WO2013126926A2

WO2013126926A2 - System and method for cooling and heating applications

Info

Publication number: WO2013126926A2
Application number: PCT/US2013/027800
Authority: WO
Inventors: SR. Whitaker B. IRVIN
Original assignee: Qwtip Llc
Priority date: 2012-02-26
Filing date: 2013-02-26
Publication date: 2013-08-29
Also published as: WO2013126926A3; TW201407108A; AR093193A1

Abstract

A system and method in at least one embodiment provides cooling and/or heating to an enclosed space. A temperature conditioning system having a housing having a first discharge port; at least one feed inlet with a second discharge port; a plurality of waveform rotors and/or disk(s) in fluid communication with the at least one feed inlet and located within the housing, the plurality of waveform rotors and/or disk(s) each having an opening passing therethrough forming an axially centered expansion chamber; and a drive system connected to the plurality of waveform rotors and/or disk(s), and wherein at least one of the first discharge port and the second discharge port is capable of fluid communication with a distribution system. In further embodiments, the system further having a compressor. In a still further embodiment, the system has a distribution system.

Description

SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR COOLING AND HEATING APPLICATIONS

[0001] This application claims the benefit of U.S. provisional Application Serial No. 61/603,367, filed February 26, 2012, which is hereby incorporated by reference.

I. Field of the Invention

[0002] The present invention in one or more embodiments relates to a system and method for providing cooling and/or heating to one or more locations within a building. More particularly, the system and method of at least one embodiment of the present invention provides rotating hyperbolic waveform structures and dynamics that may be used to provide a differentiated pressures and air temperature between at least two discharges.

II. Background of the Invention

[0003] Typically air conditioning systems include a closed system that includes a pair of coil sets for temperature transfer (one of evaporation and one for condensing), a compressor, and an expansion valve.

III. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In at least one embodiment, the invention provides a temperature conditioning system including a housing having a first discharge port; at least one feed inlet with a second discharge port; a plurality of waveform rotors and/or disk(s) in fluid communication with the at least one feed inlet and located within the housing, the plurality of waveform rotors and/or disk(s) each having an opening passing therethrough forming an axially centered expansion chamber; and a drive system connected to the plurality of waveform rotors and/or disk(s), and wherein at least one of the first discharge port and the second discharge port is capable of fluid communication with a distribution system.

[0005] In at least one embodiment, the invention provides a system including a housing having a first discharge port; an intake chamber having a second discharge port; a disk-pack turbine disposed within the housing, the disk-pack turbine includes at least one disk having an opening in the center in fluid communication with the intake chamber; and a drive system connected to the disk-pack turbine.

[0006] In at least one embodiment, the invention provides a system including a housing having a first discharge port; at least one feed inlet with a second discharge port and a vortex induction chamber, a pair of rotors in rotational connection to the housing, the rotors forming at least a portion of an expansion chamber, disk mounted on each of the rotors, at least one disk chamber exists between the disks, and a motor connected to the rotors; and a fluid pathway exists from the vortex induction chamber into the expansion chamber through the at least one disk chamber to the housing chamber and the first discharge port.

[0007] In at least one embodiment, the invention provides a temperature conditioning system including: a housing having a first discharge port; at least one feed inlet with a second discharge port; a plurality of disk-pack turbines each having a plurality of waveform rotors and/or disk(s) in fluid communication with the at least one feed inlet and located within the housing, the plurality of waveform rotors and/or disk(s) each having an opening passing therethrough forming an axially centered expansion chamber, the top rotor and/or disk in each disk-pack turbine substantially seals against the housing; and a drive system connected to the plurality of disk-pack turbines, and wherein at least one of the first discharge port and the second discharge port is capable of fluid communication with a distribution system. [0008] In a further embodiment to any of the previous embodiments, the system further including a compressor in fluid communication with the at least one feed inlet. In a further embodiment to any of the previous embodiments, the system further including a distribution system in fluid communication with at least one of the first discharge port and the second discharge port. In a further embodiment to the previous embodiments, the system further including at least one of 1 ) at least one valve controlling a flow from the first discharge port and the second discharge port to the distribution system and 2) a supplementary intake and at least one valve controlling a flow from at least two of the first discharge port, the second discharge port and the supplementary intake to the distribution system. In a further embodiment to any of the previous embodiments, the system further including a second housing with a third discharge port; a second feed inlet with a fourth discharge port, the second feed inlet in fluid communication with at least one of the first discharge port and the second discharge port; and a second plurality of waveform rotors and/or disk(s) in fluid communication with the at least one feed inlet and located within the housing, the plurality of waveform rotors and/or disk(s) each having an opening passing therethrough forming an axially centered expansion chamber. In a further embodiment to any of the previous embodiments, the system further including at least one coil array in magnetic communication with the plurality of waveform disks; and at least one magnet plate rotatable about the feed inlet, wherein the disk includes an array of magnets where one of the at least one coil array is between one of the at least one magnet plate and the plurality of waveform rotors and/or disk(s). In a further embodiment to the previous embodiment, the system further including energy collection means in communication with the at least one coil array. In a further embodiment to any of the previous embodiments, the plurality of waveform rotors and/or disks includes at least one set of mated disks. In a further embodiment to any of the previous embodiments, the plurality of waveform rotors and/or disks includes waveforms formed on at least one surface. In a further embodiment to the previous embodiment, the waveforms are hyperbolic, and in a further embodiment are selected from the group including biaxial and multi-axial sinusoidal waveforms. In a further embodiment to any of the previous embodiments, the expansion chamber includes a converging portion and a diverging portion. In a further embodiment to any of the previous embodiments, the plurality of waveform rotors and/or disks is part of a disk-pack turbine.

[0009] In at least one embodiment, the invention provides a compression turbine including: a housing having a first discharge port; at least one feed inlet; a top waveform disk having a plurality of circular waveforms axially centered about an opening with the outermost waveform having a plurality of channels passing therethrough; a bottom waveform disk having a plurality of circular waveforms axially centered about a concaved feature with the innermost waveform and the outermost waveform having a plurality of channels passing therethrough; and a drive system connected to the plurality of waveform rotors and/or disk(s), and wherein at least one of the first discharge port and the second discharge port is capable of fluid communication with a distribution system. In a further embodiment, the channels passing through the outermost waveforms of the top and bottom waveforms disks define impellers. In a further embodiment to either of the prior two embodiments, the channels spiral away from the center of the respective disk. In a further embodiment, the opening passing through the top disk is in fluid communication with the at least one feed inlet. In a further embodiment to any of the embodiments discussed in the previous paragraphs, the compression turbine is as the compressor.

[0010] In at least one embodiment, the invention provides a method for providing temperature conditioned air where the method includes driving a plurality of disks having mating waveforms, feeding air into an expansion chamber defined by openings passing through a majority of the plurality of disks with the fluid flowing into spaces formed between the disks to cause the fluid to dissociate into separate components, and discharging cooler or warmer air from the periphery of the plurality of disks than the feed air to a distribution system. In a further embodiment, the method further includes preparing the air for feeding into the expansion chamber. In a further embodiment to the previous embodiment, preparing includes pressurizing the air. In a further embodiment to either of the previous embodiments, the method further including blending the air discharged from the periphery of the plurality of disks with at least one of air discharged from the center of the plurality of disks and environmental air, where blending occurs prior to distributing. In a further embodiment to the other embodiments in this paragraph, the plurality of disks is part of a disk-pack turbine.

IV. Brief Description of the Drawings

[0011] The present invention is described with reference to the accompanying drawings. In the drawings, like reference numbers indicate identical or functionally similar elements. The use of cross- hatching and shading within the drawings is not intended as limiting the type of materials that may be used to manufacture the invention.

[0012] FIGs. 1A and 1 B illustrate a block diagrams according to the invention.

[0013] FIGs. 2A and 2B illustrate a compressor embodiment according to the invention.

[0014] FIG. 3 illustrates a top view of an embodiment according to the invention. FIG. 4 illustrates a cross-sectional view of the system illustrated in FIG. 2 taken at 3-3. FIG. 5 illustrates an exploded and partial cross-sectional view of the system illustrated in FIG. 3. FIG. 6 illustrates a partial cross-sectional view of the system illustrated in FIG. 3.

[0015] FIG. 7A illustrates a side view of another embodiment according to the invention. FIG. 7B illustrates a top view of the system illustrated in FIG. 7A. FIG. 7C illustrates a partial cross-section of an embodiment according to the invention take at 7C-7C in FIG. 7B. FIG. 8A illustrates a cross-sectional view of the embodiment taken at 8A-8A in FIG. 7B. FIG. 8B illustrates a cross-sectional view of the embodiment taken at 8B-8B in FIG. 7B.

[0016] FIGs. 9A-9C illustrate another example disk-pack turbine according to the invention.

[0017] FIGs. 10A-10D illustrate another example disk-pack turbine according to the invention.

[0018] FIGs. 1 1A-1 1 E illustrate another example disk-pack turbine according to the invention.

[0019] FIG. 12 illustrates a perspective view of another example disk according to the invention.

[0020] FIG. 13A-13D illustrate another example disk-pack turbine according to the invention.

[0021] FIG. 14 illustrates another example disk-pack turbine according to the invention.

