WO2013141367A1 - Fire-extinguishing agent - Google Patents
Fire-extinguishing agent Download PDFInfo
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- WO2013141367A1 WO2013141367A1 PCT/JP2013/058316 JP2013058316W WO2013141367A1 WO 2013141367 A1 WO2013141367 A1 WO 2013141367A1 JP 2013058316 W JP2013058316 W JP 2013058316W WO 2013141367 A1 WO2013141367 A1 WO 2013141367A1
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- water
- guar gum
- fire
- fire extinguishing
- mass
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62D—CHEMICAL MEANS FOR EXTINGUISHING FIRES OR FOR COMBATING OR PROTECTING AGAINST HARMFUL CHEMICAL AGENTS; CHEMICAL MATERIALS FOR USE IN BREATHING APPARATUS
- A62D1/00—Fire-extinguishing compositions; Use of chemical substances in extinguishing fires
- A62D1/0071—Foams
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62D—CHEMICAL MEANS FOR EXTINGUISHING FIRES OR FOR COMBATING OR PROTECTING AGAINST HARMFUL CHEMICAL AGENTS; CHEMICAL MATERIALS FOR USE IN BREATHING APPARATUS
- A62D1/00—Fire-extinguishing compositions; Use of chemical substances in extinguishing fires
- A62D1/0028—Liquid extinguishing substances
- A62D1/005—Dispersions; Emulsions
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a extinguishant. More specifically, the present invention relates to a fire extinguishing agent suitable for rapid preparation of fire extinguishing water having good water dispersibility and dispersion stability and excellent fire extinguishing performance.
- the amount of water resources may be limited near the fire site.
- Phosphate inorganic compound fire extinguisher Usually, ammonium phosphate is contained as a main component. When fire extinguishing water containing a phosphate inorganic compound-based fire extinguishing agent is sprayed to the fire area, the ammonium phosphate is decomposed by heating, and the heat absorption effect thereby deprives surrounding heat. In addition, noncombustible gas is generated to form a gas layer around it to block oxygen, and when the temperature is further increased, it changes to a molten glass shape and coats the combustion surface to block oxygen.
- phosphate inorganic compound-based extinguishant to enhance the extinguishing action of the extinguishing water
- phosphate inorganic compounds are hardly soluble in water, they tend to form a continuous powder (Mamako).
- the powder is a lump which is not dispersed or dissolved in the liquid when the powder is charged into the liquid and is aggregated, and has a structure in which the powder is wrapped in an outer layer swollen with the liquid. It is also called dama, and once formed, it becomes difficult to dissolve even if the entire aggregate swells with liquid.
- the phosphate mineral compound stored for a long period of time precipitates into a mass and becomes a mass
- an apparatus for pulverizing this is required at the time of use.
- the fact that the phosphate inorganic compound is difficult to dissolve in water also causes a problem that it takes time and effort to wash materials and equipment.
- the ammonium phosphate is similar to the component used for fertilizers, it is pointed out that there are environmental problems that cause the eutrophication phenomenon in the sprayed soil.
- fire extinguishing water containing synthetic surfactant-based fire extinguishing agent has low surface tension and penetrates into fire extinguishing objects such as burnables and combustibles. Cheap. Moreover, the foam formed by the impact which collided covers a combustion thing and a combustible thing, and the effect of fire-extinguishing / re-fire prevention / fire spread suppression improves by shielding oxygen and cutting off. Since the concentration of the surfactant type fire extinguishant added to water is low, and the fire extinguishing water can be prepared by adding only the fire extinguishing agent to the water, the extinguishing water can be prepared relatively quickly.
- (C) Water-absorbing polymer fire extinguishing agent A water-absorbing polymer containing water-absorbing polymer as a main component and sufficiently absorbing water is brought into contact with a combustible or combustible material to exhibit fire extinguishing, reburning prevention, and fire spread suppressing effect. .
- fire extinguishing water containing water-absorbing polymer fire extinguishing agents has relatively weak penetration, so it is difficult for the fire extinguishing water to spread from the attached part to the surroundings, and the fire extinguishing, relapse prevention and fire spread suppressing effects to the surroundings are expected very much Can not.
- the water-absorbing polymer causes the foot to slip during work such as after-fire treatment and on-site investigations.
- water-absorbing polymers are difficult to biodegrade and accumulate in the environment to adversely affect ecosystems.
- Patent Documents 1 to 3 are for rapid preparation of the fire extinguishing water. It is not suitable.
- the fire extinguishing water is not prepared according to the procedure, there is a concern that the components may not be completely dissolved and may become a continuous powder.
- the thickener may form a continuous powder when it is added to water, and it may not be possible to impart the effect expected as fire extinguishing water.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a fire extinguishing agent suitable for rapid preparation of fire extinguishing water which is highly dispersible in water and exhibits viscosity or pseudoplasticity. Moreover, this invention makes it a subject to provide the method of preparing fire extinguishing water using the said fire extinguisher, and extinguishing a fire using this.
- pseudo plasticity refers to one of the parameters showing the shear rate dependency of viscosity, and is a property in which the viscosity decreases as the shear rate increases. It is also called pseudoplasticity, shear thinning property, and the like.
- a fire extinguishing agent containing 30 to 400 parts by mass in total of oligosaccharides is achieved by the following means.
- the fire extinguisher as described in ⁇ 1> which contains at least 1 sort (s) chosen from the group which consists of inorganic sodium salt, inorganic potassium salt, ammonium salt, and a foaming agent further as a dispersion aid of ⁇ 2> crude guar gum.
- the fire extinguisher as described in ⁇ 2> or ⁇ 3> which is at least 1 type of foaming agent.
- the fire extinguisher as described in any one of ⁇ 1>- ⁇ 4> which contains at least 1 sort (s) chosen from sucrose and top white sugar as a dispersion
- the fire extinguisher according to any one of ⁇ 1> to ⁇ 5> which comprises 5 to 75 parts by mass of a water-soluble high molecular weight polysaccharide other than guar gum derived from crude guar gum per 100 parts by mass of ⁇ 6> crude guar gum Agent.
- the fire extinguisher according to ⁇ 6> wherein the water-soluble polymer polysaccharide other than guar gum derived from ⁇ 7> crude guar gum is at least one selected from the group consisting of tamarind seed gum, alginic acid ester, xanthan gum and pullulan.
- ⁇ 9> The fire extinguisher as described in any one of ⁇ 1> to ⁇ 8>, wherein crude guar gum is coated with a surfactant.
- the ⁇ 11> anionic surfactant is at least one member selected from the group consisting of ⁇ -olefin sulfonate, alkyl sulfate, polyoxyethylene alkyl ether sulfate and N-acyl taurine salt, and nonionic surfactant
- the fire extinguisher according to any one of ⁇ 1> to ⁇ 11> which contains at least one selected from the group consisting of a colorant, an antifreeze, an antioxidant, a corrosion inhibitor, and a fungicide.
- the fire extinguisher according to any one of ⁇ 1> to ⁇ 12> which is in the form of granules or tablets.
- the fire extinguisher as described in any one of ⁇ 1>- ⁇ 13> which does not contain a ⁇ 14> starch.
- a method for preparing extinguishing water comprising the steps of dispersing and dissolving the extinguishant described in any one of ⁇ 15> ⁇ 1> to ⁇ 14> in water.
- the fire extinguishing method of the fire including the process of discharging the water for fire extinguishing prepared by the preparation method of the fire extinguishing water as described in ⁇ 16> ⁇ 15> to a fire site.
- the extinguishant of the present invention is excellent in dispersibility in water.
- extinguishing water having appropriate viscosity can be prepared.
- This fire extinguishing water does not diffuse excessively when discharged. That is, the fire extinguishing water can be more efficiently sent to the fire site with a small amount of water discharge.
- the fire extinguishing water spatters and diffuses appropriately when it collides with a combustible or combustible, and it hardly flows off after adhering to the combustible or combustible. Therefore, the fire extinguishing efficiency is higher.
- the fire can be efficiently extinguished with less water discharge. Therefore, it is possible to efficiently extinguish the fire using the limited amount of water resources at the fire site, and at the same time, it is possible to further suppress the secondary damage caused by the extinguishing water discharged.
- FIG. 1 a It is a schematic diagram which shows arrangement
- the fire extinguishing agent of the present invention contains at least a crude guar gum having a thickening action and a dispersion aid which promotes the dispersion of the crude guar gum in water.
- the extinguishant of the present invention is used for the purpose of preparing extinguishing water by dispersing it in water.
- the crude guar gum used for the fire extinguishing agent of the present invention is a powder preparation obtained by crushing the endosperm part of guar, which is a leguminous plant, or a partially purified product thereof. including.
- "crude guar gum” refers to guar gum whose polysaccharide content in its dry matter is less than 95% by mass.
- the mass of crude guar gum dry matter is a value obtained by measuring the water content of crude guar gum and subtracting the water content from the mass of crude guar gum. Also, the water content of crude guar gum can be measured by Karl Fischer moisture meter (coulometric titration or volumetric titration).
- the moisture meter is available, for example, from Mitsubishi Chemical Analytech. Furthermore, in the present specification, the amount of polysaccharide in crude guar gum is the drying under reduced pressure, the protein is Kjeldahl, the lipid is Soxhlet according to the description of the analysis manual of the Japanese food standard composition table analysis manual. The extraction method, the dietary fiber is measured by the enzyme weight method, and the ash content is directly measured by the ashing method, and the total amount of these is subtracted from the total amount of crude guar gum.
- content of the polysaccharide in the crude guar gum dry product used for this invention is 40 to 95 mass%, It is more preferable that it is 70 to 95 mass%, 80 to 95 mass% More preferably, it is less than 10%.
- RG 1000 trade name, manufactured by MRS Polysaccharides Co., Ltd.
- Crud guar gum is less likely to form a powder when added to water, as compared to purified guar gum (a preparation in which crude guar gum is refined and the polysaccharide content is increased to 95% by mass or more), and dispersibility Is higher.
- the fire extinguishing water prepared using a fire extinguishing agent comprising a mixture containing crude guar gum is difficult to be separated into layers even if shaken or the like, and the homogeneity or dispersibility of its component composition is excellent. Therefore, the dispersion of the performance and quality of the prepared extinguishing water can be further suppressed.
- the crude guar gum does not lose its dispersibility in water of high hardness such as seawater, and can impart thickening property. Therefore, even when using seawater often present at a fire site, it is possible to prepare extinguishing water having the same performance as when using ordinary water, and it is excellent in practicability.
- the fire extinguishant of the present invention contains the dispersion aid described below.
- the fire extinguishant of the present invention contains at least one selected from monosaccharides and oligosaccharides as a dispersion aid for crude guar gum.
- monosaccharide 1 type (s) or 2 or more types selected from glucose, galactose, mannose, fructose etc. are mentioned.
- oligosaccharides examples include disaccharides such as lactose, sucrose and maltose, trisaccharides such as nigerotriose, maltotriose, melezitose, maletotriulose, raffinose and kestose, and tetrasaccharides such as distose, nigerotetraose and stachyose 1 type or 2 types or more selected from etc. are mentioned.
- the above monosaccharides and oligosaccharides are adsorbed to crude guar gum to prevent excessive aggregation between crude guar gums.
- the dispersion aid rapidly settles and disperses in water, the crude guar gum adsorbed to the dispersion aid is also dragged by the dispersion aid and easily settles into water, and the crude guar gum into water Dispersion is promoted.
- the total amount of monosaccharides and oligosaccharides is 30 to 400 parts by mass, more preferably 50 to 200 parts by mass, and 70 to 180 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of crude guar gum. It is further preferred that By setting the content of the dispersion aid in the above range, the dispersibility or dispersion stability of crude guar gum can be further enhanced. When the content of monosaccharides and oligosaccharides is too high, the amount of the fire extinguishing agent used for preparing the fire extinguishing water must be increased, and the usability and economic efficiency of the fire extinguishing agent decrease.
- total amount of monosaccharides and oligosaccharides means not only forms containing both monosaccharides and oligosaccharides, but also forms containing only oligosaccharides without monosaccharides, Alternatively, it is also used for forms containing only oligosaccharides and no oligosaccharides.
- the total amount of monosaccharides and oligosaccharides means the amount of oligosaccharides, and in the form not containing oligosaccharides, the “total amount of monosaccharides and oligosaccharides” is the amount of monosaccharides Means
- the extinguishant of the present invention preferably contains, as a dispersion aid, at least one selected from sucrose and white sucrose, and particularly preferably contains white sucrose.
- Super white sugar is a granular sugar obtained by adding invert sugar to sucrose, and more specifically, sucrose is a main component, and invert sugar (a mixed sugar of glucose and fructose) and water are on the crystal surface of sucrose.
- invert sugar a mixed sugar of glucose and fructose
- the proportion of invert sugar in top white sugar which can be used as a dispersion aid is preferably 0.1 to 5.0% by mass, more preferably 0.2 to 3.0% by mass, and still more preferably 0.5 to 2 It is .0 mass%.
- the proportion of water in the white sucrose that can be used as a dispersion aid is preferably 0.1 to 5.0% by mass, more preferably 0.2 to 2.0% by mass, and still more preferably 0.5. It is ⁇ 1.5 mass%.
- the upper white sugar is moist on the crystal surface by the invert sugar solution, so when mixed with the crude guar gum, the crude guar gum is appropriately adsorbed to become granular. Thereby, when the fire extinguishing agent of the present invention is added to water, crude guar gum can be more easily sedimented, and it can be more reliably prevented that it becomes suspended powder or remains undissolved while floating on the water surface.
- sucrose when “sucrose” is simply referred to as a component in a fire extinguishing agent, it is used in a meaning that does not include sucrose contained in white sugar. Moreover, in the present specification, “upper white sugar” is included in “at least one selected from monosaccharides and oligosaccharides”.
- the fire extinguisher of this invention is a form which contains reducing sugar as a dispersion adjuvant. Under high temperature at the fire site, it can react with amino compounds to form carbides (Maillard reaction) to reinforce the fire-extinguishing action.
- the Maillard reaction is a reaction in which a reducing sugar and an amino compound are reacted by a non-enzymatic reaction to form a brown substance having a more complicated molecular structure. It easily progresses by high temperature heating, often accompanied by caramelization, carbonization and the like.
- the high molecular weight polysaccharides hardly function as a dispersing aid for crude guar gum.
- starch is added instead of monosaccharides and oligosaccharides, the dispersibility of crude guar gum is not improved.
- the extinguishant of the present invention preferably contains no starch.
- the fire extinguishing agent of the present invention is at least one member selected from the group consisting of inorganic sodium salt, inorganic potassium salt, ammonium salt, and a foaming agent as a dispersing aid for crude guar gum in addition to the above monosaccharides and oligosaccharides.
- the form containing is also preferable.
- the inorganic sodium salt include one or more selected from sodium chloride, sodium sulfate, sodium nitrate, sodium phosphate, sodium pyrophosphate, sodium polyphosphate, sodium metaphosphate and the like.
- Examples of the inorganic potassium salt include one or more selected from potassium chloride, potassium sulfate, potassium nitrate, potassium phosphate, potassium pyrophosphate, potassium polyphosphate, potassium metaphosphate and the like.
- As said ammonium salt 1 type (s) or 2 or more types selected from ammonium chloride, ammonium sulfate, ammonium phosphate etc. are mentioned.
- inorganic sodium salts, inorganic potassium salts and ammonium salts are also adsorbed to crude guar gum and have an effect of preventing excessive aggregation of crude guar gums.
- dispersion aid rapidly settles and disperses in water, the crude guar gum adsorbed to the dispersion aid is also dragged by the dispersion aid and easily settles into water, and the crude guar gum into water Dispersion will be promoted.
- the blowing agent has a composition that generates a gas in water when the extinguishant containing it is poured into water.
- a foaming agent comprising sodium hydrogencarbonate and at least one organic acid selected from citric acid, fumaric acid, succinic acid, malic acid etc., a combination of ammonium hydrogencarbonate and the above organic acid And a foaming agent obtained by combining sodium nitrite and ammonium chloride.
- the above-mentioned foaming agent is foamed in water to stir the water and improve the dispersibility of crude guar gum and the like.
- each component constituting the blowing agent may be independently present in the extinguishant. That is, when the foaming agent comprising a plurality of components is blended into the extinguishant, the extinguishant comprising the components separately blended is also included in the extinguishant comprising the foaming agent in the present invention.
- the fire extinguishing agent of the present invention contains at least one selected from the group consisting of inorganic sodium salt, inorganic potassium salt, ammonium salt, and a foaming agent as a dispersion aid of crude guar gum
- the content thereof is particularly limited
- the total amount of the inorganic sodium salt, the inorganic potassium salt, the ammonium salt and the foaming agent is 50 to 200 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of crude guar gum from the viewpoint of further improving the dispersibility.
- the total amount of monosaccharides and oligosaccharides in the fire extinguishing agent is about 30 to 100 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of crude guar gum
- the total amount of inorganic sodium salt, inorganic potassium salt, ammonium salt and foaming agent is 50. It is preferable to contain up to 200 parts by mass.
- the term "the total amount of inorganic sodium salt, inorganic potassium salt, ammonium salt, and foaming agent" is a form including all of inorganic sodium salt, inorganic potassium salt, ammonium salt, and foaming agent.
- inorganic sodium salt, inorganic potassium salt, ammonium salt, and a foaming agent means the amount of inorganic sodium salt Do.
- the fire extinguishing agent of the present invention may contain a water-soluble polymer polysaccharide other than guar gum derived from the crude guar gum.
- the water-soluble polymer polysaccharide is not particularly limited, but one or more selected from the group consisting of tamarind seed gum, alginate, xanthan gum and pullulan can be suitably used. Among them, xanthan gum is preferably used.
- Soaxane XG-350 (trade name, manufactured by MRC Co., Ltd.) can be suitably used.
- the "water-soluble polymeric polysaccharide” is preferably soluble in water at 30 ° C, and more preferably soluble in water at 25 ° C or less.
- the thickening action of crude guar gum can be appropriately reinforced, whereby the adhesion of prepared fire extinguishing water, storage stability of the fire extinguishing water concerned It is possible to improve the properties and thermal stability.
- the fire extinguishing agent of the present invention contains a water-soluble polymer polysaccharide other than guar gum derived from crude guar gum
- the content of the water-soluble polymer polysaccharide is 5 to 75 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of crude guar gum. It is preferably part, more preferably 10 to 50 parts by mass, and still more preferably 12 to 40 parts by mass.
- the extinguishant of the present invention can contain an anionic surfactant or a nonionic surfactant or a combination thereof.
- anionic surfactant 1 type (s) or 2 or more types of surfactant of a carboxylic acid type, a sulfuric acid ester type, a sulfonic acid type, and a phosphoric acid ester type are mentioned, for example,
- AOS alpha- Olefin sulfonate
- AS alkyl sulfate
- AES polyoxyethylene alkyl ether sulfate
- N-acyl taurine salt N-acyl taurine salt and the like
- nonionic surfactant examples include one or more of fatty acid ester, ether type, ether / ester type, polyhydric alcohol type, polyhydric alcohol / ester type surfactant, and specific examples thereof Examples include polyoxyethylene alkyl ether, sucrose fatty acid ester, glycerin fatty acid ester (monoglyceride, diglyceride) and the like.
- the above-mentioned anionic surfactant is excellent in diffusion and solubility in water, so by including it in a fire extinguishing agent, the dispersibility of crude guar gum and polysaccharides in water is improved to increase the viscosity rising speed. And can impart surface activity to fire extinguishing water. Moreover, if the said nonionic surfactant is contained in a fire extinguisher, surface activity can be provided to the water for fire extinguishing, without inhibiting a thickening effect and viscosity rise speed. Furthermore, any of the above-described surfactants can suppress the growth of microorganisms depending on the amount added, and also contribute to sustaining the pseudoplasticity of fire extinguishing water for a long time.
- an amino compound is used as a surfactant, not only the surface activity to fire extinguishing water is imparted, but also the Maillard reaction with reducing sugar proceeds at high temperatures at the fire site, and carbide can be formed. The action can be reinforced.
- the total content of the surfactant is preferably 1 to 40 parts by mass, and 2 to 30 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of crude guar gum. Is more preferably 5 to 20 parts by mass.
- the surfactant contained in the composition of the extinguishant of the present invention is preferably less than 20.0% by mass, more preferably less than 10.0% by mass, and less than 7.0% by mass. Is more preferred. If the content of the surfactant is too large, the solubility in water may be deteriorated, and the viscosity increase rate of the fire extinguishing water may be slow, and at the same time, the toxicity to aquatic organisms is also concerned.
- the extinguishant may contain one or more other components such as a colorant, an antifreeze solution, an antioxidant, a corrosion inhibitor, and an antifungal agent, in addition to the components described above.
- the content of the other components in the extinguishant of the present invention is preferably 0.01 to 1.0 parts by mass, and preferably 0.1 to 0.5 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of crude guar gum. Is more preferred.
- the form of the extinguishant of the present invention is not particularly limited, but it is preferable that each raw material is in the form of a homogeneously mixed composition.
- the extinguishant of the present invention may be in the form of a solid, fluid or liquid, but is preferably in the form of powder, granules or tablets, from the viewpoint of handling and dispersibility in water.
- the tablet form is more preferable, and the granular form is particularly preferable.
- Granules in the present invention refer to those obtained by forming the powder into slightly larger particles.
- the extinguishant of the present invention can be obtained by mixing the above-mentioned respective raw materials in a desired ratio, and molding the mixture into a desired dosage form by an ordinary method.
- Granular fire extinguishing agent stirring granulation method, extrusion granulation method, tumbling granulation method, tablet granulation method, fluid bed granulation method, spray drying granulation method, melt granulation method, vacuum freeze drying method It can be prepared by a usual method such as suspension aggregation granulation method or coating granulation method. Moreover, in preparation of a granular fire extinguisher, surfactant mentioned above as a binder for granulation can also be used. In addition, when the fire extinguishing agent contains super-white sugar, it is possible to naturally obtain a granular fire extinguishing agent by simply mixing the raw materials.
- the extinguishant of the present invention is in the form of granules, 80% by mass or more, more preferably 90% by mass or more, still more preferably 95% by mass or more, still more preferably 97 to 100% by mass of the whole extinguishant
- they are granules of 1 to 1.5 mm, preferably 0.2 to 1.0 mm.
- Such granular fire extinguishing agents can be obtained by subjecting the granules to a desired screen.
- the said particle size can be measured by measurement on the photograph or the image
- the fire extinguisher of the present invention may be subjected to a coating treatment as required.
- crude guar gum that has been subjected to a coating treatment can also be used as a raw material.
- the material used for coating is preferably a surfactant.
- Preferred examples of the surfactant are the same as the surfactants described above.
- the coating process can be performed by a conventional method, for example, can be performed in processes such as stirring granulation method, rolling granulation method, fluidized bed granulation method, coating granulation method, etc. It can also be performed using another coating apparatus or process.
- the coating can further enhance the dispersibility of the extinguishant.
- Water for fire extinguishing can be prepared by dispersing and dissolving the fire extinguishing agent of the present invention in water.
- a fire extinguishing activity is carried out by discharging the extinguishing water.
- crude guar gum in the fire extinguishing water (if the fire extinguishing agent contains a polymeric polysaccharide, the total of crude guar gum and polymeric polysaccharides so that the prepared fire extinguishing water exhibits appropriate pseudoplastic properties) It is preferable to adjust the content of 0.1 to 5.0% by mass, more preferably 0.15 to 3.0% by mass, and still more preferably 0.2 to 1.0% by mass.
- the extinguishant may be added to the water all at once, or may be added to the water several times. Since the extinguishant of the present invention exhibits good dispersibility only by adding it to water, it is possible to easily prepare extinguishing water having a homogeneous property.
