WO2013083863A1 - Floating platform for harnessing tidal energy - Google Patents

Floating platform for harnessing tidal energy Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2013083863A1
WO2013083863A1 PCT/ES2012/000309 ES2012000309W WO2013083863A1 WO 2013083863 A1 WO2013083863 A1 WO 2013083863A1 ES 2012000309 W ES2012000309 W ES 2012000309W WO 2013083863 A1 WO2013083863 A1 WO 2013083863A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
platform
buoy
mareomotriz
floating platform
energy
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/ES2012/000309
Other languages
Spanish (es)
French (fr)
Other versions
WO2013083863A4 (en
Inventor
Antonio LOZANO PEREZ
Original Assignee
Lozano Perez Antonio
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from ES201101343A external-priority patent/ES2432419B1/en
Priority claimed from ES201201231A external-priority patent/ES2472565B1/en
Application filed by Lozano Perez Antonio filed Critical Lozano Perez Antonio
Publication of WO2013083863A1 publication Critical patent/WO2013083863A1/en
Publication of WO2013083863A4 publication Critical patent/WO2013083863A4/en

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03B—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS
    • F03B13/00—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates
    • F03B13/12—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy
    • F03B13/14—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using wave energy
    • F03B13/16—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using wave energy using the relative movement between a wave-operated member, i.e. a "wom" and another member, i.e. a reaction member or "rem"
    • F03B13/20—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using wave energy using the relative movement between a wave-operated member, i.e. a "wom" and another member, i.e. a reaction member or "rem" wherein both members, i.e. wom and rem are movable relative to the sea bed or shore
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03B—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS
    • F03B13/00—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates
    • F03B13/12—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy
    • F03B13/14—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using wave energy
    • F03B13/24—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using wave energy to produce a flow of air, e.g. to drive an air turbine
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/30—Energy from the sea, e.g. using wave energy or salinity gradient

Definitions

  • the present invention refers to a marine platform, which is equipped with a mechanism for harnessing the energy obtained from the movement of waves and tides and converting it. in electricity
  • This platform in conjunction with the mechanism provided, manages to take advantage of the kinetic energy of the waves and the tides with a yield substantially greater than the methods currently used, this being possible thanks to its ability to obtain energy from two differentiated sources, which to date they were used by different devices.
  • the platform has along its outer perimeter a series of arms equipped with buoys at its ends which have been arranged in such a way that the movement of the water surface is transmitted along said arms until activated a battery of compressors where a fluid is compressed which will then be used to generate energy by means of a turbine or similar element.
  • the present invention will have application within the sector of the industry used in renewable energies, especially in the electric power production from these. Applications will also be found within the maritime sector, as an additional means of obtaining energy. BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
  • the pump being formed by two coaxial tubes sliding one inside the other, the interior acting as a piston attached to a surface buoy that transmits the movement, while the external one will be anchored to the bottom and held vertically by floats housed in its upper end, so that the movement of the waves acts said pump for the movement of the plant.
  • This invention suffers from the limitation that pressure is only developed in the pistons according to the buoyancy of the buoy, generating energy in the raising thereof.
  • the weight of the latter is not maximized to take advantage of the downward movements of the waves.
  • Device for a wave energy device based on a buoy. Torger Tveter; 10/151992). It is a device formed by a buoy that is connected to a piston which in turn is anchored to the seabed. Said piston has water inlet and outlet valves that allow its impulsion taking advantage of the up and down movement transmitted to the buoy by waves and tides. This device works associated with one or several docks where the driven water accumulates, reserving the stored energy to be used in times of low production.
  • the invention object of the present report shows similarities with that mentioned in the fact of using one or several cylinders with their respective pistons and the associated valves.
  • the performance obtained with this device will be much lower because it only uses a conduit for the transport of water, making it necessary to wait for each tidal cycle to regulate the flow of water transport and, therefore, the amount of energy to be produced .
  • EN 2216571 Floating apparatus and procedure for extracting energy from sea waves. (Ocean Power Delivery Limited, 09/24/1998).
  • each pair of adjacent structural elements are connected to each other by means of a coupling element so as to allow relative rotational movement between them, by virtue of which each of said couplings includes a element adapted to extract energy from the relative rotational movement of said structural elements.
  • each of said couplings includes a element adapted to extract energy from the relative rotational movement of said structural elements.
  • it comprises means for applying a rolling tilt angle to the axis of relative rotation of each coupling, as well as means for applying a variable restriction to the relative rotation of each pair of adjacent structural elements.
  • This invention presents the problem of having a linear efficiency on a somewhat limited undulation, thus not providing too high performance to the energy extraction operation.
  • a wave unit and the use of a wave unit for the production of electrical energy, a method for generating electrical energy and a system of components for manufacturing a linear generator for a wave unit. (Seabased AB, 10/01/2002).
  • the wave unit comprises a floating body and a linear electric generator whose rotor is connected to said floating body and whose stator is anchored to the seabed and has the particularity of having a winding that forms a series of poles in the direction of rotor movement .
  • the relative movement between the parts of the electric generator in combination with the generated magnetic fields will cause the obtaining of electrical energy that will be diverted for consumption.
  • the differences with the invention that are recommended herein are notable, highlighting as main the fact that the floating platform does not need the installation of machinery on the seabed, in addition to harnessing the energy contained in the waves to a greater extent than the device indicated here.
  • the floating platform for harnessing tidal energy that is recommended is formed from a platform that will be the structural base of the whole complex. Starting from a rectangular base, although the use of any other type of geometry would not alter the fundamental principle of operation, whose buoyancy is duly guaranteed, a multiplicity of devices responsible for obtaining energy from the movement of energy will be available on its perimeter The surface of the water.
  • the platform will be conveniently anchored to the seabed by any suitable system such as braces or pillars.
  • the activation of the devices for obtaining energy will be entrusted to the movement of buoys mechanically connected to them by means of arms, articulated or not, and crankshafts. Fixed to the wall of the One or more bearings will be available on the platform that will serve as a support point for the rotation of each crankshaft. By means of said turning movement, a set of connecting rods and pistons will be activated, which will compress the fluid contained in the compressor batteries and then direct it towards a storage tank.
  • the upward and downward movement of the buoys will act on the crankshaft causing a partial rotation of the crank, which in turn causes that a battery of compressors is activated by connecting the cranks, compressing air one and expanding the volume of the chamber the other .
  • the dead center of each piston that makes up a pair will be at the midpoint of the cylinder.
  • crankshafts are driven by the movement of buoys arranged on the perimeter of the platform. From each of these buoys will come a pair of arms that can be arranged both in parallel and in the form of "V", which will rest on the bearings, where they connect with the crankshafts mentioned.
  • the geometry of the arm that connects the buoy with the power obtaining mechanism can be conveniently varied without altering the fundamental principle of the invention, said geometry being conferred as a simple design option.
  • the arm extension will be automatically regulated by a hydraulic arm extension system that will be connected to the compressor batteries, so that the pressure of the compressors will be the one that marks the extension length from the arm. If the height of the wave increases at a given time, there will be an increase in the pressure in the compressors due to the increase in the inclination of the arm.
  • a rocker system that is arranged on the horizontal part of the arms allows to increase the energy obtained in each movement of raising / lowering the buoy.
  • Said system consists of the arrangement of a carriage or mobile counterweight arranged on the horizontal section of the arm, whose movement is carried out through guides 20 cm in length.
  • the said mobile car will be connected at both ends to two connecting rods that will transmit the movement to two compressor batteries.
  • the buoys must be properly sized so that they have the capacity to move the weight of the crankshaft, arms, connecting rods and pistons and other moving components of the platform, and also be able to compress the fluid inside the compressor batteries to the nominal pressure of the storage tank.
  • the volume of each buoy must be such that it allows the platform assembly to move in a coordinated manner with the surface waves.
  • Each of these buoys will have another attached buoy that will serve as a counterweight, to properly regulate the pressure on the mechanical system. The weight that forms this counterweight will be slightly higher than the pressure at which the buoy is working, so that it is able to pull the buoy towards the bottom and thus ensure correct contact of all platform components.
  • the structure of the buoy will consist of a buoy from which a series of hydraulically moved telescopic arms will be released vertically that allow regulating the height of the buoy and lighten the assembly as well as providing it with a greater structural resistance by allowing the telescopic arms to arrange bracing suitable to form a solid structure.
  • the union of the arm with the buoy and the structure of telescopic arms that regulates its height is carried out by means of a joint that will rotate without restrictions in the horizontal plane, allowing in principle the rotation of the buoy before the rush of lateral forces.
  • Said turning movement will be damped by the arrangement of a series of compressors that link each of the telescopic arms of the buoy structure with the main arm. In this way, each turning movement of the buoy will result in a compression movement of half of the compressors arranged and expansion in the rest.
