes the flow direction, and the exhaust gas is introduced into the overrunning pipeline.
- the number of slots is more than one, the opening sizes of the different slots are respectively adjusted, and the distribution of the air volume in the different slots can be changed, thereby changing the distribution of the air volume on the flow cross section, and in some cases, closing the partial slots.
- the number of slots is selected according to the flow rate of the exhaust gas to be treated. Generally, fewer slots are used when the flow rate is low, and more slots are used when the flow rate is large.
- a new integrated venturi scrubbing system and unit can be provided for exhaust gas treatment, and the Venturi notch design allows for automatic adjustment based on changes in air volume or venturi pressure differential;
- venturi slots can be arranged in multiple channels, the flow through the different slots can be controlled separately, so that the distribution of the airflow in the cross section can also be adjusted, which increases the adjustability of the venturi washing system, so that the washing tower
- the outflow can be better matched to the gas inlet requirements of the subsequent separation column, which can greatly reduce the resistance and energy consumption of the entire washing system during large flow flue gas treatment;
- the multi-notch design at high flow rates reduces the height of the notch compared to the design of a single venturi notch, resulting in a lower height of the scrubber, pre-washing and subsequent cyclonic separation specifically for the characteristics of the chute notch
- the setting makes the whole system an efficient and organic one.
- venturi air washing device of the invention has the advantages of small volume, flexible arrangement, simple manufacture, flexible regulation, and can be adapted to various applications from large flue gas treatment to small workshop air purification.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional structural view of an integrated venturi air washing device according to an embodiment of the present invention
- Figure 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view taken along line A-A of Figure 1;
- Figure 3 is a cross-sectional, cross-sectional view taken along line B-B of Figure 1;
- FIGS. 4 to 7 are schematic diagrams showing the design of different venturi slots according to the present invention.
- 1 is the pretreatment zone
- 2 is the washing liquid spray zone
- 3 is the venturi notch
- 4 is the turbulent reaction zone
- 5 is the communication pipe
- 6 is the separation zone
- 7 is the exit zone
- 8 is the pretreatment nozzle 9 is a washing tower wall
- 10 is a baffle
- 11 is a washing liquid nozzle
- 12 is a divided column
- 13 is a blocking column
- 14 is a connecting rod
- 15 is a windshield
- 16 is a collecting tank
- 17 is The separation tower wall and 18 are connected to the pipe wall.
- the washing tower is placed side by side with the separation tower.
- the flue gas to be treated is firstly taken from the flue gas discharge pipe of the factory or the workshop into the pretreatment zone 1 at the top of the scrubbing tower, the residence time of the flue gas in the pretreatment zone 1 is generally less than 0.5 seconds, and the plurality of pretreatment nozzles 8 are fixed in the washing.
- the tower wall 9 is sprayed into the pretreatment zone 1 at an angle of 60 to the direction of the gas flow.
- the pre-washing liquid acts as a washing liquid, and is sent by a water pump from the sump 16 provided at the lower portion of the separation tower 6 to the pretreatment nozzle 8, and the temperature of the flue gas is lowered to 80 after pre-washing treatment. °C, relative humidity is 100%.
- the flue gas After the flue gas leaves the pretreatment zone 1, it enters the washing liquid spray zone 2 and receives the spray of the spray liquid.
- the washing liquid nozzles 11 in the spray zone are disposed directly above the venturi notch 3 and are evenly arranged along the longitudinal direction of the venturi notch 3, and the spray liquid is sprayed in the same direction as the air flow direction.
- the choice of the washing liquid is determined according to the composition of the flue gas to be removed, and a caustic solution is used in this embodiment.
- the flue gas passes through the washing liquid spray zone 2 and enters the venturi notch 3, and the venturi notch 3 is composed of a slit formed between the divided columnar body 12 and the blocking columnar body 13 placed perpendicularly to the airflow direction.
- the columns are parallel to each other, and a group of the divided columns 12 are placed side by side in front of the wind direction, and the sum of their cross-sectional diameters (or widths) and the cross-sectional diameter (or width in one direction) of the main tower of the scrubber are They are roughly equal (within 10% difference).
- a baffle 10 is provided on the side facing the air inlet side and the side facing the air inlet of the divided columnar body 12, for preventing the local vortex from appearing before the airflow enters the venturi slot and from the venturi slot, thereby causing unnecessary Energy loss.