- the fire-extinguishing water showing pseudo plastic properties prepared using the fire-extinguishing agent of the present invention has less diffusion due to air flow after water discharge than water and synthetic surfactant water extinguishing water, and water absorbing polymer water fire extinguishing water Because it diffuses appropriately, it can spread appropriately and land on the fire site while holding enough water.
- the updraft due to the fire and the excessive diffusion due to the airflow generated by the flight of the helicopter or aircraft are suppressed, and it is possible to land on the fire site while spreading appropriately, so the fire extinguishing water that contributes to extinguishing The proportion can be further increased, and it exhibits high extinguishing action with less water discharge.
- the fire-extinguishing water exhibiting pseudoplasticity prepared using the fire-extinguishing agent of the present invention is scattered by the impact of the landing and adheres to surrounding combustibles and combustibles to enhance the fire-extinguishing action.
- Post-adhesion fire-fighting water is less likely to run down to develop higher viscosity, and stays in a place where it adheres for a long time, thus exhibiting a continuous fire-extinguishing action and fire spread prevention action.
- the fire extinguishing water contains a surfactant
- the permeability to combustibles and combustibles is enhanced, so that a high cooling effect is exhibited and, at the same time, the refire prevention effect of the extinguished part and the fire spread suppressing effect of the unburned matter are also exhibited.
- the water for fire extinguishing contains saccharides
- the fire spread prevention effect by carbonizing this saccharides at high temperature is also exhibited.
- the fire extinguishing method of the present invention includes the step of discharging the fire extinguishing water prepared by the above-described method of preparing fire extinguishing water of the present invention to a fire site.
- the fire-extinguishing water showing pseudo plastic properties prepared using the extinguishant of the present invention is discharged to the fire site.
- the method of discharging the fire extinguishing water and methods such as spraying from above, water discharging from a fire-fighting vehicle, manual spraying using a bucket, etc. may be used. It is particularly suitable for spraying from the sky to a fire site using an aircraft such as a boat or an airplane.
- the fire extinguishing water discharged by the fire extinguishing method of the present invention exhibits pseudo plasticity, it can suppress excessive diffusion due to air flow after water discharge such as water and extinguishing water of surfactant type, It diffuses moderately compared to water extinguishing water of water absorbing polymer type. Therefore, according to the fire extinguishing method of the present invention, it is possible to cause the target area of the fire site to be landed and dispersed with high accuracy while the fire extinguishing water holding the water is properly diffused.
- the extinguishing water to be discharged exhibits pseudoplasticity, it is scattered by the impact of the landing and adheres to surrounding combustibles and combustibles to enhance the fire extinguishing action. After adhesion, the fire extinguishing water is difficult to run down to develop higher viscosity, and stays in a place where it adheres for a long time, so it exhibits a continuous fire-extinguishing action and fire spread preventing action.
- the fire extinguishing water contains a surfactant
- the permeability to combustibles and combustibles is enhanced, so that a high cooling effect is exhibited and, at the same time, the refire prevention effect of the extinguished part and the fire spread suppressing effect of the unburned matter are also exhibited.
- the water for fire extinguishing contains saccharides
- the fire spread prevention effect by carbonizing this saccharides at high temperature is also exhibited.
- Preparation Example 2 Preparation of fire extinguishing water (fresh water) Prepare 200 ml of distilled water (DW) at 25 ° C ⁇ 0.5 ° C in a beaker, and the total content of crude guar gum and xanthan gum is 0.20 to 1.25% by weight. It was dispersed and dissolved as described above to prepare extinguishing water. Dispersion and dissolution were carried out by setting the stirring rotational speed to 1000 rpm and stirring for 5 minutes.
- DW distilled water
- Preparation Example 3 Preparation of Water for Fire Fighting (Seawater) A fire extinguishing water was prepared in the same manner as in Preparation Example 2 except that, in Preparation Example 2, artificial seawater with the following composition was used instead of distilled water.
- guar gum RG 1000 crude guar gum (made by M.R. Sea polysaccharides)
- Guar gum RG700 Purified guar gum (manufactured by MRC polysaccharides)
- Soaxane XG-350 xanthan gum (manufactured by M.C.C. polysaccharides)
- Upper white sugar Mitsui Co., Ltd.
- extinguishant present invention products 1 to 26, comparative products 1 to 14
- Tables 1 and 2 above are obtained by simply mixing the raw materials.
- Invention Products 3 to 5 and Invention Products 15 to 26 and Comparative Products 5 and 7 containing a predetermined amount of superwhite sugar became granular fire extinguishing agents, and the other fire extinguishing agents were powdery.
- the extinguishant (present invention products 27 to 38) described in Table 3 above is a granular extinguishant obtained by granulating to a desired particle diameter by a stirring granulation method. 98% by mass or more of each extinguishant described in Table 3 was in the range of the particle size described in Table 3, and the rest were broken pieces or powder of finely divided granules.
- the fire extinguishing agent described in the above Table 4 is obtained by coating crude guar gum, Soaxan XG 350 in advance with glycerin fatty acid ester (trade name: MCA-150, manufactured by Sakamoto Yakuhin Kogyo Co., Ltd.) or anionic surfactant (Lipolan PB-800). It is an extinguishing agent obtained by simply mixing each raw material using this.
- the extinguishant described in the above Table 5 is a extinguishant obtained by simply mixing the respective raw materials.
- inventive products 45 to 50 have the same composition as the fire extinguishing agent, the method for preparing the fire extinguishing water using this and the test method are different, so the columns are separately described. That is, the fire extinguishing agent of the invention 46 was dispersed in a water temperature of 10.degree. C., the fire extinguishing agent of the invention 47 was dispersed in a water temperature of 38.degree.
- fire extinguishing agent of the invention 48 was dispersed in acidic water of pH 3.31
- the fire extinguishing agent of the invention 49 was dispersed in alkaline water of pH 9.75
- other, fire extinguishing water was prepared in the same manner as in Preparation Example 2.
- the fire extinguishing water prepared by the method described in Preparation Examples 2 and 3 using the fire extinguishing agent according to the present inventions 1-53 not only has the viscosity shown in each table but also has pseudoplasticity. It was a thing.
- ⁇ Test Example 3 Evaluation of Viscosity Viscosity of fire extinguishing water after preparation for fire extinguishing water by the same method as the above Preparation Examples 2 and 3 and standing for 10 minutes at 25 ° C. ⁇ 0.5 ° C. for 24 hours (unit: The viscosity of the rotor no. It measured at 3 or 2 and 60 rpm. The results are shown in Tables 1 to 5 above. If the viscosity after standing for 10 minutes is 150 mPa ⁇ s or more and the equilibrium viscosity (viscosity after standing for 24 hours) is 200 mPa ⁇ s or more, it can be judged that the practicability is excellent.
- the viscosity is low and the difference in viscosity with water is small, it is likely to be scattered over a wide range like water, and an effective fire extinguishing ability can not be obtained. Is limited. Generally, if the viscosity is about 150 mPa ⁇ s or more, it is considered that the fire extinguishing can be performed more efficiently than water. In addition, in practical use, if the viscosity is up to about 2000 mPa ⁇ s, effective extinguishing is possible.
- Adhesive water adhesion amount The amount of adhesion of fire extinguishing water is by immersing the above 3 pieces of wood whose ends are fixed with a jig vertically to the height of 150 mm from the end opposite to the jig for 2 seconds in the fire extinguishing water for 2 seconds, The amount of adhesion of fire extinguishing water per wood piece was calculated from the difference between the weight and the weight after 5 minutes (g), and in view of the results of examination of the burning rate described later, evaluation was made according to the following evaluation criteria. The results are shown in Tables 1 to 5 above.
- A The adhesion amount of fire extinguishing water per wood piece is 0.40 g or more.
- B The adhesion amount of fire extinguishing water per wood piece is 0.30 g or more and less than 0.40 g.
- C The adhesion amount of fire extinguishing water per wood piece is less than 0.30 g.
- FIG. 2 An example of the result of the fire spread prevention performance (adhesion amount of water for fire extinguishing and burning speed) is shown in FIG.
- the horizontal axis represents the amount of attached fire-fighting water per 150 mm of wood, and the vertical axis represents the burning rate.
- the burning rate is about 0.06 cm / sec or more
- the test piece burns up to 140 mm at a burning rate of about 0.06 cm / sec. There is.
- the adhesion amount at this boundary was calculated from the approximate curve in FIG. 2 and was about 0.39 g (per 150 mm per wood piece).
- ⁇ Test Example 5 Evaluation of spray density and diffusivity of fire extinguishing water Using a small wind tunnel of 600 mm, using an air velocity of 5.7 m / s, extinguishing water spray amount of 200 g, and fire extinguishing water spraying height of 590 mm The flight was simulated, and the distribution density and diffusion of fire extinguishing water were observed.
- Table 6 shows the experimental results on the spray density and diffusivity of fire extinguishing water.
- the spray density was calculated using an area to secure 1.6 L / m 2 or more as the effective extinguishing area, and the effective extinguishing area when the extinguishing water was water was compared as 1.
- the diffusivity was evaluated by the amount of scattering to the outside of the wind tunnel by wind (disappeared amount).
- the lost amount in Table 6 below is the ratio (% by mass) of the lost amount to the mass of 200 g of the extinguishing water sprayed.
- the extinguishant of the present invention is suitable for preparation of extinguishing water with high extinguishing performance.
- the fire extinguishing agent of the present invention can be suitably used particularly for preparation of fire extinguishing water in the case where water is released (dispersed) from above the fire to the fire extinguishing target using a helicopter, aircraft or the like.
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Abstract
A fire-extinguishing agent which comprises crude guar gum and further contains at least one saccharide selected from monosaccharides and oligosaccharides as a dispersion aid for the crude guar gum, wherein the monosaccharide(s) and oligosaccharide(s) are contained in a total amount of 30-400 parts by mass per 100 parts by mass of the crude guar gum.
Description
本発明は消火剤に関する。より具体的には、水に対する分散性及び分散安定性が良好で、消火性能に優れた消火用水の迅速な調製に好適な消火剤に関する。
The present invention relates to a extinguishant. More specifically, the present invention relates to a fire extinguishing agent suitable for rapid preparation of fire extinguishing water having good water dispersibility and dispersion stability and excellent fire extinguishing performance.
通常、火災においては水(消火用水)を用いて消火作業をする。水は比熱及び蒸発熱が高いことから冷却作用が高く、燃焼物や可燃物から効率的に熱を奪うことで消火あるいは燃焼を防止する。しかしながら、水は表面張力が高く、燃焼物または可燃物表面に滞留せずに、落下して流失しやすい。消火活動に使用した水のうち、実際に消火に寄与するのは10%程度といわれている。したがって、消火に際しては長時間に渡って連続放水する必要があるため、大量の水を必要とする。また、放水された消火用水は滞留せずに大量に流れ落ちるために、例えば高層建物の火災の消火に際しては、火災とは直接関係のない建物下層及び隣接した区域・建物への水の流入や水の飛散等が起こり、二次的な被害を引き起こす問題点も有している。
Usually, in the case of fire, extinguish work using water (water for fire extinguishing). Water has a high specific heat and high heat of vaporization, so it has a high cooling effect, and it effectively extinguishes heat from the combustibles and combustibles to prevent extinguishing or burning. However, water has a high surface tension and is likely to fall and be washed away without staying on the surface of the combustible or combustible material. Of the water used for fire fighting, it is said that about 10% actually contribute to fire fighting. Therefore, in order to extinguish fires, it is necessary to continuously discharge water for a long time, so a large amount of water is required. In addition, in order to extinguish the fire of high-rise buildings, for example, when the fire of a high-rise building is extinguished, the inflow of water into the lower layer of the building and the adjacent area / building or the water And other problems that cause secondary damage.
一方で、火災現場近傍において水資源の量が限られている場合もある。例えば、林野火災等においては、消火に必要な水を十分に確保できないことが多い。この場合には、限られた量の水を効率的に消火に寄与させることが特に求められる。
On the other hand, the amount of water resources may be limited near the fire site. For example, in forest field fires, etc., it is often impossible to secure sufficient water for fire extinguishing. In this case, it is particularly desirable to efficiently contribute a limited amount of water to extinguishing.
これまで、水の消火作用を増強させるために下記の水添加型消火剤が開発されてきている。
(a)リン酸塩無機化合物系消火剤
通常、主成分としてリン酸アンモニウムを含む。リン酸塩無機化合物系消火剤を含む消火用水が火災域に散布されると、加熱によりリン酸アンモニウムが分解されて、その際の吸熱作用により周囲の熱を奪う。また、不燃性のガスを発生して周囲にガス層を形成することで酸素を遮断し、さらに高温になると、溶融ガラス状に変化して燃焼面を被覆して酸素を遮断する。 Heretofore, the following water-added extinguishing agents have been developed to enhance the extinguishing action of water.
(A) Phosphate inorganic compound fire extinguisher Usually, ammonium phosphate is contained as a main component. When fire extinguishing water containing a phosphate inorganic compound-based fire extinguishing agent is sprayed to the fire area, the ammonium phosphate is decomposed by heating, and the heat absorption effect thereby deprives surrounding heat. In addition, noncombustible gas is generated to form a gas layer around it to block oxygen, and when the temperature is further increased, it changes to a molten glass shape and coats the combustion surface to block oxygen.
(a)リン酸塩無機化合物系消火剤
通常、主成分としてリン酸アンモニウムを含む。リン酸塩無機化合物系消火剤を含む消火用水が火災域に散布されると、加熱によりリン酸アンモニウムが分解されて、その際の吸熱作用により周囲の熱を奪う。また、不燃性のガスを発生して周囲にガス層を形成することで酸素を遮断し、さらに高温になると、溶融ガラス状に変化して燃焼面を被覆して酸素を遮断する。 Heretofore, the following water-added extinguishing agents have been developed to enhance the extinguishing action of water.
(A) Phosphate inorganic compound fire extinguisher Usually, ammonium phosphate is contained as a main component. When fire extinguishing water containing a phosphate inorganic compound-based fire extinguishing agent is sprayed to the fire area, the ammonium phosphate is decomposed by heating, and the heat absorption effect thereby deprives surrounding heat. In addition, noncombustible gas is generated to form a gas layer around it to block oxygen, and when the temperature is further increased, it changes to a molten glass shape and coats the combustion surface to block oxygen.
しかしながら、リン酸塩無機化合物系消火剤を添加して消火用水の消火作用を増強するためには、多くの消火剤を水に添加する必要がある。さらに、リン酸塩無機化合物は水に溶けにくいために継粉(ママコ)を生成しやすい。ここで継粉とは、粉体を液に投入した際に液中で分散・溶解しきれずに凝集した塊であり、液で膨潤した外層に粉体が包み込まれた構造をとる。ダマとも呼ばれ、一旦生成すると凝集体全体が液で膨潤しても溶けにくくなる。
また、長期保管されたリン酸塩無機化合物は成分が析出して塊になるため、使用時にはこれを粉砕する装置が必要となる。リン酸塩無機化合物が水に溶けにくいことは、資機材の洗浄作業に手間がかかるという問題も生じさせる。さらに、リン酸アンモニウムは、肥料に使われる成分と類似しているため、散布された土壌に富栄養化現象をもたらすという環境面に対する問題点も指摘されている。 However, in order to add the phosphate inorganic compound-based extinguishant to enhance the extinguishing action of the extinguishing water, it is necessary to add a large amount of the extinguishant to the water. Furthermore, since phosphate inorganic compounds are hardly soluble in water, they tend to form a continuous powder (Mamako). Here, the powder is a lump which is not dispersed or dissolved in the liquid when the powder is charged into the liquid and is aggregated, and has a structure in which the powder is wrapped in an outer layer swollen with the liquid. It is also called dama, and once formed, it becomes difficult to dissolve even if the entire aggregate swells with liquid.
Moreover, since the phosphate mineral compound stored for a long period of time precipitates into a mass and becomes a mass, an apparatus for pulverizing this is required at the time of use. The fact that the phosphate inorganic compound is difficult to dissolve in water also causes a problem that it takes time and effort to wash materials and equipment. Furthermore, since the ammonium phosphate is similar to the component used for fertilizers, it is pointed out that there are environmental problems that cause the eutrophication phenomenon in the sprayed soil.
また、長期保管されたリン酸塩無機化合物は成分が析出して塊になるため、使用時にはこれを粉砕する装置が必要となる。リン酸塩無機化合物が水に溶けにくいことは、資機材の洗浄作業に手間がかかるという問題も生じさせる。さらに、リン酸アンモニウムは、肥料に使われる成分と類似しているため、散布された土壌に富栄養化現象をもたらすという環境面に対する問題点も指摘されている。 However, in order to add the phosphate inorganic compound-based extinguishant to enhance the extinguishing action of the extinguishing water, it is necessary to add a large amount of the extinguishant to the water. Furthermore, since phosphate inorganic compounds are hardly soluble in water, they tend to form a continuous powder (Mamako). Here, the powder is a lump which is not dispersed or dissolved in the liquid when the powder is charged into the liquid and is aggregated, and has a structure in which the powder is wrapped in an outer layer swollen with the liquid. It is also called dama, and once formed, it becomes difficult to dissolve even if the entire aggregate swells with liquid.
Moreover, since the phosphate mineral compound stored for a long period of time precipitates into a mass and becomes a mass, an apparatus for pulverizing this is required at the time of use. The fact that the phosphate inorganic compound is difficult to dissolve in water also causes a problem that it takes time and effort to wash materials and equipment. Furthermore, since the ammonium phosphate is similar to the component used for fertilizers, it is pointed out that there are environmental problems that cause the eutrophication phenomenon in the sprayed soil.
(b)合成界面活性剤系消火剤
合成界面活性剤を主成分とするため、合成界面活性剤系消火剤を含む消火用水は表面張力が低く、燃焼物や可燃物等の消火対象に浸透しやすい。また、衝突した衝撃等により形成した泡が燃焼物や可燃物を覆って酸素を遮断することで、消火・再燃防止・延焼抑制の効果が向上する。界面活性剤系消火剤の水への添加濃度は低く、また、該消火剤のみを水に添加することで消火用水を調製できるので、消火用水の調製を比較的迅速に行うことができる。 (B) Synthetic surfactant-based fire extinguishing agent As the main component is synthetic surfactant, fire extinguishing water containing synthetic surfactant-based fire extinguishing agent has low surface tension and penetrates into fire extinguishing objects such as burnables and combustibles. Cheap. Moreover, the foam formed by the impact which collided covers a combustion thing and a combustible thing, and the effect of fire-extinguishing / re-fire prevention / fire spread suppression improves by shielding oxygen and cutting off. Since the concentration of the surfactant type fire extinguishant added to water is low, and the fire extinguishing water can be prepared by adding only the fire extinguishing agent to the water, the extinguishing water can be prepared relatively quickly.
合成界面活性剤を主成分とするため、合成界面活性剤系消火剤を含む消火用水は表面張力が低く、燃焼物や可燃物等の消火対象に浸透しやすい。また、衝突した衝撃等により形成した泡が燃焼物や可燃物を覆って酸素を遮断することで、消火・再燃防止・延焼抑制の効果が向上する。界面活性剤系消火剤の水への添加濃度は低く、また、該消火剤のみを水に添加することで消火用水を調製できるので、消火用水の調製を比較的迅速に行うことができる。 (B) Synthetic surfactant-based fire extinguishing agent As the main component is synthetic surfactant, fire extinguishing water containing synthetic surfactant-based fire extinguishing agent has low surface tension and penetrates into fire extinguishing objects such as burnables and combustibles. Cheap. Moreover, the foam formed by the impact which collided covers a combustion thing and a combustible thing, and the effect of fire-extinguishing / re-fire prevention / fire spread suppression improves by shielding oxygen and cutting off. Since the concentration of the surfactant type fire extinguishant added to water is low, and the fire extinguishing water can be prepared by adding only the fire extinguishing agent to the water, the extinguishing water can be prepared relatively quickly.
しかしながら、特にヘリコプターや航空機などを使用して火災上空から空中放水(散布)を行う場合には、合成界面活性剤系消火剤を含む消火用水は空気の抵抗によって気泡を発生しやすく、火災による上昇気流及びヘリコプター、飛行艇、飛行機等の航空機自身の飛行によって発生する気流によって吹き飛ばされ、拡散して消失したり狙ったポイントに消火用水が到達しにくかったりする問題がある。
また、合成界面活性剤系消火剤は目的とした消火作用を得るために泡の形成を必要とするため、泡を形成する濃度にまで水への添加量を上げる必要があり、このような濃度の場合には水生生物に対する毒性が懸念される。 However, especially when using a helicopter or aircraft to discharge (spray) the air from above the fire, fire extinguishing water containing synthetic surfactant fire extinguishing agents is likely to generate air bubbles due to air resistance and rise due to fire There is a problem that the air flow and the air flow generated by the flight of the aircraft itself such as a helicopter, a flying boat, and an airplane cause the diffusion and disappearance, and the extinguishing water is difficult to reach the targeted point.
In addition, since synthetic surfactant fire extinguishing agents require the formation of bubbles to obtain the intended extinguishing action, it is necessary to increase the amount added to water to the concentration at which they form bubbles, such concentration In the case of, the toxicity to aquatic organisms is a concern.
また、合成界面活性剤系消火剤は目的とした消火作用を得るために泡の形成を必要とするため、泡を形成する濃度にまで水への添加量を上げる必要があり、このような濃度の場合には水生生物に対する毒性が懸念される。 However, especially when using a helicopter or aircraft to discharge (spray) the air from above the fire, fire extinguishing water containing synthetic surfactant fire extinguishing agents is likely to generate air bubbles due to air resistance and rise due to fire There is a problem that the air flow and the air flow generated by the flight of the aircraft itself such as a helicopter, a flying boat, and an airplane cause the diffusion and disappearance, and the extinguishing water is difficult to reach the targeted point.
In addition, since synthetic surfactant fire extinguishing agents require the formation of bubbles to obtain the intended extinguishing action, it is necessary to increase the amount added to water to the concentration at which they form bubbles, such concentration In the case of, the toxicity to aquatic organisms is a concern.
また、消火対象に到達した後も、消火用水の温度が低い場合は泡を生じにくく、温度が高い場合は泡の消失が早くなるため所望の性能を発揮できない場合がある。
In addition, even after reaching the fire extinguishing target, when the temperature of the fire extinguishing water is low, bubbles are difficult to be generated, and when the temperature is high, the bubbles disappear quickly, and the desired performance may not be exhibited.
(c)吸水性ポリマー系消火剤
吸水性ポリマーを主成分とし、水を十分に吸水した吸水性ポリマーを、燃焼物や可燃物に接触させることにより、消火・再燃防止・延焼抑止効果を発揮する。 (C) Water-absorbing polymer fire extinguishing agent A water-absorbing polymer containing water-absorbing polymer as a main component and sufficiently absorbing water is brought into contact with a combustible or combustible material to exhibit fire extinguishing, reburning prevention, and fire spread suppressing effect. .
吸水性ポリマーを主成分とし、水を十分に吸水した吸水性ポリマーを、燃焼物や可燃物に接触させることにより、消火・再燃防止・延焼抑止効果を発揮する。 (C) Water-absorbing polymer fire extinguishing agent A water-absorbing polymer containing water-absorbing polymer as a main component and sufficiently absorbing water is brought into contact with a combustible or combustible material to exhibit fire extinguishing, reburning prevention, and fire spread suppressing effect. .
しかしながら、吸水性ポリマー系の消火剤を含む消火用水は、浸透力が比較的弱いので、付着した部分から周囲へ消火用水が展開しにくく、周囲への消火・再燃防止・延焼抑止効果はさほど期待できない。さらに、吸水性ポリマーは、火災後の残火処理、現場調査等の作業の際に、足をすべらせる原因となる。
加えて、吸水性ポリマーは生分解しにくく、環境中に蓄積して生態系に悪影響を及ぼすことが指摘されている。 However, fire extinguishing water containing water-absorbing polymer fire extinguishing agents has relatively weak penetration, so it is difficult for the fire extinguishing water to spread from the attached part to the surroundings, and the fire extinguishing, relapse prevention and fire spread suppressing effects to the surroundings are expected very much Can not. In addition, the water-absorbing polymer causes the foot to slip during work such as after-fire treatment and on-site investigations.