  • Each of the piston cylinders will have a connection that will direct the fluid, once it has reached the right pressure, until a storage tank where it will be stored until its use is necessary. As a design option it will be possible to use more than one storage tank, this fact not having influence on the fundamental principle of the invention.
  • the tanks will have adequate valves to regulate the admission of air and avoid returns through the air lines to the pistons. Said valves will also serve to control the maximum pressure in the pistons, so that it always adjusts to the level of the swell or the tide that exists at that time, thus avoiding breakage due to excessive stress on the platform mechanism.
  • FIG. 1 in which a perspective view of the device is presented.
  • Fig. 2 in which a buoy assembly with a counterweight plus the arms connecting the crankshaft and the pistons is also presented in perspective, together with the vertical bar for leveling the platform.
  • Fig. 3 in which the circuit that runs the compressed air from the air compressor assemblies to the electric generator is schematically represented.
  • Fig. 4 in which a sequence is observed in which an energy generating assembly is initially at rest and a wave raises the buoy and descends it, causing the movement of the crankshaft and through it, that of the pistons.
  • a common reference line to the three figures facilitates the observation of the movement of the buoy.
  • FIG. 5 A perspective view of one of the arms of the platform is presented where it is possible to observe all the modifications introduced. In this figure, not all the hydraulic components (pumps, motors, sleeves ...) necessary to move the different parts that make up the set represented for greater simplification of the drawing are represented.
  • FIG. 6 This figure shows the sequence of operation of the rocker arm arranged on the platform arm, so that in the highest part of the wave the carriage moves to the right by operating the compressor batteries in one direction, while in the lower part of the wave the reverse movement is performed.
  • Fig. 7. The variation of angle (b with the extended arm and b 'with the arm collected, resulting in a larger angle) caused by the extension movement of the telescopic section of the arm before the same wave height is represented.
  • angle b By means of the regulation of angle b the correct functioning of the rest of the modifications included in the memory is possible.
  • Fig. 8. A detail of the movement of the buoy in front of the lateral forces is shown, which will cause the lateral movement of the buoy thanks to the articulation arranged at the end of the arm so that a compressor battery takes advantage of the relative movement between the end of the arm and the structure of the buoy.
  • the platform (1) of rectangular base, has on its perimeter 16 buoys (2).
  • the dimensions of the platform will be approximately 275 x 100 x 5 meters.
  • the buoys (2) are regularly arranged along the perimeter, thus leaving 6 buoys (2) on each of the long sides and 2 buoys (2) on each of the short sides. These buoys also have a counterweight (3) connected to them by a steel cable.
  • buoys (2) with counterweights (3) are connected to the arms (4) by a new vertical bar that will act as a platform leveler (21).
  • the height of the buoy (2) may be modified at will by moving it along said vertical bar. Once located at the appropriate height, it will be fixed by any mechanism valid for it.
  • the buoyancy of the platform will not influence the operation of the mechanisms for obtaining energy, since the initial height of the buoys (2) will always be that of sea level. Also noteworthy is the fact that the platform levelers (21) will have an upper and lower stop (22) that will prevent the buoy (2) from coming out in accidental situations.
  • Figure 5 shows another design option in which the arm (4) that supports the buoy will have a telescopic section (25) that will be hydraulically operated and will be formed by two symmetrical beams conveniently braced to form a structure at whose end the structure of the buoy (2) will be anchored next to the telescopic sections (21 and 34) that allow to regulate the height of the buoy and that will work hydraulically.
  • any type of arm either formed by a single beam or by several, which is capable of housing the described devices and can incorporate a telescopic section (25) would not alter the essentiality of the invention, resulting in only one more design option among a wide variety of possibilities.
  • each of the beams that form the arm (4) there are rails (28) of a length such that it encompasses the total length of the carriage (24) that will travel along them plus a length equal to the necessary path for the activation of the compressor battery (27) by means of the corresponding connecting rods (26).
  • the pair of rails (28) may be arranged in any part of the arms (4) or even consist of a single rail, an aspect that will not influence the essentiality of the invention.
  • the only condition to be fulfilled will be to position itself in an area of the arm (4) such that the alternating inclination provided is adequate to cause the carriage (24) to move simply by gravity. Taking into account that the closer to the support (10) the rails (28) are arranged, the greater the angle will be, the separation with the support point must be calibrated based on the average expected wave height and the capacity of the compressor battery (27) arranged.
  • each buoy (2) From each buoy structure (2) a pair of arms (4) will come out that will connect with the crankshaft (5), each of these arms (4) having an approximate length of 1.90 meters long, and will arrive without articulation any to a crossbar (36) that will serve as a crankshaft distributor (5) and at whose ends there will be two pairs of connecting rod sets (6) and pistons (7). In this way, each buoy (2) will be able to drive 8 pistons (7) alternately, thus always having four in the compression phase and 4 in the expansion phase.
  • the structure will be formed by the buoy (2), the support of the buoy (35) where the telescopic sections (34) will be connected that will be partially housed in the leveling arms (21) which fit on a connector (33) that It keeps them all together and in position.
  • a compressor battery (32) On the mentioned connector (33) and connected to it by means of the corresponding connecting rods (31) a compressor battery (32) will be arranged that is attached to an anchor (30) which keeps them all fixed with respect to the arm (4) .
  • a connecting beam (40) From the connector (33) and in its central part there will be a connecting beam (40) that will have an accessible part of a resistant sphere (37) that will form an articulation on which a bowl (38) attached to the end of the end will freely slide arm (4) by an intermediate support (29).
  • the sphere (37) in its part The lower part will have a safety stop (39) consisting of an increase in the radius of the sphere (37) so that the rotation of the ball over the bowl (38) is limited.
  • the pistons (7) will have intake valves for the fluid (8) at the inlet of the chamber (9) as well as non-return valves (11) at the outlet of the chamber.
  • a connection (13) will carry the compressed fluid from the outlet of the non-return valve (11) to the manifold (14) that deposits the fluid in the storage tank (15) through a series of secondary connections (12).
  • the support bearings (10) will be arranged, which will serve to support the crankshaft (5) and allow its rotation freely.
  • adequate leveling of the height of the buoy (2) as a function of the height of the tide as well as a correct arrangement of the rails (28) allows the carriage (24) to move alternately right and left simply by the action of gravity, thus acting on the compressor batteries (27).
  • the pistons of the pistons (7) with a sea surface without movement will be at the midpoint of the cylinder, while a wave that causes an elevation of the buoy (2) will cause the arms (4) to rise and the crankshaft ( 5) move, causing the crank to rotate and starting to compress the fluid in the upper piston (7).
  • the buoy (2) descends with respect to its initial position this same phenomenon will also occur in the opposite piston.
  • the storage tank (15) will also have at its inlet a non-return valve (16) that prevents the return of the compressed fluid to the piston circuit, in addition to regulating the storage pressure. It will also have its corresponding safety valve (17) to avoid excessive pressures inside. At the outlet another regulating valve (18) will control the pressure at which the fluid is sent to the turbine (19), so that it will be possible to regulate the operation of said turbine (19) thus allowing fluid to be conserved in the tank ( 15) to continue producing at a time when the movement of the sea surface is insufficient to generate energy. From the storage tank (15) the air will be taken to the turbine (19) which in turn will move the electric generator (20), which produces the desired energy.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Other Liquid Machine Or Engine Such As Wave Power Use (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a floating platform for harnessing tidal energy, made up of a base platform (1), a set of buoys (2) that are arranged about the perimeter of said platform, a series of arms (4), crankshafts (5), connecting rods (6) and pistons (7), as well as pneumatic connections (13 and 12) that connect buoys and a system for generating pressurised fluid with a storage tank (15), a turbine (19) and an electricity generator (20). Said platform includes a series of mechanisms for improving the energy efficiency thereof, such as extensible arms (4) that regulate the inclination of the platform (1), a carriage (24) that exploits the inclination caused by the movement of the water, or a linkage (37) on the connection between the buoy (2) and the arm (4) which makes it possible to harness the lateral movement of the waves.

Description

PLATAFORMA FLOTANTE PARA APROVECHAMIENTO DE ENERGÍA MAREOMOTRIZ  FLOATING PLATFORM FOR MAREOMOTRIZ ENERGY USE
D E S C R I P C I Ó N D E S C R I P C I Ó N
OBJETO DE LA INVENCIÓN La presente invención, tal y como expresa el enunciado de la presente memoria, se refiere a una plataforma marina, la cual está equipada con un mecanismo destinado a aprovechar la energía obtenida del movimiento de las olas y de las mareas y convertirla en electricidad. Esta plataforma, en conjunción con el mecanismo dispuesto, logran aprovechar la energía cinética del oleaje y las mareas con un rendimiento sustancialmente mayor a los métodos empleados en la actualidad, siendo esto posible gracias a su capacidad de obtener energía de dos fuentes diferenciadas, las cuales hasta la fecha se aprovechaban mediante dispositivos diferentes. OBJECT OF THE INVENTION The present invention, as expressed in the statement herein, refers to a marine platform, which is equipped with a mechanism for harnessing the energy obtained from the movement of waves and tides and converting it. in electricity This platform, in conjunction with the mechanism provided, manages to take advantage of the kinetic energy of the waves and the tides with a yield substantially greater than the methods currently used, this being possible thanks to its ability to obtain energy from two differentiated sources, which to date they were used by different devices.
