WO2013087722A1 - Method, apparatus and system for reducing vibration in a rotary system - Google Patents

Method, apparatus and system for reducing vibration in a rotary system Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2013087722A1
WO2013087722A1 PCT/EP2012/075287 EP2012075287W WO2013087722A1 WO 2013087722 A1 WO2013087722 A1 WO 2013087722A1 EP 2012075287 W EP2012075287 W EP 2012075287W WO 2013087722 A1 WO2013087722 A1 WO 2013087722A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
balancing
rotational
rim
chamber
rotary system
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2012/075287
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Alvin Ronlan
Original Assignee
Carnehammar, Prof. Dr. Lars Bertil
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from EP11193007.9A external-priority patent/EP2604885A1/en
Application filed by Carnehammar, Prof. Dr. Lars Bertil filed Critical Carnehammar, Prof. Dr. Lars Bertil
Publication of WO2013087722A1 publication Critical patent/WO2013087722A1/en

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
    • F16F15/00—Suppression of vibrations in systems; Means or arrangements for avoiding or reducing out-of-balance forces, e.g. due to motion
    • F16F15/32—Correcting- or balancing-weights or equivalent means for balancing rotating bodies, e.g. vehicle wheels
    • F16F15/36—Correcting- or balancing-weights or equivalent means for balancing rotating bodies, e.g. vehicle wheels operating automatically, i.e. where, for a given amount of unbalance, there is movement of masses until balance is achieved
    • F16F15/366—Correcting- or balancing-weights or equivalent means for balancing rotating bodies, e.g. vehicle wheels operating automatically, i.e. where, for a given amount of unbalance, there is movement of masses until balance is achieved using fluid or powder means, i.e. non-discrete material

Definitions

  • the rotary system may initially be balanced during production of the rotary system by selectively removing material from, or adding material to, a rotating element of the rotary system such that its centre of gravity (CofG) is moved to its centre of rotation (CofR), that is fulcrum.
  • CofG centre of gravity
  • CofR centre of rotation
  • Another aspect of the invention is a method, wherein attaching said rotational element 200, 201 comprises affixing, gluing or bracing said rotational element 200, 201 to said rotary system 100.
  • Another aspect of the invention is a method, wherein said chamber 210, 211 is annular or ring-shaped, or cylindrical. Another aspect of the invention is a method, wherein said chamber 210, 211 is closed or sealed. Another aspect of the invention is a method, wherein said chamber 210, 211 has a diameter of between 0.005 m and 2 m, or between 0.01 m and 1 m, or between 0.02 m and 0.5 m, or between 0.05 m and 0.2 m, or 0.1 m.
  • Another aspect of the invention is an apparatus for reducing vibration in a rotary system 100, comprising a rotational element 200, 201 comprising a chamber 210, 211 comprising a circumferential balancing area 220, 221, having a cross section and being filled with an amount of a balancing substance 230, 231, said rotational element 200, 201 and said chamber 210, 211 having a rotational axis 240, characterized in that said cross section is a changeable cross section, and said cross section is adaptable in response to balancing said rotary system 100.
  • the balancing substance may fill the chamber to a degree where the rim may be adequately balanced.
  • the exact amount may be adapted in view of the rim and tyre assembly type, e.g. taking into consideration weight of the rim and tyre assembly.
  • the chamber may be sealed when an amount of balancing substance is filled into the chamber.
  • the amount of balancing substance may be determined using a machine for determining imbalances in the rim and tyre assembly.
  • Fig. 24 shows an exemplary representation of accelerations of the vehicle tyre over time in a second cycle with two supplemental rotational elements each of which comprising the amount of the balancing substance;
  • Fig. 5 shows a cross-sectional view of the vehicle tyre 100 comprising a balancing system according to another embodiment of the invention.
  • the mounting element 270 is formed as a waved, for example sinuous, or saw-tooth circumferential filament, for example wire such as metal wire, with inwards curved edges, adapted to the first shoulder portion, inner liner and second shoulder portion of the vehicle tyre 100.
  • the circumferential filament may be a spring. Owing to a resilient force of the mounting element 270, it fixedly mounts the balancing system to the rotary system, for example vehicle tyre 100.
  • the rotational element 200, 201 may be a rotational element 200, 201 comprising a chamber 210, 211 disclosed in European patent application no. 11193007.9, which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety, comprising a
  • the balancing substance 2300 operating in the chamber 2100 may be a thixotropic balancing substance. Owing to vibration, the thixotropic balancing substance liquefies and distributes itself along the circumferential balancing area 2200, such that a CofG moves towards the rotational axis 2400, that is CofR, of the rotational system (not shown), and the vibration is reduced or minimized or eliminated. Without vibration, the thixotropic balancing substance solidifies again and maintains its position. An amount of the balancing substance 2300 may be inserted into the rotational element 2000 during extrusion.
  • Aioo a loo * bioo- While a rectangular cross section may be straight forward to implement, other shapes, such as rounded rectangular, square, semicircle-shaped, bell-shaped, elliptical or oval, may be employed.
  • Fig. 23 shows an exemplary representation of accelerations of a vehicle tyre over time in a first cycle with two supplemental rotational elements each of which comprising the amount of the balancing substance (#4-1 (0.0-0.15)) in the same scale as in Fig. 22 as well as in another scale zoomed-out by factor four (#4-1 (0.0-0.6)).
  • #4-1 shows the first cycle in Fig. 23 also in the same scale as in Fig. 22; however, accelerations above 0.15 g lie outside this
  • the peaks are caused by resonances of a test rig (not shown) during speeding up and speeding down.
  • the exponential decay is caused by rapid distribution of the amounts of the thixotropic balancing substance in the chambers.
  • a glycol ether component comprising one or more ethylene/propylene glycol copolymer ethers of the general formula (I) or the general (II) or mixtures thereof R-0 ⁇ [CH(Ci-i 3 )CH 2 -0-] m [CH 2 -CH 2 -0-] consent ⁇ H (I) Rl-(0- ⁇ [CH(CHOCH 2 -0-] m [CH 2 -CH 2 -0-] n ⁇ H) 2 (II) wherein R is hydrogen or an alkyl group of 2-8 carbon atoms; Ri is an alkylene moiety of 2-8 carbon atoms in which the two substituents are not carried on the same carbon atom; m is the mole percentage of propylene glycol in the ethylene/propylene glycol copolymer moiety or moieties; and n is the mole percentage of ethylene glycol in the ethylene/propylene glycol copolymer moiety or moie
  • rotational element (200, 201) may be attached on an inner side of said rim, an outer side of said rim, on said rim towards said vehicle tyre or on said rim towards said rotational axis (240), or
  • said rotational element (200, 201) is a hollow shaft or tubular shaft;
  • An apparatus for reducing vibration in a rotary system comprising : a rotational element (200, 201) comprising a chamber (210, 211) comprising a circumferential balancing area (220, 221), having a cross section and being filled with an amount of a balancing substance (230, 231), said rotational element (200, 201) and said chamber (210, 211) having a rotational axis (240),

Abstract

A method of reducing vibration in a rotary system (100), comprising: providing a rotational element (200, 201) comprising a chamber (210, 211) comprising a circumferential balancing area (220, 221), having a cross section and being filled with an amount of a balancing substance (230, 231), said rotational element (200, 201) and said chamber (210, 211) having a rotational axis (240), balancing said rotary system (100), characterized by providing said rotational element (200, 201) with a mounting element (270) for mounting said rotational element (200, 201) to said rotary system (100); a corresponding apparatus and system.

Description

Method, Apparatus and System for Reducing Vibration in a Rotary System
Field of the Invention
Embodiments of the invention described herein relate generally to reducing vibration, and more particularly to a method, an apparatus and a system for reducing vibration in a rotary system such as a vehicle tire or vehicle wheel.
Background of the Invention
Vibration is a major factor in a rotary system, for example a vehicle wheel.
Vibration negatively effects durability that is service interval and life time, safety and comfort. With regard to safety, vibration has a direct influence on stability and may cause material fatigue and damage. With regard to comfort, vibration has a direct influence on noise and may increase a level of noise. Moreover, vibration-induced noise may be amplified by an overall system, for example a motor vehicle, comprising the rotary system.
A rotary system may, for example, comprise a tyre, rim, shaft, bearing, rotor, or a combination thereof. A main source of vibration of the rotary system is imbalance. Vibrations may comprise rotation-speed-dependent vibrations generally originating from the rotary system. Vibrations may damage rolling- element bearings, for example ball bearings or roller bearings, used, for example, as bearings, or seals.
In order to reduce vibration, the rotary system may initially be balanced during production of the rotary system by selectively removing material from, or adding material to, a rotating element of the rotary system such that its centre of gravity (CofG) is moved to its centre of rotation (CofR), that is fulcrum.
Removing material may comprise abrading, for example grinding, material from the rotating element, or drilling a hole into the rotating elements, or a
combination thereof. Adding material may comprise attaching, for example gluing, material to the rotating element. However, the removing or adding step is an additional step in production, requiring time and increasing cost, particularly in large-volume production.
Moreover, owing to wear and tear of the rotary system, or collection of particles, for example dirt, in the rotary system, vibration in the rotary system generally increases over time. In more detail, owing to wear and tear of a rotating element, its CofG moves away from the CofR over time causing an imbalance causing vibration.
German patent application DE 198 53 691 Al defines substance characteristic, shape, weight, geometry and deposition locations of a tyre-balancing substance as internal circumferential gel bead in a tyre having an internal surface exhibiting defined shape and geometry. The tyre has one or more circumferential grooves, or a tubular hollow part to accept the tyre-balancing substance.
PCT patent application WO 2009/037314 discloses a method of processing a vehicle tyre and a thixotropic balancing substance, comprising providing a first amount of the balancing substance to a first circumferential balancing area on an inner side of the vehicle tyre comprising distributing the first amount of the balancing substance on the first balancing area substantially uniformly; and a corresponding apparatus and system. The vehicle tyre comprises a circumferential balancing area on the inner side, for example an inner liner of the tyre.
For these and other reasons, there is a need for the invention as set forth in the following in the embodiments.
Summary of the Invention
The invention aims to provide a method, an apparatus and a system for reducing vibration in a rotary system.
This object is solved by the subject matter of the independent claims.
An aspect of the invention is a method of reducing vibration in a rotary
system 100, comprising providing a rotational element 200, 201 comprising a chamber 210, 211 comprising a circumferential balancing area 220, 221, having a cross section and being filled with an amount of a balancing substance 230, 231, said rotational element 200, 201 and said chamber 210, 211 having a rotational axis 240, balancing said rotary system 100, characterized by providing said rotational element 200, 201 with a mounting element 270 for mounting said rotational element 200, 201 to said rotary system 100.
Another aspect of the invention is a method, further comprising rotating said rotational element 200, 201 about said rotational axis 240, such that said balancing substance 230, 231 distributes itself along the circumferential balancing area 220, 221, and an imbalance of said rotational system 100 is reduced.
Another aspect of the invention is a method, further comprising attaching said mounting element 270 to said rotary system 100.
Another aspect of the invention is a method, wherein attaching said mounting element 270 comprises affixing, gluing or bracing said mounting element 270 to said rotary system 100.
Another aspect of the invention is a method, wherein said rotary system 100 is a vehicle tyre or a vehicle wheel comprising said vehicle tyre and a rim; and attaching said mounting element 270 comprises inserting said rotational element 200, 201 and said mounting element 270 into said tyre, attaching said mounting element 270 to said rim, wherein said mounting element 270 may be attached on an inner side of said rim, an outer side of said rim, on said rim towards said vehicle tyre or on said rim towards said rotational axis 240, or a combination thereof. For example, the mounting element 270 may be glued to the tyre or rim. Further, the mounting element 270 may be glued together with the rotational element 200, 201 to the tyre or rim.
Another aspect of the invention is a method, wherein said rotational element 200, 201 is an original element of said rotary system 100, a replacement element of said rotary system 100, or a supplemental element to said rotary system 100.
Another aspect of the invention is a method, wherein said balancing substance 230, 231 is a thixotropic balancing substance.
