WO2013172141A1 - Ammonia engine - Google Patents

Ammonia engine Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2013172141A1
WO2013172141A1 PCT/JP2013/061312 JP2013061312W WO2013172141A1 WO 2013172141 A1 WO2013172141 A1 WO 2013172141A1 JP 2013061312 W JP2013061312 W JP 2013061312W WO 2013172141 A1 WO2013172141 A1 WO 2013172141A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
combustion chamber
ammonia
gas
cylinder
piston
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/JP2013/061312
Other languages
French (fr)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
政晴 石本
Original Assignee
岩井 好朗
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 岩井 好朗 filed Critical 岩井 好朗
Priority to JP2014515545A priority Critical patent/JP6078056B2/en
Publication of WO2013172141A1 publication Critical patent/WO2013172141A1/en

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M27/00—Apparatus for treating combustion-air, fuel, or fuel-air mixture, by catalysts, electric means, magnetism, rays, sound waves, or the like
    • F02M27/02—Apparatus for treating combustion-air, fuel, or fuel-air mixture, by catalysts, electric means, magnetism, rays, sound waves, or the like by catalysts
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B19/00—Engines characterised by precombustion chambers
    • F02B19/12—Engines characterised by precombustion chambers with positive ignition
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B19/00—Engines characterised by precombustion chambers
    • F02B19/16—Chamber shapes or constructions not specific to sub-groups F02B19/02 - F02B19/10
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B23/00—Other engines characterised by special shape or construction of combustion chambers to improve operation
    • F02B23/08—Other engines characterised by special shape or construction of combustion chambers to improve operation with positive ignition
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B43/00—Engines characterised by operating on gaseous fuels; Plants including such engines
    • F02B43/10—Engines or plants characterised by use of other specific gases, e.g. acetylene, oxyhydrogen
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B77/00—Component parts, details or accessories, not otherwise provided for
    • F02B77/11—Thermal or acoustic insulation
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M21/00—Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form
    • F02M21/02—Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form for gaseous fuels
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02F—CYLINDERS, PISTONS OR CASINGS, FOR COMBUSTION ENGINES; ARRANGEMENTS OF SEALINGS IN COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02F3/00—Pistons 
    • F02F3/10—Pistons  having surface coverings
    • F02F3/12—Pistons  having surface coverings on piston heads
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/30—Use of alternative fuels, e.g. biofuels

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an ammonia engine using ammonia gas as a fuel.
  • an ammonia engine has attracted attention as an engine using a renewable fuel from the viewpoint of environmental protection such as prevention of global warming.
  • the ammonia engine uses flame retardant ammonia gas as a fuel, it is necessary to devise measures for making the ammonia gas easily burnable.
  • the conventional ammonia engine arranges a plurality of spark plugs in the combustion chamber and generates ignition fire nuclei at a plurality of locations so that ammonia gas is easily burned (for example, Patent Document 1). reference).
  • an ammonia engine of the present invention is an ammonia engine in which ammonia gas is supplied as fuel into a combustion chamber of a cylinder.
  • the ammonia engine is disposed in the combustion chamber and uses the ammonia gas supplied into the combustion chamber.
  • a catalyst member that decomposes into nitrogen gas and hydrogen gas is provided.
  • the ammonia gas supplied into the combustion chamber of the cylinder is decomposed into nitrogen gas and hydrogen gas by coming into contact with the catalyst member. Combining with oxygen inside makes it easy to burn.
  • the volume of the combustion chamber is reduced by the volume of the catalyst member disposed in the combustion chamber and the compression ratio of the ammonia engine is increased, the temperature of the combustion chamber can be raised by the compression heat, and the ammonia gas By increasing the density, ammonia gas in contact with the catalyst member can be increased.
  • the ammonia gas supplied into the combustion chamber can be efficiently decomposed into easily combustible hydrogen gas, so that the combustion efficiency of the ammonia engine can be improved.
  • the catalyst member has a heat storage function for storing heat generated in the combustion chamber.
  • the ammonia gas can be decomposed more efficiently by the heat stored in the catalyst member, the combustion efficiency of the ammonia engine can be further improved.
  • the cylinder includes a cylinder liner formed in a cylindrical shape, a piston provided in the cylinder liner so as to be capable of reciprocating in the axial direction thereof, and an axial end of the cylinder liner disposed between the piston and the piston.
  • the catalyst member has a fixed catalyst portion attached to the cylinder head or the cylinder liner.
  • the reciprocation of the piston is greater than when attached to the piston on the movable side of the cylinder. It is possible to suppress the application of external force such as inertial force due to movement. Therefore, it is possible to prevent the catalyst member from being damaged during the driving of the ammonia engine.
  • the cylinder includes a cylinder liner formed in a cylindrical shape, a piston provided in the cylinder liner so as to be capable of reciprocating in the axial direction thereof, and an axial end of the cylinder liner disposed between the piston and the piston.
  • the catalyst member has a fixed side catalyst portion attached to the cylinder head or the cylinder liner, and the ammonia engine includes the fixed side catalyst. It is preferable to further include a heating device for heating the part. In this case, since the catalyst member has a fixed-side catalyst portion attached to the cylinder head or cylinder liner on the fixed side of the cylinder, the reciprocation of the piston is greater than when attached to the piston on the movable side of the cylinder.
  • the ammonia engine includes a heating device that heats the fixed catalyst portion, the fixed catalyst is heated by the heating device until the fixed catalyst portion can store heat generated in the combustion chamber after the ammonia engine is started. Part can be heated. Thereby, since ammonia gas can be decomposed
  • the ammonia engine further includes an ignition device attached to the cylinder head and having an ignition unit for igniting hydrogen gas decomposed from ammonia gas, and the hydrogen gas is disposed in the vicinity of the ignition unit of the fixed side catalyst unit. It is preferable that a pre-combustion chamber for burning is formed. In this case, hydrogen gas decomposed from ammonia gas in the pre-combustion chamber can be efficiently burned by the ignition unit.
  • At least one of a supply passage for supplying ammonia gas into the combustion chamber and an exhaust passage for discharging exhaust gas after combustion generated in the combustion chamber to the outside is provided in the fixed side catalyst portion. Is preferably formed. In this case, since the number of parts is reduced as compared with the case where the supply passage and / or the discharge passage are provided separately from the stationary catalyst portion, the configuration of the ammonia engine can be simplified.
  • the catalyst member further includes a movable catalyst part attached to an end surface of the piston on the combustion chamber side.
  • the volume of the combustion chamber is further reduced by the volume of the movable side catalyst portion, and the compression ratio of the ammonia engine is further increased, so that the ammonia gas can be decomposed more efficiently.
  • At least one of a supply passage for supplying ammonia gas into the combustion chamber and an exhaust passage for discharging exhaust gas after combustion generated in the combustion chamber to the outside is provided in the fixed side catalyst portion. It is preferable that the movable side catalyst portion is disposed so as to be insertable into the at least one passage by movement of the piston. In this case, since the movable catalyst part is inserted into the supply passage and / or the discharge passage of the fixed catalyst part when the piston moves, it is possible to prevent the two catalyst parts from interfering with each other.
  • the catalyst member is preferably made of nickel.
  • the catalyst member is made of nickel having excellent heat resistance, pressure resistance and vibration resistance, the life of the catalyst member can be extended.
  • the cylinder is preferably insulated.
  • the heat generated in the combustion chamber of the cylinder can be prevented from being released to the outside of the cylinder, so that the combustion efficiency of the ammonia engine can be further improved.
  • the ammonia engine further includes a supply device that supplies a mixed gas obtained by mixing ammonia gas and oxygen gas into the combustion chamber.
  • a supply device that supplies a mixed gas obtained by mixing ammonia gas and oxygen gas into the combustion chamber.
  • the combustion efficiency can be improved.
  • FIG. 1 is a side sectional view of an ammonia engine according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line AA in FIG. 1 showing a fixed side catalyst portion.
  • FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line BB in FIG. 1 showing a movable side catalyst part. It is side sectional drawing of the ammonia engine which shows the state which raised the piston. It is a sectional side view of the ammonia engine which concerns on 2nd Embodiment of this invention.
  • FIG. 6 is a plan view of a fixed side catalyst portion in the ammonia engine of FIG. 5.
  • FIG. 1 is a side sectional view of an ammonia engine according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
  • an ammonia engine 1 of this embodiment includes a cylinder 2 having a combustion chamber 21 therein, a supply device 3 for supplying a mixed gas in which ammonia gas (fuel) and air are mixed into the combustion chamber 21, An ignition device 4 for burning the mixed gas supplied into the combustion chamber 21, a discharge device 5 for discharging the exhaust gas after combustion to the outside from the combustion chamber 21, and a catalyst member 6 disposed in the combustion chamber 21.
  • the cylinder 2 includes a cylindrical cylinder liner 22 supported by the support member 9, a piston 23 provided in the cylinder liner 22 so as to be capable of reciprocating in the vertical direction (axial direction), and an upper end portion of the cylinder liner 22. And a cylinder head 24 disposed at (one axial end).
  • the cylinder head 24 is formed in a bowl shape, for example, and is fixed to the cylinder liner 22 with its opening directed downward.
  • a space surrounded by the inner circumferential surface of the cylinder liner 22, the upper surface of the piston 23, and the inner surface 24 c of the cylinder head 24 is a combustion chamber 21, and the mixed gas supplied into the combustion chamber 21 is The piston 23 is compressed by ascending.
  • the cylinder head 24 is provided with a supply hole 24a for supplying the mixed gas into the combustion chamber 21 and a discharge hole 24b for discharging the exhaust gas to the outside.
  • the support member 9 has a wall surface 9a having a circular cross section on which the outer peripheral surface of the cylinder liner 22 is fitted.
  • a plurality of annular concave grooves 9a1 are formed on the wall surface 9a at predetermined intervals in the axial direction.