[0022] FIGs. 15A-15C illustrate another example disk-pack turbine according to the invention including perspective views and one cross-section view.

[0023] FIG. 16 illustrates a side view of another embodiment according to the invention.

[0024] FIGs. 17A and 17B illustrate a modified waveform according to the invention.

[0025] FIG. 18 illustrates a closed-loop system according to the invention.

[0026] FIGs. 19-24 are tables of experimental data.

[0027] Given the following enabling description of the drawings, the invention should become evident to a person of ordinary skill in the art. V. Detailed Description of the Drawings

A. Definitions

[0028] In this disclosure, waveforms include, but are not limited to, circular, sinusoidal, biaxial, biaxial sinucircular, a series of interconnected scallop shapes, a series of interconnected arcuate forms, hyperbolic, and/or multi-axial including combinations of these that when rotated provide progressive, disk channels with the waveforms being substantially centered about an axial center of the disk and/or an expansion chamber. The waveforms are formed, for example but not limited to, by a plurality of ridges (or protrusions or rising waveforms), grooves, and depressions (or descending waveforms) in the waveform surface including the features having different heights and/or depths compared to other features and/or along the individual features. In some embodiments, the height in the vertical axis and/or the depth measured along a radius of the disk chambers vary along a radius as illustrated, for example, in FIG. 10D. In some embodiments, the waveforms are implemented as ridges that have different waveforms for each side (or face) of the ridge. In this disclosure, waveform patterns (or geometries) are a set of waveforms on one disk surface. Neighboring rotor and/or disk surfaces have matching waveform patterns that form a channel running from the expansion chamber to the periphery of the disks. In this disclosure, matching waveforms include complimentary waveforms, mirroring geometries that include cavities and other beneficial geometric features. FIGs. 3-5, 6C-8, 9B, 9C, 10B-15C, and 17 illustrate a variety of examples of these waveforms.

[0029] In this disclosure, a bearing may take a variety of forms while minimizing the friction between components with examples of material for a bearing including, but are not limited to, ceramics, nylon, phenolics, bronze, and the like. Examples of bearings include, but are not limited to, bushings and ball bearings. In at least one alternative embodiment, the bearing function uses magnetic fields to center and align rotating components within the system instead of mechanical bearings.

[0030] In this disclosure, examples of non-conducting material for electrical isolation include, but are not limited to, non-conducting ceramics, plastics, Plexiglas, phenolics, nylon or similarly electrically inert material. In some embodiments, the non-conducting material is a coating over a component to provide the electrical isolation.

[0031] In this disclosure, examples of non-magnetic (or very low magnetic) materials for use in housings, plates, disks, rotors, and frames include, but are not limited to, aluminum, aluminum alloys, brass, brass alloys, stainless steel such as austenitic grade stainless steel, copper, beryllium-copper alloys, bismuth, bismuth alloys, magnesium alloys, silver, silver alloys, and inert plastics. Although nonmagnetic materials are used for rotating components, the rotating components have been found to be conductors in some embodiments. Examples of non-magnetic materials for use in bearings, spacers, and tubing include, but are not limited to, inert plastics, non-conductive ceramics, nylon, and phenolics.

[0032] In this disclosure, examples of diamagnetic materials include, but are not limited to, aluminum, brass, stainless steel, carbon fibers, copper, magnesium, bismuth, and other non-ferrous material alloys some of which containing high amounts of bismuth relative to other metals.

B. Overview

[0033] The present invention, in at least one embodiment, provides a system and method for cooling and/or heating an enclosed environment such as one or more rooms in a building/structure or interior of a vehicle directly or indirectly. FIG. 1A illustrates an example embodiment that includes an optional compressor 80, a housing 210 with at least one discharge port 232, an intake module 100 with at least one inlet 132 (an optional intake chamber 130 is also illustrated) and at least one second discharge port 133, a disk-pack turbine 250 with rotors 264, 268 and/or disk(s) 260 (illustrated in, for example, FIG. 4) providing at least two surfaces on which waveforms are present and define a distribution and expansion chamber (or expansion chamber) 252, and a drive system 300. The compressor 80 in the illustrated embodiment provides a pressurized air supply to the intake module 100 and then the disk-pack turbine 250. The intake module 100 includes at least one second discharge port 133 for the system for the collection of and/or release of material that is light and higher pressure than the material released through the first discharge port 232. The first discharge port 232 provides the exit point for the heavier material and lower pressure air. In at least one embodiment, the flows of the discharge ports 133, 232 are reversed depending upon the speed at which the disk-pack turbine 250 is rotated. One or both discharge ports in at least one embodiment feed a distribution system 90 (see, e.g. , FIG. 1 B) for cooling/heating an indoor environment although alternatively one of the discharge ports discharges into the indoor environment directly while the other discharge port discharges external to the indoor environment. The drive system 300 provides the rotational spin to the disk-pack turbine.

[0034] The intake module 100 in at least one embodiment includes an intake chamber 130 in fluid communication with the expansion chamber 252 as illustrated in, for example, FIG. 1A. In a further embodiment, the intake chamber is a vortex chamber or includes at least a portion of the chamber as a vortex chamber.

[0035] In at least one embodiment, the disk-pack turbine 250 includes an expansion chamber 252, which is formed by axially centered openings in the rotor(s) 264, 268 and/or disk(s) 260 that form the disk-pack turbine 250. See, e.g., FIGs. 4 and 5. The rotatable rotors and/or disks are stacked or placed adjacent to each other such that a small space of separation remains between the adjacent members to form disk chambers 262. There are at least two surfaces between the rotors 264, 268 and/or disk(s) 260 that include waveforms. In at least one embodiment, the rotors 264, 268 are attached to a respective disk 260 with substantially no gap present between the attached rotor and disk as illustrated in, for example, FIG. 10D.

[0036] A drive system 300 is connected to the disk-pack turbine 250 to provide rotational movement to the disk-pack turbine 250. The drive system 300 in at least one embodiment is connected to the disk- pack turbine 250 through a drive shaft 314 (see, e.g. , FIGs. 4 and 5) or other mechanical linkage such as a belt, and in a further embodiment the drive system 300 is connected directly to the disk-pack turbine 250. In use, the drive system 300 rotates the plurality of rotors and/or disks in the disk-pack turbine 250.

[0037] The expansion chamber may include a variety of shapes, ranging from a horizontal substantially cylindrical shape to varying degrees of converging and diverging structures. However, in at least one embodiment, the expansion chamber includes both a convergent structure and a divergent structure designed to first compress, and then expand the media as it flows through the expansion chamber.

[0038] In some embodiments the intake chamber may be formed as a vortex induction chamber that creates a vertical vortex in the charging media, which in most embodiments is a fluid including liquid and/or gas, in order to impart desired physical characteristics on the fluid. Examples of how the charging media is provided include ambient air, exterior (or outside) air, pressurized supply (ambient or outside) such as that provided by the optional compressor 80, and metered flow. The vertical vortex acts to shape, concentrate, and accelerate the charging media into a through-flowing vortex, thereby causing a decrease in temperature of the charging media and conversion of heat into kinetic energy. These effects are realized as the charging media is first compressed, then rapidly expanded as it is drawn into the expansion chamber by the centrifugal suction/vacuum created by the dynamic rotation and progressive geometry of the disks. The vortex also assists the fluid in progressing through the system, i.e., from the vortex induction chamber, into the expansion chamber, through the disk chambers formed by the patterns and channels created by the waveforms such as hyperbolic waveforms on the disks, and out of the system. In some embodiments, there may also be a reverse flow of fluid within the system where fluid components that are dissociated flow from the disk chambers to the expansion chamber back up (i.e., flow simultaneously axially and peripherally) through the vortex chamber and, in some embodiments, out the inlets. Media (or material) tends toward being divided relative to mass/specific gravity, with the lighter materials discharging up through the eye of the vortex while simultaneously discharging gases/fluids of greater mass at the periphery. While progressing through the waveform geometries, the charging media is exposed to a multiplicity of dynamic action and reactionary forces and influences such as alternating pressure zones and changing circular, vortex and multi-axial flows of fluid as the fluid progresses over the valleys and peaks and highly variable hyperbolic and/or non-hyperbolic geometries, and sinusoidal, tortile, and reciprocating motions in conjunction with simultaneous centrifugal and centripetal dynamics. See, e.g. , FIG. 6. These dynamics in at least one embodiment include a multiplicity of multi-axial high pressure centrifugal flow zones and low pressure centripetal flow zones, the majority of which are vortexual in nature.

[0039] The number and arrangement of disks can vary depending upon the particular embodiment. Examples of the various disk arrangements include paired disks, multiple paired disks, stacked disks, pluralities of stacked disks, multi-staged disk arrays, and various combinations of these disk arrangements as illustrated, for example, in FIGs. 4, 7C-9C, 10D, 1 1 E, 14, and 15A-15C. Further examples add one or more rotors to the disks. A disk-pack turbine is a complete assembly with rotors and/or disks being elements within the disk-pack turbine. In at least one embodiment, the bottom rotor (or disk) includes a parabolic/concave rigid feature that forms the bottom of the expansion chamber.

