WO2013105064A1 - Manufactured product for jewellery and/or goldsmithery and/or costume jewellery, based on zirconium oxide and method for its realisation - Google Patents

Manufactured product for jewellery and/or goldsmithery and/or costume jewellery, based on zirconium oxide and method for its realisation Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2013105064A1
WO2013105064A1 PCT/IB2013/050281 IB2013050281W WO2013105064A1 WO 2013105064 A1 WO2013105064 A1 WO 2013105064A1 IB 2013050281 W IB2013050281 W IB 2013050281W WO 2013105064 A1 WO2013105064 A1 WO 2013105064A1
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Prior art keywords
manufactured product
oxide
jewellery
goldsmithery
costume
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PCT/IB2013/050281
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Diego BOTTENE
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Patros S.R.L.
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Publication of WO2013105064A1 publication Critical patent/WO2013105064A1/en

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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A44—HABERDASHERY; JEWELLERY
    • A44C—PERSONAL ADORNMENTS, e.g. JEWELLERY; COINS
    • A44C27/00—Making jewellery or other personal adornments
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
    • C04B35/01—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics
    • C04B35/48—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics based on zirconium or hafnium oxides, zirconates, zircon or hafnates
    • C04B35/486—Fine ceramics
    • C04B35/488—Composites
    • C04B35/4885—Composites with aluminium oxide
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A44—HABERDASHERY; JEWELLERY
    • A44C—PERSONAL ADORNMENTS, e.g. JEWELLERY; COINS
    • A44C27/00—Making jewellery or other personal adornments
    • A44C27/001—Materials for manufacturing jewellery
    • A44C27/002—Metallic materials
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
    • C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
    • C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
    • C04B2235/32—Metal oxides, mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
    • C04B2235/3205—Alkaline earth oxides or oxide forming salts thereof, e.g. beryllium oxide
    • C04B2235/3206—Magnesium oxides or oxide-forming salts thereof
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
    • C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
    • C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
    • C04B2235/32—Metal oxides, mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
    • C04B2235/3205—Alkaline earth oxides or oxide forming salts thereof, e.g. beryllium oxide
    • C04B2235/3208—Calcium oxide or oxide-forming salts thereof, e.g. lime
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
    • C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
    • C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
    • C04B2235/32—Metal oxides, mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
    • C04B2235/3224—Rare earth oxide or oxide forming salts thereof, e.g. scandium oxide
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
    • C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
    • C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
    • C04B2235/32—Metal oxides, mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
    • C04B2235/3224—Rare earth oxide or oxide forming salts thereof, e.g. scandium oxide
    • C04B2235/3225—Yttrium oxide or oxide-forming salts thereof
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
    • C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
    • C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
    • C04B2235/32—Metal oxides, mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
    • C04B2235/3224—Rare earth oxide or oxide forming salts thereof, e.g. scandium oxide
    • C04B2235/3229—Cerium oxides or oxide-forming salts thereof
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
    • C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
    • C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
    • C04B2235/32—Metal oxides, mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
    • C04B2235/3231—Refractory metal oxides, their mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof
    • C04B2235/3232—Titanium oxides or titanates, e.g. rutile or anatase
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
    • C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
    • C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
    • C04B2235/32—Metal oxides, mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
    • C04B2235/3231—Refractory metal oxides, their mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof
    • C04B2235/3258—Tungsten oxides, tungstates, or oxide-forming salts thereof
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
    • C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
    • C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
    • C04B2235/32—Metal oxides, mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
    • C04B2235/327—Iron group oxides, their mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof
    • C04B2235/3272—Iron oxides or oxide forming salts thereof, e.g. hematite, magnetite
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
    • C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
    • C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
    • C04B2235/32—Metal oxides, mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
    • C04B2235/3284—Zinc oxides, zincates, cadmium oxides, cadmiates, mercury oxides, mercurates or oxide forming salts thereof
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
    • C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
    • C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
    • C04B2235/34—Non-metal oxides, non-metal mixed oxides, or salts thereof that form the non-metal oxides upon heating, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
    • C04B2235/3418—Silicon oxide, silicic acids, or oxide forming salts thereof, e.g. silica sol, fused silica, silica fume, cristobalite, quartz or flint
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
    • C04B2235/70—Aspects relating to sintered or melt-casted ceramic products
    • C04B2235/96—Properties of ceramic products, e.g. mechanical properties such as strength, toughness, wear resistance
    • C04B2235/9646—Optical properties
    • C04B2235/9661—Colour

Definitions

  • the object of the present invention is a manufactured product for jewellery and/or goldsmithery and/or costume jewellery and the related method for producing it.
  • the present invention refers to a manufactured product for jewellery and/or precious adornments and/or costume jewellery made from a chemical composition comprising zirconium oxide and aluminium oxide at a percentage comprised between 10% and 48% over the total by weight of the composition.
  • Patent application WO 2011001368 describes an object equipped with a sintered decorative part obtained from a particular mixture having the following chemical composition: zirconium, oxides having a perovskite structure in a variable percentage of between 0.5% and 10%, a stabilizer selected from oxides r of yttrium, scandium, magnesium, calcium, cerium and mixtures thereof in a variable percentage of between 2% and 20%, less than 2% of a sintering additive selected from aluminium oxide, zinc oxide, titanium oxide and mixtures thereof and less than 2% of other oxides.