Más concretamente, la plataforma dispone a lo largo de su perímetro exterior de una serie de brazos equipados con boyas en sus extremos los cuales se han dispuesto de tal manera que el movimiento de la superficie del agua se transmite a lo largo de dichos brazos hasta accionar una batería de compresores donde se comprime un fluido que a continuación será aprovechado para generar energía mediante turbina o elemento similar. More specifically, the platform has along its outer perimeter a series of arms equipped with buoys at its ends which have been arranged in such a way that the movement of the water surface is transmitted along said arms until activated a battery of compressors where a fluid is compressed which will then be used to generate energy by means of a turbine or similar element.
CAMPO DE APLICACIÓN DE LA INVENCIÓN FIELD OF APPLICATION OF THE INVENTION
La presente invención tendrá aplicación dentro del sector de la industria empleado en las energías renovables, especialmente en la producción de energía eléctrica a partir de éstas. También se encontrarán aplicaciones dentro del sector marítimo, como medio adicional de obtención de energía. ANTECEDENTES DE LA INVENCIÓN The present invention will have application within the sector of the industry used in renewable energies, especially in the electric power production from these. Applications will also be found within the maritime sector, as an additional means of obtaining energy. BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
En la actualidad, el aprovechamiento de la energía mareomotriz es una materia en la que no ha sido posible lograr un óptimo aprovechamiento de todas las posibilidades existentes para obtener un alto rendimiento del equipo extractor de energía. Es conocida la existencia de muy diversos tipos de dispositivos que logran extraer energía del movimiento de la superficie marítima. Sin embargo, estos dispositivos se enfrentan a un ambiente muy agresivo, por lo que las operaciones de mantenimiento y de implantación son altamente costosas e impiden la disposición de equipos complejos. At present, the use of tidal energy is a matter in which it has not been possible to achieve optimum use of all the possibilities available to obtain a high performance of the energy extraction equipment. The existence of very different types of devices that extract energy from the movement of the sea surface is known. However, these devices face a very aggressive environment, so maintenance and implementation operations are highly expensive and prevent the provision of complex equipment.
Los equipos más sencillos dispuestos en la actualidad son incapaces de aprovechar tanto el movimiento de las mareas como los movimientos de subida-bajada de las olas y los movimientos laterales de éstas, por lo que se produce una bajada del rendimiento de estos dispositivos que con la invención que se presenta en ésta memoria en posible mitigar. The simplest equipment currently available are unable to take advantage of both the movement of the tides and the movements of the waves up and down and the lateral movements of the waves, so that there is a decrease in the performance of these devices than with the invention presented in this report in possible mitigation.
Es conocida por parte del titular de la presente memoria la existencia de los siguientes documentos: ES 2148105 Bl . Planta para el aprovechamiento de la energía motriz del mar (Pérez Rodríguez, José Abel; Díaz Hernández Pedro; 01/12/1998). Consiste esta invención en una planta formada por una bomba vertical anclada al fondo del mar, que es actuada mediante flotador unido a un embolo para impulsar el agua a través de unas tuberías de presión hasta un acumulador, de donde pasa a una turbina que mueve un generador eléctrico. Estando la bomba formada por dos tubos coaxiales deslizante uno en el interior del otro, actuando el interior como émbolo unido a una boya en superficie que le transmite el movimiento, mientras el externo estará anclado al fondo y mantenido en posición vertical por flotadores alojados en su extremo superior, con lo que el movimiento de las olas actúa dicha bomba para el movimiento de la planta. The existence of the following documents is known by the holder of this report: ES 2148105 Bl. Plant for the use of the motive energy of the sea (Pérez Rodríguez, José Abel; Díaz Hernández Pedro; 12/01/1998). This invention consists of a plant formed by a vertical pump anchored to the bottom of the sea, which is operated by a float attached to a plunger to drive the water through pressure pipes to an accumulator, from where it passes to a turbine that moves a Electric generator. The pump being formed by two coaxial tubes sliding one inside the other, the interior acting as a piston attached to a surface buoy that transmits the movement, while the external one will be anchored to the bottom and held vertically by floats housed in its upper end, so that the movement of the waves acts said pump for the movement of the plant.
Esta invención adolece de la limitación de que se únicamente desarrolla presión en los émbolos según la capacidad de flotación de la boya, generando energía en la subida de ésta. No se aprovecha al máximo el peso de ésta para aprovechar los movimientos descendentes del oleaje. This invention suffers from the limitation that pressure is only developed in the pistons according to the buoyancy of the buoy, generating energy in the raising thereof. The weight of the latter is not maximized to take advantage of the downward movements of the waves.
ES 2 104 181. Dispositivo para un aparato de energía de olas basado en una boya. Torger Tveter; 09/10/1992). Se trata de un dispositivo formado por una boya que está conectada a un pistón el cual a su vez queda anclado al fondo marino. Dicho pistón posee válvulas de entrada y salida del agua que permiten su impulsión aprovechando el movimiento de subida y bajada transmitido a la boya por las olas y mareas. Este dispositivo funciona asociado a una o varias dársenas donde se acumula el agua impulsada, reservando la energía almacenada para ser aprovechada en momentos de baja producción. EN 2 104 181. Device for a wave energy device based on a buoy. Torger Tveter; 10/09/1992). It is a device formed by a buoy that is connected to a piston which in turn is anchored to the seabed. Said piston has water inlet and outlet valves that allow its impulsion taking advantage of the up and down movement transmitted to the buoy by waves and tides. This device works associated with one or several docks where the driven water accumulates, reserving the stored energy to be used in times of low production.
La invención objeto de la presente memoria presenta semejanzas con la citada en el hecho de emplear uno o varios cilindros con sus respectivos pistones y la valvulería asociada. El rendimiento obtenido con este dispositivo será bastante inferior debido a que únicamente emplea un conducto para el transporte del agua, haciéndose necesario esperar a cada ciclo de marea para poder regular el caudal de transporte de agua y, por tanto, la cantidad de energía a producir. ES 2216571. Aparato flotante y procedimiento para extraer energía de las olas marinas. (Ocean Power Delivery Limited, 24/09/1998). Consiste en un dispositivo formado por una estructura articulada en la que cada par de elementos estructurales adyacentes están conectados entre sí mediante un elemento de acoplamiento de forma que permita un movimiento rotacional relativo entre éstos, en virtud de lo cual cada uno de dichos acoplamientos incluye un elemento adaptado para extraer energía del movimiento rotacional relativo de dichos elementos estructurales. Además, comprende medios para aplicar un ángulo de inclinación de balanceo al eje de rotación relativa de cada acoplamiento, así como medios para aplicar una restricción variable a la rotación relativa de cada par de elementos estructurales adyacentes. The invention object of the present report shows similarities with that mentioned in the fact of using one or several cylinders with their respective pistons and the associated valves. The performance obtained with this device will be much lower because it only uses a conduit for the transport of water, making it necessary to wait for each tidal cycle to regulate the flow of water transport and, therefore, the amount of energy to be produced . EN 2216571. Floating apparatus and procedure for extracting energy from sea waves. (Ocean Power Delivery Limited, 09/24/1998). It consists of a device formed by an articulated structure in which each pair of adjacent structural elements are connected to each other by means of a coupling element so as to allow relative rotational movement between them, by virtue of which each of said couplings includes a element adapted to extract energy from the relative rotational movement of said structural elements. In addition, it comprises means for applying a rolling tilt angle to the axis of relative rotation of each coupling, as well as means for applying a variable restriction to the relative rotation of each pair of adjacent structural elements.
Esta invención presenta el problema de poseer una eficacia lineal sobre una ondulación algo limitada, no proveyendo por tanto un rendimiento demasiado alto a la operación de extracción de energía. This invention presents the problem of having a linear efficiency on a somewhat limited undulation, thus not providing too high performance to the energy extraction operation.
