WO2013156319A1 - Backsheet and composite film for a photovoltaic module - Google Patents

Backsheet and composite film for a photovoltaic module Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2013156319A1
WO2013156319A1 PCT/EP2013/057142 EP2013057142W WO2013156319A1 WO 2013156319 A1 WO2013156319 A1 WO 2013156319A1 EP 2013057142 W EP2013057142 W EP 2013057142W WO 2013156319 A1 WO2013156319 A1 WO 2013156319A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
polyamide
layer
backsheet
asa
photovoltaic module
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2013/057142
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Siegfried HAMBAUMER
Werner Krumlacher
Harald Muckenhuber
Michaela PLANK
Manfred Schlögl
Original Assignee
Isovoltaic Ag
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Publication of WO2013156319A1 publication Critical patent/WO2013156319A1/en

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
    • B32B27/06—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
    • B32B27/08—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material of synthetic resin
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
    • B32B27/28—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising synthetic resins not wholly covered by any one of the sub-groups B32B27/30 - B32B27/42
    • B32B27/281—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising synthetic resins not wholly covered by any one of the sub-groups B32B27/30 - B32B27/42 comprising polyimides
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
    • B32B27/28—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising synthetic resins not wholly covered by any one of the sub-groups B32B27/30 - B32B27/42
    • B32B27/283—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising synthetic resins not wholly covered by any one of the sub-groups B32B27/30 - B32B27/42 comprising polysiloxanes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
    • B32B27/30—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising vinyl (co)polymers; comprising acrylic (co)polymers
    • B32B27/304—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising vinyl (co)polymers; comprising acrylic (co)polymers comprising vinyl halide (co)polymers, e.g. PVC, PVDC, PVF, PVDF
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
    • B32B27/30—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising vinyl (co)polymers; comprising acrylic (co)polymers
    • B32B27/308—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising vinyl (co)polymers; comprising acrylic (co)polymers comprising acrylic (co)polymers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
    • B32B27/32—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising polyolefins
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
    • B32B27/34—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising polyamides
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
    • B32B27/36—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising polyesters
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
    • B32B27/36—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising polyesters
    • B32B27/365—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising polyesters comprising polycarbonates
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
    • C08L77/00—Compositions of polyamides obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic amide link in the main chain; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
    • C08L77/02—Polyamides derived from omega-amino carboxylic acids or from lactams thereof
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
    • H01L31/04—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices
    • H01L31/042—PV modules or arrays of single PV cells
    • H01L31/048—Encapsulation of modules
    • H01L31/049—Protective back sheets
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2250/00—Layers arrangement
    • B32B2250/03—3 layers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2250/00—Layers arrangement
    • B32B2250/24—All layers being polymeric
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2270/00—Resin or rubber layer containing a blend of at least two different polymers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/50—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular mechanical properties
    • B32B2307/514—Oriented
    • B32B2307/516—Oriented mono-axially
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/50—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular mechanical properties
    • B32B2307/514—Oriented
    • B32B2307/518—Oriented bi-axially
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/70—Other properties
    • B32B2307/712—Weather resistant
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2457/00—Electrical equipment
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a backsheet and a composite sheet for a
  • Photovoltaic module so a solar cell module for photoelectric power generation.
  • the invention further relates to a photovoltaic module, which this backsheet or this
  • the solar cells are to varying degrees sensitive to weathering. To protect the solar cells from these influences, be
  • Be encapsulation materials used which may consist of one or more layer (s) and / or plastic composites.
  • the outermost of these layers, which is applied to the back of the photovoltaic module, exposed to the weather and acts as a protective layer, is referred to as a "backsheet".
  • EP 2 275 471 B1 describes single-layered backings ("monofilms") of polyamide.
  • the polyamide is composed of linear and / or branched aliphatic and / or cycloaliphatic monomers having on average at least 8 and at most 17 C atoms and which are selected from the group consisting of diamines, dicarboxylic acids, lactams and aminocarboxylic acids, and those on lactams and aminocarboxylic acid based polyamides are crosslinked.
  • Polyamide crosslinking reaction can be produced. This is the job of
  • the fiction, contemporary backsheet for a photovoltaic module is characterized in that it contains in addition to the polyamide a terpolymer of acrylic ester, styrene and acrylonitrile. This terpolymer will hereinafter be referred to as "ASA”.
  • the terpolymer ASA is preferably present in the backsheet according to the invention to 20 to 80 parts by weight.
  • PA polyamide
  • the best polyamide 6 is suitable as the polyamide, so that in a preferred embodiment of the inventive rear foil as a polyamide at least partially, but especially exclusively, the polyamide 6 is provided.
  • terpolymer ASA is particularly well one which was prepared from 30 to 99 parts by weight of acrylic ester, 60 to 90 parts by weight of styrene and 1 to 40 parts by weight of acrylonitrile, with the proviso that the sum of Percent by weight for acrylic esters, styrene and acrylonitrile gives the value 100.
  • the fiction, contemporary backsheet may be formed as a monofilm or as a composite film.
  • the preparation can be done via the chill roll process.
  • the film may be monoaxially or biaxially stretched.
  • the present invention also relates to the use of the rear foil according to the invention in the manufacture of a photovoltaic module, and the photovoltaic module thus produced as such.
  • the fiction, contemporary backsheet can also with carrier films such as PET
  • the rear foil according to the invention can be on one or both sides
  • connection between the individual layers can be achieved by means of adhesive systems or
  • Adhesion promoters take place, wherein the adhesion promoters can also be contained proportionally in the individual layers.
  • the backsheet according to the invention, as well as the carrier foils, can be treated with stabilizers, e.g. UV stabilizers based on HALS, compatibilizers, antioxidants, dyes, flame retardants, pigments, glass fibers, or inorganic fillers.
  • carrier films and the rear film according to the invention can also be a
  • Barrier layer can be used to further reduce the water vapor and oxygen permeability.
  • This can be a metal foil, a metal oxide layer or a
  • Special polymer e.g. Be EVOH.
  • the rear foil or the carrier foil according to the invention can have an additional layer of a thermoplastic material which is suitable for binding to the
  • Embedding material of the solar cells in the PV module is used, or which this
  • the fiction, contemporary backsheet or a composite of fiction, in accordance with the rear foil and a carrier film may additionally also be provided with a metal foil.
  • the invention also relates to a composite foil, e.g. in the production of a
  • Photovoltaic module for encapsulation of embedded in a polymer solar cells can be used.
  • PET polyethylene terephthalate
  • PBT polybutylene terephthalate
  • PPO polyphenylene oxide
  • PEN polyethylene naphthalate
  • PVF polyvinyl fluoride
  • ETFE ethylene tetrafluoroethylene
  • PP polypropylene
  • PMMA Polymethylmethacrylate
  • PC polycarbonate
  • PI polyimide
  • POM polyoxymethylene
  • PA polyamide
  • ASA acrylic ester-styrene-acrylonitrile
  • the fiction, contemporary composite film is constructed at least 2-layer, wherein
  • the layer 2 comprises one or more polymers selected from the group consisting of PET (polyethylene terephthalate), PBT (polybutylene terephthalate), PPO (polyphenylene oxide), PEN (polyethylene naphthalate), PVF (polyvinyl fluoride), ETFE (ethylene tetrafluoroethylene) , PP (polypropylene), PMMA (polymethyl methacrylate), PC (polycarbonate), PI (polyimide), POM (polyoxymethylene), PA (polyamide), ASA (acrylic ester-styrene-acrylonitrile), COC
  • PET polyethylene terephthalate
  • PBT polybutylene terephthalate
  • PPO polyphenylene oxide
  • PEN polyethylene naphthalate
  • PVF polyvinyl fluoride
  • ETFE ethylene tetrafluoroethylene
  • PP polypropylene
  • PMMA polymethyl methacrylate
  • PC polycarbonate
  • the layer 1 represents the above-described rear film according to the invention and adjoins the layer 2 and, if appropriate, adhesively bonded thereto or connected via a bonding agent,
  • Embedding material binds.
  • the layer of PA and ASA thus acts as a primer. Furthermore, it has been found that the adhesion with PA and ASA in the course of hydrolytic aging tests (steam-heat, 85 ° C / 85% RH) decreases only slightly ( ⁇ 10% for EVA with a test duration of 1000 hours).
  • connection between the individual layers can be achieved by means of adhesive systems or
  • Adhesion promoters take place, wherein the adhesion promoters can also be contained proportionally in the individual layers.
  • a preferred embodiment of the composite film according to the invention is characterized in that layer 1 consists of ASA / PA and layer 2 contains ASA / PA.
  • the use of ASA / PA in adjacent layers has the advantage that they can also be directly connected to each other, ie without adhesive and without adhesion promoter.
  • the terpolymer ASA is preferably contained in layer 1 of the composite film according to the invention to 20 to 80 wt .-%.
