WO2013097706A1 - Heat exchange system and heat exchange method - Google Patents

Heat exchange system and heat exchange method Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2013097706A1
WO2013097706A1 PCT/CN2012/087447 CN2012087447W WO2013097706A1 WO 2013097706 A1 WO2013097706 A1 WO 2013097706A1 CN 2012087447 W CN2012087447 W CN 2012087447W WO 2013097706 A1 WO2013097706 A1 WO 2013097706A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
heat exchange
heat
module
pipeline
battery
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2012/087447
Other languages
French (fr)
Chinese (zh)
Inventor
汤浩
杨海玉
王晶
谢光有
雷姣
李云
方源
Original Assignee
中国东方电气集团有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from CN201110456228.8A external-priority patent/CN102522583B/en
Priority claimed from CN201110457510.8A external-priority patent/CN102522584B/en
Application filed by 中国东方电气集团有限公司 filed Critical 中国东方电气集团有限公司
Publication of WO2013097706A1 publication Critical patent/WO2013097706A1/en

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/66—Heat-exchange relationships between the cells and other systems, e.g. central heating systems or fuel cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2250/00—Fuel cells for particular applications; Specific features of fuel cell system
    • H01M2250/40—Combination of fuel cells with other energy production systems
    • H01M2250/405—Cogeneration of heat or hot water
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02B90/10—Applications of fuel cells in buildings
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/50—Fuel cells

Definitions

  • a fuel cell is an environmentally friendly, highly efficient, long-life power generating device.
  • PEMFC proton exchange membrane fuel cell
  • the fuel gas enters from the anode side, the hydrogen atoms lose electrons at the anode and become protons, the protons pass through the proton exchange membrane to the cathode, and the electrons also reach the cathode through the external loop, at the cathode proton.
  • electrons and oxygen combine to form water.
  • the fuel cell converts chemical energy into electrical energy in a non-combustion manner, and its direct power generation efficiency can be as high as 45% due to the limitation of the Carnot cycle.
  • the fuel cell system integrates power management, thermal management and other modules, and has the characteristics of heat, electricity, water and gas management.
  • Fuel cell system products range from fixed power stations to mobile power supplies, from electric vehicles to spacecraft, from military equipment to civilian products. When the fuel cell is used as a power supply, it works at a certain power with the best working efficiency. However, the external load is discontinuous and unstable, and it is difficult for the battery system to continue to operate at an optimum state, thereby reducing the energy utilization rate of the system.
  • the all-vanadium redox flow battery (VRB, hereinafter referred to as vanadium battery) is also an environmentally friendly new energy storage system and an efficient energy conversion device, featuring large scale, long life, low cost and high efficiency.
  • the vanadium battery can be used as a large-scale electric energy storage and high-efficiency conversion equipment in the power generation system, which is used for peak-cutting and balancing load of the power grid, and plays a role in improving the quality of power supply and the stability of power plant operation.
  • the vanadium battery uses vanadium ions V 5+ /V 4+ and V 3+ /V 2+ as the positive and negative oxide redox pairs of the battery, and the positive and negative electrolytes are respectively stored in two liquid storage tanks, which are acid-resistant.
  • the liquid pump drives the active electrolyte to the reaction site (battery stack) and then returns to the liquid storage tank to form a circulating liquid flow circuit to realize the charging and discharging process.
  • the performance of the battery stack determines the charge and discharge performance of the entire system, especially the charge and discharge power and efficiency.
  • the battery stack is formed by stacking a plurality of single cells in series and pressing them in series.
  • the solubility of electrolytes in different valence states of vanadium battery electrolytes varies with temperature. Among them, pentavalent vanadium ions are easy to precipitate at high temperatures, and vanadium ions of other valence states are easy to precipitate at low temperatures.
  • a heat exchange system comprising: a power supply subsystem, comprising: a battery module, the power supply subsystem is configured to supply power to an end user; and the heat exchange subsystem includes: The switch module is used for heat dissipation of the power supply subsystem, and the recovered heat energy is used to transfer heat energy to the end user. Further, there are a plurality of battery modules, and the heat exchange module includes a plurality of heat exchange regions.
  • each of the plurality of battery modules is selectively connectable to one or more of the plurality of heat exchange zones. Further, when the battery module is connected to a plurality of heat exchange zones, the heat exchange zones are connected in parallel or in series. Further, each heat exchange zone includes a plurality of heat exchangers. Further, the heat exchange area of each heat exchanger in each heat exchange zone is different. Further, each heat exchanger in each heat exchange zone is connected in parallel or in series. Further, the heat exchange system of the present invention further comprises: a heating module for heating the cooling medium after passing through the heat exchange zone. Further, the heat exchange system of the present invention further comprises: a heating module, the heating module comprising: a first heating module for heating the cooling medium before passing through the heat exchange zone.
  • the heating module further includes: a second heating module, configured to heat the cooling medium after passing through the heat exchange zone
  • a heat exchange method comprising the steps of: utilizing a battery module of a power supply subsystem to deliver electrical energy to an end user; and utilizing a heat exchange module of the heat exchange subsystem
  • the power subsystem dissipates heat and uses the heat recovered at the same time to deliver thermal energy to the end user.
  • the heat exchange module includes a plurality of heat exchange zones, and each of the battery modules is selectively connectable to one or more heat exchange zones of the plurality of heat exchange zones.
  • a heat exchange system comprising: a power supply subsystem, comprising: a battery module, a power supply subsystem for transmitting power to an end user; a heat exchange subsystem, comprising: a heat exchange module, In the heat dissipation of the power supply subsystem, and the recovered heat energy is used to transfer heat energy to the end user, the heat exchange module includes a first pipeline connected to the power supply subsystem and used for heat dissipation of the power supply subsystem, and heat exchange with the first pipeline The second pipeline, wherein the heat exchange module further comprises at least one heat exchange group, the heat exchange group includes a plurality of heat exchangers, and the plurality of heat exchangers in each heat exchange group have a common heat exchange pipeline and surround The peripheral heat exchange pipeline outside the common heat exchange pipeline, the common heat exchange pipeline is connected with the first pipeline or the second pipeline, and the peripheral heat exchange pipeline is connected with the second pipeline or the first pipeline.
  • the battery module and the first pipeline are one, the heat exchange group is a group, and the first pipeline is selectively connected to one or more heat exchangers in the heat exchange group, and the common heat exchange pipeline and the first The two pipelines are connected.
  • the battery module and the first pipeline are both in plurality, and the heat exchange group is a group, and each of the plurality of first pipelines is selectively connected to one or more of the heat exchange groups The heat exchanger, the common heat exchange pipeline is connected to the second pipeline. Further, when the first pipeline is connected to the plurality of heat exchangers in the heat exchange group, the heat exchangers are connected in parallel or in series.
  • a first valve is disposed between the first pipeline and the heat exchanger, and a second valve is disposed between each heat exchanger in the heat exchange group.
  • the battery module and the first pipeline are both, and the heat exchange group is a group, and the common heat exchange pipeline is in communication with the first pipeline.
  • the battery module and the first pipeline are multiple, and the heat exchange group is a plurality of groups, and each of the plurality of first pipelines is shared with each of the plurality of heat exchange groups.
  • the heat exchange tubes are connected one by one in correspondence. Further, the heat exchange areas of the heat exchangers in each heat exchange group are different.
  • the battery module includes a vanadium battery module and a fuel cell module;
  • the heat exchange module includes a first conduit for heat dissipation of the stack of the vanadium battery module, a first conduit for heat dissipation of the stack of the fuel cell module, a first line for cooling the anode tail gas and the cathode exhaust gas of the fuel cell module and a second line for heat exchange with the first line
  • the heat exchange module includes a heat exchange group, and the heat exchange group includes four heat exchangers, four The heat exchangers have a common heat exchange pipeline and a peripheral heat exchange pipeline surrounding the common heat exchange pipeline, and the second pipeline is connected to the common heat exchange pipeline, and the first pipeline and the periphery of each heat exchanger
  • the heat exchange tubes are connected one-to-one; the heat dissipation sequence of the battery stack of the vanadium battery module, the battery stack of the fuel cell module, and the anode exhaust gas and the cathode exhaust gas of the fuel cell module are as follows: First, the
  • a heat exchange system comprising: a power supply subsystem and a heat exchange subsystem.
  • the power supply subsystem includes: a battery module, the power supply subsystem is used to deliver power to the end user;
  • the heat exchange subsystem includes: a heat exchange module, the heat exchange subsystem is connected to the power supply subsystem and used for heat dissipation of the power supply subsystem,
  • the recovered heat is used to deliver thermal energy to the end user.
  • the heat exchange subsystem is used to dissipate heat energy for the heat dissipation of the power supply subsystem, and the heat energy is uniformly managed to finally provide high quality heat energy to the end user.
  • the good operation of the power supply subsystem is ensured
  • the heat energy is effectively recovered, and the problem of high energy consumption and low energy utilization rate of the power supply system in the prior art is effectively solved.
  • Figure 1 shows a schematic view of a prior art vanadium battery module
  • Figure 2 shows a schematic view of a prior art fuel cell module
  • Figure 3 shows a heat exchange system according to the invention
  • Figure 1 is a schematic view showing the connection of the heat exchange module of the heat exchange system of Figure 3
  • Figure 5 is a schematic view showing the first use state of the heat exchange module of the heat exchange system of Figure 4
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic view showing a third state of use of the heat exchange module of the heat exchange system of FIG.
  • FIG. 4 Figure 8 is a schematic view showing a fourth use state of the heat exchange module of the heat exchange system of Figure 4; Figure 9 is a view showing a fifth use state of the heat exchange module of the heat exchange system of Figure 4; Schematic diagram of an embodiment of the heat exchange method of the present invention; FIG. 11 is a schematic view showing the connection of the second embodiment of the heat exchange system according to the present invention; and FIG. 12 is a diagram showing the connection of the heat exchange module of the heat exchange system of FIG. Figure 13 is a schematic view showing a first use state of the heat exchange module of the heat exchange system of Figure 12; Figure 14 is a schematic view showing a second use state of the heat exchange module of the heat exchange system of Figure 12; FIG.
  • FIG. 16 is a schematic view showing a fourth use state of the heat exchange module of the heat exchange system of FIG. 12; and FIG. 17 is a view showing a fourth use state of the heat exchange module of the heat exchange system of FIG. 12;
  • the heat exchange system provided by the invention comprises a power supply subsystem and a heat exchange subsystem
  • the battery module of the power supply subsystem comprises a vanadium battery module, a fuel cell module and other power supply modules (such as solar energy, sodium sulfur battery) and the like.
  • the vanadium battery module and the fuel cell module of the prior art are first introduced.
  • 1 shows a schematic diagram of a vanadium battery module in the prior art.
  • the vanadium battery system includes a battery stack 10', a positive electrode electrolyte reservoir 20', a first liquid pump 30', and a negative electrolyte.
  • the liquid storage tank 2 and the second liquid pump 3 are.
  • the fuel cell module includes a fuel cell stack 40', a power management module 50', a thermal management module 60', and a fuel reformer 70'.
  • the fuel is input to the fuel cell stack 40' via the fuel reformer 70' (if the input fuel is hydrogen, the fuel reformer is not required), after the fuel cell stack 40' is reacted, the electric energy passes through the power management module 50' Output to the end user, the heat is output to the end user via the thermal management module 60'.
  • 3 is a schematic diagram showing the connection of the first embodiment of the heat exchange system according to the present invention. As shown in FIG.
  • the heat exchange system of the first embodiment includes: a power supply subsystem and a heat exchange subsystem.
  • the power supply subsystem in the first embodiment includes a vanadium battery module, a fuel cell module and other power supply device modules, and the power supply subsystem is used for inputting the terminal user. Send electricity.
  • the heat exchange subsystem includes: a heat exchange module.
  • the heat exchange module includes a low temperature heat exchange zone, a medium temperature heat exchange zone, and a high temperature heat exchange zone, and is used for heat dissipation of the power supply subsystem, and the recovered heat energy is used. To deliver heat to end users.
  • the heat exchange subsystem is used to dissipate heat energy for the heat dissipation of the power supply subsystem, and the heat energy is uniformly managed to finally provide high quality heat energy to the end user.
  • the battery module and the heat exchange zone may each be one or the other number. The number of battery modules and heat exchange zones can be selected as needed.
  • the heat exchange system of the first embodiment includes a heat exchange subsystem.
  • the heat exchange subsystem uniformly manages and configures the heat energy generated by the power supply subsystem, and after the heat exchange is performed by the heat exchange subsystem, the heat is taken out and finally supplied to the end user.
  • the heat exchange module includes a first line connected to the power supply subsystem and used for heat dissipation of the power supply subsystem, and a second line that exchanges heat with the first line.
  • the temperature of the fluid in the second line is higher than that in the first line.
  • the fluid temperature is low, so that, in general, the fluid in the first conduit is referred to as a hot fluid, and the fluid in the second conduit is referred to as a cold fluid.
  • the first pipeline (with internal heat fluid) is used for heat dissipation of the battery module, and the first pipeline is usually connected to the end plate of the battery stack, and the above thermal fluid is usually a battery module for the power supply subsystem.
  • a cooling medium that dissipates heat such as pure water, or other non-conductive liquids such as gases, oils, and organic solutions.
  • an external cooling medium (cold fluid) in the second pipeline to exchange heat with the first pipeline.
  • the cooling medium (cold fluid) used includes, but is not limited to, distilled water, tap water, freezing liquid, alcohol, air, Hydrogen, liquid nitrogen, etc.
  • tap water One of the most economical and convenient cooling media for further applications is tap water.
  • the heat exchange system of the first embodiment will be described below using only the hot fluid and the cold fluid. Due to the different optimal operating temperatures of different battery modules, the requirements for the temperature of the cooling medium entering the corresponding battery module are also different. The final temperature of the cooling module after the heat exchange is completed and there is also a significant difference.
  • the heat exchange module of the first embodiment is composed of different heat exchange zones, which are determined by the temperature range reached by the cooling medium, and are not limited to the low temperature heat exchange zone, the medium temperature heat exchange zone, and High temperature heat exchange zone. When the battery modules are different, the heat exchange area to the heat exchange subsystem is also different.
  • the cold fluid can be taken out from any one or more of the low temperature heat exchange zone, the medium temperature heat exchange zone and the high temperature heat exchange zone and provided to the end user.
  • the structure of the heat exchange module of the heat exchange system according to the first embodiment of the present invention is as shown in FIG. 4, wherein HE-A1 ⁇ HE-A3 HE-B1 ⁇ HE-B3 HE-C1 ⁇ HE-C3 are three groups. 9 heat exchangers, in each group (Group A, Group B, Group C) Heat exchangers from top to bottom (as shown in the figure) The heat exchange area is gradually reduced (heat transfer capacity gradually Reduce).
  • up to three sets of hot fluid can flow in from the inlet shown on the upper side of the figure, and after heat exchange, flow out from the outlet shown on the lower side of the figure.
  • Cold fluid usually tap water, used to dissipate heat from the hot fluid
  • the dotted line in Fig. 4 is the hot fluid circulation path, that is, the cooling medium circulation path for cooling each battery module in the power supply subsystem
  • the solid line is the cold fluid circulation path, that is, the cooling medium circulation path for cooling the hot fluid in the heat exchange module.
  • the dashed box is the main structure of the heat exchange module.
  • the heat exchange module is composed of three heat exchange zones, each of which is composed of a plurality of heat exchangers.
  • the heat exchange module is based on the type of the external battery module. The quantity and power are chosen to select the appropriate heat exchange zone, heat exchanger and its connection method.
  • the main features of the heat exchange module of the first embodiment are as follows: 1.
  • the hot fluid circulation path can realize series or parallel connection between any heat exchanger from the high temperature heat exchange zone to the low temperature heat exchange zone through the on and off of the valve, and the cold fluid circulation
  • the path can be connected in series or in parallel between any heat exchanger from the low temperature heat exchange zone to the high temperature heat exchange zone through the on and off of the valve.
  • the series or parallel connection between any of the above heat exchangers includes both series or parallel connection between heat exchangers in the same heat exchange zone, and series or parallel connection between heat exchangers in different heat exchange zones. 2. In the same heat exchange zone, the heat exchange areas of the heat exchangers are different. Of course, the heat exchange areas of the heat exchangers may be equal, or the heat exchange areas of some of the heat exchangers may be equal, as needed. Third, each heat exchange zone can be operated independently, and can be operated in parallel or in series.
