WO2013083033A1 - 无需额外电源的自举驱动电路 - Google Patents

无需额外电源的自举驱动电路 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2013083033A1
WO2013083033A1 PCT/CN2012/085889 CN2012085889W WO2013083033A1 WO 2013083033 A1 WO2013083033 A1 WO 2013083033A1 CN 2012085889 W CN2012085889 W CN 2012085889W WO 2013083033 A1 WO2013083033 A1 WO 2013083033A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
unit
power
diode
circuit
bootstrap
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PCT/CN2012/085889
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
雷淮刚
杨喜军
朱元庆
刘智翎
朱俊
Original Assignee
上海儒竞电子科技有限公司
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Application filed by 上海儒竞电子科技有限公司 filed Critical 上海儒竞电子科技有限公司
Priority to US14/363,305 priority Critical patent/US9479041B2/en
Publication of WO2013083033A1 publication Critical patent/WO2013083033A1/zh

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/08—Circuits specially adapted for the generation of control voltages for semiconductor devices incorporated in static converters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
    • H02M7/02—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/04—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/12—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M7/21—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M7/217—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03K—PULSE TECHNIQUE
    • H03K17/00—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking
    • H03K17/51—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking characterised by the components used
    • H03K17/56—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking characterised by the components used by the use, as active elements, of semiconductor devices
    • H03K17/567—Circuits characterised by the use of more than one type of semiconductor device, e.g. BIMOS, composite devices such as IGBT
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03K—PULSE TECHNIQUE
    • H03K17/00—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking
    • H03K17/51—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking characterised by the components used
    • H03K17/56—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking characterised by the components used by the use, as active elements, of semiconductor devices
    • H03K17/687—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking characterised by the components used by the use, as active elements, of semiconductor devices the devices being field-effect transistors
    • H03K17/6877—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking characterised by the components used by the use, as active elements, of semiconductor devices the devices being field-effect transistors the control circuit comprising active elements different from those used in the output circuit
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/0003—Details of control, feedback or regulation circuits
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03K—PULSE TECHNIQUE
    • H03K2217/00—Indexing scheme related to electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making or -breaking covered by H03K17/00
    • H03K2217/0081—Power supply means, e.g. to the switch driver

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the technical field of power electronics, and relates to a driving circuit, in particular to a bootstrap driving circuit that does not require an additional power source. Background technique
  • each controllable power switch requires its own isolated drive power supply, which requires isolation of the power supply.
  • Isolated power supplies include linear power supplies and switching power supplies. The greater the number of isolated drive power supplies, the more difficult it is to design isolated power supplies, the higher the cost and size, and even the impact of system operation.
  • FIG. 1 An existing bootstrap driving circuit is shown in FIG. 1 , which includes a control chip, and a bootstrap diode is connected between the high-side switch driving output power supply terminal of the control chip and the power source, and the power supply end of the high-side switch driving output circuit is The low-end switch drive output circuit is connected with a bootstrap capacitor between the power supply end.
  • the high-side switch pulse output end and the low-end switch pulse output end of the control chip are respectively connected with a high-side switch M0S tube, a low-end switch M0S tube, and a high-end switch M0S.
  • the source of the tube is connected to the drain of the low-side switch M0S tube as a driving output end, and the driving output end is connected to the power supply end of the low-side switch driving output circuit, and the source of the high-side switch MOS tube is driven by the two switches.
  • An additional power supply circuit is connected between the power supply terminals of the output circuit.
  • a bootstrap driving circuit that does not require an additional power source including a power unit, a switching unit, a bootstrap unit, and a driving unit; the power unit is configured to output a DC voltage; the switching unit is connected to the power unit for controlling and powering the unit Connecting and shutting down; the bootstrap unit is connected to the switch unit for providing driving power, and outputting a driving power source; the bootstrap unit includes a storage capacitor; and the driving unit is connected to the bootstrap unit , for driving under the driving power source Output control signals.
  • the bootstrap unit includes a storage capacitor C3, a Zener diode WD1, and a diode D1.