  • the annular space surrounded by each concave groove 9a1 and the outer peripheral surface of the cylinder liner 22 is configured as a heat insulating space S1 for suppressing heat generated in the combustion chamber 21 from being released to the outside of the cylinder liner 22.
  • the ignition device 4 is made of, for example, an ignition plug, and is fixed through the thickness of the cylinder head 24 in the center thereof.
  • An ignition unit 4 a that ignites hydrogen gas decomposed from ammonia gas in the mixed gas supplied into the combustion chamber 21 is provided at the lower end of the ignition device 4.
  • the supply device 3 includes a supply valve 3a that opens and closes the supply hole 24a, and the mixed gas is supplied from the supply hole 24a into the combustion chamber 21 by opening the supply valve 3a by a driving unit (not shown). It has become.
  • the discharge device 5 includes a discharge valve 5a that opens and closes the discharge hole 24b, and the exhaust valve 5a is driven to open by driving means (not shown), whereby exhaust gas after combustion in the combustion chamber 21 is discharged from the discharge hole 24b. It has come to be.
  • the ammonia gas contained in the mixed gas comes into contact with the catalyst member 6 in the combustion chamber 21, the ammonia gas (NH 3 ) is converted into nitrogen gas (N 2 ) and hydrogen as shown in the following formula (1). It decomposes into gas (H 2 ). 2NH 3 ⁇ N 2 + 3H 2 (1) The decomposed hydrogen gas is combined with oxygen in the atmosphere in the combustion chamber 21 (oxygen contained in the air in the mixed gas) and burned by a spark generated in the ignition unit 4a of the ignition device 4. Yes.
  • the catalyst member 6 has a heat storage function for storing heat generated in the combustion chamber 21, and the temperature of the mixed gas supplied into the combustion chamber 21 is increased by the stored heat. Yes. Further, the catalyst member 6 is disposed in the combustion chamber 21, and the volume of the combustion chamber 21 is reduced by the volume of the catalyst member 6 to increase the compression ratio of the ammonia engine 1. Thus, since the inside of the combustion chamber 21 is brought into a high temperature and high pressure state by the catalyst member 6, the ammonia gas can be efficiently decomposed.
  • metal members such as cobalt, nickel, chromium, cerium, iron, copper, platinum, titanium, manganese, molybdenum, tungsten, palladium, ruthenium, vanadium, zirconium, bismuth, silicon, for example And alloys thereof (including sintered alloys) or plating. Since the catalyst member 6 of this embodiment is used in a high temperature and high pressure state, it is excellent in heat resistance, pressure resistance and vibration resistance, and nickel plating is used in consideration of cost.
  • the catalyst member 6 is configured by a fixed side catalyst portion 7 attached to the inner surface 24 c of the cylinder head 24 and a movable side catalyst portion 8 attached to the upper surface of the piston 23.
  • the fixed-side catalyst unit 7 is formed in, for example, a flat hemispherical shape, and is entirely housed in the cylinder head 24.
  • the spherical outer peripheral surface 7a of the fixed-side catalyst unit 7 is fixed to the inner surface 24c of the cylinder head 24 via annular first to fourth annular plates 10 to 13.
  • the first annular plate 10 is disposed so as to cover the outside of the opening of a recess 7e (described later) of the fixed-side catalyst unit 7.
  • the second and third annular plates 11 and 12 are arranged so as to cover the outside of the openings of the supply passage 7c (described later) and the discharge passage 7d (described later), respectively.
  • the fourth annular plate 13 is disposed so as to cover the lower end of the outer peripheral surface 7a of the fixed-side catalyst unit 7 over the entire circumference.
  • a supply passage 7 c having a circular cross section for supplying the mixed gas into the combustion chamber 21 at a position facing the supply hole 24 a of the cylinder head 24 is provided in the fixed side catalyst portion 7.
  • the supply passage 7c is formed such that the hole diameter of the supply passage 7c gradually increases from the outer peripheral surface 7a to the inner surface 7h of the fixed side catalyst portion 7, and the supply valve 3a reciprocates in the supply passage 7c. It is supposed to be.
  • the fixed-side catalyst unit 7 has a discharge passage 7d having a circular cross section for discharging the exhaust gas after combustion generated in the combustion chamber 21 to the outside at a position facing the discharge hole 24b of the cylinder head 24. It is formed to penetrate in the direction.
  • the discharge passage 7d is formed such that the hole diameter of the discharge passage 7d gradually increases from the outer peripheral surface 7a to the inner surface 7h of the fixed side catalyst portion 7, and the discharge valve 5a reciprocates in the discharge passage 7d. It is supposed to be.
  • a substantially conical recess 7e is formed around the ignition part 4a at the center of the outer peripheral surface 7a of the fixed-side catalyst part 7.
  • a space surrounded by the recess 7e and the inner surface 24c of the cylinder head 24 is a pre-combustion chamber 7f for burning hydrogen gas decomposed from ammonia gas in the vicinity of the ignition part 4a.
  • a plurality of small holes 7g communicating with the supply passage 7c, the discharge passage 7d, and the combustion chamber 21 below the precombustion chamber 7f are formed in the recess 7e of the fixed side catalyst portion 7 so as to extend radially (also in FIG. 2). reference).
  • FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line BB of FIG.
  • FIG. 4 is a side sectional view of the ammonia engine 1 showing a state where the piston 23 is raised.
  • the movable side catalyst portion 8 includes a disk-shaped substrate portion 8a disposed above the piston 23, and first and second projecting portions 8b and 2b protruding from the upper surface of the substrate portion 8a. It is comprised by the protrusion part 8c.
  • the substrate portion 8a is fixed to the upper surface of the piston 23 (end surface on the combustion chamber 21 side) via an annular fifth annular plate 15, and the upper surface of the piston 23, the lower surface of the substrate portion 8a, and the fifth annular plate.
  • the gap surrounded by the plate 15 is configured as a heat insulating space S ⁇ b> 3 for suppressing heat generated in the combustion chamber 21 from being released to the piston 23 side via the movable catalyst portion 8.
  • the cylinder 2 is insulated by the heat insulation space S3 and the heat insulation spaces S1 and S2 described above.
  • the first protrusion 8b is formed, for example, in the shape of a truncated cone, and is inserted into the supply passage 7c in the fixed-side catalyst portion 7 as the piston 23 rises as shown in FIG. .
  • the upper surface of the first protrusion 8b is formed to be inclined with respect to the horizontal plane so as not to interfere with the supply valve 3a when inserted into the supply passage 7c.
  • the second projecting portion 8c is formed, for example, in the shape of a truncated cone, and is inserted into the discharge passage 7d in the fixed-side catalyst portion 7 as the piston 23 rises as shown in FIG. .
  • the upper surface of the second protrusion 8c is formed to be inclined with respect to the horizontal plane so that it does not interfere with the discharge valve 5a when inserted into the discharge passage 7d.
  • the ammonia gas in the mixed gas supplied into the combustion chamber 21 of the cylinder 2 is decomposed into nitrogen gas and hydrogen gas by contacting the catalyst member 6. Therefore, the hydrogen gas after decomposition becomes easy to burn by being combined with oxygen in the atmosphere in the combustion chamber 21. Moreover, since the volume of the combustion chamber 21 is reduced by the volume of the catalyst member 6 disposed in the combustion chamber 21 and the compression ratio of the ammonia engine 1 is increased, the temperature in the combustion chamber 21 is raised by the compression heat. In addition, the ammonia gas in contact with the catalyst member 6 can be increased by increasing the density of the ammonia gas. As a result, the ammonia gas supplied into the combustion chamber 21 can be efficiently decomposed into hydrogen gas that is easily combusted, so that the combustion efficiency and output of the ammonia engine 1 can be improved.
  • the catalyst member 6 has a heat storage function for storing heat generated in the combustion chamber 21, the ammonia gas can be decomposed more efficiently by the heat stored in the catalyst member 6. Thereby, the combustion efficiency of the ammonia engine 1 can be further improved.
  • the catalyst member 6 since the catalyst member 6 has the fixed-side catalyst portion 7 attached to the cylinder head 24 that is the fixed side of the cylinder 2, the piston is compared with the case where it is attached to the piston 23 that is the movable side of the cylinder 2. It is possible to suppress the application of an external force such as an inertial force due to the reciprocating movement of 23. Therefore, it is possible to prevent the catalyst member 6 from being damaged during the driving of the ammonia engine 1.
  • a pre-combustion chamber 7f for burning hydrogen gas decomposed from ammonia gas is formed in the vicinity of the ignition unit 4a of the fixed-side catalyst unit 7, the pre-combustion chamber 7f was decomposed from ammonia gas. Hydrogen gas can be efficiently burned by the ignition unit 4a.
  • the supply passage 7c and the discharge passage 7d are formed in the fixed side catalyst portion 7, the number of parts can be reduced as compared with the case where the supply passage 7c and the discharge passage 7d are provided separately from the fixed side catalyst portion 7. Can be reduced. Thereby, the structure of the ammonia engine 1 can be simplified.
  • the movable side catalyst unit 8 is attached to the end surface (upper surface) of the piston 23 on the combustion chamber 21 side, the volume of the combustion chamber 21 can be further reduced by the volume of the movable side catalyst unit 8. Thereby, since the compression ratio of the ammonia engine 1 can be further increased, the ammonia gas can be decomposed more efficiently. Further, when the piston 23 is raised, the movable side catalyst portion 8 is inserted into the supply passage 7c and the discharge passage 7d of the fixed side catalyst portion 7, so that it is possible to prevent the two catalyst portions 7 and 8 from interfering with each other. .
  • the catalyst member 6 is made of nickel plating excellent in heat resistance, pressure resistance and vibration resistance, the life of the catalyst member 6 can be extended.
  • the cylinder 2 is insulated by the heat insulating spaces S1 to S3, it is possible to suppress the heat generated in the combustion chamber 21 of the cylinder 2 from being released to the outside of the cylinder 2. Thereby, the combustion efficiency of the ammonia engine 1 can be further improved.