  • the above heat exchange module has the following advantages:
  • Heat exchangers with different heat exchange areas or series or parallel combination of heat exchangers can be connected to meet different requirements of heat exchange area of power supply subsystems with different powers.
  • the heat exchangers of different heat exchange zones can be connected in series to realize heat exchange for the high-power power supply system.
  • Embodiment 1 of the heat exchange system according to the present invention can meet the requirements of the system for different heat exchange rates by switching between heat exchangers of different heat exchange capacities in the same heat exchange zone.
  • the heat exchange module includes three heat exchange zones (Group A, Group B, Group C).
  • the battery module includes a vanadium battery with a thermal power of 1000 W and a 4000 W proton exchange membrane fuel cell at rated electrical power.
  • the proton exchange membrane fuel cell cooling medium enters the heat exchange module from the inlet of the hot fluid 1 (connecting the outlet of the stack), and is discharged from the outlet of the hot fluid 1 (connecting the inlet of the stack); the cooling medium of the vanadium battery enters from the inlet of the hot fluid 2,
  • the hot fluid 2 outlet flows out
  • HE-Al-HE-A3 is designed for the proton exchange membrane fuel cell thermal power at 1000 W, 2000 W, 4000 W
  • the HE-B1 ⁇ HE-B3 is the vanadium battery thermal power. Designed for 200 W, 600 W, 1000 W operation.
  • the vanadium battery operates at rated power, and the heat transfer requirement can be achieved by the HE-B3 heat exchanger.
  • the thermal power of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell is changed from the rated power to 1000 W, and the HE-A3 heat exchanger cannot be used efficiently.
  • HE-A1 can achieve efficient heat transfer.
  • the working state of the heat exchange module is shown in Figure 5, where only the working path is marked.
  • the state of use mainly emphasizes that in the heat exchange module of the first embodiment, the heat generated by the power generation module can be effectively removed by switching between heat exchangers having different heat exchange capacities under the same conditions.
  • the parallel connection between the heat exchangers of different heat exchange capacities in the same heat exchange zone can meet the requirements of the system for different heat exchange amounts. As shown in FIG.
  • the heat exchange module includes three heat exchange zones (Group A, Group B, Group C).
  • the battery module includes a vanadium battery with a thermal power of 1000 W and a 4000 W proton exchange membrane fuel cell at rated electrical power.
  • the proton exchange membrane fuel cell cooling medium enters the heat exchange module from the inlet of the hot fluid 1 and is discharged from the outlet of the hot fluid 1; the cooling medium of the vanadium battery enters from the inlet of the hot fluid 2 and flows out from the outlet of the hot fluid 2, HE-Al-HE-A3 is The thermal power of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell was designed at 1000 W, 2000 W, 4000 W, and the HE-B1 ⁇ HE-B3 was designed for the thermal power of the vanadium battery at 200 W, 600 W, and 1000 W, respectively.
  • the thermal power of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell and the vanadium battery is rated power, and the heat exchange requirements can be achieved by the HE-A3 and HE-B3 heat exchangers respectively.
  • the heat generation is larger than the rated power.
  • HE-B2 can be realized by paralleling HE-B3 on the basis of the HE-B3 heat exchanger.
  • the working state of the heat exchange module is shown in Figure 6, where only the working path is marked. The state of use mainly emphasizes that in the heat exchange module of the present invention, the parallel combination of heat exchangers having different heat exchange capacities under the same conditions can be used to meet the different requirements of the battery for different operating conditions.
  • the series connection between the heat exchangers having different heat exchange capacities in the same heat exchange zone can meet the requirements of the system for different heat exchange amounts.
  • the heat exchange module includes three heat exchange zones (Group A, Group B, Group C).
  • the battery module includes a vanadium battery with a thermal power of 1000 W and a 4000 W proton exchange membrane fuel cell at rated electrical power.
  • the proton exchange membrane fuel cell cooling medium enters the heat exchange module from the inlet of the hot fluid 1 and is discharged from the outlet of the hot fluid 1; the cooling medium of the vanadium battery enters from the inlet of the hot fluid 2 and flows out from the outlet of the hot fluid 2, HE-Al-HE-A3 is The thermal power of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell is designed at 1000 W, 2000 W, 4000 W, and the HE-B1 ⁇ HE-B3 is the thermal power of the vanadium battery. Designed for operation at 200 W, 600 W, 1000 W.
  • the thermal power of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell and the vanadium battery is rated power, and the heat exchange requirements can be achieved by the HE-A3 and HE-B3 heat exchangers respectively; when the working current density of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell increases, the stack heat The power exceeds the rated power.
  • the heat storage fluid of the stack cooling medium, HE-A3, requires deep heat exchange to ensure the normal operation of the stack. It can be realized by connecting HE-A1 in series with the HE-A3 heat exchanger.
  • the working state of the heat exchange module is shown in Figure 7, where only the working path is marked.
  • the state of use mainly emphasizes that in the heat exchange module of the present invention, the series combination of heat exchangers having different heat exchange capacities under the same conditions can be used to satisfy different requirements of the user for the outlet water temperature.
  • Embodiment 1 of the heat exchange system according to the present invention can meet the requirements of different heat output conditions of the system by parallel connection of heat exchangers in different heat exchange zones.
  • the heat exchange module includes three heat exchange zones (Group A, Group B, Group C).
  • the battery module includes a vanadium battery with a thermal power of 1000 W and a 4000 W proton exchange membrane fuel cell at rated electrical power.
  • the proton exchange membrane fuel cell cooling medium enters the heat exchange module from the inlet of the hot fluid 1 and exits from the outlet of the hot fluid 1; the cooling medium of the vanadium battery enters from the inlet of the hot fluid 2, flows out from the outlet of the hot fluid 2, and the HE-A1 HE-A3 is a proton
  • the thermal power of the exchange membrane fuel cell was designed at 1000 W, 2000 W, 4000 W, and the HE-B1-HE-B3 was designed for the thermal power of the vanadium battery at 200 W, 600 W, and 1000 W, respectively.
  • the proton exchange membrane fuel cell power is 3000 W, and the thermal power of the vanadium battery is the rated power.
  • the heat transfer requirements can be achieved by the HE-A3 and HE-B3 heat exchangers respectively.
  • HE-A3 and HE-B3 can be connected in series, and the working state of the heat exchange module is as shown in FIG. Only the path to work is marked.
  • the state of use mainly emphasizes that in the heat exchange module of the present invention, the heat management of different battery modules can be performed by series connection of heat exchangers between different temperature zones.
  • Embodiment 1 of the heat exchange system according to the present invention can meet the requirements of different heat exchange amounts of the system by parallel connection of heat exchangers in different heat exchange zones. As shown in FIG.
  • the heat exchange module includes three heat exchange zones (Group A, Group B, Group C).
  • the battery module includes a vanadium battery with a thermal power of 1000 W and a 4000 W proton exchange membrane fuel cell at rated electrical power.
  • the proton exchange membrane fuel cell cooling medium enters the heat exchanger module from the inlet of the hot fluid 1 and is discharged from the outlet of the hot fluid 1; the cooling medium of the vanadium battery enters from the inlet of the hot fluid 2 and flows out from the outlet of the hot fluid 2, HE-A1 HE-A3 is
  • the thermal power of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell was designed at 1000 W, 2000 W, 4000 W, and the HE-B1-HE-B3 was designed for the thermal power of the vanadium battery at 200 W, 600 W, and 1000 W, respectively.
  • the thermal power of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell and the vanadium battery is rated power, and the heat exchange requirement can be achieved by the HE-A3.HE-B3 heat exchanger.
  • the heat exchangers of the B group heat exchangers cannot meet the flow requirements due to the change of the thermal power.
  • the heat exchangers of Group B and Group C can be connected in parallel as needed.
  • the heat generation of the power generation device can be efficiently managed by parallel connection of different sets of heat exchangers when the power of the device is increased.
  • a first heating module is further included for heating the cooling medium before passing through the heat exchange zone (Group A) to meet a specific battery.
  • the module's temperature requirements for the cooling medium can also be disposed upstream of the cold fluid path of group B as needed, or a first heating module can be disposed upstream of the cold fluid paths of group A and group B.
  • the first heating module can also be disposed upstream of the cold fluid paths of group A and group B.
  • the first heating module in addition to including the first heating module, as shown in FIG.
  • the second heating module is further included, when all the energy supply modules in the system are inoperative or the water temperature does not meet the specific requirements.
  • the second heating module ensures that the system continues to provide excellent thermal energy to the end user.
  • the present invention also provides a heat exchange method, which utilizes the heat exchange system described above, as shown in FIG. 10, and includes the following steps:
  • S10 The battery module of the power supply subsystem is used to deliver power to the end user.
  • the heat exchange module of the heat exchange subsystem is used to dissipate heat from the power supply subsystem, and the heat energy recovered at the same time is used to transmit heat energy to the end user.
  • there are a plurality of battery modules and the heat exchange module includes a plurality of heat exchange zones, and each of the battery modules is selectively connectable to one or more heat exchange zones of the plurality of heat exchange zones.
  • Figure 11 is a schematic view showing the connection of the second embodiment of the heat exchange system according to the present invention. As shown in FIG. 11, the heat exchange system of Embodiment 2 includes: a power supply subsystem and a heat exchange subsystem.
  • the power supply subsystem includes: a battery module, the power supply subsystem is used to deliver power to the end user; the heat exchange subsystem includes: a heat exchange module for dissipating heat from the power supply subsystem, and the recovered heat energy is used to deliver heat energy to the end user,
  • the heat exchange module includes a first line connected to the power supply subsystem and used for heat dissipation of the power supply subsystem and a second line that exchanges heat with the first line. As shown in FIG.
  • the heat exchange module in the heat exchange system of the second embodiment further includes a heat exchange group, and the heat exchange group includes three heat exchangers, wherein the three heat exchangers have a common heat exchange pipeline and are surrounded by The peripheral heat exchange pipeline outside the common heat exchange pipeline is connected to the first pipeline or the second pipeline, and the peripheral heat exchange pipeline is connected to the second pipeline or the first pipeline.
  • the first line is usually connected to the end plate of the battery stack. Since the first line is used for heat dissipation of the battery module, the second line uses external cooling medium to dissipate heat to the first line, and the temperature of the fluid in the second line Than The temperature of the fluid in the first line is low.
  • the fluid in the first line is referred to as a hot fluid and the fluid in the second line is referred to as a cold fluid.
  • the common heat exchange pipeline of the heat exchanger of this embodiment may be a shared cold fluid pipeline (ie, the common heat exchange pipeline is connected to the second pipeline) or a shared hot fluid pipeline (ie, a shared heat exchange pipeline and the first Pipeline connection).
  • the heat exchanger shown in the second embodiment is a shell-and-tube heat exchanger, and the three heat exchangers are directly connected, and the internal spaces of the three heat exchangers are separated by two partition plates.
  • the heat exchanger may also be of other constructions, such as plate heat exchangers and other forms of heat exchangers.
  • the heat exchange subsystem is used to heat the power supply subsystem while recovering heat energy, and the heat energy is uniformly managed to finally provide high quality heat energy to the end user.
  • the good operation of the power supply subsystem is ensured, and on the other hand, the heat energy is effectively recovered, and the problem of high energy consumption and low energy utilization rate of the power supply system in the prior art is effectively solved.
  • the multiple heat exchangers in each heat exchange group have a common heat exchange pipeline, which can effectively solve the problem that the heat exchangers are flanged between the prior art and occupy a large space, so that the heat exchange system has a more structure. Compact and small footprint.
  • the heat exchange system of the second embodiment comprises a heat exchange subsystem for uniformly managing and configuring the heat energy generated by the power supply subsystem, and after heat exchange by the heat exchange subsystem, the heat is taken out and finally supplied to the end user.
  • the first pipeline is used for heat dissipation of the battery module
  • the external pipeline is required to exchange heat with the external cooling medium (cold fluid) in the second pipeline
  • the cooling medium used includes, but is not limited to, steam distillation. Water, tap water, refrigerant, alcohol, air, hydrogen, liquid nitrogen, etc.
  • One of the most economical and convenient cooling media for further applications is tap water.
  • the heat exchange module includes a heat exchange group, and the heat exchange group includes three heat exchangers, and the common heat exchange pipeline is connected to the second pipeline, and the reverse flow mode is taken as an example, wherein the cold fluid is from three.
  • the common heat exchange tubes in the middle of the heat exchangers flow through, and the three first tubes enter the heat exchangers A, B and C from the lower inlets in Fig. 12, respectively, in the heat exchangers A, B and C Thereafter, the outlet flows out through the upper side shown in FIG.
  • the cold fluid is typically tap water, which is typically a cooling medium for the battery modules of the power supply subsystem, such as pure water, or other non-conductive liquids such as gases, oils, organic solutions, and the like.
  • Direct connection between different heat exchangers in a group eliminates the usual connection parts, such as flange connections.
  • the heat exchange area of the heat exchangers may be the same, or preferably, the heat exchange areas of the heat exchangers are all different.
  • the main features of the heat exchange module of this embodiment are as follows: 1. Integration of different heat exchangers through a common heat exchange pipeline can save space occupied by the heat exchange subsystem.
  • the number of heat exchangers in the heat exchange group, the heat exchange area, and the flow patterns of the cold and hot fluids, such as cocurrent, countercurrent and countercurrent, can be designed and divided. Combination, etc. 3.
  • a first valve is disposed between the battery module and the heat exchanger, and a second valve is disposed between each heat exchanger in the heat exchange group.
  • Each heat exchanger in each heat exchange group can be operated separately, or can be connected in parallel or in series by switching the first valve and/or the second valve.
  • the different requirements of the heat transfer area and the flow rate of the cooling medium of the battery module in the power supply subsystem can be met by connecting heat exchangers of different heat exchange areas or by series and/or parallel combination of heat exchangers.
  • 13 to 16 are views showing four usage states of the heat exchange module of the second embodiment of the heat exchange system according to the present invention. The four usage states will be described in detail below.
  • Embodiment 2 of the heat exchange system according to the present invention can meet the requirements of different heat exchange amounts of the system by switching between different heat exchangers.
  • the heat exchange module includes a heat exchange group including a heat exchanger A, a heat exchanger B, and a heat exchanger C
  • the battery module includes heat at rated electric power.
  • a proton exchange membrane fuel cell with a power of 3000 W Heat exchanger A, heat exchanger B and heat exchanger C can meet the heat transfer requirements of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell thermal power at 3000 W, 2000 W, 1000 W, respectively (the shared heat exchange pipeline is the second tube)
  • the road is connected, that is, the cold fluid is introduced into the shared heat-dissipating pipeline, and the cold and hot fluids are reversed.
  • the heat exchanger A can meet the heat exchange requirement; and when the thermal power changes to 1000 W, the heat exchanger A cannot achieve normal and efficient heat exchange. Efficient heat transfer can be achieved with heat exchanger C.
  • the changed operating state is shown in Fig.
  • Embodiment 2 of the heat exchange system according to the present invention can satisfy the demand for different heat exchange amounts of the system by connecting series between different heat exchangers. As shown in FIG.
  • the heat exchange module includes a heat exchange group including a heat exchanger A, a heat exchanger B, and a heat exchanger C, and the battery module includes heat at rated electric power.
  • Heat exchanger A, heat exchanger B and heat exchanger C can meet the heat transfer requirements of proton exchange membrane fuel cell thermal power at 3000 W, 2000 W, 1000 W, respectively.
  • the heat exchange pipeline is connected to the second pipeline, that is, the cold heat fluid is introduced into the common heat dissipation pipeline, and the hot and cold fluid flows in the opposite direction.
  • the heat exchanger A can meet the heat exchange requirement; and when the proton exchange membrane fuel cell operates under a large current load, the heat generated is significantly increased, and the heat is separately changed. Heater A can no longer guarantee the stable operation of the stack at the set temperature.
  • a feasible method is to connect heat exchanger A and heat exchanger B in series to increase the heat exchange area and ensure the stability of the operating temperature of the stack.