  • Patent application US 20070270304 describes a powder containing zirconium, aluminium oxide at a percentage comprised between 0.05% and 6% by weight, yttrium oxide in a percentage of between 3.6% and 7.1%. In this way, a sintered product of black zirconium is obtained. This application indicates not to increase the percentage of aluminium oxide in order to avoid a reduction in the resistance of folding.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to propose a manufactured product for jewellery and/or precious adornments and/or costume jewellery having low production costs, which are cheaper than conventional methods .
  • Another purpose of the present invention is to propose a manufactured product for jewellery and/or goldsmithery and/or costume jewellery that has a high mechanical resistance and a high surface hardness, in this way resisting scratching and knocking in general .
  • a further purpose of the present invention is to propose a manufactured product for jewellery and/or precious adornments and/or costume jewellery that is biocompatible and, therefore, also able to be used by people who suffer from metal allergies.
  • a further purpose of the present invention is to propose a manufactured product for jewellery and/or goldsmithery and/or costume jewellery having a low weight .
  • a further purpose of the present invention is to propose a manufactured product for jewellery and/or precious adornments and/or costume jewellery made from a base material that can easily be found on the market and that has low environmental impact.
  • a manufactured product for jewellery and/or goldsmithery and/or costume jewellery is foreseen according to claim 1.
  • a further purpose of the present invention is to have a method for making a manufactured product for jewellery and/or goldsmithery and/or costume jewellery according to the present invention having low production costs, which are cheaper than conventional methods.
  • a method for making a manufactured product for jewellery and/or precious adornments and/or costume jewellery is foreseen as specified in claim 19.
  • the manufactured product, according to the invention is shaped like a bracelet, a ring, a necklace, a pendant, an earring, a pin or any other jewel or object able to be used for jewellery and/or goldsmithery and/or costume jewellery.
  • Such manufactured products can be obtained in a single piece or they can be obtained by assembling many pieces together.
  • the manufactured products for jewellery and/or precious adornments and/or costume jewellery are made starting from a base material comprising zirconium oxide (also known as Zirconia) .
  • Such a base material can be in the form of powder or of a pre-sintered raw product.
  • the zirconia powders can have different grain dimensions and, in particular, different distributions of the grain dimensions, depending on the resistance characteristics that are intended to be given to the finished manufactured product "' .
  • pre-sintered raw products we mean the raw products formed from the zirconia powder and/or from the base material and/or from the composition of the manufactured product.
  • the manufacturing of such pre-sintered raw products foresees a first step of forming the zirconia powder and/or the base material and/or the composition of the manufactured product in special containers or moulds, followed by an axial pressing step, intended to give greater dimensional stability and homogeneity of the material constituting the raw product and, finally, a pre-sintering step.
  • the pressed zirconia powder and/or the pressed base material and/or the pressed composition of the manufactured product is heated with an optimised temperature profile in order to obtain a strong raw product that can be worked, for example, through milling or mechanical and manual processing in general.
  • the aforementioned forming step makes it possible to obtain a pre-sintered raw product that has substantially the end shape of the finished product.
  • further roughing and finishing processes for example through mechanical processing to be carried out on the raw product, are limited or, in some cases, unnecessary. By doing this the manufacturing costs of the manufactured product and the steps to be carried out during the production process itself are reduced.
  • the manufactured product according to the present invention comprises the following components: zirconium oxide, aluminium oxide, at least one stabilizing oxide, at least one other oxide.
  • the zirconium oxide has a concentration, of the total of the composition, that is between 51% and 85%.
  • the at least one stabilizing oxide comprises at least one oxide deriving from one of the following metals: yttrium, calcium, magnesium, scandium, titanium, zinc, carbon, tungsten, silicon, cerium, etc., or mixtures thereof.
  • the at least one stabilizing oxide has a concentration, of the total of the composition, that is less than 10%.
  • the yttrium oxide has a concentration of less than 6%.
  • the aluminium oxide has a concentration, of the total of the composition, that is between 10% and 48% or between 15% and 25% or 20%.
  • the at least one other oxide is hafnium oxide, iron oxide, titanium oxide, zinc oxide, carbon oxide, tungsten oxide, silicon oxide, cerium oxide, etc., or mixtures thereof.
  • the at least one other oxide has a concentration, of the total of the composition, of less than 5%.
  • hafnium oxide has a percentage of less than 5%; iron oxide has a percentage of less than 0.5%.
  • such a composition has a lower percentage of zirconium oxide and a higher percentage of aluminium oxide.
  • the percentage of zirconium oxide is about 20% lower than the conventional one, normally on sale, and the percentage of aluminium oxide is at least 15-20% higher than the conventional one.
  • Aluminium oxide increases the softness of the material, giving a series of advantages for processing, which will be described in greater detail hereafter .
  • the manufactured product according to the present invention has a high mechanical strength and a high surface hardness, in this way resisting scratching and knocks in general.