  • the storage capacitor C3 is connected in series with the diode D1, and the Zener diode WD1 is connected in parallel with the storage capacitor C3.
  • the bootstrap unit further includes a resistor R4 connected in series between the diode D1 and the storage capacitor C3.
  • the driving unit includes a photocoupler including a power device power side and a control device control side, and the power device power side receives the driving of the driving power source.
  • the control device control side outputs the control signal.
  • the switching unit includes a second bridge rectifier circuit and a power device; the second bridge rectifier circuit and the power device are connected in parallel; a gate of the power device and the driving unit The power device of the power device is connected to receive the driving power.
  • the power unit includes an inductor L1, a first bridge rectifier circuit, and a voltage stabilizing capacitor C1, C2;
  • the inductor L1 is connected to the first bridge rectifier circuit, and the voltage regulator capacitor Cl, C2 are connected in series with the first bridge rectifier circuit;
  • the first bridge rectifier circuit comprises diodes D3, D4, D5, D6, wherein diodes D3 and D4 are connected in series to form a first series circuit, and diodes D5 and D6 are connected in series a second series circuit; the first series circuit and the second series circuit are connected in parallel to form a first bridge rectifier circuit;
  • a cathode terminal of the diode D3 is a first output end of the power unit, and a positive electrode of the voltage stabilization capacitor C2 The terminal is the second output of the power unit.
  • the power unit includes inductors LI', L2', L3', a third bridge rectifier circuit, and a voltage stabilizing capacitor CI', C2';
  • the third bridge rectifier circuit includes Diodes Dl', D2', D3', D4', D5', D6', wherein diode D1' and diode D4' are connected in series to form a first series circuit, diode D2' and diode D5' are connected in series to form a second series circuit, diode D3 And the diode D6' is connected in series to form a third series circuit; the first series circuit, the second series circuit and the third series circuit are connected in parallel to form a third bridge rectifier circuit; the inductor L1' is connected to the anode of the diode D1', The inductor L2' is connected to the anode of the diode D2', and the inductor L3' is connected to the anode of the di
  • the bootstrap driving circuit of the present invention which does not require an additional power supply, has the following advantageous effects: According to the charging and discharging of the storage capacitor in the bootstrap unit, the bootstrap driving process is completed, no additional driving power is required, and a bootstrap driving circuit without an additional power supply is formed, which overcomes the need for an extra power supply for the general driving circuit and reduces power loss. It satisfies the requirements of the circuit, and is especially suitable for applications requiring drive control of a three-phase AC-DC converter in the field of power electronics.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a circuit structure of a conventional bootstrap driving circuit.
  • FIG. 2 is a circuit diagram showing the circuit configuration of a bootstrap driving circuit for an unregulated power supply system for a single-phase power supply system according to the first embodiment.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram showing the circuit structure of a bootstrap driving circuit for an three-phase power supply system without an additional power supply according to the second embodiment.
  • switch bootstrap drive unit 3 ', switch bootstrap drive unit; 4', switch bootstrap drive unit ;
  • the invention discloses a bootstrap driving circuit without an additional power source, the circuit comprises a power unit, a switching unit, a bootstrap unit and a driving unit, the output end of the power unit is a DC voltage, and the lead end is connected to the switch unit; The output of the unit is connected to the first output and the third output of the bootstrap unit; the output of the bootstrap unit is connected to the input of the power side of the drive unit.
  • the power unit link uses a bridge type uncontrollable rectifier circuit; the switch link can use a bridge type Circuit;
  • the bootstrap unit can use a capacitor to store energy; the drive unit can use an optocoupler isolation circuit or a magnetically coupled isolation circuit.
  • the bootstrap driving circuit of the invention eliminates the need for an additional power supply, reduces the need for additional devices, makes full use of the power of the power unit, is versatile, simple in structure, and low in cost.
  • the embodiment provides a bootstrap driving circuit that does not require an additional power supply.