  • PA polyamide
  • PPA polyphthalamide
  • the best polyamide 6 is suitable as the polyamide, so that in a preferred embodiment of the inventive rear foil as a polyamide at least partially, but especially exclusively, the polyamide 6 is provided.
  • terpolymer ASA is particularly well one which was prepared from 30 to 99 parts by weight of acrylic ester, 60 to 90 parts by weight of styrene and 1 to 40 parts by weight of acrylonitrile, with the proviso that the sum of Percent by weight for acrylic esters, styrene and acrylonitrile gives the value 100.
  • Another preferred embodiment of the composite film according to the invention is that it has a third layer which is bonded to the layer 1, the third layer containing a thermoplastic polymer selected from the group consisting of EVA, TPO, PVB, EBA, silicone elastomer, acrylate is. These thermoplastic elastomers may be grafted with silanes or MAH, among others.
  • This third layer serves as
  • the fiction, contemporary layers of the composite film can be produced by the chill roll process. Furthermore, the film may be monoaxially or biaxially stretched.
  • the present invention also relates to the use of the invention
  • Photovoltaic module as such.
  • the layers adjacent to the adhesion-promoting layer can also be blends
  • composite film according to the invention can be mixed with stabilizers, compatibilizers,
  • a barrier layer can also be used to further reduce the water vapor and oxygen permeability.
  • This can be a metal foil, a metal oxide layer or a
  • Special polymer e.g. Be EVOH.
  • an additional adhesion-promoting layer can be located between the adjacent layers and the composite film according to the invention, which serves for better connection to the adjacent layers.
  • Example 2a Production of a backsheet of PA6
  • the polymer was melted in an extruder at a temperature of 240 ° C and at a pressure of 105 bar and homogenized. The resulting melt was distributed through a slot die and a roller in subtracted from a continuous process. The film was subsequently over a
  • Example 2b Preparation of a backsheet from the PA6 / ASA mixture
  • Example 3 Documentation of the Permeability of Water Vapor and Oxygen of the Back Film of PA alone and the Backing Film of the Invention
  • a rear film produced from PA 12 shows a water vapor permeability of 20 g / m 2 d at a thickness of 45 ⁇ , whereas the fiction, contemporary rear film of PA6 / ASA a
  • the oxygen permeability of a backsheet made of PA12 is 605 cm 3 / m 2 d atm, whereas the rear film according to the invention from PA6 / ASA a
  • Oxygen permeability of 110 cm 3 / m 2 d atm has (measuring conditions 23 ° C / 100%
  • Example 4 Documentation of the weathering resistance of the backsheet of PA6 alone and the backsheet according to the invention
  • the backsheet made of PA6 alone prepared in Example 2a showed disadvantageous properties with respect to the decrease in elongation at break at ambient conditions which lead to hydrolysis.
  • the elongation at break is a measure of the brittleness and thus the
  • the elongation at break was determined by clamping a film strip with a width of 20 mm into a tensile testing machine. The test took place until the film broke. The elongation in% until the break of the film was evaluated.
  • PET polyethylene terephthalate
  • PBT polybutylene terephthalate
  • PPO polyphenylene oxide
  • PEN polyethylene naphthalate
  • PVF polyvinyl fluoride
  • ETFE ethylene-tetrafluoroethylene
  • PP polypropylene
  • PMMA polymethyl methacrylate
  • PC polycarbonate
  • PI polyimide
  • the two-layer composite was produced from film materials which consist of ASA / PA and one of the abovementioned polymers.
  • the ASA-PA film was bonded to the film consisting of the respective polymer in a roll to roll process by means of PU adhesive systems.
  • the PU adhesive system was applied to the film of one of the polymers mentioned by way of an applicator roll with a resin coverage of between 1 g / m 2 and 15 g / m 2 . Thereafter, the solvent of the PU adhesive system was evaporated at 120 ° C and the ASA-PA film glued to the PU adhesive system coated film between two press rolls. Other layers can be glued analogously to these layers.
  • An inventive two-layer composite material could alternatively be manufactured by coextrusion.
  • PET polyethylene terephthalate
  • PBT polybutylene terephthalate
  • PPO polyphenylene oxide
  • PEN polyethylene naphthalate
  • PVF polyvinyl fluoride
  • ETFE ethylene-tetrafluoroethylene
  • PP polypropylene
  • PMMA polymethyl methacrylate
  • PC Polycarbonate
  • PI polyimide
  • POM polyoxymethylene
  • PA polyamide
  • ASA acrylic ester-styrene-acrylonitrile
  • a coextrudate ASA / PA, PA could be prepared by coextrusion analogously to the extrusion in Example 2b.
  • the extrusion plant had to have two separate extruder, one extruder thereby processed the material ASA / PA, the second extruder, the polyamide. Via a feedblock, the polymers were then distributed so that the layer sequence
  • Multilayer composites can be produced analogously by the use of further extruders and / or the use of suitable layer distribution systems (feedblock).
  • the associated test was a T-Peel test which was carried out by means of Zwick tensile tester.
  • the adhesions were always measured between embedding and encapsulating film.
  • a composite of encapsulating material / embedding material / encapsulating material was produced in each case in the laminator.
  • the measurements were carried out after lamination and after 500h aging at 85 ° C and 85% r.h ..
  • the adhesion was tested as follows: The respective sample was in the mentioned
  • a laminated film with ASA / PA as layer 1 shows good adhesion to various embedding materials after lamination. After lamination and before steam-heat testing, polyamide itself can also have comparable adhesions. After aging at 85 ° C and 85% r.h. However, for 500h DH, PA shows a loss of adhesion which is significantly higher than in the composite film of the present invention. At EVA e.g. the liability drop is below 10%.

Abstract

The invention relates to a backsheet for a photovoltaic module, containing a polyamide and characterised in that said backsheet also contains a terpolymer consisting of acrylester, styrene and acrylonitrile (ASA), and also to a composite film that has an at least dual-layered structure, in which • (a) layer 2 contains one or more polymers which is (are) selected from the group: PET (polyethylene terephthalate), PBT (polybutylene terephthalate), PPO (polyphenylene oxide), PEN (polyethylene naphthalate), PVF (polyvinyl fluoride), ETFE (ethylene tetrafluoroethylene), PP (polypropylene), PMMA (polymethyl methacrylate), PC (polycarbonate), PI (polyimide), POM (polyoxymethylene), PA (polyamide), ASA (acrylester styrene acrylonitrile), COC (cyclic olefin copolymer) and PEI (polyetherimide), and • (b) layer 1 is a backsheet according to one of claims 1 to 6, adjoins layer 2, and if required adheres thereto or is connected thereto by means of an adhesion promoter. The invention also relates to a photovoltaic module that comprises this backsheet or composite film.

Description

Rückfolie und Verbundfolie für ein Photovoltaikmodul  Backsheet and composite foil for a photovoltaic module
Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft eine Rückfolie und eine Verbundfolie für ein The present invention relates to a backsheet and a composite sheet for a
Photovoltaikmodul, also ein Solarzellenmodul zur photoelektrischen Stromerzeugung. Die Erfindung betrifft ferner eine Photovoltaikmodul, welches diese Rückfolie oder diese Photovoltaic module, so a solar cell module for photoelectric power generation. The invention further relates to a photovoltaic module, which this backsheet or this
Verbundfolie aufweist. Composite film has.
Der Aufbau eines Photovoltaikmoduls ist in der WO 2008/138021 beispielhaft beschrieben. The structure of a photovoltaic module is described by way of example in WO 2008/138021.
Je nach Type sind die Solarzellen in unterschiedlichem Ausmaß empfindlich gegenüber Witterungseinflüssen. Um die Solarzellen vor diesen Einflüssen zu schützen, werden Depending on the type, the solar cells are to varying degrees sensitive to weathering. To protect the solar cells from these influences, be
Einkap seiung smaterialien verwendet, die aus einer oder mehreren Schicht(en) und/oder Kunststoffverbunden bestehen können. Die äußerste dieser Schichten, die an der Rückseite des Photovoltaikmoduls aufgebracht ist, den Witterungseinflüssen ausgesetzt ist und als Schutzschicht fungiert, wird als "Rückfolie" bezeichnet. Be encapsulation materials used, which may consist of one or more layer (s) and / or plastic composites. The outermost of these layers, which is applied to the back of the photovoltaic module, exposed to the weather and acts as a protective layer, is referred to as a "backsheet".
In der WO 2008/138021 wird u.a. vorgeschlagen, die Rückfolie aus Polyamid zu fertigen, wobei die Rückfolie vor allem im Verbund mit anderen Schichten vorgesehen wird. In WO 2008/138021 u.a. proposed to manufacture the backsheet of polyamide, wherein the backsheet is provided primarily in conjunction with other layers.