  • Such a composition moreover, allows the manufactured product according to the present invention to have a milky white colour that cannot be achieved through conventional zirconia compositions, in which the aluminium oxide has a very low percentage.
  • Conventional zirconia indeed, is vitreous, almost transparent, whereas the present invention makes it possible to obtain a full, dense colour that is highly appreciated in the field of jewellery and/or costume jewellery, to which the present invention belongs .
  • the colourings able to be made for the manufactured product according to the present invention are similar to natural colours; moreover, such colourings have a warmer tone with respect to that which can be obtained with conventional zirconia.
  • the manufactured product for jewellery and/or precious adornments and/or costume jewellery is obtained through a sintering process of the pre-sintered raw product described earlier.
  • This at least one polishing step can take place before and/or after the sintering step.
  • Such a sintering process comprises a step of heating the pre-sintered raw product to a temperature equal to about 2/3 the melting temperature of zirconium oxide. During such a step it is possible to reach temperature values up to about 1800 °C.
  • the step of heating the pre-sintered raw product comprises a series of heating cycles of the raw product itself following on from each other. Such cycles are carried out, for the same raw product, at different temperatures.
  • the manufactured product thus obtained is characterised by a low specific weight, which makes it possible to ensure a high feeling of comfort for the user who wears it.
  • the manufactured products thus obtained are a pleasant appearance: indeed, they have an extremely smooth surface. Moreover, such products have an appearance characterised by a special colouring given by the hard zirconium oxide itself, i.e. milky white, in other words an absolute white.
  • the manufactured product can be already coloured before processing, in other words the pre-sintered starting form can already itself be coloured, with any colour, through the use of dyeing oxides and/or agents, or pigments and/or ions or non-pigmented oxides or agents and/or other types of dyeing oxides and agents.
  • the manufactured product in pre- sintered state is coloured through impregnation in a dyeing liquid.
  • Such a dyeing liquid can contain different types of dyeing oxides and agents, for example in the form of grains (pigments) and/or of ions (non-pigmented oxides and agents) or other types of dyeing oxides and agents suitable for the purpose.
  • Such impregnation takes place by means of immersion of the manufactured product in a container containing the aforementioned liquid, leaving the manufactured product itself to rest for the time necessary to obtain the finished colouring.
  • the manufactured product is coloured through application of at least one dyed paste or dyeing oxides and agents, or pigments and/or ions or non-pigmented oxides and agents and/or other types of dyeing oxides and agents depending on the colouring that is intended to be obtained.
  • Such colouring comprising the application of at least one coloured paste or other types of dyeing agents and oxides onto the surface of the manufactured product and a step of polishing the surface itself.
  • the at least one coloured paste or other types of dyeing agents is applied onto the surface of the manufactured product through a felt or a cotton tampon or a similar element suitable for the purpose.
  • the at least one coloured paste or other types of dyeing agents is made to penetrate deep into the pores present at the surface of the manufactured product, giving it the desired colouring .
  • the finished manufactured product made from zirconium oxide comprises at least one insert applied onto the outer surface of the manufactured product itself.
  • the holes and the incisions made on it are made in the most suitable and safe way to allow the insertion and/or mounting of inserts.
  • Such holes and incisions cannot be made in traditional zirconia due to its hardness and the specific processing method.
  • the insert can be applied onto at least part of the outer surface of the manufactured product through welding or brazing or through gluing and/or mechanical coupling, for example by forming seats on the outer surface in which to insert pins or similar elements present in the insert.
  • the coupling can also be carried out by pressure.
  • the insert can also be a stove enamel and/or a lacquer and/or any other foreign body, be it solid or liquid .
  • the insert could be inserted inside micro-slits present on the outer surface of the manufactured product.
  • micro-slits can be caused through sudden cooling of the manufactured product after the heating step foreseen for the sintering of the manufactured product itself.
  • Such an insert can cover partially or completely cover the outer surface of the manufactured product.
  • Such an insert can be made from metallic material, for example gold and/or platinum and/or silver and/or other materials suitable for the purpose.
  • the manufactured product comprises at least one natural or synthesised stone mounted in the zirconium oxide structure and/or in the insert.
  • the present invention also refers to a method for making a manufactured product for jewellery and/or goldsmithery and/or costume jewellery described above .
  • the method for making a manufactured product for jewellery and/or precious adornments and/or costume jewellery comprises the steps of providing a base material consisting of zirconium oxide in the form of powder or a pre-sintered raw product, sintering the base material.
  • the step of providing a base material comprises the steps of positioning the base material in powder form in a container or in a mould, applying a pressure on the powder in the container or in the mould, suitable for giving dimensional stability and homogeneity to the base material, and of obtaining a formed raw product.
  • the method comprises a step of pre-sintering the formed raw product, obtaining a pre-sintered raw product.
  • the raw product thus obtained is processed, for example, through mechanical processing, in order to obtain a desired shape of the manufactured product.
  • the manufactured product according to the present invention can be processed with machine tools having low operating speeds. This is possible thanks to the particular chemical composition of the manufactured product according to the present invention.