  • the ammonia engine 1 includes the supply device 3 that supplies a mixed gas in which ammonia gas and air are mixed into the combustion chamber 21, the hydrogen gas decomposed from the ammonia gas in the combustion chamber 21 is mixed. It can be combined with oxygen gas contained in the air in the gas and burned. Thereby, the combustion efficiency of the ammonia engine 1 can be further improved.
  • FIG. 5 is a side sectional view of the ammonia engine 1 according to the second embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 6 is a plan view of the fixed-side catalyst unit 7 in the ammonia engine 1.
  • the ammonia engine 1 in the present embodiment includes a heating device 16 that heats the stationary catalyst unit 7.
  • the heating device 16 includes, for example, a pair of heating wires 16a formed in a spiral shape.
  • Each heating wire 16a is accommodated in a pair of recesses 7a1 formed in a substantially elliptical shape in plan view on the outer peripheral surface 7a of the fixed-side catalyst unit 7.
  • the shape of the recess 7a1 may be formed in other shapes such as a rectangular shape in plan view in addition to a substantially elliptical shape in plan view.
  • the heating device 16 starts operation immediately before the start of the ammonia engine 1 so as to heat the fixed side catalyst unit 7 immediately before the start of the ammonia engine 1 and during the warm-up operation immediately after the start.
  • the heating device 16 stops its operation when the ammonia engine 1 changes from the warm-up operation to the normal operation and the fixed-side catalyst unit 7 can store heat by the heat generated in the combustion chamber 21.
  • the description is abbreviate
  • the stationary catalyst unit 7 can be heated by the heating device 16 until the stationary catalyst unit 7 can store heat generated in the combustion chamber 21. .
  • the combustion efficiency of the ammonia engine 1 can further be improved.
  • the catalyst member 6 in the above embodiment has a heat storage function, but it is sufficient that it has at least a function as a catalyst for decomposing ammonia gas.
  • the fixed side catalyst portion 7 of the catalyst member 6 is attached to the cylinder head 24, but may be attached to the inner peripheral surface of the cylinder liner 22. In this case, the inner peripheral surface of the cylinder liner 22 can be protected by the catalyst member 6.
  • the catalyst member 6 is constituted by the fixed side catalyst part 7 and the movable side catalyst part 8, it may be constituted by only one catalyst part.
  • the catalyst member 6 is provided as a separate body from the cylinder 2, but may be formed integrally with the cylinder 2.
  • the supply passage 7c and the discharge passage 7d are formed in the fixed-side catalyst unit 7, only one of the passages may be formed.
  • the movable-side catalyst unit 8 only needs to have the first projecting portion 8b or the second projecting portion 8c inserted into one of the passages.
  • the fixed side catalyst portion 7 may be one in which neither the supply passage 7c nor the discharge passage 7d is formed.
  • the supply apparatus 3 is supplying the mixed gas which mixed ammonia gas and air, what is necessary is just to supply the mixed gas which mixed ammonia gas and oxygen gas at least. Moreover, you may make it the supply apparatus 3 supply ammonia gas and air (or oxygen gas) separately.
  • the cylinder 2 is insulated by the heat insulating spaces S1 to S3, but may be insulated by a heat insulating material.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Combustion Methods Of Internal-Combustion Engines (AREA)
  • Ignition Installations For Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)
  • Catalysts (AREA)
  • Output Control And Ontrol Of Special Type Engine (AREA)
  • Cylinder Crankcases Of Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)

Abstract

The purpose of the present invention is to provide an ammonia engine which can achieve an enhanced combustion efficiency. In this ammonia engine, a catalyst member (6) which can decompose the ammonia gas fed as fuel into nitrogen gas and hydrogen gas is disposed in a combustion chamber (21) in a cylinder (2).

Description

アンモニアエンジンAmmonia engine
　本発明は、アンモニアガスを燃料とするアンモニアエンジンに関する。 The present invention relates to an ammonia engine using ammonia gas as a fuel.
　近年、地球温暖化防止などの環境保全の観点から、再生可能な燃料を用いたエンジンとして、アンモニアエンジンが着目されている。しかし、アンモニアエンジンは、難燃性のアンモニアガスを燃料としているため、アンモニアガスを燃え易くするための工夫が必要になる。このため、従来のアンモニアエンジンは、燃焼室に複数の点火プラグを配置し、点火火災核を複数の箇所で生成することによって、アンモニアガスを容易に燃焼させるようにしている（例えば、特許文献１参照）。 In recent years, an ammonia engine has attracted attention as an engine using a renewable fuel from the viewpoint of environmental protection such as prevention of global warming. However, since the ammonia engine uses flame retardant ammonia gas as a fuel, it is necessary to devise measures for making the ammonia gas easily burnable. For this reason, the conventional ammonia engine arranges a plurality of spark plugs in the combustion chamber and generates ignition fire nuclei at a plurality of locations so that ammonia gas is easily burned (for example, Patent Document 1). reference).
特開２０１０－１５９７０５号公報JP 2010-159705 A
　しかしながら、この種のアンモニアエンジンにあっては、燃焼室内に供給されたアンモニアガスの燃焼効率が依然として低いため、未だ実用化されていないのが現状である。
　本発明は、かかる事情に鑑みてなされたものであり、燃焼効率を向上させることができるアンモニアエンジンを提供することを目的とする。 However, in this type of ammonia engine, since the combustion efficiency of ammonia gas supplied into the combustion chamber is still low, it has not been put into practical use yet.
This invention is made | formed in view of this situation, and it aims at providing the ammonia engine which can improve combustion efficiency.
　前記目的を達成するための本発明のアンモニアエンジンは、シリンダの燃焼室内に燃料としてアンモニアガスが供給されるアンモニアエンジンであって、前記燃焼室内に配置され、当該燃焼室内に供給されたアンモニアガスを窒素ガスと水素ガスとに分解する触媒部材を備えていることを特徴とする。 In order to achieve the above object, an ammonia engine of the present invention is an ammonia engine in which ammonia gas is supplied as fuel into a combustion chamber of a cylinder. The ammonia engine is disposed in the combustion chamber and uses the ammonia gas supplied into the combustion chamber. A catalyst member that decomposes into nitrogen gas and hydrogen gas is provided.
　本発明のアンモニアエンジンによれば、シリンダの燃焼室内に供給されたアンモニアガスは、触媒部材に接触することにより窒素ガスと水素ガスとに分解されるため、分解後の水素ガスは燃焼室内の雰囲気中の酸素と結合することで燃焼し易くなる。しかも、燃焼室内に配置された触媒部材の容積分だけ燃焼室の容積が減少してアンモニアエンジンの圧縮比が高くなるため、その圧縮熱により燃焼室内を昇温させることができるとともに、アンモニアガスが高密度になることで触媒部材に接触するアンモニアガスを増加させることができる。これにより、燃焼室内に供給されたアンモニアガスを燃焼し易い水素ガスに効率的に分解することができるため、アンモニアエンジンの燃焼効率を向上させることができる。 According to the ammonia engine of the present invention, the ammonia gas supplied into the combustion chamber of the cylinder is decomposed into nitrogen gas and hydrogen gas by coming into contact with the catalyst member. Combining with oxygen inside makes it easy to burn. In addition, since the volume of the combustion chamber is reduced by the volume of the catalyst member disposed in the combustion chamber and the compression ratio of the ammonia engine is increased, the temperature of the combustion chamber can be raised by the compression heat, and the ammonia gas By increasing the density, ammonia gas in contact with the catalyst member can be increased. Thereby, the ammonia gas supplied into the combustion chamber can be efficiently decomposed into easily combustible hydrogen gas, so that the combustion efficiency of the ammonia engine can be improved.
　前記触媒部材は、前記燃焼室内で発生した熱を蓄熱する蓄熱機能を有することが好ましい。
　この場合、触媒部材に蓄熱された熱により、アンモニアガスをさらに効率的に分解することができるため、アンモニアエンジンの燃焼効率をさらに向上させることができる。 It is preferable that the catalyst member has a heat storage function for storing heat generated in the combustion chamber.
In this case, since the ammonia gas can be decomposed more efficiently by the heat stored in the catalyst member, the combustion efficiency of the ammonia engine can be further improved.
　前記シリンダは、筒状に形成されたシリンダライナと、前記シリンダライナ内にその軸方向に往復移動可能に設けられたピストンと、前記シリンダライナの軸方向一端部に配置されて前記ピストンとの間に前記燃焼室を形成しているシリンダヘッドと、を有し、前記触媒部材は、前記シリンダヘッド又は前記シリンダライナに取り付けられた固定側触媒部を有していることが好ましい。
　この場合、触媒部材は、シリンダの固定側となるシリンダヘッド又はシリンダライナに取り付けられた固定側触媒部を有しているため、シリンダの可動側となるピストンに取り付ける場合に比べて、ピストンの往復移動による慣性力等の外力が作用するのを抑制することができる。したがって、アンモニアエンジンの駆動中に触媒部材が破損するのを抑制することができる。 The cylinder includes a cylinder liner formed in a cylindrical shape, a piston provided in the cylinder liner so as to be capable of reciprocating in the axial direction thereof, and an axial end of the cylinder liner disposed between the piston and the piston. It is preferable that the catalyst member has a fixed catalyst portion attached to the cylinder head or the cylinder liner.
In this case, since the catalyst member has a fixed-side catalyst portion attached to the cylinder head or cylinder liner on the fixed side of the cylinder, the reciprocation of the piston is greater than when attached to the piston on the movable side of the cylinder. It is possible to suppress the application of external force such as inertial force due to movement. Therefore, it is possible to prevent the catalyst member from being damaged during the driving of the ammonia engine.