  • the changed operating state is shown in Figure 14, in which the inactive path is omitted, and the hot fluid in the figure is the cooling medium in the first line that is in heat exchange with the proton exchange membrane fuel cell.
  • the state of use mainly emphasizes that in the heat exchange module of the second embodiment, the heat generated by the power generation module can be effectively removed by the series connection between the heat exchangers having different heat exchange capacities under the same conditions.
  • the above switching is accomplished by switching the second valve between the heat exchangers in the heat exchange group.
  • Embodiment 2 of the heat exchange system according to the present invention can satisfy the demand for different heat exchange amounts of the system by parallel connection between different heat exchangers.
  • the heat exchange module includes a heat exchange group including a heat exchanger A, a heat exchanger B, and a heat exchanger C
  • the battery module includes thermal power at rated electric power. Power supply system for 900 W vanadium battery.
  • Heat exchanger A, heat exchanger B and heat exchanger C can meet the heat transfer requirements of the vanadium battery thermal power at 900 W, 600 W, 300 W, respectively (the shared heat pipe is connected to the second pipe, ie A cold fluid is introduced into the shared heat pipe, and the cold and hot fluids flow in the opposite direction.
  • the heat exchanger A can meet the heat exchange needs; and when the vanadium battery needs to work below the rated working temperature, the temperature of the stack cooling medium, ie the hot fluid, will decrease, taking away The same heat requires more cooling medium, that is, the heat fluid flow rate of the heat exchanger will increase significantly.
  • the use of heat exchanger A will significantly increase the power consumption, and may even exceed the design flow rate of heat exchanger A.
  • the method is to parallel the heat exchanger C and the heat exchanger A to ensure that the stack operates at the set temperature.
  • the changed operating state is shown in Fig. 15, in which the inoperative path is omitted, and the hot fluid in the figure is the cooling medium in the first line that is heat exchanged with the vanadium battery.
  • the state of use mainly emphasizes that in the heat exchange module of the second embodiment, the heat generated by the power generation module can be effectively removed by parallel connection between the heat exchangers with different heat exchange capacities under the same conditions, thereby ensuring the relative operation of the battery stack. stable.
  • the heat exchange module of the second embodiment of the heat exchange system according to the present invention can also implement thermal management of a plurality of battery modules.
  • the heat exchange module includes a heat exchange group including a heat exchanger A, a heat exchanger B, and a heat exchanger C
  • the battery module includes heat at rated electric power.
  • the heat exchange requirement of the heat power of the vanadium battery of the heat exchanger A is 900 W
  • the heat exchanger B and the heat exchanger C can meet the heat power of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell under the rated electric power of 3000 W and 1500 W.
  • Heat requirement (the shared heat pipe is connected to the second pipe, that is, the cold heat is supplied to the shared heat pipe, and the cold and hot fluids flow in the opposite direction).
  • Vanadium batteries and proton exchange membrane fuel cells operate at rated power and pass through heat exchanger A and heat exchanger B to meet heat transfer requirements.
  • the working state is shown in Fig. 16, in which the non-working path is omitted.
  • the hot fluid 1 in the figure is the cooling medium in the first line which is heat exchanged with the vanadium battery, and the hot fluid 2 is the heat exchange with the proton exchange membrane fuel cell.
  • the fluid in the first line This use The state mainly emphasizes that in the heat exchange module of the second embodiment, the heat generated by the plurality of battery modules can be uniformly managed.
  • the common heat exchange line may also be in communication with the first line.
  • one or more of the heat and flow required to be removed from the cooling medium in the first line may be selected.
  • Heat exchangers As shown in FIG. 17, in the third embodiment, the difference from the second embodiment is that the heat exchange module of the third embodiment includes a heat exchange group, and the heat exchange group includes four heat exchangers, respectively, a heat exchanger E. , heat exchanger F, heat exchanger G and heat exchanger H.
  • the heat exchange module of the third embodiment is particularly suitable for the heat management of the power supply subsystem composed of the vanadium battery module and the fuel cell module, and two of the four heat exchangers of the third embodiment are used for the anode of the fuel cell.
  • the heat exchange module of the third embodiment includes four first pipelines and one second pipeline, and the second pipeline is connected to the common heat exchange pipeline, and the four first pipelines are respectively: a battery with the vanadium battery module a circulation line connected to the end plate of the stack, a circulation line connected to the end plate of the battery stack of the fuel cell module, and two exhaust gas outlets (the cathode exhaust gas outlet and the anode exhaust gas outlet) of the fuel cell module Connected heat exchange lines.
  • a battery with the vanadium battery module a circulation line connected to the end plate of the stack
  • a circulation line connected to the end plate of the battery stack of the fuel cell module
  • two exhaust gas outlets the cathode exhaust gas outlet and the anode exhaust gas outlet
  • the exhaust gas heat exchanger is equivalent to being integrated into the heat exchange module, thereby improving the integration degree of the system.
  • the heat exchange areas of heat exchanger E, heat exchanger F, heat exchanger G and heat exchanger H are different, and heat exchanger E and heat exchanger H are used for vanadium battery and proton exchange, respectively.
  • Heat exchange of membrane fuel cells The heat exchanger F and the heat exchanger G are respectively used for heat exchange between the anode off-gas and the cathode off-gas of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell.
  • the hot fluid 3 in the figure is a cooling medium in a first line that is in heat exchange with a vanadium battery
  • the hot fluid 6 is a cooling medium in a first line that is in heat exchange with a proton exchange membrane fuel cell
  • the hot fluid 4 is a fuel
  • the cooling medium in the first line communicating with the anode off-gas outlet of the battery
  • the hot fluid 5 being the cooling medium in the first line in communication with the cathode off-gas outlet of the fuel cell.
  • the heat exchange sequence is that the cooling medium in the second pipeline is first heat exchanged with the cooling medium for the vanadium battery module and then exchanged with the cooling medium for the fuel cell module, and the exhaust gas of the fuel cell module (cathode tail gas and anode exhaust gas) The heat exchange is between the two.
  • the exhaust gas (cathode off-gas and anode off-gas) heat exchange of the fuel cell module may also be placed after the heat exchange for the fuel cell module cooling medium, and the cathode exhaust of the fuel cell module The order of heat exchange with the anode off-gas can be exchanged.

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Abstract

The present invention provides a heat exchange system and a heat exchange method. The heat exchange system comprises: a power supply subsystem and a heat exchange subsystem. The power supply subsystem comprises a battery module, used for delivering electric energy to a terminal user. The heat exchange subsystem comprises a heat exchange module, used for dissipating heat of the power supply subsystem, and delivering recycled heat energy to the terminal user. According to the present invention, heat energy generated by the power supply subsystem during working is uniformly managed and optimized, which effectively increases the efficiency and service life of the system, and improves the integration level of the system. Meanwhile, problems of high energy consumption and low energy utilization rate of a power supply system in the prior art are effectively solved.

Description

热交换***及热交换方法 技术领域 本发明涉及电池的热交换技术领域， 具体而言， 涉及一种热交换***及热交换方 法。 背景技术 燃料电池是一种环保、高效、长寿命的发电装置。以质子交换膜燃料电池 (PEMFC) 为例， 燃料气体从阳极侧进入， 氢原子在阳极失去电子变成质子， 质子穿过质子交换 膜到达阴极， 电子同时经由外部回路也到达阴极， 在阴极质子、 电子与氧气结合生成 水。 燃料电池采用非燃烧的方式将化学能转化为电能， 由于不受卡诺循环的限制其直 接发电效率可高达 45%。 以电池堆为核心发电装置， 燃料电池***集成了电源管理、 热管理等模块， 具有热、 电、 水、 气统筹管理的特征。 燃料电池***产品从固定式电 站到移动式电源， 从电动汽车到航天飞船， 从军用装备到民用产品有着广泛的应用空 间。 燃料电池作为供电电源使用时， 在一定的功率下工作具有最佳的工作效率。 但外 界负载具有非连续性和非稳定性， 电池***难以持续在最佳状态下工作， 从而降低系 统的能量利用率。 全钒氧化还原液流电池 （VRB， 以下简称钒电池） 也是一种环境友好的新型储能 ***和高效的能量转化装置， 具有规模大、 寿命长、 成本低、 效率高的特点。 钒电池 可以作为发电***中的大规模电能储存和高效转换设备， 用于电网的削峰填谷和平衡 负荷， 起到提高电能供给质量及电站运行稳定性的作用。 钒电池分别以钒离子 V5+/V4+和 V3+/V2+作为电池的正负极氧化还原电对， 将正负 极电解液分别存储于两个储液罐中， 由耐酸液体泵驱动活性电解液至反应场所 （电池 堆） 再回至储液罐中形成循环液流回路， 以实现充放电过程。 在全钒氧化还原液流电 池储能***中， 电池堆性能的好坏决定着整个***的充放电性能， 尤其是充放电功率 及效率。 电池堆是由多片单电池依次叠放压紧， 串联而成。 钒电池电解液中不同价态的电解质溶解度随温度的变化趋势有所不同， 其中五价 钒离子在高温下易沉淀， 其他价态的钒离子在低温下易沉淀。 当电解液中电解质浓度 较高时， 在高电荷态下正极电解液中五价钒离子化合物的稳定性和溶解度会降低而析 出结晶。 这些析出物可能引起石墨毡、 管道及液体泵等的堵塞， 降低电池***的充放 电效率， 甚至导致电池堆无法正常工作。 为了保证电池的正常运行和高效使用， 需要 对电池***的温度进行合理的控制。 而现有技术中， 钒电池在使用过程中产生的热量 并未加以利用， ***的能耗也处于较高的水平。 针对如何统一管理和利用上述的电池 （包括燃料电池、 钒电池及其他供电***） 产生的热量， 即供电***的能耗高、 能量利用率低的问题， 目前尚未提出有效的解决 TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to the field of heat exchange technology for batteries, and in particular to a heat exchange system and a heat exchange method. BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION A fuel cell is an environmentally friendly, highly efficient, long-life power generating device. Taking a proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) as an example, the fuel gas enters from the anode side, the hydrogen atoms lose electrons at the anode and become protons, the protons pass through the proton exchange membrane to the cathode, and the electrons also reach the cathode through the external loop, at the cathode proton. , electrons and oxygen combine to form water. The fuel cell converts chemical energy into electrical energy in a non-combustion manner, and its direct power generation efficiency can be as high as 45% due to the limitation of the Carnot cycle. With the battery stack as the core power generation device, the fuel cell system integrates power management, thermal management and other modules, and has the characteristics of heat, electricity, water and gas management. Fuel cell system products range from fixed power stations to mobile power supplies, from electric vehicles to spacecraft, from military equipment to civilian products. When the fuel cell is used as a power supply, it works at a certain power with the best working efficiency. However, the external load is discontinuous and unstable, and it is difficult for the battery system to continue to operate at an optimum state, thereby reducing the energy utilization rate of the system. The all-vanadium redox flow battery (VRB, hereinafter referred to as vanadium battery) is also an environmentally friendly new energy storage system and an efficient energy conversion device, featuring large scale, long life, low cost and high efficiency. The vanadium battery can be used as a large-scale electric energy storage and high-efficiency conversion equipment in the power generation system, which is used for peak-cutting and balancing load of the power grid, and plays a role in improving the quality of power supply and the stability of power plant operation. The vanadium battery uses vanadium ions V 5+ /V 4+ and V 3+ /V 2+ as the positive and negative oxide redox pairs of the battery, and the positive and negative electrolytes are respectively stored in two liquid storage tanks, which are acid-resistant. The liquid pump drives the active electrolyte to the reaction site (battery stack) and then returns to the liquid storage tank to form a circulating liquid flow circuit to realize the charging and discharging process. In the all-vanadium redox flow battery energy storage system, the performance of the battery stack determines the charge and discharge performance of the entire system, especially the charge and discharge power and efficiency. The battery stack is formed by stacking a plurality of single cells in series and pressing them in series. The solubility of electrolytes in different valence states of vanadium battery electrolytes varies with temperature. Among them, pentavalent vanadium ions are easy to precipitate at high temperatures, and vanadium ions of other valence states are easy to precipitate at low temperatures. When the electrolyte concentration in the electrolyte is high, the stability and solubility of the pentavalent vanadium ion compound in the positive electrode electrolyte are lowered in the high charge state to precipitate crystals. These precipitates may cause clogging of graphite felts, pipes, and liquid pumps, which may reduce the charging and discharging efficiency of the battery system, and may even cause the battery stack to malfunction. In order to ensure the normal operation and efficient use of the battery, it is necessary Reasonable control of the temperature of the battery system. In the prior art, the heat generated by the vanadium battery during use is not utilized, and the energy consumption of the system is also at a relatively high level. There is no effective solution to the problem of how to uniformly manage and utilize the heat generated by the above-mentioned batteries (including fuel cells, vanadium batteries and other power supply systems), that is, the high energy consumption and low energy utilization of the power supply system.