In addition, it has been pointed out that water-absorbing polymers are difficult to biodegrade and accumulate in the environment to adversely affect ecosystems.
加えて、吸水性ポリマーは生分解しにくく、環境中に蓄積して生態系に悪影響を及ぼすことが指摘されている。 However, fire extinguishing water containing water-absorbing polymer fire extinguishing agents has relatively weak penetration, so it is difficult for the fire extinguishing water to spread from the attached part to the surroundings, and the fire extinguishing, relapse prevention and fire spread suppressing effects to the surroundings are expected very much Can not. In addition, the water-absorbing polymer causes the foot to slip during work such as after-fire treatment and on-site investigations.
In addition, it has been pointed out that water-absorbing polymers are difficult to biodegrade and accumulate in the environment to adversely affect ecosystems.
また、ポリアクリル酸塩のような吸水ポリマーは溶媒中のイオン濃度の影響を受けやすく吸水性が悪くなる為、硬水や海水を使用する場合に十分な性能を得るためには使用濃度をかなり高める必要がある。
In addition, since water-absorbing polymers such as polyacrylates are susceptible to the influence of ion concentration in the solvent and the water-absorbing properties deteriorate, the use concentration is considerably increased to obtain sufficient performance when using hard water or seawater There is a need.
(d)増粘剤系消火剤
消火用水に増粘性を付与して消火性能の高めることも報告されている(例えば、特許文献1~3)。特許文献1及び2では、消火用水に増粘作用を付与すると共に、さらにでんぷんなどの炭化成分を含有させることで消火用水の消火・延焼防止性能を高めている。また、特許文献3では、消火用水に増粘剤と共に金属イオン架橋剤を含有させている。 (D) Thickener-type fire extinguishing agent It has also been reported that the fire extinguishing performance is enhanced by imparting thickening property to water for fire extinguishing (for example,Patent Documents 1 to 3). In patent documents 1 and 2, while adding a thickening effect to fire extinguishing water, the fire extinguishing / fire spread prevention performance of fire extinguishing water is improved by containing carbonization components, such as starch, further. Moreover, in patent document 3, the water for fire extinguishing is made to contain a metal ion crosslinking agent with a thickener.
消火用水に増粘性を付与して消火性能の高めることも報告されている(例えば、特許文献1~3)。特許文献1及び2では、消火用水に増粘作用を付与すると共に、さらにでんぷんなどの炭化成分を含有させることで消火用水の消火・延焼防止性能を高めている。また、特許文献3では、消火用水に増粘剤と共に金属イオン架橋剤を含有させている。 (D) Thickener-type fire extinguishing agent It has also been reported that the fire extinguishing performance is enhanced by imparting thickening property to water for fire extinguishing (for example,
しかし、増粘剤が均質に分散した消火用水を調製するには、数段階に分けて水と混合する必要があるため、特許文献1~3に記載の発明は消火用水の迅速な調製には向いていない。また、消火用水を手順通りに調製しないと成分が溶けきらずに継粉となってしまうことも懸念される。特に、増粘性の高い高分子多糖類を使用する場合、増粘剤が水への投入時に継粉になり、消火用水として期待すべき効果を付与できないことがある。
However, in order to prepare the fire extinguishing water in which the thickener is uniformly dispersed, it is necessary to divide it into several steps and mix it with the water, so the inventions described in Patent Documents 1 to 3 are for rapid preparation of the fire extinguishing water. It is not suitable. In addition, if the fire extinguishing water is not prepared according to the procedure, there is a concern that the components may not be completely dissolved and may become a continuous powder. In particular, in the case of using a high viscosity polysaccharide, the thickener may form a continuous powder when it is added to water, and it may not be possible to impart the effect expected as fire extinguishing water.
本発明は、水への分散性が高く、粘性ないしシュードプラスチック性を示す消火用水の迅速な調製に好適な消火剤を提供することを課題とする。
また、本発明は、上記消火剤を用いて消火用水を調製し、これを用いて火災を消火する方法の提供を課題とする。 An object of the present invention is to provide a fire extinguishing agent suitable for rapid preparation of fire extinguishing water which is highly dispersible in water and exhibits viscosity or pseudoplasticity.
Moreover, this invention makes it a subject to provide the method of preparing fire extinguishing water using the said fire extinguisher, and extinguishing a fire using this.
また、本発明は、上記消火剤を用いて消火用水を調製し、これを用いて火災を消火する方法の提供を課題とする。 An object of the present invention is to provide a fire extinguishing agent suitable for rapid preparation of fire extinguishing water which is highly dispersible in water and exhibits viscosity or pseudoplasticity.
Moreover, this invention makes it a subject to provide the method of preparing fire extinguishing water using the said fire extinguisher, and extinguishing a fire using this.
本発明者らは、上記課題に鑑み鋭意検討を行った。その結果、粘性ないしシュードプラスチック性の発現に必要な高分子化合物の供給源として特定の材料を採用し、この材料と当該材料の分散を促す特定の物質とを含有する混合物が、水への分散性に優れ、当該混合物を分散させた水は、消火用水として優れた性能を示すことを見出した。本発明はこれらの知見に基づき完成させるに至ったものである。
ここで、シュードプラスチック(pseudo plastic)性とは、粘度のせん断速度依存性を示すパラメーターの一つを指し、せん断速度が大きくなるにつれて粘度が下がる性質のことである。擬塑性、シェアーシニング(shear thinning)性などともいう。 The present inventors diligently studied in view of the above problems. As a result, a specific material is adopted as a source of the polymer compound necessary for the development of viscosity or pseudoplasticity, and a mixture containing this material and a specific substance which promotes the dispersion of the material is dispersed in water. It was found that water having excellent properties and in which the mixture was dispersed exhibited excellent performance as fire extinguishing water. The present invention has been completed based on these findings.
Here, pseudo plasticity refers to one of the parameters showing the shear rate dependency of viscosity, and is a property in which the viscosity decreases as the shear rate increases. It is also called pseudoplasticity, shear thinning property, and the like.
ここで、シュードプラスチック(pseudo plastic)性とは、粘度のせん断速度依存性を示すパラメーターの一つを指し、せん断速度が大きくなるにつれて粘度が下がる性質のことである。擬塑性、シェアーシニング(shear thinning)性などともいう。 The present inventors diligently studied in view of the above problems. As a result, a specific material is adopted as a source of the polymer compound necessary for the development of viscosity or pseudoplasticity, and a mixture containing this material and a specific substance which promotes the dispersion of the material is dispersed in water. It was found that water having excellent properties and in which the mixture was dispersed exhibited excellent performance as fire extinguishing water. The present invention has been completed based on these findings.
Here, pseudo plasticity refers to one of the parameters showing the shear rate dependency of viscosity, and is a property in which the viscosity decreases as the shear rate increases. It is also called pseudoplasticity, shear thinning property, and the like.
本発明の課題は下記の手段により達成された。
<1>クルードグァーガムを含有し、さらに、クルードグァーガムの分散助剤として、単糖類及び少糖類から選ばれる少なくとも1種を含有する消火剤であって、クルードグァーガム100質量部に対し、単糖類及び少糖類を総量で30~400質量部含有する、消火剤。
<2>クルードグァーガムの分散助剤として、さらに、無機ナトリウム塩、無機カリウム塩、アンモニウム塩及び発泡剤からなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1種を含有する、<1>に記載の消火剤。
<3>クルードグァーガム100質量部に対し、無機ナトリウム塩、無機カリウム塩、アンモニウム塩及び発泡剤を総量で50~200質量部含有する、<2>に記載の消火剤。
<4>前記発泡剤が、炭酸水素ナトリウムと、クエン酸、フマル酸、コハク酸及びリンゴ酸からなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1種の有機酸とを組み合わせてなる発泡剤、炭酸水素アンモニウムと、クエン酸、フマル酸、コハク酸及びリンゴ酸からなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1種の有機酸とを組み合わせてなる発泡剤、並びに、亜硝酸ナトリウムと塩化アンモニウムとを組み合わせてなる発泡剤からなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1種の発泡剤である、<2>又は<3>に記載の消火剤。
<5>クルードグァーガムの分散助剤として、スクロース及び上白糖から選ばれる少なくとも1種を含有する、<1>~<4>のいずれか1項に記載の消火剤。
<6>クルードグァーガム100質量部に対し、クルードグァーガムに由来するグァーガム以外の水溶性高分子多糖類を5~75質量部含有する、<1>~<5>のいずれか1項に記載の消火剤。
<7>クルードグァーガムに由来するグァーガム以外の水溶性高分子多糖類が、タマリンドシードガム、アルギン酸エステル、キサンタンガム及びプルランからなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1種である、<6>に記載の消火剤。
<8>クルードグァーガムに由来するグァーガム以外の水溶性高分子多糖類が界面活性剤でコーティングされている、<6>又は<7>に記載の消火剤。
<9>クルードグァーガムが界面活性剤でコーティングされている、<1>~<8>のいずれか1項に記載の消火剤。
<10>アニオン性界面活性剤及びノニオン性界面活性剤からなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1種の界面活性剤を含有する、<1>~<9>のいずれか1項に記載の消火剤。
<11>アニオン性界面活性剤が、α-オレフィンスルホン酸塩、アルキル硫酸塩、ポリオキシエチレンアルキルエーテル硫酸塩及びN-アシルタウリン塩からなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1種であり、ノニオン性界面活性剤が、ポリオキシエチレンアルキルエーテル、ショ糖脂肪酸エステル及びグリセリン脂肪酸エステルからなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1種である、<10>に記載の消火剤。
<12>着色剤、不凍液、酸化防止剤、腐食防止剤及び防カビ剤からなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1種を含有する、<1>~<11>のいずれか1項に記載の消火剤。
<13>顆粒状又はタブレット状である、<1>~<12>のいずれか1項に記載の消火剤。
<14>澱粉を含有しない、<1>~<13>のいずれか1項に記載の消火剤。
<15><1>~<14>のいずれか1項に記載の消火剤を水に分散・溶解する工程を含む、消火用水の調製方法。
<16><15>に記載の消火用水の調製方法により調製した消火用水を火災現場に放水する工程を含む、火災の消火方法。 The object of the present invention is achieved by the following means.
<1> A fire extinguishing agent containing crude guar gum and further containing at least one selected from monosaccharides and oligosaccharides as a dispersion aid for crude guar gum, wherein the monosaccharide and the saccharide are based on 100 parts by mass of crude guar gum A fire extinguishing agent containing 30 to 400 parts by mass in total of oligosaccharides.
The fire extinguisher as described in <1> which contains at least 1 sort (s) chosen from the group which consists of inorganic sodium salt, inorganic potassium salt, ammonium salt, and a foaming agent further as a dispersion aid of <2> crude guar gum.
The fire extinguishing agent according to <2>, wherein the inorganic sodium salt, the inorganic potassium salt, the ammonium salt and the foaming agent are contained in a total amount of 50 to 200 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of <3> crude guar gum.
<4> A foaming agent obtained by combining sodium hydrogencarbonate and at least one organic acid selected from the group consisting of citric acid, fumaric acid, succinic acid and malic acid, ammonium hydrogencarbonate and citric acid It is selected from the group consisting of a foaming agent comprising a combination of at least one organic acid selected from the group consisting of an acid, fumaric acid, succinic acid and malic acid, and a foaming agent comprising a combination of sodium nitrite and ammonium chloride. The fire extinguisher as described in <2> or <3> which is at least 1 type of foaming agent.
The fire extinguisher as described in any one of <1>-<4> which contains at least 1 sort (s) chosen from sucrose and top white sugar as a dispersion | distribution adjuvant of <5> crude guar gum.
The fire extinguisher according to any one of <1> to <5>, which comprises 5 to 75 parts by mass of a water-soluble high molecular weight polysaccharide other than guar gum derived from crude guar gum per 100 parts by mass of <6> crude guar gum Agent.
The fire extinguisher according to <6>, wherein the water-soluble polymer polysaccharide other than guar gum derived from <7> crude guar gum is at least one selected from the group consisting of tamarind seed gum, alginic acid ester, xanthan gum and pullulan.
The fire extinguisher as described in <6> or <7> in which water soluble high molecular polysaccharides other than guar gum derived from <8> crude guar gum are coated with surfactant.
<9> The fire extinguisher as described in any one of <1> to <8>, wherein crude guar gum is coated with a surfactant.
The fire extinguisher as described in any one of <1>-<9> containing at least 1 sort (s) of surfactant selected from the group which consists of <10> anionic surfactant and nonionic surfactant.
The <11> anionic surfactant is at least one member selected from the group consisting of α-olefin sulfonate, alkyl sulfate, polyoxyethylene alkyl ether sulfate and N-acyl taurine salt, and nonionic surfactant The fire extinguisher according to <10>, wherein the agent is at least one selected from the group consisting of polyoxyethylene alkyl ether, sucrose fatty acid ester and glycerin fatty acid ester.
The fire extinguisher according to any one of <1> to <11>, which contains at least one selected from the group consisting of a colorant, an antifreeze, an antioxidant, a corrosion inhibitor, and a fungicide.
The fire extinguisher according to any one of <1> to <12>, which is in the form of granules or tablets.
The fire extinguisher as described in any one of <1>-<13> which does not contain a <14> starch.
A method for preparing extinguishing water, comprising the steps of dispersing and dissolving the extinguishant described in any one of <15><1> to <14> in water.
The fire extinguishing method of the fire including the process of discharging the water for fire extinguishing prepared by the preparation method of the fire extinguishing water as described in <16><15> to a fire site.
<1>クルードグァーガムを含有し、さらに、クルードグァーガムの分散助剤として、単糖類及び少糖類から選ばれる少なくとも1種を含有する消火剤であって、クルードグァーガム100質量部に対し、単糖類及び少糖類を総量で30~400質量部含有する、消火剤。
<2>クルードグァーガムの分散助剤として、さらに、無機ナトリウム塩、無機カリウム塩、アンモニウム塩及び発泡剤からなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1種を含有する、<1>に記載の消火剤。
<3>クルードグァーガム100質量部に対し、無機ナトリウム塩、無機カリウム塩、アンモニウム塩及び発泡剤を総量で50~200質量部含有する、<2>に記載の消火剤。
<4>前記発泡剤が、炭酸水素ナトリウムと、クエン酸、フマル酸、コハク酸及びリンゴ酸からなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1種の有機酸とを組み合わせてなる発泡剤、炭酸水素アンモニウムと、クエン酸、フマル酸、コハク酸及びリンゴ酸からなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1種の有機酸とを組み合わせてなる発泡剤、並びに、亜硝酸ナトリウムと塩化アンモニウムとを組み合わせてなる発泡剤からなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1種の発泡剤である、<2>又は<3>に記載の消火剤。
<5>クルードグァーガムの分散助剤として、スクロース及び上白糖から選ばれる少なくとも1種を含有する、<1>~<4>のいずれか1項に記載の消火剤。
<6>クルードグァーガム100質量部に対し、クルードグァーガムに由来するグァーガム以外の水溶性高分子多糖類を5~75質量部含有する、<1>~<5>のいずれか1項に記載の消火剤。
<7>クルードグァーガムに由来するグァーガム以外の水溶性高分子多糖類が、タマリンドシードガム、アルギン酸エステル、キサンタンガム及びプルランからなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1種である、<6>に記載の消火剤。
<8>クルードグァーガムに由来するグァーガム以外の水溶性高分子多糖類が界面活性剤でコーティングされている、<6>又は<7>に記載の消火剤。
<9>クルードグァーガムが界面活性剤でコーティングされている、<1>~<8>のいずれか1項に記載の消火剤。
<10>アニオン性界面活性剤及びノニオン性界面活性剤からなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1種の界面活性剤を含有する、<1>~<9>のいずれか1項に記載の消火剤。
<11>アニオン性界面活性剤が、α-オレフィンスルホン酸塩、アルキル硫酸塩、ポリオキシエチレンアルキルエーテル硫酸塩及びN-アシルタウリン塩からなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1種であり、ノニオン性界面活性剤が、ポリオキシエチレンアルキルエーテル、ショ糖脂肪酸エステル及びグリセリン脂肪酸エステルからなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1種である、<10>に記載の消火剤。
<12>着色剤、不凍液、酸化防止剤、腐食防止剤及び防カビ剤からなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1種を含有する、<1>~<11>のいずれか1項に記載の消火剤。
<13>顆粒状又はタブレット状である、<1>~<12>のいずれか1項に記載の消火剤。
<14>澱粉を含有しない、<1>~<13>のいずれか1項に記載の消火剤。
<15><1>~<14>のいずれか1項に記載の消火剤を水に分散・溶解する工程を含む、消火用水の調製方法。
<16><15>に記載の消火用水の調製方法により調製した消火用水を火災現場に放水する工程を含む、火災の消火方法。 The object of the present invention is achieved by the following means.
<1> A fire extinguishing agent containing crude guar gum and further containing at least one selected from monosaccharides and oligosaccharides as a dispersion aid for crude guar gum, wherein the monosaccharide and the saccharide are based on 100 parts by mass of crude guar gum A fire extinguishing agent containing 30 to 400 parts by mass in total of oligosaccharides.
The fire extinguisher as described in <1> which contains at least 1 sort (s) chosen from the group which consists of inorganic sodium salt, inorganic potassium salt, ammonium salt, and a foaming agent further as a dispersion aid of <2> crude guar gum.
The fire extinguishing agent according to <2>, wherein the inorganic sodium salt, the inorganic potassium salt, the ammonium salt and the foaming agent are contained in a total amount of 50 to 200 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of <3> crude guar gum.
<4> A foaming agent obtained by combining sodium hydrogencarbonate and at least one organic acid selected from the group consisting of citric acid, fumaric acid, succinic acid and malic acid, ammonium hydrogencarbonate and citric acid It is selected from the group consisting of a foaming agent comprising a combination of at least one organic acid selected from the group consisting of an acid, fumaric acid, succinic acid and malic acid, and a foaming agent comprising a combination of sodium nitrite and ammonium chloride. The fire extinguisher as described in <2> or <3> which is at least 1 type of foaming agent.
The fire extinguisher as described in any one of <1>-<4> which contains at least 1 sort (s) chosen from sucrose and top white sugar as a dispersion | distribution adjuvant of <5> crude guar gum.
The fire extinguisher according to any one of <1> to <5>, which comprises 5 to 75 parts by mass of a water-soluble high molecular weight polysaccharide other than guar gum derived from crude guar gum per 100 parts by mass of <6> crude guar gum Agent.
The fire extinguisher according to <6>, wherein the water-soluble polymer polysaccharide other than guar gum derived from <7> crude guar gum is at least one selected from the group consisting of tamarind seed gum, alginic acid ester, xanthan gum and pullulan.
The fire extinguisher as described in <6> or <7> in which water soluble high molecular polysaccharides other than guar gum derived from <8> crude guar gum are coated with surfactant.
<9> The fire extinguisher as described in any one of <1> to <8>, wherein crude guar gum is coated with a surfactant.
The fire extinguisher as described in any one of <1>-<9> containing at least 1 sort (s) of surfactant selected from the group which consists of <10> anionic surfactant and nonionic surfactant.
The <11> anionic surfactant is at least one member selected from the group consisting of α-olefin sulfonate, alkyl sulfate, polyoxyethylene alkyl ether sulfate and N-acyl taurine salt, and nonionic surfactant The fire extinguisher according to <10>, wherein the agent is at least one selected from the group consisting of polyoxyethylene alkyl ether, sucrose fatty acid ester and glycerin fatty acid ester.
The fire extinguisher according to any one of <1> to <11>, which contains at least one selected from the group consisting of a colorant, an antifreeze, an antioxidant, a corrosion inhibitor, and a fungicide.
The fire extinguisher according to any one of <1> to <12>, which is in the form of granules or tablets.
The fire extinguisher as described in any one of <1>-<13> which does not contain a <14> starch.
A method for preparing extinguishing water, comprising the steps of dispersing and dissolving the extinguishant described in any one of <15><1> to <14> in water.
The fire extinguishing method of the fire including the process of discharging the water for fire extinguishing prepared by the preparation method of the fire extinguishing water as described in <16><15> to a fire site.
本発明の消火剤は、水への分散性に優れる。本発明の消火剤を水に分散させることで、適度な粘性を有する消火用水を調製することができる。この消火用水は、放水した際に過度に拡散しない。つまり、少ない放水量で火災現場により効率的に消火用水を送り届けることができる。また、当該消火用水は、そのシュードプラスチック性により、燃焼物や可燃物に衝突した際には適度に飛び散って拡散し、燃焼物や可燃物に付着した後は流れ落ちにくい。したがって、消火効率がより高い。
The extinguishant of the present invention is excellent in dispersibility in water. By dispersing the extinguishant of the present invention in water, extinguishing water having appropriate viscosity can be prepared. This fire extinguishing water does not diffuse excessively when discharged. That is, the fire extinguishing water can be more efficiently sent to the fire site with a small amount of water discharge. Further, due to its pseudoplastic nature, the fire extinguishing water spatters and diffuses appropriately when it collides with a combustible or combustible, and it hardly flows off after adhering to the combustible or combustible. Therefore, the fire extinguishing efficiency is higher.
本発明の火災の消火方法によれば、より少ない放水量で火災を効率的に消火することができる。したがって、火災現場の限られた量の水資源を用いて効率的に消火活動をすることができると同時に、放水された消火用水による二次被害をより抑えることもできる。
According to the fire extinguishing method of the present invention, the fire can be efficiently extinguished with less water discharge. Therefore, it is possible to efficiently extinguish the fire using the limited amount of water resources at the fire site, and at the same time, it is possible to further suppress the secondary damage caused by the extinguishing water discharged.
本発明の上記及び他の特徴及び利点は、適宜添付の図面を参照して、下記の記載からより明らかになるであろう。
The above and other features and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent from the following description with reference to the accompanying drawings as appropriate.
以下、本発明について、その好ましい実施態様に基づき詳細に説明する。
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail based on its preferred embodiments.
<本発明の消火剤>
本発明の消火剤は、増粘作用を持つクルードグァーガムと、このクルードグァーガムの水への分散を促進する分散助剤とを少なくとも含有する。
本発明の消火剤は、水に分散させて消火用水を調製する目的に使用されるものである。 <Fire extinguishing agent of the present invention>
The fire extinguishing agent of the present invention contains at least a crude guar gum having a thickening action and a dispersion aid which promotes the dispersion of the crude guar gum in water.
The extinguishant of the present invention is used for the purpose of preparing extinguishing water by dispersing it in water.
本発明の消火剤は、増粘作用を持つクルードグァーガムと、このクルードグァーガムの水への分散を促進する分散助剤とを少なくとも含有する。
本発明の消火剤は、水に分散させて消火用水を調製する目的に使用されるものである。 <Fire extinguishing agent of the present invention>
The fire extinguishing agent of the present invention contains at least a crude guar gum having a thickening action and a dispersion aid which promotes the dispersion of the crude guar gum in water.
The extinguishant of the present invention is used for the purpose of preparing extinguishing water by dispersing it in water.