Another aspect of the invention is a method, wherein said mounting element 270 is an original element of said rotary system 100, a replacement element of said rotary system 100, or a supplemental element to said rotary system 100; said mounting element 270 is flexible; said mounting element 270 is ductile; said mounting element 270 is elastic; said mounting element 270 is resilient; said mounting element 270 is inflatable; said mounting element 270 is compressible; said mounting element 270 is a meshwork, for example a mesh; said mounting element 270 is a tube, for example a flexible tube; said mounting element 270 slabstock foam, for example a flexible slabstock foam; or a combination thereof.
Another aspect of the invention is a method, wherein said mounting element 270 is provided in said chamber 210, 211. Another aspect of the invention is a method, wherein said rotational element 200, 201 and said mounting element 270 are integrally formed, for example blown, casted such as rotational casted, extruded, moulded or poured.
Another aspect of the invention is an apparatus for reducing vibration in a rotary system 100, comprising a rotational element 200, 201 comprising a chamber 210, 211 comprising a circumferential balancing area 220, 221, having a cross section and being filled with an amount of a balancing substance 230, 231, said rotational element 200, 201 and said chamber 210, 211 having a rotational axis 240, characterized by a mounting element 270 provided to said rotational element 200, 201 for mounting said rotational element 200, 201 to said rotary system 100.
Another aspect of the invention is a balancing system for reducing vibration in a rotary system 100, comprising a rotational element 200, 201 comprising a chamber 210, 211 comprising a circumferential balancing area 220, 221, having a cross section and being filled with an amount of a balancing substance 230, 231, said rotational element 200, 201 and said chamber 210, 211 having a rotational axis 240, characterized by a mounting element 270 provided to said rotational element 200, 201 for mounting said rotational element 200, 201 to said rotary system 100.
According to the aspects of the invention, the rotational element 200, 201 is provided with a mounting element 270 for mounting said rotational element 200, 201 to said rotary system 100, and, hence, may be positioned and adjusted in the rotary system 100. Further, the aspects of the invention simplify handling of the balancing system and applying the balancing system to the rotary system 100. In more detail, the balancing system comprising the rotational element 200, 201 containing the balancing substance 230, 231 and the mounting element 270 may, for example, be pre-produced, preferably in a number of configurations, and, optionally, tested, and, later in a factory of a vehicle manufacture or a repair shop, the balancing system may be inserted into a vehicle tyre. In more detail, the balancing system may be inserted into the vehicle tyre in a folded
configuration, and may unfold or be unfolded in the vehicle tyre into an unfolded configuration. The mounting element 270 may be pressure-resistant. The mounting element 270 may also be inflatable or compressible. The mounting element 270 may adhere to the vehicle tyre by friction. Thus, the mounting element 270 may be self-positioning, self-adjusting or both. Further, the mounting element 270 may optionally be glued to the vehicle tyre. The mounting element 270 may comprise opening for applying glue there through.
A further aspect of the present invention relates to a method of reducing vibration in a rotary system 100, comprising providing a rotational element 200, 201 comprising a chamber 210, 211 comprising a circumferential balancing area 220, 221, having a cross section and being filled with an amount of a balancing substance 230, 231, said rotational element 200, 201 and said chamber 210, 211 having a rotational axis 240, balancing said rotary system 100, characterized in that said cross section is a changeable cross section, and said cross section is adapted in response to said balancing.
Another aspect of the invention is a method, further comprising rotating said rotational element 200, 201 about said rotational axis 240, such that said balancing substance 230, 231 distributes itself along the circumferential balancing area 220, 221 and adapts said cross section, and an imbalance of said rotational system 100 is reduced.
Another aspect of the invention is a method, further comprising attaching said rotational element 200, 201 to said rotary system 100.
Another aspect of the invention is a method, wherein attaching said rotational element 200, 201 comprises affixing, gluing or bracing said rotational element 200, 201 to said rotary system 100.
Another aspect of the invention is a method, wherein said rotary system 100 is a vehicle tyre or a vehicle wheel comprising said vehicle tyre and a rim; and attaching said rotational element 200, 201 comprises inserting said rotational element 200, 201 into said tyre, attaching said rotational element 200, 201 to said rim, wherein said rotational element 200, 201 may be attached on an inner side of said rim, an outer side of said rim, on said rim towards said vehicle tyre or on said rim towards said rotational axis 240, or a combination thereof.
Another aspect of the invention is a method, wherein said rotational element 200, 201 is an original element of said rotary system 100, a replacement element of said rotary system 100, or a supplemental element to said rotary system 100. Another aspect of the invention is a method, wherein said rotational element 200, 201 is a hollow shaft or tubular shaft. Another aspect of the invention is a method, wherein said rotational element 200, 201 is an articulated shaft, for example a cardan shaft. Another aspect of the invention is a method, wherein said rotational element 200, 201 is flexible. Another aspect of the invention is a method, wherein said rotational element 200, 201 is ductile. Another aspect of the invention is a method, wherein said rotational element 200, 201 is a tube, for example a flexible tube. Another aspect of the invention is a method, wherein said rotational element 200, 201 is a cover, for example a flexible cover, forming said cross section together with said rotary system 100.
Another aspect of the invention is a method, wherein said chamber 210, 211 is annular or ring-shaped, or cylindrical. Another aspect of the invention is a method, wherein said chamber 210, 211 is closed or sealed. Another aspect of the invention is a method, wherein said chamber 210, 211 has a diameter of between 0.005 m and 2 m, or between 0.01 m and 1 m, or between 0.02 m and 0.5 m, or between 0.05 m and 0.2 m, or 0.1 m. Another aspect of the invention is a method, wherein said chamber 200, 211 has a length of between 0.001 m and 10 m, or 0.002 m and 5 m, or 0.005 m and 2 m, or between 0.01 m and 1 m, or between 0.02 m and 0.5 m, or between 0.05 m and 0.2 m, or 0.1 m. Another aspect of the invention is a method, wherein said cross section is rectangular, for example rounded rectangular, square, semicircle-shaped, bell-shaped, circular, elliptical or oval. Another aspect of the invention is a method, wherein said cross section has a circumference, said circumference having a constant length or a variable length.
Another aspect of the invention is a method, wherein, wherein : said amount of said balancing substance 230, 231 is between 0.001 kg and 1000 kg, or between 0.002 kg and 500 kg, or between 0.005 kg and 200 kg, or between 0.01 kg and 100 kg, or between 0.02 kg and 50 kg, or between 0.05 kg and 20 kg, or between 0.1 kg and 10 kg, or between 0.2 kg and 5 kg, or between 0.5 kg and 2 kg, or 1 kg.
Another aspect of the invention is a method, wherein said balancing substance 230, 231 is a thixotropic balancing substance.
Another aspect of the invention is an apparatus for reducing vibration in a rotary system 100, comprising a rotational element 200, 201 comprising a chamber 210, 211 comprising a circumferential balancing area 220, 221, having a cross section and being filled with an amount of a balancing substance 230, 231, said rotational element 200, 201 and said chamber 210, 211 having a rotational axis 240, characterized in that said cross section is a changeable cross section, and said cross section is adaptable in response to balancing said rotary system 100.
Another aspect of the invention is a balancing system for reducing vibration in a rotary system 100, comprising a rotational element 200, 201 comprising a chamber 210, 211 comprising a circumferential balancing area 220, 221, having a cross section and being filled with an amount of a balancing substance 230, 231, said rotational element 200, 201 and said chamber 210, 211 having a rotational axis 240, characterized in that said cross section is a changeable cross section, and said cross section is adaptable in response to balancing said rotary system 100.
According to the aspects of the invention, the rotational element 200, 201 contains the balancing substance 230, 231 and, hence, isolates the balancing substance 230, 231 from any rotary system 100, and guides the balancing substance 230, 231 during balancing. Further, the aspects of the invention simplify handling of the balancing system and applying the balancing system to the rotary system 100. In more detail, the balancing system comprising the rotational element 200, 201 containing the balancing substance 230, 231 may, for example, be pre-produced, preferably in a number of configurations, and, optionally, tested, and, later in a factory of a vehicle manufacture or a repair shop, the balancing system may be glued into a vehicle tyre on an inner liner. Furthermore, the aspects of the invention reduce weight of the balancing system. In more detail, as the cross section of the rotational element 200, 201 adapts in response to the balancing, for example the distribution of the balancing substance 230, 231, the rotational element 200, 201 may be more compactly designed without head space, that would require a fixed larger cross section of the rational element and, thus, result in an increased weight of the rotational element 200, 201. For a given circumference, an area of any cross section may vary between zero and a maximum area for a given cross section. In this regard, a round cross section yields the largest maximum area. As the rotational element 200, 201 does not have to provide head space containing a medium having a density that is lower than a density of the balancing substance 230, 231, for example a gas or mixtures of gases, for example atmospheric air, the balancing system is pressure- tight and pressure-resistant. A still further aspect relates to a method of reducing vibration in a rotary system 100, the method may comprise providing a wheel rim having a circumference, an adaptor element including a chamber having a cross section and being filled with an amount of a balancing substance, said wheel rim and said chamber having a rotational axis, the method comprising attaching said wheel rim and said adaptor to a vehicle. When the adaptor is attached to the wheel rim the combined system will be able to rebalance itself when changes to e.g. the tyre part occur. This could be due to wear and tear of the tyre, the tyre hitting a rock or other hard object.
The method may comprise the adaptor having a set of attachment members extending from the chamber. The attachment members preferably extend from an outer surface of the chamber. The chamber and the attachment members may be formed integrally or the attachment members may be attached to the surface of the chamber, e.g. by welding or other process.
The adaptor includes an amount of balancing substance. In specific embodiments the amount of balancing substance may be chosen depending on the actual size of the rim to which the adaptor is to be mounted. Examples include from 10 g to 20 kg, such as 12 g to 15 kg, such as 50 g to 10 kg, such as 100 g to 5 kg, such as 250 g to 2 kg, such as 450 g to 1 kg, such as 10 g to 20 g, such as 20 g to 50 g, such as 50 g to 100 g, such as 100 g to 200 g, such as 200 g to 250 g, such as 250 g to 450 g, such as 450 g to 550 g, such as 550 g to 750 g, such as 750 g to 1 kg, such as 1 kg to 2 kg, such as 2 kg to 5 kg, such as 5 kg to 8 kg, such as 8 kg to 15 kg, such as 15 kg to 20 kg. For passenger cars around 20 grams to 500 grams are envisioned. For trucks around 1.5 kg is envisioned.
The adaptor may be made from plain steel. The adaptor may be painted or chromated. The adaptor may be made from stainless steel, aluminium or plastic or other suitable composition of material. The adaptor may be attached to a passenger car, bus, light truck, heavy truck or motorcycle, or an aircraft.
An aspect of the present invention relates to a rim for a vehicle which may be provided, wherein the rim has a chamber, the chamber may be partly filled with a balancing substance which distributes itself during rotation of the rim. The balancing substance may be a thixotropic substance as discussed above. The rim may be part of a tyre and rim assembly to be used for a wheel for a vehicle. The rim may be supplied without a tyre mounted thereon. When the rim is to be used, a tyre is mounted on the rim. The rim may include more than one chamber. The chamber or chambers may extend along a part of the circumference of the rim. In case multiple chambers are present, the chambers need not be filled with the same amount of balancing gel.
The chamber may be U-shaped or C-shaped. The chamber is then closed at either ends. The chamber may be closed by a cover which is glued or welded on. Thus, the adaptor may have a chamber covering 100% to 75%, or 90% to 50% or 80% to 45%, or 75% to 25% or 50% to 15% of the circumference of the rim at the distance from the centre of rotation where the chamber is located.
The balancing substance may fill the chamber to a degree where the rim may be adequately balanced. The exact amount may be adapted in view of the rim and tyre assembly type, e.g. taking into consideration weight of the rim and tyre assembly.
The chamber may be sealed when an amount of balancing substance is filled into the chamber. The amount of balancing substance may be determined using a machine for determining imbalances in the rim and tyre assembly.
All of the above aspects may be combined and each aspect may include one or more feature mentioned in connection with any of the other aspects.
