WO2013098453A1 - Solar concentrator - Google Patents

Solar concentrator Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2013098453A1
WO2013098453A1 PCT/ES2012/070912 ES2012070912W WO2013098453A1 WO 2013098453 A1 WO2013098453 A1 WO 2013098453A1 ES 2012070912 W ES2012070912 W ES 2012070912W WO 2013098453 A1 WO2013098453 A1 WO 2013098453A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
mirrors
solar concentrator
fresnel lenses
solar
energy
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/ES2012/070912
Other languages
Spanish (es)
French (fr)
Inventor
Juan Martinez Vazquez
Original Assignee
Juan Martinez Vazquez
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Juan Martinez Vazquez filed Critical Juan Martinez Vazquez
Publication of WO2013098453A1 publication Critical patent/WO2013098453A1/en

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S23/00—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors
    • F24S23/70—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors with reflectors
    • F24S23/77—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors with reflectors with flat reflective plates
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S23/00—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors
    • F24S23/30—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors with lenses
    • F24S23/31—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors with lenses having discontinuous faces, e.g. Fresnel lenses
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S20/00—Solar heat collectors specially adapted for particular uses or environments
    • F24S20/20—Solar heat collectors for receiving concentrated solar energy, e.g. receivers for solar power plants
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S23/00—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors
    • F24S23/70—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors with reflectors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S23/00—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors
    • F24S23/70—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors with reflectors
    • F24S2023/87—Reflectors layout
    • F24S2023/874—Reflectors formed by assemblies of adjacent similar reflective facets
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/40—Solar thermal energy, e.g. solar towers

Definitions

  • the present invention falls within the field of technologies and designs used for solar concentration.
  • Parabolic cylinders solar energy is concentrated by parabolic mirrors in a receiver tube placed along the center of the curved surface. This energy heats an oil flowing through a pipe, and this heat is then used to generate electricity in a conventional steam generator.
  • a solar collector comprises many rows of parallel tubes aligned from north to south. This setting allows you to follow the so! from east to west throughout the day. This design can incorporate heat storage units allowing to generate several more hours of electricity.
  • These plants usually have a power of 50-250 MW.
  • Fresnel mirrors the concentration in this case is done by horizontally placed and slightly inclined mirrors that reflect the light to another curved mirror surface that in turn concentrates the energy in a tube through which a fluid or water vapor passes .. Power of 1-30 MW.
  • Parabolic mirrors that concentrate solar energy at a single point or focus. These concentrators are mounted on dual-axis trackers. The heat collected is normally used in a heat engine mounted on the bulb and which, in turn, follows the sun. The most used cycles are Stirling and Bryton. Power 10-50 kW.
  • Central tower the technology uses many mirrors with a follower called heliostats that concentrate the light in a receiver on top of a tower. A fluid is heated when it passes through the receiver to generate steam and move a conventional turbine that produces electricity. It can be attached to a heat storage system. Its power ranges from 10-200 MW.
  • the problem is the low use of, the surface, the low energy efficiency and the high cost.
  • the invention relates to a solar concentrator comprising:
  • Fresnel lens The main features of a Fresnel lens are those of being extremely thin and light and, a. in turn, have a high concentration factor.
  • Figure 1 shows a plan view of a solar concentrator with geodetic semi-sphere of Fresnel lenses.
  • Figure 2 shows a schematic plan view of a solar concentrator with geodetic sphere of Fresnel lenses.
  • Figure 3 shows a top view of a solar concentrator with geodetic sphere of Fresnel lenses.
  • Figure 4 shows a plan view of a solar concentrator with a plurality of individual mirrors.
  • Figures 1 and 2 show two embodiments referring to the solar concentrator described.
  • Figure 1 shows a solar concentrator in which the fresnel lenses (5) have a geodesic semi-sphere configuration (4) and
  • Figures 2 shows a solar concentrator in which the Fresnel lenses have a geodesic sphere configuration (1).
  • the mirrors (2) can be individual heliostats with or without a follower, as shown in Figure 4, or a belt, as shown in Figures 1 and 2, and can be mounted in rows with a follower, as shown in the Figures 1 and 2, or without it, as shown in Figure 4.
  • This solar concentrator can be coupled to conventional, cycle turbines
  • It can also be used simply to heat water, air, even to test thermal resistance of materials or as a melting furnace. It can also be used to desalinate water or as an oven for cooking.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Optical Elements Other Than Lenses (AREA)
  • Photovoltaic Devices (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a solar concentrator which includes: a plurality of Fresnel lenses (5) arranged in a polyhedral configuration and a plurality of mirrors (2) arranged around the plurality of Fresnel lenses, the plurality of Fresnel lenses (5) and the plurality of mirrors (2) being configured such that the mirrors (2) concentrate the energy on the Fresnel lenses (5) which in turn concentrate the energy on a receiver (3).