- a blocking column 13 having a small cross section is placed directly below the space between the two adjacent divided columns 12 (gas outflow end), and the portion of the leeward blocking the column 13 is fixed to an adjustable spiral connection.
- the helically-connected rod 14 functions to effect the lifting and lowering of the columnar body 13, the structure of which is well known to those skilled in the art and will not be described herein; the rotating link 14 may cause the blocking column 13 to follow along
- the flow direction of the air flow is arbitrarily adjusted.
- a combination of the two large split columns 12 and a small barrier column 13 forms a special bifurcation and can be automatically adjusted to the venturi notch 3, adjusting the position of the damped column and even the entire venturi slot The mouth is closed.
- the flue gas comes out of the venturi trough 3, it enters the turbulent reaction zone 4.
- the turbulent reaction zone 4 the average flow velocity of the gas flows back to the level before entering the venturi throat, and the static pressure is also recovered. The shear force is drastically reduced, the droplets are no longer separated after contact with each other, and the particle accumulation becomes large.
- the cross section of the separation zone 6 of the separation column is designed to be circular, so that the kinetic energy of the outflow of the scrubber can be utilized to cause the gas to form a vortex in the separation column to achieve cyclone separation.
- a sump 16 is provided at the bottom of the tower for collecting the separated washing liquid, and functions as a sump pool and a washing liquid mixing tank of the washing liquid circulation pump. The absorbing liquid in the sump 16 is sent to the absorbing liquid nozzle or the pretreatment nozzle of the absorption tower by a submerged water pump installed in the sump or a centrifugal water pump disposed outside the pool.