Brief Description of the Several Views of the Drawing
While the specification concludes with claims particularly pointing out and distinctly claiming that which is regarded as the invention, a more particular description of the invention will be rendered by reference to specific embodiments thereof, which are depicted in the appended drawing, in order to illustrate the manner in which embodiments of the invention are obtained. Understanding that the drawing depicts only typical embodiments of the invention, that are not necessarily drawn to scale, and, therefore, are not to be considered limiting of its scope, embodiments will be described and explained with additional specificity and detail through use of the accompanying drawing in which :
Fig. 1 shows a cross-sectional view of a vehicle tyre 100 comprising a known balancing system; Fig. 2 shows a cross-sectional view of a vehicle tyre 100 comprising a balancing system according to an embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 3 shows a cross-sectional view of the vehicle tyre 100 comprising a balancing system according to a modified embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 4 shows a cross-sectional view of the vehicle tyre 100 comprising a balancing system according to another modified embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 5 shows a cross-sectional view of the vehicle tyre 100 comprising a balancing system according to another embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 6 shows a cross-sectional view of the vehicle tyre 100 comprising a balancing system according to another modified embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 7 shows a cross-sectional view of the vehicle tyre 100 comprising a balancing system according to yet another modified embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 8 shows a cross-sectional view of the vehicle tyre 100 comprising a balancing system according to yet another embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 9 shows a cross-sectional view of the vehicle tyre 100 comprising a balancing system according to yet another modified embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 10 shows a cross-sectional view of the vehicle tyre 100 comprising a balancing system according to yet another embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 11 shows a cross-sectional view of the vehicle tyre 100 comprising a balancing system according to yet another embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 12 shows a cross-sectional view of the vehicle tyre 100 comprising another balancing system according to embodiments of the invention;
Fig. 13 shows a cross-sectional view of the vehicle tyre 100 comprising yet another balancing system according to embodiments of the invention,
Fig. 14 shows a cross-sectional view of a vehicle tyre 100 comprising a known balancing system;
Fig. 15 shows a cross-sectional axial view of a vehicle tyre 100 comprising a balancing system according to an embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 16 shows a corresponding cross-sectional view of the vehicle tyre 100 comprising the balancing system according to this embodiment of the invention; Fig. 17 shows a cross-sectional view of the vehicle tyre 100 comprising a balancing system according to a modified embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 18 shows a cross-sectional axial view of a balancing system according to another embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 19 shows a corresponding cross-sectional view of the balancing system according to this other embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 20 illustrates different configurations of an exemplary rotational element 200 having a changeable cross section with a constant circumference;
Fig. 21 illustrates different configurations of an exemplary rotational element 200 having a changeable cross section with a variable circumference;
Fig. 22 shows exemplary representations of accelerations of a vehicle tyre over time without any balancing system, a vehicle tyre over time with metal weights, and a modified vehicle tyre over time with two supplemental rotational elements without balancing substance;
Fig. 23 shows an exemplary representation of accelerations of a vehicle tyre over time in a first cycle of five cycles with two supplemental rotational elements each of which comprising an amount of balancing substance;
Fig. 24 shows an exemplary representation of accelerations of the vehicle tyre over time in a second cycle with two supplemental rotational elements each of which comprising the amount of the balancing substance;
Fig. 25 shows an exemplary representation of accelerations of the vehicle tyre over time in a third cycle with two supplemental rotational elements each of which comprising the amount of the balancing substance;
Fig. 26 shows an exemplary representation of accelerations of the vehicle tyre over time in a fourth cycle with two supplemental rotational elements each of which comprising the amount of the balancing substance;
Fig. 27 shows an exemplary representation of accelerations of the vehicle tyre over time in a fifth cycle with two supplemental rotational elements each of which comprising the amount of the balancing substance,
Fig. 28 shows a rim and an adaptor.
Fig. 29 shows a zoomed view of a rim and an adaptor. Fig. 30 shows other views of a rim and adaptor.
Figs. 31-34 show adaptors.
Fig. 35 shows a cross-section of the adaptor of Fig. 34.
Fig. 36 shows a rim and an adaptor.
Figs. 37 and 38 show adaptors.
Fig. 39 shows a cross-sectional view of the adaptor of Fig. 38.
Fig. 40 shows an adaptor.
Fig. 41 shows a zoomed cross-sectional view of the adaptor of Fig. 40.
Figs. 42 and 43 show front and back view of an adaptor.
Fig. 44 shows a rim having a chamber.
Detailed Description of the Invention
In the detailed description of the embodiments, reference is made to the accompanying drawing which forms a part hereof and shows, by way of
illustration, specific embodiments in which the invention may be practiced. In order to show the structures of the embodiments most clearly, the drawing included herein is a diagrammatic representation of inventive articles. Thus, actual appearance of the fabricated structures may appear different while still
incorporating essential structures of embodiments. Moreover, the drawing shows only the structures necessary to understand the embodiments. Additional structures known in the art have not been included to maintain clarity of the drawings. It is also to be understood, that features and/or elements depicted herein are illustrated with particular dimensions relative to one another for purposes of simplicity and ease of understanding, and that actual dimensions may differ substantially from that illustrated herein. In the drawing, like numerals describe substantially similar components throughout the several views. The embodiments are intended to describe aspects of the invention in sufficient detail to enable those of skill in the art to practice the invention. Other embodiments may be utilized and structural, logical or electrical changes or combinations thereof may be made without departing from the scope of the invention.
Moreover, it is to be understood, that the various embodiments of the invention, although different, are not necessarily mutually exclusive. For example, a particular element, feature, structure, characteristic, integer or step, or group of elements, features, structures, characteristics, integers or steps described in one embodiment may be included within other embodiments. Furthermore, it is to be understood, that embodiments of the invention may be implemented using different technologies. Also, the term "exemplary" is merely meant as an example, rather than the best or optimal. The detailed description is, therefore, not to be taken in a limiting sense.
Throughout this specification the word "comprise" or variations such as
"comprises" or "comprising", will be understood to imply the inclusion of a stated element, integer or step, or group of elements, integers or steps, but not the exclusion of any other element, integer or step, or group of elements, integers or steps.
In the description and claims, the terms "include", "have", "with" or other variants thereof may be used. It is to be understood, that such terms are intended to be inclusive in a manner similar to the term "comprise".
In the description and claims, the terms "coupled" and "connected", along with derivatives such as "communicatively coupled" may be used. It is to be
understood, that these terms are not intended as synonyms for each other.
Rather, in particular embodiments, "connected" may be used to indicate, that two or more elements are in direct physical or electrical contact with each other.
However, "coupled" may also mean that two or more elements are not in direct contact with each other, but yet still co-operate or interact with each other.
In the description and claims, terms, such as "upper", "lower", "first", "second", etc., may be only used for descriptive purposes and are not to be construed as limiting. The embodiments of a device or article described herein can be manufactured, used, or shipped in a number of positions and orientations.
Fig. 1 shows a cross-sectional view of a vehicle tyre 100 comprising a known balancing system. The vehicle tyre 100 comprises a circumferential tread surface 110 defining a tread face on an outer surface, a first sidewall portion 120 with a first shoulder portion and a first bead portion, and a second sidewall portion 130 with a second shoulder portion and a second bead portion axially spaced from the first bead portion to form a toroidal shape and an annular hollow. The vehicle tyre 100 further comprises an inner liner 140 on an inner surface between the first sidewall portion 120 and the second sidewall portion 130. The vehicle tyre is rotatable around a rotational axis 240. The vehicle tyre 100 further comprises the known balancing system arranged between the first shoulder portion and the second shoulder portion, approximately in a centre area. The known balancing system comprises a toroidal rotational element 200 providing an annular chamber 210 with a circumferential balancing area 220 and a balancing substance 230 partially filling the chamber 210 of the rotational element 200.
Fig. 2 shows a cross-sectional view of a vehicle tyre 100 comprising a balancing system according to an embodiment of the invention. The vehicle tyre 100 comprises a circumferential tread surface 110 defining a tread face on an outer surface, a first sidewall portion 120 with a first shoulder portion and a first bead portion, and a second sidewall portion 130 with a second shoulder portion and a second bead portion axially spaced from the first bead portion to form a toroidal shape and an annular hollow. The vehicle tyre 100 is rotatable around a rotational axis 240. The vehicle tyre 100 may be a pneumatic tyre and comprise a
pressurized gas or mixture of gases, for example atmospheric air (not shown). The vehicle tyre 100 may be intended for a motorized vehicle, for example a car, bus, light truck, heavy truck or motorcycle, or an aircraft. The vehicle tyre 100 further comprises the balancing system according to this embodiment of the invention arranged between the first shoulder portion and the second shoulder portion. The balancing system comprises a rotational element 200 providing an annular chamber 210 with a circumferential balancing area 220, a balancing substance 230 filling the chamber 210 of the rotational element 200, and a mounting element 270 attached to and enclosing the rotational element 200 for mounting the rotational element 200 to the vehicle tyre 100. In this embodiment, the mounting element 270 is formed as a cylinder with inwards curved edges, adapted to the first shoulder portion, inner liner and second shoulder portion of the vehicle tyre 100. The mounting element 270 may be attached, for example glued, welded such as ultra-sound welded, or vulcanised such as chemically vulcanized or cold vulcanised, to the rotational element 200. The mounting element 270 and the rotational element 200 may be integrally formed. The mounting element 270 may comprise, or form a part of, the rotational
element 200. The mounting element 270 may be a flexible mounting element, such as a tube, film, membrane or foil, made of elastic material, such as latex, polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polyamide, rubber, synthetics, carbon, or metal such as steel. The mounting element 270 may, for example, be blown, casted such as rotational casted, extruded, moulded or poured. Thus, the mounting element 270, which is annular, may have a joint (not shown), such as a seam, where ends of endless, configured material may be attached, for example glued, welded such as ultra-sound welded, or vulcanised such as chemically vulcanized or cold vulcanised. Owing to flexibility of the flexible mounting element, the balancing system may be inserted into the vehicle tyre 100, positioned therein and adjusted. The mounting element 270 may comprise a mounting area adapted to mount the balancing system to the rotary system, for example vehicle tyre. The mounting area may have a structure, texture, roughness or combination thereof adapted to engage with the rotary system, for example the inner liner of the vehicle tyre. The mounting area may comprise a nanostructure being, for example, formed by a material, such as a varnish, comprising nanoparticles, or imprinted on the mounting area. The mounting element 270 may be attached, for example glued, welded such as ultrasound welded, or vulcanised such as chemically vulcanized or cold vulcanised, to the rotary system, for example the vehicle tyre 100. For example, the mounting element 270 may be glued to the vehicle tyre 100 using an amount of glue (not shown). The mounting element 270 may comprise an opening (not shown), such as a gap, hole or recess, for applying glue, a vulcanization agent or vulcanization solution, for welding, or for receiving a projection situated on the rotary system.
The balancing substance 230 operating in the chamber 210 may be a thixotropic balancing substance. Owing to vibration, the thixotropic balancing substance liquefies and distributes itself along the circumferential balancing area 220, such that a CofG moves towards the rotational axis 240, that is CofR, of the vehicle tyre 100, and the vibration is reduced or minimized or eliminated. Without vibration, the thixotropic balancing substance solidifies again and maintains its position. The mounting element 270 may transfer the vibration from the rotary system 100 via the rotational element 200 to the balancing substance 230.
The rotary system 100 may further comprise a receiving element (not shown) for receiving the balancing system.
Fig. 3 shows a cross-sectional view of the vehicle tyre 100 comprising a balancing system according to a modified embodiment of the invention. In this modified embodiment, the mounting element 270 is formed as a plurality of bars, for example fins, with inwards curved ends, adapted to the first shoulder portion, inner liner and second shoulder portion of the vehicle tyre 100. Preferably, the bars are identical. As shown, the bars may be arranged around the rotational element 200 in parallel to the rotational axis 240. Preferably, the bars are approximately equally spaced around the rotational element 200. The bars may be spaced apart at any angle with regard to the rotational axis 240, for example 5°, 10°, 12°, 15°, 18°, 20°, 30°, 36°, 40°, 45°, 60°, and 90°.