Demgegenüber werden in der EP 2 275 471 Bl einschichtige Rückfolien ("Monofolien") aus Polyamid beschrieben. Das Polyamid ist aus linearen und/oder verzweigten aliphatischen und oder cycloaliphatischen Monomeren aufgebaut, die im Durchschnitt mindestens 8 und maximal 17 C- Atome aufweisen und die ausgewählt sind aus der Gruppe bestehend aus Diaminen, Dicarbonsäuren, Lactamen und Aminocarbonsäuren, und wobei die auf Lactamen und Aminocarbonsäuren basierenden Polyamide vernetzt sind. In contrast, EP 2 275 471 B1 describes single-layered backings ("monofilms") of polyamide. The polyamide is composed of linear and / or branched aliphatic and / or cycloaliphatic monomers having on average at least 8 and at most 17 C atoms and which are selected from the group consisting of diamines, dicarboxylic acids, lactams and aminocarboxylic acids, and those on lactams and aminocarboxylic acid based polyamides are crosslinked.
Bei Polyamid-Monorückfolien läßt entweder die Witterungsbeständigkeit zu wünschen übrig, wenn sie z.B. aus Polyamid 6 bestehen, oder es ist die Durchlässigkeit ("Permeation") für Wasserdampf und Sauerstoff zu hoch, wenn sie z.B. aus Polyamid 12 bestehen. Es hat sich nämlich gezeigt, daß es für die dauerhafte Leistungsfähigkeit eines Photovoltaikmoduls entscheidend darauf ankommt, daß die Permeation der Rückfolie für Wasserdampf und für Sauerstoff möglichst gering sein soll. In the case of polyamide monolayers, either the weathering resistance leaves something to be desired, e.g. made of polyamide 6, or the permeability to water vapor and oxygen is too high, e.g. consist of polyamide 12. It has been shown that it is crucially important for the lasting performance of a photovoltaic module that the permeation of the rear foil for water vapor and for oxygen should be as low as possible.
Es hat sich ferner gezeigt, daß sich erst bei Vernetzung der Polyamide diese beiden nachteiligen Eigenschaften verbessern. Diese Polyamid- Vernetzung verkompliziert allerdings die Herstellung der Rückfolie. It has also been shown that these two disadvantageous properties only improve when the polyamides are crosslinked. However, this polyamide crosslinking complicates the production of the backsheet.
Es wäre daher wünschenswert, eine Rückfolie für ein Photovoltaikmodul zur Verfügung zu stellen, welche auf Polyamid basiert, eine gute Witterungsbeständigkeit bei gleichzeitig geringer Durchlässigkeit für Wasserdampf und Sauerstoff aufweist, und welche ohne It would therefore be desirable to provide a backsheet for a photovoltaic module based on polyamide while providing good weatherability has low permeability to water vapor and oxygen, and which without
Polyamid- Vernetzungsreaktion hergestellt werden kann. Dies ist die Aufgabe der Polyamide crosslinking reaction can be produced. This is the job of
vorliegenden Erfindung. present invention.
Die erfindungs gemäße Rückfolie für ein Photovoltaikmodul ist dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß sie zusätzlich zum Polyamid ein Terpolymer aus Acrylester, Styrol und Acrylnitril enthält. Dieses Terpolymer wird im folgenden als "ASA" bezeichnet. The fiction, contemporary backsheet for a photovoltaic module is characterized in that it contains in addition to the polyamide a terpolymer of acrylic ester, styrene and acrylonitrile. This terpolymer will hereinafter be referred to as "ASA".
Das Terpolymer ASA ist in der erfindungs gemäßen Rückfolie bevorzugt zu 20 bis 80 Gew.- enthalten. The terpolymer ASA is preferably present in the backsheet according to the invention to 20 to 80 parts by weight.
Als Polyamid (PA) eignen sich z.B. Polyamide vom Typ Polyamid 6, Polyamid 66, Polyamid 7, Polyamid 9, Polyamid 10, Polyamid 11, Polyamid 12, Polyamid 69, Polyamid 610, Polyamid 612, PA-6-3-T, PA 61, Polyphthalamid (PPA) sowie andere mögliche aromatische und teilaromatische Polyamide und Co-Polyamide aus diesen Typen. As the polyamide (PA), e.g. Polyamides of the type polyamide 6, polyamide 66, polyamide 7, polyamide 9, polyamide 10, polyamide 11, polyamide 12, polyamide 69, polyamide 610, polyamide 612, PA-6-3-T, PA 61, polyphthalamide (PPA) and others possible aromatic and partially aromatic polyamides and co-polyamides of these types.
Es hat sich allerdings gezeigt, daß sich als Polyamid am besten das Polyamid 6 eignet, sodaß in einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform der erfindungs gemäßen Rückfolie als Polyamid zumindest teilweise, aber insbesondere ausschließlich, das Polyamid 6 vorgesehen ist. However, it has been shown that the best polyamide 6 is suitable as the polyamide, so that in a preferred embodiment of the inventive rear foil as a polyamide at least partially, but especially exclusively, the polyamide 6 is provided.
Als Terpolymer ASA eignet sich besonders gut eines, welches zu 30 bis 99 Gew.- aus Acrylester, zu 60 bis 90 Gew.- aus Styrol und zu 1 bis 40 Gew.- aus Acrylnitril hergestellt wurde, mit der Maßgabe, daß die Summe der Gewichtsprozente für Acrylester, Styrol und Acrylnitril den Wert 100 ergibt. As terpolymer ASA is particularly well one which was prepared from 30 to 99 parts by weight of acrylic ester, 60 to 90 parts by weight of styrene and 1 to 40 parts by weight of acrylonitrile, with the proviso that the sum of Percent by weight for acrylic esters, styrene and acrylonitrile gives the value 100.
Die erfindungs gemäße Rückfolie kann als Monofolie oder als Verbundfolie ausgebildet sein. Die Herstellung kann über das Chillroll- Verfahren erfolgen. Weiters kann die Folie monoaxial oder biaxial verstreckt sein. The fiction, contemporary backsheet may be formed as a monofilm or as a composite film. The preparation can be done via the chill roll process. Furthermore, the film may be monoaxially or biaxially stretched.
Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft auch die Verwendung der erfindungsgemäßen Rückfolie bei der Herstellung eines Photovoltaikmoduls, sowie das so hergestellte Photovoltaikmodul als solches. The present invention also relates to the use of the rear foil according to the invention in the manufacture of a photovoltaic module, and the photovoltaic module thus produced as such.
Die erfindungs gemäße Rückfolie kann auch mit Trägerfolien wie PET The fiction, contemporary backsheet can also with carrier films such as PET
(Polyethylenterephthalat), PBT (Polybutylenterephthalat), PE (Polyethylen), PP (Polyethylene terephthalate), PBT (polybutylene terephthalate), PE (polyethylene), PP
(Polypropylen), PPE (Polyphenylenether), PEN (Polyethylennaphthalat) verklebt oder coextrudiert sein. Die erfindungsgemäße Rückfolie kann dabei ein- oder beidseitig (Polypropylene), PPE (polyphenylene ether), PEN (polyethylene naphthalate) glued or coextruded. The rear foil according to the invention can be on one or both sides
aufgebracht werden. Die Verbindung zwischen den einzelnen Schichten kann mittels Klebesystemen oder be applied. The connection between the individual layers can be achieved by means of adhesive systems or
Haftvermittlern erfolgen, wobei die Haftvermittler auch anteilig in den einzelnen Schichten enthalten sein können. Adhesion promoters take place, wherein the adhesion promoters can also be contained proportionally in the individual layers.
Die Trägerfolien können auch Blends (= Mischungen) oder Copolymere der einzelnen genannten Polymere sein. Weiters können die Polymere der Trägerfolie auch anteilig die Polymere der erfindungs gemäßen Rückfolie enthalten. Die erfindungsgemäße Rückfolie, als auch die Trägerfolien, können mit Stabilisatoren, wie z.B. UV-Stabilisatoren auf HALS- Basis, Verträglichkeitsvermittlern, Antioxidantien, Farbstoffen, Flammschutzmitteln, Pigmenten, Glasfasern, oder anorganischen Füllstoffen ausgerüstet werden. The carrier films may also be blends (= mixtures) or copolymers of the individual polymers mentioned. Furthermore, the polymers of the carrier film may also proportionally contain the polymers of the inventive backsheet. The backsheet according to the invention, as well as the carrier foils, can be treated with stabilizers, e.g. UV stabilizers based on HALS, compatibilizers, antioxidants, dyes, flame retardants, pigments, glass fibers, or inorganic fillers.
Zwischen den Trägerfolien und der erfindungsgemäßen Rückfolie kann auch eine Between the carrier films and the rear film according to the invention can also be a
Sperrschicht zur weiteren Reduktion der Wasserdampf- und Sauerstoffdurchlässigkeit verwendet werden. Diese kann eine Metallfolie, eine Metalloxidschicht oder ein Barrier layer can be used to further reduce the water vapor and oxygen permeability. This can be a metal foil, a metal oxide layer or a
Spezialpolymer, wie z.B. EVOH sein. Special polymer, e.g. Be EVOH.