[0040] FIG. 1 B provides another broad overview of an example of a system according to the present invention. The system as illustrated in FIG. 1 B includes the components discussed in connection with FIG. 1 A with the addition of a valve 85 in fluid communication with at least one of the discharge ports 133, 232 and a distribution system 90. The valve 85 in at least one embodiment is in fluid communication with both discharge ports to mix the outputs to obtain a desired temperature for the air to be distributed through the distribution system 90. In a further embodiment, the valve 85 is in fluid communication with one of the discharge ports and with the outdoor air through a supplementary inlet (or input) 87 to adjust the temperature of the air being distributed through the distribution system 90. In a further embodiment, the valve 85 is connected to both discharge ports 133, 232 and the outdoors. The distribution system 90 provides the route to move the conditioned air into the desired locations to receive the conditioned air. Examples of components that could be used as part of the distribution system 90 include ducting, vents, conduit, dampers, and other similar components that would be found in HVAC and air conditioning distribution systems used in buildings, other structures, and vehicles. In at least one embodiment, the system is located in the space where the temperature is being controlled with ducting being used to route one discharge from the space and/or drawing source air from external to the space. [0041] The illustrated compressor 80 is an optional component to the system in the above described embodiments. In a further embodiment, the compressor 80 receives as an input air from the internal location receiving the output of the system. In a further embodiment, the input into the compressor 80 is a mixture of outdoor air and interior conditioned air. FIGs. 2A and 2B illustrate a pair of example waveform disks C264, C266 that may be used as a compressor turbine C250. FIG. 2A illustrates the bottom surface of the top disk C264 with an opening passing through its axial center to define an expansion chamber C252. FIG. 2B (see also FIG. 17B) illustrates the top surface of the bottom disk C266 including the concave feature C2522 that provides the bottom of the expansion chamber C252 in the compression turbine C250. The illustrated waveforms C2664 are substantially circular, but as will be discussed in this disclosure a variety of waveforms including hyperbolic waveforms can be substituted for the illustrated circular waveforms. The bottom disk C266 includes a plurality of channels C2662, which are cut through the inner most circular waveform, that spiral out from the concave feature C2522 towards the circular waveforms C2664. Both disks include a plurality of channels C2666 that are cut through the outer circular waveform, and these channels are also illustrated as spiraling out from the inner part of the disk to the outer periphery. In at least one embodiment, the outer channels C2666 are impeller channels. Testing using this compression turbine produced a peripheral discharge pressure of 1 12 PSI using ambient air as the input. In at least one embodiment, the compression turbine would be enclosed in a housing that would collect the discharged air and feed that discharge into the inlet 132, which in at least one embodiment will occur through conduit or piping. The compression turbine in at least one embodiment is rotated using the same drive system 300 through, for example, a belt or pulley connection between respective driveshafts or co-location on the driveshaft that rotates the disk-pack turbine 250. In at least one embodiment, the compression turbine is used as a disk-pack turbine.

[0042] In at least one embodiment, the intake chamber 130 concentrates (compresses) and passes the charging media into the expansion chamber 252. The expansion chamber 252 causes the compressed charging media to quickly expand and distribute through the disk chambers 262 and over the surfaces of the disk-pack turbine members towards a periphery via the disk chambers 262 and in some embodiments back towards the expansion chamber 252. In at least one embodiment, components of the fluid reverse course through the system, for example, lighter elements present in the fluid that are dissociated from heavier elements present in the fluid. In at least one embodiment, the system includes a capture system for one or more of the dissociated fluid elements. The media is conditioned as it passes between the rotating disks from the center towards the periphery of the disks. In at least one embodiment, the intake chamber 130 is omitted.

[0043] As the disk-pack turbine 250 rotates the charging media within the expansion chamber 252, the charging media flows from the center of the disk-pack turbine 250 through the disk chambers 262 towards the periphery of the disk-pack turbine 250. As the charging media passes through the disk chambers 262 the media is conditioned, separated, dissociated, and/or transformed. The air breaks into lighter and heavier components with the lighter components reversing flow and traveling back up through the intake chamber 130 to be discharged at the second discharge port while the heavier material flows outward to the periphery of the disk-pack turbine to be collected in the housing and discharged out the first discharge port. Using air as an example, the lighter material would be Hydrogen and a heavier material would be Oxygen. Along with the flow of material, the discharges are at different pressures than the input air pressure such that the lighter material discharges at a higher pressure than the heavier material discharges. For example, if the input air is approximately 85 degrees Fahrenheit at 60 PSI, the discharge at the first discharge port might be on the order of magnitude of 42 degrees Fahrenheit at approximately 25 PSI while the discharge at the second discharge port might be on the order of magnitude of 1 17 degrees Fahrenheit at approximately 90 PSI using the rotor set substantially as illustrated in FIGs. 9A-9C and a vortex chamber. It has been found that the pressure differential from the input pressure is approximately the same for the low and high pressures. Another interesting phenomenon has been observed and that is even at the discharge ports there is a vibratory flow both into the system and out of the system. Based on this disclosure, it should be understood that the flows will switch from that described in this paragraph based on a change of rotation speed and the resulting change in harmonics as discussed in other parts of this disclosure.

[0044] In a further embodiment, there are multiple stages with each stage having an intake module, a housing, and a disk-pack turbine. The multiple stages provide a cascade to lower or increase the pressure and/or temperature as the air passes through each stage where the relevant discharge port of the first stage is in fluid communication with the inlet of the second stage and so on depending on the number of stages with the final stage providing the output for use from the relevant discharge port.

[0045] In the following disclosure are examples of different systems that can be used to provide the intake module and disk-pack turbine according to the invention. Additionally, these examples provide illustrations of some of the different waveforms for use in the system.

C. Intake and Disk-Pack Turbine Example Embodiment

[0046] FIGs. 3-5 provide various views of an example embodiment of a fluid intake module 100 and a disk-pack module 200 according to the invention although the second discharge is omitted from the illustrated embodiment, but in at least one embodiment would be axially centered at the top of the vortex chamber 130. This embodiment is an example of the sub-system that can be incorporated into the system illustrated in FIGs. 1A and 1 B and discussed above. In accordance with this embodiment, the system includes a fluid intake module 100 with a vortex induction chamber (or vortex chamber) 130 and a disk-pack module 200 with a housing 220, and a disk-pack turbine 250 with an expansion and distribution chamber (or expansion chamber) 252. The fluid intake module 100 acts as a source of the charging medium provided to the disk-pack module 200.

[0047] Charging media enters the vortex chamber 130 via fluid inlets 132. The fluid inlets 132 may also be sized and angled to assist in creating a vortex in the charging media within the vortex chamber 130 as illustrated, for example, in FIG. 3. The vortex chamber 130 provides the initial stage of fluid processing. The housing 220 illustrated in FIGs. 4 and 5 is around the disk-pack turbine 250 and is an example of how to collect fluid components that exit from the periphery of the disk chambers 262. In an alternative embodiment, the vortex chamber 130 is replaced with an hourglass shaped chamber that compresses the cross-sectional area through which the air flows down prior to expand out the cross- sectional area.

[0048] FIGs. 4 and 5 illustrate, respectively, a cross-section view and an exploded cross-section view of the fluid conditioning system in accordance with the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 3. The housing 220 around the disk-pack turbine 250 provides an enclosure in which the disk(s) 260 and rotors 264, 266 are able to rotate. The following disclosure provides an example of how these modules may be constructed and assembled. [0049] The fluid intake module 100 includes a vortex chamber (or intake chamber) 130 within a housing 120 having fluid inlets 132 in fluid inlets in at least one embodiment are sized and angled to assist in creating a vortex in the charging medium within the vortex chamber 130. The vortex chamber 130 is illustrated as including an annular mounting collar 125 having an opening 138. The collar 125 allows the intake chamber 130 to be connected in fluid communication with the expansion chamber 252. The fluid intake module 100 sits above the disk-pack module 200 and provides the initial stage of fluid processing. In at least one embodiment, the vortex chamber 130 is stationary in the system with the flow of the charging media through it driven, at least in part, by rotation of the disk-pack turbine 250 present in the housing 220. In another embodiment, a vortex is not created in the charging media but, instead, the vortex chamber 130 acts as a conduit for moving the charging media from its source to the expansion chamber 252.

[0050] The disk-pack module 200 includes at least one disk-pack turbine 250 that defines at least one expansion chamber 252 in fluid communication with the vortex chamber 130. The fluid exits from the vortex chamber 130 into the expansion chamber 252. The expansion chamber 252 as illustrated is formed by a rigid feature 2522 incorporated into a lower rotor (or lower disk) 266 in the disk-pack turbine 250 with the volumetric area defined by the center holes in the stacked disks 260 and an upper rotor 264. In at least one embodiment, there are multiple expansion chambers within the disk-pack turbine each having a lower disk 266 with the rigid feature 2522. See, e.g., FIGs. 7A-8B and the next section of this disclosure.