发明内容 本发明旨在提供一种热交换***及热交换方法， 以解决现有技术中供电***的能 耗高、 能量利用率低的问题。 为了实现上述目的， 根据本发明的一个方面， 提供了一种热交换***， 包括： 供 电子***， 包括： 电池模块， 供电子***用于为终端用户输送电能； 热交换子***， 包括： 热交换模块， 用于供电子***的散热， 同时将回收的热能用于为终端用户输送 热能。 进一步地， 电池模块为多个， 热交换模块包括多个换热区。 进一步地， 多个电池模块中的每个电池模块可选择地连接至多个换热区中的一个 或多个换热区。 进一步地， 当电池模块连接至多个换热区时， 各换热区之间为并联或者串联。 进一步地， 每个换热区内均包括多个换热器。 进一步地， 每个换热区内的每个换热器的换热面积均不相同。 进一步地， 每个换热区内的各个换热器之间为并联或者串联。 进一步地， 本发明的热交换***还包括： 加热模块， 用于加热通过换热区之后的 冷却介质。 进一步地， 本发明的热交换***还包括： 加热模块， 加热模块包括： 第一加热模 块， 用于加热通过换热区之前的冷却介质。 进一步地， 加热模块还包括： 第二加热模块， 用于加热通过换热区之后的冷却介 质 根据本发明的另一方面， 提供了一种热交换方法， 利用上述的热交换***， 包括 以下步骤： 利用供电子***的电池模块为终端用户输送电能； 利用热交换子***的热 交换模块为供电子***散热， 并将同时回收的热能用于为终端用户输送热能。 进一步地， 电池模块为多个， 热交换模块包括多个换热区， 每个电池模块可选择 地连接至多个换热区中的一个或多个换热区。 根据本发明的另一方面， 提供了一种热交换***， 包括： 供电子***， 包括： 电 池模块， 供电子***用于为终端用户输送电能； 热交换子***， 包括： 热交换模块， 用于供电子***的散热， 同时将回收的热能用于为终端用户输送热能， 热交换模块包 括与供电子***连接并用于供电子***的散热的第一管路和与第一管路发生热交换的 第二管路， 其中， 热交换模块还包括至少一个换热组， 换热组包括多个换热器， 每个 换热组中的多个换热器具有共用换热管路以及围绕在共用换热管路外部的***换热管 路， 共用换热管路与第一管路或第二管路连通， ***换热管路与第二管路或第一管路 连通。 进一步地， 电池模块和第一管路均为一个， 换热组为一组， 第一管路可选择地连 接至换热组中的一个或多个换热器， 共用换热管路与第二管路连通。 进一步地， 电池模块和第一管路均为多个， 换热组为一组， 多个第一管路中的每 个第一管路可选择地连接至换热组中的一个或多个换热器， 共用换热管路与第二管路 连通。 进一步地， 当第一管路连接至换热组中的多个换热器时， 各换热器之间为并联或 者串联。 进一步地， 第一管路与换热器之间设置有第一阀门， 换热组中的各换热器之间设 置有第二阀门。 进一步地， 电池模块和第一管路均为一个， 换热组为一组， 共用换热管路与第一 管路连通。 进一步地， 电池模块和第一管路均为多个， 换热组为多组， 多个第一管路中的每 个第一管路与多组换热组中每个换热组的共用换热管路一一对应地连通。 进一步地， 每个换热组中的各换热器的换热面积均不相同。 进一步地， 电池模块包括钒电池模块和燃料电池模块； 热交换模块包括用于钒电 池模块的电池堆散热的第一管路、 用于燃料电池模块的电池堆散热的第一管路、 用于 燃料电池模块的阳极尾气及阴极尾气散热的第一管路以及与第一管路发生热交换的第 二管路， 热交换模块包括一个换热组， 换热组包括四个换热器， 四个换热器具有共用 换热管路以及围绕在共用换热管路外部的***换热管路， 第二管路与共用换热管路连 通， 第一管路与每个换热器的***换热管路一一对应地连通； 钒电池模块的电池堆、 燃料电池模块的电池堆和燃料电池模块的阳极尾气及阴极尾气的散热顺序如下： 先进 行钒电池模块的电池堆的散热、 再进行燃料电池模块的电池堆的散热， 燃料电池模块 的阳极尾气及阴极尾气的散热位于钒电池模块的电池堆的散热和燃料电池模块的电池 堆的散热之间。 在本发明的技术方案中， 提供了一种热交换***， 包括： 供电子***和热交换子 ***。 其中， 供电子***包括： 电池模块， 供电子***用于为终端用户输送电能； 热 交换子***， 包括： 热交换模块， 热交换子***与供电子***相连并用于供电子*** 的散热， 同时将回收的热能用于为终端用户输送热能。 通过本发明的热交换***， 利 用热交换子***为供电子***的散热的同时回收热能， 并统一管理热能最终为终端用 户提供优质热能。 这样， 一方面保证了供电子***的良好运行， 另一方面， 有效地回 收热能， 有效地解决了现有技术中供电***的能耗高、 能量利用率低的问题。 附图说明 构成本申请的一部分的说明书附图用来提供对本发明的进一步理解， 本发明的示 意性实施例及其说明用于解释本发明， 并不构成对本发明的不当限定。 在附图中： 图 1示出了现有技术中的钒电池模块的示意图； 图 2示出了现有技术中的燃料电池模块的示意图； 图 3示出了根据本发明的热交换***的实施例一的连接示意图； 图 4示出了图 3的热交换***的热交换模块的连接示意图； 图 5示出了图 4的热交换***的热交换模块的第一使用状态示意图； 图 6示出了图 4的热交换***的热交换模块的第二使用状态示意图； 图 7示出了图 4的热交换***的热交换模块的第三使用状态示意图； 图 8示出了图 4的热交换***的热交换模块的第四使用状态示意图; 图 9示出了图 4的热交换***的热交换模块的第五使用状态示意图； 图 10示出了根据本发明的热交换方法的实施例的流程示意图； 图 11示出了根据本发明的热交换***的实施例二的连接示意图； 图 12示出了图 11的热交换***的热交换模块的连接示意图； 图 13示出了图 12的热交换***的热交换模块的第一使用状态示意图； 图 14示出了图 12的热交换***的热交换模块的第二使用状态示意图； 图 15示出了图 12的热交换***的热交换模块的第三使用状态示意图； 图 16示出了图 12的热交换***的热交换模块的第四使用状态示意图； 以及 图 17示出了根据本发明的热交换***的实施例三的热交换模块的连接示意图。 具体实施方式 需要说明的是， 在不冲突的情况下， 本申请中的实施例及实施例中的特征可以相 互组合。 下面将参考附图并结合实施例来详细说明本发明。 本发明提供的热交换***包括供电子***和热交换子***， 供电子***的电池模 块包括钒电池模块、 燃料电池模块及其他供电模块 （例如太阳能、 钠硫电池） 等。 为 清楚说明本发明实施例， 首先介绍现有技术中钒电池模块和燃料电池模块。 图 1示出 了现有技术中的钒电池模块的示意图， 如图 1所示， 钒电池***包括电池堆 10'、正极 电解液储液罐 20'、 第一液体泵 30'、 负极电解液储液罐 2Γ和第二液体泵 3 Γ。 图 2示 出了现有技术中的燃料电池模块的示意图， 如图 2所示， 燃料电池模块包括燃料电池 堆 40'、电源管理模块 50'、热管理模块 60'和燃料重整器 70'，燃料经过燃料重整器 70' 输入到燃料电池堆 40' (若输入燃料为氢气， 则不需要使用燃料重整器）， 在燃料电池 堆 40'经过反应后， 电能经过电源管理模块 50'向终端用户输出， 热量经过热管理模块 60'向终端用户输出。 图 3示出了根据本发明的热交换***的实施例一的连接示意图， 如图 3所示， 实 施例一的热交换***包括： 供电子***以及热交换子***。 实施例一中供电子***包 括钒电池模块、 燃料电池模块和其他供电设备模块， 该供电子***用于为终端用户输 送电能。 热交换子***， 包括： 热交换模块， 实施例一中， 该热交换模块包括低温换 热区、 中温换热区和高温换热区， 用于供电子***的散热， 同时将回收的热能用于为 终端用户输送热能。 通过实施例一的热交换***， 利用热交换子***为供电子***的散热的同时回收 热能， 并统一管理热能最终为终端用户提供优质热能。 这样， 一方面保证了供电子系 统的良好运行， 另一方面， 有效地回收热能， 有效地解决了现有技术中供电***的能 耗高， 能量利用率低的问题。 在图中未示出的实施例中， 电池模块和换热区均可以为一个或者其他数量。 电池 模块和换热区的数量可以根据需要进行选择。 实施例一的热交换***包含热交换子***。 该热交换子***对供电子***所产生 的热能进行统一管理和配置， 通过热交换子***进行换热后， 将热量带出并最终供给 终端用户。 热交换模块包括与供电子***连接并用于供电子***的散热的第一管路和 与第一管路发生热交换的第二管路， 第二管路中的流体温度比第一管路中的流体温度 低， 这样， 一般情况下， 将第一管路中的流体称为热流体， 第二管路中的流体称为冷 流体。 上述换热过程中， 第一管路 （内部具有热流体） 用于电池模块的散热， 第一管 路通常与电池堆的端板连接， 上述热流体通常为用于给供电子***的电池模块散热的 冷却介质， 比如纯水， 或者气体、 油、 有机溶液等其他不导电的液体。 同时， 需要在 第二管路中使用外接冷却介质 （冷流体） 同第一管路进行热交换， 所用冷却介质 （冷 流体） 包含且不仅限于蒸熘水、 自来水、 冷冻液、 酒精、 空气、 氢气、 液氮等。 其中 一种最为经济且方便进一步应用的冷却介质为自来水。 为了便于介绍， 在下面仅使用 热流体和冷流体对实施例一的热交换***进行说明。 由于不同的电池模块对应的最佳工作温度不同， 对进入相应电池模块的冷却介质 温度的要求也各不相同， 冷却介质完成热交换后流出相应模块的最终温度也有明显差 异。 为了提高热量利用率， 实施例一的热交换模块由不同的换热区组成， 这些换热区 由冷却介质所达到的温度区间范围决定， 包含且不仅限于低温换热区、 中温换热区和 高温换热区。 当电池模块不同时， 接入热交换子***的换热区也有所不同。 根据用户 的需求及所接入电池模块的特性， 冷流体可以由低温换热区、 中温换热区及高温换热 区中的任意一个或多个区域中引出并供于终端用户。 根据本发明的实施例一的热交换***的热交换模块的结构如图 4 所示， 其中， HE-A1~HE-A3 HE-B1~HE-B3 HE-C1~HE-C3为 3组共 9个换热器， 各组内 （组 A， 组 B， 组 C) 换热器自上向下 （按图示所示方位） 换热面积逐渐减小 （换热能力逐渐 减小）。 在这个示意图中， 至多三组热流体（通常为用于电池模块散热的冷却介质）可 自图上侧所示入口流入， 经换热后自图下侧所示出口流出。 冷流体 （通常为自来水， 用于给热流体散热） 自图右侧所示入口流入， 移走热量后， 经图左侧所示出口流出。 图 4中虚线为热流体循环路径， 即供电子***中用于冷却各电池模块的冷却介质循环 路径， 实线为冷流体循环路径， 即热交换模块中用于冷却热流体的冷却介质循环路径， 虚线方框内为热交换模块的主要结构， 该热交换模块由三个换热区组成， 每个换热区 又由多个换热器组成， 热交换模块根据外接的电池模块的类型、 数量和功率来选择适 合的换热区、 换热器及其连接方法。 实施例一的热交换模块的主要特点如下： 一、 热流体循环路径可以通过阀门的通断实现由高温换热区到低温换热区的任意 换热器之间的串联或并联， 冷流体循环路径可以通过阀门的通断实现由低温换热区到 高温换热区的任意换热器之间的串联或并联。 上述的任意换热器之间的串联或并联既 包括同一换热区内的换热器之间的串联或并联， 也包括不同换热区内的换热器之间的 串联或并联。 二、 同一换热区内， 各换热器的换热面积不同。 当然， 也可以根据需要， 使得换 热器的换热面积均相等， 或者部分换热器的换热面积相等。 三、 各换热区可以独立运行， 可以并联运行， 也可以串联运行。 上述的热交换模块具有以下优点： SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention is directed to a heat exchange system and a heat exchange method to solve the problems of high energy consumption and low energy utilization rate of a power supply system in the prior art. In order to achieve the above object, according to an aspect of the present invention, a heat exchange system is provided, comprising: a power supply subsystem, comprising: a battery module, the power supply subsystem is configured to supply power to an end user; and the heat exchange subsystem includes: The switch module is used for heat dissipation of the power supply subsystem, and the recovered heat energy is used to transfer heat energy to the end user. Further, there are a plurality of battery modules, and the heat exchange module includes a plurality of heat exchange regions. Further, each of the plurality of battery modules is selectively connectable to one or more of the plurality of heat exchange zones. Further, when the battery module is connected to a plurality of heat exchange zones, the heat exchange zones are connected in parallel or in series. Further, each heat exchange zone includes a plurality of heat exchangers. Further, the heat exchange area of each heat exchanger in each heat exchange zone is different. Further, each heat exchanger in each heat exchange zone is connected in parallel or in series. Further, the heat exchange system of the present invention further comprises: a heating module for heating the cooling medium after passing through the heat exchange zone. Further, the heat exchange system of the present invention further comprises: a heating module, the heating module comprising: a first heating module for heating the cooling medium before passing through the heat exchange zone. Further, the heating module further includes: a second heating module, configured to heat the cooling medium after passing through the heat exchange zone According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a heat exchange method, comprising the steps of: utilizing a battery module of a power supply subsystem to deliver electrical energy to an end user; and utilizing a heat exchange module of the heat exchange subsystem The power subsystem dissipates heat and uses the heat recovered at the same time to deliver thermal energy to the end user. Further, there are a plurality of battery modules, and the heat exchange module includes a plurality of heat exchange zones, and each of the battery modules is selectively connectable to one or more heat exchange zones of the plurality of heat exchange zones. According to another aspect of the present invention, a heat exchange system is provided, comprising: a power supply subsystem, comprising: a battery module, a power supply subsystem for transmitting power to an end user; a heat exchange subsystem, comprising: a heat exchange module, In the heat dissipation of the power supply subsystem, and the recovered heat energy is used to transfer heat energy to the end user, the heat exchange module includes a first pipeline connected to the power supply subsystem and used for heat dissipation of the power supply subsystem, and heat exchange with the first pipeline The second pipeline, wherein the heat exchange module further comprises at least one heat exchange group, the heat exchange group includes a plurality of heat exchangers, and the plurality of heat exchangers in each heat exchange group have a common heat exchange pipeline and surround The peripheral heat exchange pipeline outside the common heat exchange pipeline, the common heat exchange pipeline is connected with the first pipeline or the second pipeline, and the peripheral heat exchange pipeline is connected with the second pipeline or the first pipeline. Further, the battery module and the first pipeline are one, the heat exchange group is a group, and the first pipeline is selectively connected to one or more heat exchangers in the heat exchange group, and the common heat exchange pipeline and the first The two pipelines are connected. Further, the battery module and the first pipeline are both in plurality, and the heat exchange group is a group, and each of the plurality of first pipelines is selectively connected to one or more of the heat exchange groups The heat exchanger, the common heat exchange pipeline is connected to the second pipeline. Further, when the first pipeline is connected to the plurality of heat exchangers in the heat exchange group, the heat exchangers are connected in parallel or in series. Further, a first valve is disposed between the first pipeline and the heat exchanger, and a second valve is disposed between each heat exchanger in the heat exchange group. Further, the battery module and the first pipeline are both, and the heat exchange group is a group, and the common heat exchange pipeline is in communication with the first pipeline. Further, the battery module and the first pipeline are multiple, and the heat exchange group is a plurality of groups, and each of the plurality of first pipelines is shared with each of the plurality of heat exchange groups. The heat exchange tubes are connected one by one in correspondence. Further, the heat exchange areas of the heat exchangers in each heat exchange group are different. Further, the battery module includes a vanadium battery module and a fuel cell module; the heat exchange module includes a first conduit for heat dissipation of the stack of the vanadium battery module, a first conduit for heat dissipation of the stack of the fuel cell module, a first line for cooling the anode tail gas and the cathode exhaust gas of the fuel cell module and a second line for heat exchange with the first line, the heat exchange module includes a heat exchange group, and the heat exchange group includes four heat exchangers, four The heat exchangers have a common heat exchange pipeline and a peripheral heat exchange pipeline surrounding the common heat exchange pipeline, and the second pipeline is connected to the common heat exchange pipeline, and the first pipeline and the periphery of each heat exchanger The heat exchange tubes are connected one-to-one; the heat dissipation sequence of the battery stack of the vanadium battery module, the battery stack of the fuel cell module, and the anode exhaust gas and the cathode exhaust gas of the fuel cell module are as follows: First, the heat dissipation of the battery stack of the vanadium battery module is performed. Dissipating heat from the stack of the fuel cell module, heat dissipation of the anode tail gas of the fuel cell module and heat dissipation of the cathode exhaust gas in the stack of the vanadium battery module and the fuel cell module The stack between the heat sink. In the technical solution of the present invention, a heat exchange system is provided, comprising: a power supply subsystem and a heat exchange subsystem. The power supply subsystem includes: a battery module, the power supply subsystem is used to deliver power to the end user; the heat exchange subsystem includes: a heat exchange module, the heat exchange subsystem is connected to the power supply subsystem and used for heat dissipation of the power supply subsystem, The recovered heat is used to deliver thermal energy to the end user. Through the heat exchange system of the present invention, the heat exchange subsystem is used to dissipate heat energy for the heat dissipation of the power supply subsystem, and the heat energy is uniformly managed to finally provide high quality heat energy to the end user. In this way, on the one hand, the good operation of the power supply subsystem is ensured, on the other hand, the heat energy is effectively recovered, and the problem of high energy consumption and low energy utilization rate of the power supply system in the prior art is effectively solved. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in FIG. In the drawings: Figure 1 shows a schematic view of a prior art vanadium battery module; Figure 2 shows a schematic view of a prior art fuel cell module; Figure 3 shows a heat exchange system according to the invention Figure 1 is a schematic view showing the connection of the heat exchange module of the heat exchange system of Figure 3; Figure 5 is a schematic view showing the first use state of the heat exchange module of the heat exchange system of Figure 4; A schematic diagram showing a second state of use of the heat exchange module of the heat exchange system of FIG. 4; FIG. 7 is a schematic view showing a third state of use of the heat exchange module of the heat exchange system of FIG. 4; Figure 8 is a schematic view showing a fourth use state of the heat exchange module of the heat exchange system of Figure 4; Figure 9 is a view showing a fifth use state of the heat exchange module of the heat exchange system of Figure 4; Schematic diagram of an embodiment of the heat exchange method of the present invention; FIG. 11 is a schematic view showing the connection of the second embodiment of the heat exchange system according to the present invention; and FIG. 12 is a diagram showing the connection of the heat exchange module of the heat exchange system of FIG. Figure 13 is a schematic view showing a first use state of the heat exchange module of the heat exchange system of Figure 12; Figure 14 is a schematic view showing a second use state of the heat exchange module of the heat exchange system of Figure 12; FIG. 16 is a schematic view showing a fourth use state of the heat exchange module of the heat exchange system of FIG. 12; and FIG. 17 is a view showing a fourth use state of the heat exchange module of the heat exchange system of FIG. 12; A schematic diagram of the connection of the heat exchange module of the third embodiment of the heat exchange system. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS It should be noted that the embodiments in the present application and the features in the embodiments may be combined with each other without conflict. The invention will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings in conjunction with the embodiments. The heat exchange system provided by the invention comprises a power supply subsystem and a heat exchange subsystem, and the battery module of the power supply subsystem comprises a vanadium battery module, a fuel cell module and other power supply modules (such as solar energy, sodium sulfur battery) and the like. In order to clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention, the vanadium battery module and the fuel cell module of the prior art are first introduced. 1 shows a schematic diagram of a vanadium battery module in the prior art. As shown in FIG. 1, the vanadium battery system includes a battery stack 10', a positive electrode electrolyte reservoir 20', a first liquid pump 30', and a negative electrolyte. The liquid storage tank 2 and the second liquid pump 3 are. 2 shows a schematic diagram of a prior art fuel cell module. As shown in FIG. 2, the fuel cell module includes a fuel cell stack 40', a power management module 50', a thermal management module 60', and a fuel reformer 70'. The fuel is input to the fuel cell stack 40' via the fuel reformer 70' (if the input fuel is hydrogen, the fuel reformer is not required), after the fuel cell stack 40' is reacted, the electric energy passes through the power management module 50' Output to the end user, the heat is output to the end user via the thermal management module 60'. 