Weiters kann die erfindungsgemäße Rückfolie oder die Trägerfolie eine zusätzliche Schicht eines thermoplastischen Materials aufweisen, welches zur Anbindung an das Furthermore, the rear foil or the carrier foil according to the invention can have an additional layer of a thermoplastic material which is suitable for binding to the
Einbettungsmaterial der Solarzellen im PV-Modul dient, oder welche dieses Embedding material of the solar cells in the PV module is used, or which this
Einbettungsmaterial ersetzt. Embedding material replaced.
Die erfindungs gemäße Rückfolie oder ein Verbund aus erfindungs gemäßer Rückfolie und einer Trägerfolie kann zusätzlich ebenfalls mit einer Metallfolie versehen sein. The fiction, contemporary backsheet or a composite of fiction, in accordance with the rear foil and a carrier film may additionally also be provided with a metal foil.
Die Erfindung betrifft auch eine Verbundfolie, die z.B. bei der Herstellung eines The invention also relates to a composite foil, e.g. in the production of a
Photovoltaikmoduls zur Einkapselung der in einem Polymer eingebetteten Solarzellen eingesetzt werden kann. Photovoltaic module for encapsulation of embedded in a polymer solar cells can be used.
Als Polymer zur Herstellung der Einkapselungsschicht können folgende verwendet werden: PET (Polyethylenterephthalat), PBT (Polybutylenterephthalat), PPO (Polyphenylenoxid), PEN (Polyethylennaphthalat), PVF (Polyvinylfluorid), ETFE (Ethylen-Tetrafluorethylen), PP (Polypropylen), PMMA (Polymethylmethacrylat), PC (Polycarbonat), PI (Polyimid), POM (Polyoxymethylen), PA (Polyamid), ASA (Acrylester-Styrol-Acrylnitril), COC As the polymer for producing the encapsulating layer, there may be used PET (polyethylene terephthalate), PBT (polybutylene terephthalate), PPO (polyphenylene oxide), PEN (polyethylene naphthalate), PVF (polyvinyl fluoride), ETFE (ethylene tetrafluoroethylene), PP (polypropylene), PMMA ( Polymethylmethacrylate), PC (polycarbonate), PI (polyimide), POM (polyoxymethylene), PA (polyamide), ASA (acrylic ester-styrene-acrylonitrile), COC
(cycloolefinisches Co-Polymer) und PEI (Polyetherimid). (cycloolefinic copolymer) and PEI (polyetherimide).
Es ist bekannt, daß diese Polymere teilweise zum Material der Einbettung s Schicht, z.B. EVA, eine unzureichende Haftung aufweisen. Diesem Nachteil wird begegnet, indem eine It is known that these polymers partially form the material of the embedding layer, e.g. EVA, have insufficient liability. This disadvantage is countered by a
Zwischenschicht aus Polyamid (PA) zur Haftvermittlung vorgesehen wird. Es hat sich aber im Verlauf von hydrolytischen Alterungsprüfungen (Damp-Heat, 85°C / 85% r.h.) gezeigt, daß auch diese Maßnahme noch unzureichend ist, und die Erfindung stellt sich daher die weitere Aufgabe, eine Verbundfolie zu schaffen, welche diese Nachteile nicht aufweist, sodaß die Schicht aus einem Polymeren aus der Gruppe PET (Polyethylenterephthalat), PBT Intermediate layer of polyamide (PA) is provided for bonding. However, it has been shown in the course of hydrolytic aging tests (steam-heat, 85 ° C / 85% rh), that this measure is still insufficient, and the invention therefore has the further object to provide a composite film which does not have these disadvantages, so that the layer of a polymer from the group PET (polyethylene terephthalate), PBT
(Polybutylenterephthalat), PPO (Polyphenylenoxid), PEN (Polyethylennaphthalat), PVF (Polyvinylfluorid), ETFE (Ethylen-Tetrafluorethylen), PP (Polypropylen), PMMA (Polybutylene terephthalate), PPO (polyphenylene oxide), PEN (polyethylene naphthalate), PVF (polyvinyl fluoride), ETFE (ethylene tetrafluoroethylene), PP (polypropylene), PMMA
(Polymethylmethacrylat), PC (Polycarbonat), PI (Polyimid), POM (Polyoxymethylen), PA (Polyamid), ASA (Acrylester-Styrol-Acrylnitril), COC (cycloolefinisches Co-Polymer) und PEI (Polyetherimid) in höherem Ausmaß am Einbettungsmaterial, insbesondere EVA, haftet, und daß die Haftung bei hydrolytischen Alterungsprüfungen keine signifikante Abnahme (>10% für EVA) zeigt. (Polymethyl methacrylate), PC (polycarbonate), PI (polyimide), POM (polyoxymethylene), PA (polyamide), ASA (acrylic ester-styrene-acrylonitrile), COC (cycloolefinic copolymer) and PEI (polyetherimide) to a greater extent on the encapsulant , in particular EVA, and that the adhesion in hydrolytic aging tests shows no significant decrease (> 10% for EVA).
Die erfindungs gemäße Verbundfolie ist mindestens 2-schichtig aufgebaut, wobei The fiction, contemporary composite film is constructed at least 2-layer, wherein
(a) die Schicht 2 ein oder mehrere Polymere enthält, das (die) aus der Gruppe PET (Polyethylenterephthalat), PBT (Polybutylenterephthalat), PPO (Polyphenylenoxid), PEN (Polyethylennaphthalat), PVF (Polyvinylfluorid), ETFE (Ethylen-Tetrafluorethylen), PP (Polypropylen), PMMA (Polymethylmethacrylat), PC (Polycarbonat), PI (Polyimid), POM (Polyoxymethylen), PA (Polyamid), ASA (Acrylester-Styrol-Acrylnitril), COC  (a) the layer 2 comprises one or more polymers selected from the group consisting of PET (polyethylene terephthalate), PBT (polybutylene terephthalate), PPO (polyphenylene oxide), PEN (polyethylene naphthalate), PVF (polyvinyl fluoride), ETFE (ethylene tetrafluoroethylene) , PP (polypropylene), PMMA (polymethyl methacrylate), PC (polycarbonate), PI (polyimide), POM (polyoxymethylene), PA (polyamide), ASA (acrylic ester-styrene-acrylonitrile), COC
(cycloolefinisches Co-Polymer) und PEI (Polyetherimid) gewählt ist (sind), (cycloolefinic copolymer) and PEI (polyetherimide) is (are) selected,
und and
(b) die Schicht 1 die oben beschriebene erfindungs gemäße Rückfolie darstellt und an die Schicht 2 angrenzt und gegebenenfalls mit dieser verklebt oder über einen Haftvermittler verbunden ist,  (b) the layer 1 represents the above-described rear film according to the invention and adjoins the layer 2 and, if appropriate, adhesively bonded thereto or connected via a bonding agent,
Es hat sich gezeigt, daß die erfindungsgemäße Verbundfolie viel besser an das It has been found that the composite film of the invention much better at the
Einbettungsmaterial bindet. Die Schicht aus PA und ASA fungiert somit als Haftvermittler. Weiters hat sich gezeigt, daß die Haftung bei Verwendung von PA und ASA im Verlauf von hydrolytischen Alterungsprüfungen (Damp-Heat, 85°C / 85% r.h.) nur in geringem Maß (< 10% für EVA bei einer Prüfdauer von 1000h) abnimmt. Embedding material binds. The layer of PA and ASA thus acts as a primer. Furthermore, it has been found that the adhesion with PA and ASA in the course of hydrolytic aging tests (steam-heat, 85 ° C / 85% RH) decreases only slightly (<10% for EVA with a test duration of 1000 hours).
Die Verbindung zwischen den einzelnen Schichten kann mittels Klebesystemen oder The connection between the individual layers can be achieved by means of adhesive systems or
Haftvermittlern erfolgen, wobei die Haftvermittler auch anteilig in den einzelnen Schichten enthalten sein können. Adhesion promoters take place, wherein the adhesion promoters can also be contained proportionally in the individual layers.
Eine bevorzugte Ausführungsform der erfindungsgemäßen Verbundfolie ist dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß Schicht 1 aus ASA / PA besteht und die Schicht 2 ASA / PA enthält. Die Verwendung von ASA/PA in benachbarten Schichten hat den Vorteil, daß sie auch direkt miteinander, d.h. ohne Kleber und ohne Haftvermittler, verbunden werden können. Das Terpolymer ASA ist in Schicht 1 der erfindungsgemäßen Verbundfolie bevorzugt zu 20 bis 80 Gew.-% enthalten. A preferred embodiment of the composite film according to the invention is characterized in that layer 1 consists of ASA / PA and layer 2 contains ASA / PA. The use of ASA / PA in adjacent layers has the advantage that they can also be directly connected to each other, ie without adhesive and without adhesion promoter. The terpolymer ASA is preferably contained in layer 1 of the composite film according to the invention to 20 to 80 wt .-%.