  • the power unit 1, the switching unit 2, the bootstrap unit 3, and the driving unit 4 are provided; the power unit is configured to output a DC voltage;
  • the switch unit is connected to the power unit for controlling communication and shutdown with the power unit;
  • the bootstrap unit is connected to the switch unit for providing a driving power source and outputting a driving signal;
  • the bootstrap unit includes a
  • the storage unit is connected to the bootstrap unit for outputting a control signal under the driving of the driving signal.
  • the bootstrap unit 3 includes a storage capacitor C3, a Zener diode WD1, and a diode D1.
  • the storage capacitor C3 is connected in series with the diode D1, and the Zener diode WD1 is connected in parallel with the storage capacitor C3.
  • the bootstrap unit 3 further includes a current limiting resistor R4.
  • the current limiting resistor R4 is connected in series between the current limiting diode D1 and the storage capacitor C3, and the Zener diode WD1 is connected in parallel with the storage capacitor C3.
  • the input of the bootstrap unit receives the output signal of the switching unit.
  • the bootstrap unit is a circuit with a storage capacitor C3 as a core, and an output end is connected to an input end of the driving unit.
  • the diode D1 can be a reverse fast recovery diode with a reverse withstand voltage of 800V.
  • the resistor R4 can be a plug-in resistor with a resistance of lk Q.
  • the capacitor C3 can be an aluminum electrolytic capacitor, 22 F/450V.
  • the Zener diode WD1 can be a conventional Zener diode.
  • the driving unit 4 includes a diode D2, resistors R5, R6, and R7, and a photocoupler OP1.
  • Diode D2 and resistor R5 are connected in parallel, one end of the resistor R5 is connected to the fifth pin of the photocoupler OP1, the other end of the resistor R5 is connected to the gate of the power device S1; the resistor R7 is connected to the first bow of the optocoupler OP1;
  • One end of the resistor R4 is connected to the fourth pin of the photocoupler OP1, and the other end of the resistor R4 is connected to the gate of the power device S1.
  • the photocoupler OP1 includes a power device power side and a control device control side that are optically coupled, the power device power side receives the driving signal, and the control device control side outputs the control signal.
  • the sixth pin of the photocoupler OP1 is connected to the anode of the capacitor C3 in the bootstrap unit.
  • the power device power side receives the driving signal, and the control device controls the side input The control signal is output.
  • the driving power input end of the driving unit (ie, the sixth pin of the optocoupler OP1) inputs a driving power source for driving the power device, and an output end of the driving unit (ie, the fifth pin of the photocoupler OP1) Connected to the control terminal of the power device (ie the gate of the power device).
  • the diode D2 can be a normal diode.
  • the resistors R5 and R6 may be chip resistors having a resistance of 100 ⁇ .
  • the resistor R7 can be a chip resistor and the resistance can be lkQ.
  • the photocoupler 0P1 can be a low speed or high speed optocoupler.
  • the input AC voltage is 220V, and all components are used with high precision.
  • the switching unit 2 includes a second bridge rectifier circuit B2, a power device SI and protection resistors R1, R2, R3; the second bridge rectifier circuit and the power device are connected in parallel; the gate of the power device and the driver The power device power side of the unit is connected to receive the driving signal; the protection resistors R1, R2, and R3 are connected in series and connected in parallel with the power device SI.
  • the second bridge rectifier circuit B2 is a bridge type uncontrolled rectifier circuit.
  • the bridge type uncontrollable rectifier circuit can be a diode-type uncontrollable rectifier bridge, and adopts a package module.
  • the protection resistors R1, R2, and R3 are plug-in resistors with a resistance of 10 (3 ⁇ 4 ⁇ , which is a high-resistance resistor.
  • the power device S1 can be an IGBT, and the gate of the power device S1 receives a driving signal.
  • the power unit 1 includes a boosting inductor L1, a first bridge rectifier circuit B1, and a voltage stabilizing capacitor Cl, C2.
  • the boost inductor is connected to the first bridge rectifier circuit, and the voltage regulator capacitors C1 and C2 are connected in series.