[0051] As illustrated, the disk-pack turbine 250 includes an upper rotor 264, a middle disk 260, and a lower rotor 266 with each member having at least one surface having a waveform pattern 261 present on it. The illustrated at least one rotatable disk(s) 260 and rotors 264, 266 are stacked or placed adjacent to each other such that a small space of separation remains between the adjacent disk/rotor to form disk chambers 262 through which the charging media will enter from the expansion chamber 252. The disk chambers 262 are lined with waveforms 261 that are complementary between adjacent rotor/disk(s) as illustrated, for example, in FIGs. 9A-1 1 E and 14. In at least one embodiment, the waveforms include no angles along any radius extending from a start of the waveform pattern to the end of the waveform pattern. In FIG. 5, the illustrated waveform patterns 261 are a series of concentric circles, but based on this disclosure it should be understood that the concentric circles can be replaced by other patterns discussed in this disclosure and depicted in the figures. The illustrated rotors 264, 266 and disk(s) 260 are spaced from each other to form disk chambers 262 between them that are in fluid communication with the expansion chamber 252. One way to space them apart is illustrated in FIGs. 4 and 5, where impellers (or wing shims) 270 such as ceramic spacers are used to separate them and also to interconnect them together so that they rotate together. Alternative materials besides ceramics that would work include materials that do not conduct electrical current to electrically isolate the illustrated rotors and disk from each other and the system. In further embodiments one or more of the upper rotor 264, the middle disk 264, and the lower rotor 266 are electrically connected. Another way they may be separated is using support pieces fixedly attached to support bolts running between the top and lower rotors 264, 266. The illustrated lower rotor 266 includes a parabolic/concave rigid feature 2522 that forms the bottom of the expansion chamber 252. In an alternative embodiment, the rotors 264, 266 and the disk(s) 260 are attached on their peripheries. [0052] The upper rotor 264 and the lower rotor 266 include shoulders 2642, 2662 extending from their respective non-waveform surface. The upper rotor 264 includes a raised shoulder 2642 that passes through an opening 2222 in the upper case 222 of the disk-pack module 200 to establish a fluid pathway connection with the intake chamber 130. In the illustrated embodiment, the upper rotor shoulder 2642 is ringed by a bearing 280 around it that rests on a flange 2224 of the upper case 222 and against the inside of the collar 125 of the intake chamber housing 120. The lower rotor shoulder 2662 passes through an opening 2262 in a lower case 226 to engage the drive shaft 314. The lower rotor shoulder 2662 is surrounded by a bearing 280 that rests against the flange 2264 of the lower case 226. In an alternative embodiment, the upper rotor 264 and the lower rotor 266 include a nesting hole for receiving a waveform disk where the nesting hole is defined by a periphery wall with gaps for receiving a connection member of the waveform disk. See, e.g. , FIG. 10D.

[0053] In at least one embodiment, the center disk 260 will begin to resonate during use as it spins around the central vertical axis of the system and fluid is passing over its surface. As the center disk 260 resonates between the upper and lower rotors 264, 266, the disk chambers 262 will be in constant flux, creating additional and variable zones of expansion and compression in the disk chambers 262 as the middle disk resonates between the upper and lower rotors 264, 266, which in at least one embodiment results in varied exotic motion. The resulting motion in at least one embodiment is a predetermined resonance, sympathy, and/or dissonance at varying stages of progression with the frequency targeted to the frequency of the molecules/atoms of the material being processed to manipulate through harmonics/dissonance of the material.

[0054] The housing 220 includes a chamber 230 in which the disk-pack turbine 250 rotates. As illustrated in FIGs. 4 and 5, the housing chamber 230 and the outside surface of the disk-pack turbine 250 in at least one embodiment have complementary surfaces. The illustrated housing 220 includes the upper case 222, the bottom case 226, and a peripheral case 224. The illustrated housing 222 also includes a pair of flow inhibitors 223, 225 attached respectively to the upper case 222 and the bottom case 226. Based on this disclosure, it should be appreciated that some components of the housing 220 may be integrally formed together as one piece. FIG. 4 also illustrates how the housing 220 may include a paraboloid feature 234 for the chamber 230 in which the disk-pack turbine 250 rotates. The paraboloid shape of the outside surface of the disk-pack turbine 250, in at least one embodiment, assists with obtaining the harmonic frequency of the rotors 264, 266 and disk(s) 260 themselves as they spin in the chamber 230, thus increasing the dissociation process for the fluid passing through the system. In at least one embodiment, the rotors 264, 266 have complementary outer faces to the shape of the chamber 230.

[0055] The upper case 222 includes an opening 2222 passing through its top that is aligned with the opening in the bearing 280. As illustrated in FIGs. 4 and 5, a bearing 280 is present to minimize any friction that might exist between the shoulder 2642 of the top rotor 264 and the housing collar 125 and the upper case 222. The bearing 280, in at least one embodiment, also helps to align the top 2524 of the expansion chamber 252 with the outlet 138 of the vortex chamber 130. Likewise, the lower case 226 includes an opening 2262 passing through its bottom that is lined with a bearing 280 that surrounds the shoulder (or motor hub) 2662 of the lower disk 266.

[0056] The peripheral case 224 includes a plurality of discharge ports 232 spaced about its perimeter. The discharge ports 232 are in fluid communication with the disk chambers 262. The flow inhibitors 223, 225 in the illustrated system, in at least one embodiment, assist with routing the flow of fluid exiting from the periphery of the disk-pack turbine 250 towards the discharge ports (or collection points) 132 in the housing 220. In at least one embodiment, there is a containment vessel around the housing 220 to collect the discharged gas from the system. Alternatively, the various discharge ports 232 may be connected together with a manifold or other similar structure to combining their respective outputs together.

[0057] Additional examples of electrical isolation components include the following approaches. The drive system/spindle/shaft is electrically isolated via the use of a large isolation ring made of non- conductive material, which creates discontinuity between the drive shaft and ground. In at least one embodiment, all disk-pack turbine components are electrically isolated from one another utilizing, for example, non-conducting tubes, shims, bushings, isolation rings, and washers. The main feed tube (or intake chamber) is also electrically isolated from the top rotor via the use of an additional isolation ring. The feed tube and support structure around the system are electrically isolated via the use of additional isolation elements such as nylon bolts. In most cases, there is no electrical continuity between any components, from drive shaft progressing upward through all rotating components to the top of the vortex chamber and support structures. There are, however, occasions when electrical continuity is desirable as described previously.

[0058] FIG. 6 illustrates how stepped waveform harmonics cause high and low pressure zones to form in the channels with the circulation of the flow illustrated from the top to the bottom of the zones by the C's (clockwise) and backward C's (counterclockwise) that reflect the circulation. These pressure zones and tortile reciprocating motion allow the charging media and material to flow within the channels and to break the bonds between atoms in at least one embodiment.

D. Multiple Stage Example Embodiments

[0059] FIGs. 7A-8B illustrate different embodiments of a multiple stage system that includes disk- pack turbines 250B-250D for each stage of the system internal to one housing 220B. Based on this disclosure, it should be understood that there could be a series of expansion stages or compression stages depending upon whether heat or cold is desired. The illustrated disk-pack turbines are different than the previous illustrated disk-pack turbine, because the waveform disks are conical shape with circular waveform patterns in at least one embodiment. FIGs. 7A and 7B illustrate a common housing 220B, intake module 100B, and discharge port 232B. Each disk-pack turbine includes at least one expansion chamber 252B-252D that routes fluid into the at least one disk chamber 260 of the disk-pack turbine 250B-250D. In the illustrated examples, each disk-pack turbine 250B-250D includes a top rotor 264B-264D that substantially provides a barrier to fluid exiting the periphery from flowing upwards above the disk-pack turbine to assist in routing the exiting fluid to the next stage or the at least one discharge port. In a further embodiment, the at least one discharge port is located along the periphery of the last disk-pack turbine instead of or in addition to the illustrated bottom discharge port 232B in FIGs. 8A and 8B. These figures illustrate the disk-pack module housing 220B with only a representative input illustrated to represent the vortex chamber (or alternatively an intake chamber that is substantially cylindrical) that feeds these illustrated systems.

[0060] When the discharge port is at the bottom of the housing, the driveshaft (not illustrated) passes up through the discharge port to engage the lowest rotor. Between the individual disk-pack turbines there are driveshafts such as those illustrated in FIG. 7C that extend through the top rotating rotor/disk of the lower disk-pack turbine to the bottom rotor of the higher disk-pack turbine or alternatively there are a plurality of impellers between each pair of disks that are not mounted to the housing. The driveshafts 312B will connect to the rotating disk via support members to allow for the flow of fluid through the expansion chamber. FIG. 7C illustrates a partial cross-section of a multi-stage system with a disk- pack turbine 250D' and a second disk-pack turbine 250B' that are similar to the disk-pack turbines discussed in connection with FIGs. 8A and 8B except there is no flange depicted on the top rotor and the bottom of the expansion chambers is provided by a concave feature 3122B and 3214B incorporated into the driveshaft 312B. Below each disk-pack turbine is a discharge module that includes discharge ports 232' in a top surface to funnel the captured gas through discharge outlet 2322' into the next stage or the discharge port of the system.

[0061] FIG. 8A illustrates a cross-sectional and conceptual view of an example of a multi-stage stacked waveform disk system in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. The illustrated multi-stage system includes a plurality of stacked disk-pack turbines 250B-250D that are designed to first expand/dissociate and then compress/concentrate the charging media through the expansion chamber and the disk chambers in each disk-pack turbine. In an alternative embodiment, additional ports are added around the periphery at one or more of the stages to allow material (or fluid) to be added or material to be recovered/removed from the system.