  • the quantities that can be made in one day are also greater than those that can be obtained with traditional zirconia. Thanks to the composition of the present invention, it is possible to obtain industrial processing of such a manufactured product, in terms of costs and quantities, which are impossible using the conventional composition of zirconia itself.
  • composition of the manufactured product according to the present invention allows processing with a lathe. Such processing is not possible with conventional zirconia in which the only processing possible is milling, and not turning, in order to avoid the crumbling thereof. Moreover, turning greatly cuts production costs.
  • the sintering process comprises carrying out at least one or a series of heating cycles of the pre-sintered raw product at a temperature equal to about 2/3 of the melting temperature of the base material.
  • the melting temperature of zirconium oxide corresponds to about 2700°C.
  • the pre-sintering process of the manufactured product comprises a step of colouring the surface of the latter.
  • the colouring may not be just external but also insert inside the manufactured product.
  • Such a colouring step comprises colouring the manufactured product through impregnation in a dyeing liquid or through the use of coloured pastes or other types of dyeing oxides and agents suitable for modifying the colour of the manufactured product itself .
  • the present method comprises a further step of applying or partially or completely coating the outer surface of the manufactured product through an insert made from gold and/or platinum and/or silver and/or other metals and/or other materials suitable for the purpose.
  • the manufactured product according to the present invention has a high mechanical strength and, in particular, a high resistance to knocks and/or scratching .
  • the manufactured product according to the present invention being made from zirconium oxide, is biologically compatible and thus suitable for being work, even in contact with skin, by users that have allergies to metals or their alloys.

Abstract

A manufactured product for jewellery, precious adornments and/or costume jewellery and a method for making such a manufactured product, comprising a jewel made from hard zirconium oxide and aluminium oxide in a percentage comprised between 10% and 48%.

Description

"MANUFACTURED PRODUCT FOR JEWELLERY AND/OR
GOLDSMITHERY AND/OR COSTUME JEWELLERY, BASED ON ZIRCONIUM OXIDE AND METHOD FOR ITS REALISATION" Inventor: Bottene Diego
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The object of the present invention is a manufactured product for jewellery and/or goldsmithery and/or costume jewellery and the related method for producing it.
In particular, the present invention refers to a manufactured product for jewellery and/or precious adornments and/or costume jewellery made from a chemical composition comprising zirconium oxide and aluminium oxide at a percentage comprised between 10% and 48% over the total by weight of the composition.
' STATE OF THE ART
It is certainly well known that over the last decade that the decline of the jewellery industry, with particular reference to the Italian market, has been relentless .
Workers in the field, in order to tackle this difficulty, have been pushed to seek new solutions to overcome the crisis, for example through the application of alternative materials and the search for new markets, while waiting for the market to pick up again.
For example, steel, leather, rubber, wood, etc., have been the alternatives to gold that many jewellers have inserted in their works to make products that meet the approval of the market.
Alternatively, other materials such as titanium, glass and artificial stones, have been used to make and propose new objects capable of satisfying the tastes and meeting the requirements of customers.
Patent application WO 2011001368 describes an object equipped with a sintered decorative part obtained from a particular mixture having the following chemical composition: zirconium, oxides having a perovskite structure in a variable percentage of between 0.5% and 10%, a stabilizer selected from oxides r of yttrium, scandium, magnesium, calcium, cerium and mixtures thereof in a variable percentage of between 2% and 20%, less than 2% of a sintering additive selected from aluminium oxide, zinc oxide, titanium oxide and mixtures thereof and less than 2% of other oxides.
Patent application US 20070270304 describes a powder containing zirconium, aluminium oxide at a percentage comprised between 0.05% and 6% by weight, yttrium oxide in a percentage of between 3.6% and 7.1%. In this way, a sintered product of black zirconium is obtained. This application indicates not to increase the percentage of aluminium oxide in order to avoid a reduction in the resistance of folding.
PURPOSES OF THE INVENTION
The purpose of the present invention is to propose a manufactured product for jewellery and/or precious adornments and/or costume jewellery having low production costs, which are cheaper than conventional methods .
Another purpose of the present invention is to propose a manufactured product for jewellery and/or goldsmithery and/or costume jewellery that has a high mechanical resistance and a high surface hardness, in this way resisting scratching and knocking in general .
A further purpose of the present invention is to propose a manufactured product for jewellery and/or precious adornments and/or costume jewellery that is biocompatible and, therefore, also able to be used by people who suffer from metal allergies.
A further purpose of the present invention is to propose a manufactured product for jewellery and/or goldsmithery and/or costume jewellery having a low weight .
A further purpose of the present invention is to propose a manufactured product for jewellery and/or precious adornments and/or costume jewellery made from a base material that can easily be found on the market and that has low environmental impact.
In accordance with an aspect of the present invention a manufactured product for jewellery and/or goldsmithery and/or costume jewellery is foreseen according to claim 1.
A further purpose of the present invention is to have a method for making a manufactured product for jewellery and/or goldsmithery and/or costume jewellery according to the present invention having low production costs, which are cheaper than conventional methods.
According to an aspect of the present invention, a method for making a manufactured product for jewellery and/or precious adornments and/or costume jewellery is foreseen as specified in claim 19.