ES 2291525. Una unidad olamotriz y el uso de una unidad olamotriz para la producción de energía eléctrica, un método para generar energía eléctrica y un sistema de componentes para fabricar un generador lineal para una unidad olamotriz. (Seabased AB, 10/01/2002). La unidad olamotriz comprende un cuerpo flotante y un generador eléctrico lineal cuyo rotor está conectado a dicho cuerpo flotante y cuyo estator está anclado al fondo marino y presenta la particularidad de disponer de un bobinado que forma una serie de polos en la dirección del movimiento del rotor. El movimiento relativo entre las piezas del generador eléctrico en combinación con los campos magnéticos generados provocará la obtención de energía eléctrica que será desviada para su consumo. Las diferencias con la invención que se preconiza en esta memoria son notables, resaltando como principal el hecho de que la plataforma flotante no necesita de la instalación de maquinaria en el lecho marino, además de aprovechar la energía contenida en las olas en mayor grado que el dispositivo aquí indicado. EN 2291525. A wave unit and the use of a wave unit for the production of electrical energy, a method for generating electrical energy and a system of components for manufacturing a linear generator for a wave unit. (Seabased AB, 10/01/2002). The wave unit comprises a floating body and a linear electric generator whose rotor is connected to said floating body and whose stator is anchored to the seabed and has the particularity of having a winding that forms a series of poles in the direction of rotor movement . The relative movement between the parts of the electric generator in combination with the generated magnetic fields will cause the obtaining of electrical energy that will be diverted for consumption. The differences with the invention that are recommended herein are notable, highlighting as main the fact that the floating platform does not need the installation of machinery on the seabed, in addition to harnessing the energy contained in the waves to a greater extent than the device indicated here.
Por todo lo indicado, no es conocida por parte del titular de la presente memoria la existencia de ningún dispositivo que ofrezca las prestaciones descritas y que disponga de un mecanismo de funcionamiento similar, por lo que la invención se configura como una evidente novedad. En base a esto, se solicita la correspondiente protección ofrecida a este tipo de invenciones. For all the above, it is not known by the owner of the present report the existence of any device that offers the services described and that has a similar operating mechanism, so that the invention is configured as an obvious novelty. Based on this, the corresponding protection offered to this type of invention is requested.
DESCRIPCIÓN DE LA INVENCIÓN DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
La plataforma flotante para aprovechamiento de energía mareomotriz que se preconiza está conformada a partir de una plataforma que será la base estructural de todo el conjunto. Partiendo de una base rectangular, si bien el empleo de cualquier otro tipo de geometría no alteraría el principio fundamental de funcionamiento, cuya flotabilidad quede debidamente garantizada, se dispondrá en su perímetro una multiplicidad de dispositivos encargados de la obtención de energía a partir del movimiento de la superficie del agua. La plataforma estará convenientemente anclada al fondo marino mediante cualquier sistema adecuado como tirantes o pilares. The floating platform for harnessing tidal energy that is recommended is formed from a platform that will be the structural base of the whole complex. Starting from a rectangular base, although the use of any other type of geometry would not alter the fundamental principle of operation, whose buoyancy is duly guaranteed, a multiplicity of devices responsible for obtaining energy from the movement of energy will be available on its perimeter The surface of the water. The platform will be conveniently anchored to the seabed by any suitable system such as braces or pillars.
El accionamiento de los dispositivos para obtención de energía estará confiado al movimiento de unas boyas mecánicamente conectadas a éstos mediante brazos, articulados o no, y cigüeñales. Fijado a la pared de la plataforma se dispondrá uno o varios rodamientos que servirán de punto de apoyo para el giro de cada cigüeñal. Mediante dicho movimiento de giro se accionará un juego de bielas y pistones que comprimirá el fluido contenido en las baterías de compresores para posteriormente dirigirlo hacia un tanque de almacenamiento. The activation of the devices for obtaining energy will be entrusted to the movement of buoys mechanically connected to them by means of arms, articulated or not, and crankshafts. Fixed to the wall of the One or more bearings will be available on the platform that will serve as a support point for the rotation of each crankshaft. By means of said turning movement, a set of connecting rods and pistons will be activated, which will compress the fluid contained in the compressor batteries and then direct it towards a storage tank.
El movimiento ascendente y descendente de las boyas actuará sobre el cigüeñal provocando un giro parcial de éste, provocando a su vez dicho giro que por medio de las bielas se accione una batería de compresores, comprimiendo aire uno y expandiendo el volumen de la cámara el otro. El punto muerto de cada pistón que conforma una pareja estará en el punto medio del cilindro. The upward and downward movement of the buoys will act on the crankshaft causing a partial rotation of the crank, which in turn causes that a battery of compressors is activated by connecting the cranks, compressing air one and expanding the volume of the chamber the other . The dead center of each piston that makes up a pair will be at the midpoint of the cylinder.
Tal y como se ha comentado, los cigüeñales son accionados por el movimiento de unas boyas dispuestas en el perímetro de la plataforma. De cada una de estas boyas saldrá una pareja de brazos que puede estar dispuesta tanto en paralelo como en forma de "V", los cuales apoyarán sobre los rodamientos, punto donde conectan con los cigüeñales citados. La geometría del brazo que conecta la boya con el mecanismo de obtención de energía podrá ser variada convenientemente sin alterar el principio fundamental de la invención, confiriéndose dicha geometría como una simple opción de diseño. As mentioned, the crankshafts are driven by the movement of buoys arranged on the perimeter of the platform. From each of these buoys will come a pair of arms that can be arranged both in parallel and in the form of "V", which will rest on the bearings, where they connect with the crankshafts mentioned. The geometry of the arm that connects the buoy with the power obtaining mechanism can be conveniently varied without altering the fundamental principle of the invention, said geometry being conferred as a simple design option.
Mediante la implementación de un tramo telescópico en el brazo se permite regular en cualquier momento la longitud de éste. Así, ante olas de mayor altura el brazo se extenderá de manera que el ángulo recorrido por el brazo sea el mismo que en la situación inversa, es decir, olas de pequeña altura y el brazo recogido para reducir su longitud. La extensión del brazo será regulada automáticamente mediante un sistema hidráulico de extensión de los brazos que estará conectado a las baterías de compresores, de manera que la presión de los compresores será la que marque la longitud de extensión del brazo. En caso de que aumente la altura de la ola en un momento determinado, se producirá un aumento de la presión en los compresores fruto del aumento en la inclinación del brazo. Dicho aumento de presión hará que el fluido hidráulico se desvíe por una válvula hacia el sistema de extensión del brazo y se reduzca así el ángulo de inclinación del brazo hasta que la presión vuelva a estar en los márgenes adecuados, momento en el que se detendrá la extensión del brazo. Del mismo modo, si la altura de ola disminuye, la presión en los compresores bajará y el fluido hidráulico del mecanismo de extensión se recogerá dentro de éstos de modo que el brazo se recogerá hasta que se alcance la presión de trabajo en los compresores. En el caso de que no haya olas el brazo quedará completamente recogido y el sistema de extensión en reposo. By means of the implementation of a telescopic section in the arm it is allowed to regulate the length of the arm at any time. Thus, before waves of greater height the arm will extend so that the angle traveled by the arm is the same as in the reverse situation, that is, waves of small height and the arm collected to reduce its length. The arm extension will be automatically regulated by a hydraulic arm extension system that will be connected to the compressor batteries, so that the pressure of the compressors will be the one that marks the extension length from the arm. If the height of the wave increases at a given time, there will be an increase in the pressure in the compressors due to the increase in the inclination of the arm. Said increase in pressure will cause the hydraulic fluid to be diverted by a valve towards the arm extension system and thus reduce the angle of inclination of the arm until the pressure is again in the appropriate margins, at which time the pressure will stop. arm extension Similarly, if the wave height decreases, the pressure in the compressors will drop and the hydraulic fluid of the extension mechanism will be collected inside them so that the arm will be collected until the working pressure in the compressors is reached. In the event that there are no waves, the arm will be fully collected and the extension system at rest.