[0062] Disk-pack turbine 250B is an expansive waveform disk-pack turbine and includes multiple waveform channels. Disk-pack turbine 250C is a second stage concentrating/compressive waveform disk-pack turbine, because compared to the first disk-pack turbine 250B in the system there are fewer chambers available. Disk-pack turbine 250D is a third stage concentrating/compressive waveform disk- pack turbine that provides an example of just a pair of rotors with one chamber between them resulting in compression compared to the prior disk-pack turbine 250C. The illustrated system includes an intake chamber 130B in fluid communication with the expansion chamber 252B. The expansion chamber 252B is formed by openings in the center of the plurality of rotors 264B, 266B and disks 260B that form disk- pack turbine 250B. The bottom rotors 266B-266D in disk-pack turbines 250B-250D, respectively, are solid and do not have an opening in the center, but instead include a bottom concave feature 2522B, 2522C, 2522D that forms the bottom of the expansion chamber 252B. The solid bottom rotors 266B- 266D prevent fluid from flowing completely through the center of the disk-pack turbine 250B-250D and encourage the fluid to be distributed into the various disk chambers 262 within the disk-pack turbines 250B-250D such that the fluid flows from the center to the periphery. Each of the top rotors 264B-264D in disk-pack turbines 250B-250D includes lips 2646 that substantially seal the perimeter of the top disk with a housing 220. The lips 2646 thereby encourage fluid to flow within discharge channels 253B-253D. Discharge channel 253B connects disk-pack turbine 250B and the expansion chamber of disk-pack turbine 250C in fluid communication. Discharge channel 253C connects disk-pack turbine 250C and the expansion chamber 252B of disk-pack turbine 250B in fluid communication. Discharge channel 253D connects disk-pack turbine 250D in fluid communication with fluid outlet 232B. In an alternative embodiment, the top rotors do not rotate and are attached to the housing to form the seals.

[0063] FIG. 8B illustrates a cross-sectional view of another example of a multi-stage stacked waveform disk system in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. The multi-stage system of this embodiment includes a plurality of disk-pack turbines. The illustrated disk-pack turbines 250D, 250C, 250B are taken from the previous embodiment illustrated in FIG.8A7 and have been reordered to provide a further example of the flexibility provided by at least one embodiment of the invention. As the disk-pack turbines 250D, 250C, 250B are arranged to provide for a cascading of expansion and reduction in pressure as the material being processes passes through the system. Refrigeration capacity is approximately proportional to the pressure difference between atmospheric pressure minus the pressure value of depressed air and equals the cooling differential.

[0064] In a further embodiment, the disk-pack turbines can be designed with wholly compressive geometries for accomplishing the compression of a refrigerant gas necessary for systemic transition to liquid state for cooling via cyclical re-expansion of the liquid to gas.

[0065] In a further embodiment to the above multi-stage embodiments, the air processed may be re-circulated through the system and/or through additional units to provide additional cooling benefits realized from the "Joule Thompson Effect", which provides that as air is progressively cooled and the air entrance temperature continues to drop, the cooling effect is magnified.

[0066] In a further embodiment to the above multi-stage embodiments, the compressive geometry of the waveforms will incorporate larger waveform inlet geometry tapering/narrowing toward the periphery and/or diminishing waveform amplitude and disk-to-disk tolerances. In further embodiments, this concept is used in the following discussed waveform disk examples.

E. Waveform Disk Examples

[0067] An example of the rotors 264A, 266A of the disk-pack turbine 250A is illustrated in FIGs. 9A- 9C. FIG. 9A illustrates the top of the disk-pack turbine 250A, FIG. 9B illustrates the bottom face of the upper rotor 264A, and FIG. 9C illustrates the top face of the lower rotor 266A. The illustrated waveform pattern includes a sinusoidal ridge 2642A and a circular ridge 2646A. The lower rotor 266A includes a circular outer face ridge 2668A. Also, illustrated is an example of mounting holes 2502A for assembling the disk-pack turbine 250A. In an alternative embodiment, the wave patterns are switched between the upper rotor 264A and the bottom rotor 266A.

[0068] The previously described waveforms and the one illustrated in FIGs. 9B and 9C are examples of the possibilities for their structure. The waveform patterns increase the surface area in which the charging media and fields pass over and through during operation of the system. It is believed the increased surface area as alluded to earlier in this disclosure provides an area in which the environmental fields in the atmosphere are screened in such a way as to provide a magnetic field in the presence of a magnet. This is even true when the waveform disk is stationary and a magnet is passed over its surface (either the waveform side or back side of the waveform disk), and the ebbs and flow of the magnetic field track the waveform patterns on the disk, manifesting in at least one embodiment as strong, geometric eddy currents/geometric molasses .

[0069] As discussed above, the waveform disks include a plurality of radii, grooves and ridges that in most embodiments are complimentary to each other when present on opposing surfaces. In at least one embodiment, the height in the vertical axis and/or the depth measured along a radius of the disk chambers vary along a radius as illustrated, for example, in FIG. 10D. In at least one embodiment, when a disk surface with the waveforms on it is viewed looking towards the waveforms, the waveforms take a variety of shapes that radiate from the opening that passes through (or the ridge feature on) the disk. In at least one embodiment, the number of peaks for each level of waveforms progressing out from the center increases, which in a further embodiment includes a multiplier selected from a range of 2 to 8 and more particularly in at least one embodiment is 2. In at least one embodiment, the number of peaks for each level of waveforms progressing out from the center stays the same or increases by a multiplier. In at least one embodiment, the multiplier is selected to amplify and compound internal and external energy interactions and production.

[0070] FIGs. 10A-10D illustrate a pair of waveform disks that can be mated together with a pair of rotors. FIG. 10A illustrates the top of a disk-pack turbine 250E with a top rotor 264E with an opening into the expansion chamber 2522E. FIGs. 10B and 10C illustrate a pair of mated disks for use in power generation according to the invention. The disks are considered to be mated because they fit together as depicted in FIG. 10D, because a disk channel (or chamber) 262E is formed between them while allowing fluid to pass between the disks 260E. FIG. 10D illustrates an example of the mated disks 260E placed between a top rotor 264E and a bottom rotor 266E with bolts attaching the components together around the periphery. The bolts in at least one embodiment pass through a nylon (or similar material) tube and the spacers are nylon rings. Based on this disclosure, it should be understood that at least one rotor could be integrally manufactured with at least one waveform disk.

[0071] FIGs. 1 1A-1 1 E illustrate a variety of additional waveform examples. The illustrated plates 260G include two different waveforms. The first waveform is a circular waveform 2646G in the center and around the periphery. The second waveform 2642G is a biaxial, sinocircular, progressive waveform located between the two sets of circular waveforms. The illustrated disks mate together to form the disk channels 262G that extend out from an expansion chamber 252G discussed previously. Each of the disks 260G includes a plurality of assembly flanges 2629G for mounting impellers between the disks.

[0072] FIG. 1 1A illustrates an example combination of biaxial, sinocircular, progressive, and concentric sinusoidal progressive waveform geometry on a disk 260G according to the invention. FIG. 1 1 B and 1 1 C illustrate respectively the opposing sides of the middle disk 260G. FIG. 1 1 D illustrates the top surface of the bottom disk 260G. FIG. 1 1 E illustrates how the three disks fit together to form the disk chambers 262G and the expansion chamber 252G of a disk-pack turbine. In an alternative embodiment, one or more of the circular waveforms is modified to include a plurality of biaxial segments.

[0073] FIG. 12 illustrates an example of a center disk incorporating varied biaxial geometries between two sets of circular waveforms according to the invention.

[0074] FIGs. 13A-13D illustrate a two disk disk-pack turbine 250H. FIG. 13A illustrates the top of the disk-pack turbine 250H with an expansion chamber 252H. FIG. 13B illustrates the bottom surface of the top disk 264H. FIG. 13C illustrates the top surface of the bottom disk 266H including the concave feature 2522H that provides the bottom of the expansion chamber 252H in the disk-pack turbine 250H. FIG. 13D illustrates the bottom of the disk-pack turbine 250H including an example of a motor mount 2662H. The illustrated waveforms are circular, but as discussed previously a variety of waveforms including hyperbolic waveforms can be substituted for the illustrated circular waveforms.

[0075] FIG. 14 illustrates another example of a disk-pack turbine 250I with a top rotor 264I, a disk 260I, and a bottom rotor 266I. The top rotor 264I and the disk 260I are shown in cross-section with the plane taken through the middle of the components. FIG. 14 also illustrates an embodiment where the components are attached around the periphery of the opening that defines the expansion chamber 250I through mounting holes 2502I. Each of the waveform patterns on the top rotor 264I, the disk 260I, and the bottom rotor 266I includes two sets of circular waveforms 2646I and one set of hyperbolic waveforms 2642I. [0076] FIGs. 15A-15C illustrate another example of a disk-pack turbine 250J with a top rotor 264J and a bottom rotor 266J. FIGs. 15A and 15B illustrate perspective views of the rotors spaced apart from each other. FIG. 15C illustrates a cross-section view of the rotors along a diameter with the rotors spaced apart from each other. The illustrated waveform patterns on the rotors 264J, 266J provide an example of progressive, compressive, concentric waveform geometries. The bottom rotor 266J illustrates another example of a concave feature 2522J for the bottom of the expansion chamber 252J.