  • the first bridge rectifier circuit includes diodes D3, D4, D5, D6, wherein diodes D3 and D4 are connected in series to form a first series circuit, and diodes D5 and D6 are connected in series to form a second series circuit;
  • the first series circuit and the second series circuit are connected in parallel to form a first bridge rectifier circuit;
  • the cathode terminals of the diodes D3 and D5 are the first output ends of the power unit, and the anode terminals of the diodes D4 and D6 are The second output end of the power unit, the positive terminal of the voltage stabilizing capacitor C2 is the third output end of the power unit.
  • the first bridge rectifier circuit B1 is a bridge type uncontrolled rectifier circuit.
  • the bridge type uncontrollable rectifier circuit is a diode bridge rectifier circuit.
  • the inductor L1 may be an amorphous material, and has a planar structure design with a sensitivity of 750 ⁇ .
  • the uncontrollable rectifier bridge (ie, the bridge uncontrollable rectifier circuit) may be a diode type uncontrollable rectifier bridge, and adopts a package module.
  • the capacitors C1, C2 may be aluminum electrolytic capacitors, 220 (F/450V.
  • the bootstrap driving circuit of the invention without additional power supply completes the bootstrap driving process according to the charging and discharging of the storage capacitor in the bootstrap unit, and does not require an additional power supply, and forms a bootstrap driving circuit without an additional power supply, which overcomes The general drive circuit requires additional power, reduces power loss, meets the requirements of the circuit, and is suitable for various applications in the power electronics field that require drive control.
  • the bootstrap driving circuit without additional power supply according to the invention has the advantages of novel design structure, strong versatility, and the like, and has the advantages of simple structure, low cost, etc.
  • the invention can realize power supply to the driving unit by using main circuit energy.
  • the function reduces the external requirements of the circuit, and has the advantages of convenient application, simple structure, easy control and low cost.
  • the working method of the bootstrap driving circuit without additional power supply described in this embodiment is: the power frequency voltage is outputted by the first rectifier bridge.
  • the driving unit terminal is a low level signal, and the first photocoupler cannot be operated, and the gate signal of the first power device passes the sixth resistor. Pulled low to zero, the power device is turned off.
  • the power unit current passes through the first boosting inductor, the second uncontrollable rectifier bridge, the first diode, the fourth resistor, the third storage capacitor, the second uncontrollable rectifier bridge, the second capacitor, and the first uncontrollable rectifier bridge Forming a loop, the third storage capacitor voltage rises, stores energy, and clamps the voltage under the action of the first Zener diode; when the controller issues a power device turn-on signal, the drive unit terminal is a high level signal, after The seventh resistor operates the first photocoupler, and the third capacitor acts as a power source to release energy. The voltage pulls the gate voltage of the first power device through the fifth resistor to trigger its conduction, and the other portion of the energy is fed back to the sixth resistor through the sixth resistor.
  • the power unit current passes through the first boosting inductor, the second uncontrollable rectifier bridge, the parallel branch of the protection circuit formed by the first power device, the first resistor, the second resistor, and the third resistor, and the second uncontrollable rectifier bridge
  • the second capacitor and the first uncontrollable rectifier bridge form a loop, and the voltage across the first diode is negative and is forced to be turned off.
  • the driving unit terminal is a low level signal, and the first photocoupler cannot be operated, and the gate signal of the first power device is pulled through the sixth resistor. As low as zero, the power device is turned off.
  • the power unit current passes through the first uncontrollable rectifier bridge, the first capacitor, the second uncontrollable rectifier bridge, the first diode, the fourth resistor, the third storage capacitor, the second uncontrollable rectifier bridge, and the first inductor form a loop
  • the third storage capacitor voltage rises, stores energy, and is clamped under the action of the first Zener diode; when the controller issues a power device turn-on signal, the drive unit terminal is a high level signal, and passes through the seventh resistor.
  • the first photocoupler is operated, and the third capacitor acts as a power source to release energy.
  • the voltage pulls the gate voltage of the first power device through the fifth resistor to trigger the conduction thereof, and the other portion of the loop is fed back to the main circuit through the sixth resistor.