Un sistema de balancín que se dispone sobre la parte horizontal de los brazos permite aumentar la energía obtenida en cada movimiento de subida/bajada de la boya. Dicho sistema consiste en la disposición de un carro o contrapeso móvil dispuesto sobre el tramo horizontal del brazo, cuyo movimiento se realiza a través de unas guías de 20 cm de longitud. El citado carro móvil estará unido en ambos extremos a sendas bielas que transmitirán el movimiento hasta sendas baterías de compresores. Para garantizar que el movimiento del carro móvil que acciona las baterías de compresores es uniforme, es necesario regularizar la inclinación del brazo en los movimientos de subida / bajada de la boya, de manera que el ángulo de inclinación máximo del brazo sea siempre el mismo, lo que se logra mediante la regulación de la longitud del brazo. Las boyas deberán estar correctamente dimensionadas de manera que tengan capacidad para mover el peso de cigüeñal, brazos, bielas y pistones y demás componentes móviles de la plataforma, y además ser capaces de comprimir el fluido dentro de las baterías de compresores hasta la presión nominal del tanque de almacenamiento. Asimismo, el volumen de cada boya habrá de ser tal que permita que el conjunto de la plataforma se mueva de forma coordinada con el oleaje de la superficie. Cada una de estas boyas dispondrá de otra boya anexa que servirá de contrapeso, para regular adecuadamente la presión sobre el sistema mecánico. El peso que conforma este contrapeso será ligeramente superior a la presión a la que esté trabajando la boya, de manera que sea capaz de tirar de la boya hacia el fondo y asegure así un correcto contacto de todos los componentes de la plataforma. A rocker system that is arranged on the horizontal part of the arms allows to increase the energy obtained in each movement of raising / lowering the buoy. Said system consists of the arrangement of a carriage or mobile counterweight arranged on the horizontal section of the arm, whose movement is carried out through guides 20 cm in length. The said mobile car will be connected at both ends to two connecting rods that will transmit the movement to two compressor batteries. To ensure that the movement of the mobile car that drives the compressor batteries is uniform, it is necessary to adjust the inclination of the arm in the movements of raising / lowering the buoy, so that the maximum inclination angle of the arm is always the same, what is achieved by regulating the length of the arm. The buoys must be properly sized so that they have the capacity to move the weight of the crankshaft, arms, connecting rods and pistons and other moving components of the platform, and also be able to compress the fluid inside the compressor batteries to the nominal pressure of the storage tank. Likewise, the volume of each buoy must be such that it allows the platform assembly to move in a coordinated manner with the surface waves. Each of these buoys will have another attached buoy that will serve as a counterweight, to properly regulate the pressure on the mechanical system. The weight that forms this counterweight will be slightly higher than the pressure at which the buoy is working, so that it is able to pull the buoy towards the bottom and thus ensure correct contact of all platform components.
La estructura de la boya consistirá en una boya de la que saldrán verticalmente una serie de brazos telescópicos movidos hidráulicamente que permiten regular la altura de la boya y aligeran el conjunto además de dotarlo de una mayor resistencia estructural al permitir los brazos telescópicos la disposición de arriostramientos adecuados para conformar una estructura sólida. La unión del brazo con la boya y la estructura de brazos telescópicos que regula su altura se realiza mediante una articulación que girará sin restricciones en el plano horizontal, permitiendo en principio el giro de la boya ante la acometida de esfuerzos laterales. Dicho movimiento de giro se verá amortiguado por la disposición de una serie de compresores que unen cada uno de los brazos telescópicos de la estructura de la boya con el brazo principal. De esta manera cada movimiento de giro de la boya se traducirá en un movimiento de compresión de la mitad de los compresores dispuestos y de expansión en el resto. The structure of the buoy will consist of a buoy from which a series of hydraulically moved telescopic arms will be released vertically that allow regulating the height of the buoy and lighten the assembly as well as providing it with a greater structural resistance by allowing the telescopic arms to arrange bracing suitable to form a solid structure. The union of the arm with the buoy and the structure of telescopic arms that regulates its height is carried out by means of a joint that will rotate without restrictions in the horizontal plane, allowing in principle the rotation of the buoy before the rush of lateral forces. Said turning movement will be damped by the arrangement of a series of compressors that link each of the telescopic arms of the buoy structure with the main arm. In this way, each turning movement of the buoy will result in a compression movement of half of the compressors arranged and expansion in the rest.
Cada uno de los cilindros de los pistones dispondrá de una conexión que dirigirá el fluido, una vez que haya alcanzado la presión adecuada, hasta un tanque de almacenamiento donde se guardará hasta que sea necesario su uso. Como opción de diseño será posible el empleo de más de un tanque de almacenamiento, no teniendo este hecho influencia sobre el principio fundamental de la invención. Each of the piston cylinders will have a connection that will direct the fluid, once it has reached the right pressure, until a storage tank where it will be stored until its use is necessary. As a design option it will be possible to use more than one storage tank, this fact not having influence on the fundamental principle of the invention.
Los tanques dispondrán de valvulería adecuada para regular la admisión de aire y evitar retornos por las líneas de aire hacia los pistones. Dicha valvulería servirá también para controlar la presión máxima en los pistones, de manera que ésta siempre se ajuste al nivel del oleaje o la marea que haya en esos momentos, evitando así roturas por esfuerzos excesivos sobre el mecanismo de la plataforma. The tanks will have adequate valves to regulate the admission of air and avoid returns through the air lines to the pistons. Said valves will also serve to control the maximum pressure in the pistons, so that it always adjusts to the level of the swell or the tide that exists at that time, thus avoiding breakage due to excessive stress on the platform mechanism.
Desde el tanque de almacenamiento, el aire comprimido se liberará para ser llevado hacia una turbina a través de un colector. La entrada de aire comprimido a la turbina la accionará, permitiendo finalmente así accionar un generador eléctrico que será el que nos proporcione la energía eléctrica. From the storage tank, compressed air will be released to be taken to a turbine through a collector. The compressed air inlet to the turbine will drive it, allowing finally to drive an electric generator that will be the one that provides us with the electric power.
DESCRIPCIÓN DE LOS DIBUJOS Para complementar la descripción que se está realizando, y con objeto de facilitar una mejor comprensión de las características de la invención, se acompaña a la presente memoria como parte integrante de la misma, unos dibujos realizados con carácter ilustrativo y no limitativo, que a continuación se procede a describir: DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS To complement the description that is being made, and in order to facilitate a better understanding of the characteristics of the invention, some drawings made with illustrative and non-limiting character are attached hereto as an integral part thereof. , which is described below:
Fig. 1 en la que se presenta una vista en perspectiva del dispositivo. Fig. 1 in which a perspective view of the device is presented.
Fig. 2 en la que se presenta también en perspectiva un conjunto de boya con contrapeso más los brazos que conectan al cigüeñal y los pistones, junto con la barra vertical para nivelación de la plataforma. Fig. 3 en la que se representa esquemáticamente el circuito que recorre el aire comprimido desde los conjuntos compresores de aire hasta el generador eléctrico. Fig. 2 in which a buoy assembly with a counterweight plus the arms connecting the crankshaft and the pistons is also presented in perspective, together with the vertical bar for leveling the platform. Fig. 3 in which the circuit that runs the compressed air from the air compressor assemblies to the electric generator is schematically represented.
Fig. 4 en la que se observa una secuencia en la que un conjunto generador de energía está inicialmente en reposo y una ola eleva la boya y la desciende, provocando el movimiento del cigüeñal y a través de éste, el de los pistones. Una línea de referencia común a las tres figuras facilita la observación del movimiento de la boya. Fig. 4 in which a sequence is observed in which an energy generating assembly is initially at rest and a wave raises the buoy and descends it, causing the movement of the crankshaft and through it, that of the pistons. A common reference line to the three figures facilitates the observation of the movement of the buoy.
Fig. 5. Se presenta una vista en perspectiva de uno de los brazos de la plataforma donde es posible observar todas las modificaciones introducidas. En esta figura no aparecen representados todos los componentes hidráulicos (bombas, motores, manguitos...) necesarios para mover las diferentes partes que componen el conjunto representado para mayor simplificación del dibujo. Fig. 5. A perspective view of one of the arms of the platform is presented where it is possible to observe all the modifications introduced. In this figure, not all the hydraulic components (pumps, motors, sleeves ...) necessary to move the different parts that make up the set represented for greater simplification of the drawing are represented.
Fig. 6. En esta figura aparece representada la secuencia de funcionamiento del balancín dispuesto sobre el brazo de la plataforma, de manera que en la parte más elevada de la ola el carro se desplaza hacia la derecha accionando las baterías de compresores en un sentido, mientras que en la parte inferior de la ola se realiza el movimiento inverso. Fig. 6. This figure shows the sequence of operation of the rocker arm arranged on the platform arm, so that in the highest part of the wave the carriage moves to the right by operating the compressor batteries in one direction, while in the lower part of the wave the reverse movement is performed.
Fig. 7. Se representa la variación de ángulo (b con el brazo extendido y b' con el brazo recogido, resultando un ángulo mayor) provocada por el movimiento de extensión del tramo telescópico del brazo ante una misma altura de ola. Mediante la regulación del ángulo b se posibilita el correcto funcionamiento del resto de modificaciones incluidas en la memoria. Fig. 8. Se representa un detalle del movimiento de la boya ante los esfuerzos laterales, que provocará el movimiento lateral de la boya gracias a la articulación dispuesta en el extremo del brazo de manera que una batería de compresores aprovecha el movimiento relativo entre el extremo del brazo y la estructura de la boya. Fig. 7. The variation of angle (b with the extended arm and b 'with the arm collected, resulting in a larger angle) caused by the extension movement of the telescopic section of the arm before the same wave height is represented. By means of the regulation of angle b the correct functioning of the rest of the modifications included in the memory is possible. Fig. 8. A detail of the movement of the buoy in front of the lateral forces is shown, which will cause the lateral movement of the buoy thanks to the articulation arranged at the end of the arm so that a compressor battery takes advantage of the relative movement between the end of the arm and the structure of the buoy.