Fig. 4 shows a cross-sectional view of the vehicle tyre 100 comprising a balancing system according to another modified embodiment of the invention. In this other modified embodiment, the mounting element 270 is formed as a meshwork, for example a mesh or fabric, with inwards curved edges, adapted to the first shoulder portion, inner liner and second shoulder portion of the vehicle tyre 100.
The meshwork may be made of woven fibres arranged in two, three or more directions. The fibres may, for example, be carbon or steel fibres. The directions may be running at any angle with regard to each other, for example 5°, 10°, 12°,
15°, 18°, 20°, 30°, 36°, 40°, 45°, 60°, and 90°.
Fig. 5 shows a cross-sectional view of the vehicle tyre 100 comprising a balancing system according to another embodiment of the invention. In this other embodiment, the mounting element 270 is formed as a waved, for example sinuous, or saw-tooth circumferential filament, for example wire such as metal wire, with inwards curved edges, adapted to the first shoulder portion, inner liner and second shoulder portion of the vehicle tyre 100. The circumferential filament may be a spring. Owing to a resilient force of the mounting element 270, it fixedly mounts the balancing system to the rotary system, for example vehicle tyre 100.
Fig. 6 shows a cross-sectional view of the vehicle tyre 100 comprising a balancing system according to another modified embodiment of the invention. In this other modified embodiment, the mounting element 270 is formed as a spring, for example metal spring, wound around the rotational element 200. Owing to a resilient force of the mounting element 270, it fixedly mounts the balancing system to the rotary system, for example vehicle tyre 100. As already described with reference to Fig. 2, the balancing system may be received by a receiving element (not shown). Fig. 7 shows a cross-sectional view of the vehicle tyre 100 comprising a balancing system according to yet another modified embodiment of the invention. In this other modified embodiment, the mounting element 270 is formed as a
circumferential filament, for example wire such as metal wire. The circumferential filament may be a spring. Owing to a resilient force of the mounting element 270, it fixedly mounts the balancing system to the rotary system, for example vehicle tyre 100. As already described with reference to Fig. 2, the balancing system may be received by a receiving element (not shown). The circumferential filament may be arranged in the chamber 210 of the rotational element 200.
Fig. 8 shows a cross-sectional view of the vehicle tyre 100 comprising a balancing system according to yet another embodiment of the invention. In this other embodiment, the mounting element 270 is formed as a tube, for example a flexible tube such as an inner tube. The tube may be inflatable. Owing to a pressure in the inflated mounting element 270, it fixedly mounts the balancing system to the rotary system, for example vehicle tyre 100. The rotational element 200 may be arranged in the mounting element 270.
Fig. 9 shows a cross-sectional view of the vehicle tyre 100 comprising a balancing system according to yet another modified embodiment of the invention. In this other modified embodiment, the mounting element 270 is formed as a tube, for example a flexible tube such as an inner tube. The tube may be inflatable. Owing to a pressure in the inflated mounting element 270, it fixedly mounts the balancing system to the rotary system, for example vehicle tyre 100. The rotational element 200 forms part of the mounting element 270.
Fig. 10 shows a cross-sectional view of the vehicle tyre 100 comprising a balancing system according to yet another embodiment of the invention. In this other embodiment, the mounting element 270 is formed as a ring, for example compressible ring such as foamed ring, adapted to the first shoulder portion, inner liner and second shoulder portion of the vehicle tyre 100. Preferably, the ring comprises open-cell material adapting to changes in pressure. The ring may comprise closed-cell material. Owing to a form of the mounting element 270, it fixedly mounts the balancing system to the rotary system, for example vehicle tyre 100. The rotational element 200 may be arranged on a surface of the mounting element 270, preferably towards the rotary system, for example vehicle tyre 100. Fig. 11 shows a cross-sectional view of the vehicle tyre 100 comprising a balancing system according to yet another embodiment of the invention. In this other embodiment, the mounting element 270 is formed as a waved, for example sinuous, or saw-tooth circumferential rigid tube, for example plastic tube or metal tube, with inwards curved edges, adapted to the first shoulder portion, inner liner and second shoulder portion of the vehicle tyre 100, having the chamber 210 and comprising the balancing substance 230. Owing to a resilient force of the mounting element 270, it fixedly mounts the balancing system to the rotary system, for example vehicle tyre 100.
Fig. 12 shows a cross-sectional view of the vehicle tyre 100 comprising another balancing system according to embodiments of the invention. The other balancing system according to the embodiments of the invention comprises a mounting element 270, a first rotational element 200 comprising a first amount of balancing substance 230 and arranged between the first shoulder portion and the second shoulder portion, closer, preferably next, to the first shoulder portion, and a second rotational element 201 comprising a second amount of the balancing substance 231 and arranged between the first shoulder portion and the second shoulder portion, closer, preferably next, to the second shoulder portion. The second rotational element 201 may be processed similarly or identically to, and preferably simultaneously with, the first rotational element 200. As the first rotational element 200 and the second rotational element 201 are separate and spaced apart, and operate independently, the balancing system according to the embodiments of the invention may reduce vibrations owing to significant geometrical abnormality, such as axial run-out or radial run-out and / or significant variations in axial, radial or tangential stiffness. Thus, according to embodiments of the invention, one, two, three or more rotational elements 200, 201 of the balancing system comprise one, two, three or more chambers 210 having a fulcrum on a rotational axis 240, comprising a circumferential balancing area 220, 221 and being filled with an amount of a balancing substance 230, 231. Fig. 13 shows a cross-sectional view of the vehicle tyre 100 comprising yet another balancing system according to embodiments of the invention. The other balancing system according to the embodiments of the invention comprises a mounting element 270 and a rotational element 200 providing an annular chamber 210 with a circumferential balancing area 220 and a balancing substance 230 filling the chamber 210 of the rotational element 200. The chamber 210 has a changeable cross section, and the changeable cross section is adapted in response to balancing of the vehicle tyre 100, that is distribution of the balancing substance 230 in the chamber 210.
The rotational element 200 may be a flexible rotational element, such as a tube, film, membrane or foil, made of elastic material, such as latex,
polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polyamide, rubber or synthetics. Owing to flexibility of the flexible rotational element, an area of the changeable cross section at points around the flexible rotational element is variable, although a circumference of the cross section is constant. However, as indicated in Fig. 13, the area of the cross section may vary, for example, from a smaller rounded rectangular area housing a smaller amount of balancing substance to a larger round area housing a larger amount of balancing substance.
Yet another balancing system (not shown) according to the embodiments of the invention comprises a mounting element 270, a rotational element 200 and a movable element (not shown) arranged in the rotational element 200. The rotational element 200 and the movable element (not shown) provide an annular chamber 210 with a circumferential balancing area 220 towards the rotational element 200. The balancing system further comprises a balancing substance 230 filling the chamber 210. The chamber 210 has a changeable cross section, and the changeable cross section is adapted in response to balancing of a rotary system to be balanced, that is distribution of the balancing substance 230 in the chamber 210.
The rotational element 200 and the movable element (not shown) may be rigid elements, and may comprise metal, for example steel, titanium, copper or aluminium, or composite material, for example glass-fibre-reinforced material or carbon-fibre-reinforced material, or synthetic material, for example plastics or plexiglas. The movable element (not shown) may be hollow, or solid. The movable element (not shown) may operate as balancing weight, preferably if it is solid. Owing to movability of the movable element (not shown), an area of the changeable cross section at points around the rotational element 200 is variable and a circumference of the cross section is variable. However, the area of the cross section may vary, for example, from a smaller rectangular area housing a smaller amount of balancing substance to a larger rectangular area housing a larger amount of balancing substance.
As already described, the rotary system 100 may be a vehicle tyre. The rotary system 100 may also be a vehicle wheel comprising a vehicle tyre and a rim, and the rotational element 200, 201 may also be attached, for example glued, vulcanised or welded, on an inner side of the rim, an outer side of the rim, on the rim towards the vehicle tyre or on the rim towards the rotational axis 240.
Moreover, the invention is applicable to any rotary system including rotary systems of, to name but a few, an aircraft, for example an aeroplane or a rotorcraft, such as a helicopter; an article processing machine, for example a washing machine, a wash dryer, or a laundry dryer such as a tumble dryer or spin dryer; an engine or motor system or a power transmission system of a motor vehicle such as a car; an engine, a powertrain or powerplant, or wheelset of rolling stock; a watercraft, for example a ship such as a cargo ship; a tool, for example a power tool or machine tool; a fan; or a power generator such as an electrical power generator.
The rotational element 200, 201 may be a rotational element 200, 201 comprising a chamber 210, 211 disclosed in European patent application no. 11193007.9, which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety, comprising a
circumferential balancing area 220, 221, having a cross section and being filled with an amount of a balancing substance 230, 231, said rotational element 200, 201 and said chamber 210, 211 having a rotational axis 240, wherein said cross section is a changeable cross section, and said cross section is adaptable in response to balancing said rotary system 100.
The balancing substance 230, 231 may be a thixotropic tyre balancing
composition disclosed in EP patent application no. 0 281 252 and corresponding US patent no. 4,867,792, which are hereby incorporated by reference in their entirety, having a yield stress value between 1 Pa and 260 Pa being capable of balancing tyres by being able to flow under the influence of the vibrations induced when a heavy spot on the tyre hits the road surface.
The balancing substance 230, 231 may be a tyre gel balancing composition disclosed in European patent no. 0 557 365 and US corresponding patent no. 5,431,726, which are hereby incorporated by reference in their entirety, having a storage modulus of between 3000 and 15000 Pa and the specific gravity less than 1000 kg/m Λ 3 in the temperature range between -20 and +90 °C, preferably its storage modulus is about 9000 Pa, being capable of balancing tyres by being able to flow under the vibrations caused by imbalance in a wheel assembly. The composition preferably comprises a mixture of: 1) paraffinic oils, polybutene oils, polyolesters or polyol ethers; 2) hydrophobic or hydrophilic fumed silica; 3) polyalkyl-methacrylates, styrene-ethylene-propylene block copolymers or polyhydroxycarboxylic acid derivatives; and optionally corrosion inhibitors and antioxidants.
The balancing substance 230, 231 may be one of the tyre balancing compositions disclosed in European patent no. 1 196 299 Bl and corresponding US publication nos US-2005-0159534-A1 and US-2010-0252174-A1, which are hereby incorporated by reference in their entirety, having improved balancing properties and comprise a visco-plastic gel and solid bodies having an average smallest dimension in the range of 0.5-5 mm; preferably 1-4 mm, more preferably around 3 mm. When applied in a layer to the inside of a motor vehicle tyre, the compositions act by allowing the solid bodies move through the gel and to concentrate in areas to counteract imbalances. The solid bodies preferably have an average ratio alpha between their smallest and their largest dimension of alpha < = 2, more preferably alpha < = 1.5, especially around 1. The visco-plastic gel preferably has a storage modulus (G') between 1000 Pa and 25000 Pa at 22 °C, a loss modulus (G") smaller than the storage modulus, and a critical yield stress above 3 Pa at 22 °C. The bodies may be shaped as prolate or oblate ellipsoids, cylinders, rectangular parallelepipeds, or spheres, or mixtures of such bodies; they may have an apparent specific gravity in the range of 500-3000 kg/m3, preferably 600-2000 kg/m3, in particular 700-1000 kg/m3, especially 800-
900 kg/m3; they may be made from polyolefins, polystyrene, polyvinyl chloride, polyamide, rubber or glass. The weight ratio between the solid bodies and the gel is from 10: 1 to 1 : 10, preferably from 5: 1 to 1 : 5, in particular from 2: 1 to 3 : 1, such as from 1 : 1 to 1 : 2.