[クルードグァーガム]
本発明の消火剤に用いるクルードグァーガムは、豆科植物であるグァーの胚乳部を粉砕して得られる粉末製剤、又はその部分精製物であり、多糖類以外にもグァー豆由来のたんぱく質、脂質などを含む。本発明において「クルードグァーガム」とは、その乾物中の多糖類の含有量が95質量%未満のグァーガムをいう。
クルードグァーガム乾物の質量は、クルードグァーガムの含水量を測定し、この含水量をクルードグァーガムの質量から差し引いた値である。また、クルードグァーガムの含水量は、カールフィッシャー法水分計(電量滴定又は容量滴定)により測定することができる。当該水分計は、例えば、三菱化学アナリテック社から入手可能である。
また、本明細書において、クルードグァーガム中の多糖類の量は、日本食品標準成分表 分析マニュアルの解説(中央法規出版社)の記載に従い、水分を減圧乾燥法、たんぱく質をケルダール法、脂質をソックスレー抽出法、食物繊維を酵素重量法、灰分を直接灰化法によりそれぞれ測定し、これらの総量をクルードグァーガム全量から差し引いて求められる量である。
本発明に用いるクルードグァーガム乾物中の多糖類の含有量は40質量%以上95質量%未満であることが好ましく、70質量%以上95質量%未満であることがより好ましく、80質量%以上95質量%未満であることがさらに好ましい。このようなクルードグァーガムとしては、例えば、RG1000(商品名、エムアールシーポリサッカライド社製)が挙げられる。 [Crude Guar Gum]
The crude guar gum used for the fire extinguishing agent of the present invention is a powder preparation obtained by crushing the endosperm part of guar, which is a leguminous plant, or a partially purified product thereof. including. In the present invention, "crude guar gum" refers to guar gum whose polysaccharide content in its dry matter is less than 95% by mass.
The mass of crude guar gum dry matter is a value obtained by measuring the water content of crude guar gum and subtracting the water content from the mass of crude guar gum. Also, the water content of crude guar gum can be measured by Karl Fischer moisture meter (coulometric titration or volumetric titration). The moisture meter is available, for example, from Mitsubishi Chemical Analytech.
Furthermore, in the present specification, the amount of polysaccharide in crude guar gum is the drying under reduced pressure, the protein is Kjeldahl, the lipid is Soxhlet according to the description of the analysis manual of the Japanese food standard composition table analysis manual. The extraction method, the dietary fiber is measured by the enzyme weight method, and the ash content is directly measured by the ashing method, and the total amount of these is subtracted from the total amount of crude guar gum.
It is preferable that content of the polysaccharide in the crude guar gum dry product used for this invention is 40 to 95 mass%, It is more preferable that it is 70 to 95 mass%, 80 to 95 mass% More preferably, it is less than 10%. As such crude guar gum, for example, RG 1000 (trade name, manufactured by MRS Polysaccharides Co., Ltd.) can be mentioned.
本発明の消火剤に用いるクルードグァーガムは、豆科植物であるグァーの胚乳部を粉砕して得られる粉末製剤、又はその部分精製物であり、多糖類以外にもグァー豆由来のたんぱく質、脂質などを含む。本発明において「クルードグァーガム」とは、その乾物中の多糖類の含有量が95質量%未満のグァーガムをいう。
クルードグァーガム乾物の質量は、クルードグァーガムの含水量を測定し、この含水量をクルードグァーガムの質量から差し引いた値である。また、クルードグァーガムの含水量は、カールフィッシャー法水分計(電量滴定又は容量滴定)により測定することができる。当該水分計は、例えば、三菱化学アナリテック社から入手可能である。
また、本明細書において、クルードグァーガム中の多糖類の量は、日本食品標準成分表 分析マニュアルの解説(中央法規出版社)の記載に従い、水分を減圧乾燥法、たんぱく質をケルダール法、脂質をソックスレー抽出法、食物繊維を酵素重量法、灰分を直接灰化法によりそれぞれ測定し、これらの総量をクルードグァーガム全量から差し引いて求められる量である。
本発明に用いるクルードグァーガム乾物中の多糖類の含有量は40質量%以上95質量%未満であることが好ましく、70質量%以上95質量%未満であることがより好ましく、80質量%以上95質量%未満であることがさらに好ましい。このようなクルードグァーガムとしては、例えば、RG1000(商品名、エムアールシーポリサッカライド社製)が挙げられる。 [Crude Guar Gum]
The crude guar gum used for the fire extinguishing agent of the present invention is a powder preparation obtained by crushing the endosperm part of guar, which is a leguminous plant, or a partially purified product thereof. including. In the present invention, "crude guar gum" refers to guar gum whose polysaccharide content in its dry matter is less than 95% by mass.
The mass of crude guar gum dry matter is a value obtained by measuring the water content of crude guar gum and subtracting the water content from the mass of crude guar gum. Also, the water content of crude guar gum can be measured by Karl Fischer moisture meter (coulometric titration or volumetric titration). The moisture meter is available, for example, from Mitsubishi Chemical Analytech.
Furthermore, in the present specification, the amount of polysaccharide in crude guar gum is the drying under reduced pressure, the protein is Kjeldahl, the lipid is Soxhlet according to the description of the analysis manual of the Japanese food standard composition table analysis manual. The extraction method, the dietary fiber is measured by the enzyme weight method, and the ash content is directly measured by the ashing method, and the total amount of these is subtracted from the total amount of crude guar gum.
It is preferable that content of the polysaccharide in the crude guar gum dry product used for this invention is 40 to 95 mass%, It is more preferable that it is 70 to 95 mass%, 80 to 95 mass% More preferably, it is less than 10%. As such crude guar gum, for example, RG 1000 (trade name, manufactured by MRS Polysaccharides Co., Ltd.) can be mentioned.
本発明者らは、消火用水にシュードプラスチック性を付与するための高分子化合物の供給源としてクルードグァーガムに着目し、これを消火剤として用いることについて検討を重ねた結果、下記(a)~(d)の利点を見出した。
(a)クルードグァーガムは、精製グァーガム(クルードグァーガムを精製し、多糖類の含有量を95質量%以上に高めた製剤)に比べて、水に添加した際に継粉を形成しにくく、分散性がより高い。すなわち、精製グァーガムは水に添加しても粒子が沈降せず、精製グァーガムの粒子が水面に停滞した状態となって継粉が形成されていくのに対し、クルードグァーガムは、水に添加するとより速やかに沈降し、水中に分散していく。この傾向は後述する分散助剤の存在下でより顕著となる。このように、クルードグァーガムと精製グァーガムは水への分散性において大きな相違がある。
(b)クルードグァーガムの粒子の多くは短い紐状であり、分散助剤等の他の物質と混合した場合に物理的に絡み合う。したがって、クルードグァーガムを含む混合物からなる消火剤を用いて調製される消火用水は、振とうするなどしても層分離しにくく、その成分組成の均質性ないし分散性に優れる。したがって、調製される消火用水の性能、品質のばらつきがより抑えられる。
(c)クルードグァーガムは海水等の高硬度の水に対しても分散性が低下せず、増粘性を付与することができる。したがって、火災現場にしばしば存在する海水等を用いた場合であっても、通常の水を用いた場合と同様の性能の消火用水を調製することができ、実用性に優れる。
(d)精製グァーガムに比べて水溶液にした場合の透明度が低いため、消火用水を着色した場合の着色効果がより高まる。したがって、消火用水が到達した部分を識別するための着色消火用水の調製にも好適である。 The present inventors focused attention on crude guar gum as a supply source of a polymer compound for imparting pseudoplasticity to fire extinguishing water, and repeated studies on using it as a fire extinguishing agent. I found the advantage of d).
(A) Crud guar gum is less likely to form a powder when added to water, as compared to purified guar gum (a preparation in which crude guar gum is refined and the polysaccharide content is increased to 95% by mass or more), and dispersibility Is higher. That is, while the purified guar gum is added to water, the particles do not settle, and the particles of the purified guar gum stagnate on the surface of the water, while the continuous gour gum is formed while the crude guar gum is added to the water It settles quickly and disperses in water. This tendency becomes more pronounced in the presence of the dispersion aid described later. Thus, crude guar gum and purified guar gum have a great difference in their dispersibility in water.
(B) Many of the particles of crude guar gum are short strands and physically entangle when mixed with other substances such as dispersion aids. Therefore, the fire extinguishing water prepared using a fire extinguishing agent comprising a mixture containing crude guar gum is difficult to be separated into layers even if shaken or the like, and the homogeneity or dispersibility of its component composition is excellent. Therefore, the dispersion of the performance and quality of the prepared extinguishing water can be further suppressed.
(C) The crude guar gum does not lose its dispersibility in water of high hardness such as seawater, and can impart thickening property. Therefore, even when using seawater often present at a fire site, it is possible to prepare extinguishing water having the same performance as when using ordinary water, and it is excellent in practicability.
(D) Since the transparency of the aqueous solution is lower than that of purified guar gum, the coloring effect is enhanced when the fire extinguishing water is colored. Therefore, it is suitable also for preparation of the coloring fire extinguishing water for identifying the part which the fire extinguishing water reached.
(a)クルードグァーガムは、精製グァーガム(クルードグァーガムを精製し、多糖類の含有量を95質量%以上に高めた製剤)に比べて、水に添加した際に継粉を形成しにくく、分散性がより高い。すなわち、精製グァーガムは水に添加しても粒子が沈降せず、精製グァーガムの粒子が水面に停滞した状態となって継粉が形成されていくのに対し、クルードグァーガムは、水に添加するとより速やかに沈降し、水中に分散していく。この傾向は後述する分散助剤の存在下でより顕著となる。このように、クルードグァーガムと精製グァーガムは水への分散性において大きな相違がある。
(b)クルードグァーガムの粒子の多くは短い紐状であり、分散助剤等の他の物質と混合した場合に物理的に絡み合う。したがって、クルードグァーガムを含む混合物からなる消火剤を用いて調製される消火用水は、振とうするなどしても層分離しにくく、その成分組成の均質性ないし分散性に優れる。したがって、調製される消火用水の性能、品質のばらつきがより抑えられる。
(c)クルードグァーガムは海水等の高硬度の水に対しても分散性が低下せず、増粘性を付与することができる。したがって、火災現場にしばしば存在する海水等を用いた場合であっても、通常の水を用いた場合と同様の性能の消火用水を調製することができ、実用性に優れる。
(d)精製グァーガムに比べて水溶液にした場合の透明度が低いため、消火用水を着色した場合の着色効果がより高まる。したがって、消火用水が到達した部分を識別するための着色消火用水の調製にも好適である。 The present inventors focused attention on crude guar gum as a supply source of a polymer compound for imparting pseudoplasticity to fire extinguishing water, and repeated studies on using it as a fire extinguishing agent. I found the advantage of d).
(A) Crud guar gum is less likely to form a powder when added to water, as compared to purified guar gum (a preparation in which crude guar gum is refined and the polysaccharide content is increased to 95% by mass or more), and dispersibility Is higher. That is, while the purified guar gum is added to water, the particles do not settle, and the particles of the purified guar gum stagnate on the surface of the water, while the continuous gour gum is formed while the crude guar gum is added to the water It settles quickly and disperses in water. This tendency becomes more pronounced in the presence of the dispersion aid described later. Thus, crude guar gum and purified guar gum have a great difference in their dispersibility in water.
(B) Many of the particles of crude guar gum are short strands and physically entangle when mixed with other substances such as dispersion aids. Therefore, the fire extinguishing water prepared using a fire extinguishing agent comprising a mixture containing crude guar gum is difficult to be separated into layers even if shaken or the like, and the homogeneity or dispersibility of its component composition is excellent. Therefore, the dispersion of the performance and quality of the prepared extinguishing water can be further suppressed.
(C) The crude guar gum does not lose its dispersibility in water of high hardness such as seawater, and can impart thickening property. Therefore, even when using seawater often present at a fire site, it is possible to prepare extinguishing water having the same performance as when using ordinary water, and it is excellent in practicability.
(D) Since the transparency of the aqueous solution is lower than that of purified guar gum, the coloring effect is enhanced when the fire extinguishing water is colored. Therefore, it is suitable also for preparation of the coloring fire extinguishing water for identifying the part which the fire extinguishing water reached.
クルードグァーガムの水に対する良好な分散性をより効果的に発現させるため、本発明の消火剤は以下で説明する分散助剤を含有する。
In order to develop the good dispersibility of crude guar gum in water more effectively, the fire extinguishant of the present invention contains the dispersion aid described below.
[分散助剤]
本発明の消火剤は、クルードグァーガムの分散助剤として、単糖類及び少糖類から選ばれる少なくとも1種を含有する。
上記単糖類としては、グルコース、ガラクトース、マンノース、フルクトース等から選ばれる1種又は2種以上が挙げられる。
上記少糖類としては、ラクトース、スクロース、マルトース等の二糖類、ニゲロトリオース、マルトトリオース、メレジトース、マルトトリウロース、ラフィノース、ケストース等の三糖類、二ストース、ニゲロテトラオース、スタキオース等の四糖類等から選ばれる1種又は2種以上が挙げられる。 [Dispersion aid]
The fire extinguishant of the present invention contains at least one selected from monosaccharides and oligosaccharides as a dispersion aid for crude guar gum.
As said monosaccharide, 1 type (s) or 2 or more types selected from glucose, galactose, mannose, fructose etc. are mentioned.
Examples of the above oligosaccharides include disaccharides such as lactose, sucrose and maltose, trisaccharides such as nigerotriose, maltotriose, melezitose, maletotriulose, raffinose and kestose, and tetrasaccharides such as distose, nigerotetraose andstachyose 1 type or 2 types or more selected from etc. are mentioned.
本発明の消火剤は、クルードグァーガムの分散助剤として、単糖類及び少糖類から選ばれる少なくとも1種を含有する。
上記単糖類としては、グルコース、ガラクトース、マンノース、フルクトース等から選ばれる1種又は2種以上が挙げられる。
上記少糖類としては、ラクトース、スクロース、マルトース等の二糖類、ニゲロトリオース、マルトトリオース、メレジトース、マルトトリウロース、ラフィノース、ケストース等の三糖類、二ストース、ニゲロテトラオース、スタキオース等の四糖類等から選ばれる1種又は2種以上が挙げられる。 [Dispersion aid]
The fire extinguishant of the present invention contains at least one selected from monosaccharides and oligosaccharides as a dispersion aid for crude guar gum.
As said monosaccharide, 1 type (s) or 2 or more types selected from glucose, galactose, mannose, fructose etc. are mentioned.
Examples of the above oligosaccharides include disaccharides such as lactose, sucrose and maltose, trisaccharides such as nigerotriose, maltotriose, melezitose, maletotriulose, raffinose and kestose, and tetrasaccharides such as distose, nigerotetraose and
上記単糖類、少糖類は、クルードグァーガムに吸着し、クルードグァーガム同士の過度な凝集を防止する。また、上記分散助剤は水中に速やかに沈降・分散するため、この分散助剤に吸着したクルードグァーガムもまた当該分散助剤に引きずられて水中へと沈降しやすくなり、クルードグァーガムの水中への分散が促進される。
The above monosaccharides and oligosaccharides are adsorbed to crude guar gum to prevent excessive aggregation between crude guar gums. In addition, since the dispersion aid rapidly settles and disperses in water, the crude guar gum adsorbed to the dispersion aid is also dragged by the dispersion aid and easily settles into water, and the crude guar gum into water Dispersion is promoted.
本発明の消火剤中、単糖類及び少糖類の総量は、クルードグァーガム100質量部に対して30~400質量部であり、50~200質量部であることがより好ましく、70~180質量部であることがさらに好ましい。分散助剤の含有量を上記範囲内とすることで、クルードグァーガムの分散性ないし分散安定性をより高めることができる。
単糖類及び少糖類の含有量が多すぎると、消火用水の調製に用いる消火剤の量をより多くしなければならず、消火剤の使い勝手や経済性が低下する。このことは、後述する無機ナトリウム塩、無機カリウム塩、アンモニウム塩及び発泡剤についても同様である。
なお、本明細書において、「単糖類及び少糖類の総量」との用語は、単糖類及び少糖類の双方が含まれる形態のみならず、単糖類を含まずに少糖類のみが含まれる形態、又は、少糖類を含まず単糖類のみが含まれる形態に対しても用いられる。すなわち、単糖類を含まない形態において「単糖類及び少糖類の総量」とは少糖類の量を意味し、少糖類を含まない形態において「単糖類及び少糖類の総量」とは単糖類の量を意味する。 In the extinguishant of the present invention, the total amount of monosaccharides and oligosaccharides is 30 to 400 parts by mass, more preferably 50 to 200 parts by mass, and 70 to 180 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of crude guar gum. It is further preferred that By setting the content of the dispersion aid in the above range, the dispersibility or dispersion stability of crude guar gum can be further enhanced.
When the content of monosaccharides and oligosaccharides is too high, the amount of the fire extinguishing agent used for preparing the fire extinguishing water must be increased, and the usability and economic efficiency of the fire extinguishing agent decrease. The same applies to inorganic sodium salts, inorganic potassium salts, ammonium salts and foaming agents described later.
In the present specification, the term “total amount of monosaccharides and oligosaccharides” means not only forms containing both monosaccharides and oligosaccharides, but also forms containing only oligosaccharides without monosaccharides, Alternatively, it is also used for forms containing only oligosaccharides and no oligosaccharides. That is, in the form not containing monosaccharides, "the total amount of monosaccharides and oligosaccharides" means the amount of oligosaccharides, and in the form not containing oligosaccharides, the "total amount of monosaccharides and oligosaccharides" is the amount of monosaccharides Means
単糖類及び少糖類の含有量が多すぎると、消火用水の調製に用いる消火剤の量をより多くしなければならず、消火剤の使い勝手や経済性が低下する。このことは、後述する無機ナトリウム塩、無機カリウム塩、アンモニウム塩及び発泡剤についても同様である。
なお、本明細書において、「単糖類及び少糖類の総量」との用語は、単糖類及び少糖類の双方が含まれる形態のみならず、単糖類を含まずに少糖類のみが含まれる形態、又は、少糖類を含まず単糖類のみが含まれる形態に対しても用いられる。すなわち、単糖類を含まない形態において「単糖類及び少糖類の総量」とは少糖類の量を意味し、少糖類を含まない形態において「単糖類及び少糖類の総量」とは単糖類の量を意味する。 In the extinguishant of the present invention, the total amount of monosaccharides and oligosaccharides is 30 to 400 parts by mass, more preferably 50 to 200 parts by mass, and 70 to 180 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of crude guar gum. It is further preferred that By setting the content of the dispersion aid in the above range, the dispersibility or dispersion stability of crude guar gum can be further enhanced.
When the content of monosaccharides and oligosaccharides is too high, the amount of the fire extinguishing agent used for preparing the fire extinguishing water must be increased, and the usability and economic efficiency of the fire extinguishing agent decrease. The same applies to inorganic sodium salts, inorganic potassium salts, ammonium salts and foaming agents described later.
In the present specification, the term “total amount of monosaccharides and oligosaccharides” means not only forms containing both monosaccharides and oligosaccharides, but also forms containing only oligosaccharides without monosaccharides, Alternatively, it is also used for forms containing only oligosaccharides and no oligosaccharides. That is, in the form not containing monosaccharides, "the total amount of monosaccharides and oligosaccharides" means the amount of oligosaccharides, and in the form not containing oligosaccharides, the "total amount of monosaccharides and oligosaccharides" is the amount of monosaccharides Means
本発明の消火剤は、分散助剤として、スクロース及び上白糖から選ばれる少なくとも1種を含有することが好ましく、上白糖を含有することが特に好ましい。
上白糖は、スクロースに転化糖を加えてなる顆粒状の砂糖であり、より具体的には、スクロースを主成分とし、スクロースの結晶表面に、転化糖(グルコースとフルクトースの混合糖)と水分とからなる転化糖液をまぶして製造される顆粒状の砂糖である。分散助剤として用いうる上白糖中の転化糖の割合は好ましくは0.1~5.0質量%であり、より好ましくは0.2~3.0質量%、さらに好ましくは0.5~2.0質量%である。また、分散助剤として用いうる上白糖中の水分の割合は、好ましくは0.1~5.0質量%であり、より好ましくは0.2~2.0質量%、さらに好ましくは0.5~1.5質量%である。上白糖は、転化糖液により結晶表面に湿り気があるため、クルードグァーガムと混合すると、クルードグァーガムを適度に吸着して顆粒状となる。これにより、本発明の消火剤を水に投入した際に、クルードグァーガムがより沈降しやすくなり、水面に浮かんだまま継粉になったり溶け残ってしまうことをより確実に防ぐことができる。
本明細書において、消火剤中の成分として単に「スクロース」というときは、上白糖に含まれるスクロースを包含しない意味に用いる。また、本明細書において「上白糖」は、「単糖類及び少糖類から選ばれる少なくとも1種」に包含される。 The extinguishant of the present invention preferably contains, as a dispersion aid, at least one selected from sucrose and white sucrose, and particularly preferably contains white sucrose.
Super white sugar is a granular sugar obtained by adding invert sugar to sucrose, and more specifically, sucrose is a main component, and invert sugar (a mixed sugar of glucose and fructose) and water are on the crystal surface of sucrose. A granular sugar produced by dusting invert sugar solution. The proportion of invert sugar in top white sugar which can be used as a dispersion aid is preferably 0.1 to 5.0% by mass, more preferably 0.2 to 3.0% by mass, and still more preferably 0.5 to 2 It is .0 mass%. Further, the proportion of water in the white sucrose that can be used as a dispersion aid is preferably 0.1 to 5.0% by mass, more preferably 0.2 to 2.0% by mass, and still more preferably 0.5. It is ̃1.5 mass%. The upper white sugar is moist on the crystal surface by the invert sugar solution, so when mixed with the crude guar gum, the crude guar gum is appropriately adsorbed to become granular. Thereby, when the fire extinguishing agent of the present invention is added to water, crude guar gum can be more easily sedimented, and it can be more reliably prevented that it becomes suspended powder or remains undissolved while floating on the water surface.
In the present specification, when "sucrose" is simply referred to as a component in a fire extinguishing agent, it is used in a meaning that does not include sucrose contained in white sugar. Moreover, in the present specification, "upper white sugar" is included in "at least one selected from monosaccharides and oligosaccharides".
上白糖は、スクロースに転化糖を加えてなる顆粒状の砂糖であり、より具体的には、スクロースを主成分とし、スクロースの結晶表面に、転化糖(グルコースとフルクトースの混合糖)と水分とからなる転化糖液をまぶして製造される顆粒状の砂糖である。分散助剤として用いうる上白糖中の転化糖の割合は好ましくは0.1~5.0質量%であり、より好ましくは0.2~3.0質量%、さらに好ましくは0.5~2.0質量%である。また、分散助剤として用いうる上白糖中の水分の割合は、好ましくは0.1~5.0質量%であり、より好ましくは0.2~2.0質量%、さらに好ましくは0.5~1.5質量%である。上白糖は、転化糖液により結晶表面に湿り気があるため、クルードグァーガムと混合すると、クルードグァーガムを適度に吸着して顆粒状となる。これにより、本発明の消火剤を水に投入した際に、クルードグァーガムがより沈降しやすくなり、水面に浮かんだまま継粉になったり溶け残ってしまうことをより確実に防ぐことができる。
本明細書において、消火剤中の成分として単に「スクロース」というときは、上白糖に含まれるスクロースを包含しない意味に用いる。また、本明細書において「上白糖」は、「単糖類及び少糖類から選ばれる少なくとも1種」に包含される。 The extinguishant of the present invention preferably contains, as a dispersion aid, at least one selected from sucrose and white sucrose, and particularly preferably contains white sucrose.
Super white sugar is a granular sugar obtained by adding invert sugar to sucrose, and more specifically, sucrose is a main component, and invert sugar (a mixed sugar of glucose and fructose) and water are on the crystal surface of sucrose. A granular sugar produced by dusting invert sugar solution. The proportion of invert sugar in top white sugar which can be used as a dispersion aid is preferably 0.1 to 5.0% by mass, more preferably 0.2 to 3.0% by mass, and still more preferably 0.5 to 2 It is .0 mass%. Further, the proportion of water in the white sucrose that can be used as a dispersion aid is preferably 0.1 to 5.0% by mass, more preferably 0.2 to 2.0% by mass, and still more preferably 0.5. It is ̃1.5 mass%. The upper white sugar is moist on the crystal surface by the invert sugar solution, so when mixed with the crude guar gum, the crude guar gum is appropriately adsorbed to become granular. Thereby, when the fire extinguishing agent of the present invention is added to water, crude guar gum can be more easily sedimented, and it can be more reliably prevented that it becomes suspended powder or remains undissolved while floating on the water surface.