3 is a schematic diagram showing the connection of the first embodiment of the heat exchange system according to the present invention. As shown in FIG. 3, the heat exchange system of the first embodiment includes: a power supply subsystem and a heat exchange subsystem. The power supply subsystem in the first embodiment includes a vanadium battery module, a fuel cell module and other power supply device modules, and the power supply subsystem is used for inputting the terminal user. Send electricity. The heat exchange subsystem includes: a heat exchange module. In the first embodiment, the heat exchange module includes a low temperature heat exchange zone, a medium temperature heat exchange zone, and a high temperature heat exchange zone, and is used for heat dissipation of the power supply subsystem, and the recovered heat energy is used. To deliver heat to end users. Through the heat exchange system of the first embodiment, the heat exchange subsystem is used to dissipate heat energy for the heat dissipation of the power supply subsystem, and the heat energy is uniformly managed to finally provide high quality heat energy to the end user. In this way, on the one hand, the good operation of the power supply subsystem is ensured, and on the other hand, the heat energy is effectively recovered, and the problem of high energy consumption and low energy utilization rate of the power supply system in the prior art is effectively solved. In an embodiment not shown in the figures, the battery module and the heat exchange zone may each be one or the other number. The number of battery modules and heat exchange zones can be selected as needed. The heat exchange system of the first embodiment includes a heat exchange subsystem. The heat exchange subsystem uniformly manages and configures the heat energy generated by the power supply subsystem, and after the heat exchange is performed by the heat exchange subsystem, the heat is taken out and finally supplied to the end user. The heat exchange module includes a first line connected to the power supply subsystem and used for heat dissipation of the power supply subsystem, and a second line that exchanges heat with the first line. The temperature of the fluid in the second line is higher than that in the first line. The fluid temperature is low, so that, in general, the fluid in the first conduit is referred to as a hot fluid, and the fluid in the second conduit is referred to as a cold fluid. In the above heat exchange process, the first pipeline (with internal heat fluid) is used for heat dissipation of the battery module, and the first pipeline is usually connected to the end plate of the battery stack, and the above thermal fluid is usually a battery module for the power supply subsystem. A cooling medium that dissipates heat, such as pure water, or other non-conductive liquids such as gases, oils, and organic solutions. At the same time, it is necessary to use an external cooling medium (cold fluid) in the second pipeline to exchange heat with the first pipeline. The cooling medium (cold fluid) used includes, but is not limited to, distilled water, tap water, freezing liquid, alcohol, air, Hydrogen, liquid nitrogen, etc. One of the most economical and convenient cooling media for further applications is tap water. For convenience of description, the heat exchange system of the first embodiment will be described below using only the hot fluid and the cold fluid. Due to the different optimal operating temperatures of different battery modules, the requirements for the temperature of the cooling medium entering the corresponding battery module are also different. The final temperature of the cooling module after the heat exchange is completed and there is also a significant difference. In order to improve the heat utilization rate, the heat exchange module of the first embodiment is composed of different heat exchange zones, which are determined by the temperature range reached by the cooling medium, and are not limited to the low temperature heat exchange zone, the medium temperature heat exchange zone, and High temperature heat exchange zone. When the battery modules are different, the heat exchange area to the heat exchange subsystem is also different. According to the needs of the user and the characteristics of the connected battery module, the cold fluid can be taken out from any one or more of the low temperature heat exchange zone, the medium temperature heat exchange zone and the high temperature heat exchange zone and provided to the end user. The structure of the heat exchange module of the heat exchange system according to the first embodiment of the present invention is as shown in FIG. 4, wherein HE-A1~HE-A3 HE-B1~HE-B3 HE-C1~HE-C3 are three groups. 9 heat exchangers, in each group (Group A, Group B, Group C) Heat exchangers from top to bottom (as shown in the figure) The heat exchange area is gradually reduced (heat transfer capacity gradually Reduce). In this schematic diagram, up to three sets of hot fluid (usually a cooling medium for heat dissipation of the battery module) can flow in from the inlet shown on the upper side of the figure, and after heat exchange, flow out from the outlet shown on the lower side of the figure. Cold fluid (usually tap water, used to dissipate heat from the hot fluid) flows in from the inlet shown on the right side of the figure. After removing the heat, it flows out through the outlet shown on the left side of the figure. The dotted line in Fig. 4 is the hot fluid circulation path, that is, the cooling medium circulation path for cooling each battery module in the power supply subsystem, and the solid line is the cold fluid circulation path, that is, the cooling medium circulation path for cooling the hot fluid in the heat exchange module. The dashed box is the main structure of the heat exchange module. The heat exchange module is composed of three heat exchange zones, each of which is composed of a plurality of heat exchangers. The heat exchange module is based on the type of the external battery module. The quantity and power are chosen to select the appropriate heat exchange zone, heat exchanger and its connection method. The main features of the heat exchange module of the first embodiment are as follows: 1. The hot fluid circulation path can realize series or parallel connection between any heat exchanger from the high temperature heat exchange zone to the low temperature heat exchange zone through the on and off of the valve, and the cold fluid circulation The path can be connected in series or in parallel between any heat exchanger from the low temperature heat exchange zone to the high temperature heat exchange zone through the on and off of the valve. The series or parallel connection between any of the above heat exchangers includes both series or parallel connection between heat exchangers in the same heat exchange zone, and series or parallel connection between heat exchangers in different heat exchange zones. 2. In the same heat exchange zone, the heat exchange areas of the heat exchangers are different. Of course, the heat exchange areas of the heat exchangers may be equal, or the heat exchange areas of some of the heat exchangers may be equal, as needed. Third, each heat exchange zone can be operated independently, and can be operated in parallel or in series. The above heat exchange module has the following advantages:
1、可以接入不同换热区的换热器或通过换热器的串、 并联组合， 满足不同类型的 供电子***对冷却介质进出口温度的不同要求。 1. It can be connected to the heat exchangers of different heat exchange zones or through the series and parallel combination of heat exchangers to meet the different requirements of different types of power supply subsystems for the inlet and outlet temperatures of the cooling medium.
2、可以接入不同换热面积的换热器或通过换热器的串、 并联组合， 满足不同功率 的供电子***对换热面积的不同要求。 2. Heat exchangers with different heat exchange areas or series or parallel combination of heat exchangers can be connected to meet different requirements of heat exchange area of power supply subsystems with different powers.
3、可以同时对供电子***中的多个电池模块进行散热， 并通过由低温换热区到高 温换热区的顺序串联提高热量利用率， 降低***能耗。 3. It is possible to dissipate heat from multiple battery modules in the power supply subsystem at the same time, and increase the heat utilization rate and reduce the system energy consumption through the series connection from the low temperature heat exchange zone to the high temperature heat exchange zone.
4、 可以串联不同换热区的换热器， 实现对大功率供电***进行换热。 4. The heat exchangers of different heat exchange zones can be connected in series to realize heat exchange for the high-power power supply system.
5、 可以并联不同换热区的换热器， 实现对大流量供电***进行换热。 图 5至图 9示出了根据本发明的热交换***的实施例的热交换模块的五种使用状 态示意图。 下面将详细说明这五种使用状态。 根据本发明的热交换***的实施例一可以通过同一换热区内不同换热能力的换热 器之间的切换， 满足***对不同换热量的需求。 如图 5所示， 在第一使用状态示意图 中， 热交换模块包括三个换热区 （组 A， 组 B， 组 C)。 电池模块包括额定电功率下热 功率分别为 1000 W的钒电池和 4000 W质子交换膜燃料电池。质子交换膜燃料电池冷 却介质从热流体 1进口 （连接电池堆的出口） 进入热交换模块， 从热流体 1出口 （连 接电池堆的入口）排出； 钒电池冷却介质从热流体 2进口进入， 从热流体 2出口流出， HE- Al -HE- A3为质子交换膜燃料电池热功率分别在 1000 W、 2000 W、 4000 W工作 时设计的， HE-B1~HE-B3为钒电池热功率分别在 200 W、 600 W、 1000 W工作时设计 的。 钒电池在额定功率下工作， 通过 HE-B3换热器即可达到换热要求； 而质子交换膜 燃料电池的热功率从额定功率变为 1000 W, 再采用 HE-A3换热器就不能高效正常工 作， 采用 HE-A1即可实现高效换热。 热交换模块的工作状态如图 5所示， 其中只标出 了工作的路径。 本使用状态主要强调的是在实施例一的热交换模块中， 可以通过同等 条件下换热能力不同的换热器之间的切换， 有效的移出发电模块产生的热量。 根据本发明的热交换***的实施例一可以通过同一换热区内不同换热能力的换热 器之间的并联， 满足***对不同换热量的需求。 如图 6所示， 在第二使用状态示意图 中， 热交换模块包括三个换热区 （组 A， 组 B， 组 C)。 电池模块包括额定电功率下热 功率分别为 1000 W的钒电池和 4000 W质子交换膜燃料电池。质子交换膜燃料电池冷 却介质从热流体 1进口进入热交换模块， 从热流体 1出口排出； 钒电池冷却介质从热 流体 2进口进入，从热流体 2出口流出， HE- Al -HE- A3为质子交换膜燃料电池热功率 分别在 1000 W、 2000 W、 4000 W工作时设计的， HE-B1~HE-B3为钒电池热功率分别 在 200 W、 600 W、 1000 W工作时设计的。 质子交换膜燃料电池、 钒电池的热功率为 额定功率， 分别通过 HE-A3、 HE-B3换热器即可达到换热要求。 当钒电池在大电流密 度下工作时， 产热较额定功率时大， 若超出 HE-B3 的换热能力， 可以在 HE-B3换热 器的基础上并联 HE-B2来实现。热交换模块的工作状态如图 6所示， 其中只标出了工 作的路径。 本使用状态主要强调的是在本发明所述的热交换模块中， 可以通过同等条 件下换热能力不同的换热器之间的并联组合，来满足电池对不同操作条件的不同要求。 根据本发明的热交换***的实施例一可以通过同一换热区内不同换热能力的换热 器之间的串联， 满足***对不同换热量的需求。 如图 7所示， 在第三使用状态示意图 中， 热交换模块包括三个换热区 （组 A， 组 B， 组 C)。 电池模块包括额定电功率下热 功率分别为 1000 W的钒电池和 4000 W质子交换膜燃料电池。质子交换膜燃料电池冷 却介质从热流体 1进口进入热交换模块， 从热流体 1出口排出； 钒电池冷却介质从热 流体 2进口进入，从热流体 2出口流出， HE- Al -HE- A3为质子交换膜燃料电池热功率 分别在 1000 W、 2000 W、 4000 W工作时设计的， HE-B1~HE-B3为钒电池热功率分别 在 200 W、 600 W、 1000 W工作时设计的。 质子交换膜燃料电池、 钒电池的热功率为 额定功率， 分别通过 HE-A3、 HE-B3换热器即可达到换热要求； 当质子交换膜燃料电 池工作电流密度增大时， 电池堆热功率超过额定功率， 电池堆冷却介质即 HE- A3的热 流体需要深度换热以保证电堆正常工作， 可以在 HE-A3 换热器的基础上串联 HE-A1 来实现。 热交换模块的工作状态如图 7所示， 其中只标出了工作的路径。 本使用状态 主要强调的是在本发明所述的热交换模块中， 可以通过同等条件下换热能力不同的换 热器之间的串联组合， 来满足用户对出口水温的不同要求。 根据本发明的热交换***的实施例一可以通过不同换热区内换热器的并联， 满足 ***对不同热量输出条件的需求。 如图 8所示， 在第四使用状态示意图中， 热交换模 块包括三个换热区（组 A，组 B，组 C)。电池模块包括额定电功率下热功率分别为 1000 W的钒电池和 4000 W质子交换膜燃料电池。 质子交换膜燃料电池冷却介质从热流体 1进口进入热交换模块， 从热流体 1出口排出； 钒电池冷却介质从热流体 2进口进入， 从热流体 2出口流出， HE-A1 HE-A3为质子交换膜燃料电池热功率分别在 1000 W、 2000 W、 4000 W工作时设计的， HE-B1-HE-B3为钒电池热功率分别在 200 W、 600 W、 1000 W工作时设计的。 质子交换膜燃料电池功率为 3000 W， 钒电池的热功率为额定 功率， 分别通过 HE-A3、 HE-B3换热器即可达到换热要求。 当需要利用 B组换热器换 出的能量来提高 A组换热器的出口温度时， 可以将 HE-A3和 HE-B3串联来实现， 热 交换模块的工作状态如图 8所示， 其中只标出了工作的路径。 本使用状态主要强调的 是在本发明所述的热交换模块中， 可以通过不同温度区域间换热器的串联来进行不同 电池模块热量综合管理。 根据本发明的热交换***的实施例一可以通过不同换热区内换热器的并联， 满足 ***对不同换热量的需求。 如图 9所示， 在第五使用状态示意图中， 热交换模块包括 三个换热区 （组 A， 组 B， 组 C)。 电池模块包括额定电功率下热功率分别为 1000 W 的钒电池和 4000 W质子交换膜燃料电池。 质子交换膜燃料电池冷却介质从热流体 1 进口进入换热器模块， 从热流体 1出口排出； 钒电池冷却介质从热流体 2进口进入， 从热流体 2出口流出， HE-A1 HE-A3为质子交换膜燃料电池热功率分别在 1000 W、 2000 W、 4000 W工作时设计的， HE-B1-HE-B3为钒电池热功率分别在 200 W、 600 W、 1000 W工作时设计的。质子交换膜燃料电池、 钒电池的热功率为额定功率， 分别通过 HE-A3.HE-B3换热器即可达到换热要求。根据需要当钒电池额定热功率为 3000 W时， B组换热器所有换热器并联也不能满足因为热功率变化而导致流量要求， 可以将 B组 和 C组换热器按需要进行并联来实现， 即钒电池冷却介质分成两股从热流体 2和热流 体 3的进口分别进入， 从热流体 2和热流体 3的出口分别流出再汇合， 热交换模块的 工作状态如图 9所示， 其中只标出了工作的路径。 本使用状态主要强调的是在本发明 所述的热交换模块中， 可以在设备功率升高时通过不同组换热器的并联来实现发电设 备产生热量的高效管理。 在一种优选的实施例中， 如图 8所示， 在上述实施例的基础上， 还包括第一加热 模块， 用于加热通过换热区 （组 A) 之前的冷却介质， 以满足特定电池模块对冷却介 质的温度要求。 当然， 本领域技术人员可以知道， 第一加热模块也可以根据需要设置 在组 B的冷流体路径的上游，或者，在组 A和组 B的冷流体路径的上游各设置一个第 一加热模块。 优选地， 除了包括第一加热模块， 如图 4所示， 在另一种优选的实施例中， 还包 括第二加热模块， 当***中所有供能模块均不工作或出水温度不能满足特定需求时， 第二加热模块能确保***对终端用户持续提供优质热能。 本发明还提供了一种热交换方法， 利用上述的热交换***， 如图 10所示， 包括以 下步骤： 5. Heat exchangers in different heat exchange zones can be connected in parallel to realize heat exchange for large-flow power supply systems. 5 to 9 are schematic views showing five states of use of a heat exchange module of an embodiment of a heat exchange system according to the present invention. The five usage states will be described in detail below. Embodiment 1 of the heat exchange system according to the present invention can meet the requirements of the system for different heat exchange rates by switching between heat exchangers of different heat exchange capacities in the same heat exchange zone. As shown in FIG. 5, in the first usage state diagram, the heat exchange module includes three heat exchange zones (Group A, Group B, Group C). The battery module includes a vanadium battery with a thermal power of 1000 W and a 4000 W proton exchange membrane fuel cell at rated electrical power. The proton exchange membrane fuel cell cooling medium enters the heat exchange module from the inlet of the hot fluid 1 (connecting the outlet of the stack), and is discharged from the outlet of the hot fluid 1 (connecting the inlet of the stack); the cooling medium of the vanadium battery enters from the inlet of the hot fluid 2, The hot fluid 2 outlet flows out, HE-Al-HE-A3 is designed for the proton exchange membrane fuel cell thermal power at 1000 W, 2000 W, 4000 W, and the HE-B1~HE-B3 is the vanadium battery thermal power. Designed for 200 W, 600 W, 1000 W operation. The vanadium battery operates at rated power, and the heat transfer requirement can be achieved by the HE-B3 heat exchanger. The thermal power of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell is changed from the rated power to 1000 W, and the HE-A3 heat exchanger cannot be used efficiently. For normal operation, HE-A1 can achieve efficient heat transfer. The working state of the heat exchange module is shown in Figure 5, where only the working path is marked. The state of use mainly emphasizes that in the heat exchange module of the first embodiment, the heat generated by the power generation module can be effectively removed by switching between heat exchangers having different heat exchange capacities under the same conditions. According to the first embodiment of the heat exchange system of the present invention, the parallel connection between the heat exchangers of different heat exchange capacities in the same heat exchange zone can meet the requirements of the system for different heat exchange amounts. As shown in FIG. 6, in the second usage state diagram, the heat exchange module includes three heat exchange zones (Group A, Group B, Group C). The battery module includes a vanadium battery with a thermal power of 1000 W and a 4000 W proton exchange membrane fuel cell at rated electrical power. The proton exchange membrane fuel cell cooling medium enters the heat exchange module from the inlet of the hot fluid 1 and is discharged from the outlet of the hot fluid 1; the cooling medium of the vanadium battery enters from the inlet of the hot fluid 2 and flows out from the outlet of the hot fluid 2, HE-Al-HE-A3 is The thermal power of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell was designed at 1000 W, 2000 W, 4000 W, and the HE-B1~HE-B3 was designed for the thermal power of the vanadium battery at 200 W, 600 W, and 1000 W, respectively. The thermal power of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell and the vanadium battery is rated power, and the heat exchange requirements can be achieved by the HE-A3 and HE-B3 heat exchangers respectively. When the vanadium battery is operated at a large current density, the heat generation is larger than the rated power. If the heat exchange capacity of HE-B3 is exceeded, HE-B2 can be realized by paralleling HE-B3 on the basis of the HE-B3 heat exchanger. The working state of the heat exchange module is shown in Figure 6, where only the working path is marked. The state of use mainly emphasizes that in the heat exchange module of the present invention, the parallel combination of heat exchangers having different heat exchange capacities under the same conditions can be used to meet the different requirements of the battery for different operating conditions. According to the first embodiment of the heat exchange system of the present invention, the series connection between the heat exchangers