The balancing substance 230, 231 may be one of the visco-elastic tyre balancing compositions disclosed in international patent application WO 2010/055097, which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety, comprising 1) 85 to 97 % by weight of a glycol ether component comprising one or more ethylene/propylene glycol copolymer ethers of the general formula (I) or the general (II) or mixtures thereof R-0 {[CH(C1-13)CH2-0-]m [CH2-CH2-0-]„}H (I) Ri-(0- {[CH(CHOCH2-0-]m [CH2-CH2-0-]n}H)2 (II) wherein R is hydrogen or an alkyl group of 2-8 carbon atoms; Ri is an alkylene moiety of 2-8 carbon atoms in which the two
substituents are not carried on the same carbon atom; m is the mole percentage of propylene glycol in the ethylene/propylene glycol copolymer moiety or moieties; and n is the mole percentage of ethylene glycol in the
ethylene/propylene glycol copolymer moiety or moieties, wherein the ratio n: m is in the range from 35:65 to 80: 20; each glycol copolymer compound having a number average molecular weight in the range of 2000-10000; and 2) 3 to 15 % by weight of a fumed silica gel former; said balancing compositions being visco- elastic and having a Storage Modulus (G') between 1500 Pa and 5000 Pa at 22 °C, a Loss Modulus (G") smaller than the Storage Modulus up to a Cross Over
Frequency of 10-40 Hz, and a Critical Yield Stress exceeding 2 Pa.
The balancing substance 230, 231 may be a composition for balancing a rotary system disclosed in international patent application no. WO 2011/042549, which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety, comprising an amount of a thixotropic balancing substance; characterized by an amount of hydrophobic particles or nanoparticles distributed in said amount of said thixotropic balancing substance.
The balancing substance 230, 231 may comprise a plurality of balls. The balls may comprise metal, such as steel, titanium, copper or aluminium, composite material, such as aluminium oxide or ceramics, or plastics. The balls may be polished or coated, for example polytetrafluoroethylene- (PTFE)- coated. The balls may have a diameter between approximately 1 mm and approximately 50 mm, for example approximately 15 mm.
Fig. 14 shows a cross-sectional view of a vehicle tyre 1000 comprising a known balancing system. The vehicle tyre 1000 comprises a circumferential tread surface 1100 defining a tread face on an outer surface, a first sidewall portion 1200 with a first shoulder portion and a first bead portion, and a second sidewall portion 1300 with a second shoulder portion and a second bead portion axially spaced from the first bead portion to form a toroidal shape and an annular hollow. The vehicle tyre 1000 further comprises an inner liner 1400 on an inner surface between the first sidewall portion 1200 and the second sidewall portion 1300. The vehicle tyre 1000 is rotatable around a rotational axis 2400. The vehicle tyre 1000 further comprises the known balancing system arranged between the first shoulder portion and the second shoulder portion, approximately in a centre area. The known balancing system comprises a toroidal rotational element 2000 providing an annular chamber 2100 with a circumferential balancing area 2200 and a balancing substance 2300 partially filling the chamber 2100 of the rotational element 2000.
Fig. 15 shows a cross-sectional axial view of a vehicle tyre 1000 comprising a balancing system according to an embodiment of the invention. Fig. 16 shows, along intersection line III-III in Fig. 15, a corresponding cross-sectional view of the vehicle tyre 1000 comprising the balancing system according to this
embodiment of the invention. The vehicle tyre 1000 comprises a circumferential tread surface 1100 defining a tread face on an outer surface, a first sidewall portion 1200 with a first shoulder portion and a first bead portion, and a second sidewall portion 1300 with a second shoulder portion and a second bead portion axially spaced from the first bead portion to form a toroidal shape and an annular hollow. The vehicle tyre 1000 is rotatable around a rotational axis 2400. The vehicle tyre 1000 may be a pneumatic tyre and comprise a pressurized gas or mixture of gases, for example atmospheric air (not shown). The vehicle tyre 1000 may be intended for a motorized vehicle, for example a car, bus, light truck, heavy truck or motorcycle, or an aircraft. The vehicle tyre 1000 further comprises the balancing system according to this embodiment of the invention arranged between the first shoulder portion and the second shoulder portion, approximately in a centre area. The balancing system comprises a rotational element 2000 providing an annular chamber 2100 with a circumferential balancing area 2200 and a balancing substance 2300 filling the chamber 2100 of the rotational element 2000. The chamber 2100 has a changeable cross section, and the changeable cross section is adapted in response to balancing of the vehicle tyre 1000, that is distribution of the balancing substance 2300 in the chamber 2100.
The rotational element 2000 may be a flexible rotational element, such as a tube, film, membrane or foil, made of elastic material, such as latex,
polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polyamide, rubber or synthetics. The rotational element 2000 may, for example, be blown, casted such as rotational casted, extruded, moulded or poured. Thus, the rotational element 2000, which is annular, may have a joint 2500, such as a seam, where ends of endless, configured material may be attached, for example glued, welded such as ultra-sound welded, or vulcanised such as chemically vulcanized or cold
vulcanised. Owing to flexibility of the flexible rotational element, an area of the changeable cross section at points around the flexible rotational element is variable, although a circumference of the cross section is constant, as will be discussed in more detail with reference to Fig. 20. However, as shown in Fig. 16, the area of the cross section may vary, for example, from a smaller rounded rectangular area housing a smaller amount of balancing substance to a larger round area housing a larger amount of balancing substance. Further, said rotational element 2000 may be a cover, for example a flexible cover, forming said cross section together with said rotary system 1000. For example, a band, for example a flat flexible rubber band, may be attached, for example glued, welded such as ultra-sound welded, or vulcanised such as chemically vulcanized or cold vulcanised to an inner liner of a vehicle tyre, or to a rim, along two circumferential fixing lines being spaced apart, such that the chamber 2100 is formed by the inner liner, or the rim, and the band, and the circumferential balancing area 2200 is formed on the inner liner.
The circumferential balancing area 2200 may comprise a nanostructure for improving movability and flow of the balancing substance 2300, said
nanostructure being, for example, formed by a material, such as a varnish, comprising nanoparticles, or imprinted on said circumferential balancing area 2200.
The balancing substance 2300 operating in the chamber 2100 may be a
thixotropic balancing substance. Owing to vibration, the thixotropic balancing substance liquefies and distributes itself along the circumferential balancing area 2200, such that a CofG moves towards the rotational axis 2400, that is CofR, of the vehicle tyre 1000, and the vibration is reduced or minimized or eliminated. Without vibration, the thixotropic balancing substance solidifies again and maintains its position. An amount of the balancing substance 2300 may be inserted into the rotational element 2000 during extrusion or before the ends are attached to each other. The amount of the balancing substance 2300 may also be inserted, for example injected, into the rotational element 2000 through an opening (not shown), such as a hole, or a valve, located, for example, on an inner side of the rotational element 2000, preferably opposite to the circumferential balancing area 2200. The opening (not shown) may be self-sealing, vulcanised, or closed with a seal 2600 attached, for example glued or vulcanised, to the rotational element 2000. The amount of the balancing substance 2300 may already be inserted while the rotational element 2000 is formed and produced. The amount of the balancing substance 2300 may preferably be initially approximately uniformly distributed in the rotational element 2000, for example by running the rotational element 2000 comprising the balancing substance 2300 filling the chamber 2100 through a rolling press.
The balancing system may be attached, for example glued or vulcanised, to the rotary system, for example the vehicle tyre 1000. For example, the balancing system may be glued to the vehicle tyre 1000 using an amount of glue 3000. As shown in Figs 2 and 3, the amount of glue 3000 may be distributed along the circumference of the rotational element 2000.
Fig. 17 shows a cross-sectional view of the vehicle tyre 1000 comprising a balancing system according to a modified embodiment of the invention. The balancing system according to the modified embodiment of the invention comprises a first rotational element 2000 comprising a first amount of balancing substance 2300 and arranged between the first shoulder portion and the second shoulder portion, closer, preferably next, to the first shoulder portion, and a second rotational element 201 comprising a second amount of the balancing substance 2310 and arranged between the first shoulder portion and the second shoulder portion, closer, preferably next, to the second shoulder portion. The second rotational element 201 may be processed similarly or identically to, and preferably simultaneously with, the first rotational element 2000. Owing to flexibility of the flexible rotational elements, areas of the changeable cross sections at points along the flexible rotational elements are variable, although circumferences of the cross sections are constant, as will be discussed in more detail with reference to Fig. 20. However, as shown in Fig. 17, the areas of the cross sections may vary, for example, from a smaller rounded rectangular area housing a smaller amount of balancing substance to a larger round area housing a larger amount of balancing substance. As the first rotational element 2000 and the second rotational element 201 are separate and spaced apart, and operate independently, the balancing system according to the modified embodiment of the invention may reduce vibrations owing to significant geometrical abnormality, such as axial run-out or radial run-out and / or significant variations in axial, radial or tangential stiffness. Thus, according to embodiments of the invention, one, two, three or more rotational elements 2000, 201 of the balancing system comprise one, two, three or more chambers 2100 having a fulcrum on a rotational axis 2400, comprising a circumferential balancing area 2200, 2210 and being filled with an amount of a balancing substance 2300, 2310.
Fig. 18 shows a cross-sectional axial view of a balancing system according to another embodiment of the invention. Fig. 19 shows, along intersection line VI-VI in Fig. 18, a corresponding cross-sectional view of the balancing system according to this other embodiment of the invention. The balancing system comprises a rotational element 2000 and a movable element 2050 arranged in the rotational element 2000. The rotational element 2000 and the movable element 2050 provide an annular chamber 2100 with a circumferential balancing area 2200 towards the rotational element 2000. The balancing system further comprises a balancing substance 2300 filling the chamber 2100. The chamber 2100 has a changeable cross section, and the changeable cross section is adapted in response to balancing of a rotary system (not shown) to be balanced, that is distribution of the balancing substance 2300 in the chamber 2100.
The rotational element 2000 and the movable element 2050 may be rigid elements, and may comprise metal, for example steel, titanium, copper or aluminium, or composite material, for example glass-fibre-reinforced material or carbon-fibre-reinforced material, or synthetic material, for example plastics or plexiglas. The chamber 2100 may be caved into the rotational element 2000 such as a rotor or gear wheel. The chamber 2100 may be situated in a shaft, such as a hollow shaft or tubular shaft, and extend partially or fully, such as substantially fully, along the hollow shaft or tubular shaft. The movable element 2050 may be hollow, or solid as indicated in Fig. 19. The movable element 2050 may operate as balancing weight, preferably if it is solid. Owing to movability of the movable element 2050, an area of the changeable cross section at points around the rotational element 2000 is variable and a circumference of the cross section is variable, as will be discussed in more detail with reference to Fig. 21. However, as shown in Fig. 19, the area of the cross section may vary, for example, from a smaller rectangular area housing a smaller amount of balancing substance to a larger rectangular area housing a larger amount of balancing substance. The circumferential balancing area 2200 may comprise a nanostructure for improving movability and flow of the balancing substance 2300, said
nanostructure being, for example, formed by a material, such as a varnish, comprising nanoparticles, or imprinted on said circumferential balancing area 2200.
The balancing substance 2300 operating in the chamber 2100 may be a thixotropic balancing substance. Owing to vibration, the thixotropic balancing substance liquefies and distributes itself along the circumferential balancing area 2200, such that a CofG moves towards the rotational axis 2400, that is CofR, of the rotational system (not shown), and the vibration is reduced or minimized or eliminated. Without vibration, the thixotropic balancing substance solidifies again and maintains its position. An amount of the balancing substance 2300 may be inserted into the rotational element 2000 during extrusion. The amount of the balancing substance 2300 may also be inserted, for example injected, into the rotational element 2000 through an opening (not shown), such as a hole, or a valve. The opening (not shown) may be self-sealing, vulcanised, or closed with a seal (not shown) attached, for example glued or vulcanised, to the rotational element 2000. The movable element 2050 and / or the amount of the balancing substance 2300 may already be inserted while the rotational element 2000 is formed and produced. The amount of the balancing substance 2300 may preferably be initially approximately uniformly distributed in the rotational element 2000.
The balancing system may be attached, for example glued or vulcanised, to the rotational system (not shown). For example, the balancing system may be glued to the rotational system using an amount of glue. The amount of glue may be distributed along the circumference of the rotational element 2000.