In the present specification, when "sucrose" is simply referred to as a component in a fire extinguishing agent, it is used in a meaning that does not include sucrose contained in white sugar. Moreover, in the present specification, "upper white sugar" is included in "at least one selected from monosaccharides and oligosaccharides".
また、本発明の消火剤は、分散助剤として還元糖を含む形態であることも好ましい。火災現場の高温下でアミノ化合物と反応して炭化物を形成し(メイラード反応)、消火作用を補強することができる。ここでメイラード反応とは、非酵素的な反応により還元糖とアミノ化合物が反応してより複雑な分子構造の褐色物質を生成する反応である。高温の加熱で進行しやすく、カラメル化、炭化などを伴うことが多い。
なお、本発明の消火剤において、高分子多糖類は、クルードグァーガムの分散助剤としては機能しにくい。後述の実施例では、単糖類や少糖類に代えて澱粉を添加した場合に、クルードグァーガムの分散性が向上しないことが示されている。本発明の消火剤は、澱粉を含有しないことが好ましい。 Moreover, it is also preferable that the fire extinguisher of this invention is a form which contains reducing sugar as a dispersion adjuvant. Under high temperature at the fire site, it can react with amino compounds to form carbides (Maillard reaction) to reinforce the fire-extinguishing action. Here, the Maillard reaction is a reaction in which a reducing sugar and an amino compound are reacted by a non-enzymatic reaction to form a brown substance having a more complicated molecular structure. It easily progresses by high temperature heating, often accompanied by caramelization, carbonization and the like.
In the fire extinguisher of the present invention, the high molecular weight polysaccharides hardly function as a dispersing aid for crude guar gum. In the following examples, it has been shown that when starch is added instead of monosaccharides and oligosaccharides, the dispersibility of crude guar gum is not improved. The extinguishant of the present invention preferably contains no starch.
なお、本発明の消火剤において、高分子多糖類は、クルードグァーガムの分散助剤としては機能しにくい。後述の実施例では、単糖類や少糖類に代えて澱粉を添加した場合に、クルードグァーガムの分散性が向上しないことが示されている。本発明の消火剤は、澱粉を含有しないことが好ましい。 Moreover, it is also preferable that the fire extinguisher of this invention is a form which contains reducing sugar as a dispersion adjuvant. Under high temperature at the fire site, it can react with amino compounds to form carbides (Maillard reaction) to reinforce the fire-extinguishing action. Here, the Maillard reaction is a reaction in which a reducing sugar and an amino compound are reacted by a non-enzymatic reaction to form a brown substance having a more complicated molecular structure. It easily progresses by high temperature heating, often accompanied by caramelization, carbonization and the like.
In the fire extinguisher of the present invention, the high molecular weight polysaccharides hardly function as a dispersing aid for crude guar gum. In the following examples, it has been shown that when starch is added instead of monosaccharides and oligosaccharides, the dispersibility of crude guar gum is not improved. The extinguishant of the present invention preferably contains no starch.
本発明の消火剤としては、上記単糖類及び少糖類に加え、さらに、クルードグァーガムの分散助剤として、無機ナトリウム塩、無機カリウム塩、アンモニウム塩、及び発泡剤からなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1種を含有する形態も好ましい。
上記無機ナトリウム塩としては、塩化ナトリウム、硫酸ナトリウム、硝酸ナトリウム、リン酸ナトリウム、ピロリン酸ナトリウム、ポリリン酸ナトリウム、メタリン酸ナトリウム等から選ばれる1種又は2種以上が挙げられる。
上記無機カリウム塩としては、塩化カリウム、硫酸カリウム、硝酸カリウム、リン酸カリウム、ピロリン酸カリウム、ポリリン酸カリウム、メタリン酸カリウム等から選ばれる1種又は2種以上が挙げられる。
上記アンモニウム塩としては、塩化アンモニウム、硫酸アンモニウム、リン酸アンモニウム等から選ばれる1種又は2種以上が挙げられる。 The fire extinguishing agent of the present invention is at least one member selected from the group consisting of inorganic sodium salt, inorganic potassium salt, ammonium salt, and a foaming agent as a dispersing aid for crude guar gum in addition to the above monosaccharides and oligosaccharides. The form containing is also preferable.
Examples of the inorganic sodium salt include one or more selected from sodium chloride, sodium sulfate, sodium nitrate, sodium phosphate, sodium pyrophosphate, sodium polyphosphate, sodium metaphosphate and the like.
Examples of the inorganic potassium salt include one or more selected from potassium chloride, potassium sulfate, potassium nitrate, potassium phosphate, potassium pyrophosphate, potassium polyphosphate, potassium metaphosphate and the like.
As said ammonium salt, 1 type (s) or 2 or more types selected from ammonium chloride, ammonium sulfate, ammonium phosphate etc. are mentioned.
上記無機ナトリウム塩としては、塩化ナトリウム、硫酸ナトリウム、硝酸ナトリウム、リン酸ナトリウム、ピロリン酸ナトリウム、ポリリン酸ナトリウム、メタリン酸ナトリウム等から選ばれる1種又は2種以上が挙げられる。
上記無機カリウム塩としては、塩化カリウム、硫酸カリウム、硝酸カリウム、リン酸カリウム、ピロリン酸カリウム、ポリリン酸カリウム、メタリン酸カリウム等から選ばれる1種又は2種以上が挙げられる。
上記アンモニウム塩としては、塩化アンモニウム、硫酸アンモニウム、リン酸アンモニウム等から選ばれる1種又は2種以上が挙げられる。 The fire extinguishing agent of the present invention is at least one member selected from the group consisting of inorganic sodium salt, inorganic potassium salt, ammonium salt, and a foaming agent as a dispersing aid for crude guar gum in addition to the above monosaccharides and oligosaccharides. The form containing is also preferable.
Examples of the inorganic sodium salt include one or more selected from sodium chloride, sodium sulfate, sodium nitrate, sodium phosphate, sodium pyrophosphate, sodium polyphosphate, sodium metaphosphate and the like.
Examples of the inorganic potassium salt include one or more selected from potassium chloride, potassium sulfate, potassium nitrate, potassium phosphate, potassium pyrophosphate, potassium polyphosphate, potassium metaphosphate and the like.
As said ammonium salt, 1 type (s) or 2 or more types selected from ammonium chloride, ammonium sulfate, ammonium phosphate etc. are mentioned.
これらの無機ナトリウム塩、無機カリウム塩及びアンモニウム塩もまた、クルードグァーガムに吸着し、クルードグァーガム同士の過度な凝集を防止する効果がある。また、上記分散助剤は水中に速やかに沈降・分散するため、この分散助剤に吸着したクルードグァーガムもまた当該分散助剤に引きずられて水中へと沈降しやすくなり、クルードグァーガムの水中への分散が促進されることになる。
These inorganic sodium salts, inorganic potassium salts and ammonium salts are also adsorbed to crude guar gum and have an effect of preventing excessive aggregation of crude guar gums. In addition, since the dispersion aid rapidly settles and disperses in water, the crude guar gum adsorbed to the dispersion aid is also dragged by the dispersion aid and easily settles into water, and the crude guar gum into water Dispersion will be promoted.
上記発泡剤は、これを含む消火剤を水に投じた時に、水中で気体を発生するような組成からなる。当該発泡剤の例として、炭酸水素ナトリウムと、クエン酸、フマル酸、コハク酸、リンゴ酸などから選ばれる少なくとも1つの有機酸とを組み合わせてなる発泡剤、炭酸水素アンモニウムと上記有機酸とを組み合わせてなる発泡剤、亜硝酸ナトリウムと塩化アンモニウムと組み合わせてなる発泡剤などが挙げられる。
上記発泡剤は水中で発泡して水を撹拌し、クルードグァーガム等の分散性を向上させる。
本発明において、発泡剤を構成する各成分は、それぞれ独立に消火剤中に存在していてもよい。すなわち、複数成分からなる発泡剤を消火剤に配合するに際し、各成分を別々に配合してなる消火剤も、本発明における発泡剤を含む消火剤に包含される。 The blowing agent has a composition that generates a gas in water when the extinguishant containing it is poured into water. As an example of the foaming agent, a foaming agent comprising sodium hydrogencarbonate and at least one organic acid selected from citric acid, fumaric acid, succinic acid, malic acid etc., a combination of ammonium hydrogencarbonate and the above organic acid And a foaming agent obtained by combining sodium nitrite and ammonium chloride.
The above-mentioned foaming agent is foamed in water to stir the water and improve the dispersibility of crude guar gum and the like.
In the present invention, each component constituting the blowing agent may be independently present in the extinguishant. That is, when the foaming agent comprising a plurality of components is blended into the extinguishant, the extinguishant comprising the components separately blended is also included in the extinguishant comprising the foaming agent in the present invention.
上記発泡剤は水中で発泡して水を撹拌し、クルードグァーガム等の分散性を向上させる。
本発明において、発泡剤を構成する各成分は、それぞれ独立に消火剤中に存在していてもよい。すなわち、複数成分からなる発泡剤を消火剤に配合するに際し、各成分を別々に配合してなる消火剤も、本発明における発泡剤を含む消火剤に包含される。 The blowing agent has a composition that generates a gas in water when the extinguishant containing it is poured into water. As an example of the foaming agent, a foaming agent comprising sodium hydrogencarbonate and at least one organic acid selected from citric acid, fumaric acid, succinic acid, malic acid etc., a combination of ammonium hydrogencarbonate and the above organic acid And a foaming agent obtained by combining sodium nitrite and ammonium chloride.
The above-mentioned foaming agent is foamed in water to stir the water and improve the dispersibility of crude guar gum and the like.
In the present invention, each component constituting the blowing agent may be independently present in the extinguishant. That is, when the foaming agent comprising a plurality of components is blended into the extinguishant, the extinguishant comprising the components separately blended is also included in the extinguishant comprising the foaming agent in the present invention.
本発明の消火剤が、クルードグァーガムの分散助剤として、無機ナトリウム塩、無機カリウム塩、アンモニウム塩、及び発泡剤からなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1種を含有する場合において、これらの含有量に特に制限はないが、分散性をより向上させる観点から、クルードグァーガム100質量部に対し、無機ナトリウム塩、無機カリウム塩、アンモニウム塩、及び発泡剤の総量が50~200質量部であることが好ましい。また、消火剤中の単糖類及び少糖類の総量がクルードグァーガム100質量部に対して30~100質量部程度のときに、無機ナトリウム塩、無機カリウム塩、アンモニウム塩、及び発泡剤を総量で50~200質量部含有させることが好ましい。
なお、本明細書において、「無機ナトリウム塩、無機カリウム塩、アンモニウム塩、及び発泡剤の総量」との用語は、無機ナトリウム塩、無機カリウム塩、アンモニウム塩、及び発泡剤のすべてが含まれる形態の他、無機ナトリウム塩、無機カリウム塩、アンモニウム塩、及び発泡剤の少なくとも1種が含まれる形態に対しても用いる。例えば、無機ナトリウム塩を含み、無機カリウム塩、アンモニウム塩、及び発泡剤を含まない形態において「無機ナトリウム塩、無機カリウム塩、アンモニウム塩、及び発泡剤の総量」とは無機ナトリウム塩の量を意味する。 In the case where the fire extinguishing agent of the present invention contains at least one selected from the group consisting of inorganic sodium salt, inorganic potassium salt, ammonium salt, and a foaming agent as a dispersion aid of crude guar gum, the content thereof is particularly limited Although there is no limitation, it is preferable that the total amount of the inorganic sodium salt, the inorganic potassium salt, the ammonium salt and the foaming agent is 50 to 200 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of crude guar gum from the viewpoint of further improving the dispersibility. In addition, when the total amount of monosaccharides and oligosaccharides in the fire extinguishing agent is about 30 to 100 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of crude guar gum, the total amount of inorganic sodium salt, inorganic potassium salt, ammonium salt and foaming agent is 50. It is preferable to contain up to 200 parts by mass.
In addition, in this specification, the term "the total amount of inorganic sodium salt, inorganic potassium salt, ammonium salt, and foaming agent" is a form including all of inorganic sodium salt, inorganic potassium salt, ammonium salt, and foaming agent. Besides, it is also used for a form including at least one of inorganic sodium salt, inorganic potassium salt, ammonium salt, and a foaming agent. For example, "inorganic sodium salt, inorganic potassium salt, ammonium salt and blowing agent total amount" in the form containing inorganic sodium salt and not containing inorganic potassium salt, ammonium salt and foaming agent means the amount of inorganic sodium salt Do.
なお、本明細書において、「無機ナトリウム塩、無機カリウム塩、アンモニウム塩、及び発泡剤の総量」との用語は、無機ナトリウム塩、無機カリウム塩、アンモニウム塩、及び発泡剤のすべてが含まれる形態の他、無機ナトリウム塩、無機カリウム塩、アンモニウム塩、及び発泡剤の少なくとも1種が含まれる形態に対しても用いる。例えば、無機ナトリウム塩を含み、無機カリウム塩、アンモニウム塩、及び発泡剤を含まない形態において「無機ナトリウム塩、無機カリウム塩、アンモニウム塩、及び発泡剤の総量」とは無機ナトリウム塩の量を意味する。 In the case where the fire extinguishing agent of the present invention contains at least one selected from the group consisting of inorganic sodium salt, inorganic potassium salt, ammonium salt, and a foaming agent as a dispersion aid of crude guar gum, the content thereof is particularly limited Although there is no limitation, it is preferable that the total amount of the inorganic sodium salt, the inorganic potassium salt, the ammonium salt and the foaming agent is 50 to 200 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of crude guar gum from the viewpoint of further improving the dispersibility. In addition, when the total amount of monosaccharides and oligosaccharides in the fire extinguishing agent is about 30 to 100 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of crude guar gum, the total amount of inorganic sodium salt, inorganic potassium salt, ammonium salt and foaming agent is 50. It is preferable to contain up to 200 parts by mass.
In addition, in this specification, the term "the total amount of inorganic sodium salt, inorganic potassium salt, ammonium salt, and foaming agent" is a form including all of inorganic sodium salt, inorganic potassium salt, ammonium salt, and foaming agent. Besides, it is also used for a form including at least one of inorganic sodium salt, inorganic potassium salt, ammonium salt, and a foaming agent. For example, "inorganic sodium salt, inorganic potassium salt, ammonium salt and blowing agent total amount" in the form containing inorganic sodium salt and not containing inorganic potassium salt, ammonium salt and foaming agent means the amount of inorganic sodium salt Do.
[高分子多糖類]
本発明の消火剤は、上記クルードグァーガムに由来するグァーガム以外の、水溶性高分子多糖類を含んでもよい。当該水溶性高分子多糖類に特に制限はないが、タマリンドシードガム、アルギン酸エステル、キサンタンガム及びプルランからなる群から選ばれる1種又は2種以上を好適に用いることができる。なかでもキサンタンガムを用いることが好ましい。当該キサンタンガムとしては、ソアキサンXG-350(商品名、エムアールシーポリサッカライド社製)を好適に用いることができる。本発明において「水溶性高分子多糖類」は、30℃の水に溶解するものであることが好ましく、25℃以下の水に溶解するものであることがさらに好ましい。
本発明の消火剤に水溶性高分子多糖類を含有させることにより、クルードグァーガムの増粘作用を適宜に補強することができ、これにより、調製した消火用水の付着性、当該消火用水の保存安定性や熱安定性を向上させることができる。 [Polymer polysaccharide]
The fire extinguishing agent of the present invention may contain a water-soluble polymer polysaccharide other than guar gum derived from the crude guar gum. The water-soluble polymer polysaccharide is not particularly limited, but one or more selected from the group consisting of tamarind seed gum, alginate, xanthan gum and pullulan can be suitably used. Among them, xanthan gum is preferably used. As the xanthan gum, Soaxane XG-350 (trade name, manufactured by MRC Co., Ltd.) can be suitably used. In the present invention, the "water-soluble polymeric polysaccharide" is preferably soluble in water at 30 ° C, and more preferably soluble in water at 25 ° C or less.
By incorporating the water-soluble polymer polysaccharide in the fire extinguishing agent of the present invention, the thickening action of crude guar gum can be appropriately reinforced, whereby the adhesion of prepared fire extinguishing water, storage stability of the fire extinguishing water concerned It is possible to improve the properties and thermal stability.
本発明の消火剤は、上記クルードグァーガムに由来するグァーガム以外の、水溶性高分子多糖類を含んでもよい。当該水溶性高分子多糖類に特に制限はないが、タマリンドシードガム、アルギン酸エステル、キサンタンガム及びプルランからなる群から選ばれる1種又は2種以上を好適に用いることができる。なかでもキサンタンガムを用いることが好ましい。当該キサンタンガムとしては、ソアキサンXG-350(商品名、エムアールシーポリサッカライド社製)を好適に用いることができる。本発明において「水溶性高分子多糖類」は、30℃の水に溶解するものであることが好ましく、25℃以下の水に溶解するものであることがさらに好ましい。
本発明の消火剤に水溶性高分子多糖類を含有させることにより、クルードグァーガムの増粘作用を適宜に補強することができ、これにより、調製した消火用水の付着性、当該消火用水の保存安定性や熱安定性を向上させることができる。 [Polymer polysaccharide]
The fire extinguishing agent of the present invention may contain a water-soluble polymer polysaccharide other than guar gum derived from the crude guar gum. The water-soluble polymer polysaccharide is not particularly limited, but one or more selected from the group consisting of tamarind seed gum, alginate, xanthan gum and pullulan can be suitably used. Among them, xanthan gum is preferably used. As the xanthan gum, Soaxane XG-350 (trade name, manufactured by MRC Co., Ltd.) can be suitably used. In the present invention, the "water-soluble polymeric polysaccharide" is preferably soluble in water at 30 ° C, and more preferably soluble in water at 25 ° C or less.
By incorporating the water-soluble polymer polysaccharide in the fire extinguishing agent of the present invention, the thickening action of crude guar gum can be appropriately reinforced, whereby the adhesion of prepared fire extinguishing water, storage stability of the fire extinguishing water concerned It is possible to improve the properties and thermal stability.
本発明の消火剤がクルードグァーガムに由来するグァーガム以外の水溶性高分子多糖類を含有する場合において、当該水溶性高分子多糖類の含有量は、クルードグァーガム100質量部に対して5~75質量部であることが好ましく、10~50質量部であることがより好ましく、12~40質量部であることがさらに好ましい。
In the case where the fire extinguishing agent of the present invention contains a water-soluble polymer polysaccharide other than guar gum derived from crude guar gum, the content of the water-soluble polymer polysaccharide is 5 to 75 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of crude guar gum. It is preferably part, more preferably 10 to 50 parts by mass, and still more preferably 12 to 40 parts by mass.
[界面活性剤]
本発明の消火剤は、アニオン性界面活性剤もしくはノニオン性界面活性剤又はこれらの組み合わせを含有することができる。
上記アニオン性界面活性剤としては、例えば、カルボン酸型、硫酸エステル型、スルホン酸型、リン酸エステル型の界面活性剤の1種又は2種以上が挙げられ、その具体例としては、α-オレフィンスルホン酸塩(AOS)、アルキル硫酸塩(AS)、ポリオキシエチレンアルキルエーテル硫酸塩(AES)、N-アシルタウリン塩等が挙げられる。
上記ノニオン性界面活性剤としては、例えば、脂肪酸エステル、エーテル型、エーテル・エステル型、多価アルコール型、多価アルコール・エステル型の界面活性剤の1種又は2種以上が挙げられ、その具体例としては、ポリオキシエチレンアルキルエーテル、ショ糖脂肪酸エステル、グリセリン脂肪酸エステル(モノグリセリド、ジグリセリド)等が挙げられる。 [Surfactant]
The extinguishant of the present invention can contain an anionic surfactant or a nonionic surfactant or a combination thereof.
As said anionic surfactant, 1 type (s) or 2 or more types of surfactant of a carboxylic acid type, a sulfuric acid ester type, a sulfonic acid type, and a phosphoric acid ester type are mentioned, for example, The alpha- Olefin sulfonate (AOS), alkyl sulfate (AS), polyoxyethylene alkyl ether sulfate (AES), N-acyl taurine salt and the like can be mentioned.
Examples of the nonionic surfactant include one or more of fatty acid ester, ether type, ether / ester type, polyhydric alcohol type, polyhydric alcohol / ester type surfactant, and specific examples thereof Examples include polyoxyethylene alkyl ether, sucrose fatty acid ester, glycerin fatty acid ester (monoglyceride, diglyceride) and the like.
本発明の消火剤は、アニオン性界面活性剤もしくはノニオン性界面活性剤又はこれらの組み合わせを含有することができる。
上記アニオン性界面活性剤としては、例えば、カルボン酸型、硫酸エステル型、スルホン酸型、リン酸エステル型の界面活性剤の1種又は2種以上が挙げられ、その具体例としては、α-オレフィンスルホン酸塩(AOS)、アルキル硫酸塩(AS)、ポリオキシエチレンアルキルエーテル硫酸塩(AES)、N-アシルタウリン塩等が挙げられる。
上記ノニオン性界面活性剤としては、例えば、脂肪酸エステル、エーテル型、エーテル・エステル型、多価アルコール型、多価アルコール・エステル型の界面活性剤の1種又は2種以上が挙げられ、その具体例としては、ポリオキシエチレンアルキルエーテル、ショ糖脂肪酸エステル、グリセリン脂肪酸エステル(モノグリセリド、ジグリセリド)等が挙げられる。 [Surfactant]
The extinguishant of the present invention can contain an anionic surfactant or a nonionic surfactant or a combination thereof.
As said anionic surfactant, 1 type (s) or 2 or more types of surfactant of a carboxylic acid type, a sulfuric acid ester type, a sulfonic acid type, and a phosphoric acid ester type are mentioned, for example, The alpha- Olefin sulfonate (AOS), alkyl sulfate (AS), polyoxyethylene alkyl ether sulfate (AES), N-acyl taurine salt and the like can be mentioned.
Examples of the nonionic surfactant include one or more of fatty acid ester, ether type, ether / ester type, polyhydric alcohol type, polyhydric alcohol / ester type surfactant, and specific examples thereof Examples include polyoxyethylene alkyl ether, sucrose fatty acid ester, glycerin fatty acid ester (monoglyceride, diglyceride) and the like.
上記アニオン性界面活性剤は、水中での拡散・溶解性に優れるため、これを消火剤に含有させることで、クルードグァーガムや多糖類の水への分散性を向上させて粘度上昇速度を上げると共に、消火用水に界面活性を付与できる。
また、上記ノニオン性界面活性剤を消火剤に含有させれば、増粘作用・粘度上昇速度を阻害することなく消火用水に界面活性を付与できる。
さらに、上記いずれの界面活性剤も、その添加量に応じて微生物の増殖を抑制することができると同時に、長時間にわたって消火用水のシュードプラスチック性を持続させることにも寄与する。
また、界面活性剤としてアミノ化合物を用いれば、消火用水への界面活性を付与するだけでなく、火災現場の高温下において還元糖とのメイラード反応が進行し、炭化物を形成することができ、消火作用を補強することができる。 The above-mentioned anionic surfactant is excellent in diffusion and solubility in water, so by including it in a fire extinguishing agent, the dispersibility of crude guar gum and polysaccharides in water is improved to increase the viscosity rising speed. And can impart surface activity to fire extinguishing water.
Moreover, if the said nonionic surfactant is contained in a fire extinguisher, surface activity can be provided to the water for fire extinguishing, without inhibiting a thickening effect and viscosity rise speed.
Furthermore, any of the above-described surfactants can suppress the growth of microorganisms depending on the amount added, and also contribute to sustaining the pseudoplasticity of fire extinguishing water for a long time.