DESCRIPCIÓN DE LA FORMA DE REALIZACIÓN PREFERIDA DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
A la vista de las mencionadas figuras, y de acuerdo con la numeración adoptada, se puede observar en ellas un ejemplo de realización preferente de la invención, la cual comprende las partes y elementos que se indican y describen en detalle a continuación, no pretendiendo en absoluto limitar el alcance de esta. La plataforma (1), de base rectangular, dispone en su perímetro de 16 boyas (2). Las dimensiones de la plataforma serán de 275 x 100 x 5 metros aproximadamente. Las boyas (2) quedan regularmente dispuestas a lo largo del perímetro, quedando por tanto 6 boyas (2) en cada uno de los lados largos y 2 boyas (2) en cada uno de los lados cortos. Estas boyas además disponen de un contrapeso (3) conectado a ellas mediante un cable de acero. In view of the aforementioned figures, and in accordance with the numbering adopted, an example of a preferred embodiment of the invention can be observed therein, which comprises the parts and elements indicated and described in detail below, not intended in Absolute limit the scope of this. The platform (1), of rectangular base, has on its perimeter 16 buoys (2). The dimensions of the platform will be approximately 275 x 100 x 5 meters. The buoys (2) are regularly arranged along the perimeter, thus leaving 6 buoys (2) on each of the long sides and 2 buoys (2) on each of the short sides. These buoys also have a counterweight (3) connected to them by a steel cable.
Cabe la posibilidad de sustituir la disposición de contrapesos (3) por boyas capaces de alojar agua en su interior o expulsarla a conveniencia mediante el empleo de bombas automatizadas. De este modo se logrará que el peso de la boya siempre sea el adecuado para las condiciones de trabajo de cada momento ó el sistema de ruedas con botella hidráulicas. Sin embargo, en el ejemplo actual se detalla la variante de boyas (2) con contrapesos (3), dado que el uso o no de contrapeso no influirá sobre la esencialidad de la invención. La boya (2) estará conectada a los brazos (4) mediante una nueva barra vertical que actuará como nivelador de la plataforma (21). La altura de la boya (2) podrá ser modificada a voluntad mediante el desplazamiento de ésta a lo largo de dicha barra vertical. Una vez situada a la altura adecuada se fijará mediante cualquier mecanismo válido para ello. De esta manera la flotabilidad de la plataforma no influirá sobre el funcionamiento de los mecanismos de obtención de energía, dado que la altura inicial de las boyas (2) siempre será la del nivel del mar. También es resaltable el hecho de que los niveladores de plataforma (21) dispondrán de un tope (22) superior e inferior que impedirán la salida de la boya (2) ante situaciones accidentales. It is possible to replace the provision of counterweights (3) with buoys capable of housing water inside or expel it for convenience by using automated pumps. This will ensure that the weight of the buoy is always adequate for the working conditions of each moment or the system of hydraulic wheels with bottles. However, in the current example the variant of buoys (2) with counterweights (3) is detailed, since the use or not of counterweight will not influence the essentiality of the invention. The buoy (2) will be connected to the arms (4) by a new vertical bar that will act as a platform leveler (21). The height of the buoy (2) may be modified at will by moving it along said vertical bar. Once located at the appropriate height, it will be fixed by any mechanism valid for it. In this way, the buoyancy of the platform will not influence the operation of the mechanisms for obtaining energy, since the initial height of the buoys (2) will always be that of sea level. Also noteworthy is the fact that the platform levelers (21) will have an upper and lower stop (22) that will prevent the buoy (2) from coming out in accidental situations.
Tal y como se ha indicado la configuración de los brazos (4) puede ser realizada de varios modos diferentes. En la figura 5 se representa otra opción de diseño en la que el brazo (4) que soporta la boya dispondrá de un tramo telescópico (25) que será accionado hidráulicamente y estará formado por dos vigas simétricas convenientemente arriostradas para formar una estructura a cuyo extremo se anclará la estructura de la boya (2) junto a los tramos telescópicos (21 y 34) que permiten regular la altura de la boya y que funcionarán hidráulicamente. Si bien en el presente ejemplo se disponen parejas simétrica de brazos (4) entre los cuales se acoplarán diversos dispositivos, cualquier tipología de brazo ya sea formado por una viga simple o por varias, que sea capaz de albergar los dispositivos descritos y pueda incorporar un tramo telescópico (25) no alteraría la esencialidad de la invención, resultando únicamente una opción de diseño más entre una gran variedad de posibilidades. As indicated, the configuration of the arms (4) can be carried out in several different ways. Figure 5 shows another design option in which the arm (4) that supports the buoy will have a telescopic section (25) that will be hydraulically operated and will be formed by two symmetrical beams conveniently braced to form a structure at whose end the structure of the buoy (2) will be anchored next to the telescopic sections (21 and 34) that allow to regulate the height of the buoy and that will work hydraulically. Although in the present example symmetrical pairs of arms (4) are arranged between which various devices will be coupled, any type of arm either formed by a single beam or by several, which is capable of housing the described devices and can incorporate a telescopic section (25) would not alter the essentiality of the invention, resulting in only one more design option among a wide variety of possibilities.
Sobre la cara interna de cada una de las vigas que forman el brazo (4) se disponen raíles (28) de una longitud tal que abarque la longitud total del carro (24) que se desplazará por ellos más una longitud igual al recorrido necesario para la activación de la batería de compresores (27) mediante las bielas (26) correspondientes. La pareja de raíles (28) podrá estar dispuesta en cualquier parte de los brazos (4) o incluso consistir en un único raíl, aspecto éste que no influirá en la esencialidad de la invención. La única condición a cumplir será la de posicionarse en una zona del brazo (4) tal que la inclinación alternante prevista sea la adecuada para provocar el desplazamiento del carro (24) simplemente por acción de la gravedad. Teniendo en cuenta que cuanto más cerca del apoyo (10) se dispongan los raíles (28) mayor será dicho ángulo, se habrá de calibrar la separación con el punto de apoyo en función de la altura media de ola esperada y de la capacidad de la batería de compresores (27) dispuesta. On the inner face of each of the beams that form the arm (4) there are rails (28) of a length such that it encompasses the total length of the carriage (24) that will travel along them plus a length equal to the necessary path for the activation of the compressor battery (27) by means of the corresponding connecting rods (26). The pair of rails (28) may be arranged in any part of the arms (4) or even consist of a single rail, an aspect that will not influence the essentiality of the invention. The only condition to be fulfilled will be to position itself in an area of the arm (4) such that the alternating inclination provided is adequate to cause the carriage (24) to move simply by gravity. Taking into account that the closer to the support (10) the rails (28) are arranged, the greater the angle will be, the separation with the support point must be calibrated based on the average expected wave height and the capacity of the compressor battery (27) arranged.
De cada estructura de boya (2) saldrá una pareja de brazos (4) que conectarán con el cigüeñal (5), teniendo cada uno de estos brazos (4) una longitud aproximada de 1,90 metros de largo, y llegarán sin articulación ninguna hasta una barra transversal (36) que servirá como repartidor del cigüeñal (5) y en cuyos extremos se dispondrá sendas parejas de juegos de biela (6) y pistones (7). De este modo, cada boya (2) podrá accionar 8 pistones (7) de modo alternativo, teniendo así siempre cuatro en fase de compresión y 4 en fase de expansión. La estructura estará formada por la boya (2), el soporte de la boya (35) donde irán conectados los tramos telescópicos (34) que estarán parcialmente alojados en los brazos de nivelación (21) los cuales encajan sobre un conector (33) que los mantiene unidos a todos y en posición. Sobre el citado conector (33) y unidos a éste mediante las correspondientes bielas (31) se dispondrá una batería de compresores (32) que se sujeta a un anclaje (30) el cual los mantiene a todos fijos con respecto al brazo (4). Desde el conector (33) y en su parte central surgirá una viga de conexión (40) que dispondrá en una parte accesible de una esfera (37) resistente que conformará una articulación sobre la cual deslizará libremente una cazoleta (38) unida al extremo del brazo (4) mediante un soporte intermedio (29). Además, la esfera (37) en su parte inferior dispondrá de un tope de seguridad (39) consistente en un recrecimiento del radio de la esfera (37) de modo que el giro de ésta sobre la cazoleta (38) quede limitado. Así, se permite que los movimientos laterales de la boya (2) no sean absorbidos por la estructura de la plataforma, sino que la boya (2) girará libremente accionando de este modo las bielas (31) y poniendo en marcha una serie de compresores (32) que están unidos fijos a la estructura del brazo. From each buoy structure (2) a pair of arms (4) will come out that will connect with the crankshaft (5), each of these arms (4) having an approximate length of 1.90 meters long, and will arrive without articulation any to a crossbar (36) that will serve as a crankshaft distributor (5) and at whose ends there will be two pairs of connecting rod sets (6) and pistons (7). In this way, each buoy (2) will be able to drive 8 pistons (7) alternately, thus always having four in the compression phase and 4 in the expansion phase. The structure will be formed by the buoy (2), the support of the buoy (35) where the telescopic sections (34) will be connected that will be partially housed in the leveling arms (21) which fit on a connector (33) that It keeps them all together and in position. On the mentioned connector (33) and connected to it by means of the corresponding connecting rods (31) a compressor battery (32) will be arranged that is attached to an anchor (30) which keeps them all fixed with respect to the arm (4) . From the connector (33) and in its central part there will be a connecting beam (40) that will have an accessible part of a resistant sphere (37) that will form an articulation on which a bowl (38) attached to the end of the end will freely slide arm (4) by an intermediate support (29). In addition, the sphere (37) in its part The lower part will have a safety stop (39) consisting of an increase in the radius of the sphere (37) so that the rotation of the ball over the bowl (38) is limited. Thus, it is allowed that the lateral movements of the buoy (2) are not absorbed by the structure of the platform, but that the buoy (2) will rotate freely, thus activating the connecting rods (31) and starting a series of compressors (32) which are fixedly attached to the arm structure.