Fig. 20 illustrates different configurations of an exemplary rotational element 2000 having a changeable cross section A with a constant circumference c. Ratio R(x) = Ax / Aioo relates a particular area (Ax) to a maximum area (Amax = Aioo) - As shown on the left-hand side for ratio R = 0 %, the cross section may be a
"rectangle" having a width of a0 = 0, a length of b0 = c0 / 2, and, consequently, a minimum area of A0 = 0. As shown on the right-hand side for ratio R = 100 %, the cross section may be a circle having a diameter of a ioo = ioo = Cioo / pi, and, consequently, a maximum area of Aioo = (aioo / 2)2 * pi = (Cioo / 2)2 / pi. While a circular cross section provides for the largest possible area for a given
circumference, other shapes, such as rectangular, rounded rectangular, square, semicircle-shaped, bell-shaped, elliptical or oval, may be employed. However, the area of the cross section may continuously vary from A0 to A10o- For example, as shown in the middle, the cross section may be a rounded rectangle having an area of A50 = (aioo / 2)2 * pi / 2 = (Cioo / 2)2 / (2*pi). While a rounded rectangular cross section is shown, other shapes, such as rectangular, square, semicircle- shaped, bell-shaped, elliptical or oval may be seen.
Fig. 21 illustrates different configurations of an exemplary rotational element 2000 having a changeable cross section A with a variable circumference c. Ratio R(x) = Αχ / Aioo relates a particular area (Ax) to a maximum area (Amax = Aioo)- As shown on the left-hand side for ratio R = 0 %, the cross section may be a
"rectangle" having a width of a0 = 0, a constant length of b0 = b50 = bioo, and, consequently, a circumference of Co = 2*bo = 2*bioo and a minimum area of A0 = 0. As shown in the middle for ratio R = 50 %, the cross section may be a rectangle having a width of a50 = aioo / 2, the constant length of b0 = b50 = bioo, and, consequently, a circumference of c50 = 2*(a50 +b50) = aioo + 2* bioo and an area of A50 = a5o * b5o = Aioo / 2. As shown on the right-hand side for ratio R = 100 %, the cross section may be a rectangle having a width of aioo, the constant length of bioo, and, consequently, a circumference of Cioo = 2*(aioo
+bioo) and an area of Aioo = a loo * bioo- While a rectangular cross section may be straight forward to implement, other shapes, such as rounded rectangular, square, semicircle-shaped, bell-shaped, elliptical or oval, may be employed.
However, the area of the cross section may continuously vary from A0 to Aioo- As already described, the rotary system 1000 may be a vehicle tyre. The rotary system 1000 may also be a vehicle wheel comprising a vehicle tyre and a rim, and the rotational element 2000, 2010 may be attached, for example glued, vulcanised or welded, on an inner side of the rim, an outer side of the rim, on the rim towards the vehicle tyre or on the rim towards the rotational axis 2400.
Moreover, the invention is applicable to any rotary system including rotary systems of, to name but a few, an aircraft, for example an aeroplane or a rotorcraft, such as a helicopter; an article processing machine, for example a washing machine, a wash dryer, or a laundry dryer such as a tumble dryer or spin dryer; an engine or motor system or a power transmission system of a motor vehicle such as a car; an engine, a powertrain or powerplant, or wheelset of rolling stock; a watercraft, for example a ship such as a cargo ship; a tool, for example a power tool or machine tool; a fan; or a power generator such as an electrical power generator.
In a test series, a vehicle tyre 1000 has been adapted according to the modified embodiment of the invention as shown in Fig. 17. The vehicle tyre 1000 is a make Dunlop (www.dunloptires.com), model Sp Sport Maxx GT, size 96/Y. The first rotational element 2000 and second rotational element 201 are bicycle tubes make Schwalbe (www.schwalbe.com), model 26" AV12 32/47-559/97, size 26 x 1,75 inch, having a wall thickness of about 0.9 mm. The glue 3000 is make RENIA GmbH (www.renia.com), type Colle de Cologne.
Fig. 22 shows exemplary representations of accelerations (a), that is an acceleration in pressing direction, in acceleration of gravity (g), that is
approximately 9.81 m/s2, of a vehicle tyre over time (t) in seconds (s) without any balancing system (#1), a vehicle tyre over time (t) in seconds (s) with metal weights (#2), and a modified vehicle tyre over time (t) in seconds with two supplemental rotational elements without balancing substance (#3). The representations derive from experimental data taken at a rate of about 1 1/s and cover periods of up to 240 s.
Indicated with #1 in Fig. 22, the tyre has been tested without any balancing system. From t = 0 s to about T = 30 s, the peripheral speed increases from 0 km/h to about 180 km/h, and the acceleration a increases and peaks to about 0.04 g and about 0.06 g. From about t = 30 s to about t = 150 s, the peripheral speed remains at this level, and the acceleration a remains at about 0.055 g. From about t = 150 s to about t = 210 s, the peripheral speed decreases to 0 km/h, and the acceleration a decreases, peaks to about 0.055 g and tails off. The peaks are caused by resonances of a test rig (not shown) during speeding up and speeding down.
Indicated with #2 in Fig. 22, the tyre has been balanced and tested with metal weights. From t = 0 s to about T = 30 s, the peripheral speed increases from 0 km/h to about 180 km/h, and the acceleration a increases and peaks to about 0.045 g and about 0.045 g. From about t = 30 s to about t = 150 s, the peripheral speed remains at this level, and the acceleration a remains at about 0.04 g. From about t = 150 s to about t = 210 s, the peripheral speed decreases to 0 km/h, and the acceleration a decreases, peaks to about 0.07 g, 0.045 g and 0.045 g and tails off. The peaks are caused by resonances of the test rig (not shown) during speeding up and speeding down.
Indicated with #3 in Fig. 22, the tyre has been modified with the two
supplemental rotational elements 2000, 2010 without balancing substance. From t = 0 s to about T = 30 s, the peripheral speed increases from 0 km/h to about 180 km/h, and the acceleration a increases and peaks to about 0.045 g and about 0.06 g. From about t = 30 s to about t = 200 s, the peripheral speed remains at this level, and the acceleration a remains at about 0.065 g. From about t = 200 s to about t = 240 s, the peripheral speed decreases to 0 km/h, and the
acceleration a decreases, peaks to about 0.15 g and 0.06 g and tails off. The peaks are caused by resonances of the test rig (not shown) during speeding up and speeding down.
A comparison #1 and #2 shows, that balancing tyre with metal weights decreases acceleration from 0.055 g to 0.04 g, and, thus, vibration as could be expected.
A comparison of #1 and #3 shows, that the tyre 1000 modified by adding the two supplemental rotational elements 2000, 2010 without balancing substance increases acceleration from 0.055 g to 0.065 g, and, thus, vibration, as could be expected.
Subsequently, each of the chambers 2100, 2110 has been filled through an opening (not shown) in the rotational elements 2000, 2010 with 150 g of a thixotropic balancing substance comprising 97 % by weight of a balancing substance in accordance with the composition number 6 in Table 1 of international patent application no. PCT/EP2009/065058, and 3 % by weight
polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) nanoparticles in accordance with international patent application no. PCT/EP2010/065125. The openings (not shown) have been closed with seals 2600 glued to the rotational elements 2000, 2010. However, the amounts of the balancing substance have not been uniformly distributed after filling.
Figs 23-27 show exemplary representations of accelerations of a vehicle tyre over time in five successive cycles with two supplemental rotational elements each of which comprising the amount of balancing substance. The representations derive from experimental data taken at a rate of about 1 1/s and cover periods of up to 360 s.
Fig. 23 shows an exemplary representation of accelerations of a vehicle tyre over time in a first cycle with two supplemental rotational elements each of which comprising the amount of the balancing substance (#4-1 (0.0-0.15)) in the same scale as in Fig. 22 as well as in another scale zoomed-out by factor four (#4-1 (0.0-0.6)).
Indicated with #4-1 (0.0-0.6) in Fig. 23 for the first cycle, the tyre has been tested with the two supplemental rotational elements 2000, 2010, each of which comprising the amount of the balancing substance 2300, 2310. From t = 0 s to about T = 30 s, the peripheral speed increases from 0 km/h to about 180 km/h, and the acceleration a increases and peaks to about 0.55 g. From about t = 30 s to about t = 330 s, the peripheral speed remains at this level, and the
acceleration a exponentially decays from about 0.58 g to about 0.12 g. From about t = 330 s to about t = 360 s, the peripheral speed decreases to 0 km/h, and the acceleration a decreases, peaks to about 0.08 g.
For convenience, #4-1 (0.0-0.15) shows the first cycle in Fig. 23 also in the same scale as in Fig. 22; however, accelerations above 0.15 g lie outside this
presentation.
The peaks are caused by resonances of a test rig (not shown) during speeding up and speeding down. The exponential decay is caused by rapid distribution of the amounts of the thixotropic balancing substance in the chambers.
Fig. 24 shows an exemplary representation of accelerations of the vehicle tyre over time in a second cycle with two supplemental rotational elements each of which comprising the amount of the balancing substance (#4-2) in the same scale as in Fig. 22.
In Fig. 24, #4-2 indicates the second cycle of the test of the tyre with the two supplemental rotational elements 2000, 2010, each of which comprising the amount of the balancing substance 2300, 2310. From t = 0 s to about T = 30 s, the peripheral speed increases from 0 km/h to about 180 km/h, and the acceleration a increases and peaks to about 0.09 g. From about t = 30 s to about t = 330 s, the peripheral speed remains at this level, and the acceleration a slightly decreases from about 0.11 g to about 0.105 g. From about t = 330 s to about t = 360 s, the peripheral speed decreases to 0 km/h, and the acceleration a decreases, peaks to about 0.07 g.
The peaks, which are smaller than before, are caused by resonances of a test rig (not shown) during speeding up and speeding down. The decrease is caused by further distribution of the amounts of the thixotropic balancing substance in the chambers.
Fig. 25 shows an exemplary representation of accelerations of the vehicle tyre over time in a third cycle with two supplemental rotational elements each of which comprising the amount of the balancing substance (#4-3) in the same scale as in Fig. 22.
In Fig. 25, #4-3 indicates the third cycle of the test of the tyre with the two supplemental rotational elements 2000, 2010, each of which comprising the amount of the balancing substance 2300, 2310. From t = 0 s to about T = 30 s, the peripheral speed increases from 0 km/h to about 180 km/h, and the acceleration a increases and peaks to about 0.07 g. From about t = 30 s to about t = 330 s, the peripheral speed remains at this level, and the acceleration a slightly increases from about 0.08 g and subsequently decreases to about 0.065 g. From about t = 330 s to about t = 360 s, the peripheral speed decreases to 0 km/h, and the acceleration a decreases, peaks to about 0.04 g.
The peaks, which are again smaller than before, are caused by resonances of a test rig (not shown) during speeding up and speeding down. The decrease is caused by further distribution of the amounts of the thixotropic balancing substance in the chambers. Fig. 26 shows an exemplary representation of accelerations of the vehicle tyre over time in a fourth cycle with two supplemental rotational elements each of which comprising the amount of the balancing substance (#4 4) in the same scale as in Fig. 22.
In Fig. 26, #4-4 indicates the fourth cycle of the test of the tyre with the two supplemental rotational elements 2000, 2010, each of which comprising the amount of the balancing substance 2300, 2310. From t = 0 s to about T = 30 s, the peripheral speed increases from 0 km/h to about 180 km/h, and the acceleration a increases and peaks to about 0.045 g. From about t = 30 s to about t = 330 s, the peripheral speed remains at this level, and the acceleration a slightly increases from about 0.045 g and subsequently decreases to about 0.03 g. From about t = 330 s to about t = 360 s, the peripheral speed decreases to 0 km/h, and the acceleration a decreases, peaks to about 0.04 g.
The peaks, which are again smaller than before, are caused by resonances of a test rig (not shown) during speeding up and speeding down. The decrease is caused by further distribution of the amounts of the thixotropic balancing substance in the chambers. Fig. 27 shows an exemplary representation of accelerations of the vehicle tyre over time in a fifth cycle with two supplemental rotational elements each of which comprising the amount of the balancing substance (#4-5) in the same scale as in Fig. 22.