  • the power unit current passes through the first uncontrollable rectifier bridge, the first capacitor, the second uncontrollable rectifier bridge, the parallel branch of the protection circuit formed by the first power device, the first resistor, the second resistor, and the third resistor,
  • the second uncontrollable rectifier bridge and the first boost inductor form a loop, and the first diode has two ends The voltage is negative and forced to turn off.
  • the present embodiment provides a bootstrap driving circuit that can be applied to a three-phase AC power supply system without an additional power supply, that is, a bootstrap driving circuit that does not require an additional power supply in a three-phase partial active power factor correction circuit (PFC). Since bidirectional controllable switches are required in the three-phase active power factor correction circuit (PFC), each bidirectional controllable switch requires an isolated drive power supply. If the conventional scheme is used, three isolated driving power sources are required; and if the bootstrap driving circuit of the first embodiment does not require an additional power supply, the additional power supply can be omitted, the hardware cost can be saved, and the reliability can be improved.
  • PFC three-phase partial active power factor correction circuit
  • the bootstrap driving circuit provided by the embodiment without additional power supply is shown in FIG. 3, and includes a power unit and a switch bootstrap driving unit 2', a switch bootstrap driving unit 3', and a switch bootstrap driving unit 4', wherein the switch
  • the drive unit is a general term for the switch unit, the bootstrap unit, and the drive unit.
  • the power unit includes boost inductors L1', L2', L3', a third bridge rectifier circuit B3, and a voltage stabilizing capacitor Cl, C2.
  • the third bridge rectifier circuit includes diodes D1, D2', D3', D4', D5', D6', wherein diodes D1' and D4' are connected in series to form a first series circuit, and diodes D2' and D5' are connected in series to form a first a two-series circuit, diodes D3' and D6' are connected in series to form a third series circuit; the first series circuit, the second series circuit and the third series circuit are connected in parallel to form a third bridge rectifier circuit; the boost inductor L1' and The anode of diode D1' is connected to the cathode of D4, the boosting inductor L2' is connected to the anode of diode D2', the cathode of D5, and
  • the first and sixth outputs of the power unit are connected to the input of the switch bootstrap drive unit 2'; the second and sixth of the power unit are connected to the input of the switch bootstrap drive unit 3'; The sixth output is coupled to the input of the switch bootstrap drive unit 4'.
  • One power unit 1' in this embodiment can be equipped with three switch bootstrap drive units to implement bootstrap drive in a three-phase circuit.
  • the present invention can also be applied to circuits in which multiphase needs bootstrap driving.
  • the embodiment is further improved on the basis of the bootstrap driving circuit without the additional power supply described in the first embodiment. It belongs to the bootstrap driving circuit of three phases without additional power supply, and can be used in the three-phase partial active PFC. Three sets of structural phases The same single phase consists of a bootstrap drive circuit that does not require an additional power supply.
  • This embodiment is a power device bootstrap driving circuit capable of realizing three phases without an additional power supply, so that the bootstrap driving circuit has a wider application range.
  • the invention adopts a power unit, a switching unit, a bootstrap unit and a driving unit, and the power unit charges the bootstrap unit when the power switch is turned off, and thereby releases the power switch by the energy release, thereby avoiding the extra power supply.
  • the circuit makes full use of the energy of the power unit; at the same time, the whole circuit is relatively simple, requires fewer devices, and has good topology, and can be conveniently applied to the power device driving of the three-phase circuit, and the technology of the bootstrap driving circuit.