[0077] FIGs. 17A and 17B illustrate a pair of perspective and enlarged views of a part of a bottom disk illustrated in FIG. 2C. In at least one embodiment, at least one ridge includes a back channel 2648J illustrated in, for example, FIGs. 17A and 17B formed into the outer side of the ridge that together with the complementary groove on the adjoining disk form (or define) an area (or cavity) having a vertical oval cross-section. The back channel 2648J in at least one embodiment acts as a check and limits the axial backflow of material through the disk-pack thus providing additional compression of the material exiting the periphery of the disk-pack turbine.

[0078] In a further embodiment, the disk-pack turbine includes an upper rotor and a bottom rotor that have the complimentary waveform patterns on them, for example, illustrated in FIG. 4. In a further embodiment, the diameter of the disk-pack turbine is on the order of approximately three feet. In yet a further embodiment, the rotors and/or disks are manufactured with plastic.

[0079] In at least one embodiment, the disk surfaces having waveforms present on it eliminates almost all right angles and flat surfaces from the surface such that the surface includes a continuously curved face.

[0080] In at least one embodiment, one or more waveform disks used in a system include other surface features in addition to the waveforms.

[0081] Based on this disclosure, it should be appreciated that the described motor mounts could be modified to work with a rotor having an axially centered opening. The illustrated waveforms can be used on the different illustrated rotors and/or disks. In at least one embodiment, the waveforms are incorporated into one or more rotors instead of having the rotors nest a disk.

[0082] In a further embodiment, the orientation of the system is reversed where the motor and the driveshaft are above the disk pack turbine or there is a horizontal alignment. Based on this disclosure, it should be understood other orientations are possible with, for example, the axial center being angled relative to the horizon (or a horizontal plane).

F. Indirect Cooling Embodiment

[0083] This example embodiment replaces the distribution system illustrated in FIG. 1 B with a coil such that the air discharged from the system passes through the coils and return to the compressor and/or the intake module. The air pulled from the interior space being conditioned passes over and/or through the coils to provide for a heat exchange between the air in the coils and the interior space air. In a still further embodiment, the distribution system 90 is a set of coils present in appliances that heat or cool. Examples of heating appliances include but are not limited to ovens (e.g., the coils would be present around the outside of the cavity), stoves (e.g., the coils would be the elements), hot water heaters (e.g., the coils would be the heating element in current hot water heaters), pool or spa heaters (e.g., the coils would heat the water passing through the coils) where the hot side of the system would be sent to the distribution system. An example of a cooling appliance includes but is not limited to a refrigerator and/or a freezer where the cool side of the system would be sent to the distribution system to be supplied to coils present in refrigerators and/or freezers. In a further embodiment, the illustrated valve of FIG. 1 B is omitted from this indirect cooling embodiment.

G. Supplemental Power Generation

[0084] In a further embodiment to the prior described embodiments, the system includes at least one coil disk and one magnet plate that interact with the disk-pack turbine. The coil disk during operation will produce current from the magnetic field created between the rotating disk-pack turbine and the magnet plate, the produced current in turn can be used to run the drive system and optional compressor of the previously described embodiments. In a further embodiment, the power generated can be used to run other electrical devices instead of the system or in addition to the system. In at least one embodiment where the coil disk and magnet plate are above the disk-pack turbine, the housing uses the coil disk as the top of the housing.

[0085] FIG. 16 provides an example of an embodiment where there are two magnet plates 502, 504 and two coil disks 512, 512'; however, to simplify the drawing the housing has been omitted and there are not separate components for the inlet and the second discharge port. Based on this disclosure, it should be appreciated that one of the magnet plate and coil disk could be omitted. Based on this disclosure, it should be appreciated that the magnet plate and coil disk examples can apply to both sets. The housing in at least one embodiment would incorporate the illustrated support frame 600. FIG. 16 illustrates an embodiment that uses, for example, the disk-pack turbine illustrated in FIGs. 10A-10D.

[0086] More particularly, FIG. 16 illustrates the intake module having a feed housing 126E that passes through a collar housing 125E and a magnet plate 502, which is positioned and in rotational engagement with the collar housing 125E. The feed housing 126E is in rotational engagement through bearings with the collar housing 125E. The collar housing 125E is supported by a bearing that is supported by the disk-pack turbine 250E.

[0087] The magnet plate 502 includes a first array of six magnets (not shown) attached to or embedded in it that in the illustrated embodiment. In another embodiment, the number of magnets is determined based on the number of phases and the number of coils such that the magnets of the same polarity pass over each of coils in each phase-set geometrically at the exact moment of passage. The magnet plate 502 in at least one alternative embodiment includes a plurality of magnetic regions/areas within it. The magnetic regions and/or magnets are spaced apart from each other. Alternatively, the magnet plate 502 includes (or is replaced by) a magnet ring with multiple polarity regions on it such as at least one of North-South alternating regions or North/South areas spaced apart. The magnet plate 502 in at least one embodiment is electrically isolated from the feed housing 126E and the rest of system via, for example, electrically insulated/non-conducting bearings (not shown). The upper plate 502 is able to freely rotate about the center axis of the disk-pack turbine 250E by way of the collar housing 125E made from, for example, aluminum which is bolted to the top of the upper round plate 502 and has two centrally located ball bearing assemblies, an upper bearing and a lower bearing, that slide over the central feed housing 126E, which serves as a support shaft. The distance of separation between the magnet plate 502 and the top of the disk-pack turbine 250E is maintained, for example, by a mechanical set collar, shims, or spacers. In an alternative embodiment, the magnet plate 502 (or 504) includes a magnet ring with at least one of North-South alternating regions or North/South areas spaced apart.

[0088] During operation, the first array of magnets is in magnetic and/or flux communication with a plurality of coils 512 present on or in a stationary non-conductive disk (or platform) 510. The coil platform 510 is supported by support members 604 attached to the frame 600 in a position between the array of magnets and the disk-pack turbine 250E. The platform 510 in the illustrated embodiment is electrically isolated from the rest of the system. In at least one embodiment, the platform 510 is manufactured from Plexiglas, plastic, phenolic or a similarly electrically inert material or carbon fiber.

[0089] A disk-pack turbine 250E is in rotational engagement with the feed chamber 138E. As with the other embodiments, the disk-pack turbine 250E includes an expansion chamber that is in fluid communication with the intake chamber 130E to establish a fluid pathway from the inlets to the at least one disk chamber, but the illustrated disk-pack turbine 250E includes a pair of disk chambers with one each between the respective pairs of mated disks 260E. The illustrated embodiment includes two pairs of mated disks 260E sandwiched by a pair of rotors 264E, 266E where the disks 260E and the top rotor 264E each includes an opening passing therethrough and the bottom rotor 266E includes a rigid feature that together define the expansion chamber 252E. The disk chambers 262 in the illustrated embodiment are present between the two disks in each mated pair with slightly paraboloid shaped surfaces (although they could be tapered or flat) being present between the neighboring disks, where the bottom disk of the top mated disk pair and the top disk of the bottom mated disk pair are the neighboring disks. Each disk 260E of the mated pairs of disks is formed of complimentary non-magnetic materials by classification, such that the mated pair incorporating internal hyperbolic relational waveform geometries creates a disk that causes lines of magnetic flux to be looped into a field of powerful diamagnetic tori and repelled by the disk. An example of material to place between the mated disk pairs is phenolic cut into a ring shape to match the shape of the disks.

[0090] In the illustrated embodiment, the bottom rotor 266E provides the interface with the drive system 314E. In at least one embodiment, the rotors will be directly connected to the respective disks without electrically isolating the rotor from the nested disk. In another embodiment, the disks are electrically isolated from the rotor nesting the disk. The illustrated configuration provides for flexibility in changing disks 260E into and out of the disk-pack turbine 250E and/or rearranging the disks 260E.

[0091] A lower coil platform 510' may also be attached to the frame 600 with a plurality of support members 604. The lower platform 510' includes a second array of coils 512' adjacent and below the disk- pack turbine 250E. An optional second array of six magnets (not shown) present in magnet plate 504 are illustrated as being in rotational engagement of a drive shaft 314E that drives the rotation of the disk-pack turbine 250E, but the bottom magnet plate 504 in at least one embodiment is in free rotation about the drive shaft 314E using, for example, a bearing. The drive shaft 314E is driven by a motor, for example, either directly or via a mechanical or magnetic coupling.

[0092] Each of the first array of coils 512 and the second array of coils 512' are interconnected to form a phased array such as a three or four phase arrangement with 9 and 12 coils, respectively. Each coil set includes a junction box that provides a neutral/common to all of the coils present on the coil disk 510 and provision for Earth/ground. Although not illustrated, it should be understood based on this disclosure that there are a variety of ways to interconnect the coils to form multiple phases in wye or delta or even a single phase by connecting coils in series or parallel. As illustrated, for each coil, there are a pair of junction points that are used to connect to common and positive and as illustrated the left box 5124 attaches to electrical power out while the right box 5126 connects to neutral/common.