In addition, if an amino compound is used as a surfactant, not only the surface activity to fire extinguishing water is imparted, but also the Maillard reaction with reducing sugar proceeds at high temperatures at the fire site, and carbide can be formed. The action can be reinforced.
また、上記ノニオン性界面活性剤を消火剤に含有させれば、増粘作用・粘度上昇速度を阻害することなく消火用水に界面活性を付与できる。
さらに、上記いずれの界面活性剤も、その添加量に応じて微生物の増殖を抑制することができると同時に、長時間にわたって消火用水のシュードプラスチック性を持続させることにも寄与する。
また、界面活性剤としてアミノ化合物を用いれば、消火用水への界面活性を付与するだけでなく、火災現場の高温下において還元糖とのメイラード反応が進行し、炭化物を形成することができ、消火作用を補強することができる。 The above-mentioned anionic surfactant is excellent in diffusion and solubility in water, so by including it in a fire extinguishing agent, the dispersibility of crude guar gum and polysaccharides in water is improved to increase the viscosity rising speed. And can impart surface activity to fire extinguishing water.
Moreover, if the said nonionic surfactant is contained in a fire extinguisher, surface activity can be provided to the water for fire extinguishing, without inhibiting a thickening effect and viscosity rise speed.
Furthermore, any of the above-described surfactants can suppress the growth of microorganisms depending on the amount added, and also contribute to sustaining the pseudoplasticity of fire extinguishing water for a long time.
In addition, if an amino compound is used as a surfactant, not only the surface activity to fire extinguishing water is imparted, but also the Maillard reaction with reducing sugar proceeds at high temperatures at the fire site, and carbide can be formed. The action can be reinforced.
本発明の消火剤が上記界面活性剤を含有する場合において、当該界面活性剤の総含有量は、クルードグァーガム100質量部に対して1~40質量部であることが好ましく、2~30質量部であることがより好ましく、5~20質量部であることがさらに好ましい。
また、本発明の消火剤の組成に含まれる界面活性剤は20.0質量%未満であることが好ましく、10.0質量%未満であることがより好ましく、7.0質量%未満であることがさらに好ましい。界面活性剤の含有量が多すぎると、水への溶解性が悪くなるおそれがあり、消火用水の粘度上昇速度が遅くなる可能性があると同時に、水生生物への毒性も懸念される。 In the case where the extinguishant of the present invention contains the above-mentioned surfactant, the total content of the surfactant is preferably 1 to 40 parts by mass, and 2 to 30 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of crude guar gum. Is more preferably 5 to 20 parts by mass.
In addition, the surfactant contained in the composition of the extinguishant of the present invention is preferably less than 20.0% by mass, more preferably less than 10.0% by mass, and less than 7.0% by mass. Is more preferred. If the content of the surfactant is too large, the solubility in water may be deteriorated, and the viscosity increase rate of the fire extinguishing water may be slow, and at the same time, the toxicity to aquatic organisms is also concerned.
また、本発明の消火剤の組成に含まれる界面活性剤は20.0質量%未満であることが好ましく、10.0質量%未満であることがより好ましく、7.0質量%未満であることがさらに好ましい。界面活性剤の含有量が多すぎると、水への溶解性が悪くなるおそれがあり、消火用水の粘度上昇速度が遅くなる可能性があると同時に、水生生物への毒性も懸念される。 In the case where the extinguishant of the present invention contains the above-mentioned surfactant, the total content of the surfactant is preferably 1 to 40 parts by mass, and 2 to 30 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of crude guar gum. Is more preferably 5 to 20 parts by mass.
In addition, the surfactant contained in the composition of the extinguishant of the present invention is preferably less than 20.0% by mass, more preferably less than 10.0% by mass, and less than 7.0% by mass. Is more preferred. If the content of the surfactant is too large, the solubility in water may be deteriorated, and the viscosity increase rate of the fire extinguishing water may be slow, and at the same time, the toxicity to aquatic organisms is also concerned.
上記消火剤は、上記で説明した成分以外にも、着色剤、不凍液、酸化防止剤、腐食防止剤、防カビ剤等の他の成分を1種又は2種以上含んでいてもよい。本発明の消火剤中、当該他の成分の含有量は、クルードグァーガム100質量部に対して0.01~1.0質量部であることが好ましく、0.1~0.5質量部であることがより好ましい。
The extinguishant may contain one or more other components such as a colorant, an antifreeze solution, an antioxidant, a corrosion inhibitor, and an antifungal agent, in addition to the components described above. The content of the other components in the extinguishant of the present invention is preferably 0.01 to 1.0 parts by mass, and preferably 0.1 to 0.5 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of crude guar gum. Is more preferred.
本発明の消火剤の形態に特に制限はないが、各原料が均質に混合された組成物の形態であることが好ましい。本発明の消火剤は、固形物、流動体、液体のいずれの形態でもよいが、取り扱い性や水中での分散性の観点から、粉末、顆粒状又はタブレット状であることが好ましく、顆粒状又はタブレット状であることがより好ましく、顆粒状であることが特に好ましい。本発明における顆粒とは粉末をやや大きめの粒に成形したものを指す。本発明の消火剤は、上記各原料を所望の比率で混合し、通常の方法で所望の剤型に成形して得ることができる。顆粒状の消火剤は、攪拌造粒法、押出し造粒法、転動造粒法、打錠造粒法、流動層造粒法、噴霧乾燥造粒法、溶融造粒法、真空凍結乾燥法、懸濁凝集造粒法、コーティング造粒法等の通常の方法で調製することができる。また、顆粒状の消火剤の調製に際しては、造粒用の結合剤として上述した界面活性剤を用いることもできる。また、消火剤が上白糖を含有する場合には、原料を単に混合することで自然と顆粒状の消火剤を得ることができる。
本発明の消火剤が顆粒状である場合において、消火剤全体の80質量%以上、より好ましくは90質量%以上、さらに好ましくは95質量%以上、さらに好ましくは97~100質量%が粒径0.1~1.5mm、好ましくは0.2~1.0mmの顆粒であることが好ましい。このような顆粒状の消火剤は、顆粒を所望のふるいにかけることで得ることができる。当該粒径は、一般的な顕微鏡、実体顕微鏡、もしくはマイクロスコープ(例えばキーエンスのVHシリーズ、VHXシリーズ)によって撮影した写真もしくは映像上での計測により測定することができる。 The form of the extinguishant of the present invention is not particularly limited, but it is preferable that each raw material is in the form of a homogeneously mixed composition. The extinguishant of the present invention may be in the form of a solid, fluid or liquid, but is preferably in the form of powder, granules or tablets, from the viewpoint of handling and dispersibility in water. The tablet form is more preferable, and the granular form is particularly preferable. Granules in the present invention refer to those obtained by forming the powder into slightly larger particles. The extinguishant of the present invention can be obtained by mixing the above-mentioned respective raw materials in a desired ratio, and molding the mixture into a desired dosage form by an ordinary method. Granular fire extinguishing agent, stirring granulation method, extrusion granulation method, tumbling granulation method, tablet granulation method, fluid bed granulation method, spray drying granulation method, melt granulation method, vacuum freeze drying method It can be prepared by a usual method such as suspension aggregation granulation method or coating granulation method. Moreover, in preparation of a granular fire extinguisher, surfactant mentioned above as a binder for granulation can also be used. In addition, when the fire extinguishing agent contains super-white sugar, it is possible to naturally obtain a granular fire extinguishing agent by simply mixing the raw materials.
When the extinguishant of the present invention is in the form of granules, 80% by mass or more, more preferably 90% by mass or more, still more preferably 95% by mass or more, still more preferably 97 to 100% by mass of the whole extinguishant Preferably, they are granules of 1 to 1.5 mm, preferably 0.2 to 1.0 mm. Such granular fire extinguishing agents can be obtained by subjecting the granules to a desired screen. The said particle size can be measured by measurement on the photograph or the image | photographed with the common microscope, a stereomicroscope, or a microscope (for example, VH series of Keyence, VHX series).
本発明の消火剤が顆粒状である場合において、消火剤全体の80質量%以上、より好ましくは90質量%以上、さらに好ましくは95質量%以上、さらに好ましくは97~100質量%が粒径0.1~1.5mm、好ましくは0.2~1.0mmの顆粒であることが好ましい。このような顆粒状の消火剤は、顆粒を所望のふるいにかけることで得ることができる。当該粒径は、一般的な顕微鏡、実体顕微鏡、もしくはマイクロスコープ(例えばキーエンスのVHシリーズ、VHXシリーズ)によって撮影した写真もしくは映像上での計測により測定することができる。 The form of the extinguishant of the present invention is not particularly limited, but it is preferable that each raw material is in the form of a homogeneously mixed composition. The extinguishant of the present invention may be in the form of a solid, fluid or liquid, but is preferably in the form of powder, granules or tablets, from the viewpoint of handling and dispersibility in water. The tablet form is more preferable, and the granular form is particularly preferable. Granules in the present invention refer to those obtained by forming the powder into slightly larger particles. The extinguishant of the present invention can be obtained by mixing the above-mentioned respective raw materials in a desired ratio, and molding the mixture into a desired dosage form by an ordinary method. Granular fire extinguishing agent, stirring granulation method, extrusion granulation method, tumbling granulation method, tablet granulation method, fluid bed granulation method, spray drying granulation method, melt granulation method, vacuum freeze drying method It can be prepared by a usual method such as suspension aggregation granulation method or coating granulation method. Moreover, in preparation of a granular fire extinguisher, surfactant mentioned above as a binder for granulation can also be used. In addition, when the fire extinguishing agent contains super-white sugar, it is possible to naturally obtain a granular fire extinguishing agent by simply mixing the raw materials.
When the extinguishant of the present invention is in the form of granules, 80% by mass or more, more preferably 90% by mass or more, still more preferably 95% by mass or more, still more preferably 97 to 100% by mass of the whole extinguishant Preferably, they are granules of 1 to 1.5 mm, preferably 0.2 to 1.0 mm. Such granular fire extinguishing agents can be obtained by subjecting the granules to a desired screen. The said particle size can be measured by measurement on the photograph or the image | photographed with the common microscope, a stereomicroscope, or a microscope (for example, VH series of Keyence, VHX series).
本発明の消火剤は必要に応じてコーティング処理が施されていてもよい。また、コーティング処理が施されたクルードグァーガムを原料として用いることもできる。コーティングに用いる材料は、界面活性剤であることが好ましい。当該界面活性剤の好ましい例は上述した界面活性剤と同一である。コーティング処理は通常の方法で行うことができ、例えば、攪拌造粒法、転動造粒法、流動層造粒法、コーティング造粒法などのプロセス中で行うこともできるし、造粒とは別のコーティング装置やプロセスを用いて行うこともできる。上記コーティングにより、消火剤の分散性をより高めることができる。
The fire extinguisher of the present invention may be subjected to a coating treatment as required. In addition, crude guar gum that has been subjected to a coating treatment can also be used as a raw material. The material used for coating is preferably a surfactant. Preferred examples of the surfactant are the same as the surfactants described above. The coating process can be performed by a conventional method, for example, can be performed in processes such as stirring granulation method, rolling granulation method, fluidized bed granulation method, coating granulation method, etc. It can also be performed using another coating apparatus or process. The coating can further enhance the dispersibility of the extinguishant.
<本発明の消火用水の調製方法>
本発明の消火剤を水中に分散・溶解させることで消火用水を調製することができる。この消火用水を放水することで消火活動が行われる。消火用水の調製に用いる水に特に制限はなく、水道水、河川水、湖水、地下水等の真水であってもよいし、海水であってもよい。消火用水の調製に際しては、調製した消火用水が適度なシュードプラスチック性を示すように、消火用水中のクルードグァーガム(消火剤が高分子多糖類を含む場合にはクルードグァーガムと高分子多糖類の合計)の含有量が0.1~5.0質量%、より好ましくは0.15~3.0質量%、さらに好ましくは0.2~1.0質量%となるように調製することが好ましい。また、消火用水の調製に際しては、消火剤は一度に全量を水に添加してもよいし、数回に分けて水に添加してもよい。本発明の消火剤は、水に添加するだけで良好な分散性を示すため、均質な性状の消火用水を簡便に調製することができる。 <Preparation method of fire extinguishing water of the present invention>
Water for fire extinguishing can be prepared by dispersing and dissolving the fire extinguishing agent of the present invention in water. A fire extinguishing activity is carried out by discharging the extinguishing water. There is no restriction | limiting in particular in the water used for preparation of fire extinguishing water, It may be fresh waters, such as tap water, river water, lake water, underground water, It may be seawater. When preparing fire extinguishing water, crude guar gum in the fire extinguishing water (if the fire extinguishing agent contains a polymeric polysaccharide, the total of crude guar gum and polymeric polysaccharides so that the prepared fire extinguishing water exhibits appropriate pseudoplastic properties) It is preferable to adjust the content of 0.1 to 5.0% by mass, more preferably 0.15 to 3.0% by mass, and still more preferably 0.2 to 1.0% by mass. Moreover, when preparing the fire extinguishing water, the extinguishant may be added to the water all at once, or may be added to the water several times. Since the extinguishant of the present invention exhibits good dispersibility only by adding it to water, it is possible to easily prepare extinguishing water having a homogeneous property.
本発明の消火剤を水中に分散・溶解させることで消火用水を調製することができる。この消火用水を放水することで消火活動が行われる。消火用水の調製に用いる水に特に制限はなく、水道水、河川水、湖水、地下水等の真水であってもよいし、海水であってもよい。消火用水の調製に際しては、調製した消火用水が適度なシュードプラスチック性を示すように、消火用水中のクルードグァーガム(消火剤が高分子多糖類を含む場合にはクルードグァーガムと高分子多糖類の合計)の含有量が0.1~5.0質量%、より好ましくは0.15~3.0質量%、さらに好ましくは0.2~1.0質量%となるように調製することが好ましい。また、消火用水の調製に際しては、消火剤は一度に全量を水に添加してもよいし、数回に分けて水に添加してもよい。本発明の消火剤は、水に添加するだけで良好な分散性を示すため、均質な性状の消火用水を簡便に調製することができる。 <Preparation method of fire extinguishing water of the present invention>
Water for fire extinguishing can be prepared by dispersing and dissolving the fire extinguishing agent of the present invention in water. A fire extinguishing activity is carried out by discharging the extinguishing water. There is no restriction | limiting in particular in the water used for preparation of fire extinguishing water, It may be fresh waters, such as tap water, river water, lake water, underground water, It may be seawater. When preparing fire extinguishing water, crude guar gum in the fire extinguishing water (if the fire extinguishing agent contains a polymeric polysaccharide, the total of crude guar gum and polymeric polysaccharides so that the prepared fire extinguishing water exhibits appropriate pseudoplastic properties) It is preferable to adjust the content of 0.1 to 5.0% by mass, more preferably 0.15 to 3.0% by mass, and still more preferably 0.2 to 1.0% by mass. Moreover, when preparing the fire extinguishing water, the extinguishant may be added to the water all at once, or may be added to the water several times. Since the extinguishant of the present invention exhibits good dispersibility only by adding it to water, it is possible to easily prepare extinguishing water having a homogeneous property.
本発明の消火剤を用いて調製したシュードプラスチック性を示す消火用水は、水や合成界面活性剤系の消火用水に比べて放水後の気流による拡散が少なく、また、吸水性ポリマー系の消火用水に比べれば適度に拡散するため、十分に水を保持した状態で適度に広がって火災現場に着地することができる。特に林野火災等においては、火災による上昇気流やヘリコプターや航空機の飛行により生じる気流による過度の拡散が抑えられ、適度に拡散しながら火災現場に着地することができるので、消火に寄与する消火用水の割合をより高めることができ、少ない放水量で高い消火作用を示す。
The fire-extinguishing water showing pseudo plastic properties prepared using the fire-extinguishing agent of the present invention has less diffusion due to air flow after water discharge than water and synthetic surfactant water extinguishing water, and water absorbing polymer water fire extinguishing water Because it diffuses appropriately, it can spread appropriately and land on the fire site while holding enough water. In forest fires in particular, the updraft due to the fire and the excessive diffusion due to the airflow generated by the flight of the helicopter or aircraft are suppressed, and it is possible to land on the fire site while spreading appropriately, so the fire extinguishing water that contributes to extinguishing The proportion can be further increased, and it exhibits high extinguishing action with less water discharge.
本発明の消火剤を用いて調製したシュードプラスチック性を示す消火用水は、着地の衝撃で飛散して周囲の燃焼物や可燃物にも付着して消火作用を高める。付着後の消火用水はより高い粘性を発現するために流れ落ちにくく、長時間付着した場所に留まるため、持続的な消火作用および延焼防止作用を示す。さらに、消火用水が界面活性剤を含有する場合には、燃焼物や可燃物に対する浸透性が高められるため、高い冷却効果を示すと同時に消火部分の再燃防止効果や未燃焼物の延焼抑止効果も有する。また、消火用水が糖類を含有する場合には、この糖類が高温で炭化することによる延焼防止効果も発揮する。
The fire-extinguishing water exhibiting pseudoplasticity prepared using the fire-extinguishing agent of the present invention is scattered by the impact of the landing and adheres to surrounding combustibles and combustibles to enhance the fire-extinguishing action. Post-adhesion fire-fighting water is less likely to run down to develop higher viscosity, and stays in a place where it adheres for a long time, thus exhibiting a continuous fire-extinguishing action and fire spread prevention action. Furthermore, when the fire extinguishing water contains a surfactant, the permeability to combustibles and combustibles is enhanced, so that a high cooling effect is exhibited and, at the same time, the refire prevention effect of the extinguished part and the fire spread suppressing effect of the unburned matter are also exhibited. Have. Moreover, when the water for fire extinguishing contains saccharides, the fire spread prevention effect by carbonizing this saccharides at high temperature is also exhibited.
<本発明の火災の消火方法>
本発明の火災の消火方法は、上述した本発明の消火用水の調製方法により調製した消火用水を火災現場に放水する工程を含む。 <Fire extinguishing method of the present invention>
The fire extinguishing method of the present invention includes the step of discharging the fire extinguishing water prepared by the above-described method of preparing fire extinguishing water of the present invention to a fire site.
本発明の火災の消火方法は、上述した本発明の消火用水の調製方法により調製した消火用水を火災現場に放水する工程を含む。 <Fire extinguishing method of the present invention>
The fire extinguishing method of the present invention includes the step of discharging the fire extinguishing water prepared by the above-described method of preparing fire extinguishing water of the present invention to a fire site.
本発明の火災の消火方法では、本発明の消火剤を用いて調製したシュードプラスチック性を示す消火用水を火災現場に放水する。該消火用水の放水方法に特に制限はなく、上空からの散布、消防車両からの放水、バケツ等を用いて人力で散布する等の方法を用いることができるが、当該消火用水は、ヘリコプター、飛行艇、飛行機等の航空機を用いて上空から火災現場に散布するのに特に好適である。
In the fire extinguishing method of the present invention, the fire-extinguishing water showing pseudo plastic properties prepared using the extinguishant of the present invention is discharged to the fire site. There are no particular restrictions on the method of discharging the fire extinguishing water, and methods such as spraying from above, water discharging from a fire-fighting vehicle, manual spraying using a bucket, etc. may be used. It is particularly suitable for spraying from the sky to a fire site using an aircraft such as a boat or an airplane.
本発明の火災の消火方法で放水される消火用水は、シュードプラスチック性を示すため、水や界面活性剤系の消火用水のような放水後の気流による過度の拡散を抑えることができ、一方、吸水性ポリマー系の消火用水に比べれば適度に拡散する。したがって、本発明の消火方法によれば、十分に水を保持した消火用水を適度に拡散させた状態で火災現場のターゲット領域に精度を高めて着地、散布させることができる。特に林野火災等においては、火災による上昇気流やヘリコプターや航空機の飛行により生じる気流による過度の拡散が抑えられ、適度に拡散しながら火災現場のターゲットに着地、散布することができるので、消火に寄与する消火用水の割合を従来の消火用水よりも大きく上昇させることができる。換言すれば、少ない水量での効率的な消火作業が可能になる。
Since the fire extinguishing water discharged by the fire extinguishing method of the present invention exhibits pseudo plasticity, it can suppress excessive diffusion due to air flow after water discharge such as water and extinguishing water of surfactant type, It diffuses moderately compared to water extinguishing water of water absorbing polymer type. Therefore, according to the fire extinguishing method of the present invention, it is possible to cause the target area of the fire site to be landed and dispersed with high accuracy while the fire extinguishing water holding the water is properly diffused. In forest fires in particular, it is possible to suppress the excessive air diffusion caused by the updraft due to the fire or the flight of a helicopter or aircraft, and to land and disperse it to the target of the fire site while spreading appropriately, which contributes to extinguishing the fire. The proportion of extinguishing water can be increased more than conventional extinguishing water. In other words, efficient extinguishing work with a small amount of water is possible.
本発明の火災の消火方法では、放水される消火用水がシュードプラスチック性を示すため、着地の衝撃で飛散して周囲の燃焼物や可燃物にも付着して消火作用を高める。付着後の該消火用水はより高い粘性を発現するために流れ落ちにくく、長時間付着した場所に留まるため、持続的な消火作用および延焼防止作用を示す。さらに、消火用水が界面活性剤を含有する場合には、燃焼物や可燃物に対する浸透性が高められるため、高い冷却効果を示すと同時に消火部分の再燃防止効果や未燃焼物の延焼抑止効果も有する。また、消火用水が糖類を含有する場合には、この糖類が高温で炭化することによる延焼防止効果も発揮する。
In the fire extinguishing method of the present invention, since the extinguishing water to be discharged exhibits pseudoplasticity, it is scattered by the impact of the landing and adheres to surrounding combustibles and combustibles to enhance the fire extinguishing action. After adhesion, the fire extinguishing water is difficult to run down to develop higher viscosity, and stays in a place where it adheres for a long time, so it exhibits a continuous fire-extinguishing action and fire spread preventing action. Furthermore, when the fire extinguishing water contains a surfactant, the permeability to combustibles and combustibles is enhanced, so that a high cooling effect is exhibited and, at the same time, the refire prevention effect of the extinguished part and the fire spread suppressing effect of the unburned matter are also exhibited. Have. Moreover, when the water for fire extinguishing contains saccharides, the fire spread prevention effect by carbonizing this saccharides at high temperature is also exhibited.
以下、本発明を実施例に基づきさらに詳細に説明するが、本発明はこれに限定されるものではない。
EXAMPLES The present invention will be described in more detail based on examples given below, but the invention is not meant to be limited by these.
<調製例1> 消火剤の調製
下記表1~5に示す配合組成(単位:質量部)の消火剤(本発明品1~53、比較品1~16)を調製した。 Preparation Example 1 Preparation of Fire Extinguisher A fire extinguishing agent (the product of the present invention 1-53 and comparative product 1-16) having the composition (unit: mass part) shown in the following Tables 1 to 5 was prepared.
下記表1~5に示す配合組成(単位:質量部)の消火剤(本発明品1~53、比較品1~16)を調製した。 Preparation Example 1 Preparation of Fire Extinguisher A fire extinguishing agent (the product of the present invention 1-53 and comparative product 1-16) having the composition (unit: mass part) shown in the following Tables 1 to 5 was prepared.
<調製例2> 消火用水の調製(真水)
25℃±0.5℃の蒸留水(DW)をビーカーに200ml準備し、ここに調製例1の消火剤を、クルードグァーガム及びキサンタンガムの総含有量が0.20~1.25質量%となるように分散・溶解し、消火用水を調製した。分散・溶解は攪拌回転数を1000rpmに設定し、5分間撹拌して行った。 Preparation Example 2 Preparation of fire extinguishing water (fresh water)
Prepare 200 ml of distilled water (DW) at 25 ° C ± 0.5 ° C in a beaker, and the total content of crude guar gum and xanthan gum is 0.20 to 1.25% by weight. It was dispersed and dissolved as described above to prepare extinguishing water. Dispersion and dissolution were carried out by setting the stirring rotational speed to 1000 rpm and stirring for 5 minutes.