Los pistones (7) dispondrán de válvulas de admisión para el fluido (8) en la entrada de la cámara (9) así como de válvulas antirretorno (11) en la salida de la cámara. Una conexión (13) llevará el fluido comprimido desde la salida de la válvula antirretorno (11) hasta el colector (14) que deposita el fluido en el tanque de almacenamiento (15) a través de una serie de conexiones secundarias (12). The pistons (7) will have intake valves for the fluid (8) at the inlet of the chamber (9) as well as non-return valves (11) at the outlet of the chamber. A connection (13) will carry the compressed fluid from the outlet of the non-return valve (11) to the manifold (14) that deposits the fluid in the storage tank (15) through a series of secondary connections (12).
Anclados a la pared exterior (23) de la plataforma (1) se dispondrán los rodamientos de soporte (10), que servirán para soportar el cigüeñal (5) y permitir su giro libremente. Tal y como puede observarse en la figura 5, una adecuada nivelación de la altura de la boya (2) en función de altura de la marea así como una correcta disposición de los raíles (28) permite que el carro (24) se mueva alternativamente hacia derecha e izquierda simplemente por la acción de la gravedad, actuando así sobre las baterías de compresores (27). Anchored to the outer wall (23) of the platform (1), the support bearings (10) will be arranged, which will serve to support the crankshaft (5) and allow its rotation freely. As can be seen in Figure 5, adequate leveling of the height of the buoy (2) as a function of the height of the tide as well as a correct arrangement of the rails (28) allows the carriage (24) to move alternately right and left simply by the action of gravity, thus acting on the compressor batteries (27).
Los émbolos de los pistones (7) con una superficie del mar sin movimiento estarán en el punto medio del cilindro, mientras que una ola que provoque una elevación de la boya (2) hará que los brazos (4) se eleven y el cigüeñal (5) se mueva, provocando el giro de la biela y comenzando a comprimir el fluido en el pistón (7) superior. Cuando la boya (2) descienda con respecto a su posición inicial también se producirá este mismo fenómeno en el pistón contrario. The pistons of the pistons (7) with a sea surface without movement will be at the midpoint of the cylinder, while a wave that causes an elevation of the buoy (2) will cause the arms (4) to rise and the crankshaft ( 5) move, causing the crank to rotate and starting to compress the fluid in the upper piston (7). When the buoy (2) descends with respect to its initial position this same phenomenon will also occur in the opposite piston.
El tanque de almacenamiento (15) dispondrá también en su entrada de una válvula antirretorno (16) que impida el retorno del fluido comprimido hacia el circuito de los pistones, además de regular la presión de almacenamiento. Asimismo dispondrá de su correspondiente válvula de seguridad (17) para evitar presiones excesivas en su interior. En la salida otra válvula reguladora (18) controlará la presión a la que se manda el fluido a la turbina (19), de modo que será posible regular el funcionamiento de dicha turbina (19) permitiendo así que se conserve fluido en el tanque (15) para seguir produciendo en momentos en que el movimiento de la superficie del mar sea insuficiente para generar energía. Desde el tanque de almacenamiento (15) el aire se llevará hacia la turbina (19) que a su vez moverá el generador eléctrico (20), el cual produce la energía buscada. The storage tank (15) will also have at its inlet a non-return valve (16) that prevents the return of the compressed fluid to the piston circuit, in addition to regulating the storage pressure. It will also have its corresponding safety valve (17) to avoid excessive pressures inside. At the outlet another regulating valve (18) will control the pressure at which the fluid is sent to the turbine (19), so that it will be possible to regulate the operation of said turbine (19) thus allowing fluid to be conserved in the tank ( 15) to continue producing at a time when the movement of the sea surface is insufficient to generate energy. From the storage tank (15) the air will be taken to the turbine (19) which in turn will move the electric generator (20), which produces the desired energy.
Descrita suficientemente la naturaleza de la presente invención, así como la manera de ponerla en práctica, no se considera necesario hacer más amplia su explicación para que cualquier experto en la materia comprenda su alcance y las ventajas que de ella se derivan, haciendo constar que, dentro de su esencialidad, podrá ser llevada a la práctica en otras formas de realización que difieran en detalle de la indicada a título de ejemplo, y a las cuales alcanzará igualmente la protección que se recaba siempre que no se altere, cambie o modifique su principio fundamental. Describing sufficiently the nature of the present invention, as well as the way of putting it into practice, it is not considered necessary to broaden its explanation so that any person skilled in the art understands its scope and the advantages derived therefrom, stating that, within its essentiality, it may be carried out in other embodiments that differ in detail from that indicated by way of example, and to which it will also achieve the protection that is sought provided that it does not alter, change or modify its fundamental principle .

Claims

REIVINDICACIONES
1. PLATAFORMA FLOTANTE PARA APROVECHAMIENTO DE ENERGÍA MAREOMOTRIZ, configurado a partir de una plataforma base (1), un conjunto de boyas (2), una serie de brazos (4), cigüeñales (5), barras transversales (36), bielas (6) y pistones (7), una serie de válvulas de admisión (8), válvulas antirretorno (11) dispuesta en la cámara de los pistones (9), unas conexiones neumáticas (13 y 12), unos rodamientos (10) soportados en la pared de la plataforma, un colector de aire comprimido (14), un tanque de almacenamiento (15) con válvulas antirretorno (16), de seguridad (17), y de regulación de presión (18); una turbina (19) y un generador eléctrico (20) caracterizada por que las boyas (2) quedan dispuestas a lo largo del perímetro de la plataforma (1), estando conectadas a la pared lateral de ésta mediante una pareja de brazos (4) los cuales conectan con un cigüeñal (5) el cual actúa sobre un conjunto de bielas (6) y pistones (7) estando el eje de giro en los rodamiento (10) soportados en la pared (23) de la plataforma (1). 1. FLOATING PLATFORM FOR MAREOMOTRIZ ENERGY USE, configured from a base platform (1), a set of buoys (2), a series of arms (4), crankshafts (5), crossbars (36), connecting rods ( 6) and pistons (7), a series of intake valves (8), non-return valves (11) arranged in the piston chamber (9), pneumatic connections (13 and 12), bearings (10) supported on the platform wall, a compressed air manifold (14), a storage tank (15) with non-return valves (16), safety valves (17), and pressure regulation (18); a turbine (19) and an electric generator (20) characterized in that the buoys (2) are arranged along the perimeter of the platform (1), being connected to the side wall of the platform by a pair of arms (4) which connect with a crankshaft (5) which acts on a set of connecting rods (6) and pistons (7) with the axis of rotation in the bearings (10) supported on the wall (23) of the platform (1).
2. PLATAFORMA FLOTANTE PARA APROVECHAMIENTO DE ENERGÍA MAREOMOTRIZ conforme a la reivindicación 1 , caracterizada por el hecho de que cada boya (2) dispone de un contrapeso (3), cuyo peso es ligeramente superior a la presión a la que trabaja la boya (2) junto a la cual se ha dispuesto. 2. FLOATING PLATFORM FOR USE OF MAREOMOTRIZ ENERGY according to claim 1, characterized in that each buoy (2) has a counterweight (3), whose weight is slightly greater than the pressure at which the buoy works (2 ) next to which it has been arranged.
3. PLATAFORMA FLOTANTE PARA APROVECHAMIENTO DE ENERGÍA MAREOMOTRIZ conforme a la reivindicación 1 , caracterizada por el hecho de que se sustituyen los contrapesos (3) de las boyas (2) por boyas con capacidad de alojar agua en su interior y expulsarla a conveniencia. 3. FLOATING PLATFORM FOR USE OF MAREOMOTRIZ ENERGY according to claim 1, characterized in that the counterweights (3) of the buoys (2) are replaced by buoys capable of accommodating water inside and expelling it for convenience.