In Fig. 27, #4-5 indicates the fifth cycle of the test of the tyre with the two supplemental rotational elements 2000, 2010, each of which comprising the amount of the balancing substance 2300, 2310. From t = 0 s to about T = 30 s, the peripheral speed increases from 0 km/h to about 180 km/h, and the acceleration a increases and peaks to about 0.045 g. From about t = 30 s to about t = 330 s, the peripheral speed remains at this level, and the acceleration a further decreases from about 0.023 g to a minimum of about 0.01 at about 120 s and subsequently increases to about 0.03 g. From about t = 330 s to about t = 360 s, the peripheral speed decreases to 0 km/h, and the acceleration a decreases, peaks to about 0.06 g.
Again, the peaks are caused by resonances of a test rig (not shown) during speeding up and speeding down. The decrease is caused by further distribution of the amounts of the thixotropic balancing substance in the chambers. At the minimum, the amounts of the thixotropic balancing substance have distributes within the rotational elements such that the vibration the vibration is reduced or minimized. However, the subsequent increase has been caused by a seal 2600 accidently detaching from the rotational element 2000, and the balancing substance uncontrollably leaking into the tyre 1000.
Further, a comparison of Figs 22 and 27 shows, that a balancing system according to an embodiment of the invention substantially reduces, compared to a vehicle tyre balanced with metal weights, vibration in the vehicle tyre with two supplemental rotational elements each of which comprising the amount of the balancing substance from about 0.04 g to about 0.01 g, that is a relative decrease of 75 %.
The balancing substance 2300, 2310 may be a thixotropic tyre balancing composition disclosed in EP patent application no. 0 281 252 and corresponding US patent no. 4,867,792, which are hereby incorporated by reference in their entirety, having a yield stress value between 1 Pa and 260 Pa being capable of balancing tyres by being able to flow under the influence of the vibrations induced when a heavy spot on the tyre hits the road surface.
The balancing substance 2300, 2310 may be a tyre gel balancing composition disclosed in European patent no. 0 557 365 and US corresponding patent no. 5,431,726, which are hereby incorporated by reference in their entirety, having a storage modulus of between 3000 and 15000 Pa and the specific gravity less than 1000 kg/m^ in the temperature range between -20 and +90 °C, preferably its storage modulus is about 9000 Pa, being capable of balancing tyres by being able to flow under the vibrations caused by imbalance in a wheel assembly. The composition preferably comprises a mixture of: 1) paraffinic oils, polybutene oils, polyolesters or polyol ethers; 2) hydrophobic or hydrophilic fumed silica; 3) polyalkyl-methacrylates, styrene-ethylene-propylene block copolymers or polyhydroxycarboxylic acid derivatives;and optionally corrosion inhibitors and antioxidants.
The balancing substance 2300, 2310 may be one of the tyre balancing
compositions disclosed in European patent no. 1 196 299 Bl and corresponding US publication nos US 2005-0159534 Al and US 2010-0252174 Al, which are hereby incorporated by reference in their entirety, having improved balancing properties and comprise a visco-plastic gel and solid bodies having an average smallest dimension in the range of 0.5-5 mm; preferably 1-4 mm, more preferably around 3 mm. When applied in a layer to the inside of a motor vehicle tyre, the compositions act by allowing the solid bodies move through the gel and to concentrate in areas to counteract imbalances. The solid bodies preferably have an average ratio alpha between their smallest and their largest dimension of alpha < = 2, more preferably alpha < = 1.5, especially around 1. The visco-plastic gel preferably has a storage modulus (G') between 1000 Pa and 25000 Pa at 22 °C, a loss modulus (G") smaller than the storage modulus, and a critical yield stress above 3 Pa at 22 °C. The bodies may be shaped as prolate or oblate ellipsoids, cylinders, rectangular parallelepipeds, or spheres, or mixtures of such bodies; they may have an apparent specific gravity in the range of 500-3000 kg/m3, preferably 600-2000 kg/m3, in particular 700-1000 kg/m3, especially 800-900 kg/m3; they may be made from polyolefins, polystyrene, polyvinyl chloride, polyamide, rubber or glass. The weight ratio between the solid bodies and the gel is from 10 : 1 to 1 : 10, preferably from 5 : 1 to 1 : 5, in particular from 2: 1 to 3 : 1, such as from 1 : 1 to 1 : 2.
The balancing substance 2300, 2310 may be one of the visco-elastic tyre balancing compositions disclosed in international patent application WO
2010/055097, which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety,
comprising 1) 85 to 97 % by weight of a glycol ether component comprising one or more ethylene/propylene glycol copolymer ethers of the general formula (I) or the general (II) or mixtures thereof R-0 {[CH(Ci-i3)CH2-0-]m [CH2-CH2-0-]„}H (I) Rl-(0- {[CH(CHOCH2-0-]m [CH2-CH2-0-]n}H)2 (II) wherein R is hydrogen or an alkyl group of 2-8 carbon atoms; Ri is an alkylene moiety of 2-8 carbon atoms in which the two substituents are not carried on the same carbon atom; m is the mole percentage of propylene glycol in the ethylene/propylene glycol copolymer moiety or moieties; and n is the mole percentage of ethylene glycol in the ethylene/propylene glycol copolymer moiety or moieties, wherein the ratio n : m is in the range from 35 : 65 to 80 : 20; each glycol copolymer compound having a number average molecular weight in the range of 2000-10000; and 2) 3 to 15 % by weight of a fumed silica gel former; said balancing compositions being visco- elastic and having a Storage Modulus (G') between 1500 Pa and 5000 Pa at 22 °C, a Loss Modulus (G") smaller than the Storage Modulus up to a Cross Over
Frequency of 10-40 Hz, and a Critical Yield Stress exceeding 2 Pa.
The balancing substance 2300, 2310 may be a composition for balancing a rotary system disclosed in international patent application no. WO 2011/042549, which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety, comprising an amount of a thixotropic balancing substance; characterized by an amount of hydrophobic particles or nanoparticles distributed in said amount of said thixotropic balancing substance.
The balancing substance 2300, 2310 may comprise a plurality of balls. The balls may comprise metal, such as steel, titanium, copper or aluminium, composite material, such as aluminium oxide or ceramics, or plastics. The balls may be polished or coated, for example polytetrafluoroethylene- (PTFE) coated. The balls may have a diameter between approximately 1 mm and approximately 50 mm, for example approximately 15 mm.
Figure 28 schematically illustrates an adapter 3001 and a rim 3100. The adapter 3001 is to be attached to the rim 3100. The adaptor 3100 comprises a ring part 3150 and an attachment part 3200. The ring part 3150 is annular and abuts the rim 3100. The ring part 3150 is hollow forming a chamber. The chamber is devoid of obstacles so that the balancing substance may flow freely in the chamber.
When in use the chamber comprises a balancing substance. The balancing substance is preferably a balancing gel as discussed above. The balancing substance is preferably a thixotropic gel as discussed elsewhere in the present specification. The rim 300 is rotatable around a rotational axis, not illustrated here. As mentioned above a centre of rotation and centre of gravity not being aligned will cause the rim and tyre assembly to wobble or vibrate as the system of the rim and tyre is then unbalanced.
The tyre for being mounted on the rim 3100 may be a pneumatic tyre and comprise a pressurized gas or mixture of gases, for example atmospheric air (not shown). The tyre may be intended for a motorized vehicle, for example a car, bus, light truck, heavy truck or motorcycle, or an aircraft.
The attachment part 3200 comprises a part 3250 for abutting the rim 3100 wherein a number of openings or aperture for allowing bolts or screws to attach the assembled adaptor 3001 and rim 3100 to the vehicle. The assembly may be used in connection with cars, trucks, lorries, vans or the like as mentioned above. The adaptor 3001 is used for reducing imbalances in the rim 3100 and tyre assembly. As discussed earlier this reduces wear on not only the tyre but also the connecting elements i.e. the axles and possibly the engine, as vibrations originating from wobbling and vibrations of the tyre propagates from the wheel, through the axle and further into the vehicle.
The ring part 3150 has a circular cross-section. The ring part 3150 has a constant radius. The amount of balancing gel needed depends on the size and weight of the rim 3100 and tyre assembly. The amount of balancing gel needed may be decided using a balancing machine or may be determined based on the type of the tyre and rim assembly or a feature of the tyre. In some embodiments the ring part 3150 has an opening for adding or removing part or all of the balancing gel. In some embodiments the ring part 3150 is sealed so that the amount of balancing gel is substantially constant and isolated from the surroundings.
The adaptor 3001 is placed at the side of the rim facing away from the vehicle when the adaptor and rim are mounted on the vehicle.
Fig. 29 illustrates an adaptor 3300 mounted at a rim. The adaptor 3300 includes a hook 3350 adapted for engaging an opening part of the rim. The hook 3350 is attached using screws. The adaptor 3300 includes a number of hooks. The number of hooks may be chosen based on the size of the adaptor 3300. A larger adaptor, for a truck or lorry, may need more hooks compared to an adaptor for a passenger car having a relative smaller rim.
Fig. 30 is a zoomed view of a part of the adaptor 3300 of Fig. 29 where the hook 3350 is seen connected to the rim.
Fig. 31 illustrates an adaptor 3400. The adaptor 3400 has a full surface contact part 3410 for establishing a firm contact between the adaptor 3400 and a rim, not illustrated. The adaptor 3400 has a chamber or ring part 3450 similar to that of the adaptor of Fig. 29. A number of bolts fix the adaptor 3400 to a rim at the side facing away from the vehicle when attached properly.
The adaptor 3400 may be made from steel or high alloy steel and fitted to a steel rim or aluminium rim. In some embodiments the adaptor 3400 may be made from plain steel, painted or chromated, stainless steel, aluminium or plastic.
In general the adaptors illustrated here may be attached to a rim by using bolts. In some embodiments however the adaptor may be welded to rim, being either from steel or aluminium.
Figs. 32 and 33 illustrate an adaptor 3500. In Fig. 32 a front-view of illustrated. In Fig. 33 an isometric-view is illustrated. The adaptor 3500 comprises an annular chamber 3510 similar to that illustrated in Fig. 29.
Adaptor 3500 has two openings 3510 arranged near the centre of the adaptor 3500, and two further openings 3520 arranged at a greater distance from the centre. These openings 3510 and 3520 provide cooling of the rim as they allow air to pass through. Further, the openings 3510 and 3520 provide stiffness to the adaptor 3500 compared to an entirely closed adaptor.
Fig. 34 illustrates an adaptor 3600. The adaptor 3600 comprises a ring-shaped part 3610. Five attachment members 3620 extend from the ring-shaped part 3610 towards the centre of the adaptor 3600. The attachment members are tab- shaped. The attachment members 3620 are to be attached to the rim via a set of rim bolts. The attachment members 3620 ensure that the adaptor 3600 is secularly fastened together with a rim to the vehicle. Further a relatively large part of the rim to which the adaptor 3600 is attached will be exposable to air flow which will help cool the rim and brakes of the vehicle. In fig. 35 it is shown that the attachment members 3620 are connected at one side of the ring-shaped part 3610, have a bend so that they may be brought into contact with the rim and allow the ring-shaped part 3610 to bear against the rim.
Fig. 36 illustrates the adaptor 3600 being mounted on a rim 3630.
Fig. 37 illustrates an adaptor 3700 having ten attachment members 3710 and is of a type similar to that illustrated in Figs. 34-36. The number of attachment members in an embodiment depends on the type of rim to which the adaptor is to be attached.
Fig. 38 illustrates a bolt protection cover integrated with an adaptor 3800. The adaptor has a ring-shaped part 3810 having an annular chamber being at least partly filled with a balancing substance.
Four bolt attachment parts 3820 extends from a surface 3830. When mounting the bolt protection cover bolts are passed though openings 3840, extending through the bolt attachment parts 3820 and the rim so as to attach the bolt protection cover integrated with an adaptor 3800 and the rim to the vehicle.
Fig. 40 illustrates the back side of the bolt protection cover integrated with an adaptor 3800. In this view the bolt attachment parts 3820 can be seen extending from the surface 3830.