- a wind deflector 15 is provided at the upper portion of the sump 16 for preventing the airflow entering the cyclone from blowing up the liquid level of the absorbing liquid.
- the flue gas is separated by a cyclone in the separation column, and the larger droplets contained therein are separated and removed.
- the remaining fine droplets can be further separated by the water trap 19.
- the water collector can be a honeycomb or a flap or a filter trap.
- the finally treated flue gas passes through the exit zone 7 and is sent to an exhaust fan and a chimney for discharge.
- the venturi scrubber and the cyclone separation tower may be placed parallel to each other as described in the above embodiments, or may be placed at an angle to each other.
- the separation tower When placed at an angle of 90°, the separation tower can be placed vertically, the washing tower can be placed horizontally, or the washing tower can be placed vertically to place the separation tower horizontally.
- the separation tower When the separation tower is placed horizontally, it is still necessary to have a slope greater than one thousandth in the horizontal direction, so that the separated washing liquid can flow into the sump along the wall surface. At this time, the sump can be disposed beside the main separation tower. And connected to the bottom of the main separation tower by pipes.
- the design of the Venturi notch can be arranged according to the actual situation.
- the cross section of the divided columnar body 12 may take various shapes such as a circular shape, an elliptical shape, a rhombus shape, and a water drop type; and the cross section of the blocking columnar body 13 is generally circular or Oval.
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Abstract
一种一体化文丘里空气洗涤装置,包括相互连通的两个筒体,其中一个筒体为洗涤塔,它既能完成废气的冷却及增湿等预洗涤处理,又能完成洗涤液的注入及其与烟气的充分混合,另一个筒体为分离塔,它主要完成气液分离,两个筒体由连通管连接,使它们在结构上成为一个整体。废气经预处理后,利用文丘里效应和旋风分离的原理进行洗涤和分离。
Description