The dependent claims refer to preferred and advantageous embodiments of the invention.
EMBODIMENTS OF THE INVENTION
Further characteristics and advantages of the present invention shall become clearer from the detailed description of a preferred, but not exclusive, embodiment of a manufactured product for jewellery and/or precious adornments and/or costume jewellery and of a method for making it according to the invention.
The manufactured product, according to the invention is shaped like a bracelet, a ring, a necklace, a pendant, an earring, a pin or any other jewel or object able to be used for jewellery and/or goldsmithery and/or costume jewellery.
Such manufactured products can be obtained in a single piece or they can be obtained by assembling many pieces together.
The manufactured products for jewellery and/or precious adornments and/or costume jewellery are made starting from a base material comprising zirconium oxide (also known as Zirconia) .
Such a base material can be in the form of powder or of a pre-sintered raw product.
The zirconia powders can have different grain dimensions and, in particular, different distributions of the grain dimensions, depending on the resistance characteristics that are intended to be given to the finished manufactured product"'.
By the term pre-sintered raw products, we mean the raw products formed from the zirconia powder and/or from the base material and/or from the composition of the manufactured product.
The manufacturing of such pre-sintered raw products foresees a first step of forming the zirconia powder and/or the base material and/or the composition of the manufactured product in special containers or moulds, followed by an axial pressing step, intended to give greater dimensional stability and homogeneity of the material constituting the raw product and, finally, a pre-sintering step.
During such a pre-sintering step the pressed zirconia powder and/or the pressed base material and/or the pressed composition of the manufactured product is heated with an optimised temperature profile in order to obtain a strong raw product that can be worked, for example, through milling or mechanical and manual processing in general.
The aforementioned forming step makes it possible to obtain a pre-sintered raw product that has substantially the end shape of the finished product. In fact, further roughing and finishing processes, for example through mechanical processing to be carried out on the raw product, are limited or, in some cases, unnecessary. By doing this the manufacturing costs of the manufactured product and the steps to be carried out during the production process itself are reduced.
The manufactured product according to the present invention comprises the following components: zirconium oxide, aluminium oxide, at least one stabilizing oxide, at least one other oxide.
The zirconium oxide has a concentration, of the total of the composition, that is between 51% and 85%.
The at least one stabilizing oxide comprises at least one oxide deriving from one of the following metals: yttrium, calcium, magnesium, scandium, titanium, zinc, carbon, tungsten, silicon, cerium, etc., or mixtures thereof.
The at least one stabilizing oxide has a concentration, of the total of the composition, that is less than 10%.
In particular, the yttrium oxide has a concentration of less than 6%.
The aluminium oxide has a concentration, of the total of the composition, that is between 10% and 48% or between 15% and 25% or 20%.
The at least one other oxide is hafnium oxide, iron oxide, titanium oxide, zinc oxide, carbon oxide, tungsten oxide, silicon oxide, cerium oxide, etc., or mixtures thereof.
The at least one other oxide has a concentration, of the total of the composition, of less than 5%.
In particular, hafnium oxide has a percentage of less than 5%; iron oxide has a percentage of less than 0.5%.
With respect to the zirconia usually found on the market, for example for dental use, such a composition has a lower percentage of zirconium oxide and a higher percentage of aluminium oxide.
In general, in the present invention the percentage of zirconium oxide is about 20% lower than the conventional one, normally on sale, and the percentage of aluminium oxide is at least 15-20% higher than the conventional one.
Aluminium oxide increases the softness of the material, giving a series of advantages for processing, which will be described in greater detail hereafter .
Despite this softness, however, the manufactured product according to the present invention has a high mechanical strength and a high surface hardness, in this way resisting scratching and knocks in general. Such a composition, moreover, allows the manufactured product according to the present invention to have a milky white colour that cannot be achieved through conventional zirconia compositions, in which the aluminium oxide has a very low percentage. Conventional zirconia, indeed, is vitreous, almost transparent, whereas the present invention makes it possible to obtain a full, dense colour that is highly appreciated in the field of jewellery and/or costume jewellery, to which the present invention belongs .
In this way, the possible further colourings applied to the manufactured product are also different from those that can be obtained with conventional zirconia, since the colourings are fuller and denser and do not have the transparency effect typical of conventional zirconia.
The colourings able to be made for the manufactured product according to the present invention, as specified hereafter, are similar to natural colours; moreover, such colourings have a warmer tone with respect to that which can be obtained with conventional zirconia.
According to an embodiment, the manufactured product for jewellery and/or precious adornments and/or costume jewellery is obtained through a sintering process of the pre-sintered raw product described earlier.
Furthermore, it is possible to foresee at least one step of polishing the pre-sintered product, which can take place through any manual and/or mechanical technique and/or any polishing technique suitable for the purpose.
This at least one polishing step can take place before and/or after the sintering step.
Such a sintering process comprises a step of heating the pre-sintered raw product to a temperature equal to about 2/3 the melting temperature of zirconium oxide. During such a step it is possible to reach temperature values up to about 1800 °C.