Fig. 41 illustrates a cross-sectional view of a chamber 3900. The chamber 3900 is partly filled with a balancing substance 3910. An adaptor having such a chamber 3900 may be more suitable for some rim geometries. It allows such an adaptor to bear against a larger surface than a ring-shaped adaptor. The ring-shaped adaptor, such as the adaptor in Fig. 39, may be received within a protruding part of a rim, but for some geometry of rims, this is not possible.
Fig. 41 and 42 illustrates a bolt protection cover integrated with an adaptor having a geometry such as that illustrated in Fig. 40.
In other embodiments the adaptor may have a chamber not forming a circular, or continuous, chamber. The chamber may be U-shaped or C-shaped. The chamber is then closed at either ends, by a cover which is glued or welded on. Thus, the adaptor may have a chamber covering 100% to 75%, or 90% to 50% or 80% to 45%, or 75% to 25% or 50% to 15% of the circumference of the rim at the distance from the centre of rotation where the chamber is located. Multiple adaptors may be used for covering the circumference of the rim.
The above discussed adaptors may be used in a method for reducing vibration in a rotary system. The method may comprise providing a wheel rim having a circumference, an adaptor element including a chamber having a cross section and being filled with an amount of a balancing substance, said wheel rim and said chamber having a rotational axis, the method comprising attaching said wheel rim and said adaptor to a vehicle.
A rim for a vehicle may be provided, wherein the rim has a chamber, the chamber may be partly filled with a balancing substance which distributes itself during rotation of the rim. The rim may have more than one chamber, each chamber being filled to some degree with a balancing substance. The multiple chambers need not have the same exact amount of balancing substance. The balancing substance may be a thixotropic substance as discussed above.
Such a rim is illustrated in Fig. 44 where a cross-section of a part of the rim is shown. Here a hollow space allows an amount of balancing substance to be located inside the rim, i.e. in the hollow space. This ensures that an amount of balancing substance is present to compensate for changes in balance of the rim and tyre assembly. Embodiments of the inventions comprise a corresponding apparatus that may carry out the method.
Embodiments of the inventions comprise a corresponding system that may carry out the method, possibly across a number of devices. Although specific embodiments have been illustrated and described herein, it will be appreciated by those of ordinary skill in the art, that any arrangement which is calculated to achieve the same purpose may be substituted for the specific embodiments shown. It is to be understood, that the above description is intended to be illustrative and not restrictive. This application is intended to cover any adaptations or variations of the invention. Combinations of the above embodiments and many other embodiments will be apparent to those of skill in the art upon reading and understanding the above description. The scope of the invention includes any other embodiments and applications in which the above structures and methods may be used. The scope of the invention is, therefore, defined only by the appended claims, along with the full scope of equivalents to which such claims are entitled.
The present invention may be further characterised by the following points:
1. A method of reducing vibration in a rotary system (100), comprising :
- providing a rotational element (200, 201) comprising a chamber (210, 211) comprising a circumferential balancing area (220, 221), having a cross section and being filled with an amount of a balancing substance (230, 231), said rotational element (200, 201) and said chamber (210, 211) having a rotational axis (240),
- balancing said rotary system (100),
characterized in that
said cross section is a changeable cross section, and
said cross section is adapted in response to said balancing.
2. The method of point 1, further comprising :
- rotating said rotational element (200, 201) about said rotational axis (240), such that said balancing substance (230, 231) distributes itself along the circumferential balancing area (220, 221) and adapts said cross section, and an imbalance of said rotational system (100) is reduced.
3. The method of point 1 or 2, further comprising :
- attaching said rotational element (200, 201) to said rotary system (100). 4. The method of point 3, wherein:
attaching said rotational element (200, 201) comprises affixing, gluing or bracing said rotational element (200, 201) to said rotary system (100).
5. The method of point 3 or 4, wherein :
said rotary system (100) is a vehicle tyre or a vehicle wheel comprising said vehicle tyre and a rim; and
attaching said rotational element (200, 201) comprises:
inserting said rotational element (200, 201) into said tyre,
- attaching said rotational element (200, 201) to said rim, wherein said rotational element (200, 201) may be attached on an inner side of said rim, an outer side of said rim, on said rim towards said vehicle tyre or on said rim towards said rotational axis (240), or
a combination thereof.
6. The method of point 1 or 2, wherein :
said rotational element (200, 201) is an original element of said rotary system (100), a replacement element of said rotary system (100), or a supplemental element to said rotary system (100);
said rotational element (200, 201) is a hollow shaft or tubular shaft;
- said rotational element (200, 201) is an articulated shaft, for example a cardan shaft;
said rotational element (200, 201) is flexible;
said rotational element (200, 201) is ductile;
said rotational element (200, 201) is a tube, for example a flexible tube; - said rotational element (200, 201) is a cover, for example a flexible cover, forming said cross section together with said rotary system (100); or
a combination thereof. 7. The method of point 1 or 2, wherein :
said chamber (210, 211) is annular or ring-shaped, or cylindrical;
said chamber (210, 211) is closed or sealed;
said chamber (210, 211) has a diameter of between 0.005 m and 2 m, or between 0.01 m and 1 m, or between 0.02 m and 0.5 m, or between 0.05 m and 0.2 m, or 0.1 m;
said chamber (200, 211) has a length of between 0.001 m and 10 m, or 0.002 m and 5 m, or 0.005 m and 2 m, or between 0.01 m and 1 m, or between 0.02 m and 0.5 m, or between 0.05 m and 0.2 m, or 0.1 m;
- said cross section is rectangular, for example rounded rectangular, square, semicircle-shaped, bell-shaped, circular, elliptical or oval;
said cross section has a circumference, said circumference having a constant length or a variable length; or
a combination thereof.
8. The method of point 1 or 2, wherein :
said amount of said balancing substance (230, 231) is between 0.001 kg and 1000 kg, or between 0.002 kg and 500 kg, or between 0.005 kg and 200 kg, or between 0.01 kg and 100 kg, or between 0.02 kg and 50 kg, or between 0.05 kg and 20 kg, or between 0.1 kg and 10 kg, or between 0.2 kg and 5 kg, or between 0.5 kg and 2 kg, or 1 kg.
9. The method of point 1 or 2, wherein :
said balancing substance (230, 231) is a thixotropic balancing substance.
10. An apparatus for reducing vibration in a rotary system (100), comprising : a rotational element (200, 201) comprising a chamber (210, 211) comprising a circumferential balancing area (220, 221), having a cross section and being filled with an amount of a balancing substance (230, 231), said rotational element (200, 201) and said chamber (210, 211) having a rotational axis (240),
characterized in that
- said cross section is a changeable cross section, and said cross section is adaptable in response to balancing said rotary system
(100).
11. A balancing system for reducing vibration in a rotary system (100), comprising :
- a rotational element (200, 201) comprising a chamber (210, 211) comprising a circumferential balancing area (220, 221), having a cross section and being filled with an amount of a balancing substance (230, 231), said rotational element (200, 201) and said chamber (210, 211) having a rotational axis (240),
characterized in that
said cross section is a changeable cross section, and
said cross section is adaptable in response to balancing said rotary system
(100).

Claims

Claims
1. A method of reducing vibration in a rotary system (100), comprising :
providing a rotational element (200, 201) comprising a chamber (210, 211) comprising a circumferential balancing area (220, 221), having a cross section and being filled with an amount of a balancing substance (230, 231), said rotational element (200, 201) and said chamber (210, 211) having a rotational axis (240),
balancing said rotary system (100),
characterized by
- providing said rotational element (200, 201) with a mounting
element (270) for mounting said rotational element (200, 201) to said rotary system (100).
2. The method of claim 1, further comprising :
- rotating said rotational element (200, 201) about said rotational axis (240), such that said balancing substance (230, 231) distributes itself along the circumferential balancing area (220, 221), and an imbalance of said rotational system (100) is reduced.
3. The method of claim 1 or 2, further comprising :
attaching said mounting element (270) to said rotary system (100).
4. The method of claim 3, wherein:
attaching said mounting element (270) comprises affixing, gluing or bracing said mounting element (270) to said rotary system (100).
5. The method of claim 3 or 4, wherein :
said rotary system (100) is a vehicle tyre or a vehicle wheel comprising said vehicle tyre and a rim; and
- attaching said mounting element (270) comprises:
inserting said rotational element (200, 201) and said mounting element (270) into said tyre,
attaching said mounting element (270) to said rim, wherein said mounting element (270) may be attached on an inner side of said rim, an outer side of said rim, on said rim towards said vehicle tyre or on said rim towards said rotational axis (240), or
a combination thereof.
6. The method of claim 1 or 2, wherein :
said rotational element (200, 201) is an original element of said rotary system (100), a replacement element of said rotary system (100), or a supplemental element to said rotary system (100).
7. The method of claim 1 or 2, wherein :
said balancing substance (230, 231) is a thixotropic balancing substance.
8. The method of claim 1 or 2, wherein :
said mounting element (270) is an original element of said rotary system (100), a replacement element of said rotary system (100), or a supplemental element to said rotary system (100);
said mounting element (270) is flexible;
said mounting element (270) is ductile;
said mounting element (270) is elastic;
- said mounting element (270) is resilient;
said mounting element (270) is inflatable;
said mounting element (270) is compressible;
said mounting element (270) is a meshwork, for example a mesh;
said mounting element (270) is a tube, for example a flexible tube;
- said mounting element (270) slabstock foam, for example a flexible slabstock foam; or
a combination thereof.
9. The method of claim 1 or 2, wherein :
- said mounting element (270) is provided in said chamber (210, 211).
10. The method of claim 1 or 2, wherein :
said rotational element (200, 201) and said mounting element (270) are integrally formed, for example blown, casted such as rotational casted, extruded, moulded or poured.
11. An apparatus for reducing vibration in a rotary system (100), comprising : a rotational element (200, 201) comprising a chamber (210, 211) comprising a circumferential balancing area (220, 221), having a cross section and being filled with an amount of a balancing substance (230, 231), said rotational element (200, 201) and said chamber (210, 211) having a rotational axis (240),
characterized by
a mounting element (270) provided to said rotational element (200, 201) for mounting said rotational element (200, 201) to said rotary system (100).
12. A balancing system for reducing vibration in a rotary system (100), comprising :
a rotational element (200, 201) comprising a chamber (210, 211) comprising a circumferential balancing area (220, 221), having a cross section and being filled with an amount of a balancing substance (230, 231), said rotational element (200, 201) and said chamber (210, 211) having a rotational axis (240),
characterized by
a mounting element (270) provided to said rotational element (200, 201) for mounting said rotational element (200, 201) to said rotary system (100).
13. A method of reducing vibration in a rotary system, the method comprises: providing a vehicle wheel assembly having a circumference,
providing an adaptor element including a chamber being filled with an amount of a balancing substance, said wheel rim and said chamber having a rotational axis, and
attaching said wheel rim and said adaptor to a vehicle.
14. The method according to claim 13, wherein said chamber is filled with the balancing substance in the interval 10% to 90%, such as 20% to 80%, such as 30% to 70%.
15. The method according to claim 13 or 14, further comprising rotating said adaptor element such that said balancing substance distributes itself inside said chamber and an imbalance of said vehicle wheel assembly is reduced.
16. A rim for a vehicle, wherein the rim has a chamber, the chamber is partly filled with a balancing substance which distributes itself during rotation of the rim so as to reduce imbalances in a tyre attached to the rim
17. The rim according to claim 16, wherein the balancing substance is a thixotropic substance.
18. The rim according to claim 16 or 17 wherein the chamber is continuous along the circumference of the rim.
19. The rim according to claim 16 or 17 wherein the chamber extends partly along the circumference of the rim.
20. The rim according to claim 16, wherein the rim comprises several chambers for holding balancing substance.
PCT/EP2012/075287 2011-12-12 2012-12-12 Method, apparatus and system for reducing vibration in a rotary system WO2013087722A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (8)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US201161569415P 2011-12-12 2011-12-12
US201161569586P 2011-12-12 2011-12-12
EP11193007.9 2011-12-12
EP11193046.7 2011-12-12
EP11193007.9A EP2604885A1 (en) 2011-12-12 2011-12-12 Method, apparatus and system for reducing vibration in a rotary system
EP11193046 2011-12-12
US61/569,415 2011-12-12
US61/569,586 2011-12-12

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