25℃±0.5℃の蒸留水(DW)をビーカーに200ml準備し、ここに調製例1の消火剤を、クルードグァーガム及びキサンタンガムの総含有量が0.20~1.25質量%となるように分散・溶解し、消火用水を調製した。分散・溶解は攪拌回転数を1000rpmに設定し、5分間撹拌して行った。 Preparation Example 2 Preparation of fire extinguishing water (fresh water)
Prepare 200 ml of distilled water (DW) at 25 ° C ± 0.5 ° C in a beaker, and the total content of crude guar gum and xanthan gum is 0.20 to 1.25% by weight. It was dispersed and dissolved as described above to prepare extinguishing water. Dispersion and dissolution were carried out by setting the stirring rotational speed to 1000 rpm and stirring for 5 minutes.
<調製例3> 消火用水の調製(海水)
調製例2において、蒸留水に代えて下記組成の人工海水を用いた以外は、調製例2と同様の方法で消火用水を調製した。 Preparation Example 3 Preparation of Water for Fire Fighting (Seawater)
A fire extinguishing water was prepared in the same manner as in Preparation Example 2 except that, in Preparation Example 2, artificial seawater with the following composition was used instead of distilled water.
調製例2において、蒸留水に代えて下記組成の人工海水を用いた以外は、調製例2と同様の方法で消火用水を調製した。 Preparation Example 3 Preparation of Water for Fire Fighting (Seawater)
A fire extinguishing water was prepared in the same manner as in Preparation Example 2 except that, in Preparation Example 2, artificial seawater with the following composition was used instead of distilled water.
-人工海水組成-
・塩化マグネシウム(MgCl2・6H2O) 1.10質量%
・塩化カルシウム(CaCl2・2H2O) 0.16質量%
・塩化ナトリウム(NaCl) 2.50質量%
・硫酸ナトリウム(Na2SO4) 0.40質量%
・水 95.84質量% -Artificial seawater composition-
· Magnesium chloride (MgCl 2 · 6H 2 O) 1.10% by mass
· Calcium chloride (CaCl 2 · 2H 2 O) 0.16% by mass
・ Sodium chloride (NaCl) 2.50 mass%
-Sodium sulfate (Na 2 SO 4 ) 0.40% by mass
・ Water 95.84 mass%
・塩化マグネシウム(MgCl2・6H2O) 1.10質量%
・塩化カルシウム(CaCl2・2H2O) 0.16質量%
・塩化ナトリウム(NaCl) 2.50質量%
・硫酸ナトリウム(Na2SO4) 0.40質量%
・水 95.84質量% -Artificial seawater composition-
· Magnesium chloride (MgCl 2 · 6H 2 O) 1.10% by mass
· Calcium chloride (CaCl 2 · 2H 2 O) 0.16% by mass
・ Sodium chloride (NaCl) 2.50 mass%
-Sodium sulfate (Na 2 SO 4 ) 0.40% by mass
・ Water 95.84 mass%
下表に記載の原料を以下に説明する。
・クルードグァーガムRG1000:クルードグァーガム(エムアールシーポリサッカライド社製)
・グァーガムRG700:精製グァーガム(エムアールシーポリサッカライド社製)
・ソアキサンXG-350:キサンタンガム(エムアールシーポリサッカライド社製)
・上白糖:三井製糖社製
・スクロース:スクロース、和光純薬社製)
・D(+)-グルコース:ブドウ糖(和光純薬社製)
・キミロイドNLSK:アルギン酸エステル(キミカ社製)
・三和コーンアルファーY:澱粉(三和澱粉工業社)
・リポランPB-800:α-オレフィンスルホン酸Na(アニオン性界面活性剤、ライオン社製)
・リョートーシュガーエステルL-1695:ショ糖ラウリン酸エステル(ノニオン性界面活性剤、三菱化学フーズ社製)
・NIKKOLサルコシネートLN:N-アシルアミノ酸Na(アニオン性界面活性剤、日光ケミカルズ社製)
・デハイドロ酢酸S・台糖:デハイドロ酢酸Na(防腐剤、タイショーテクノス社製)
・ソルビン酸K・台糖“顆粒”:ソルビン酸K(防腐剤、タイショーテクノス社製)
・ブリリアントブルーFCF:2-[α-[4-(N-エチル-3-スルホベンジルイミニオ)-2,5-シクロヘキサジエニリデン]-4-(N-エチル-3-スルホベンジルアミノ)ベンジル]ベンゼンスルホナートのジナトリウム塩(青色着色料、保土谷化学社製)
・インジコカルミン:5,5’-インジコチンジスルホン酸のジナトリウム塩(青色着色料、保土谷化学社製)
・HPC-L:ヒドロキシプロピルセルロース(結合剤、日本曹達社製)
・DW:蒸留水
・ASW:人工海水 The raw materials described in the following table are described below.
-Crud guar gum RG 1000: crude guar gum (made by M.R. Sea polysaccharides)
· Guar gum RG700: Purified guar gum (manufactured by MRC polysaccharides)
Soaxane XG-350: xanthan gum (manufactured by M.C.C. polysaccharides)
・ Upper white sugar: Mitsui Co., Ltd. ・ Sucrose: sucrose, Wako Pure Chemical Industries)
D (+)-glucose: glucose (manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.)
・ Kimiloid NLSK: Alginate (manufactured by Kimica)
Sanwa Corn Alpha Y: Starch (Sanwa Starch Co., Ltd.)
Lipolan PB-800: α-olefin sulfonate Na (anionic surfactant, manufactured by Lion Corporation)
Ryoto sugar ester L-1695: sucrose laurate (nonionic surfactant, manufactured by Mitsubishi Chemical Foods Co., Ltd.)
-NIKKOL sarcosinate LN: N-acyl amino acid Na (anionic surfactant, manufactured by Nikko Chemicals)
-Dehydroacetic acid S-Daigo Sugar: Dehydroacetic acid Na (preservative, made by Thaisho Technos)
-Sorbic acid K-Daigo sugar "granule": Sorbic acid K (preservative, made by Taisho Technos Co., Ltd.)
Brilliant blue FC: 2- [α- [4- (N-ethyl-3-sulfobenzyliminio) -2,5-cyclohexadienylidene] -4- (N-ethyl-3-sulfobenzylamino) benzyl ] Disodium salt of benzene sulfonate (blue coloring agent, manufactured by Hodogaya Chemical Co., Ltd.)
-Indigo carmine: disodium salt of 5,5'-indicotin disulfonic acid (blue coloring agent, manufactured by Hodogaya Chemical Co., Ltd.)
HPC-L: hydroxypropyl cellulose (binder, manufactured by Nippon Soda Co., Ltd.)
・ DW: Distilled water ・ ASW: Artificial sea water
・クルードグァーガムRG1000:クルードグァーガム(エムアールシーポリサッカライド社製)
・グァーガムRG700:精製グァーガム(エムアールシーポリサッカライド社製)
・ソアキサンXG-350:キサンタンガム(エムアールシーポリサッカライド社製)
・上白糖:三井製糖社製
・スクロース:スクロース、和光純薬社製)
・D(+)-グルコース:ブドウ糖(和光純薬社製)
・キミロイドNLSK:アルギン酸エステル(キミカ社製)
・三和コーンアルファーY:澱粉(三和澱粉工業社)
・リポランPB-800:α-オレフィンスルホン酸Na(アニオン性界面活性剤、ライオン社製)
・リョートーシュガーエステルL-1695:ショ糖ラウリン酸エステル(ノニオン性界面活性剤、三菱化学フーズ社製)
・NIKKOLサルコシネートLN:N-アシルアミノ酸Na(アニオン性界面活性剤、日光ケミカルズ社製)
・デハイドロ酢酸S・台糖:デハイドロ酢酸Na(防腐剤、タイショーテクノス社製)
・ソルビン酸K・台糖“顆粒”:ソルビン酸K(防腐剤、タイショーテクノス社製)
・ブリリアントブルーFCF:2-[α-[4-(N-エチル-3-スルホベンジルイミニオ)-2,5-シクロヘキサジエニリデン]-4-(N-エチル-3-スルホベンジルアミノ)ベンジル]ベンゼンスルホナートのジナトリウム塩(青色着色料、保土谷化学社製)
・インジコカルミン:5,5’-インジコチンジスルホン酸のジナトリウム塩(青色着色料、保土谷化学社製)
・HPC-L:ヒドロキシプロピルセルロース(結合剤、日本曹達社製)
・DW:蒸留水
・ASW:人工海水 The raw materials described in the following table are described below.
-Crud guar gum RG 1000: crude guar gum (made by M.R. Sea polysaccharides)
· Guar gum RG700: Purified guar gum (manufactured by MRC polysaccharides)
Soaxane XG-350: xanthan gum (manufactured by M.C.C. polysaccharides)
・ Upper white sugar: Mitsui Co., Ltd. ・ Sucrose: sucrose, Wako Pure Chemical Industries)
D (+)-glucose: glucose (manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.)
・ Kimiloid NLSK: Alginate (manufactured by Kimica)
Sanwa Corn Alpha Y: Starch (Sanwa Starch Co., Ltd.)
Lipolan PB-800: α-olefin sulfonate Na (anionic surfactant, manufactured by Lion Corporation)
Ryoto sugar ester L-1695: sucrose laurate (nonionic surfactant, manufactured by Mitsubishi Chemical Foods Co., Ltd.)
-NIKKOL sarcosinate LN: N-acyl amino acid Na (anionic surfactant, manufactured by Nikko Chemicals)
-Dehydroacetic acid S-Daigo Sugar: Dehydroacetic acid Na (preservative, made by Thaisho Technos)
-Sorbic acid K-Daigo sugar "granule": Sorbic acid K (preservative, made by Taisho Technos Co., Ltd.)
Brilliant blue FC: 2- [α- [4- (N-ethyl-3-sulfobenzyliminio) -2,5-cyclohexadienylidene] -4- (N-ethyl-3-sulfobenzylamino) benzyl ] Disodium salt of benzene sulfonate (blue coloring agent, manufactured by Hodogaya Chemical Co., Ltd.)
-Indigo carmine: disodium salt of 5,5'-indicotin disulfonic acid (blue coloring agent, manufactured by Hodogaya Chemical Co., Ltd.)
HPC-L: hydroxypropyl cellulose (binder, manufactured by Nippon Soda Co., Ltd.)
・ DW: Distilled water ・ ASW: Artificial sea water
上記表1及び2に記載の消火剤(本発明品1~26、比較品1~14)は、原料を単に混合して得たものである。上白糖を所定量含有する本発明品3~5、本発明品15~26、比較品5及び7は、顆粒状の消火剤となり、その他の消火剤は粉末状であった。
The extinguishant (present invention products 1 to 26, comparative products 1 to 14) described in Tables 1 and 2 above are obtained by simply mixing the raw materials. Invention Products 3 to 5 and Invention Products 15 to 26 and Comparative Products 5 and 7 containing a predetermined amount of superwhite sugar became granular fire extinguishing agents, and the other fire extinguishing agents were powdery.
上記表3に記載の消火剤(本発明品27~38)は、撹拌造粒法により所望の粒径に造粒して得た顆粒状の消火剤である。表3に記載の各消火剤は、その98質量%以上が表3に記載の粒径の範囲内にあり、残りは顆粒が細かく砕けた破片ないし粉末であった。
The extinguishant (present invention products 27 to 38) described in Table 3 above is a granular extinguishant obtained by granulating to a desired particle diameter by a stirring granulation method. 98% by mass or more of each extinguishant described in Table 3 was in the range of the particle size described in Table 3, and the rest were broken pieces or powder of finely divided granules.
上記表4に記載の消火剤は、クルードグァーガム、ソアキサンXG350を、予めグリセリン脂肪酸エステル(商品名:MCA-150、阪本薬品工業社製)又はアニオン性界面活性剤(リポランPB-800)でコーティングし、これを用いて各原料を単に混合して得た消火剤である。
The fire extinguishing agent described in the above Table 4 is obtained by coating crude guar gum, Soaxan XG 350 in advance with glycerin fatty acid ester (trade name: MCA-150, manufactured by Sakamoto Yakuhin Kogyo Co., Ltd.) or anionic surfactant (Lipolan PB-800). It is an extinguishing agent obtained by simply mixing each raw material using this.
上記表5に記載の消火剤は、各原料を単に混合して得た消火剤である。また、本発明品45~50は同一組成の消火剤であるが、これを用いた消火用水の調製方法、試験方法が異なるため、カラムを分けて記載した。すなわち、本発明品46の消火剤は、水温10℃のDW、本発明品47の消火剤は水温38℃のDWに分散して、その他は調製例2と同様に消火用水を調製した。また、本発明品48の消火剤はpH3.31の酸性水、本発明品49の消火剤はpH9.75のアルカリ性水に分散して、その他は調製例2と同様に消火用水を調製した。
The extinguishant described in the above Table 5 is a extinguishant obtained by simply mixing the respective raw materials. Although the inventive products 45 to 50 have the same composition as the fire extinguishing agent, the method for preparing the fire extinguishing water using this and the test method are different, so the columns are separately described. That is, the fire extinguishing agent of the invention 46 was dispersed in a water temperature of 10.degree. C., the fire extinguishing agent of the invention 47 was dispersed in a water temperature of 38.degree. Further, the fire extinguishing agent of the invention 48 was dispersed in acidic water of pH 3.31, the fire extinguishing agent of the invention 49 was dispersed in alkaline water of pH 9.75, and other, fire extinguishing water was prepared in the same manner as in Preparation Example 2.
本発明品1~53の消火剤を用いて、調製例2及び3に記載の方法で調製した消火用水は、各表中に示される粘性を有しているだけでなく、シュードプラスチック性も有するものであった。
The fire extinguishing water prepared by the method described in Preparation Examples 2 and 3 using the fire extinguishing agent according to the present inventions 1-53 not only has the viscosity shown in each table but also has pseudoplasticity. It was a thing.
<試験例1> 分散性の評価
上記調製例1で調製した各消火剤を水に投入した際の分散性について評価した。具体的には、各消火剤を25℃±0.5℃の蒸留水200mlが入ったビーカーに投入し、攪拌回転数を400rpmに設定して30秒間分散・溶解させ、その分散性を目視観察し、下記評価基準に基づき評価した。実用化の目安は評価B以上である。結果を上記表1~5に示す。 <Test Example 1> Evaluation of dispersibility The dispersibility when each extinguishant prepared in the above Preparation Example 1 was introduced into water was evaluated. Specifically, each fire extinguishing agent is put into a beaker containing 200 ml of distilled water at 25 ° C. ± 0.5 ° C., and the number of revolutions of stirring is set to 400 rpm to disperse and dissolve for 30 seconds, and the dispersibility is visually observed And evaluated based on the following evaluation criteria. The standard of practical application is evaluation B or more. The results are shown in Tables 1 to 5 above.
上記調製例1で調製した各消火剤を水に投入した際の分散性について評価した。具体的には、各消火剤を25℃±0.5℃の蒸留水200mlが入ったビーカーに投入し、攪拌回転数を400rpmに設定して30秒間分散・溶解させ、その分散性を目視観察し、下記評価基準に基づき評価した。実用化の目安は評価B以上である。結果を上記表1~5に示す。 <Test Example 1> Evaluation of dispersibility The dispersibility when each extinguishant prepared in the above Preparation Example 1 was introduced into water was evaluated. Specifically, each fire extinguishing agent is put into a beaker containing 200 ml of distilled water at 25 ° C. ± 0.5 ° C., and the number of revolutions of stirring is set to 400 rpm to disperse and dissolve for 30 seconds, and the dispersibility is visually observed And evaluated based on the following evaluation criteria. The standard of practical application is evaluation B or more. The results are shown in Tables 1 to 5 above.
-分散性の評価基準-
A:継粉を生成しない。
B:小さな継粉を生成する。
C:大きめの継粉を生成する。
D:より大きい継粉の生成や水面での凝集が見られる。 -Evaluation criteria of dispersibility-
A: Does not produce a pass powder.
B: Produce a small paste.
C: Produces a large sized flour.
D: The formation of larger flour and the aggregation on the water surface are observed.
A:継粉を生成しない。
B:小さな継粉を生成する。
C:大きめの継粉を生成する。
D:より大きい継粉の生成や水面での凝集が見られる。 -Evaluation criteria of dispersibility-
A: Does not produce a pass powder.
B: Produce a small paste.
C: Produces a large sized flour.
D: The formation of larger flour and the aggregation on the water surface are observed.
<試験例2> 分散安定性の評価
上記調製例2及び3で調製した各消火用水を25℃±0.5℃で静置して二週間にわたり様子を目視観察し、下記評価基準により分散安定性を評価した。実用化の目安は評価B以上である。結果を上記表1~5に示す。なお、相分離が起こると、その多くの場合、静置している消火用水の下側が白濁して粘性が高まり、逆に上側は粘性が低下して透明な液体となる。 <Test Example 2> Evaluation of dispersion stability Each fire extinguishing water prepared in the above Preparation Examples 2 and 3 was allowed to stand still at 25 ° C ± 0.5 ° C and visually observed over two weeks, and the dispersion was stabilized according to the following evaluation criteria The sex was evaluated. The standard of practical application is evaluation B or more. The results are shown in Tables 1 to 5 above. In addition, when phase separation occurs, in many cases, the lower side of the extinguishing water standing still becomes cloudy and viscosity increases, and conversely, the upper side decreases viscosity and becomes a transparent liquid.
上記調製例2及び3で調製した各消火用水を25℃±0.5℃で静置して二週間にわたり様子を目視観察し、下記評価基準により分散安定性を評価した。実用化の目安は評価B以上である。結果を上記表1~5に示す。なお、相分離が起こると、その多くの場合、静置している消火用水の下側が白濁して粘性が高まり、逆に上側は粘性が低下して透明な液体となる。 <Test Example 2> Evaluation of dispersion stability Each fire extinguishing water prepared in the above Preparation Examples 2 and 3 was allowed to stand still at 25 ° C ± 0.5 ° C and visually observed over two weeks, and the dispersion was stabilized according to the following evaluation criteria The sex was evaluated. The standard of practical application is evaluation B or more. The results are shown in Tables 1 to 5 above. In addition, when phase separation occurs, in many cases, the lower side of the extinguishing water standing still becomes cloudy and viscosity increases, and conversely, the upper side decreases viscosity and becomes a transparent liquid.
-分散安定性の評価基準-
A:二週間にわたり分散状態に相分離が認められない。
B:24時間にわたり分散状態に相分離が認められない。
C:消火用水調整直後に速やかに相分離する。 -Evaluation criteria of dispersion stability-
A: There is no phase separation in the dispersed state for two weeks.
B: No phase separation in the dispersed state over 24 hours.
C: Phase separation immediately after adjustment of fire extinguishing water.
A:二週間にわたり分散状態に相分離が認められない。
B:24時間にわたり分散状態に相分離が認められない。
C:消火用水調整直後に速やかに相分離する。 -Evaluation criteria of dispersion stability-
A: There is no phase separation in the dispersed state for two weeks.
B: No phase separation in the dispersed state over 24 hours.
C: Phase separation immediately after adjustment of fire extinguishing water.
<試験例3> 粘度の評価
上記調製例2及び3と同様の方法で消火用水を調製し、25℃±0.5℃で10分間、24時間静置した後の消火用水の粘度(単位:mPa・s)を、B型粘度計を用いてローターNo.3または2、回転数60rpmで測定した。結果を上記表1~5に示す。10分間静置した後の粘度が150mPa・s以上で、かつ平衡粘度(24時間静置した後の粘度)が200mPa・s以上となれば、実用性に優れると判断できる。 <Test Example 3> Evaluation of Viscosity Viscosity of fire extinguishing water after preparation for fire extinguishing water by the same method as the above Preparation Examples 2 and 3 and standing for 10 minutes at 25 ° C. ± 0.5 ° C. for 24 hours (unit: The viscosity of the rotor no. It measured at 3 or 2 and 60 rpm. The results are shown in Tables 1 to 5 above. If the viscosity after standing for 10 minutes is 150 mPa · s or more and the equilibrium viscosity (viscosity after standing for 24 hours) is 200 mPa · s or more, it can be judged that the practicability is excellent.
上記調製例2及び3と同様の方法で消火用水を調製し、25℃±0.5℃で10分間、24時間静置した後の消火用水の粘度(単位:mPa・s)を、B型粘度計を用いてローターNo.3または2、回転数60rpmで測定した。結果を上記表1~5に示す。10分間静置した後の粘度が150mPa・s以上で、かつ平衡粘度(24時間静置した後の粘度)が200mPa・s以上となれば、実用性に優れると判断できる。 <Test Example 3> Evaluation of Viscosity Viscosity of fire extinguishing water after preparation for fire extinguishing water by the same method as the above Preparation Examples 2 and 3 and standing for 10 minutes at 25 ° C. ± 0.5 ° C. for 24 hours (unit: The viscosity of the rotor no. It measured at 3 or 2 and 60 rpm. The results are shown in Tables 1 to 5 above. If the viscosity after standing for 10 minutes is 150 mPa · s or more and the equilibrium viscosity (viscosity after standing for 24 hours) is 200 mPa · s or more, it can be judged that the practicability is excellent.
表1~5に示されるように、本発明の消火剤を用いると、400rpm、30秒間という非常に短い間に、継粉を生じることなく均質分散系の消火用水が得られることがわかった。また、当該消火用水は、粘度評価においても10分後に150mPa・sをほぼクリアしていた。
消火用水が適度な粘度を有すれば、空中散布の際に、適度に拡散しながらも少ない消失量で火災現場に消火用水を送り込むことができる。粘度が低く水との粘度差が小さい場合は、水同様に広い範囲に飛散しやすく効果的な消火能力を得られず、粘度が高すぎると消火用水の投下域が集中しすぎて消火できる面積が限られてしまう。一般的にはおよそ150mPa・s以上の粘度があれば、水よりも効率的な消火ができるとされる。また、実用上は2000mPa・s程度までの粘度なら、効果的な消火が可能である。 As shown in Tables 1 to 5, it was found that using the fire extinguishing agent of the present invention, it is possible to obtain a homogeneously dispersed fire extinguishing water without forming a repellant powder within a very short time of 400 rpm for 30 seconds. Moreover, the said fire extinguishing water substantially cleared 150 mPa * s after 10 minutes also in viscosity evaluation.
If the fire extinguishing water has an appropriate viscosity, it can be distributed to the fire site with a small amount of loss while spreading properly while being air-dispersed. If the viscosity is low and the difference in viscosity with water is small, it is likely to be scattered over a wide range like water, and an effective fire extinguishing ability can not be obtained. Is limited. Generally, if the viscosity is about 150 mPa · s or more, it is considered that the fire extinguishing can be performed more efficiently than water. In addition, in practical use, if the viscosity is up to about 2000 mPa · s, effective extinguishing is possible.
消火用水が適度な粘度を有すれば、空中散布の際に、適度に拡散しながらも少ない消失量で火災現場に消火用水を送り込むことができる。粘度が低く水との粘度差が小さい場合は、水同様に広い範囲に飛散しやすく効果的な消火能力を得られず、粘度が高すぎると消火用水の投下域が集中しすぎて消火できる面積が限られてしまう。一般的にはおよそ150mPa・s以上の粘度があれば、水よりも効率的な消火ができるとされる。また、実用上は2000mPa・s程度までの粘度なら、効果的な消火が可能である。 As shown in Tables 1 to 5, it was found that using the fire extinguishing agent of the present invention, it is possible to obtain a homogeneously dispersed fire extinguishing water without forming a repellant powder within a very short time of 400 rpm for 30 seconds. Moreover, the said fire extinguishing water substantially cleared 150 mPa * s after 10 minutes also in viscosity evaluation.