having different heat exchange capacities in the same heat exchange zone can meet the requirements of the system for different heat exchange amounts. As shown in FIG. 7, in the third usage state diagram, the heat exchange module includes three heat exchange zones (Group A, Group B, Group C). The battery module includes a vanadium battery with a thermal power of 1000 W and a 4000 W proton exchange membrane fuel cell at rated electrical power. The proton exchange membrane fuel cell cooling medium enters the heat exchange module from the inlet of the hot fluid 1 and is discharged from the outlet of the hot fluid 1; the cooling medium of the vanadium battery enters from the inlet of the hot fluid 2 and flows out from the outlet of the hot fluid 2, HE-Al-HE-A3 is The thermal power of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell is designed at 1000 W, 2000 W, 4000 W, and the HE-B1~HE-B3 is the thermal power of the vanadium battery. Designed for operation at 200 W, 600 W, 1000 W. The thermal power of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell and the vanadium battery is rated power, and the heat exchange requirements can be achieved by the HE-A3 and HE-B3 heat exchangers respectively; when the working current density of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell increases, the stack heat The power exceeds the rated power. The heat storage fluid of the stack cooling medium, HE-A3, requires deep heat exchange to ensure the normal operation of the stack. It can be realized by connecting HE-A1 in series with the HE-A3 heat exchanger. The working state of the heat exchange module is shown in Figure 7, where only the working path is marked. The state of use mainly emphasizes that in the heat exchange module of the present invention, the series combination of heat exchangers having different heat exchange capacities under the same conditions can be used to satisfy different requirements of the user for the outlet water temperature. Embodiment 1 of the heat exchange system according to the present invention can meet the requirements of different heat output conditions of the system by parallel connection of heat exchangers in different heat exchange zones. As shown in FIG. 8, in the fourth usage state diagram, the heat exchange module includes three heat exchange zones (Group A, Group B, Group C). The battery module includes a vanadium battery with a thermal power of 1000 W and a 4000 W proton exchange membrane fuel cell at rated electrical power. The proton exchange membrane fuel cell cooling medium enters the heat exchange module from the inlet of the hot fluid 1 and exits from the outlet of the hot fluid 1; the cooling medium of the vanadium battery enters from the inlet of the hot fluid 2, flows out from the outlet of the hot fluid 2, and the HE-A1 HE-A3 is a proton The thermal power of the exchange membrane fuel cell was designed at 1000 W, 2000 W, 4000 W, and the HE-B1-HE-B3 was designed for the thermal power of the vanadium battery at 200 W, 600 W, and 1000 W, respectively. The proton exchange membrane fuel cell power is 3000 W, and the thermal power of the vanadium battery is the rated power. The heat transfer requirements can be achieved by the HE-A3 and HE-B3 heat exchangers respectively. When it is necessary to use the energy exchanged by the B group heat exchanger to increase the outlet temperature of the group A heat exchanger, HE-A3 and HE-B3 can be connected in series, and the working state of the heat exchange module is as shown in FIG. Only the path to work is marked. The state of use mainly emphasizes that in the heat exchange module of the present invention, the heat management of different battery modules can be performed by series connection of heat exchangers between different temperature zones. Embodiment 1 of the heat exchange system according to the present invention can meet the requirements of different heat exchange amounts of the system by parallel connection of heat exchangers in different heat exchange zones. As shown in FIG. 9, in the fifth usage state diagram, the heat exchange module includes three heat exchange zones (Group A, Group B, Group C). The battery module includes a vanadium battery with a thermal power of 1000 W and a 4000 W proton exchange membrane fuel cell at rated electrical power. The proton exchange membrane fuel cell cooling medium enters the heat exchanger module from the inlet of the hot fluid 1 and is discharged from the outlet of the hot fluid 1; the cooling medium of the vanadium battery enters from the inlet of the hot fluid 2 and flows out from the outlet of the hot fluid 2, HE-A1 HE-A3 is The thermal power of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell was designed at 1000 W, 2000 W, 4000 W, and the HE-B1-HE-B3 was designed for the thermal power of the vanadium battery at 200 W, 600 W, and 1000 W, respectively. The thermal power of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell and the vanadium battery is rated power, and the heat exchange requirement can be achieved by the HE-A3.HE-B3 heat exchanger. When the rated thermal power of the vanadium battery is 3000 W, the heat exchangers of the B group heat exchangers cannot meet the flow requirements due to the change of the thermal power. The heat exchangers of Group B and Group C can be connected in parallel as needed. The realization that the vanadium battery cooling medium is divided into two from the inlets of the hot fluid 2 and the hot fluid 3 respectively, and flows out from the outlets of the hot fluid 2 and the hot fluid 3 respectively, and the working state of the heat exchange module is as shown in FIG. It only marks the path of the work. This state of use is mainly emphasized in the present invention. In the heat exchange module, the heat generation of the power generation device can be efficiently managed by parallel connection of different sets of heat exchangers when the power of the device is increased. In a preferred embodiment, as shown in FIG. 8, on the basis of the above embodiment, a first heating module is further included for heating the cooling medium before passing through the heat exchange zone (Group A) to meet a specific battery. The module's temperature requirements for the cooling medium. Of course, those skilled in the art can know that the first heating module can also be disposed upstream of the cold fluid path of group B as needed, or a first heating module can be disposed upstream of the cold fluid paths of group A and group B. Preferably, in addition to including the first heating module, as shown in FIG. 4, in another preferred embodiment, the second heating module is further included, when all the energy supply modules in the system are inoperative or the water temperature does not meet the specific requirements. The second heating module ensures that the system continues to provide excellent thermal energy to the end user. The present invention also provides a heat exchange method, which utilizes the heat exchange system described above, as shown in FIG. 10, and includes the following steps:
S10: 利用供电子***的电池模块为终端用户输送电能。 S10: The battery module of the power supply subsystem is used to deliver power to the end user.
S20:利用热交换子***的热交换模块为供电子***散热，并将同时回收的热能用 于为终端用户输送热能。 优选地， 在上述热交换方法中， 电池模块为多个， 换热模块包括多个换热区， 每 个电池模块可选择地连接至多个换热区中的一个或多个换热区。 图 11示出了根据本发明的热交换***的实施例二的连接示意图。 如图 11所示， 实施例二的热交换***包括： 供电子***以及热交换子***。 供电子***包括： 电池 模块， 供电子***用于为终端用户输送电能； 热交换子***包括： 热交换模块， 用于 供电子***的散热， 同时将回收的热能用于为终端用户输送热能， 热交换模块包括与 供电子***连接并用于供电子***的散热的第一管路和与第一管路发生热交换的第二 管路。 如图 12所示， 实施例二的热交换***中的热交换模块还包括一个换热组， 换热组 包括三个换热器， 该三个换热器具有共用换热管路以及围绕在共用换热管路外部的外 围换热管路， 该共用换热管路与第一管路或第二管路连通， ***换热管路与第二管路 或第一管路连通。 第一管路通常与电池堆的端板连接， 由于第一管路用于电池模块的 散热， 第二管路中使用外接冷却介质给第一管路进行散热， 第二管路中的流体温度比 第一管路中的流体温度低， 这样， 一般情况下， 将第一管路中的流体称为热流体， 第 二管路中的流体称为冷流体。 本实施例的换热器的共用换热管路可以是共用冷流体管路 （即共用换热管路与第 二管路连通）或共用热流体管路（即共用换热管路与第一管路连通）。 实施例二示出的 换热器为管壳式换热器， 三个换热器直接连接， 通过两块隔板将三个换热器的内部空 间分隔开。 在其他图中未示出的实施例中， 换热器也可以采用其他结构， 比如板式换 热器等其他形式换热器。 通过实施例二的热交换***， 利用热交换子***为供电子***的散热的同时回收 热能， 并统一管理热能最终为终端用户提供优质热能。 这样， 一方面保证了供电子系 统的良好运行， 另一方面， 有效地回收热能， 有效地解决了现有技术中供电***的能 耗高， 能量利用率低的问题。 同时， 每个换热组中的多个换热器具有共用换热管路可 有效解决现有技术中换热器之间采用法兰连接， 占用空间较大的问题， 使得热交换系 统结构更加紧凑， 占地面积较小。 实施例二的热交换***包含热交换子***对供电子***所产生的热能进行统一管 理和配置， 通过热交换子***进行换热后， 将热量带出并最终供给终端用户。 上述换 能过程中， 第一管路用于电池模块的散热， 需要在第二管路中使用外接冷却介质 （冷 流体） 给第一管路进行热交换， 所用冷却介质包含且不仅限于蒸熘水、 自来水、 冷冻 液、 酒精、 空气、 氢气、 液氮等。 其中一种最为经济且方便进一步应用的冷却介质为 自来水。 根据实际情况需要， 第一管路中的热流体和第二管路中的冷流体在换热组中 的换热器中的流动方式可以是并流、 逆流或并逆流组合。 在实施例二中， 热交换模块包括一个换热组， 该换热组包括三个换热器， 以共用 换热管路与第二管路连通且以逆流方式为例， 其中冷流体从三个换热器的中部的共用 换热管路流过， 三条第一管路从图 12中下侧入口分别进入换热器 A、 B和 C， 分别在 换热器 A、 B和 C换热后， 经图 12中上侧所示出口流出， 三条第一管路中三股热流体 分别用于给供电子***的电池模块进行散热。 冷流体通常为自来水， 热流体通常为用 于给供电子***的电池模块的冷却介质， 比如纯水， 或者气体、 油、 有机溶液等其他 不导电的液体。 一组内不同的换热器之间直接连接， 省掉了通常的连接部分， 如法兰 连接。 换热器的换热面积可以相同， 或者优选地， 各换热器的换热面积均不相同。 本实施例的热交换模块的主要特点如下： 一、 不同换热器之间通过共用换热管路进行集成， 可以节省热交换子***所占的 空间。 二、 可以根据供电子***中电池模块的个数、 功率来设计和划分换热组中换热器 的数目、 换热面积， 以及冷、 热流体的流动方式， 如并流， 逆流和并逆流组合等。 三、 电池模块与换热器之间设置有第一阀门， 换热组中的各换热器之间设置有第 二阀门。 每个换热组中的各个换热器可以单独工作， 也可以通过切换第一阀门和 /或第 二阀门的通断， 实现换热器之间的并联或者串联。 上述的热交换模块具有以下优点： S20: The heat exchange module of the heat exchange subsystem is used to dissipate heat from the power supply subsystem, and the heat energy recovered at the same time is used to transmit heat energy to the end user. Preferably, in the above heat exchange method, there are a plurality of battery modules, and the heat exchange module includes a plurality of heat exchange zones, and each of the battery modules is selectively connectable to one or more heat exchange zones of the plurality of heat exchange zones. Figure 11 is a schematic view showing the connection of the second embodiment of the heat exchange system according to the present invention. As shown in FIG. 11, the heat exchange system of Embodiment 2 includes: a power supply subsystem and a heat exchange subsystem. The power supply subsystem includes: a battery module, the power supply subsystem is used to deliver power to the end user; the heat exchange subsystem includes: a heat exchange module for dissipating heat from the power supply subsystem, and the recovered heat energy is used to deliver heat energy to the end user, The heat exchange module includes a first line connected to the power supply subsystem and used for heat dissipation of the power supply subsystem and a second line that exchanges heat with the first line. As shown in FIG. 12, the heat exchange module in the heat exchange system of the second embodiment further includes a heat exchange group, and the heat exchange group includes three heat exchangers, wherein the three heat exchangers have a common heat exchange pipeline and are surrounded by The peripheral heat exchange pipeline outside the common heat exchange pipeline is connected to the first pipeline or the second pipeline, and the peripheral heat exchange pipeline is connected to the second pipeline or the first pipeline. The first line is usually connected to the end plate of the battery stack. Since the first line is used for heat dissipation of the battery module, the second line uses external cooling medium to dissipate heat to the first line, and the temperature of the fluid in the second line Than The temperature of the fluid in the first line is low. Thus, in general, the fluid in the first line is referred to as a hot fluid and the fluid in the second line is referred to as a cold fluid. The common heat exchange pipeline of the heat exchanger of this embodiment may be a shared cold fluid pipeline (ie, the common heat exchange pipeline is connected to the second pipeline) or a shared hot fluid pipeline (ie, a shared heat exchange pipeline and the first Pipeline connection). The heat exchanger shown in the second embodiment is a shell-and-tube heat exchanger, and the three heat exchangers are directly connected, and the internal spaces of the three heat exchangers are separated by two partition plates. In other embodiments not shown in the figures, the heat exchanger may also be of other constructions, such as plate heat exchangers and other forms of heat exchangers. Through the heat exchange system of the second embodiment, the heat exchange subsystem is used to heat the power supply subsystem while recovering heat energy, and the heat energy is uniformly managed to finally provide high quality heat energy to the end user. In this way, on the one hand, the good operation of the power supply subsystem is ensured, and on the other hand, the heat energy is effectively recovered, and the problem of high energy consumption and low energy utilization rate of the power supply system in the prior art is effectively solved. At the same time, the multiple heat exchangers in each heat exchange group have a common heat exchange pipeline, which can effectively solve the problem that the heat exchangers are flanged between the prior art and occupy a large space, so that the heat exchange system has a more structure. Compact and small footprint. The heat exchange system of the second embodiment comprises a heat exchange subsystem for uniformly managing and configuring the heat energy generated by the power supply subsystem, and after heat exchange by the heat exchange subsystem, the heat is taken out and finally supplied to the end user. In the above transduction process, the first pipeline is used for heat dissipation of the battery module, and the external pipeline is required to exchange heat with the external cooling medium (cold fluid) in the second pipeline, and the cooling medium used includes, but is not limited to, steam distillation. Water, tap water, refrigerant, alcohol, air, hydrogen, liquid nitrogen, etc. One of the most economical and convenient cooling media for further applications is tap water. According to the actual situation, the flow of the hot fluid in the first pipeline and the cold fluid in the second pipeline in the heat exchanger in the heat exchange group may be combined in parallel, countercurrent or countercurrent. In the second embodiment, the heat exchange module includes a heat exchange group, and the heat exchange group includes three heat exchangers, and the common heat exchange pipeline is connected to the second pipeline, and the reverse flow mode is taken as an example, wherein the cold fluid is from three. The common heat exchange tubes in the middle of the heat exchangers flow through, and the three first tubes enter the heat exchangers A, B and C from the lower inlets in Fig. 12, respectively, in the heat exchangers A, B and C Thereafter, the outlet flows out through the upper side shown in FIG. 12, and three hot fluids in the three first pipes are respectively used to dissipate heat to the battery modules of the power supply subsystem. The cold fluid is typically tap water, which is typically a cooling medium for the battery modules of the power supply subsystem, such as pure water, or other non-conductive liquids such as gases, oils, organic solutions, and the like. Direct connection between different heat exchangers in a group eliminates the usual connection parts, such as flange connections. The heat exchange area of the heat exchangers may be the same, or preferably, the heat exchange areas of the heat exchangers are all different. The main features of the heat exchange module of this embodiment are as follows: 1. Integration of different heat exchangers through a common heat exchange pipeline can save space occupied by the heat exchange subsystem. Second, according to the number and power of the battery modules in the power supply subsystem, the number of heat exchangers in the heat exchange group, the heat exchange area, and the flow patterns of the cold and hot fluids, such as cocurrent, countercurrent and countercurrent, can be designed and divided. Combination, etc. 3. A first valve is disposed between the battery module and the heat exchanger, and a second valve is disposed between each heat exchanger in the heat exchange group. Each heat exchanger in each heat exchange group can be operated separately, or can be connected in parallel or in series by switching the first valve and/or the second valve. The above heat exchange module has the following advantages:
1、不同换热器之间通过共用换热管路进行集成，可以解决其他连接方式如法兰连 接而导致的换热器模块体积过大的问题， 能有效的节省空间。 1. The integration of different heat exchangers through the common heat exchange pipeline can solve the problem that the heat exchanger module is too large due to other connection methods such as flange connection, and can effectively save space.