Als Polyamid (PA) eignen sich z.B. Polyamide vom Typ Polyamid 46, Polyamid 6, Polyamid 66, Polyamid 7, Polyamid 9, Polyamid 99, Polyamid 910, Polyamid 912, Polyamid 1010, Polyamid 1012, Polyamid 1210, Polyamid 1014, Polyamid 1212, Polyamid 10, Polyamid 11, Polyamid 12, Polyamid 69, Polyamid 610, Polyamid 612, PA-6-3-T, PA 61, Polyphthalamid (PPA) sowie andere mögliche aromatische und teilaromatische Polyamide und Co-Polyamide aus diesen Typen, welche unvernetzt, teilweise vernetzt oder vollständig vernetzt sein können. As the polyamide (PA), e.g. Polyamides of the type polyamide 46, polyamide 6, polyamide 66, polyamide 7, polyamide 9, polyamide 99, polyamide 910, polyamide 912, polyamide 1010, polyamide 1012, polyamide 1210, polyamide 1014, polyamide 1212, polyamide 10, polyamide 11, polyamide 12 , Polyamide 69, polyamide 610, polyamide 612, PA-6-3-T, PA 61, polyphthalamide (PPA) and other possible aromatic and partially aromatic polyamides and co-polyamides of these types, which may be uncrosslinked, partially crosslinked or fully crosslinked ,
Es hat sich allerdings gezeigt, daß sich als Polyamid am besten das Polyamid 6 eignet, sodaß in einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform der erfindungs gemäßen Rückfolie als Polyamid zumindest teilweise, aber insbesondere ausschließlich, das Polyamid 6 vorgesehen ist. However, it has been shown that the best polyamide 6 is suitable as the polyamide, so that in a preferred embodiment of the inventive rear foil as a polyamide at least partially, but especially exclusively, the polyamide 6 is provided.
Als Terpolymer ASA eignet sich besonders gut eines, welches zu 30 bis 99 Gew.- aus Acrylester, zu 60 bis 90 Gew.- aus Styrol und zu 1 bis 40 Gew.- aus Acrylnitril hergestellt wurde, mit der Maßgabe, daß die Summe der Gewichtsprozente für Acrylester, Styrol und Acrylnitril den Wert 100 ergibt. As terpolymer ASA is particularly well one which was prepared from 30 to 99 parts by weight of acrylic ester, 60 to 90 parts by weight of styrene and 1 to 40 parts by weight of acrylonitrile, with the proviso that the sum of Percent by weight for acrylic esters, styrene and acrylonitrile gives the value 100.
Eine weitere bevorzugte Ausführungsform der erfindungsgemäßen Verbundfolie besteht darin, daß sie eine dritte Schicht aufweist, welche mit der Schicht 1 verbunden ist, wobei die dritte Schicht ein thermoplastisches Polymer enthält, welches aus der Gruppe EVA, TPO, PVB, EBA, Silikonelastomer, Acrylat gewählt ist. Diese thermoplastischen Elastomere können u.a mit Silanen oder MAH gegrafted sein. Diese dritte Schicht dient als Another preferred embodiment of the composite film according to the invention is that it has a third layer which is bonded to the layer 1, the third layer containing a thermoplastic polymer selected from the group consisting of EVA, TPO, PVB, EBA, silicone elastomer, acrylate is. These thermoplastic elastomers may be grafted with silanes or MAH, among others. This third layer serves as
Einbettungs schicht für die Solarzellen. Embedding layer for the solar cells.
Die erfindungs gemäßen Schichten der Verbundfolie können über das Chillroll- Verfahren hergestellt werden. Weiters kann die Folie monoaxial oder biaxial verstreckt sein. The fiction, contemporary layers of the composite film can be produced by the chill roll process. Furthermore, the film may be monoaxially or biaxially stretched.
Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft auch die Verwendung der erfindungsgemäßen The present invention also relates to the use of the invention
Verbundfolie bei der Herstellung eines Photovoltaikmoduls, sowie das so hergestellte Composite film in the manufacture of a photovoltaic module, and the thus produced
Photovoltaikmodul als solches. Photovoltaic module as such.
Die an die Haftvermittlungsschicht angrenzenden Schichten können auch Blends The layers adjacent to the adhesion-promoting layer can also be blends
(= Mischungen) oder Copolymere der einzelnen genannten Polymere sein. Weiters können die Polymere dieser angrenzenden Schichten auch anteilig die Polymere der (= Mixtures) or copolymers of the individual polymers mentioned. Furthermore, the polymers of these adjacent layers can also proportionally the polymers of
erfindungsgemäßen Verbundfolie enthalten. Die erfindungsgemäße Verbundfolie, als auch die angrenzenden Schichten, können mit Stabilisatoren, Verträglichkeitsvermittlern, composite film according to the invention. The composite film according to the invention, as well as the adjacent layers, can be mixed with stabilizers, compatibilizers,
Antioxidantien, Farbstoffen, Flammschutzmitteln, Pigmenten, Glasfasern, Glashohlkugeln, Glasgewebe, Naturfasern, Kohlenstoff, Glimmer, Kreide, Talk, Calciumsulfat, Bariumsulfat, Titandioxid, Materialien zur Verbesserung der Wärmeleitfähigkeit, Carbon Nanotubes, Schichtsilikaten, Haftvermittlern oder anderen anorganischen Füllstoffen ausgerüstet werden. Antioxidants, dyes, flame retardants, pigments, glass fibers, glass bubbles, Glass cloth, natural fibers, carbon, mica, chalk, talc, calcium sulfate, barium sulfate, titanium dioxide, materials for improving the thermal conductivity, carbon nanotubes, phyllosilicates, adhesion promoters or other inorganic fillers.
Zwischen den angrenzenden Schichten und der erfindungsgemäßen Verbundfolie kann auch eine Sperrschicht zur weiteren Reduktion der Wasserdampf- und Sauerstoffdurchlässigkeit verwendet werden. Diese kann eine Metallfolie, eine Metalloxidschicht oder ein Between the adjacent layers and the composite film according to the invention, a barrier layer can also be used to further reduce the water vapor and oxygen permeability. This can be a metal foil, a metal oxide layer or a
Spezialpolymer, wie z.B. EVOH sein. Special polymer, e.g. Be EVOH.
Weiters kann sich zwischen den angrenzenden Schichten und der erfindungsgemäßen Verbundfolie eine zusätzliche Haftvermittlungs Schicht befinden, welche zur besseren Anbindung an die angrenzenden Schichten dient. Furthermore, an additional adhesion-promoting layer can be located between the adjacent layers and the composite film according to the invention, which serves for better connection to the adjacent layers.
Weitere Anwendungsbereiche für die erfindungsgemäße Verbundfolie sind z.B. die Further areas of application for the composite film according to the invention are e.g. the
Medizintechnik, die Raumfahrt, die Verpackungstechnologie, die Agrartechnologie, Medical technology, aerospace, packaging technology, agricultural technology,
Transportsysteme, Sportartikel, Batterien, Speichermedien, OLED, Displays, Transport systems, sporting goods, batteries, storage media, OLED, displays,
optoelektronische Anwendungen, Printed circuit boards, die Bauindustrie, Folien für optoelectronic applications, printed circuit boards, the building industry, films for
Anwendungen im Dachbereich und die Kosmetikindustrie. Applications in the roof area and the cosmetics industry.
Nachfolgend wird die Erfindung an Hand bevorzugter Ausführungsformen noch näher beschrieben. The invention will be described in more detail with reference to preferred embodiments.
Beispiel 1: Herstellung der Mischung aus PA und ASA Example 1: Preparation of the mixture of PA and ASA
Mittels eines Einschneckenextruders wurden PA6 und ASA (Hersteller: BASF) im By means of a single screw extruder PA6 and ASA (manufacturer: BASF) in the
Gewichtsverhältnis 1: 1 bei einer Temperatur von 240°C gemischt. PA und ASA wurden dabei ineinander dispergiert. Weight ratio 1: 1 mixed at a temperature of 240 ° C. PA and ASA were dispersed in each other.
Beim Mischen von PA6 mit ASA besteht grundsätzlich eine Unverträglichkeit zwischen den Polymeren. Zu ihrer Kombination wurde daher ein SEBS-Verträglichkeitsvermittler When mixing PA6 with ASA there is always an incompatibility between the polymers. Their combination therefore became a SEBS compatibilizer
(Hersteller: BASF) eingesetzt, und zwar im Ausmaß von ca. 4% der Gesamtmasse an PA6 und ASA. (Manufacturer: BASF), in the amount of about 4% of the total mass of PA6 and ASA.
Beispiel 2a: Herstellung einer Rückfolie aus PA6 Example 2a: Production of a backsheet of PA6
Für die Herstellung der Folie aus PA6 wurde das Polymer in einem Extruder bei einer Temperatur von 240°C und bei einem Druck von 105 bar aufgeschmolzen und homogenisiert. Die entstandene Schmelze wurde durch eine Breitschlitzdüse verteilt und über eine Walze in einem kontinuierlichen Prozess abgezogen. Die Folie wurde nachfolgend über eine For the production of the film from PA6, the polymer was melted in an extruder at a temperature of 240 ° C and at a pressure of 105 bar and homogenized. The resulting melt was distributed through a slot die and a roller in subtracted from a continuous process. The film was subsequently over a
Chillrollanlage abgekühlt. Chill rolling system cooled.