　前記シリンダは、筒状に形成されたシリンダライナと、前記シリンダライナ内にその軸方向に往復移動可能に設けられたピストンと、前記シリンダライナの軸方向一端部に配置されて前記ピストンとの間に前記燃焼室を形成しているシリンダヘッドと、を有し、前記触媒部材は、前記シリンダヘッド又は前記シリンダライナに取り付けられた固定側触媒部を有し、前記アンモニアエンジンは、前記固定側触媒部を加熱する加熱装置をさらに備えていることが好ましい。
　この場合、触媒部材は、シリンダの固定側となるシリンダヘッド又はシリンダライナに取り付けられた固定側触媒部を有しているため、シリンダの可動側となるピストンに取り付ける場合に比べて、ピストンの往復移動による慣性力等の外力が作用するのを抑制することができる。したがって、アンモニアエンジンの駆動中に触媒部材が破損するのを抑制することができる。
　また、アンモニアエンジンは固定側触媒部を加熱する加熱装置を備えているため、アンモニアエンジンの始動後に固定側触媒部が燃焼室内で発生した熱を蓄熱できる状態になるまで、加熱装置により固定側触媒部を加熱することができる。これにより、アンモニアガスをさらに効率的に分解することができるため、アンモニアエンジンの燃焼効率をさらに向上させることができる。 The cylinder includes a cylinder liner formed in a cylindrical shape, a piston provided in the cylinder liner so as to be capable of reciprocating in the axial direction thereof, and an axial end of the cylinder liner disposed between the piston and the piston. And the catalyst member has a fixed side catalyst portion attached to the cylinder head or the cylinder liner, and the ammonia engine includes the fixed side catalyst. It is preferable to further include a heating device for heating the part.
In this case, since the catalyst member has a fixed-side catalyst portion attached to the cylinder head or cylinder liner on the fixed side of the cylinder, the reciprocation of the piston is greater than when attached to the piston on the movable side of the cylinder. It is possible to suppress the application of external force such as inertial force due to movement. Therefore, it is possible to prevent the catalyst member from being damaged during the driving of the ammonia engine.
In addition, since the ammonia engine includes a heating device that heats the fixed catalyst portion, the fixed catalyst is heated by the heating device until the fixed catalyst portion can store heat generated in the combustion chamber after the ammonia engine is started. Part can be heated. Thereby, since ammonia gas can be decomposed | disassembled more efficiently, the combustion efficiency of an ammonia engine can be improved further.
　前記アンモニアエンジンは、前記シリンダヘッドに取り付けられ、アンモニアガスから分解された水素ガスを点火させる点火部を有する点火装置をさらに備え、前記固定側触媒部の前記点火部の近傍には、前記水素ガスを燃焼させるための予燃室が形成されていることが好ましい。
　この場合、予燃室においてアンモニアガスから分解された水素ガスを点火部により効率良く燃焼させることができる。 The ammonia engine further includes an ignition device attached to the cylinder head and having an ignition unit for igniting hydrogen gas decomposed from ammonia gas, and the hydrogen gas is disposed in the vicinity of the ignition unit of the fixed side catalyst unit. It is preferable that a pre-combustion chamber for burning is formed.
In this case, hydrogen gas decomposed from ammonia gas in the pre-combustion chamber can be efficiently burned by the ignition unit.
　前記固定側触媒部には、前記燃焼室内にアンモニアガスを供給するための供給通路、及び前記燃焼室内で発生する燃焼後の排気ガスを外部へ排出するための排出通路のうちの少なくとも一方の通路が形成されていることが好ましい。
　この場合、供給通路及び／又は排出通路を、固定側触媒部と別体として設ける場合に比べて、部品点数が少なくなるため、アンモニアエンジンの構成を簡素化することができる。 At least one of a supply passage for supplying ammonia gas into the combustion chamber and an exhaust passage for discharging exhaust gas after combustion generated in the combustion chamber to the outside is provided in the fixed side catalyst portion. Is preferably formed.
In this case, since the number of parts is reduced as compared with the case where the supply passage and / or the discharge passage are provided separately from the stationary catalyst portion, the configuration of the ammonia engine can be simplified.
　前記触媒部材は、前記ピストンの前記燃焼室側の端面に取り付けられた可動側触媒部をさらに有していることが好ましい。
　この場合、可動側触媒部の容積分だけ燃焼室の容積がさらに減少して、アンモニアエンジンの圧縮比がさらに高くなるため、アンモニアガスをさらに効率的に分解することができる。 It is preferable that the catalyst member further includes a movable catalyst part attached to an end surface of the piston on the combustion chamber side.
In this case, the volume of the combustion chamber is further reduced by the volume of the movable side catalyst portion, and the compression ratio of the ammonia engine is further increased, so that the ammonia gas can be decomposed more efficiently.
　前記固定側触媒部には、前記燃焼室内にアンモニアガスを供給するための供給通路、及び前記燃焼室内で発生する燃焼後の排気ガスを外部へ排出するための排出通路のうちの少なくとも一方の通路が形成され、前記可動側触媒部は、前記ピストンの移動により前記少なくとも一方の通路に挿入可能に配置されていることが好ましい。
　この場合、ピストンが移動したときに可動側触媒部は固定側触媒部の供給通路及び／又は排出通路に挿入されるため、両触媒部が干渉するのを防止することができる。 At least one of a supply passage for supplying ammonia gas into the combustion chamber and an exhaust passage for discharging exhaust gas after combustion generated in the combustion chamber to the outside is provided in the fixed side catalyst portion. It is preferable that the movable side catalyst portion is disposed so as to be insertable into the at least one passage by movement of the piston.
In this case, since the movable catalyst part is inserted into the supply passage and / or the discharge passage of the fixed catalyst part when the piston moves, it is possible to prevent the two catalyst parts from interfering with each other.
　前記触媒部材はニッケルからなることが好ましい。
　この場合、触媒部材は、耐熱性、耐圧性及び耐振性に優れたニッケルからなるため、触媒部材の長寿命化を図ることができる。 The catalyst member is preferably made of nickel.
In this case, since the catalyst member is made of nickel having excellent heat resistance, pressure resistance and vibration resistance, the life of the catalyst member can be extended.
　前記シリンダは断熱されていることが好ましい。この場合、シリンダの燃焼室内で発生した熱がシリンダの外方へ放出されるのを抑制することができるため、アンモニアエンジンの燃焼効率をさらに向上させることができる。 The cylinder is preferably insulated. In this case, the heat generated in the combustion chamber of the cylinder can be prevented from being released to the outside of the cylinder, so that the combustion efficiency of the ammonia engine can be further improved.
　前記アンモニアエンジンは、前記燃焼室内にアンモニアガスと酸素ガスとを混合した混合ガスを供給する供給装置をさらに備えていることが好ましい。
　この場合、燃焼室内においてアンモニアガスから分解された水素ガスを、混合ガスに含まれる酸素ガスと結合して燃焼させることができるため、アンモニアエンジンの燃焼効率をさらに向上させることができる。 It is preferable that the ammonia engine further includes a supply device that supplies a mixed gas obtained by mixing ammonia gas and oxygen gas into the combustion chamber.
In this case, since the hydrogen gas decomposed from the ammonia gas in the combustion chamber can be combined with the oxygen gas contained in the mixed gas and burned, the combustion efficiency of the ammonia engine can be further improved.
　本発明のアンモニアエンジンによれば、燃焼効率を向上させることができる。 According to the ammonia engine of the present invention, the combustion efficiency can be improved.
本発明の第１実施形態に係るアンモニアエンジンの側断面図である。1 is a side sectional view of an ammonia engine according to a first embodiment of the present invention. 固定側触媒部を示す図１のＡ－Ａ矢視断面図である。FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line AA in FIG. 1 showing a fixed side catalyst portion. 可動側触媒部を示す図１のＢ－Ｂ矢視断面図である。FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line BB in FIG. 1 showing a movable side catalyst part. ピストンを上昇させた状態を示すアンモニアエンジンの側断面図である。It is side sectional drawing of the ammonia engine which shows the state which raised the piston. 本発明の第２実施形態に係るアンモニアエンジンの側断面図である。It is a sectional side view of the ammonia engine which concerns on 2nd Embodiment of this invention. 図５のアンモニアエンジンにおける固定側触媒部の平面図である。FIG. 6 is a plan view of a fixed side catalyst portion in the ammonia engine of FIG. 5.
　以下、本発明の実施の形態を図面に基づいて説明する。
　図１は本発明の第１実施形態に係るアンモニアエンジンの側断面図である。図１において、本実施形態のアンモニアエンジン１は、内部に燃焼室２１を有するシリンダ２と、燃焼室２１内にアンモニアガス（燃料）と空気とを混合した混合ガスを供給する供給装置３と、燃焼室２１内に供給された混合ガスを燃焼させる点火装置４と、燃焼後の排気ガスを燃焼室２１から外部へ排出する排出装置５と、燃焼室２１内に配置された触媒部材６とを備えている。 Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
FIG. 1 is a side sectional view of an ammonia engine according to a first embodiment of the present invention. In FIG. 1, an ammonia engine 1 of this embodiment includes a cylinder 2 having a combustion chamber 21 therein, a supply device 3 for supplying a mixed gas in which ammonia gas (fuel) and air are mixed into the combustion chamber 21, An ignition device 4 for burning the mixed gas supplied into the combustion chamber 21, a discharge device 5 for discharging the exhaust gas after combustion to the outside from the combustion chamber 21, and a catalyst member 6 disposed in the combustion chamber 21. I have.