If the fire extinguishing water has an appropriate viscosity, it can be distributed to the fire site with a small amount of loss while spreading properly while being air-dispersed. If the viscosity is low and the difference in viscosity with water is small, it is likely to be scattered over a wide range like water, and an effective fire extinguishing ability can not be obtained. Is limited. Generally, if the viscosity is about 150 mPa · s or more, it is considered that the fire extinguishing can be performed more efficiently than water. In addition, in practical use, if the viscosity is up to about 2000 mPa · s, effective extinguishing is possible.
<試験例4> 延焼防止性能の評価(消火用水付着量と燃焼速度)
断面形状5mm×5mm、長さ約250mmの木片(白樺材)を3本準備し、3本の木片が図1aに示すような位置関係になるように端部を治具で固定し、図1bに示すように45度の角度をつけて設置した。 <Test Example 4> Evaluation of fire spread prevention performance (adhesion amount of water for fire extinguishing and burning speed)
Prepare 3 pieces of wood (white birch wood) with a cross-sectional shape of 5 mm × 5 mm and a length of about 250 mm, and fix the ends with a jig so that the 3 pieces of wood have a positional relationship as shown in FIG. As shown in, it was installed with an angle of 45 degrees.
断面形状5mm×5mm、長さ約250mmの木片(白樺材)を3本準備し、3本の木片が図1aに示すような位置関係になるように端部を治具で固定し、図1bに示すように45度の角度をつけて設置した。 <Test Example 4> Evaluation of fire spread prevention performance (adhesion amount of water for fire extinguishing and burning speed)
Prepare 3 pieces of wood (white birch wood) with a cross-sectional shape of 5 mm × 5 mm and a length of about 250 mm, and fix the ends with a jig so that the 3 pieces of wood have a positional relationship as shown in FIG. As shown in, it was installed with an angle of 45 degrees.
[消火用水付着量]
消火用水の付着量は、端部を治具で固定した上記の3本の木片を、治具とは反対側の先端から垂直に150mmの高さまで消火用水に2秒間浸して引き上げ、浸す前の重量と引き上げてから5分後の重量との差(g)から木片1本当たりの消火用水付着量を算出し、後述する燃焼速度の検討結果に鑑み、下記評価基準により評価した。結果を上記表1~5に示す。
-消火用水付着量の評価基準-
A:木片1本当たりの消火用水付着量が0.40g以上である。
B:木片1本当たりの消火用水付着量が0.30g以上0.40g未満である。
C:木片1本当たりの消火用水付着量が0.30g未満である。 [Adhesive water adhesion amount]
The amount of adhesion of fire extinguishing water is by immersing the above 3 pieces of wood whose ends are fixed with a jig vertically to the height of 150 mm from the end opposite to the jig for 2 seconds in the fire extinguishing water for 2 seconds, The amount of adhesion of fire extinguishing water per wood piece was calculated from the difference between the weight and the weight after 5 minutes (g), and in view of the results of examination of the burning rate described later, evaluation was made according to the following evaluation criteria. The results are shown in Tables 1 to 5 above.
-Evaluation criteria for adhesion of fire fighting water-
A: The adhesion amount of fire extinguishing water per wood piece is 0.40 g or more.
B: The adhesion amount of fire extinguishing water per wood piece is 0.30 g or more and less than 0.40 g.
C: The adhesion amount of fire extinguishing water per wood piece is less than 0.30 g.
消火用水の付着量は、端部を治具で固定した上記の3本の木片を、治具とは反対側の先端から垂直に150mmの高さまで消火用水に2秒間浸して引き上げ、浸す前の重量と引き上げてから5分後の重量との差(g)から木片1本当たりの消火用水付着量を算出し、後述する燃焼速度の検討結果に鑑み、下記評価基準により評価した。結果を上記表1~5に示す。
-消火用水付着量の評価基準-
A:木片1本当たりの消火用水付着量が0.40g以上である。
B:木片1本当たりの消火用水付着量が0.30g以上0.40g未満である。
C:木片1本当たりの消火用水付着量が0.30g未満である。 [Adhesive water adhesion amount]
The amount of adhesion of fire extinguishing water is by immersing the above 3 pieces of wood whose ends are fixed with a jig vertically to the height of 150 mm from the end opposite to the jig for 2 seconds in the fire extinguishing water for 2 seconds, The amount of adhesion of fire extinguishing water per wood piece was calculated from the difference between the weight and the weight after 5 minutes (g), and in view of the results of examination of the burning rate described later, evaluation was made according to the following evaluation criteria. The results are shown in Tables 1 to 5 above.
-Evaluation criteria for adhesion of fire fighting water-
A: The adhesion amount of fire extinguishing water per wood piece is 0.40 g or more.
B: The adhesion amount of fire extinguishing water per wood piece is 0.30 g or more and less than 0.40 g.
C: The adhesion amount of fire extinguishing water per wood piece is less than 0.30 g.
-燃焼速度-
上記で重量を測定した木片を、図1bの状態に設置し、ガスバーナーを用いて下端に30秒間着火し、下端から40mm~140mmまでが燃焼するのに要する時間を測定した。途中で消火した場合は消火するまでの時間を測定した。得られた値から、燃焼速度(cm/秒)を算出した。 -Burning velocity-
A piece of wood whose weight was measured above was placed in the state shown in FIG. 1b, and the lower end was ignited at the lower end for 30 seconds using a gas burner, and the time required to burn 40 mm to 140 mm from the lower end was measured. When the fire was extinguished on the way, the time to extinguish was measured. The burning rate (cm / sec) was calculated from the obtained values.
上記で重量を測定した木片を、図1bの状態に設置し、ガスバーナーを用いて下端に30秒間着火し、下端から40mm~140mmまでが燃焼するのに要する時間を測定した。途中で消火した場合は消火するまでの時間を測定した。得られた値から、燃焼速度(cm/秒)を算出した。 -Burning velocity-
A piece of wood whose weight was measured above was placed in the state shown in FIG. 1b, and the lower end was ignited at the lower end for 30 seconds using a gas burner, and the time required to burn 40 mm to 140 mm from the lower end was measured. When the fire was extinguished on the way, the time to extinguish was measured. The burning rate (cm / sec) was calculated from the obtained values.
延焼防止性能(消火用水付着量と燃焼速度)の結果の一例を図2に示す。横軸は木片一本、150mmあたりへの消火用水付着量、縦軸は燃焼速度である。乾燥木片、水を付着させた木片も含めて試験を重ねた結果、図2に示されるように、消火用水の付着量と燃焼速度は高い相関関係が得られることが確認された。点線で示している燃焼速度約0.06cm/secを境として、これ以上の燃焼速度の場合、試験片は140mmまで全て燃え、これ以下の燃焼速度の場合、途中で消火する結果が得られている。図2において近似曲線からこの境界となる付着量を算出すると約0.39g(木片一本あたり、150mmあたり)であった。
An example of the result of the fire spread prevention performance (adhesion amount of water for fire extinguishing and burning speed) is shown in FIG. The horizontal axis represents the amount of attached fire-fighting water per 150 mm of wood, and the vertical axis represents the burning rate. As a result of repeating tests including dried wood pieces and wood pieces to which water was attached, as shown in FIG. 2, it was confirmed that the adhesion amount of fire extinguishing water and the burning rate were highly correlated. When the burning rate is about 0.06 cm / sec or more, the test piece burns up to 140 mm at a burning rate of about 0.06 cm / sec. There is. The adhesion amount at this boundary was calculated from the approximate curve in FIG. 2 and was about 0.39 g (per 150 mm per wood piece).
<試験例5> 消火用水の散布密度と拡散性の評価
小型風洞φ600mmを用い、風速5.7m/s、消火用水散布量200g、消火用水の散布高さ590mmの条件で航空機による消火用水の散布飛行を模擬し、消火用水の散布密度と拡散の様子を観察した。
消火用水の散布密度と拡散量を判定するために、吸水性の不織布46mm角を消火用水の直下から[風下に向けて13枚]×[風向と垂直方向に向けて7枚]の計91枚を風洞内に並べて、不織布に吸水及び積載した消火用水の各質量を計測した。林野火災において消火出来る消火用水の散布密度は1.6L/m2以上と言われている。
上記本発明品3及び45の消火剤を用いて、消火用水中の消火剤の含有量が下記表6に記載の濃度(単位:質量%)になるようにした以外は、調製例2と同様に消火用水を調製し、この消火用水を試験に供した。 <Test Example 5> Evaluation of spray density and diffusivity of fire extinguishing water Using a small wind tunnel of 600 mm, using an air velocity of 5.7 m / s, extinguishing water spray amount of 200 g, and fire extinguishing water spraying height of 590 mm The flight was simulated, and the distribution density and diffusion of fire extinguishing water were observed.
In order to determine the spray density and diffusion amount of fire extinguishing water, a total of 91 sheets of water absorbent non-woven fabric 46 mm square from the area directly under the fire extinguishing water [13 sheets downwind] × [7 sheets directed vertically to the wind direction] Were placed in the wind tunnel, and each mass of fire extinguishing water absorbed and loaded in the non-woven fabric was measured. It is said that the dispersal density of fire extinguishing water that can be extinguished in forest fires is 1.6 L / m 2 or more.
The same as Preparation Example 2 except that the content of the extinguishant in the extinguishing water was adjusted to the concentration described in Table 6 (unit: mass%) using the extinguishant of the present invention products 3 and 45. The fire extinguishing water was prepared, and this fire extinguishing water was subjected to the test.
小型風洞φ600mmを用い、風速5.7m/s、消火用水散布量200g、消火用水の散布高さ590mmの条件で航空機による消火用水の散布飛行を模擬し、消火用水の散布密度と拡散の様子を観察した。
消火用水の散布密度と拡散量を判定するために、吸水性の不織布46mm角を消火用水の直下から[風下に向けて13枚]×[風向と垂直方向に向けて7枚]の計91枚を風洞内に並べて、不織布に吸水及び積載した消火用水の各質量を計測した。林野火災において消火出来る消火用水の散布密度は1.6L/m2以上と言われている。
上記本発明品3及び45の消火剤を用いて、消火用水中の消火剤の含有量が下記表6に記載の濃度(単位:質量%)になるようにした以外は、調製例2と同様に消火用水を調製し、この消火用水を試験に供した。 <Test Example 5> Evaluation of spray density and diffusivity of fire extinguishing water Using a small wind tunnel of 600 mm, using an air velocity of 5.7 m / s, extinguishing water spray amount of 200 g, and fire extinguishing water spraying height of 590 mm The flight was simulated, and the distribution density and diffusion of fire extinguishing water were observed.
In order to determine the spray density and diffusion amount of fire extinguishing water, a total of 91 sheets of water absorbent non-woven fabric 46 mm square from the area directly under the fire extinguishing water [13 sheets downwind] × [7 sheets directed vertically to the wind direction] Were placed in the wind tunnel, and each mass of fire extinguishing water absorbed and loaded in the non-woven fabric was measured. It is said that the dispersal density of fire extinguishing water that can be extinguished in forest fires is 1.6 L / m 2 or more.
The same as Preparation Example 2 except that the content of the extinguishant in the extinguishing water was adjusted to the concentration described in Table 6 (unit: mass%) using the extinguishant of the present invention products 3 and 45. The fire extinguishing water was prepared, and this fire extinguishing water was subjected to the test.
消火用水の散布密度と拡散性についての実験結果を表6に示す。散布密度は1.6L/m2以上を確保する面積を有効消火面積として算出し、消火用水が水の場合の有効消火面積を1として比較した。拡散性については、風によって風洞外へ飛散した量(消失量)で評価した。下記表6の消失量は、散布した消火用水の質量200gに対する消失量の割合(質量%)である。
Table 6 shows the experimental results on the spray density and diffusivity of fire extinguishing water. The spray density was calculated using an area to secure 1.6 L / m 2 or more as the effective extinguishing area, and the effective extinguishing area when the extinguishing water was water was compared as 1. The diffusivity was evaluated by the amount of scattering to the outside of the wind tunnel by wind (disappeared amount). The lost amount in Table 6 below is the ratio (% by mass) of the lost amount to the mass of 200 g of the extinguishing water sprayed.
表6に示されるように、市販合成界面活性剤系消火剤の場合、消火用水が水の場合と比較して、散布された消火用水が拡散し有効消火面積が小さくなった。また、消火用水の消失量は多くなった。市販吸水性ポリマー系消火剤の場合、散布された消火用水が塊状となって部分的に集中して散布されることで有効消火面積が小さくなった。
これに対し本発明品を用いた消火用水では、適度に拡散するため有効消火面積が大きくなり、かつ、消火用水の消失量もより少なかった。この結果から、本発明の消火剤が、消火性能の高い消火用水の調製に適することがわかった。本発明の消火剤は、特に、ヘリコプターや航空機などを使用して火災上空から消火ターゲットに対して空中放水(散布)を行う場合の消火用水の調製に好適に用いることができる。 As shown in Table 6, in the case of the commercially available synthetic surfactant fire extinguishant, the sprayed fire extinguishing water diffused and the effective fire extinguishing area decreased as compared with the case where the fire extinguishing water was water. In addition, the loss of fire fighting water increased. In the case of a commercially available water-absorbing polymer fire extinguisher, the effective fire extinguishing area was reduced because the sprayed fire extinguishing water was concentrated and partially concentrated.
On the other hand, in the case of the fire extinguishing water using the product of the present invention, the effective extinguishing area became larger because the water diffused properly, and the loss of the fire extinguishing water was smaller. From this result, it has been found that the extinguishant of the present invention is suitable for preparation of extinguishing water with high extinguishing performance. The fire extinguishing agent of the present invention can be suitably used particularly for preparation of fire extinguishing water in the case where water is released (dispersed) from above the fire to the fire extinguishing target using a helicopter, aircraft or the like.
これに対し本発明品を用いた消火用水では、適度に拡散するため有効消火面積が大きくなり、かつ、消火用水の消失量もより少なかった。この結果から、本発明の消火剤が、消火性能の高い消火用水の調製に適することがわかった。本発明の消火剤は、特に、ヘリコプターや航空機などを使用して火災上空から消火ターゲットに対して空中放水(散布)を行う場合の消火用水の調製に好適に用いることができる。 As shown in Table 6, in the case of the commercially available synthetic surfactant fire extinguishant, the sprayed fire extinguishing water diffused and the effective fire extinguishing area decreased as compared with the case where the fire extinguishing water was water. In addition, the loss of fire fighting water increased. In the case of a commercially available water-absorbing polymer fire extinguisher, the effective fire extinguishing area was reduced because the sprayed fire extinguishing water was concentrated and partially concentrated.
On the other hand, in the case of the fire extinguishing water using the product of the present invention, the effective extinguishing area became larger because the water diffused properly, and the loss of the fire extinguishing water was smaller. From this result, it has been found that the extinguishant of the present invention is suitable for preparation of extinguishing water with high extinguishing performance. The fire extinguishing agent of the present invention can be suitably used particularly for preparation of fire extinguishing water in the case where water is released (dispersed) from above the fire to the fire extinguishing target using a helicopter, aircraft or the like.
本発明をその実施態様とともに説明したが、我々は特に指定しない限り我々の発明を説明のどの細部においても限定しようとするものではなく、添付の請求の範囲に示した発明の精神と範囲に反することなく幅広く解釈されるべきであると考える。
While the present invention has been described in conjunction with its embodiments, we do not intend to limit our invention in any detail of the description unless otherwise specified, which is contrary to the spirit and scope of the invention as set forth in the appended claims. I think that it should be interpreted broadly without.
本願は、2012年3月23日に日本国で特許出願された特願2012-68337に基づく優先権を主張するものであり、これはここに参照してその内容を本明細書の記載の一部として取り込む。
The present application claims priority based on Japanese Patent Application No. 2012-68337 filed in Japan on March 23, 2012, which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. Capture as part.
1 木片
2 木片を固定する治具 1Wood piece 2 Jig for fixing wood pieces
2 木片を固定する治具 1
Claims (16)
- クルードグァーガムを含有し、さらに、クルードグァーガムの分散助剤として、単糖類及び少糖類から選ばれる少なくとも1種を含有する消火剤であって、クルードグァーガム100質量部に対し、単糖類及び少糖類を総量で30~400質量部含有する、消火剤。 A fire extinguishing agent containing crude guar gum and further containing at least one selected from monosaccharides and oligosaccharides as a dispersion aid for crude guar gum, wherein monosaccharides and oligosaccharides are added to 100 parts by mass of crude guar gum Extinguishing agent containing 30 to 400 parts by mass in total.
- クルードグァーガムの分散助剤として、さらに、無機ナトリウム塩、無機カリウム塩、アンモニウム塩及び発泡剤からなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1種を含有する、請求項1に記載の消火剤。 The fire extinguisher according to claim 1, further comprising at least one selected from the group consisting of inorganic sodium salt, inorganic potassium salt, ammonium salt and a foaming agent as a dispersion aid for crude guar gum.
- クルードグァーガム100質量部に対し、無機ナトリウム塩、無機カリウム塩、アンモニウム塩及び発泡剤を総量で50~200質量部含有する、請求項2に記載の消火剤。 The fire extinguishing agent according to claim 2, wherein the total amount of inorganic sodium salt, inorganic potassium salt, ammonium salt and foaming agent is 50 to 200 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of crude guar gum.
- 前記発泡剤が、炭酸水素ナトリウムと、クエン酸、フマル酸、コハク酸及びリンゴ酸からなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1種の有機酸とを組み合わせてなる発泡剤、炭酸水素アンモニウムと、クエン酸、フマル酸、コハク酸及びリンゴ酸からなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1種の有機酸とを組み合わせてなる発泡剤、並びに、亜硝酸ナトリウムと塩化アンモニウムとを組み合わせてなる発泡剤からなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1種の発泡剤である、請求項2又は3に記載の消火剤。 A foaming agent comprising sodium hydrogencarbonate and at least one organic acid selected from the group consisting of citric acid, fumaric acid, succinic acid and malic acid, ammonium hydrogencarbonate, citric acid, fumaric acid At least one selected from the group consisting of a foaming agent comprising a combination of at least one organic acid selected from the group consisting of an acid, succinic acid and malic acid, and a foaming agent comprising a combination of sodium nitrite and ammonium chloride The fire extinguisher according to claim 2 or 3, which is a foaming agent of a certain type.
- クルードグァーガムの分散助剤として、スクロース及び上白糖から選ばれる少なくとも1種を含有する、請求項1~4のいずれか1項に記載の消火剤。 The fire extinguisher according to any one of claims 1 to 4, which contains at least one selected from sucrose and white sucrose as a dispersion aid for crude guar gum.
- クルードグァーガム100質量部に対し、クルードグァーガムに由来するグァーガム以外の水溶性高分子多糖類を5~75質量部含有する、請求項1~5のいずれか1項に記載の消火剤。 The fire extinguisher according to any one of claims 1 to 5, which comprises 5 to 75 parts by mass of a water-soluble high molecular weight polysaccharide other than guar gum derived from crude guar gum relative to 100 parts by mass of crude guar gum.
- クルードグァーガムに由来するグァーガム以外の水溶性高分子多糖類が、タマリンドシードガム、アルギン酸エステル、キサンタンガム及びプルランからなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1種である、請求項6に記載の消火剤。 The fire extinguisher according to claim 6, wherein the water-soluble polymer polysaccharide other than guar gum derived from crude guar gum is at least one selected from the group consisting of tamarind seed gum, alginic acid ester, xanthan gum and pullulan.
- クルードグァーガムに由来するグァーガム以外の水溶性高分子多糖類が界面活性剤でコーティングされている、請求項6又は7に記載の消火剤。 The fire extinguisher according to claim 6 or 7, wherein a water-soluble polymer polysaccharide other than guar gum derived from crude guar gum is coated with a surfactant.
- クルードグァーガムが界面活性剤でコーティングされている、請求項1~8のいずれか1項に記載の消火剤。 The fire extinguisher according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the crude guar gum is coated with a surfactant.
- アニオン性界面活性剤及びノニオン性界面活性剤からなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1種の界面活性剤を含有する、請求項1~9のいずれか1項に記載の消火剤。 The fire extinguisher according to any one of claims 1 to 9, comprising at least one surfactant selected from the group consisting of anionic surfactants and nonionic surfactants.
- アニオン性界面活性剤が、α-オレフィンスルホン酸塩、アルキル硫酸塩、ポリオキシエチレンアルキルエーテル硫酸塩及びN-アシルタウリン塩からなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1種であり、ノニオン性界面活性剤が、ポリオキシエチレンアルキルエーテル、ショ糖脂肪酸エステル及びグリセリン脂肪酸エステルからなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1種である、請求項10に記載の消火剤。 The anionic surfactant is at least one member selected from the group consisting of α-olefin sulfonate, alkyl sulfate, polyoxyethylene alkyl ether sulfate and N-acyl taurine salt, and the nonionic surfactant is The fire extinguisher according to claim 10, which is at least one selected from the group consisting of polyoxyethylene alkyl ether, sucrose fatty acid ester and glycerin fatty acid ester.
- 着色剤、不凍液、酸化防止剤、腐食防止剤及び防カビ剤からなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1種を含有する、請求項1~11のいずれか1項に記載の消火剤。 The fire extinguisher according to any one of claims 1 to 11, containing at least one selected from the group consisting of a colorant, an antifreeze, an antioxidant, a corrosion inhibitor, and a fungicide.
- 顆粒状又はタブレット状である、請求項1~12のいずれか1項に記載の消火剤。 The fire extinguisher according to any one of claims 1 to 12, which is in the form of granules or tablets.
- 澱粉を含有しない、請求項1~13のいずれか1項に記載の消火剤。 The fire extinguisher according to any one of claims 1 to 13, which does not contain starch.
- 請求項1~14のいずれか1項に記載の消火剤を水に分散・溶解する工程を含む、消火用水の調製方法。 A method for preparing fire extinguishing water, comprising the steps of dispersing and dissolving the fire extinguishing agent according to any one of claims 1 to 14 in water.
- 請求項15に記載の消火用水の調製方法により調製した消火用水を火災現場に放水する工程を含む、火災の消火方法。 A fire extinguishing method comprising the step of discharging the fire extinguishing water prepared by the method for preparing fire extinguishing water according to claim 15 to a fire site.
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JP2013539082A JP5469283B1 (en) | 2012-03-23 | 2013-03-22 | Fire extinguisher |
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JP2012-068337 | 2012-03-23 | ||
JP2012068337 | 2012-03-23 |
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JP2016174802A (en) * | 2015-03-20 | 2016-10-06 | 第一化成産業株式会社 | Environmentally-friendly foam fire extinguishing agent |
JP2016174803A (en) * | 2015-03-20 | 2016-10-06 | 第一化成産業株式会社 | Environmentally-friendly foam fire extinguishing agent |
EP3980140A4 (en) * | 2019-06-07 | 2023-06-14 | FRS Group, LLC | Long-term fire retardant with corrosion inhibitors and methods for making and using same |
US11865391B2 (en) | 2020-12-15 | 2024-01-09 | Frs Group, Llc | Long-term fire retardant with corrosion inhibitors and methods for making and using same |
US11975231B2 (en) | 2022-03-31 | 2024-05-07 | Frs Group, Llc | Long-term fire retardant with corrosion inhibitors and methods for making and using same |
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CN111969425A (en) * | 2020-07-27 | 2020-11-20 | 朱春云 | Air flow conduction pressure relief explosion-proof flame-retardant fire extinguishing mechanism of pre-buried high-voltage power distribution cabinet |
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JP2016174802A (en) * | 2015-03-20 | 2016-10-06 | 第一化成産業株式会社 | Environmentally-friendly foam fire extinguishing agent |
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US11865392B2 (en) | 2020-12-15 | 2024-01-09 | Frs Group, Llc | Long-term fire retardant with corrosion inhibitors and methods for making and using same |
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US11975231B2 (en) | 2022-03-31 | 2024-05-07 | Frs Group, Llc | Long-term fire retardant with corrosion inhibitors and methods for making and using same |
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