Description

CONCENTRADOR SOLAR  SOLAR CONCENTRATOR
Campo de ia invención Field of the invention
La presente invención se engloba dentro del campo de las tecnologías y diseños utilizados para la concentración solar.  The present invention falls within the field of technologies and designs used for solar concentration.
Antecedentes Background
Actualmente las tecnologías y diseños utilizados para la concentración solar en centrales termosolares son los siguientes:  Currently the technologies and designs used for solar concentration in solar thermal power plants are the following:
Cilindros parabólicos: la energía solar es concentrada por espejos parabólicos en un tubo receptor colocado a lo largo del centro de la superficie curvada. Esta energía calienta un aceite que fluye por una tubería, y este calor se utiliza entonces para generar electricidad en un generador convencional de vapor.  Parabolic cylinders: solar energy is concentrated by parabolic mirrors in a receiver tube placed along the center of the curved surface. This energy heats an oil flowing through a pipe, and this heat is then used to generate electricity in a conventional steam generator.
Un colector solar comprende muchas hileras de tubos en paralelo alineados de norte a sur. Esta configuración permite seguir el so! de este a oeste durante todo el día. Este diseño puede incorporar unidades de almacenamiento de calor permitiendo generar varias horas más de electricidad.  A solar collector comprises many rows of parallel tubes aligned from north to south. This setting allows you to follow the so! from east to west throughout the day. This design can incorporate heat storage units allowing to generate several more hours of electricity.
Estas centrales suelen tener una potencia de 50-250 MW.  These plants usually have a power of 50-250 MW.
1a. Espejos Fresnel: la concentración en este caso se realiza mediante espejos colocados horizontalmente y ligeramente inclinados que reflejan la luz a otra superficie de espejos curvada que a su vez concentra la energía en un tubo por el que pasa un fluido o vapor de agua.. Potencia de 1-30 MW.  1st. Fresnel mirrors: the concentration in this case is done by horizontally placed and slightly inclined mirrors that reflect the light to another curved mirror surface that in turn concentrates the energy in a tube through which a fluid or water vapor passes .. Power of 1-30 MW.
2. Discos Parabólicos:  2. Parabolic discs:
Espejos parabólicos que concentran la energía solar en un solo punto o foco. Estos concentradores están montados en seguidores de doble eje. El calor colectado se utiliza normalmente en un motor dé calor montado en el foco y que, a su vez, sigue al sol. Los ciclos más usados son el Stirling y el Bryton. Potencia 10-50 kW.  Parabolic mirrors that concentrate solar energy at a single point or focus. These concentrators are mounted on dual-axis trackers. The heat collected is normally used in a heat engine mounted on the bulb and which, in turn, follows the sun. The most used cycles are Stirling and Bryton. Power 10-50 kW.
No se emplea aun con esta tecnología ningún sistema de almacenamiento de calor. No heat storage system is used even with this technology.
3. Torre central: la tecnología utiliza muchos espejos con seguidor llamados helióstatos que concentran la luz en un receptor en lo alto de una torre. Un fluido se calienta cuando pasa por el receptor para generar vapor y mover una turbina convencional que produce electricidad. Se le puede acoplar u sistema de almacenamiento de calor. Su potencia va desde 10-200 MW.  3. Central tower: the technology uses many mirrors with a follower called heliostats that concentrate the light in a receiver on top of a tower. A fluid is heated when it passes through the receiver to generate steam and move a conventional turbine that produces electricity. It can be attached to a heat storage system. Its power ranges from 10-200 MW.