　シリンダ２は、支持部材９により支持されている円筒状のシリンダライナ２２と、シリンダライナ２２内にその上下方向（軸方向）に往復移動可能に設けられたピストン２３と、シリンダライナ２２の上端部（軸方向一端部）に配置されたシリンダヘッド２４とを有している。シリンダヘッド２４は、例えば椀状に形成されており、その開口を下方に向けた状態でシリンダライナ２２に固定されている。シリンダライナ２２の内周面と、ピストン２３の上面と、シリンダヘッド２４の内面２４ｃとによって囲まれた空間が、燃焼室２１とされており、この燃焼室２１内に供給された混合ガスは、ピストン２３が上昇することにより圧縮される。また、シリンダヘッド２４には、混合ガスを燃焼室２１内に供給するための供給孔２４ａ、及び前記排気ガスを外部へ排出するための排出孔２４ｂが形成されている。 The cylinder 2 includes a cylindrical cylinder liner 22 supported by the support member 9, a piston 23 provided in the cylinder liner 22 so as to be capable of reciprocating in the vertical direction (axial direction), and an upper end portion of the cylinder liner 22. And a cylinder head 24 disposed at (one axial end). The cylinder head 24 is formed in a bowl shape, for example, and is fixed to the cylinder liner 22 with its opening directed downward. A space surrounded by the inner circumferential surface of the cylinder liner 22, the upper surface of the piston 23, and the inner surface 24 c of the cylinder head 24 is a combustion chamber 21, and the mixed gas supplied into the combustion chamber 21 is The piston 23 is compressed by ascending. The cylinder head 24 is provided with a supply hole 24a for supplying the mixed gas into the combustion chamber 21 and a discharge hole 24b for discharging the exhaust gas to the outside.
　支持部材９は、シリンダライナ２２の外周面が嵌合される断面円状の壁面９ａを有しており、この壁面９ａには、環状の凹溝９ａ１が軸方向に所定間隔をあけて複数形成されている。各凹溝９ａ１とシリンダライナ２２の外周面とによって囲まれた環状空間は、燃焼室２１内で発生した熱がシリンダライナ２２の外方へ放出されるのを抑制するための断熱空間Ｓ１として構成されている。 The support member 9 has a wall surface 9a having a circular cross section on which the outer peripheral surface of the cylinder liner 22 is fitted. A plurality of annular concave grooves 9a1 are formed on the wall surface 9a at predetermined intervals in the axial direction. Has been. The annular space surrounded by each concave groove 9a1 and the outer peripheral surface of the cylinder liner 22 is configured as a heat insulating space S1 for suppressing heat generated in the combustion chamber 21 from being released to the outside of the cylinder liner 22. Has been.
　点火装置４は、例えば点火プラグからなり、シリンダヘッド２４の中心部において、その厚さ方向に貫通して固定されている。点火装置４の下端部には、燃焼室２１内に供給された混合ガス中のアンモニアガスから分解された水素ガスを点火させる点火部４ａが設けられている。 The ignition device 4 is made of, for example, an ignition plug, and is fixed through the thickness of the cylinder head 24 in the center thereof. An ignition unit 4 a that ignites hydrogen gas decomposed from ammonia gas in the mixed gas supplied into the combustion chamber 21 is provided at the lower end of the ignition device 4.
　供給装置３は、供給孔２４ａを開閉する供給弁３ａを備えており、図示しない駆動手段により供給弁３ａを開放駆動することにより、供給孔２４ａから燃焼室２１内に混合ガスが供給されるようになっている。
　排出装置５は、排出孔２４ｂを開閉する排出弁５ａを備えており、図示しない駆動手段により排出弁５ａを開放駆動することにより、燃焼室２１内の燃焼後の排気ガスが排出孔２４ｂから排出されるようになっている。 The supply device 3 includes a supply valve 3a that opens and closes the supply hole 24a, and the mixed gas is supplied from the supply hole 24a into the combustion chamber 21 by opening the supply valve 3a by a driving unit (not shown). It has become.
The discharge device 5 includes a discharge valve 5a that opens and closes the discharge hole 24b, and the exhaust valve 5a is driven to open by driving means (not shown), whereby exhaust gas after combustion in the combustion chamber 21 is discharged from the discharge hole 24b. It has come to be.
　触媒部材６は、燃焼室２１内において混合ガスに含まれるアンモニアガスが接触することにより、当該アンモニアガス（ＮＨ３）を、下記式（１）に示すように、窒素ガス（Ｎ２）と水素ガス（Ｈ２）とに分解するものである。
　２ＮＨ３→Ｎ２＋３Ｈ２　　・・・（１）
　分解後の水素ガスは、点火装置４の点火部４ａで発生する火花により、燃焼室２１内の雰囲気中の酸素（混合ガス中の空気に含まれる酸素）と結合して燃焼するようになっている。 When the ammonia gas contained in the mixed gas comes into contact with the catalyst member 6 in the combustion chamber 21, the ammonia gas (NH 3 ) is converted into nitrogen gas (N 2 ) and hydrogen as shown in the following formula (1). It decomposes into gas (H 2 ).
2NH 3 → N 2 + 3H 2 (1)
The decomposed hydrogen gas is combined with oxygen in the atmosphere in the combustion chamber 21 (oxygen contained in the air in the mixed gas) and burned by a spark generated in the ignition unit 4a of the ignition device 4. Yes.
　ところで、水素ガスは、アンモニアガスを分解すると、前記式（１）に示すように、モル数が２倍になることで、体積が２倍になって体積膨張するため、燃焼室２１外でアンモニアガスを分解して、その分解後に体積膨張した水素ガスをすべて燃焼室２１内に供給することは困難になる。これに対して、本実施形態では、燃焼室２１内でアンモニアガスを分解しているため、燃焼室２１内で前記体積膨張した水素ガスは燃焼室２１から外部へほとんど排出されることなく、燃焼に使用することができる。このため、本実施形態では、燃焼室２１外でアンモニアガスを分解する場合に比べて、分解後の水素ガスを、燃焼室２１内に多く取り入れることができ、その分、アンモニアエンジン１の出力を向上させることができる。
　また、アンモニアガスは、通常、高温で水素ガスと窒素ガスとに分解されるが、アンモニアガスを触媒部材６に接触させることにより、その分解温度を効果的に低減することができる。 By the way, when hydrogen gas decomposes ammonia gas, as shown in the above formula (1), the number of moles doubles and the volume doubles and expands. It becomes difficult to decompose the gas and supply all the hydrogen gas volume expanded after the decomposition into the combustion chamber 21. On the other hand, in the present embodiment, ammonia gas is decomposed in the combustion chamber 21, and thus the volume-expanded hydrogen gas in the combustion chamber 21 is hardly discharged from the combustion chamber 21 to the outside. Can be used for For this reason, in this embodiment, compared with the case where ammonia gas is decomposed outside the combustion chamber 21, more hydrogen gas after decomposition can be taken into the combustion chamber 21, and the output of the ammonia engine 1 is correspondingly increased. Can be improved.
In addition, ammonia gas is normally decomposed into hydrogen gas and nitrogen gas at a high temperature, but the decomposition temperature can be effectively reduced by bringing ammonia gas into contact with the catalyst member 6.
　触媒部材６は、燃焼室２１内で発生した熱を蓄熱する蓄熱機能を有しており、その蓄熱された熱により、燃焼室２１内に供給された混合ガスの温度を上昇させるようになっている。さらに、触媒部材６は、燃焼室２１内に配置されており、触媒部材６の容積分だけ燃焼室２１の容積を減少させ、アンモニアエンジン１の圧縮比を高くしている。このように、燃焼室２１内は、触媒部材６によって高温及び高圧の状態となるため、アンモニアガスを効率良く分解することができる。 The catalyst member 6 has a heat storage function for storing heat generated in the combustion chamber 21, and the temperature of the mixed gas supplied into the combustion chamber 21 is increased by the stored heat. Yes. Further, the catalyst member 6 is disposed in the combustion chamber 21, and the volume of the combustion chamber 21 is reduced by the volume of the catalyst member 6 to increase the compression ratio of the ammonia engine 1. Thus, since the inside of the combustion chamber 21 is brought into a high temperature and high pressure state by the catalyst member 6, the ammonia gas can be efficiently decomposed.
　なお、本発明における触媒部材６としては、例えば、コバルト、ニッケル、クロム、セリウム、鉄、銅、白金、チタン、マンガン、モリブデン、タングステン、パラジウム、ルテニウム、バナジウム、ジルコニウム、ビスマス、シリコンなどの金属部材、並びにこれらの合金（焼結合金を含む）又はメッキなどが挙げられる。本実施形態の触媒部材６は、高温及び高圧の状態で用いられるため、耐熱性、耐圧性及び耐振性に優れ、かつコスト面を考慮して、ニッケルメッキが用いられている。 In addition, as the catalyst member 6 in this invention, metal members, such as cobalt, nickel, chromium, cerium, iron, copper, platinum, titanium, manganese, molybdenum, tungsten, palladium, ruthenium, vanadium, zirconium, bismuth, silicon, for example And alloys thereof (including sintered alloys) or plating. Since the catalyst member 6 of this embodiment is used in a high temperature and high pressure state, it is excellent in heat resistance, pressure resistance and vibration resistance, and nickel plating is used in consideration of cost.
　図２は、図１のＡ－Ａ矢視断面図である。図１及び図２において、触媒部材６は、シリンダヘッド２４の内面２４ｃに取り付けられている固定側触媒部７と、ピストン２３の上面に取り付けられている可動側触媒部８とによって構成されている。
　固定側触媒部７は、例えば扁平半球状に形成されており、その全体がシリンダヘッド２４の内部に収納されている。 2 is a cross-sectional view taken along line AA in FIG. In FIG. 1 and FIG. 2, the catalyst member 6 is configured by a fixed side catalyst portion 7 attached to the inner surface 24 c of the cylinder head 24 and a movable side catalyst portion 8 attached to the upper surface of the piston 23. .
The fixed-side catalyst unit 7 is formed in, for example, a flat hemispherical shape, and is entirely housed in the cylinder head 24.