[0093] In at least one embodiment with a three phase arrangement, the coils for each phase are separated by 120 degrees with the magnets in the magnet plate spaced every 60 degrees around the magnet plate. The first array of magnets, the first array of coils 512, the second array of coils 512', and second array of magnets should each be arranged in a pattern substantially within the vertical circumference of the disk-pack turbine 250E, e.g., in circular patterns or staggered circular patterns of a substantially similar diameter as the disks 160E. In another embodiment, there are multiple coil platforms and/or coil arrays between the disk-pack turbine and the magnet plate.

[0094] The illustrated lower magnet plate 504 has a central hub bolted to it which also houses two ball bearing assemblies, which are slid over the main spindle drive shaft 314E before the disk-pack turbine 250E is attached. This allows the lower magnet plate 504 to freely rotate about the center axis of the system and the distance of separation between the lower plate 504E and disk-pack turbine 250E is maintained, for example, by a mechanical set collar, spacers, and/or shims or the height of the driveshaft 314E.

[0095] Suitable magnets for use in at least one embodiment of the invention are rare earth and/or electromagnets. An example is using three inch disk type rare earth magnets rated at 140 pounds and in further embodiments magnets rated at 400 pounds are used; but based on this disclosure it should be understood that a variety of magnet strengths may be used. Depending on the construction used, all may be North magnets, South magnets, or a combination such as alternating magnets. In at least one embodiment, all metallic system components, e.g., frame 600, magnet plates 502, 504, are formed of non-magnetic or very low magnetic material with other system components, e.g., bearings, spacers, tubing, etc., are preferably formed of non-magnetic materials. The system, including frame 600 and lower platform 504, in at least one embodiment are electrically grounded (Earth). In a further embodiment, all movable components, particularly including chamber housing 120E and individual components of the disk-pack turbine 250E, are all electrically isolated by insulators such as non-conductive ceramic or phenolic bearings, and/or spacers.

H. Prototype Testing

[0096] The rotors 264J, 266J illustrated in FIGs. 15A-15C were used to investigate theories related to cooling and/or heating of ambient atmospheric air. It was quickly determined these rotors were capable of generating simultaneous centrifugal and centripetal/axial air flows, which also resulted in what may be referred to as high side/hot and low side/cold differentiated streams. Initially starting with an ambient air temperature of 86 degrees, a small temperature differential was observed: 84.5 degrees on the high side versus 79 degrees on the low side. Disk separation tolerances were adjusted and varying speed ranges were established for the purpose of observing differences in results as related to flow, volume, pressure, and temperature changes. With no change to the rotor design, maximum observed temperature differentials were 20 degrees Fahrenheit at a differential pressure between hot and cold side of 12 PSI.

[0097] A small back channel/wave 2648J as illustrated in FIG. 17 was added to the inner side of each of the concentric waveform rings with the idea that this could increase axial/centripetal flow characteristics, the desire being to increase low side/cold flows with axial discharge. This change resulted in a substantial increase in temperature differentials and a near doubling of obtainable operational differential pressures. An example of this is that ambient air with a temperature of 84.5 degrees Fahrenheit was instantaneously processed into two individuated flows: a peripheral discharge with a temperature of 66 degrees Fahrenheit and an axial discharge with a temperature of 48 degrees Fahrenheit. In other testing, peripheral discharges have reached a high side temperature of approximately 145 degrees Fahrenheit. Peripheral discharges occur through the openings in the peripheral case (and on out through the connection points of the vessel) such as that illustrated in, for example, FIG. 18, while the axial discharges are back out through the vortex induction chamber and the charging media inlets.

[0098] Next, the same slightly modified rotor was used in a closed loop system utilizing shop compressed air as a virtual refrigerant. Supplemental equipment included copper coils, valves, manifolds and chambers constructed of PVC, etc. as depicted in FIG. 18, which depicts a testing system with a housing 210T, which was manufactured from stainless steel, having a plurality of possible discharge ports 232T around its periphery and an intake chamber 130T. The illustrated system had one discharge port 232T connected through tubing 92T and pressure chamber 93T to the intake chamber 130T. Based on this disclosure, it should be appreciated that the discharge port 232T could instead be connected to a distribution system instead. The illustrated system running under pressure of between 20 and 80 PSI compressed air achieved additional differential pressures of approximately 20 to 40 PSI. An example using compressed air at approximately 60 PSI resulted in a peripheral discharge pressure of approximately 80 PSI and an axial pressure of approximately 40 PSI; while the air temperature discharging at the periphery was approximately 1 10 degrees Fahrenheit and the air temperature at the axis was approximately 44 degrees Fahrenheit.

[0099] Operating under pressure, the process is extremely speed-sensitive. Pressures and temperatures can literally be inverted at specific operational speeds, at times resulting in substantially low pressure on one side of the system versus comparatively high pressure on the opposite side. An example of this is the rotor speed at 3,600 rpm produces a vessel pressure of 22 PSI and an axial pressure at 14 PSI; but altering the rotor speed to 3,640 rpm the pressure suddenly dropped to 4 PSI in the vessel and rose to 24 PSI at the axis (formerly low) side of the system.

[0100] The tables depicted in FIGs. 19-24 include pressure readings in PSI and Fahrenheit temperatures.

[0101] The data illustrated in the table shown in FIG. 19 is from a system that received compressed air supplied through a valve at the inlet of the intake chamber, which included a vortex chamber, located above the disk-pack turbine. The discharged gas temperatures were measured from a port located along the periphery of the housing (see, e.g., discharge port 232 in FIG. 18). The system had three discharge ports that were opened to a degree that allowed for maintaining internal system pressures, while continuously discharging from both operating outlet valves. The side of the system would be considered to be the High/Hot side operates at an accumulated pressure which is significantly higher than the Low/Cold side. The pressure differentials can vary from a few pounds of air pressure to very significant differentials. An example of this is that compressed air provided at 20 PSI with the disk-pack turbine rotating at 4180 RPM, the housing (or turbine) pressure was 2 PSI, the intake chamber pressure was 34 PSI, the gas temperature at the discharge through the upper part of the system was 145 degrees Fahrenheit while the gas temperature at the discharge port was 42.5 degrees Fahrenheit. Depending on the operating speeds either the intake port (second discharge port) or the housing discharge port will be the High side of the system and can switch within a very narrow 3-4 RPM range, causing the dominant flow direction to become either centrifugal toward the periphery or centripetal toward the axis. The data shown in FIG. 19 was based on a run time of 10 minutes with the exception of run 3, which was a 5 minute static run. [0102] FIG. 20 is a table with data gathered from a clockwise test run that had the system include a return loop between the first discharge port from the housing to the inlet of the intake chamber through ½" copper tubing with a discharge vessel constructed out of 3" diameter by 12" length of PVC pipe, split down the center to create two 6" inch sections, which were rejoined via the use of a 3" by 3" by ½" PVC - T fitting, with the 1/2" center outlet providing the connection for a 1/2" ball valve discharge outlet. The 3" pipe caps were drilled and tapped at the ends for connection of the 1/2" copper tubing and fittings connected to secondary outlets located on the two chambers. This served to mix the product of both sides of the system. The test runs were again for 10 minutes with the exception of the second test run, which was a 5 minute static test prior to discharge. FIG. 21 is a table with data from a clockwise test with communicated mixing taken at 10 minutes. FIG. 22 is a table with data from a counterclockwise test.

[0103] FIG. 23 is a table with data from a counterclockwise rotation and the feed into the system was through a discharge port 232 on the side of the housing with the fourth test run being a 5 minute static test and the supplied compressed air temperature was approximately 77 degrees Fahrenheit. FIG. 24 is a table with data from a clockwise rotation and notice the difference of only 3 RPM and the impact on the temperature at the second discharge port.

[0104] To run the system naturally aspirated, the inlets are open to the environment to receive the ambient air and a ported ring is installed at the base of what is the intake chamber. This results in the intake air entering predominantly through the ported ring directly into the disk-pack turbine. The more that the outflow is restricted from the first discharge ports by, for example, maintaining a back-pressure of 12 to 20 PSI, the higher the discharge temperature at the first discharge ports. On at least one occasion, the temperature has approached 145 degrees Fahrenheit with the cold product exits through the second discharge ports at a low pressure and temperatures reaching around 45 degrees Fahrenheit.

[0105] The system also has been run with unobstructed through-flow which results in the either the intake side or housing discharge side producing the hot or cold flows depending completely on speed of rotation. The system will switch from predominantly centrifugal to centripetal and back. Under these conditions the flows are powerfully vibratory and can become profoundly loud. With ambient temperatures in the low eighties Fahrenheit, the discharge temperatures have been produced in the high nineties Fahrenheit with low temperatures in the mid-fifties Fahrenheit. Typically, the warm flow discharges through the intake (i.e., second discharge port) at most speed ranges, with the cool hyper- expanded gases flowing out through the housing chamber (i.e., first discharge port).