Por otro lado, la torre solar se está probando para utilizar la energía solar concentrada y craquear la molécula del agua para la producción de hidrógeno, aunque este sistema está en periodo de investigación. La tecnología actual requiere grandes superficies. Esto unido a la potencia mínima instalable y la eficiencia solar, hace imposible acercar estas centrales a los núcleos de consumo. Esto supone que las inversiones requeridas sean muy altas tanto en la central como en el transporte de la energía, haciendo que estas centrales no puedan competir todavía con centrales térmicas convencionales. On the other hand, the solar tower is being tested to use concentrated solar energy and cracking the water molecule for hydrogen production, although this system is under investigation. Current technology requires large areas. This together with the minimum installable power and solar efficiency, makes it impossible to bring these plants closer to the consumption cores. This means that the required investments are very high both in the power plant and in the transport of energy, making these plants still cannot compete with conventional thermal power plants.
Por consiguiente, el problema es el bajo aprovechamiento de, la superficie, la baja eficiencia energética y el alto coste.  Therefore, the problem is the low use of, the surface, the low energy efficiency and the high cost.
Descripción de la invención Description of the invention
La invención se refiere a un concentrador solar que comprende:  The invention relates to a solar concentrator comprising:
- una pluralidad de lentes fresnel dispuestas en una configuración poliédrica, y  - a plurality of fresnel lenses arranged in a polyhedral configuration, and
una pluralidad de espejos dispuestos alrededor de la pluralidad de lentes fresnel,  a plurality of mirrors arranged around the plurality of fresnel lenses,
configurados la pluralidad de lentes fresnel y la pluralidad de espejos de tal manera que los espejos, con seguidor/es o no, concentran la energía en las lentes configured the plurality of fresnel lenses and the plurality of mirrors such that the mirrors, with follower / s or not, concentrate the energy in the lenses
Fresnel y éstas a su vez, concentran la energía en un receptor. Fresnel and these in turn, concentrate the energy in a receiver.
las características principales de una lente Fresnel son las de ser extremadamente delgada y ligera y, a. su vez, tener un factor alto de concentración. The main features of a Fresnel lens are those of being extremely thin and light and, a. in turn, have a high concentration factor.
Por esto, se pueden montar fácilmente en cualquier estructura. Therefore, they can be easily mounted on any structure.
Con este tipo de concentradores solares se logra que una pluralidad de lentes fresnel concentren la radiación solar en un solo punto (receptor), reduciendo la superficie utilizada en un 70-85% y el volumen un 98% respecto a las tecnologías actuales, para obtener la misma densidad energética. El factor de concentración que se obtiene está entre 220 y 100.000, dependiendo ésto del diseño óptico de ia lente Fresnel, del material de la misma y del número de lentes que se emplee.  With this type of solar concentrators it is possible that a plurality of fresnel lenses concentrate the solar radiation in a single point (receiver), reducing the surface used by 70-85% and the volume 98% with respect to current technologies, to obtain The same energy density. The concentration factor obtained is between 220 and 100,000, depending on the optical design of the Fresnel lens, its material and the number of lenses used.
Distribuyendo las lentes. Fresnel en la superficie en configuración poliédrico se logra que todos los puntos focales de las lentes lleguen al receptor central. Por lo que el sumatorio de éstos supone otro grado más de concentración.  Distributing the lenses. Fresnel on the surface in polyhedral configuration allows all focal points of the lenses to reach the central receiver. So the sum of these involves another degree of concentration.
Breve descripción de los dibujos  Brief description of the drawings