本发明申请涉及一种文丘里空气洗涤装置,可以应用于电厂及焚烧炉烟气、石化厂催化裂化再生烟气、工业炉窑烟气、化工厂反应装置所产生的各类尾气和废气的净化处理,也可用于各类车间的空气净化和工业尾气中的副产品回收,属于废气处理设备技术领域。
在废气处理***中,空气洗涤装置是一种用于去除颗粒物及气体成分的有效设备。常见的工业废气如电厂及焚烧炉烟气、石化厂催化裂化再生烟气、各类工业窑炉烟气、化工厂反应装置所产生的各类尾气、各类车间在生产过程中所产生的污浊空气等,都含有包括颗粒和气体成分在内的污染物或可回收成分。颗粒成分一般是指固体或液体的直径在亚微米范围及以上的内含物。上述的这些废气如不加以处理,其成分排放到环境中会对环境造成危害,还有可能严重危胁到与其接触的作业人员的健康;对有回收利用价值的成分不回收,也是一种极大的浪费。废气处理的主要目的就是要把废气中所含的这些有害物质或者可回收成分从废气中分离或去除。空气洗涤装置(air
scrubber或者air
cleaner)的基本原理是在气体中喷入洗涤液(也称作吸收液或清洗液),使得废气中所含的颗粒或气体成分转移到颗粒较大的液体中去从而得以从空气中分离去除。
空气洗涤装置运行的好坏除了受到被去除成分和所使用的洗涤液的性质的影响,还受制于洗涤液与空气接触的比表面积以及被去除成分接近洗涤液的速度。由于加大气流速度及速度梯度会引起气流形成旋涡,这会提高颗粒及气体成分与吸收液表面之间的物质传递以及化学反应速度,对于固体尘埃还可以加快其表面的湿润。如果被去除成分为气体,或易挥发或冷凝,则温度也起到非常重要的作用。如果所需分离的气体温度高于吸收液的温度,则气体会因洗涤而得到冷却,此时冷凝的过程就会发生。但当气体温度过高,超过洗涤液的沸点,则会造成洗涤液挥发,从而影响洗涤效果。因此,如果使用的吸收液为水溶液,而所要处理的气体的温度高于水的沸点,则气体还必须先冷却至吸收液的沸点以下。冷却会引起流体熵的减少,而在气体中存在的固体颗粒往往成为冷凝的核心,对冷凝起加速作用。
分离过程伴随着一定的能量消耗,这主要是为了形成促进固体及气体成分和吸收液之间的物质传递所必需的流体紊动所需要消耗的能量以及气流经过洗涤器时与洗涤液及周壁间产生的摩擦阻力,这些能量损耗主要由进气气流的动能所提供,表现在沿气体流动方向上的压力降低。在废气及吸收液性质一定的条件下,分离效果的好坏和气流紊动的剧烈程度以及由此导致的气流能量损耗成正比。
对于洗涤要求高的场合,所采用的洗涤器内气体的流速达到每秒数十甚至数百米,所形成的压降也要达到数千甚至上万帕斯卡(pascal),这种湿式洗涤器被称为“压差式清洗***(differential
pressure cleaning
systems)”。用得最为普遍的压差式清洗***是文丘里洗涤***,它有很多不同的设计。文丘里洗涤***的主要特征是它充分利用了流体的文丘里效应,在空气通路中设置狭窄的文丘里管或文丘里喉口(Venturi
tube 或Venturi
throttle)。当废气进入文丘里管或喉口后产生高加速度,并导致静压骤然降低,由此产生的高剪切力和巨大压降可以大大增加气流的紊动,使得进入喉口的吸收液被破碎成极细的颗粒,由此产生巨大的气液接触表面积,使废气中的待处理成分高效快捷地转移到液体中去。气体离开喉口后,压力重新回到进入喉口前相近或略低的水平,气体流动减缓,液滴重新聚集变大,并在后续的气液分离装置中被分离去除。吸收液通常通过轴向或横向布置的喷淋装置被注入到喉口横截面最为狭窄的区域内。根据不同的分离要求,通常通过喉口的压降取为2000-3000
pascal。文丘里洗涤***能非常有效地分离去除颗粒大小在1-100微米的颗粒,去除效率可以达到95%以上,而用基于质量惯性的处理方法如重力沉降或旋风分离法来分离这一尺度大小的颗粒,其效率是比较低的。
文丘里洗涤***的洗涤效果强烈地受到风力负荷变化的影响,这是和通过文丘里喉口的气流的速度加快、停留时间缩短有密切的关系。这个问题可以通过改变文丘里喉口的横截面形状而得以部分解决,如喉口横截面设计成矩形并且壁面设计成在空气流动方向上有变化并且可调节。另一个解决风力负荷波动问题的方法是吸进部分二次风或空气来调和波谷,但是上述的解决方法在工艺的设计及设备制造方面均有比较大的难度。
另一种利用文丘里效应的压差洗涤***是环形缝隙洗涤器(annular gap
cleaner)。在这种洗涤***中,中心轴上设置了一个锥型体,锥形体和其所处的室腔内壁间形成环状间隙,通过锥型体的轴向移位来实现文丘里环形过流横截面的变化。由于这一缝隙的空间狭小,空气通过缝隙时速度很高,从而产生很高的混合作用。这种设计的不足之处在于其结构相对复杂,制造加工难度较大,尤其是锥体的加工和锥体及室腔的轴心定位,稍有偏差都会对装置的运行带来很大的影响。另外,环形缝隙洗涤器比其它文丘里洗涤器体积大,处理效果也不及后者,尤其是洗涤气体中含可冷凝或汽化成分时尤其如此。