Beispiel 2b: Herstellung einer Rückfolie aus der Mischung PA6/ASA Example 2b: Preparation of a backsheet from the PA6 / ASA mixture
Für die Herstellung der Folie aus PA6/ASA wurde die in Beispiel 1 hergestellte For the production of the film of PA6 / ASA was prepared in Example 1
Polymermischung in einem Extruder bei einer Temperatur von 240°C und bei einem Druck von 120 bar aufgeschmolzen und homogenisiert. Die entstandene Schmelze wurde durch eine Breitschlitzdüse verteilt und über eine Walze in einem kontinuierlichen Prozess abgezogen. Die Folie wurde nachfolgend über eine Chillrollanlage abgekühlt. Melted polymer mixture in an extruder at a temperature of 240 ° C and at a pressure of 120 bar and homogenized. The resulting melt was distributed through a slot die and withdrawn through a roll in a continuous process. The film was subsequently cooled by a chill roller.
Beispiel 3: Dokumentation der Durchlässigkeit von Wasserdampf und Sauerstoff der Rückfolie aus PA allein und der erfindungsgemäßen Rückfolie Example 3: Documentation of the Permeability of Water Vapor and Oxygen of the Back Film of PA alone and the Backing Film of the Invention
Eine aus PA 12 hergestellte Rückfolie zeigt eine Wasserdampfdurchlässigkeit von 20g/m2 d bei einer Dicke von 45μιη, wohingegen die erfindungs gemäße Rückfolie aus PA6 /ASA eineA rear film produced from PA 12 shows a water vapor permeability of 20 g / m 2 d at a thickness of 45μιη, whereas the fiction, contemporary rear film of PA6 / ASA a
Wasserdampfdurchlässigkeit von 18g/m2d (Meßbedingungen 23°C / 85% r.h.) zeigt. Water vapor permeability of 18 g / m 2 d (measuring conditions 23 ° C / 85% rh) shows.
Die Sauerstoffdurchlässigkeit einer aus PA12 hergestellten Rückfolie liegt bei 605 cm3/m2 d atm, wohingegen die erfindungs gemäße Rückfolie aus PA6/ASA eine The oxygen permeability of a backsheet made of PA12 is 605 cm 3 / m 2 d atm, whereas the rear film according to the invention from PA6 / ASA a
Sauerstoffdurchlässigkeit von 110 cm3 / m2 d atm aufweist (Meßbedingungen 23°C / 100%Oxygen permeability of 110 cm 3 / m 2 d atm has (measuring conditions 23 ° C / 100%
Sauerstoff). Oxygen).
Beispiel 4: Dokumentation der Witterungsbeständigkeit der Rückfolie aus PA6 allein und der erfindungsgemäßen Rückfolie Example 4: Documentation of the weathering resistance of the backsheet of PA6 alone and the backsheet according to the invention
Die im Beispiel 2a hergestellte Rückfolie aus PA6 allein zeigte nachteilige Eigenschaften bezüglich des Abfalls der Reißdehnung bei Umgebungsbedingungen, die zur Hydrolyse führen. Die Reißdehnung ist dabei ein Maß für die Sprödigkeit und somit die The backsheet made of PA6 alone prepared in Example 2a showed disadvantageous properties with respect to the decrease in elongation at break at ambient conditions which lead to hydrolysis. The elongation at break is a measure of the brittleness and thus the
Witterungsbeständigkeit des Materials. Weather resistance of the material.
Die Bestimmung der Reißdehnung erfolgte durch Einspannen eines Folienstreifens mit einer Breite von 20 mm in eine Zugprüfmaschine. Die Prüfung erfolgte bis zum Riß der Folie. Die Dehnung in % bis zum Riß der Folie wurde ausgewertet. The elongation at break was determined by clamping a film strip with a width of 20 mm into a tensile testing machine. The test took place until the film broke. The elongation in% until the break of the film was evaluated.
Nach einer Lagerung bei 85°C und 85% relativer Luftfeuchte für einen Zeitraum von 2000 h (typische Bedingungen zur Prüfung der Reißdehnung) nahm die Reißdehnung der PA6- Rückfolie um 89% ab. Die erfindungs gemäße Rückfolie zeigte bei gleicher Lagerung eine Abnahme der Reißdehnung um lediglich 20%. After storage at 85 ° C and 85% relative humidity for a period of 2000 hours (typical conditions for testing the elongation at break), the elongation at break of the PA6 backsheet decreased by 89%. The fiction, contemporary backsheet showed the same storage a decrease in elongation at break by only 20%.
Beispiel 5: Herstellung einer erfindungsgemäßen, zweischichtigen Verbundfolie Example 5 Production of a Two-Layer Composite Film According to the Invention
Für die erste Schicht wurde eine Folie aus einem Polymer, ausgewählt aus der Gruppe PET (Polyethylenterephthalat), PBT (Polybutylenterephthalat), PPO (Polyphenylenoxid), PEN (Polyethylennaphthalat), PVF (Polyvinylfluorid), ETFE (Ethylen-Tetrafluorethylen), PP (Polypropylen), PMMA (Polymethylmethacrylat), PC (Polycarbonat), PI (Polyimid), POM (Polyoxymethylen), PA (Polyamid), ASA (Acrylester-Styrol-Acrylnitril), COC For the first layer, a film of a polymer selected from the group PET (polyethylene terephthalate), PBT (polybutylene terephthalate), PPO (polyphenylene oxide), PEN (polyethylene naphthalate), PVF (polyvinyl fluoride), ETFE (ethylene-tetrafluoroethylene), PP (polypropylene ), PMMA (polymethyl methacrylate), PC (polycarbonate), PI (polyimide), POM (polyoxymethylene), PA (polyamide), ASA (acrylic ester-styrene-acrylonitrile), COC
(cycloolefinisches Co-Polymer) und PEI (Polyetherimid) verwendet. Die Herstellung des Zwei-Lagenverbundes erfolgte dabei aus Folienmaterialien, welche aus ASA/PA und einem der zuvor genannten Polymere bestehen. Dabei wurde in einem Rolle zu Rolle Prozess mittels PU-Klebesystemen die ASA-PA-Folie mit der aus dem jeweiligen Polymer bestehenden Folie verklebt. Das PU-Klebesystem wurde über eine Auftragswalze mit einem Harzauftrag zwischen lg/m2 und 15g/m2 auf die Folie aus einem der genannten Polymere aufgetragen. Danach wurde das Lösungsmittel des PU-Klebesystems bei 120°C verdampft und die ASA- PA-Folie zur mit PU-Klebesystem beschichteten Folie zwischen zwei Presswalzen verklebt. Weitere Schichten können analog zu diesen Schichten verklebt werden. (cycloolefinic copolymer) and PEI (polyetherimide) used. The two-layer composite was produced from film materials which consist of ASA / PA and one of the abovementioned polymers. In this case, the ASA-PA film was bonded to the film consisting of the respective polymer in a roll to roll process by means of PU adhesive systems. The PU adhesive system was applied to the film of one of the polymers mentioned by way of an applicator roll with a resin coverage of between 1 g / m 2 and 15 g / m 2 . Thereafter, the solvent of the PU adhesive system was evaporated at 120 ° C and the ASA-PA film glued to the PU adhesive system coated film between two press rolls. Other layers can be glued analogously to these layers.
Ein erfindungsgemäßes zweilagiges Verbundmaterial konnte dabei alternativ auch durch Coextrusion gefertigt werden. Beispielhaft soll hier aus den genannten Polymeren PET (Polyethylenterephthalat), PBT (Polybutylenterephthalat), PPO (Polyphenylenoxid), PEN (Polyethylennaphthalat), PVF (Polyvinylfluorid), ETFE (Ethylen-Tetrafluorethylen), PP (Polypropylen), PMMA (Polymethylmethacrylat), PC (Polycarbonat), PI (Polyimid), POM (Polyoxymethylen), PA (Polyamid), ASA (Acrylester-Styrol-Acrylnitril), COC An inventive two-layer composite material could alternatively be manufactured by coextrusion. By way of example, from the said polymers PET (polyethylene terephthalate), PBT (polybutylene terephthalate), PPO (polyphenylene oxide), PEN (polyethylene naphthalate), PVF (polyvinyl fluoride), ETFE (ethylene-tetrafluoroethylene), PP (polypropylene), PMMA (polymethyl methacrylate), PC (Polycarbonate), PI (polyimide), POM (polyoxymethylene), PA (polyamide), ASA (acrylic ester-styrene-acrylonitrile), COC
(cycloolefinisches Co-Polymer) und PEI (Polyetherimid) das Polyamid beschrieben werden. (cycloolefinic copolymer) and PEI (polyetherimide) the polyamide are described.