2、 可以通过接入不同换热面积的换热器或通过换热器的串联和 /或并联组合， 满 足供电子***中电池模块对换热面积和冷却介质流量的不同要求。 图 13至图 16示出了根据本发明的热交换***的实施例二的热交换模块的四种使 用状态示意图。 下面将详细说明这四种使用状态。 根据本发明的热交换***的实施例二可以通过不同换热器之间的切换， 满足*** 对不同换热量的需求。如图 13所示， 在第一使用状态示意图中， 热交换模块包括一个 换热组， 该换热组包括换热器 A、 换热器 B和换热器 C， 电池模块包括额定电功率下 热功率为 3000 W的质子交换膜燃料电池。 换热器 A、 换热器 B和换热器 C可以满足 质子交换膜燃料电池热功率分别在 3000 W、 2000 W、 1000 W工作时的换热要求 （共 用换热管路为与第二管路连通， 即共用散热管路中通入冷流体， 冷、 热流体逆流情况 下）。 当质子交换膜燃料电池的热功率为额定功率时， 换热器 A即可满足换热需要； 而当热功率变化为 1000 W，换热器 A就不能实现正常高效的换热，此时改用换热器 C 即可实现高效换热。 改变后的工作状态如图 13所示， 其中省略了不工作的路径， 图中 的热流体为与质子交换膜燃料电池热交换的第一管路中的冷却介质。 本使用状态主要 强调的是在实施例二的热交换模块中， 可以通过同等条件下换热能力不同的换热器之 间的切换， 可以有效地移出电池模块产生的热量。 上述切换的实现方式为： 打开电池 模块与选定换热器之间的第一阀门， 关闭电池模块与其他换热器之间的第一阀门。 根据本发明的热交换***的实施例二可以通过不同换热器之间的串联， 满足*** 对不同换热量的需求。如图 14所示， 在第二使用状态示意图中， 热交换模块包括一个 换热组， 该换热组包括换热器 A、 换热器 B和换热器 C， 电池模块包括额定电功率下 热功率为 3000 W的质子交换膜燃料电池。 换热器 A、 换热器 B和换热器 C可以满足 质子交换膜燃料电池热功率分别在 3000 W、 2000 W、 1000 W工作时的换热要求 （共 用换热管路为与第二管路连通，即共用散热管路中通入冷流体，冷热流体逆流情况下）。 当质子交换膜燃料电池的热功率为额定功率时， 换热器 A即可满足换热需要； 而当质 子交换膜燃料电池在大电流负荷下工作时， 产生的热会显著增加， 单独采用换热器 A 已不能保证电池堆在设定温度下稳定工作， 一种可行的方法是将换热器 A和换热器 B 进行串联， 提高换热面积， 保证电池堆工作温度的稳定性。 改变后的工作状态如图 14 所示， 其中省略了不工作的路径， 图中的热流体为与质子交换膜燃料电池热交换的第 一管路中的冷却介质。 本使用状态主要强调的是本实施例二的热交换模块中， 可以通 过同等条件下换热能力不同的换热器之间的串联， 有效的移出发电模块产生的热量。 上述切换通过换热组中的各换热器之间的第二阀门的开关来完成。 根据本发明的热交换***的实施例二可以通过不同换热器之间的并联， 满足*** 对不同换热量的需求。如图 15所示， 在第三使用状态示意图中， 热交换模块包括一个 换热组， 换热组包括换热器 A、 换热器 B和换热器 C， 电池模块包括额定电功率下热 功率为 900 W的钒电池供电***。换热器 A、换热器 B和换热器 C可以满足钒电池热 功率分别在 900 W、 600 W、 300 W工作时的换热要求（共用散热管路为与第二管路连 通， 即共用散热管路中通入冷流体， 冷、 热流体逆流情况下）。 当钒电池的热功率为额 定功率时， 换热器 A即可满足换热需要； 而当钒电池需要在低于额定工作温度下工作 时， 电池堆冷却介质即热流体温度会降低， 带走相同热量需要更多的冷却介质， 即换 热器的热流体流量会显著增大， 使用换热器 A会使功耗显著增加， 甚至可能会超过换 热器 A的设计流量， 一种可行的方法是将换热器 C和换热器 A进行并联， 从而保证 电池堆在设定温度下工作。改变后的工作状态如图 15所示，其中省略了不工作的路径， 图中的热流体为与钒电池热交换的第一管路中的冷却介质。 本使用状态主要强调的是 实施例二的热交换模块中， 可以通过同等条件下不同换热能力的换热器之间的并联， 有效的移出发电模块产生的热量， 从而保证电池堆工作的相对稳定。 根据本发明的热交换***的实施例二的热交换模块还能实现对多个电池模块的热 管理。 如图 16所示， 在第四使用状态示意图中， 热交换模块包括一个换热组， 该换热 组包括换热器 A、 换热器 B和换热器 C， 电池模块包括额定电功率下热功率为 900 W 的钒电池和 2000 W的质子交换膜燃料电池。 换热器 A钒电池额定电功率下热功率为 900 W时的换热要求， 换热器 B和换热器 C可以满足质子交换膜燃料电池额定电功率 下热功率为 3000 W、 1500 W时的换热要求 （共用散热管路为与第二管路连通， 即共 用散热管路中通入冷流体， 冷、热流体逆流情况下）。钒电池和质子交换膜燃料电池在 额定功率下工作， 分别通过换热器 A和换热器 B 即可满足换热要求。 工作状态如图 16所示， 其中省略了不工作的路径， 图中的热流体 1为与钒电池热交换的第一管路中 的冷却介质， 热流体 2为与质子交换膜燃料电池热交换的第一管路中的流体。 本使用 状态主要强调的是本实施例二的热交换模块中， 可以对多个电池模块产生的热量进行 统一管理。 在其他图中未示出的实施例中， 共用换热管路也可以与第一管路连通， 此时也可 以根据第一管路中冷却介质需要移出的热量和流量来选择使用一个或几个换热器。 如图 17所示， 在实施例三中， 与实施例二的区别在于， 实施例三的热交换模块包 括一个换热组， 该换热组包括四个换热器， 分别是换热器 E、 换热器 F、 换热器 G和 换热器 H。 实施例三的热交换模块尤其适用于由钒电池模块和燃料电池模块组成的供 电子***的热量管理， 并且， 实施例三的四个换热器中有两个换热器用于燃料电池的 阳极尾气和阴极尾气的热交换。 实施例三的热交换模块中包括四条第一管路和一条第二管路， 第二管路与共用换 热管路连通， 四条第一管路分别为： 一条与所述钒电池模块的电池堆的端板连接的循 环管路、 一条与所述燃料电池模块的电池堆的端板连接的循环管路， 以及两条与所述 燃料电池模块的尾气出口 （阴极尾气出口和阳极尾气出口） 相连通的换热管路。 在现有技术中， 燃料电池尾气中还有大量的热量， 通常这部分的热量通过两个额 外的尾气换热器进行换热以利用其中含有的热能， 提高能量的利用率。 但是额外的尾 气换热器会占用较大的体积， 不利于提高***的集成度。 在实施例三的技术方案中， 相当于将尾气换热器集成至热交换模块中， 从而提高了***的集成度。 如图 17所示， 换热器 E、 换热器 F、 换热器 G和换热器 H的换热面积均不相同， 换热器 E和换热器 H分别用于钒电池和质子交换膜燃料电池的换热。 换热器 F、 换热 器 G分别用于质子交换膜燃料电池的阳极尾气和阴极尾气的换热。 图中的热流体 3为 与钒电池热交换的第一管路中的冷却介质， 热流体 6为与质子交换膜燃料电池热交换 的第一管路中的冷却介质， 热流体 4为与燃料电池的阳极尾气出口连通的第一管路中 的冷却介质， 热流体 5为与燃料电池的阴极尾气出口连通的第一管路中的冷却介质。 换热顺序为第二管路中的冷却介质先与用于钒电池模块的冷却介质进行热交换然后再 与用于燃料电池模块冷却介质进行热交换， 燃料电池模块的尾气 （阴极尾气和阳极尾 气） 热交换位于上述两者之间。 当然， 在其他图中未示出实施例中， 燃料电池模块的 尾气 （阴极尾气和阳极尾气） 热交换也可以放在用于燃料电池模块冷却介质热交换之 后， 并且， 燃料电池模块的阴极尾气和阳极尾气的热交换顺序可以交换。 以上所述仅为本发明的优选实施例而已， 并不用于限制本发明， 对于本领域的技 术人员来说， 本发明可以有各种更改和变化。 凡在本发明的精神和原则之内， 所作的 任何修改、 等同替换、 改进等， 均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。 2. The different requirements of the heat transfer area and the flow rate of the cooling medium of the battery module in the power supply subsystem can be met by connecting heat exchangers of different heat exchange areas or by series and/or parallel combination of heat exchangers. 13 to 16 are views showing four usage states of the heat exchange module of the second embodiment of the heat exchange system according to the present invention. The four usage states will be described in detail below. Embodiment 2 of the heat exchange system according to the present invention can meet the requirements of different heat exchange amounts of the system by switching between different heat exchangers. As shown in FIG. 13, in the first usage state diagram, the heat exchange module includes a heat exchange group including a heat exchanger A, a heat exchanger B, and a heat exchanger C, and the battery module includes heat at rated electric power. A proton exchange membrane fuel cell with a power of 3000 W. Heat exchanger A, heat exchanger B and heat exchanger C can meet the heat transfer requirements of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell thermal power at 3000 W, 2000 W, 1000 W, respectively (the shared heat exchange pipeline is the second tube) The road is connected, that is, the cold fluid is introduced into the shared heat-dissipating pipeline, and the cold and hot fluids are reversed. When the thermal power of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell is rated power, the heat exchanger A can meet the heat exchange requirement; and when the thermal power changes to 1000 W, the heat exchanger A cannot achieve normal and efficient heat exchange. Efficient heat transfer can be achieved with heat exchanger C. The changed operating state is shown in Fig. 13, in which the inoperative path is omitted, and the hot fluid in the figure is the cooling medium in the first line that is in heat exchange with the proton exchange membrane fuel cell. The state of use mainly emphasizes that in the heat exchange module of the second embodiment, the heat generated by the battery module can be effectively removed by switching between heat exchangers having different heat exchange capacities under the same conditions. The above switching is implemented by: opening a first valve between the battery module and the selected heat exchanger, and closing the first valve between the battery module and the other heat exchanger. Embodiment 2 of the heat exchange system according to the present invention can satisfy the demand for different heat exchange amounts of the system by connecting series between different heat exchangers. As shown in FIG. 14, in the second usage state diagram, the heat exchange module includes a heat exchange group including a heat exchanger A, a heat exchanger B, and a heat exchanger C, and the battery module includes heat at rated electric power. A proton exchange membrane fuel cell with a power of 3000 W. Heat exchanger A, heat exchanger B and heat exchanger C can meet the heat transfer requirements of proton exchange membrane fuel cell thermal power at 3000 W, 2000 W, 1000 W, respectively. The heat exchange pipeline is connected to the second pipeline, that is, the cold heat fluid is introduced into the common heat dissipation pipeline, and the hot and cold fluid flows in the opposite direction. When the thermal power of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell is rated power, the heat exchanger A can meet the heat exchange requirement; and when the proton exchange membrane fuel cell operates under a large current load, the heat generated is significantly increased, and the heat is separately changed. Heater A can no longer guarantee the stable operation of the stack at the set temperature. A feasible method is to connect heat exchanger A and heat exchanger B in series to increase the heat exchange area and ensure the stability of the operating temperature of the stack. The changed operating state is shown in Figure 14, in which the inactive path is omitted, and the hot fluid in the figure is the cooling medium in the first line that is in heat exchange with the proton exchange membrane fuel cell. The state of use mainly emphasizes that in the heat exchange module of the second embodiment, the heat generated by the power generation module can be effectively removed by the series connection between the heat exchangers having different heat exchange capacities under the same conditions. The above switching is accomplished by switching the second valve between the heat exchangers in the heat exchange group. Embodiment 2 of the heat exchange system according to the present invention can satisfy the demand for different heat exchange amounts of the system by parallel connection between different heat exchangers. As shown in FIG. 15, in the third usage state diagram, the heat exchange module includes a heat exchange group including a heat exchanger A, a heat exchanger B, and a heat exchanger C, and the battery module includes thermal power at rated electric power. Power supply system for 900 W vanadium battery. Heat exchanger A, heat exchanger B and heat exchanger C can meet the heat transfer requirements of the vanadium battery thermal power at 900 W, 600 W, 300 W, respectively (the shared heat pipe is connected to the second pipe, ie A cold fluid is introduced into the shared heat pipe, and the cold and hot fluids flow in the opposite direction. When the thermal power of the vanadium battery is rated power, the heat exchanger A can meet the heat exchange needs; and when the vanadium battery needs to work below the rated working temperature, the temperature of the stack cooling medium, ie the hot fluid, will decrease, taking away The same heat requires more cooling medium, that is, the heat fluid flow rate of the heat exchanger will increase significantly. The use of heat exchanger A will significantly increase the power consumption, and may even exceed the design flow rate of heat exchanger A. The method is to parallel the heat exchanger C and the heat exchanger A to ensure that the stack operates at the set temperature. The changed operating state is shown in Fig. 15, in which the inoperative path is omitted, and the hot fluid in the figure is the cooling medium in the first line that is heat exchanged with the vanadium battery. The state of use mainly emphasizes that in the heat exchange module of the second embodiment, the heat generated by the power generation module can be effectively removed by parallel connection between the heat exchangers with different heat exchange capacities under the same conditions, thereby ensuring the relative operation of the battery stack. stable. The heat exchange module of the second embodiment of the heat exchange system according to the present invention can also implement thermal management of a plurality of battery modules. As shown in FIG. 16, in the fourth usage state diagram, the heat exchange module includes a heat exchange group including a heat exchanger A, a heat exchanger B, and a heat exchanger C, and the battery module includes heat at rated electric power. A 900 W vanadium battery and a 2000 W proton exchange membrane fuel cell. The heat exchange requirement of the heat power of the vanadium battery of the heat exchanger A is 900 W, and the heat exchanger B and the heat exchanger C can meet the heat power of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell under the rated electric power of 3000 W and 1500 W. Heat requirement (the shared heat pipe is connected to the second pipe, that is, the cold heat is supplied to the shared heat pipe, and the cold and hot fluids flow in the opposite direction). Vanadium batteries and proton exchange membrane fuel cells operate at rated power and pass through heat exchanger A and heat exchanger B to meet heat transfer requirements. The working state is shown in Fig. 16, in which the non-working path is omitted. The hot fluid 1 in the figure is the cooling medium in the first line which is heat exchanged with the vanadium battery, and the hot fluid 2 is the heat exchange with the proton exchange membrane fuel cell. The fluid in the first line. This use The state mainly emphasizes that in the heat exchange module of the second embodiment, the heat generated by the plurality of battery modules can be uniformly managed. In other embodiments not shown in the figures, the common heat exchange line may also be in communication with the first line. In this case, one or more of the heat and flow required to be removed from the cooling medium in the first line may be selected. Heat exchangers. As shown in FIG. 17, in the third embodiment, the difference from the second embodiment is that the heat exchange module of the third embodiment includes a heat exchange group, and the heat exchange group includes four heat exchangers, respectively, a heat exchanger E. , heat exchanger F, heat exchanger G and heat exchanger H. The heat exchange module of the third embodiment is particularly suitable for the heat management of the power supply subsystem composed of the vanadium battery module and the fuel cell module, and two of the four heat exchangers of the third embodiment are used for the anode of the fuel cell. Heat exchange between exhaust and cathode exhaust. The heat exchange module of the third embodiment includes four first