4. PLATAFORMA FLOTANTE PARA APROVECHAMIENTO DE ENERGÍA MAREOMOTRIZ conforme a las reivindicación 1 , caracterizada por que el brazo (4) que soporta la boya dispondrá de un tramo telescópico (25), habiéndose dispuesto unos raíles (28) sobre dichos brazos (4) por los que desliza libremente un carro (24) que queda unido mediante las correspondientes bielas (26) a sendas baterías de compresores (27) dispuestas en los extremos del recorrido de los raíles; y habiéndose dispuesto en el extremo del tramo telescópico de los brazos (25) una articulación (37) que permite el giro de la estructura de la boya (2) con respecto al brazo (4) y su tramo telescópico (25), además de un soporte fijo (30) sobre el que se dispone una batería de compresores (32) unidas mediante bielas (31) a la estructura de la boya (2). 4. FLOATING PLATFORM FOR MAREOMOTRIZ ENERGY USE according to claim 1, characterized because the arm (4) that supports the buoy will have a telescopic section (25), rails (28) having been arranged on said arms (4) through which a carriage (24) slides freely, which is connected by the corresponding connecting rods (26) to two compressor batteries (27) arranged at the ends of the rail travel; and having an articulation (37) at the end of the telescopic section of the arms (25) that allows the buoy structure (2) to rotate with respect to the arm (4) and its telescopic section (25), in addition to a fixed support (30) on which a battery of compressors (32) connected by connecting rods (31) to the structure of the buoy (2) is arranged.
5. PLATAFORMA FLOTANTE PARA APROVECHAMIENTO DE ENERGÍA MAREOMOTRIZ conforme a las reivindicaciones 1 a 4, caracterizada por que el mecanismo hidráulico de extensión del tramo telescópico (25) del brazo (4) está conectado a través de válvulas de presión con los compresores (27) del carro (24). 5. FLOATING PLATFORM FOR MAREOMOTRIZ ENERGY USE according to claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the hydraulic extension mechanism of the telescopic section (25) of the arm (4) is connected through pressure valves with the compressors (27) of the car (24).
6. PLATAFORMA FLOTANTE PARA APROVECHAMIENTO DE ENERGÍA MAREOMOTRIZ conforme a las reivindicaciones 1 a 4, caracterizada por que la cámara (9) de cada uno de los pistones (7) dispone de una válvula de admisión (8) y válvulas antirretomo (11), quedando ésta última unida a una conexión (13) neumática que lo une a un colector (13) común para todos los pistones (7). 6. FLOATING PLATFORM FOR MAREOMOTRIZ ENERGY USE according to claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the chamber (9) of each of the pistons (7) has an intake valve (8) and non-return valves (11), the latter being connected to a pneumatic connection (13) that joins it to a common manifold (13) for all pistons (7).
7. PLATAFORMA FLOTANTE PARA APROVECHAMIENTO DE ENERGÍA MAREOMOTRIZ conforme a las reivindicaciones 1 a 4, caracterizada por que el colector (14) queda conectado a un tanque de almacenamiento (15) a través de una serie de conexiones secundarias (12) la cual queda regulada por una válvula antirretomo (16), y estando la presión interna regulada por una válvula de seguridad (17) y la presión de salida regulada por una válvula reguladora de presión (18). 7. FLOATING PLATFORM FOR MAREOMOTRIZ ENERGY USE according to claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the collector (14) is connected to a storage tank (15) through a series of secondary connections (12) which is regulated by a check valve (16), and the pressure being internal regulated by a safety valve (17) and the outlet pressure regulated by a pressure regulating valve (18).
8. PLATAFORMA FLOTANTE PARA APROVECHAMIENTO DE ENERGÍA MAREOMOTRIZ conforme a las reivindicaciones 1 a 7, caracterizada por que el tanque de almacenamiento (15) conduce el aire comprimido en su interior hacia una turbina (19), la cual está conectada a un generador eléctrico (20). 8. FLOATING PLATFORM FOR MAREOMOTRIZ ENERGY USE according to claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the storage tank (15) conducts the compressed air inside it towards a turbine (19), which is connected to an electric generator ( twenty).
9. PLATAFORMA FLOTANTE PARA APROVECHAMIENTO DE ENERGÍA MAREOMOTRIZ conforme a las reivindicaciones l a 3, caracterizada por que las boyas (2) estarán conectadas a los brazos (4) a través de una barra vertical (21) con topes en sus extremos (22), la cual puede regularse a diferentes alturas. 9. FLOATING PLATFORM FOR MAREOMOTRIZ ENERGY USE according to claims 3, characterized in that the buoys (2) will be connected to the arms (4) through a vertical bar (21) with stops at its ends (22), which can be regulated at different heights.
10. PLATAFORMA FLOTANTE PARA APROVECHAMIENTO DE ENERGÍA MAREOMOTRIZ conforme a las reivindicaciones l a 3, caracterizada por que la estructura de la boya (2) incluye una multiplicidad de vigas (21) que disponen de un tramo telescópico (34) accionables hidráulicamente, estando conectados los tramos telescópicos a la boya (2) a través de un soporte (35) en su parte inferior y estando conectadas las vigas (21) a un soporte superior (33) del que partirá una viga de conexión (40) al brazo (4). 10. FLOATING PLATFORM FOR USE OF MAREOMOTRIZ ENERGY according to claims 3, characterized in that the structure of the buoy (2) includes a multiplicity of beams (21) that have a telescopic section (34) hydraulically operable, the connected ones being connected telescopic sections to the buoy (2) through a support (35) in its lower part and the beams (21) being connected to an upper support (33) from which a connecting beam (40) will depart to the arm (4) .
11. PLATAFORMA FLOTANTE PARA APROVECHAMIENTO DE ENERGÍA MAREOMOTRIZ conforme a la reivindicación 9, caracterizada por que la articulación consiste en una esfera (37) resistente dispuesta en la viga de conexión (40) sobre la cual deslizará libremente una cazoleta (38) unida al extremo del brazo (4) mediante un soporte intermedio (29). 11. FLOATING PLATFORM FOR MAREOMOTRIZ ENERGY USE according to claim 9, characterized in that the joint consists of a resistant sphere (37) arranged in the connecting beam (40) on which a bowl (38) attached to the end will freely slide of the arm (4) by means of an intermediate support (29).
12. PLATAFORMA FLOTANTE PARA APROVECHAMIENTO DE ENERGÍA MAREOMOTRIZ conforme a la reivindicación 10, caracterizada por que la esfera (37) dispone de un tope de seguridad (39) consistente en un recrecimiento del radio de la esfera (37) dispuesto en su parte inferior. 12. FLOATING PLATFORM FOR USE OF MAREOMOTRIZ ENERGY according to claim 10, characterized in that the sphere (37) has a safety stop (39) consisting of a regrowth of the radius of the sphere (37) arranged in its lower part.
PCT/ES2012/000309 2011-12-09 2012-12-07 Floating platform for harnessing tidal energy WO2013083863A1 (en)

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
ESP-201101343 2011-12-09
ES201101343A ES2432419B1 (en) 2011-12-09 2011-12-09 FLOATING PLATFORM FOR MAREOMOTRIZ ENERGY USE
ESP201201231 2012-11-30
ES201201231A ES2472565B1 (en) 2012-11-30 2012-11-30 Floating platform for harnessing tidal energy, improved

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Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN2791294Y (en) * 2004-09-09 2006-06-28 闫军 Combined-power oscillation type sea-wave generating apparatus
US20090313988A1 (en) * 2008-06-19 2009-12-24 Jean Yves Cassagnol Method of extracting energy from ocean waves
KR100936907B1 (en) * 2009-03-21 2010-01-20 (주)에이치. 에스 The tidal generator system
US20110042954A1 (en) * 2009-08-19 2011-02-24 Alexander Werjefelt Wave Action Electric Generating System
US20110121572A1 (en) * 2009-11-20 2011-05-26 Leonid Levchets Wave Motion Power Generator

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN2791294Y (en) * 2004-09-09 2006-06-28 闫军 Combined-power oscillation type sea-wave generating apparatus
US20090313988A1 (en) * 2008-06-19 2009-12-24 Jean Yves Cassagnol Method of extracting energy from ocean waves
KR100936907B1 (en) * 2009-03-21 2010-01-20 (주)에이치. 에스 The tidal generator system
US20110042954A1 (en) * 2009-08-19 2011-02-24 Alexander Werjefelt Wave Action Electric Generating System
US20110121572A1 (en) * 2009-11-20 2011-05-26 Leonid Levchets Wave Motion Power Generator

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