According to such an embodiment, the step of heating the pre-sintered raw product comprises a series of heating cycles of the raw product itself following on from each other. Such cycles are carried out, for the same raw product, at different temperatures.
Through such heating cycles of the raw product there is a crystallization of the product itself suitable for increasing its mechanical strength. The base material is thus crystallized.
As known in the field of powder metallurgy, through such a sintering process there is a densification of the powders, i.e. a compacting and adhesion of the single powder granules that make up the finished manufactured product .
The manufactured product thus obtained is characterised by a low specific weight, which makes it possible to ensure a high feeling of comfort for the user who wears it.
Through known finishing processes, the manufactured products thus obtained are a pleasant appearance: indeed, they have an extremely smooth surface. Moreover, such products have an appearance characterised by a special colouring given by the hard zirconium oxide itself, i.e. milky white, in other words an absolute white.
In a version of the invention, the manufactured product can be already coloured before processing, in other words the pre-sintered starting form can already itself be coloured, with any colour, through the use of dyeing oxides and/or agents, or pigments and/or ions or non-pigmented oxides or agents and/or other types of dyeing oxides and agents.
In a version, the manufactured product in pre- sintered state is coloured through impregnation in a dyeing liquid.
Such a dyeing liquid can contain different types of dyeing oxides and agents, for example in the form of grains (pigments) and/or of ions (non-pigmented oxides and agents) or other types of dyeing oxides and agents suitable for the purpose.
Such impregnation takes place by means of immersion of the manufactured product in a container containing the aforementioned liquid, leaving the manufactured product itself to rest for the time necessary to obtain the finished colouring.
In a further version of the invention, the manufactured product is coloured through application of at least one dyed paste or dyeing oxides and agents, or pigments and/or ions or non-pigmented oxides and agents and/or other types of dyeing oxides and agents depending on the colouring that is intended to be obtained.
Such colouring comprising the application of at least one coloured paste or other types of dyeing agents and oxides onto the surface of the manufactured product and a step of polishing the surface itself. The at least one coloured paste or other types of dyeing agents is applied onto the surface of the manufactured product through a felt or a cotton tampon or a similar element suitable for the purpose. During the polishing step, the at least one coloured paste or other types of dyeing agents is made to penetrate deep into the pores present at the surface of the manufactured product, giving it the desired colouring .
In a further version of the invention, the finished manufactured product made from zirconium oxide comprises at least one insert applied onto the outer surface of the manufactured product itself.
Thanks to the particular composition of the manufactured product according to the present invention, the holes and the incisions made on it are made in the most suitable and safe way to allow the insertion and/or mounting of inserts. Such holes and incisions cannot be made in traditional zirconia due to its hardness and the specific processing method. The insert can be applied onto at least part of the outer surface of the manufactured product through welding or brazing or through gluing and/or mechanical coupling, for example by forming seats on the outer surface in which to insert pins or similar elements present in the insert. The coupling can also be carried out by pressure.
The insert can also be a stove enamel and/or a lacquer and/or any other foreign body, be it solid or liquid .
Furthermore, the insert could be inserted inside micro-slits present on the outer surface of the manufactured product.
Such micro-slits can be caused through sudden cooling of the manufactured product after the heating step foreseen for the sintering of the manufactured product itself.
Such an insert can cover partially or completely cover the outer surface of the manufactured product. Such an insert can be made from metallic material, for example gold and/or platinum and/or silver and/or other materials suitable for the purpose.
In another version of the invention, the manufactured product comprises at least one natural or synthesised stone mounted in the zirconium oxide structure and/or in the insert.
The present invention also refers to a method for making a manufactured product for jewellery and/or goldsmithery and/or costume jewellery described above .
The method for making a manufactured product for jewellery and/or precious adornments and/or costume jewellery comprises the steps of providing a base material consisting of zirconium oxide in the form of powder or a pre-sintered raw product, sintering the base material. In particular, the step of providing a base material comprises the steps of positioning the base material in powder form in a container or in a mould, applying a pressure on the powder in the container or in the mould, suitable for giving dimensional stability and homogeneity to the base material, and of obtaining a formed raw product.
The method comprises a step of pre-sintering the formed raw product, obtaining a pre-sintered raw product.
The raw product thus obtained is processed, for example, through mechanical processing, in order to obtain a desired shape of the manufactured product. With respect to existing zirconia, the manufactured product according to the present invention can be processed with machine tools having low operating speeds. This is possible thanks to the particular chemical composition of the manufactured product according to the present invention.
In this way, in order to make the manufactured product according to the present invention it is not necessary to use micro-millers with very high operating speeds (reaching 20000-40000-60000 revs/minute) but rather millers or lathes that operate at 1000-6000 revs/minute. In this way, it also avoids high wearing of the tools, in other words by working at 2000 revs for example, there is much less wearing of a tool with respect to working at 40000 revs.
Thanks to the possibility of working the manufactured product according to the present invention in an easy manner and by using devices on the market that are of medium type, not excessively complex and/or expensive, the production costs are substantially reduced, making the final manufacturing costs of the manufactured product according to the present invention competitive.