pipelines and one second pipeline, and the second pipeline is connected to the common heat exchange pipeline, and the four first pipelines are respectively: a battery with the vanadium battery module a circulation line connected to the end plate of the stack, a circulation line connected to the end plate of the battery stack of the fuel cell module, and two exhaust gas outlets (the cathode exhaust gas outlet and the anode exhaust gas outlet) of the fuel cell module Connected heat exchange lines. In the prior art, there is still a large amount of heat in the fuel cell exhaust gas, and usually this part of the heat is exchanged through two additional exhaust gas heat exchangers to utilize the heat energy contained therein to improve energy utilization. However, the extra exhaust heat exchanger will take up a large volume, which is not conducive to improving the integration of the system. In the technical solution of the third embodiment, the exhaust gas heat exchanger is equivalent to being integrated into the heat exchange module, thereby improving the integration degree of the system. As shown in Fig. 17, the heat exchange areas of heat exchanger E, heat exchanger F, heat exchanger G and heat exchanger H are different, and heat exchanger E and heat exchanger H are used for vanadium battery and proton exchange, respectively. Heat exchange of membrane fuel cells. The heat exchanger F and the heat exchanger G are respectively used for heat exchange between the anode off-gas and the cathode off-gas of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell. The hot fluid 3 in the figure is a cooling medium in a first line that is in heat exchange with a vanadium battery, and the hot fluid 6 is a cooling medium in a first line that is in heat exchange with a proton exchange membrane fuel cell, and the hot fluid 4 is a fuel The cooling medium in the first line communicating with the anode off-gas outlet of the battery, the hot fluid 5 being the cooling medium in the first line in communication with the cathode off-gas outlet of the fuel cell. The heat exchange sequence is that the cooling medium in the second pipeline is first heat exchanged with the cooling medium for the vanadium battery module and then exchanged with the cooling medium for the fuel cell module, and the exhaust gas of the fuel cell module (cathode tail gas and anode exhaust gas) The heat exchange is between the two. Of course, in embodiments not shown in other figures, the exhaust gas (cathode off-gas and anode off-gas) heat exchange of the fuel cell module may also be placed after the heat exchange for the fuel cell module cooling medium, and the cathode exhaust of the fuel cell module The order of heat exchange with the anode off-gas can be exchanged. The above is only the preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and changes can be made to the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and scope of the present invention are intended to be included within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

权 利 要 求 书 Claim
1. 一种热交换***， 其特征在于， 包括： A heat exchange system, comprising:
供电子***， 包括： 电池模块， 所述供电子***用于为终端用户输送电能; 热交换子***， 包括： 热交换模块， 用于所述供电子***的散热， 同时将 回收的热能用于为所述终端用户输送热能。  The power supply subsystem includes: a battery module, the power supply subsystem is configured to supply power to the end user; the heat exchange subsystem includes: a heat exchange module, configured to dissipate heat from the power supply subsystem, and use the recovered heat energy Delivering thermal energy to the end user.
2. 根据权利要求 1所述的热交换***， 其特征在于， 所述电池模块为多个， 所述 热交换模块包括多个换热区。 2. The heat exchange system according to claim 1, wherein the plurality of battery modules are plural, and the heat exchange module comprises a plurality of heat exchange zones.
3. 根据权利要求 2所述的热交换***， 其特征在于， 所述多个电池模块中的每个 电池模块可选择地连接至所述多个换热区中的一个或多个换热区。 3. The heat exchange system according to claim 2, wherein each of the plurality of battery modules is selectively connectable to one or more of the plurality of heat exchange zones .
4. 根据权利要求 3所述的热交换***， 其特征在于， 当所述电池模块连接至多个 换热区时， 各所述换热区之间为并联或者串联。 The heat exchange system according to claim 3, wherein when the battery module is connected to a plurality of heat exchange zones, each of the heat exchange zones is connected in parallel or in series.
5. 根据权利要求 2至 4中任一项所述的热交换***， 其特征在于， 每个所述换热 区内均包括多个换热器。 The heat exchange system according to any one of claims 2 to 4, characterized in that each of the heat exchange zones comprises a plurality of heat exchangers.
6. 根据权利要求 5所述的热交换***， 其特征在于， 所述每个所述换热区内的每 个换热器的换热面积均不相同。 6. The heat exchange system according to claim 5, wherein each of the heat exchangers in each of the heat exchange zones has a heat exchange area that is different.
7. 根据权利要求 5所述的热交换***， 其特征在于， 所述每个所述换热区内的各 个换热器之间为并联或者串联。 The heat exchange system according to claim 5, wherein each of the heat exchangers in each of the heat exchange zones is connected in parallel or in series.
8. 根据权利要求 1所述的热交换***， 其特征在于， 还包括： 加热模块， 用于加 热通过所述换热区之后的冷却介质。 8. The heat exchange system according to claim 1, further comprising: a heating module for heating the cooling medium after passing through the heat exchange zone.
9. 根据权利要求 1所述的热交换***， 其特征在于， 还包括： 加热模块， 所述加 热模块包括： 第一加热模块， 用于加热通过所述换热区之前的冷却介质。 9. The heat exchange system according to claim 1, further comprising: a heating module, wherein the heating module comprises: a first heating module for heating a cooling medium before passing through the heat exchange zone.
10. 根据权利要求 9所述的热交换***， 其特征在于， 所述加热模块还包括： 第二 加热模块， 用于加热通过所述换热区之后的冷却介质。 10. The heat exchange system according to claim 9, wherein the heating module further comprises: a second heating module for heating the cooling medium after passing through the heat exchange zone.
11. 一种热交换方法，其特征在于，利用权利要求 1至 10中任一项所述的热交换系 统， 包括以下步骤： 利用供电子***的电池模块为终端用户输送电能； A heat exchange method, characterized by that the heat exchange system according to any one of claims 1 to 10, comprising the steps of: Using the battery module of the power supply subsystem to deliver electrical energy to the end user;
利用热交换子***的热交换模块为所述供电子***散热， 并将同时回收的 热能用于为所述终端用户输送热能。  The heat exchange module of the heat exchange subsystem is utilized to dissipate heat from the power supply subsystem and to simultaneously transfer thermal energy for the transfer of thermal energy to the end user.
12. 根据权利要求 11所述的热交换方法， 其特征在于， 所述电池模块为多个， 所述 热交换模块包括多个换热区， 每个电池模块可选择地连接至所述多个换热区中 的一个或多个换热区。 The heat exchange method according to claim 11, wherein the plurality of battery modules are plural, the heat exchange module includes a plurality of heat exchange regions, and each of the battery modules is selectively connectable to the plurality of One or more heat exchange zones in the heat exchange zone.
13. 一种热交换***， 其特征在于， 包括： 13. A heat exchange system, comprising:
供电子***， 包括： 电池模块， 所述供电子***用于为终端用户输送电能; 热交换子***， 包括： 热交换模块， 用于所述供电子***的散热， 同时将 回收的热能用于为所述终端用户输送热能， 所述热交换模块包括与所述供电子 ***连接并用于所述供电子***的散热的第一管路和与所述第一管路发生热交 换的第二管路，  The power supply subsystem includes: a battery module, the power supply subsystem is configured to supply power to the end user; and the heat exchange subsystem includes: a heat exchange module, configured to dissipate heat from the power supply subsystem, and use the recovered heat energy Transmitting thermal energy to the end user, the heat exchange module including a first conduit connected to the power supply subsystem and used for heat dissipation of the power supply subsystem, and a second conduit thermally exchanged with the first conduit Road,
其中， 所述热交换模块还包括至少一个换热组， 所述换热组包括多个换热 器， 每个所述换热组中的多个换热器具有共用换热管路以及围绕在所述共用换 热管路外部的***换热管路， 所述共用换热管路与所述第一管路或第二管路连 通， 所述***换热管路与所述第二管路或第一管路连通。  The heat exchange module further includes at least one heat exchange group, the heat exchange group includes a plurality of heat exchangers, and each of the heat exchanger groups has a common heat exchange pipeline and surrounds a peripheral heat exchange pipeline outside the common heat exchange pipeline, wherein the common heat exchange pipeline is in communication with the first pipeline or the second pipeline, the peripheral heat exchange pipeline and the second pipeline Or the first pipeline is connected.
14. 根据权利要求 13所述的热交换***，其特征在于，所述电池模块和所述第一管 路均为一个， 所述换热组为一组， 所述第一管路可选择地连接至所述换热组中 的一个或多个换热器， 所述共用换热管路与所述第二管路连通。 The heat exchange system according to claim 13, wherein the battery module and the first pipeline are both, the heat exchange group is a group, and the first pipeline is optionally Connected to one or more heat exchangers in the heat exchange group, the common heat exchange conduit being in communication with the second conduit.
15. 根据权利要求 13所述的热交换***，其特征在于，所述电池模块和所述第一管 路均为多个， 所述换热组为一组， 所述多个第一管路中的每个第一管路可选择 地连接至所述换热组中的一个或多个换热器， 所述共用换热管路与所述第二管 路连通。 The heat exchange system according to claim 13, wherein the battery module and the first pipeline are both in plurality, the heat exchange group is a group, and the plurality of first pipelines Each of the first conduits is selectively connectable to one or more heat exchangers in the heat exchange group, the common heat exchange conduit being in communication with the second conduit.
16. 根据权利要求 14或 15所述的热交换***， 其特征在于， 当所述第一管路连接 至所述换热组中的多个换热器时， 各所述换热器之间为并联或者串联。 The heat exchange system according to claim 14 or 15, wherein when the first conduit is connected to a plurality of heat exchangers in the heat exchange group, between the heat exchangers In parallel or in series.
17. 根据权利要求 16所述的热交换***，其特征在于，所述第一管路与所述换热器 之间设置有第一阀门， 所述换热组中的各换热器之间设置有第二阀门。 The heat exchange system according to claim 16, wherein a first valve is disposed between the first pipeline and the heat exchanger, and between the heat exchangers in the heat exchange group A second valve is provided.
18. 根据权利要求 13所述的热交换***，其特征在于，所述电池模块和所述第一管 路均为一个， 所述换热组为一组， 所述共用换热管路与所述第一管路连通。 The heat exchange system according to claim 13, wherein each of the battery module and the first pipeline is one, the heat exchange group is a group, and the common heat exchange pipeline and the same The first pipeline is connected.
19. 根据权利要求 13所述的热交换***，其特征在于，所述电池模块和所述第一管 路均为多个， 所述换热组为多组， 所述多个第一管路中的每个第一管路与所述 多组换热组中每个换热组的共用换热管路一一对应地连通。 The heat exchange system according to claim 13, wherein the battery module and the first pipeline are both, and the heat exchange group is a plurality of groups, and the plurality of first pipelines Each of the first pipelines communicates with the common heat exchange pipeline of each of the plurality of heat exchange groups in a one-to-one correspondence.
20. 根据权利要求 13所述的热交换***，其特征在于，每个所述换热组中的各所述 换热器的换热面积均不相同。 20. The heat exchange system according to claim 13, wherein a heat exchange area of each of the heat exchangers in each of the heat exchange groups is different.
21. 根据权利要求 13所述的热交换***， 其特征在于， 所述电池模块包括钒电池模块和燃料电池模块； 21. The heat exchange system according to claim 13, wherein the battery module comprises a vanadium battery module and a fuel cell module;
所述热交换模块包括用于所述钒电池模块的电池堆散热的第一管路、 用于 所述燃料电池模块的电池堆散热的第一管路、 用于所述燃料电池模块的阳极尾 气及阴极尾气散热的第一管路以及与所述第一管路发生热交换的第二管路， 所述热交换模块包括一个换热组， 所述换热组包括四个换热器， 所述四个 换热器具有共用换热管路以及围绕在所述共用换热管路外部的***换热管路， 所述第二管路与所述共用换热管路连通， 所述第一管路与每个所述换热器的外 围换热管路一一对应地连通；  The heat exchange module includes a first conduit for heat dissipation of a stack of the vanadium battery module, a first conduit for heat dissipation of the stack of the fuel cell module, and an anode exhaust gas for the fuel cell module And a first pipeline for dissipating heat from the cathode exhaust gas and a second conduit for heat exchange with the first conduit, the heat exchange module includes a heat exchange group, and the heat exchange group includes four heat exchangers, The four heat exchangers have a common heat exchange pipeline and a peripheral heat exchange pipeline surrounding the common heat exchange pipeline, and the second pipeline is connected to the common heat exchange pipeline, the first The pipeline is in one-to-one correspondence with the peripheral heat exchange tubes of each of the heat exchangers;
所述钒电池模块的电池堆、 燃料电池模块的电池堆和燃料电池模块的阳极 尾气及阴极尾气的散热顺序如下：  The heat dissipation sequence of the battery stack of the vanadium battery module, the battery stack of the fuel cell module, and the anode exhaust gas and the cathode exhaust gas of the fuel cell module is as follows:
先进行所述钒电池模块的电池堆的散热、 再进行所述燃料电池模块的电池 堆的散热， 所述燃料电池模块的阳极尾气及阴极尾气的散热位于所述钒电池模 块的电池堆的散热和燃料电池模块的电池堆的散热之间。  Dissipating heat from the battery stack of the vanadium battery module, and then dissipating heat from the battery stack of the fuel cell module, wherein heat dissipation of the anode exhaust gas and the cathode exhaust gas of the fuel cell module is located in a heat sink of the battery stack of the vanadium battery module Between the heat dissipation of the stack of fuel cell modules.
PCT/CN2012/087447 2011-12-31 2012-12-25 Heat exchange system and heat exchange method WO2013097706A1 (en)

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