Ein Coextrudat ASA /PA, PA konnte durch Coextrusion, analog zur Extrusion in Beispiel 2b, gefertigt werden. Dazu mußte die Extrusionsanlage zwei separate Extruder aufweisen, wobei ein Extruder dabei das Material ASA/PA verarbeitete, der zweite Extruder das Polyamid. Über einen Feedblock wurden dann die Polymere so verteilt, dass die Schichtabfolge A coextrudate ASA / PA, PA could be prepared by coextrusion analogously to the extrusion in Example 2b. For this purpose, the extrusion plant had to have two separate extruder, one extruder thereby processed the material ASA / PA, the second extruder, the polyamide. Via a feedblock, the polymers were then distributed so that the layer sequence
ASA/PA, PA im Coextrudat entstand. Mehrlagige Verbünde können analog durch den Einsatz weiterer Extruder und / oder den Einsatz geeigneter Schichtverteilungs Systeme (Feedblock) gefertigt werden. ASA / PA, PA originated in the coextrudate. Multilayer composites can be produced analogously by the use of further extruders and / or the use of suitable layer distribution systems (feedblock).
Beispiel 6 Haftprüfung zwischen Einbettungs- und Einkapselungsfolie Die Haftungen wurden nach Lamination der Materialien, welche nach Vorgaben der Example 6 Adherence test between embedding and encapsulating film The liabilities were after lamination of the materials, which according to specifications of
Hersteller der Einbettungsfolie in einem Vakuumlaminator erfolgte, geprüft. Der zugehörige Test war ein T-Peel Test welcher mittels Zugprüfgerät der Fa. Zwick durchgeführt wurde. Die Haftungen wurden immer zwischen Einbettungs- und Einkapselungsfolie gemessen. Um die Messung durchführen zu können wurde jeweils ein Verbund Einkapselungsmaterial / Einbettungsmaterial / Einkapselungsmaterial im Laminator gefertigt. Die Messungen erfolgten nach Lamination und nach 500h Alterung bei 85°C und 85% r.h.. Die Haftung wurde dabei folgendermaßen geprüft: Die jeweilige Probe wurde in das genannte Manufacturer of the embedding film was carried out in a vacuum laminator, tested. The associated test was a T-Peel test which was carried out by means of Zwick tensile tester. The adhesions were always measured between embedding and encapsulating film. In order to be able to carry out the measurement, a composite of encapsulating material / embedding material / encapsulating material was produced in each case in the laminator. The measurements were carried out after lamination and after 500h aging at 85 ° C and 85% r.h .. The adhesion was tested as follows: The respective sample was in the mentioned
Zugprüfgerät eingespannt und die notwendige Schälkraft beim Trennen der Einbettungs- von der Einkapselungsfolie im Kraft- Weg-Diagramm aufgezeichnet. Tensile tester clamped and recorded the necessary peel force when separating the embedding of the encapsulation in the force-displacement diagram.
Die geprüften Kombination sind in der nachfolgenden Tabelle angeführt und die Ergebnisse Tabelle zusammengefaßt: nach Lamination  The tested combination are listed in the following table and the results are summarized in the table: after lamination
Encapsulant /  Encapsulant /
Polymere polymers
PET PBT PEN PP PET PBT PEN PP
EVA First F806 0-20 N/cm 20-80 N/cm 3-40 N/cm 4-6 N/cmEVA First F806 0-20 N / cm 20-80 N / cm 3-40 N / cm 4-6 N / cm
PVB Trosifol R40 1-2 N/cm < 1 N/cm 1-4 N/cm < 1 N/cmPVB Trosifol R40 1-2 N / cm <1 N / cm 1-4 N / cm <1 N / cm
Tectosil 177 1-2 N/cm 0-10 N/cm 0-4 N/cm < 1 N/cmTectosil 177 1-2 N / cm 0-10 N / cm 0-4 N / cm <1 N / cm
Acrylat Tesa 69301 0-2 N/cm 1-2 N/cm 1-3 N/cm 0-3 N/cm Acrylic Tesa 69301 0-2 N / cm 1-2 N / cm 1-3 N / cm 0-3 N / cm
COC PMMA PC PPOCOC PMMA PC PPO
EVA First F806 60-80 N/cm 5-15 N/cm 40-65 N/cm > 30 N/cmEVA First F806 60-80 N / cm 5-15 N / cm 40-65 N / cm> 30 N / cm
PVB Trosifol R40 < 1 N/cm 0-1 N/cm 10-13 N/cm 0-2 N/cmPVB Trosifol R40 <1 N / cm 0-1 N / cm 10-13 N / cm 0-2 N / cm
Tectosil 177 0-10 N/cm 5-20 N/cm 2-6 N/cm -Tectosil 177 0-10 N / cm 5-20 N / cm 2-6 N / cm
Acrylat Tesa 69301 1-3 N/cm 1-3 N/cm < 1 N/cm 1-3 N/cm Acrylic Tesa 69301 1-3 N / cm 1-3 N / cm <1 N / cm 1-3 N / cm
PA PI PVF ASAPA PI PVF ASA
EVA First F806 60-80 N/cm 10-25 N/cm 10-40 N/cm < 1 N/cmEVA First F806 60-80 N / cm 10-25 N / cm 10-40 N / cm <1 N / cm
PVB Trosifol R40 4-8 N/cm 2-3 N/cm 2-4 N/cm 0-1 N/cmPVB Trosifol R40 4-8 N / cm 2-3 N / cm 2-4 N / cm 0-1 N / cm
Tectosil 177 5-10 N/cm 2-5 N/cm - 2-6 N/cmTectosil 177 5-10 N / cm 2-5 N / cm - 2-6 N / cm
Acrylat Tesa 69301 1-3 N/cm 1-3 N/cm 1-3 N/cm 1-2 N/cm Acrylic Tesa 69301 1-3 N / cm 1-3 N / cm 1-3 N / cm 1-2 N / cm
PEI ETFE POM ASA / PAPEI ETFE POM ASA / PA
EVA First F806 8-12 N/cm < 1 N/cm 2-6 N/cm 70 - 90 N/cmEVA First F806 8-12 N / cm <1 N / cm 2-6 N / cm 70-90 N / cm
PVB Trosifol R40 1-6 N/cm < 1 N/cm 0-2 N/cm 5-10 N/cmPVB Trosifol R40 1-6 N / cm <1 N / cm 0-2 N / cm 5-10 N / cm
Tectosil 177 < 1 N/cm < 1 N/cm 0-1 N/cm 15-45 N/cmTectosil 177 <1 N / cm <1 N / cm 0-1 N / cm 15-45 N / cm
Acrylat Tesa 69301 0-4 N/cm 1-3 N/cm 1-2 N/cm 2-4 N/cm nach Lamination + 500 h / 85°C / 85% r.h. Acrylic Tesa 69301 0-4 N / cm 1-3 N / cm 1-2 N / cm 2-4 N / cm after lamination + 500 h / 85 ° C / 85% r.h.