I. Conclusion

[0106] While the invention has been described with reference to certain preferred embodiments, numerous changes, alterations and modifications to the described embodiments are possible without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, as defined in the appended claims and equivalents thereof. The number, location, and configuration of disks and/or rotors described above and illustrated are examples and for illustration only. Further, the terms disks and rotors are used interchangeably throughout the detailed description without departing from the invention.

[0107] The example and alternative embodiments described above may be combined in a variety of ways with each other without departing from the invention.

[0108] As used above "substantially," "generally," and other words of degree are relative modifiers intended to indicate permissible variation from the characteristic so modified. It is not intended to be limited to the absolute value or characteristic which it modifies but rather possessing more of the physical or functional characteristic than its opposite, and preferably, approaching or approximating such a physical or functional characteristic.

[0109] The foregoing description describes different components of embodiments being "connected" to other components. These connections include physical connections, fluid connections, magnetic connections, flux connections, and other types of connections capable of transmitting and sensing physical phenomena between the components.

[0110] The foregoing description describes different components of embodiments being "in fluid communication" to other components. "In fluid communication" includes the ability for fluid to travel from one component/chamber to another component/chamber.

[0111] Although the present invention has been described in terms of particular embodiments, it is not limited to those embodiments. Alternative embodiments, examples, and modifications which would still be encompassed by the invention may be made by those skilled in the art, particularly in light of the foregoing teachings.

[0112] Those skilled in the art will appreciate that various adaptations and modifications of the embodiments described above can be configured without departing from the scope and spirit of the invention. Therefore, it is to be understood that, within the scope of the appended claims, the invention may be practiced other than as specifically described herein.

Claims

IN THE CLAIMS: I claim:

1. A temperature conditioning system comprising:

a housing having a first discharge port;

at least one feed inlet with a second discharge port;

a plurality of waveform rotors and/or disk(s) in fluid communication with said at least one feed inlet and located within said housing, said plurality of waveform rotors and/or disk(s) each having an opening passing therethrough forming an axially centered expansion chamber; and

a drive system connected to said plurality of waveform rotors and/or disk(s), and

wherein at least one of said first discharge port and said second discharge port is capable of fluid communication with a distribution system.

2. The system according to claim 1 , further comprising a compressor in fluid communication with said at least one feed inlet.

3. The system according to claim 1 or 2, further comprising a distribution system in fluid communication with at least one of said first discharge port and said second discharge port.

4. The system according to claim 3, further comprising at least one valve controlling a flow from said first discharge port and said second discharge port to said distribution system.

5. The system according to claim 3, further comprising

a supplementary intake, and

at least one valve controlling a flow from at least two of said first discharge port, said second discharge port and said supplementary intake to said distribution system.

6. The system according to any one of claims 1-5, further comprising:

a second housing with a third discharge port;

a second feed inlet with a fourth discharge port, said second feed inlet in fluid communication with at least one of said first discharge port and said second discharge port; and

a second plurality of waveform rotors and/or disk(s) in fluid communication with said at least one feed inlet and located within said housing, said plurality of waveform rotors and/or disk(s) each having an opening passing therethrough forming an axially centered expansion chamber.

7. The system according to any one of claims 1-6, further comprising:

at least one coil array in magnetic communication with said plurality of waveform disks; and at least one magnet plate rotatable about said feed inlet, wherein said disk includes an array of magnets where one of said at least one coil array is between one of said at least one magnet plate and said plurality of waveform rotors and/or disk(s).

8. The system according to claim 7, further comprising energy collection means in communication with said at least one coil array.

9. The system according to any one of claims 1 -8, wherein said plurality of waveform rotors and/or disks includes at least one set of mated disks.

10. The system according to any one of claims 1 -9, wherein said plurality of waveform rotors and/or disks includes waveforms formed on at least one surface.

1 1. The system according to claim 10, wherein said waveforms are hyperbolic.

12. The system according to claim 1 1 , wherein said hyperbolic waveforms are selected from the group including biaxial and multi-axial sinusoidal waveforms.

13. The system according to any one of claims 1-12, wherein said expansion chamber includes a converging portion and a diverging portion.

14. The system according to any one of claims 1-13, wherein said plurality of waveform rotors and/or disks is part of a disk-pack turbine.

15. A system comprising:

a housing having a first discharge port;

an intake chamber having a second discharge port;

a disk-pack turbine disposed within said housing, said disk-pack turbine includes at least one disk having an opening in the center in fluid communication with said intake chamber; and

a drive system connected to said disk-pack turbine.

16. The system according to claim 15, further comprising a compressor in fluid communication with said at least one feed inlet.

17. The system according to claim 15 or 16, further comprising a distribution system in fluid communication with at least one of said first discharge port and said second discharge port.

18. The system according to claim 17, further comprising at least one valve controlling a flow from said first discharge port and said second discharge port to said distribution system.

19. The system according to claim 17, further comprising

a supplementary intake, and

20. The system according to any one of claims 15-19, wherein said disk-pack turbine includes an upper rotor, a lower rotor, and at least one center disk disposed between said upper rotor and said lower rotor.

21. The system according to any one of claims 15-20, wherein at least one of said upper rotor and said lower rotor include a waveform formed on at least one surface facing said at least one center disk;

a top disk chamber formed between said upper rotor and said at least one center disk; and a bottom disk chamber formed between said bottom rotor and said at least one center disk.

22. The system according to claim 21 , wherein said waveforms are hyperbolic.

23. A system comprising:

a housing having a first discharge port;

at least one feed inlet with a second discharge port and a vortex induction chamber,

a pair of rotors in rotational connection to said housing, said rotors forming at least a portion of an expansion chamber,

a disk mounted on each of said rotors, at least one disk chamber exists between said disks, and a motor connected to said rotors; and

a fluid pathway exists from said vortex induction chamber into said expansion chamber through said at least one disk chamber to said housing chamber and said first discharge port.

24. The system according to claim 23, further comprising at least one disk having a waveform pattern on each side of the disk and an opening axially centered passing therethrough, the opening aligned with an opening passing through the top rotor, the waveform patterns are complementary of waveforms on at least one of a neighboring disk and one of said pair of rotors.

25. The system according to claim 23 or 24, further comprising a compressor in fluid communication with said feed inlet.

26. The system according to any one of claims 23-25, further comprising a distribution system in fluid communication with at least one of said first discharge port and said second discharge port.

27. The system according to claim 26, further comprising at least one valve controlling a flow from said first discharge port and said second discharge port to said distribution system.

28. The system according to claim 26, further comprising

a supplementary intake, and

29. The system according to any one of claims 15-28, wherein the system is configured to have multiple stages of cooling and/or heating through connecting a respective discharge port to an inlet of the next stage system.

30. A temperature conditioning system comprising:

a housing having a first discharge port;

at least one feed inlet with a second discharge port;

a plurality of disk-pack turbines each having a plurality of waveform rotors and/or disk(s) in fluid communication with said at least one feed inlet and located within said housing, said plurality of waveform rotors and/or disk(s) each having an opening passing therethrough forming an axially centered expansion chamber, said top rotor and/or disk in each disk-pack turbine substantially seals against said housing; and

a drive system connected to said plurality of disk-pack turbines, and

31. The system according to claim 30, further comprising a compressor in fluid communication with said at least one feed inlet.

32. The system according to claim 30 or 31 , further comprising a distribution system in fluid communication with at least one of said first discharge port and said second discharge port.

33. The system according to claim 32, further comprising at least one valve controlling a flow from said first discharge port and said second discharge port to said distribution system.

34. The system according to claim 32, further comprising

a supplementary intake, and

35. The system according to any one of claims 30-34, wherein each rotor and/or disk has a substantially conical shape.

36. The system according to any one of claims 30-35, wherein below each disk-pack turbine is a chamber capable of allowing for the flow of air between said disk-pack turbine and at least one of another disk-pack turbine or said first discharge port.

37. A compression turbine comprising:

a housing having a first discharge port;

at least one feed inlet; a top waveform disk having a plurality of circular waveforms axially centered about an opening with said outermost waveform having a plurality of channels passing therethrough, wherein the opening is in fluid communication with said at least one feed inlet;

a bottom waveform disk having a plurality of circular waveforms axially centered about a concaved feature with said innermost waveform and said outermost waveform having a plurality of channels passing therethrough; and

38. The compression turbine according to claim 37, wherein said channels passing through said outermost waveforms of said top and bottom waveforms disks define impellers.

39. The compression turbine according to claim 37 or 38, wherein said channels spiral away from the center of the respective disk.

40. A method comprising:

driving a plurality of disks having mating waveforms,

feeding air into an expansion chamber defined by openings passing through a majority of the plurality of disks with the fluid flowing into spaces formed between the disks to cause the fluid to dissociate into separate components, and

discharging cooler or warmer air than the feed air, where the air is discharged from at least one of the periphery and/or axial center of the plurality of disks to a distribution system.

41. The method according to claim 40, further comprising preparing the air for feeding the expansion chamber.

42. The method according to claim 41 , wherein preparing includes pressurizing the air.

43. The method according to any one of claims 40-42, further comprising blending the air discharged from the periphery of the plurality of disks with at least one of air discharged from the center of the plurality of disks and environmental air, where blending occurs prior to distributing.

44. The method according to any one of claims 40-43, wherein the plurality of disks is part of a disk-pack turbine.