A continuación se pasa a describir de manera muy breve una serie de dibujos que ayudan a comprender mejor la invención y que se relacionan expresamente con una realización de dicha invención que se presenta como un ejemplo no limitativo de ésta.  A series of drawings that help to better understand the invention and that expressly relate to an embodiment of said invention which is presented as a non-limiting example thereof is described very briefly below.
La Figura 1 muestra una vista en planta de un concentrador solar con semi- esfera geodésica de lentes Fresnel. La Figura 2 muestra una vista en planta esquema de un concentrador solar con esfera geodésica de lentes Fresnel. Figure 1 shows a plan view of a solar concentrator with geodetic semi-sphere of Fresnel lenses. Figure 2 shows a schematic plan view of a solar concentrator with geodetic sphere of Fresnel lenses.
La Figura 3 muestra una vista superior de un concentrador solar con esfera geodésica de lentes Fresnel.  Figure 3 shows a top view of a solar concentrator with geodetic sphere of Fresnel lenses.
La Figura 4 muestra una vista en planta de un concentrador solar con una pluralidad de espejos individuales.  Figure 4 shows a plan view of a solar concentrator with a plurality of individual mirrors.
En las figuras anteriormente citadas se identifican una serie de referencias que corresponden a los elementos indicados a continuación, sin que ello suponga carácter limitativo alguno:  In the aforementioned figures, a series of references are identified that correspond to the elements indicated below, without implying any limiting character:
1.- Esfera geodésica de lentes Fresne!  1.- Geodetic sphere of Fresne lenses!
2. - Espejos .  2. - Mirrors.
3. - Receptor  3. - Receiver
4. - Semi-esfera geodésica de lentes Fresnel  4. - Semi-sphere geodetic Fresnel lens
5. - Lentes Fresnel  5. - Fresnel Lenses
Descripción detallada de un modo de realización Detailed description of one embodiment
Las figuras 1 y 2 muestran dos realizaciones referidas al concentrador solar descrito. La figura 1 muestra un concentrador solar en el que las lentes fresnel (5) tienen configuración de semi-esfera geodésica (4) y la Figuras 2 muestra un concentrador solar en el que las lentes Fresnel tienen configuración de esfera geodésica (1 ).  Figures 1 and 2 show two embodiments referring to the solar concentrator described. Figure 1 shows a solar concentrator in which the fresnel lenses (5) have a geodesic semi-sphere configuration (4) and Figures 2 shows a solar concentrator in which the Fresnel lenses have a geodesic sphere configuration (1).
Los espejos (2) pueden ser helióstatos individuales con o sin seguidor, como se muestra en la figura 4, o un cinturón, como se muestra en las figuras 1 y 2, y pueden estar montados en hileras con seguidor, como se muestra en las figuras 1 y 2, o sin él, como se muestra en la figura 4.  The mirrors (2) can be individual heliostats with or without a follower, as shown in Figure 4, or a belt, as shown in Figures 1 and 2, and can be mounted in rows with a follower, as shown in the Figures 1 and 2, or without it, as shown in Figure 4.
Este concentrador solar se puede acoplar a turbinas convencionales, de ciclo This solar concentrator can be coupled to conventional, cycle turbines
Bryton, Rankine o motores Stirling. Además de a motores de condensación para aire acondicionado. Bryton, Rankine or Stirling engines. In addition to condensation engines for air conditioning.
También se puede usar simplemente para calentar agua, aire, incluso para hacer pruebas de resistencia térmica de materiales o como horno de fundición. Se puede usar también para desalar agua o como horno para cocinar.  It can also be used simply to heat water, air, even to test thermal resistance of materials or as a melting furnace. It can also be used to desalinate water or as an oven for cooking.
Además se le puede acoplar un LASER que sé podría utilizar para la producción de hidrógeno o incluso como herramienta terapéutica.  In addition, you can attach a LASER that you could use for the production of hydrogen or even as a therapeutic tool.