综上所述,目前的文丘里空气洗涤***虽然在气体混合、物质传递效率、洗涤效果上优于其它的洗涤装置,有些文丘里洗涤装置(如使用矩形文丘里槽口、壁面形状沿气流流动方向变化并可调节,或者把文丘里喉口设计成环状缝隙并对内置的圆锥体的位置实行调节等)还部分克服了它们对扰动风力荷载抵抗能力差的缺点,但它们的结构复杂,对制造有比较高的要求;而且,目前的这些设计对通过文丘里喉口或槽口的流速调节的幅度还比较小。
另一方面,后续气液分离***的选择对整个文丘里洗涤***效果的发挥也有着不可忽视的影响,尤其是当文丘里单元设计成矩形槽口,后续的气液分离塔应能充分利用文丘里槽口出流的流速高、气流断面为狭长形的流体特征,否则会造成能量的浪费或结构上的不合理。在文丘里喉口中所形成的液滴比在其它的空气洗涤***中形成的要小,这可能为后续的气液分离带来负面影响,这些因素也必须在设计气液分离塔时加以考虑。
还有,使文丘里洗涤***发挥最佳的洗涤效果,还需要对废气的温度及湿度进行控制调节。由于气体在文丘里槽口内停留的时间极短,通常低于0.01秒,当空气中的湿度较低时(如相对湿度低于80%),此时废气中所含的固体颗粒表面相对干燥,而洗涤液在文丘里槽口内形成的液体颗粒过小,使得较大的固体颗粒在文丘里槽口内得不到充分湿润,从而无法得到很好的去除。
再有,对于大型的废气处理工程,尤其是大型电厂和锅炉的烟气处理,单一通道的文丘里喉口设计会由于喉口截面过大,局部的速度梯度不足,从而导致在同样的阻力损失下,局部剪切力过小,从而影响到整体的气流紊动及去除效果。烟气量过大时,单个文丘里槽口的高度也会变得很大,从而使得文丘里洗涤装置占据较大的空间。
本发明申请旨在提供一种制作方便的一体化文丘里空气洗涤装置,并且最大限度地发挥文丘里槽口的混合效能,灵活方便地对文丘里槽口进行调节,提高***运行的稳定性和对波动风力负荷的适应性,降低阻力损耗,同时也能适应大流量烟气的处理要求。
作为本发明申请动力学基础之一的文丘里效应,也称文氏效应,是以其发现者,意大利物理学家文丘里(Giovanni Battista
Venturi)来命名的。这种效应是指在高速流动的气体附近会产生低压。利用这种效应可以制作出不同用途的文丘里管。当气体或液体在文丘里管内流动时,气体或液体的速度因为过流横截面积变化而变化,在管道的最窄处,动态压力达到最大值,静态压力达到最小值。根据文丘里效应原理,当风吹过阻挡物时,在阻挡物的背风面附近可形成低气压,从而吸附周围空气并导致空气的紊动。
本发明申请所涉及的一体化文丘里空气洗涤装置,包括相互连通的两个筒体,其中一个筒体为洗涤塔,它既能完成废气的冷却及增湿等预洗涤处理,又能完成洗涤液的注入及其与烟气的充分混合,另一个筒体为分离塔,它主要完成气液分离,两个筒体由连通管连接,使它们在结构上成为一个整体,各部分的结构如下所述:
1、
洗涤塔的顶部与工厂或车间的烟气排出管道相通,洗涤塔由上至下依次分为预处理区、洗涤液喷淋区、文丘里槽口和紊动反应区,紊动反应区通过连通管连接分离塔的中部,且经连通管进入分离塔的气流沿分离塔横截面的切线方向进入分离塔;
2、
分离塔的底部设有集水池,分离塔中部为废气与液体发生分离的分离区,分离塔的最上端为出口区,连接到抽风机或烟囱,使得处理后的废气得以排放;
3、
洗涤塔的预处理区设有预处理喷嘴,喷淋的范围覆盖整个过流断面,预处理区下方为洗涤液喷淋区,设有洗涤液喷嘴,洗涤液喷嘴设在文丘里槽口的正上方;
4、
文丘里槽口由两组互相平行且起不同作用的柱状体构成,分别为位于上方的若干个直径较大的分割柱状体和位于下方的若干个直径较小的阻挡柱状体,分割柱状体与阻挡柱状体的自身及排列方向与气流方向垂直,分割柱状体的位置固定,每根分割柱状体贯通洗涤塔的横截面,分割柱状体的横截面直径之和与洗涤塔主体的横截面直径大致相等,每两个相邻的分割柱状体之间的空间的正下方放置一个阻挡柱状体,分割柱状体的迎风一侧和背风一侧按需要设有用于防止气流在进入文丘里槽口以前出现局部漩涡的导流板,阻挡柱状体的背风一侧固定在一个可调节的带螺旋的连杆上,旋转螺旋连杆便可以使得阻挡柱状体沿着气流方向的位置任意调节;
5、
在文丘里槽口后面的空间为紊动反应区,在紊动反应区内气流的平均流速回复到接近进入文丘里喉口前的水平,静压得以回升,气流的剪切力突然降低,液滴相互接触后不再分开,颗粒积聚变大。