　固定側触媒部７の球状の外周面７ａは、図１に示すように、円環状の第１～第４環状板１０～１３を介して、シリンダヘッド２４の内面２４ｃに固定されている。第１環状板１０は、固定側触媒部７の窪み７ｅ（後述）の開口の外側を覆うように配置されている。第２，第３環状板１１，１２は、供給通路７ｃ（後述）及び排出通路７ｄ（後述）の開口の外側をそれぞれ覆うように配置されている。第４環状板１３は、固定側触媒部７の外周面７ａの下端部を全周に亘って覆うように配置されている。固定側触媒部７の外周面７ａとシリンダヘッド２４の内面２４ｃと第１環状板１０と第４環状板１３とによって囲まれた空間（第２及び第３環状板１１，１２の各内側の空間を除く）は、燃焼室２１内で発生した熱が、固定側触媒部７を介してシリンダヘッド２４の外方へ放出されるのを抑制するための断熱空間Ｓ２として構成されている。 As shown in FIG. 1, the spherical outer peripheral surface 7a of the fixed-side catalyst unit 7 is fixed to the inner surface 24c of the cylinder head 24 via annular first to fourth annular plates 10 to 13. The first annular plate 10 is disposed so as to cover the outside of the opening of a recess 7e (described later) of the fixed-side catalyst unit 7. The second and third annular plates 11 and 12 are arranged so as to cover the outside of the openings of the supply passage 7c (described later) and the discharge passage 7d (described later), respectively. The fourth annular plate 13 is disposed so as to cover the lower end of the outer peripheral surface 7a of the fixed-side catalyst unit 7 over the entire circumference. A space surrounded by the outer peripheral surface 7a of the fixed-side catalyst unit 7, the inner surface 24c of the cylinder head 24, the first annular plate 10 and the fourth annular plate 13 (the spaces inside the second and third annular plates 11 and 12). Is configured as a heat insulating space S <b> 2 for suppressing the heat generated in the combustion chamber 21 from being released to the outside of the cylinder head 24 via the fixed side catalyst portion 7.
　図１及び図２に示すように、固定側触媒部７には、シリンダヘッド２４の供給孔２４ａに対向する位置に、燃焼室２１内に混合ガスを供給するための断面円状の供給通路７ｃが上下方向に貫通して形成されている。供給通路７ｃは、固定側触媒部７の外周面７ａから内面７ｈに向かうに従って、当該供給通路７ｃの孔径が漸次拡大するように形成されており、この供給通路７ｃ内において供給弁３ａが往復移動するようになっている。 As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, a supply passage 7 c having a circular cross section for supplying the mixed gas into the combustion chamber 21 at a position facing the supply hole 24 a of the cylinder head 24 is provided in the fixed side catalyst portion 7. Are formed penetrating in the vertical direction. The supply passage 7c is formed such that the hole diameter of the supply passage 7c gradually increases from the outer peripheral surface 7a to the inner surface 7h of the fixed side catalyst portion 7, and the supply valve 3a reciprocates in the supply passage 7c. It is supposed to be.
　また、固定側触媒部７には、シリンダヘッド２４の排出孔２４ｂに対向する位置に、燃焼室２１で発生する燃焼後の排気ガスを外部へ排出するための断面円状の排出通路７ｄが上下方向に貫通して形成されている。排出通路７ｄは、固定側触媒部７の外周面７ａから内面７ｈに向かうに従って、当該排出通路７ｄの孔径が漸次拡大するように形成されており、この排出通路７ｄ内において排出弁５ａが往復移動するようになっている。 Further, the fixed-side catalyst unit 7 has a discharge passage 7d having a circular cross section for discharging the exhaust gas after combustion generated in the combustion chamber 21 to the outside at a position facing the discharge hole 24b of the cylinder head 24. It is formed to penetrate in the direction. The discharge passage 7d is formed such that the hole diameter of the discharge passage 7d gradually increases from the outer peripheral surface 7a to the inner surface 7h of the fixed side catalyst portion 7, and the discharge valve 5a reciprocates in the discharge passage 7d. It is supposed to be.
　図１において、固定側触媒部７の外周面７ａの中央部には、点火部４ａの周りに略円錐状の窪み７ｅが形成されている。この窪み７ｅとシリンダヘッド２４の内面２４ｃとによって囲まれた空間は、点火部４ａの近傍でアンモニアガスから分解された水素ガスを燃焼させるための予燃室７ｆとされている。固定側触媒部７の窪み７ｅには、供給通路７ｃ、排出通路７ｄ及び予燃室７ｆ下方の燃焼室２１にそれぞれ連通する複数の小孔７ｇが放射状に延びて形成されている（図２も参照）。 In FIG. 1, a substantially conical recess 7e is formed around the ignition part 4a at the center of the outer peripheral surface 7a of the fixed-side catalyst part 7. A space surrounded by the recess 7e and the inner surface 24c of the cylinder head 24 is a pre-combustion chamber 7f for burning hydrogen gas decomposed from ammonia gas in the vicinity of the ignition part 4a. A plurality of small holes 7g communicating with the supply passage 7c, the discharge passage 7d, and the combustion chamber 21 below the precombustion chamber 7f are formed in the recess 7e of the fixed side catalyst portion 7 so as to extend radially (also in FIG. 2). reference).
　以上の構成により、ピストン２３が上昇すると（図４参照）、燃焼室２１内の混合ガスの一部が、小孔７ｇに入り込んで圧縮されながら、高温の固定側触媒部７に接触することにより、混合ガス中のアンモニアガスが分解され、その分解後の水素ガスが予燃室７ｆ内に導入される。この状態で、点火部４ａにより予燃室７ｆ内の水素ガスを点火すると、予燃室７ｆ内は、水素ガスの燃焼により高圧になることで、その燃焼による炎が、各小孔７ｇを通過して予燃室７ｆ下方の燃焼室２１内へ放射状に勢いよく伝播する。これにより、燃焼室２１に存在する未燃の水素ガスを効率良く燃焼させることができる。 With the above configuration, when the piston 23 rises (see FIG. 4), a part of the mixed gas in the combustion chamber 21 enters the small hole 7g and is compressed while coming into contact with the high-temperature fixed-side catalyst unit 7. The ammonia gas in the mixed gas is decomposed, and the hydrogen gas after the decomposition is introduced into the precombustion chamber 7f. In this state, when the ignition unit 4a ignites the hydrogen gas in the pre-combustion chamber 7f, the pre-combustion chamber 7f has a high pressure due to the combustion of the hydrogen gas, and the flame due to the combustion passes through each small hole 7g As a result, it propagates radially and vigorously into the combustion chamber 21 below the pre-combustion chamber 7f. Thereby, the unburned hydrogen gas existing in the combustion chamber 21 can be burned efficiently.
　図３は、可動側触媒部８を示す図１のＢ－Ｂ矢視断面図である。また、図４は、ピストン２３を上昇させた状態を示すアンモニアエンジン１の側断面図である。図３及び図４において、可動側触媒部８は、ピストン２３の上方に配置された円板状の基板部８ａと、この基板部８ａの上面に突設された第１突出部８ｂ及び第２突出部８ｃとによって構成されている。 3 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line BB of FIG. FIG. 4 is a side sectional view of the ammonia engine 1 showing a state where the piston 23 is raised. 3 and 4, the movable side catalyst portion 8 includes a disk-shaped substrate portion 8a disposed above the piston 23, and first and second projecting portions 8b and 2b protruding from the upper surface of the substrate portion 8a. It is comprised by the protrusion part 8c.
　基板部８ａは、ピストン２３の上面（燃焼室２１側の端面）に円環状の第５環状板１５を介して固定されており、ピストン２３の上面と、基板部８ａの下面と、第５環状板１５とによって囲まれた隙間は、燃焼室２１内で発生した熱が、可動側触媒部８を介してピストン２３側へ放出されるのを抑制するための断熱空間Ｓ３として構成されている。この断熱空間Ｓ３と、上述の断熱空間Ｓ１，Ｓ２とによって、シリンダ２は断熱されている。 The substrate portion 8a is fixed to the upper surface of the piston 23 (end surface on the combustion chamber 21 side) via an annular fifth annular plate 15, and the upper surface of the piston 23, the lower surface of the substrate portion 8a, and the fifth annular plate. The gap surrounded by the plate 15 is configured as a heat insulating space S <b> 3 for suppressing heat generated in the combustion chamber 21 from being released to the piston 23 side via the movable catalyst portion 8. The cylinder 2 is insulated by the heat insulation space S3 and the heat insulation spaces S1 and S2 described above.
　第１突出部８ｂは、例えば截頭円錐体状に形成されており、図４に示すように、ピストン２３の上昇により、固定側触媒部７における供給通路７ｃに挿入されるようになっている。第１突出部８ｂの上面は、供給通路７ｃに挿入されたときに供給弁３ａと干渉しないように、水平面に対して傾斜して形成されている。 The first protrusion 8b is formed, for example, in the shape of a truncated cone, and is inserted into the supply passage 7c in the fixed-side catalyst portion 7 as the piston 23 rises as shown in FIG. . The upper surface of the first protrusion 8b is formed to be inclined with respect to the horizontal plane so as not to interfere with the supply valve 3a when inserted into the supply passage 7c.
　第２突出部８ｃは、例えば截頭円錐体状に形成されており、図４に示すように、ピストン２３の上昇により、固定側触媒部７における排出通路７ｄに挿入されるようになっている。第２突出部８ｃの上面は、排出通路７ｄに挿入されたときに排出弁５ａと干渉しないように、水平面に対して傾斜して形成されている。 The second projecting portion 8c is formed, for example, in the shape of a truncated cone, and is inserted into the discharge passage 7d in the fixed-side catalyst portion 7 as the piston 23 rises as shown in FIG. . The upper surface of the second protrusion 8c is formed to be inclined with respect to the horizontal plane so that it does not interfere with the discharge valve 5a when inserted into the discharge passage 7d.