Claims

REIVINDICACIONES
1- Concentrador solar caracterizado por que comprende:  1- Solar concentrator characterized by comprising:
- una pluralidad de lentes Fresne! (5) dispuestas en una configuración poliédrica, y  - a plurality of Fresne lenses! (5) arranged in a polyhedral configuration, and
- una pluralidad de espejos (2). dispuestos alrededor de la pluralidad de lentes Fresnel,  - a plurality of mirrors (2). arranged around the plurality of Fresnel lenses,
configurados la pluralidad de lentes Fresnel (5) y la pluralidad de espejos (2) de tal manera que los espejos (2) concentran la energía en las lentes Fresnel (5) y éstas á su vez, concentran la energía en un receptor (3). configured the plurality of Fresnel lenses (5) and the plurality of mirrors (2) such that the mirrors (2) concentrate the energy in the Fresnel lenses (5) and these in turn, concentrate the energy in a receiver (3 ).
2. - Concentrador solar según reivindicación 1 caracterizado por que la configuración poliédrica de la pluralidad de lentes Fresnel es una configuración en esfera geodésica (1).  2. - Solar concentrator according to claim 1, characterized in that the polyhedral configuration of the plurality of Fresnel lenses is a geodesic sphere configuration (1).
3. - Concentrador solar según reivindicación 1 caracterizado por que la configuración poliédrica de la pluralidad de lentes Fresnel es una configuración en semiesfera (4) geodésica.  3. - Solar concentrator according to claim 1 characterized in that the polyhedral configuration of the plurality of Fresnel lenses is a geodesic (4) semi-sphere configuration.
4. - Concentrador solar según reivindicaciones 1-3 caracterizado por que la pluralidad de espejos (2) son espejos individuales.  4. - Solar concentrator according to claims 1-3 characterized in that the plurality of mirrors (2) are individual mirrors.
5. - Concentrador solar según reivindicaciones 1-3 caracterizado por que la pluralidad de espejos están dispuestos en hileras a modo de cinturón alrededor de las lentes Fresnel con configuración poliédrica.  5. - Solar concentrator according to claims 1-3 characterized in that the plurality of mirrors are arranged in rows as a belt around the Fresnel lenses with polyhedral configuration.
6. - Concentrador solar según reivindicaciones 1-5 caracterizado por que los espejos comprenden al menos un seguidor.  6. - Solar concentrator according to claims 1-5 characterized in that the mirrors comprise at least one follower.
PCT/ES2012/070912 2011-12-29 2012-12-26 Solar concentrator WO2013098453A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
ESP201132138 2011-12-29
ES201132138A ES2373302B1 (en) 2011-12-29 2011-12-29 SOLAR CONCENTRATOR.

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WO2013098453A1 true WO2013098453A1 (en) 2013-07-04

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2016119916A1 (en) * 2015-01-30 2016-08-04 Herkommer, Alois Solar collector with a two-stage concentrator system

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2014017539A1 (en) * 2012-07-25 2014-01-30 株式会社ダ・ビンチ Solar ray heat conversion device and solar heat power generating system using same
ES2563680B1 (en) * 2014-09-15 2017-01-31 Instituto Holografico Terrasun,S.L. MODULAR SYSTEM OF SOLAR HOLOGRAPHIC INTEGRATED SOLAR COCENTRATION IN URBAN AND ROAD ELEMENTS.

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
ES2113317A1 (en) * 1996-05-08 1998-04-16 Cerbell Roberto Santander Novel modulated lens for concentrating (condensing) solar energy
DE202006001083U1 (en) * 2006-01-20 2006-12-28 Dohm, Rudolf Solar concentrator, has pipe inside three-sided prism formed from lenses, with direct incidence on top lenses and radiation reflected onto lower lenses
US20090078249A1 (en) * 2007-05-24 2009-03-26 Tricia Liu Device for concentrating optical radiation
WO2009105587A2 (en) * 2008-02-19 2009-08-27 Bucky Solar, Inc. Solar radiation collection systems

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
ES2113317A1 (en) * 1996-05-08 1998-04-16 Cerbell Roberto Santander Novel modulated lens for concentrating (condensing) solar energy
DE202006001083U1 (en) * 2006-01-20 2006-12-28 Dohm, Rudolf Solar concentrator, has pipe inside three-sided prism formed from lenses, with direct incidence on top lenses and radiation reflected onto lower lenses
US20090078249A1 (en) * 2007-05-24 2009-03-26 Tricia Liu Device for concentrating optical radiation
WO2009105587A2 (en) * 2008-02-19 2009-08-27 Bucky Solar, Inc. Solar radiation collection systems

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2016119916A1 (en) * 2015-01-30 2016-08-04 Herkommer, Alois Solar collector with a two-stage concentrator system

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ES2373302A1 (en) 2012-02-02

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