Encapsulant /  Encapsulant /
Polymere polymers
PET PBT PEN PP PET PBT PEN PP
EVA First F806 0-7 N/cm 20-70 N/cm 3-30 N/cm 3-5 N/cm PVB Trosifol R40 1-2 N/cm < 1 N/cm 0-4 N/cm < 1 N/cmEVA First F806 0-7 N / cm 20-70 N / cm 3-30 N / cm 3-5 N / cm PVB Trosifol R40 1-2 N / cm <1 N / cm 0-4 N / cm <1 N / cm
Tectosil 177 1-2 N/cm 0-8 N/cm 0-4 N/cm < 1 N/cmTectosil 177 1-2 N / cm 0-8 N / cm 0-4 N / cm <1 N / cm
Acrylat Tesa 69301 0-2 N/cm 0-1 N/cm 1-3 N/cm 0-3 N/cm Acrylic Tesa 69301 0-2 N / cm 0-1 N / cm 1-3 N / cm 0-3 N / cm
COC PMMA PC PPOCOC PMMA PC PPO
EVA First F806 30-70 N/cm 3-8 N/cm 4-30 N/cm -EVA First F806 30-70 N / cm 3-8 N / cm 4-30 N / cm -
PVB Trosifol R40 < 1 N/cm 0-1 N/cm 0-2 N/cm 0-1 N/cmPVB Trosifol R40 <1 N / cm 0-1 N / cm 0-2 N / cm 0-1 N / cm
Tectosil 177 0-8 N/cm - 2-5 N/cm -Tectosil 177 0-8 N / cm - 2-5 N / cm -
Acrylat Tesa 69301 0-2 N/cm 0-2 N/cm - 2-4 N/cm Acrylic Tesa 69301 0-2 N / cm 0-2 N / cm - 2-4 N / cm
PA PI PVF ASAPA PI PVF ASA
EVA First F806 20-65 N/cm 5-7 N/cm 10-35 N/cm 0-1 N/cmEVA First F806 20-65 N / cm 5-7 N / cm 10-35 N / cm 0-1 N / cm
PVB Trosifol R40 0-7 N/cm 0-3 N/cm 2-4 N/cm 0-1 N/cmPVB Trosifol R40 0-7 N / cm 0-3 N / cm 2-4 N / cm 0-1 N / cm
Tectosil 177 2-5 N/cm - - 2-6 N/cmTectosil 177 2-5 N / cm - - 2-6 N / cm
Acrylat Tesa 69301 1-3 N/cm 0-3 N/cm 1-3 N/cm 1-2 N/cm Acrylic Tesa 69301 1-3 N / cm 0-3 N / cm 1-3 N / cm 1-2 N / cm
PEI ETFE POM ASA / PAPEI ETFE POM ASA / PA
EVA First F806 2-7 N/cm < 1 N/cm 0-2 N/cm 65-85 N/cmEVA First F806 2-7 N / cm <1 N / cm 0-2 N / cm 65-85 N / cm
PVB Trosifol R40 1-5 N/cm < 1 N/cm 0-2 N/cm 2-6 N/cmPVB Trosifol R40 1-5 N / cm <1 N / cm 0-2 N / cm 2-6 N / cm
Tectosil 177 < 1 N/cm < 1 N/cm 0-1 N/cm 4-8 N/cmTectosil 177 <1 N / cm <1 N / cm 0-1 N / cm 4-8 N / cm
Acrylat Tesa 69301 0-4 N/cm 0-3 N/cm 1-2 N/cm 1-3 N/cmAcrylic Tesa 69301 0-4 N / cm 0-3 N / cm 1-2 N / cm 1-3 N / cm
-...Prüfung nicht möglich -... examination not possible
Aus der obigen Tabelle kann folgendes entnommen werden: The following table shows:
Eine Verbundfolie mit ASA/PA als Schicht 1 zeigt nach Lamination eine gute Haftung zu verschiedenen Einbettungsmaterialien. Nach Lamination und vor Damp-Heat Prüfung kann auch Polyamid selbst vergleichbare Haftungen aufweisen. Nach Alterung bei 85°C und 85% r.h. für 500h DH zeigt jedoch PA einen Haftungsabfall welcher signifikant höher ist als bei der erfindungsgemäßen Verbundfolie. Bei EVA z.B. liegt der Haftungsabfall unter 10%.  A laminated film with ASA / PA as layer 1 shows good adhesion to various embedding materials after lamination. After lamination and before steam-heat testing, polyamide itself can also have comparable adhesions. After aging at 85 ° C and 85% r.h. However, for 500h DH, PA shows a loss of adhesion which is significantly higher than in the composite film of the present invention. At EVA e.g. the liability drop is below 10%.

Claims

Patentansprüche: claims:
1. Rückfolie für ein Photovoltaikmodul, welche ein Polyamid enthält, 1. rear film for a photovoltaic module containing a polyamide,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, characterized,
daß die Rückfolie auch ein Terpolymer aus Acrylester, Styrol und Acrylnitril (ASA) enthält. that the backsheet also contains a terpolymer of acrylic ester, styrene and acrylonitrile (ASA).
2. Rückfolie nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Terpolymer zu 20 bis 80 Gew.- enthalten ist. 2. backing sheet according to claim 1, characterized in that the terpolymer is contained to 20 to 80 parts by weight.
3. Rückfolie nach einem der Ansprüche 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß als Polyamid zumindest teilweise das Polyamid 6 vorgesehen ist. 3. rear foil according to one of claims 1 or 2, characterized in that at least partially the polyamide 6 is provided as the polyamide.
4. Rückfolie nach einem der Ansprüche 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß als Polyamid ausschließlich Polyamid 6 vorgesehen ist. 4. rear foil according to one of claims 1 or 2, characterized in that exclusively polyamide 6 is provided as the polyamide.
5. Rückfolie nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Terpolymer zu 30 bis 99 Gew.- aus Acrylester, zu 60 bis 90 Gew.- aus Styrol und zu 15 bis 85 Gew.- aus Acrylnitril hergestellt wurde, mit der Maßgabe, daß die Summe der Gew.- %e für Acrylester, Styrol und Acrylnitril den Wert 100 ergibt. 5. backing sheet according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the terpolymer was prepared from 30 to 99 parts by weight of acrylic ester, 60 to 90 parts by weight of styrene and 15 to 85 parts by weight of acrylonitrile, with with the proviso that the sum of the weight% of acrylic ester, styrene and acrylonitrile gives the value 100.
6. Rückfolie nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß sie als Monofolie ausgebildet ist. 6. rear foil according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that it is designed as a monofilm.
7. Rückfolie nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß sie als Verbundfolie ausgebildet ist. 7. rear foil according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that it is formed as a composite film.
8. Verwendung einer Rückfolie nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 7 bei der Herstellung eines Photovoltaikmoduls. 8. Use of a backsheet according to one of claims 1 to 7 in the manufacture of a photovoltaic module.
9. Photovoltaikmodul, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß es eine Rückfolie nach einem oder mehreren der Ansprüche 1 bis 7 aufweist. 9. photovoltaic module, characterized in that it comprises a rear foil according to one or more of claims 1 to 7.
10. Verbundfolie für ein Photovoltaikmodul, welche mindestens 2-schichtig aufgebaut ist, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß 10. Composite film for a photovoltaic module, which is constructed at least 2-layer, characterized in that
(a) die Schicht 2 ein oder mehrere Polymere enthält, das (die) aus der Gruppe PET (Polyethylenterephthalat), PBT (Polybutylenterephthalat), PPO (Polyphenylenoxid), PEN (Polyethylennaphthalat), PVF (Polyvinylfluorid), ETFE (Ethylen-Tetrafluorethylen), PP (Polypropylen), PMMA (Polymethylmethacrylat), PC (Polycarbonat), PI (Polyimid), POM (Polyoxymethylen), PA (Polyamid), ASA (Acrylester-Styrol-Acrylnitril), COC  (a) the layer 2 comprises one or more polymers selected from the group consisting of PET (polyethylene terephthalate), PBT (polybutylene terephthalate), PPO (polyphenylene oxide), PEN (polyethylene naphthalate), PVF (polyvinyl fluoride), ETFE (ethylene tetrafluoroethylene) , PP (polypropylene), PMMA (polymethyl methacrylate), PC (polycarbonate), PI (polyimide), POM (polyoxymethylene), PA (polyamide), ASA (acrylic ester-styrene-acrylonitrile), COC
(cycloolefinisches Co-Polymer) und PEI (Polyetherimid) gewählt ist (sind), (cycloolefinic copolymer) and PEI (polyetherimide) is (are) selected,
und and
(b) die Schicht 1 eine Rückfolie nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 7 darstellt und an Schicht 2 angrenzt und gegebenenfalls mit dieser verklebt oder über einen Haftvermittler verbunden ist.  (B) the layer 1 is a backsheet according to one of claims 1 to 7 and adjacent to layer 2 and optionally glued to this or connected via a coupling agent.
11. Verbundfolie nach Anspruch 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß Schicht 1 aus Polyamid und einem Terpolymer aus Acrylester, Styrol und Acrylnitril (ASA) besteht und die Schicht 2 Polyamid und ein Terpolymer aus Acrylester, Styrol und Acrylnitril (ASA) enthält, welche miteinander direkt, d.h. ohne Kleber und ohne Haftvermittler, verbunden sind. 11. A composite film according to claim 10, characterized in that layer 1 consists of polyamide and a terpolymer of acrylic ester, styrene and acrylonitrile (ASA) and the layer 2 contains polyamide and a terpolymer of acrylic ester, styrene and acrylonitrile (ASA), which directly together ie without glue and without adhesion promoter.
12. Verbundfolie nach einem der Ansprüche 10 oder 11, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß sie eine dritte Schicht aufweist, welche mit der zweiten Schicht verbunden ist, wobei die dritte Schicht ein thermoplastisches Polymer enthält, welches aus der Gruppe EVA, TPO, PVB, EBA, Silikonelastomer, Acrylatgewählt ist. Composite foil according to one of Claims 10 or 11, characterized in that it comprises a third layer which is joined to the second layer, the third layer containing a thermoplastic polymer selected from the group EVA, TPO, PVB, EBA, Silicone elastomer, acrylate is selected.
13. Verwendung einer Verbundfolie nach einem der Ansprüche 10 bis 12 bei der 13. Use of a composite film according to any one of claims 10 to 12 in the
Herstellung eines Photovoltaikmoduls. Production of a photovoltaic module.
14. Photovoltaikmodul, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß es eine Verbundfolie nach einem der Ansprüche 10 bis 12 aufweist. 14. Photovoltaic module, characterized in that it comprises a composite film according to one of claims 10 to 12.
PCT/EP2013/057142 2012-04-20 2013-04-04 Backsheet and composite film for a photovoltaic module WO2013156319A1 (en)

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