　以上、本実施形態のアンモニアエンジン１によれば、シリンダ２の燃焼室２１内に供給された混合ガス中のアンモニアガスは、触媒部材６に接触することにより、窒素ガスと水素ガスとに分解されるため、分解後の水素ガスは燃焼室２１内の雰囲気中の酸素と結合することで燃焼し易くなる。しかも、燃焼室２１内に配置された触媒部材６の容積分だけ燃焼室２１の容積が減少して、アンモニアエンジン１の圧縮比が高くなるため、その圧縮熱により燃焼室２１内を昇温させることができるとともに、アンモニアガスが高密度になることで触媒部材６に接触するアンモニアガスを増加させることができる。これにより、燃焼室２１内に供給されたアンモニアガスを燃焼し易い水素ガスに効率的に分解することができるため、アンモニアエンジン１の燃焼効率及び出力を向上させることができる。 As described above, according to the ammonia engine 1 of the present embodiment, the ammonia gas in the mixed gas supplied into the combustion chamber 21 of the cylinder 2 is decomposed into nitrogen gas and hydrogen gas by contacting the catalyst member 6. Therefore, the hydrogen gas after decomposition becomes easy to burn by being combined with oxygen in the atmosphere in the combustion chamber 21. Moreover, since the volume of the combustion chamber 21 is reduced by the volume of the catalyst member 6 disposed in the combustion chamber 21 and the compression ratio of the ammonia engine 1 is increased, the temperature in the combustion chamber 21 is raised by the compression heat. In addition, the ammonia gas in contact with the catalyst member 6 can be increased by increasing the density of the ammonia gas. As a result, the ammonia gas supplied into the combustion chamber 21 can be efficiently decomposed into hydrogen gas that is easily combusted, so that the combustion efficiency and output of the ammonia engine 1 can be improved.
　また、触媒部材６は、燃焼室２１内で発生した熱を蓄熱する蓄熱機能を有しているため、触媒部材６に蓄熱された熱により、アンモニアガスをさらに効率的に分解することができる。これにより、アンモニアエンジン１の燃焼効率をさらに向上させることができる。 Further, since the catalyst member 6 has a heat storage function for storing heat generated in the combustion chamber 21, the ammonia gas can be decomposed more efficiently by the heat stored in the catalyst member 6. Thereby, the combustion efficiency of the ammonia engine 1 can be further improved.
　また、触媒部材６は、シリンダ２の固定側となるシリンダヘッド２４に取り付けられた固定側触媒部７を有しているため、シリンダ２の可動側となるピストン２３に取り付ける場合に比べて、ピストン２３の往復移動による慣性力等の外力が作用するのを抑制することができる。したがって、アンモニアエンジン１の駆動中に触媒部材６が破損するのを抑制することができる。 Further, since the catalyst member 6 has the fixed-side catalyst portion 7 attached to the cylinder head 24 that is the fixed side of the cylinder 2, the piston is compared with the case where it is attached to the piston 23 that is the movable side of the cylinder 2. It is possible to suppress the application of an external force such as an inertial force due to the reciprocating movement of 23. Therefore, it is possible to prevent the catalyst member 6 from being damaged during the driving of the ammonia engine 1.
　また、固定側触媒部７の点火部４ａの近傍に、アンモニアガスから分解された水素ガスを燃焼させるための予燃室７ｆが形成されているため、予燃室７ｆにおいてアンモニアガスから分解された水素ガスを点火部４ａにより効率良く燃焼させることができる。
　また、固定側触媒部７には、供給通路７ｃ及び排出通路７ｄが形成されているため、供給通路７ｃ及び排出通路７ｄを固定側触媒部７と別体として設ける場合に比べて、部品点数を少なくすることができる。これにより、アンモニアエンジン１の構成を簡素化することができる。 Further, since a pre-combustion chamber 7f for burning hydrogen gas decomposed from ammonia gas is formed in the vicinity of the ignition unit 4a of the fixed-side catalyst unit 7, the pre-combustion chamber 7f was decomposed from ammonia gas. Hydrogen gas can be efficiently burned by the ignition unit 4a.
In addition, since the supply passage 7c and the discharge passage 7d are formed in the fixed side catalyst portion 7, the number of parts can be reduced as compared with the case where the supply passage 7c and the discharge passage 7d are provided separately from the fixed side catalyst portion 7. Can be reduced. Thereby, the structure of the ammonia engine 1 can be simplified.
　また、ピストン２３の燃焼室２１側の端面（上面）に可動側触媒部８が取り付けられているため、可動側触媒部８の容積分だけ燃焼室２１の容積をさらに減少させることができる。これにより、アンモニアエンジン１の圧縮比をさらに高くすることができるため、アンモニアガスをさらに効率的に分解することができる。また、ピストン２３が上昇したときに可動側触媒部８は固定側触媒部７の供給通路７ｃ及び排出通路７ｄに挿入されるため、両触媒部７，８が干渉するのを防止することができる。 Further, since the movable side catalyst unit 8 is attached to the end surface (upper surface) of the piston 23 on the combustion chamber 21 side, the volume of the combustion chamber 21 can be further reduced by the volume of the movable side catalyst unit 8. Thereby, since the compression ratio of the ammonia engine 1 can be further increased, the ammonia gas can be decomposed more efficiently. Further, when the piston 23 is raised, the movable side catalyst portion 8 is inserted into the supply passage 7c and the discharge passage 7d of the fixed side catalyst portion 7, so that it is possible to prevent the two catalyst portions 7 and 8 from interfering with each other. .
　また、触媒部材６は、耐熱性、耐圧性及び耐振性に優れたニッケルメッキからなるため、触媒部材６の長寿命化を図ることができる。 Further, since the catalyst member 6 is made of nickel plating excellent in heat resistance, pressure resistance and vibration resistance, the life of the catalyst member 6 can be extended.
　シリンダ２は断熱空間Ｓ１～Ｓ３によって断熱されているため、シリンダ２の燃焼室２１内で発生した熱がシリンダ２の外方へ放出されるのを抑制することができる。これにより、アンモニアエンジン１の燃焼効率をさらに向上させることができる。 Since the cylinder 2 is insulated by the heat insulating spaces S1 to S3, it is possible to suppress the heat generated in the combustion chamber 21 of the cylinder 2 from being released to the outside of the cylinder 2. Thereby, the combustion efficiency of the ammonia engine 1 can be further improved.
　また、アンモニアエンジン１は、燃焼室２１内にアンモニアガスと空気とを混合した混合ガスを供給する供給装置３を備えているため、燃焼室２１内においてアンモニアガスから分解された水素ガスを、混合ガス中の空気に含まれる酸素ガスと結合して燃焼させることができる。これにより、アンモニアエンジン１の燃焼効率をさらに向上させることができる。 Further, since the ammonia engine 1 includes the supply device 3 that supplies a mixed gas in which ammonia gas and air are mixed into the combustion chamber 21, the hydrogen gas decomposed from the ammonia gas in the combustion chamber 21 is mixed. It can be combined with oxygen gas contained in the air in the gas and burned. Thereby, the combustion efficiency of the ammonia engine 1 can be further improved.
　図５は、本発明の第２実施形態に係るアンモニアエンジン１の側断面図である。また、図６は、そのアンモニアエンジン１における固定側触媒部７の平面図である。
　図５及び図６に示すように、本実施形態におけるアンモニアエンジン１は、固定側触媒部７を加熱する加熱装置１６を備えている。この加熱装置１６は、例えば、渦巻状に形成された一対の電熱線１６ａを有している。各電熱線１６ａは、固定側触媒部７の外周面７ａにおいて平面視略楕円状に形成された一対の凹部７ａ１にそれぞれ収容されている。なお、凹部７ａ１の形状は、平面視略楕円状以外に、平面視矩形状など他の形状に形成されていてもよい。 FIG. 5 is a side sectional view of the ammonia engine 1 according to the second embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 6 is a plan view of the fixed-side catalyst unit 7 in the ammonia engine 1.
As shown in FIGS. 5 and 6, the ammonia engine 1 in the present embodiment includes a heating device 16 that heats the stationary catalyst unit 7. The heating device 16 includes, for example, a pair of heating wires 16a formed in a spiral shape. Each heating wire 16a is accommodated in a pair of recesses 7a1 formed in a substantially elliptical shape in plan view on the outer peripheral surface 7a of the fixed-side catalyst unit 7. In addition, the shape of the recess 7a1 may be formed in other shapes such as a rectangular shape in plan view in addition to a substantially elliptical shape in plan view.
　加熱装置１６は、アンモニアエンジン１の始動直前に作動を開始することで、アンモニアエンジン１の始動直前及び始動直後の暖気運転中に固定側触媒部７を加熱するようになっている。そして、加熱装置１６は、アンモニアエンジン１が前記暖気運転から通常運転となり、且つ固定側触媒部７が燃焼室２１内で発生した熱により蓄熱できる状態になると、その作動を停止する。なお、本実施形態のその他の構成は、第１実施形態と同様であるため、その説明を省略する。 The heating device 16 starts operation immediately before the start of the ammonia engine 1 so as to heat the fixed side catalyst unit 7 immediately before the start of the ammonia engine 1 and during the warm-up operation immediately after the start. The heating device 16 stops its operation when the ammonia engine 1 changes from the warm-up operation to the normal operation and the fixed-side catalyst unit 7 can store heat by the heat generated in the combustion chamber 21. In addition, since the other structure of this embodiment is the same as that of 1st Embodiment, the description is abbreviate | omitted.
　以上、本実施形態におけるアンモニアエンジン１によれば、固定側触媒部７が燃焼室２１内で発生した熱を蓄熱できる状態になるまで、加熱装置１６により固定側触媒部７を加熱することができる。これにより、アンモニアガスをさらに効率的に分解することができるため、アンモニアエンジン１の燃焼効率をさらに向上させることができる。 As described above, according to the ammonia engine 1 in the present embodiment, the stationary catalyst unit 7 can be heated by the heating device 16 until the stationary catalyst unit 7 can store heat generated in the combustion chamber 21. . Thereby, since ammonia gas can be decomposed | disassembled more efficiently, the combustion efficiency of the ammonia engine 1 can further be improved.