In this way, the quantities that can be made in one day are also greater than those that can be obtained with traditional zirconia. Thanks to the composition of the present invention, it is possible to obtain industrial processing of such a manufactured product, in terms of costs and quantities, which are impossible using the conventional composition of zirconia itself.
Indeed, conventional zirconia cannot be processed at low operating speeds, otherwise it crumbles. The manufactured product according to the present invention, on the other hand, even processed at low operating speeds, does not crumble and allows the desired end result to be obtained.
Furthermore, the composition of the manufactured product according to the present invention allows processing with a lathe. Such processing is not possible with conventional zirconia in which the only processing possible is milling, and not turning, in order to avoid the crumbling thereof. Moreover, turning greatly cuts production costs.
In particular, through the processing of the raw product it is possible to obtain a semi-worked product equipped with a good surface finish.
The sintering process, according to the present method, comprises carrying out at least one or a series of heating cycles of the pre-sintered raw product at a temperature equal to about 2/3 of the melting temperature of the base material. The melting temperature of zirconium oxide corresponds to about 2700°C.
Through such heating cycles there is a quenching and crystallization of the base material that, indeed, increases the mechanical strength of the manufactured product itself.
The pre-sintering process of the manufactured product comprises a step of colouring the surface of the latter. The colouring may not be just external but also insert inside the manufactured product.
Such a colouring step comprises colouring the manufactured product through impregnation in a dyeing liquid or through the use of coloured pastes or other types of dyeing oxides and agents suitable for modifying the colour of the manufactured product itself .
Moreover, the present method comprises a further step of applying or partially or completely coating the outer surface of the manufactured product through an insert made from gold and/or platinum and/or silver and/or other metals and/or other materials suitable for the purpose.
The manufactured product according to the present invention has a high mechanical strength and, in particular, a high resistance to knocks and/or scratching .
Moreover, the manufactured product according to the present invention, being made from zirconium oxide, is biologically compatible and thus suitable for being work, even in contact with skin, by users that have allergies to metals or their alloys.
The invention and the method thus conceived can undergo numerous modifications and variants all covered by the inventive concept described in the present document .

Claims

Manufactured product for jewellery and/or goldsmithery and/or costume jewellery, wherein said manufactured product is a bracelet or a ring or a necklace or a pendant or an earring or a brooch or any other jewel or object that can be used in jewellery and/or goldsmithery and/or costume jewellery, provided with an outer surface and comprising a composition comprising a base material, consisting of zirconium oxide, and aluminium oxide, characterized in that said aluminium oxide presents a percentage between 10% and 48% of the total weight of the composition of said manufactured product.
Manufactured product according to claim 1, wherein said base material is in form of powder or of a pre-sintered raw product.
Manufactured product according to claim 1 or 2, wherein said base material is crystallized.
Manufactured product according to any one of the previous claims, wherein said composition comprises at least a stabilizing oxide.
Manufactured product according to any one of the previous claims, wherein said composition comprises at least one other oxide.
6. Manufactured product according to any one of the previous claims, wherein said zirconium oxide presents a concentration, on the total of the composition, between 51% and 85%.
5. 7. Manufactured product according to any one of the previous claims, wherein said at least one stabilizing oxide comprises at one oxide deriving from one of the following metals: yttrium, calcium, magnesium, scandium, titanium, zinc,0 carbon, tungsten, silicon, cerium, etc., or mixtures thereof.
8. Manufactured product according to any one of the previous claims, wherein said at least one stabilizing oxide has a concentration, on the5 total of the composition, that is less than 10%.
9. Manufactured product according to any one of the previous claims, wherein said yttrium oxide has a concentration of less than 6%.
10. Manufactured product according to any one0 of the previous claims, wherein said aluminium oxide has a concentration, on the total of the composition, that is between 15% and 25% or that is 20%.
11. Manufactured product according to any one5 of the previous claims, wherein said at least one other oxide is hafnium oxide, iron oxide, titanium oxide, zinc oxide, carbon oxide, tungsten oxide, silicon oxide, cerium oxide, etc., or mixtures thereof.
12. Manufactured product according to any one of the previous claims, wherein said at least one other oxide has a concentration, of the total of the composition, of less than 5%.
13. Manufactured product according to any one of the previous claims, wherein said hafnium oxide has a percentage of less than 5% and/or wherein said iron oxide has a percentage of less than 0.5%.
14. Manufactured product according to any one of the previous claims, comprising an insert made of gold and/or platinum and/or silver and/or another metal and/or another material suitable for the purpose .
15. Manufactured product according to the previous claim, wherein said insert is arranged on at least part of said outer surface of said manufactured product.
16. Manufactured product according to any one of the previous claims, wherein said manufactured product comprises at least a natural or synthesized stone set in said base material and/or in said insert.
17. Manufactured product according to any one of the previous claims, wherein said manufactured product has a milky white and/or full white and/or opaque white colour.
18. Manufactured product according to any one of the previous claims, comprising colouring agents, or dyeing oxides, or pigments and/or non- pigmented ions or non-pigmented agents and/or colouring pastes or other types of colouring agents .