进一步的,所述洗涤塔与分离塔可以相互平行放置,也可以相互成一定的角度放置。在以90°夹角放置时,既可以把分离塔垂直放置,把洗涤塔水平放置,也可以把洗涤塔垂直放置而把分离塔水平放置。
进一步的,所述分离塔中集水池的上方还设有用于防止进入分离塔后的气流吹皱集水池液面的挡风板。
进一步的,所述分离塔近出口区下方还选择性地设有收水器,收水器可以采用蜂窝或折板或过滤式收水器。
进一步的,分离塔底部集水池内的洗涤液通过水泵泵至洗涤塔的预处理喷嘴和洗涤液喷嘴。
进一步的,所述的预处理喷嘴和洗涤液喷嘴分别通过水泵由专用的盛有洗涤液的汲水池供应洗涤液。
更进一步的,所述的水泵包括放置在汲水池或集水池内的淹没式水泵或设置在汲水池或集水池外的离心水泵。
进一步的,所述预处理喷嘴的数目为一个或一个以上。
进一步的,所述预处理喷嘴可以固定在洗涤塔的内壁上,也可以固定在过流断面上。
进一步的,所述预处理喷嘴中的洗涤液的喷入方向可以与空气流动方向成任何角度。
进一步的,废气在预处理区内的停留时间不大于0.5秒。
进一步的,所述的洗涤液可以是工厂的工艺水或任何种类的水或普通洗涤液或化学溶液,在预处理区内,废气及其它高温废气被冷却至所用洗涤液的沸点以下,如所用的洗涤液为水或水溶液,则冷却至100
°C以下,在预处理区内废气的相对湿度则增加到接近100%。
进一步的,所述洗涤液喷嘴的数目为一个或一个以上。
进一步的,所述洗涤液喷嘴的布置沿文丘里槽口的长度方向均匀排列,洗涤液喷嘴喷淋的范围覆盖整个文丘里槽口,洗涤液的喷淋方向可以和气流方向成任何角度。
进一步的,所述文丘里洗涤塔和分离塔的筒体的材料为不锈钢或普通钢材内衬防腐材料(如聚四氟乙烯(Teflon)等),也可以为高强度且耐高温的塑料或树脂,或为钢筋混凝土材料(内壁涂防腐层)。
进一步的,所述洗涤塔主体的横截面可以设计成圆形、方形或矩形等形状,而分离塔主体横截面则一般为圆形,也可以设计成其它形状。
进一步的,所述连通管的横截面形状一般取正方形或矩形,制造材料和洗涤塔的制造材料相同。
进一步的,所述分割和阻挡柱状体的制造材料一般用金属或高强耐温塑料等材料制成。
进一步的,所述分割柱状体的横截面可以为圆形、椭圆形、菱形、水滴型、或任何有利于文丘里效应形成的几何形状。
进一步的,所述阻挡柱状体的横截面可以为圆形、椭圆形或任何有利于文丘里效应形成并且能和大柱状体表面紧密接触的几何形状。
进一步的,所述带螺旋的连杆可以用手动也可以电动调节,电动调节时可以通过废气流量或通过文丘里槽口的压力变化而进行自动调节。
这样,在每两个大的分割柱状体和一个小的阻挡柱状体之间组成了一个特殊分叉并可以自动调节的文丘里槽口,充分调节阻挡柱状体的位置还可以把整个文丘里槽口关闭,使得文丘里槽口还具备了阀门功能,在需要时(如出现设备故障需要检修)可以把所有槽口关闭,使得进入洗涤塔的废气改变流动方向,将废气导入超越管线。当槽口数量在1个以上时,分别调节不同槽口的开口大小,还可以改变风量在不同槽口中的分配,从而改变风量在过流断面上的分布,极端情况下还可以关闭部分槽口,这样的设计可以使得文丘里具有更大的可调节性,并且便于和后续的分离装置相匹配。槽口的数量根据所处理废气的流量来选用,一般在流量低时选用较少的槽口,而在大流量时选用较多槽口。
本发明申请所述的一体化文丘里空气洗涤装置,具有以下的特点和优点:
1、
可以为废气处理提供一种新型的一体化的文丘里洗涤***和装置,文丘里槽口设计可以实现根据空气量或文丘里压差变化的自动化调节;
2、
由于可以设置成多通道的文丘里槽口,通过不同槽口的流量可以单独控制,这样气流在横断面上的分布也可以得到调控,增加了文丘里洗涤***的可调节性,使得洗涤塔的出流可以更好地和后面的分离塔的气流入口要求相匹配,这在大流量烟气处理时可以大大降低整个洗涤***的阻力和能耗;
3、
在大流量时采用多槽口设计与单个文丘里槽口的设计相比可以降低槽口的高度,从而使得洗涤塔的高度降低,专门针对本文丘里槽口特点的预洗涤和后续的旋风分离的设置,使得整个***成为高效有机的一体。
本发明的文丘里空气洗涤装置具有体积小、可以灵活布置、制造简单、调控灵活,能适应从大型烟气处理到小型车间空气净化等多种用途。
图1为本发明申请一个实施例的一体化文丘里空气洗涤装置的剖立面结构示意图;
图2为图1中A-A线的剖立面示意图;
图3为图1中B-B线的剖横截面面示意图;
图4-图7为本发明申请不同文丘里槽口的设计示意图;
其中,1为预处理区、2为洗涤液喷淋区、3为文丘里槽口、4为紊动反应区、5为连通管、6为分离区、7为出口区、8为预处理喷嘴、9为洗涤塔塔壁、10为导流板、11为洗涤液喷嘴、12为分割柱状体、13为阻挡柱状体、14为连杆、15为挡风板、16为集水池、17为分离塔塔壁、18为连通管管壁。