　上述の実施の形態はすべて例示であって制限的なものではない。本発明の権利範囲は請求の範囲によって規定され、そこに記載された構成と均等の範囲内のすべての変更は本発明の技術的範囲に含まれる。
　例えば、上記実施形態における触媒部材６は、蓄熱機能を有しているが、少なくともアンモニアガスを分解する触媒としての機能を有していればよい。
　また、触媒部材６の固定側触媒部７は、シリンダヘッド２４に取り付けられているが、シリンダライナ２２の内周面に取り付けられていてもよい。この場合、シリンダライナ２２の内周面を触媒部材６によって保護することができる。 The above-described embodiments are all illustrative and not restrictive. The scope of right of the present invention is defined by the claims, and all modifications within the scope equivalent to the configurations described therein are included in the technical scope of the present invention.
For example, the catalyst member 6 in the above embodiment has a heat storage function, but it is sufficient that it has at least a function as a catalyst for decomposing ammonia gas.
Further, the fixed side catalyst portion 7 of the catalyst member 6 is attached to the cylinder head 24, but may be attached to the inner peripheral surface of the cylinder liner 22. In this case, the inner peripheral surface of the cylinder liner 22 can be protected by the catalyst member 6.
　さらに、触媒部材６は、固定側触媒部７と可動側触媒部８とによって構成されているが、一方の触媒部のみによって構成されていてもよい。
　また、触媒部材６は、シリンダ２に対して別体として設けられているが、シリンダ２と一体に形成されていてもよい。
　また、固定側触媒部７には、供給通路７ｃ及び排出通路７ｄが形成されているが、一方の通路のみが形成されたものであってもよい。この場合、可動側触媒部８は、その一方の通路に挿入される第１突出部８ｂ又は第２突出部８ｃを有していればよい。また、固定側触媒部７は、供給通路７ｃ及び排出通路７ｄのいずれも形成されていないものであってもよい。 Furthermore, although the catalyst member 6 is constituted by the fixed side catalyst part 7 and the movable side catalyst part 8, it may be constituted by only one catalyst part.
The catalyst member 6 is provided as a separate body from the cylinder 2, but may be formed integrally with the cylinder 2.
In addition, although the supply passage 7c and the discharge passage 7d are formed in the fixed-side catalyst unit 7, only one of the passages may be formed. In this case, the movable-side catalyst unit 8 only needs to have the first projecting portion 8b or the second projecting portion 8c inserted into one of the passages. Further, the fixed side catalyst portion 7 may be one in which neither the supply passage 7c nor the discharge passage 7d is formed.
　また、供給装置３は、アンモニアガスと空気とを混合した混合ガスを供給しているが、少なくともアンモニアガスと酸素ガスとを混合した混合ガスを供給すればよい。また、供給装置３は、アンモニアガスと空気（又は酸素ガス）とを個別に供給するようにしてもよい。
　また、シリンダ２は、断熱空間Ｓ１～Ｓ３によって断熱されているが、断熱材により断熱されていてもよい。 Moreover, although the supply apparatus 3 is supplying the mixed gas which mixed ammonia gas and air, what is necessary is just to supply the mixed gas which mixed ammonia gas and oxygen gas at least. Moreover, you may make it the supply apparatus 3 supply ammonia gas and air (or oxygen gas) separately.
The cylinder 2 is insulated by the heat insulating spaces S1 to S3, but may be insulated by a heat insulating material.
　１　　アンモニアエンジン
　２　　シリンダ
　３　　供給装置
　４　　点火装置
　４ａ　点火部
　６　　触媒部材
　７　　固定側触媒部
　７ｃ　供給通路
　７ｄ　排出通路
　７ｆ　予燃室
　８　　可動側触媒部
１６　　加熱装置
２１　　燃焼室
２２　　シリンダライナ
２３　　ピストン
２４　　シリンダヘッド DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Ammonia engine 2 Cylinder 3 Supply apparatus 4 Ignition apparatus 4a Ignition part 6 Catalyst member 7 Fixed side catalyst part 7c Supply path 7d Discharge path 7f Precombustion chamber 8 Movable side catalyst part 16 Heating apparatus 21 Combustion chamber 22 Cylinder liner 23 Piston 24 Cylinder head

Claims (11)

  1. 　シリンダの燃焼室内に燃料としてアンモニアガスが供給されるアンモニアエンジンであって、
    　前記燃焼室内に配置され、当該燃焼室内に供給されたアンモニアガスを窒素ガスと水素ガスとに分解する触媒部材を備えていることを特徴とするアンモニアエンジン。     An ammonia engine in which ammonia gas is supplied as fuel into a combustion chamber of a cylinder,
    An ammonia engine comprising a catalyst member disposed in the combustion chamber and decomposing ammonia gas supplied into the combustion chamber into nitrogen gas and hydrogen gas.
  2. 　前記触媒部材は、前記燃焼室内で発生した熱を蓄熱する蓄熱機能を有する請求項１に記載のアンモニアエンジン。 2. The ammonia engine according to claim 1, wherein the catalyst member has a heat storage function of storing heat generated in the combustion chamber.
  3. 　前記シリンダは、筒状に形成されたシリンダライナと、前記シリンダライナ内にその軸方向に往復移動可能に設けられたピストンと、前記シリンダライナの軸方向一端部に配置されて前記ピストンとの間に前記燃焼室を形成しているシリンダヘッドと、を有し、
    　前記触媒部材は、前記シリンダヘッド又は前記シリンダライナに取り付けられた固定側触媒部を有している請求項１に記載のアンモニアエンジン。     The cylinder includes a cylinder liner formed in a cylindrical shape, a piston provided in the cylinder liner so as to be capable of reciprocating in the axial direction thereof, and an axial end of the cylinder liner disposed between the piston and the piston. And a cylinder head forming the combustion chamber,
    2. The ammonia engine according to claim 1, wherein the catalyst member includes a fixed-side catalyst portion attached to the cylinder head or the cylinder liner.
  4. 　前記シリンダは、筒状に形成されたシリンダライナと、前記シリンダライナ内にその軸方向に往復移動可能に設けられたピストンと、前記シリンダライナの軸方向一端部に配置されて前記ピストンとの間に前記燃焼室を形成しているシリンダヘッドと、を有し、
    　前記触媒部材は、前記シリンダヘッド又は前記シリンダライナに取り付けられた固定側触媒部を有し、
    　前記固定側触媒部を加熱する加熱装置をさらに備えている請求項２に記載のアンモニアエンジン。     The cylinder includes a cylinder liner formed in a cylindrical shape, a piston provided in the cylinder liner so as to be capable of reciprocating in the axial direction thereof, and an axial end of the cylinder liner disposed between the piston and the piston. And a cylinder head forming the combustion chamber,
    The catalyst member has a fixed catalyst portion attached to the cylinder head or the cylinder liner,
    The ammonia engine according to claim 2, further comprising a heating device that heats the fixed-side catalyst unit.
  5. 　前記シリンダヘッドに取り付けられ、アンモニアガスから分解された水素ガスを点火させる点火部を有する点火装置をさらに備え、
    　前記固定側触媒部の前記点火部の近傍には、前記水素ガスを燃焼させるための予燃室が形成されている請求項３又は４に記載のアンモニアエンジン。     An ignition device that is attached to the cylinder head and further includes an ignition unit that ignites hydrogen gas decomposed from ammonia gas;
    The ammonia engine according to claim 3 or 4, wherein a pre-combustion chamber for burning the hydrogen gas is formed in the vicinity of the ignition part of the fixed side catalyst part.
  6. 　前記固定側触媒部には、前記燃焼室内にアンモニアガスを供給するための供給通路、及び前記燃焼室内で発生する燃焼後の排気ガスを外部へ排出するための排出通路のうちの少なくとも一方の通路が形成されている請求項３～５のいずれか一項に記載のアンモニアエンジン。 At least one of a supply passage for supplying ammonia gas into the combustion chamber and an exhaust passage for discharging exhaust gas after combustion generated in the combustion chamber to the outside is provided in the fixed side catalyst portion. The ammonia engine according to any one of claims 3 to 5, wherein is formed.
  7. 　前記触媒部材は、前記ピストンの前記燃焼室側の端面に取り付けられた可動側触媒部をさらに有している請求項３又は４に記載のアンモニアエンジン。 The ammonia engine according to claim 3 or 4, wherein the catalyst member further includes a movable catalyst portion attached to an end surface of the piston on the combustion chamber side.
  8. 　前記固定側触媒部には、前記燃焼室内にアンモニアガスを供給するための供給通路、及び前記燃焼室内で発生する燃焼後の排気ガスを外部へ排出するための排出通路のうちの少なくとも一方の通路が形成され、
    　前記可動側触媒部は、前記ピストンの移動により前記少なくとも一方の通路に挿入可能に配置されている請求項７に記載のアンモニアエンジン。     At least one of a supply passage for supplying ammonia gas into the combustion chamber and an exhaust passage for discharging exhaust gas after combustion generated in the combustion chamber to the outside is provided in the fixed side catalyst portion. Formed,
    The ammonia engine according to claim 7, wherein the movable side catalyst portion is arranged to be inserted into the at least one passage by movement of the piston.
  9. 　前記触媒部材がニッケルからなる請求項１～８のいずれか一項に記載のアンモニアエンジン。 The ammonia engine according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the catalyst member is made of nickel.
  10. 　前記シリンダが断熱されている請求項１～９のいずれか一項に記載のアンモニアエンジン。 The ammonia engine according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the cylinder is thermally insulated.
  11. 　前記燃焼室内にアンモニアガスと酸素ガスとを混合した混合ガスを供給する供給装置をさらに備えている請求項１～１０のいずれか一項に記載のアンモニアエンジン。 The ammonia engine according to any one of claims 1 to 10, further comprising a supply device that supplies a mixed gas obtained by mixing ammonia gas and oxygen gas into the combustion chamber.
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CN115306540A (en) * 2022-07-27 2022-11-08 清华大学 Jet combustion system of hydrogen-ammonia internal combustion engine and combustion control method thereof
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