  • the field has achieved innovation. Therefore, the present invention effectively overcomes various shortcomings in the prior art and has high industrial utilization value.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Dc-Dc Converters (AREA)
  • Rectifiers (AREA)

Abstract

一种无需额外电源的自举驱动电路，包括功率单元（1）、开关单元（2）、自举单元（3）、驱动单元（4）。功率单元（1）用于输出直流电压，开关单元（2）与功率单元（1）相连，用以控制与功率单元（1）的连通与关断，自举单元（3）与开关单元（2）相连，用以提供驱动电能，输出驱动电源。自举单元（3）包括一储能电容（C3），驱动单元（4）与自举单元（3）相连，用于在驱动电源的驱动下输出控制信号。该自举驱动电路根据储能电容（C3）的充放电，完成了自举驱动过程，无需额外电源，克服了一般驱动单元需要额外电源的缺陷，降低了功率损耗，满足了电路的要求，适合三相AC-DC变换器需要驱动控制的应用场合。

Description

无需额外电源的自举驱动电路 技术领域
本发明属于电力电子技术领域， 涉及一种驱动电路， 具体涉及一种无需额外电源的自举 驱动电路。 背景技术
随着电力电子技术的发展， 电力电子变换器功率等级的不断提高， 功率器件的驱动耗能 也不断增加。 原则上， 每个可控的功率开关都需要属于自己的隔离驱动电源， 为此需要隔离 电源。 隔离电源包括线性电源和开关电源， 隔离的驱动电源数量越多， 隔离电源的设计难度 越大， 成本和体积都上升， 甚至影响***的工作效果。
现有的一种自举驱动电路如图 1所示， 其包括有控制芯片， 在控制芯片的高端开关驱动 输出供电端与电源之间连接有自举二极管， 在高端开关驱动输出电路供电端与低端开关驱动 输出电路供电端之间连接有自举电容， 在控制芯片的高端开关脉冲输出端、 低端开关脉冲输 出端上分别连接有高端开关 M0S管、 低端开关 M0S管， 高端开关 M0S管的源极与低端开关 M0S 管的漏极连接后作为驱动输出端， 该驱动输出端与低端开关驱动输出电路供电端连接， 在高端开关 M0S管的源极与所述两个开关驱动输出电路供电端之间连接有附加供电电路。
从现有的自举驱动电路可知， 传统的功率器件驱动单元需要额外的供电电源， 这使得其 应用范围不够广， 使用不够灵活， 而且成本高。 随着实践应用的扩大， 需要驱动单元的驱动 的功率器件越来越多， 传统的自举驱动电路已越来越无法满足需求， 因此设计一种结构简 单、 功能全面、 不需要额外电源的自举驱动电路已成为本领域技术人员的当务之急。 发明内容
鉴于以上所述现有技术的缺点， 本发明的目的在于提供一种无需额外电源的自举驱动电 路， 用以合理准确地测量协作无线信道的特性。
为实现上述目的及其他相关目的， 本发明提供一种无需额外电源的自举驱动电路。 一种无需额外电源的自举驱动电路， 包括功率单元、 开关单元、 自举单元、 驱动单元； 所述功率单元用以输出直流电压； 所述开关单元与功率单元相连， 用以控制与功率单元的连 通与关断； 所述自举单元与所述开关单元相连， 用以提供驱动电能， 输出驱动电源； 所述自 举单元包括一储能电容； 所述驱动单元与所述自举单元相连， 用以在所述驱动电源的驱动下 输出控制信号。
作为本发明的一种优选方案， 所述自举单元包括储能电容 C3、 稳压二极管 WD1、 二极管 Dl， 其中储能电容 C3与二极管 D1串联， 稳压二极管 WD1与储能电容 C3并联。
作为本发明的另一种优选方案， 所述自举单元还包括一电阻 R4， 所述电阻 R4串联在二 极管 D1和储能电容 C3之间。