以下结合附图与具体的实施方式,对所述的装置进行说明,目的是为了公众更好的理解所述的技术内容,而非对所述技术的限制;凡以相同或近似的原理,对所述装置进行的改进,包括其形状、尺寸、所用的材质,以及相应部分的等同替换,以实现基本相同效果为目的,则都在本发明申请所要求保护的技术方案之内。
另外,在本发明申请中,对于不同部件之间“上、下”或“左、右”的描述,仅表示不同部件之间的相互位置关系,而不是对其空间位置的限定。
实施例1
如图1-3所示的文丘里洗涤装置,所述的装置中,洗涤塔与分离塔并排放置。待处理的烟气首先从工厂或车间的烟气排出管道进入洗涤塔顶部的预处理区1,烟气在预处理区1内的停留时间一般小于0.5秒,多个预处理喷嘴8固定在洗涤塔塔壁9上,以与气流方向成60°的角度喷入预处理区1。预洗涤液用洗涤液充当,由水泵从设于分离塔6下部的集水池16输送至预处理喷嘴8,烟气经预洗涤处理后,温度降为80
°C,相对湿度为100%。
烟气离开预处理区1后进入洗涤液喷淋区2,接受喷淋液的喷淋。在喷淋区内的洗涤液喷嘴11,设在文丘里槽口3的正上方,沿文丘里槽口3的长度方向均匀排列,喷淋液的喷入方向和气流方向相同。洗涤液的选用根据所要脱除的烟气成分来确定,在本实施例中采用苛性碱溶液。
烟气经过洗涤液喷淋区2后进入文丘里槽口3,文丘里槽口3由与气流方向垂直放置的分割柱状体12和阻挡柱状体13之间形成的狭缝组成。这些柱状体相互平行,其中一组分割柱状体12并排放置在来风方向的前面,它们的横截面直径(或宽度)之和与洗涤塔主塔体的横截面直径(或某一方向宽度)大致相等(相差在10%以内)。在分割柱状体12的面向进风一侧和背向进风一侧设有导流板10,用于防止气流进入文丘里槽口以前及从文丘里槽口出来以后出现局部漩涡,造成不必要的能量损失。每两个相邻的分割柱状体12相隔空间的正下方(气体出流端)放置一横截面较小的阻挡柱状体13,阻挡柱状体13背风的部位固定在一个可调节的带螺旋的连杆14上,该带螺旋的连杆14其作用是实现阻挡柱状体13的升降,其结构为本领域一般技术人员所熟知,这里不再赘述;旋转连杆14可以使得阻挡柱状体13沿着气流的流动方向任意调节。这样,两个大的分割柱状体12和一个小的阻挡柱状体13之间组成了一个特殊分叉并可以自动化调节的文丘里槽口3,调节阻尼柱状体的位置甚至可以把整个文丘里槽口关闭。
烟气从文丘里槽口3出来后,进入紊动反应区4,在紊动反应区4内气流的平均流速回复到接近进入文丘里喉口前的水平,静压也得以回升,气流的剪切力剧然降低,液滴相互接触后不再分开,颗粒积聚变大。
烟气从紊动反应区4出来后通过连通管5进入分离塔的分离区6,图中可见连通管管壁18,由于从紊动反应区4出来的气流的流速比较大,因此它的动能被用来驱动分离塔内分离区6的旋风分离作业,因此进入分离区6的气流入口的设计使得气流沿着分离塔塔壁17的横截面的切线方向进入。
分离塔的分离区6的横截面设计成圆形,这样可以利用洗涤塔出流的动能使得气体在分离塔内形成漩涡,实现旋风分离。在塔的底部设有集水池16用于收集分离出来的洗涤液,同时起到洗涤液循环泵的汲水池和洗涤液调配池的功能。集水池16中的吸收液由设置在集水池内的淹没式水泵或设置在池外的离心水泵输送至吸收塔的吸收液喷嘴或预处理喷嘴。在集水池16的上部设有一块挡风板15用于防止进入旋风分离器的气流吹皱吸收液的液面。
烟气经过在分离塔内的旋风分离,所含的较大的液滴被分离除去。对于残留的细小的液滴可以经过收水器19进一步得到分离。收水器可以采用蜂窝或折板或过滤式收水器。最后处理后的烟气经过出口区7,被输送至抽风机及烟囱进行排放。
实施例2
文丘里洗涤塔和旋风分离塔既可以像上述实施例中所描述的那样相互平行放置,也可以相互成一定的角度放置。在以90°夹角放置时,既可以把分离塔垂直放置,把洗涤塔水平放置,也可以把洗涤塔垂直放置而把分离塔水平放置。把分离塔水平放置时仍然需要在水平方向设有一个大于千分之一的坡度,以便分离得到的洗涤液能沿着壁面流入集水池,此时,集水池的可以设置在主体分离塔的旁边,并用管道与主体分离塔的底部连通。
实施例3-6
文丘里槽口的设计可以根据实际情况选用不同的通道布置。如图4-图7所示,分割柱状体12的横截面可以取圆形、椭圆形、菱形和水滴型等多种形状;而阻挡柱状体13的横截面在一般情况下则取圆形或椭圆形。
Claims (22)