19. Method for the production of a manufactured product for jewellery and/or goldsmithery and/or costume jewellery, wherein said manufactured product is a bracelet or a ring or a necklace or a pendant or an earring or a brooch or any other jewel or object that can be used in jewellery and/or goldsmithery and/or costume jewellery, provided with an outer surface and having a composition comprising a base material, consisting of zirconium oxide, and aluminium oxide, characterised in that it comprises the following steps:
providing said base material consisting of zirconium oxide in form of powder or of a pre-sintered raw product;
providing said aluminium oxide at a concentration, on the total weight of the composition, between 10% and 48%;
sintering said base material.
Method for the production of a manufactured product for jewellery and/or goldsmithery and/or costume jewellery according to claim 19, wherein said providing step comprises:
placing said base material in form of powder in a container or mould;
applying a pressure on said powder in said container or mould, adapted to give dimensional stability and homogeneity to said base material,
obtaining a shaped raw product .
Method for the production of a manufactured product for jewellery and/or goldsmithery and/or costume jewellery according to claim 20, comprising a step of pre-sintering said shaped raw product, obtaining a pre-sintered raw product .
Method for the production of a manufactured product for jewellery and/or goldsmithery and/or costume jewellery according to any one of claims from 19 to 21, comprising a step of processing said pre-sintered raw product by mechanical processing, to give said pre-sintered raw product a desired shape and/or comprising a step of polishing said pre-sintered raw product.
Method for the production of a manufactured product for jewellery and/or goldsmithery and/or costume jewellery according to any one of claims from 19 to 22, comprising a step of providing at least a stabilizing oxide.
Method for the production of a manufactured product for jewellery and/or goldsmithery and/or costume jewellery according to any one of claims from 19 to 23, comprising a step of providing at least one other oxide.
Method for the production of a manufactured product for jewellery and/or goldsmithery and/or costume jewellery according to any one of claims from 19 to 24, wherein said step of providing zirconium oxide comprises providing said zirconium oxide at a concentration, on the total of the composition, between 51% and 85%.
Method for the production of a manufactured product for jewellery and/or goldsmithery and/or costume jewellery according to any one of claims from 19 to 25, wherein said step of providing at least one stabilizing oxide comprises providing at one oxide deriving from one of the following metals: yttrium, calcium, magnesium, scandium, titanium, zinc, carbon, tungsten, silicon, cerium, etc., or mixtures thereof, and/or providing said at least one stabilizing oxide at a concentration, on the total of the composition, that is less than 10%.
Method for the production of a manufactured product for jewellery and/or goldsmithery and/or costume jewellery according to any one of claims from 19 to 26, wherein said step of providing aluminium oxide comprises providing said aluminium oxide at a concentration, on the total of the composition, that is between 15% and 25% or that is 20%.
Method for the production of a manufactured product for jewellery and/or goldsmithery and/or costume jewellery according to any one of claims from 19 to 27, wherein said step of providing at least one other oxide comprises providing hafnium oxide, iron oxide, titanium oxide, zinc oxide, carbon oxide, tungsten oxide, silicon oxide, cerium oxide, etc., or mixtures thereof and/or providing said at least one other oxide at a concentration, of the total of the composition, of less than 5%.
Method for the production of a manufactured product for jewellery and/or goldsmithery and/or costume jewellery according to any one of claims from 19 to 28, wherein said step of sintering comprises :
heating said base material at a temperature equal to approximately 2/3 of the melting temperature of said base material,
repeating said step of heating for at least a cycle or for a series of cycles, resulting in a crystallization of said base material. Method for the production of a manufactured product for jewellery and/or goldsmithery and/or costume jewellery according to any one of claims from 19 to 29, comprising a step of colouring said outer surface of said manufactured product.
Method for the production of a manufactured product for jewellery and/or goldsmithery and/or costume jewellery according to any one of claims from 19 to 30, wherein said step of colouring comprises : impregnating said manufactured product with colouring agents, or dyeing oxides, or pigments and/or non-pigmented ions or non-pigmented agents and/or colouring pastes or other types of colouring agents, and/or
applying on said outer surface of said manufactured product colouring agents, or dyeing oxides, or pigments and/or non-pigmented ions or non-pigmented agents and/or colouring pastes or other types of colouring agents;
dunking said manufactured product in colouring agents, or dyeing oxides, or pigments and/or non-pigmented ions or non-pigmented agents and/or colouring pastes or other types of colouring agents;
obtaining said coloured manufactured product.
Method for the production of a manufactured product for jewellery and/or goldsmithery and/or costume jewellery according to any one of claims from 19 to 31, comprising a step of applying on at least a part of said outer surface of said manufactured product an insert, wherein said insert is made, of gold and/or platinum and/or silver and/or other metals and/or other materials suitable for the purpose and/or a stove enamel and/or a lacquer and/or a foreign body on said manufactured product.
Method for the production of a manufactured product for jewellery and/or goldsmithery and/or costume jewellery according to any one of claims from 19 to 32, comprising a step of polishing said sintered manufactured product.
PCT/IB2013/050281 2012-01-13 2013-01-11 Manufactured product for jewellery and/or goldsmithery and/or costume jewellery, based on zirconium oxide and method for its realisation WO2013105064A1 (en)

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