作为本发明的再一种优选方案， 所述驱动单元包括光电耦合器， 所述光电耦合器包括功 率器件功率侧和控制器件控制侧， 所述功率器件功率侧接受所述驱动电源的驱动， 所述控制 器件控制侧输出所述控制信号。
作为本发明的再一种优选方案， 所述开关单元包括第二桥式整流电路、 功率器件； 所述 第二桥式整流电路和功率器件并联； 所述功率器件的门极与所述驱动单元中的功率器件功率 侧相连， 用以接收所述驱动电源。
作为本发明的再一种优选方案， 所述功率单元包括电感 Ll、 第一桥式整流电路、 稳压 电容 Cl、 C2; 所述电感 L1 与第一桥式整流电路相连， 所述稳压电容 Cl、 C2 串联后与第一 桥式整流电路并联； 所述第一桥式整流电路包括二极管 D3、 D4、 D5、 D6， 其中二极管 D3和 D4 串联构成第一串联电路， 二极管 D5和 D6 串联构成第二串联电路； 所述第一串联电路和 第二串联电路并联构成第一桥式整流电路； 所述二极管 D3 的阴极引出端为功率单元的第一 输出端， 所述稳压电容 C2的正极引出端为功率单元的第二输出端。
作为本发明的再一种优选方案， 所述功率单元包括电感 LI' 、 L2' 、 L3' ， 第三桥式 整流电路， 稳压电容 CI' 、 C2' ； 所述第三桥式整流电路包括二极管 Dl' 、 D2' 、 D3' 、 D4' 、 D5' 、 D6' ， 其中二极管 D1' 和二极管 D4' 串联构成第一串联电路， 二极管 D2' 和 二极管 D5' 串联构成第二串联电路， 二极管 D3' 和二极管 D6' 串联构成第三串联电路； 所 述第一串联电路、 第二串联电路和第三串联电路并联构成第三桥式整流电路； 所述电感 L1' 与二极管 D1' 的阳极相连， 电感 L2' 与二极管 D2' 的阳极相连， 电感 L3' 与二极管 D3' 的阳极相连； 所述稳压电容 CI' 、 C2' 串联后与第三桥式整流电路并联， 稳压电容 C1' 的阳极与二极管 D3' 的阴极相连， 稳压电容 C2' 的负极与二极管 D6' 的阳极相连； 二 极管 D1' 的阳极引出端为功率单元的第一输出端， 二极管 D2' 的阳极引出端为功率单元的 第二输出端， 二极管 D3' 的阳极引出端为功率单元的第三输出端， 二极管 D1' 的阴极引出 端为功率单元的第四输出端， 二极管 D4' 的阳极引出端为功率单元的第五输出端， 所述稳 压电容 C2' 的正极引出端为功率单元的第六输出端。
如上所述， 本发明所述的无需额外电源的自举驱动电路， 具有以下有益效果： 本发明根 据自举单元中储能电容的充放电， 完成了自举驱动过程， 不需额外驱动电源， 形成了无需额 外电源的自举驱动电路， 克服了一般驱动电路需要额外电源， 降低了功率损耗， 满足了电路 的要求， 尤其适合电力电子领域中具有三相 AC-DC变换器的需要驱动控制的应用场合。 附图说明
图 1为现有的自举驱动电路的电路结构原理图。
图 2为实施例一所述的用于单相供电***的无需额外电源的自举驱动电路的电路结构原 理图。
图 3为实施例二所述的用于三相供电***的无需额外电源的自举驱动电路的电路结构原 理图。 元件标号说明
1、 功率单元； 2、 开关单元；
3、 自举单元； 4、 驱动单元；
、 功率单元； 2 ' 、 开关自举驱动单元;
3 ' 、 开关自举驱动单元; 4' 、 开关自举驱动单元 ; 具体实施方式
以下通过特定的具体实例说明本发明的实施方式， 本领域技术人员可由本说明书所揭露 的内容轻易地了解本发明的其他优点与功效。 本发明还可以通过另外不同的具体实施方式加 以实施或应用， 本说明书中的各项细节也可以基于不同观点与应用， 在没有背离本发明的精 神下进行各种修饰或改变。