- 一种一体化文丘里空气洗涤装置,包括相互连通的两个筒体,其中一个筒体为既能完成废气的冷却及增湿等预洗涤处理,又能完成洗涤液的注入及其与烟气的充分混合的洗涤塔,另一个筒体为完成气液分离的分离塔,两个筒体由连通管连接成为一个整体,其特征在于:1) 洗涤塔的顶部与工厂或车间的烟气排出管道相通,洗涤塔由上至下依次分为预处理区、洗涤液喷淋区、文丘里槽口和紊动反应区,紊动反应区通过连通管连接分离塔的中部,且经连通管进入分离塔的气流沿分离塔横截面的切线方向进入分离塔;2) 分离塔的底部设有集水池,分离塔中部为废气与液体发生分离的分离区,分离塔的最上端为出口区,连接到抽风机或烟囱,使得处理后的废气得以排放;3) 洗涤塔的预处理区设有预处理喷嘴,喷淋的范围覆盖整个过流断面,预处理区下方为洗涤液喷淋区,设有洗涤液喷嘴,洗涤液喷嘴设在文丘里槽口的正上方;4) 文丘里槽口由两组互相平行且起不同作用的柱状体构成,分别为位于上方的若干个直径较大的分割柱状体和位于下方的若干个直径较小的阻挡柱状体,分割柱状体与阻挡柱状体的自身及排列方向与气流方向垂直,分割柱状体的位置固定,每根分割柱状体贯通洗涤塔的横截面,分割柱状体的横截面直径之和与洗涤塔主体的横截面直径大致相等,每两个相邻的分割柱状体之间的空间的正下方放置一个阻挡柱状体,分割柱状体的迎风一侧和背风一侧按需要设有用于防止气流在进入文丘里槽口以前出现局部漩涡的导流板,阻挡柱状体的背风一侧固定在一个可调节的带螺旋的连杆上,旋转螺旋连杆便可以使得阻挡柱状体沿着气流方向的位置任意调节;5) 在文丘里槽口后面的空间为紊动反应区,在紊动反应区内气流的平均流速回复到接近进入文丘里喉口前的水平,静压得以回升,气流的剪切力突然降低,液滴相互接触后不再分开,颗粒积聚变大。
- 根据权利要求1所述的装置,其特征在于:所述洗涤塔与分离塔相互平行放置或相互成一定的角度放置。
- 根据权利要求1所述的装置,其特征在于:所述分离塔中集水池的上方还设有用于防止进入分离塔后的气流吹皱集水池液面的挡风板。
- 根据权利要求1所述的装置,其特征在于:所述分离塔近出口区下方还选择性地设有收水器。
- 根据权利要求1所述的装置,其特征在于:所述分离塔底部的集水池内的洗涤液通过水泵泵至洗涤塔的预处理喷嘴和洗涤液喷嘴。
- 根据权利要求1所述的装置,其特征在于:所述的预处理喷嘴和洗涤液喷嘴分别通过水泵由专用的盛有洗涤液的汲水池供应洗涤液。
- 根据权利要求5或6所述的装置,其特征在于:所述的水泵包括放置在汲水池或集水池内的淹没式水泵或设置在汲水池或集水池外的离心水泵。
- 根据权利要求1-6中任一项所述的装置,其特征在于:所述预处理喷嘴的数目为一个或一个以上。
- 根据权利要求1-6中任一项所述的装置,其特征在于:所述预处理喷嘴固定在洗涤塔的内壁上或过流断面上。
- 根据权利要求1-6中任一项所述的装置,其特征在于:所述预处理喷嘴中的洗涤液的喷入方向与空气流动方向成任何角度。
- 根据权利要求1-6中任一项所述的装置,其特征在于:废气在预处理区内的停留时间不大于0.5秒。
- 根据权利要求1-6中任一项所述的装置,其特征在于:所述的洗涤液包括工厂的工艺水、任何种类的水、普通洗涤液或化学溶液,在预处理区内,废气及其它高温废气被冷却至所用洗涤液的沸点以下。
- 根据权利要求1-6中任一项所述的装置,其特征在于:所述洗涤液喷嘴的数目为一个或一个以上。
- 根据权利要求13所述的装置,其特征在于:所述洗涤液喷嘴的布置沿文丘里槽口的长度方向均匀排列,洗涤液喷嘴喷淋的范围覆盖整个文丘里槽口。
- 根据权利要求1-6中任一项所述的装置,其特征在于:所述文丘里洗涤塔和分离塔的筒体的材料包括不锈钢或普通钢材内衬防腐材料、高强度且耐高温的塑料或树脂,或为钢筋混凝土材料内壁涂防腐层等。
- 根据权利要求1-6中任一项所述的装置,其特征在于:所述洗涤塔主体的横截面可以设计成圆形、方形或矩形形状。
- 根据权利要求1-6中任一项所述的装置,其特征在于:所述分离塔主体横截面一般为圆形,也可以设计成其它形状。
- 根据权利要求1-6中任一项所述的装置,其特征在于:所述连通管的横截面为正方形或矩形。
- 根据权利要求1-6中任一项所述的装置,其特征在于:所述分割和阻挡柱状体的材料包括金属或高强耐温塑料等。
- 根据权利要求1-6中任一项所述的装置,其特征在于:所述分割柱状体的横截面为圆形、椭圆形、菱形、水滴型、或任何有利于文丘里效应形成的几何形状。
- 根据权利要求1-6中任一项所述的装置,其特征在于:所述阻挡柱状体的横截面为圆形、椭圆形或任何有利于文丘里效应形成并且能和大柱状体表面紧密接触的几何形状。
- 据权利要求1-6中任一项所述的装置,其特征在于:所述带螺旋的连杆用手动或电动调节。
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