请参阅附图。 需要说明的是， 本实施例中所提供的图示仅以示意方式说明本发明的基本 构想， 遂图式中仅显示与本发明中有关的组件而非按照实际实施时的组件数目、 形状及尺寸 绘制， 其实际实施时各组件的型态、 数量及比例可为一种随意的改变， 且其组件布局型态也 可能更为复杂。
本发明公开了一种无需额外电源的自举驱动电路， 该电路包括功率单元、 开关单元、 自 举单元与驱动单元， 功率单元的输出端为直流电压， 另有引出端与开关单元相连； 开关单元 的输出端与自举单元的第一输出端和第三输出端相连； 自举单元的输出端与驱动单元的功率 侧的输入端相连。 其中， 功率单元环节为使用桥式不可控整流电路； 开关环节可以使用桥式 电路； 自举单元可以使用电容储能的电路； 驱动单元可以使用光耦隔离电路或磁耦合隔离电 路。 本发明的自举驱动电路无需额外的供电电源， 减少了采用额外器件的需求， 充分利用了 功率单元的能量， 通用性强， 结构简单， 成本低。
下面结合附图对本发明的具体实施方式作进一步详细说明。 实施例一
本实施例提供一种无需额外电源的自举驱动电路， 如图 2所示， 包括功率单元 1、 开关 单元 2、 自举单元 3、 驱动单元 4; 所述功率单元用以输出直流电压； 所述开关单元与功率 单元相连， 用以控制与功率单元的连通与关断； 所述自举单元与所述开关单元相连， 用以提 供驱动电源， 并输出驱动信号； 所述自举单元包括一储能电容； 所述驱动单元与所述自举单 元相连， 用以在所述驱动信号的驱动下输出控制信号。
下面对各个单元进行分别描述：
【自举单元】
所述自举单元 3包括储能电容 C3、 稳压二极管 WD1、 二极管 Dl， 其中储能电容 C3与二 极管 D1 串联， 稳压二极管 WD1与储能电容 C3并联。 所述自举单元 3还包括限流电阻 R4， 限流电阻 R4串联在限流二极管 D1和储能电容 C3之间， 稳压二极管 WD1与储能电容 C3并 联。 自举单元的输入端接受开关单元的输出信号。
所述自举单元为以储能电容 C3为核心的电路， 输出端与驱动单元的输入端相连。
所述二极管 D1可为反向快恢复二极管， 反向耐压值为 800V。
所述电阻 R4可为插件电阻， 阻值为 lk Q。
所述电容 C3可为铝电解电容， 22 F/450V。
所述稳压二极管 WD1可为普通稳压二极管。
【驱动单元】
所述的驱动单元 4包括二极管 D2、 电阻 R5、 R6、 R7、 光电耦合器 0P1。 二极管 D2和电 阻 R5并联， 电阻 R5的一端与光电耦合器 0P1的第 5引脚相连， 电阻 R5的另一端与功率器 件 S1的门极相连； 电阻 R7与光电耦合器 0P1的第 1弓 相连； 电阻 R4的一端与光电耦合 器 0P1的第 4引脚相连， 电阻 R4的另一端与功率器件 S1的门极相连。 所述光电耦合器 0P1 包括光电耦合相连的功率器件功率侧和控制器件控制侧， 所述功率器件功率侧接收所述驱动 信号， 所述控制器件控制侧输出所述控制信号。 所述光电耦合器 0P1的第 6引脚与自举单元 中的电容 C3 的正极相连。 所述功率器件功率侧接收所述驱动信号， 所述控制器件控制侧输 出所述控制信号。
所述驱动单元的驱动电源输入端 （即光电耦合器 0P1的第 6引脚） 输入的是用以驱动功 率器件的驱动电源， 驱动单元的输出端 （即光电耦合器 0P1的第 5引脚） 与功率器件的控制 端 （即功率器件的门极） 相连。
所述二极管 D2可为普通二极管。
所述电阻 R5、 R6可为贴片电阻， 阻值为 100Ω。
所述电阻 R7可为贴片电阻， 阻值可为 lkQ。
所述光电耦合器 0P1可为低速或高速光电耦合器。
本实施例中， 输入交流电压为 220V, 所有元器件均采用高精度。
【开关单元】
所述开关单元 2包括第二桥式整流电路 B2、 功率器件 SI和保护电阻 Rl、 R2、 R3; 所述 第二桥式整流电路和功率器件并联； 所述功率器件的门极与所述驱动单元中的功率器件功率 侧相连， 用以接收所述驱动信号； 所述保护电阻 Rl、 R2、 R3串联后与功率器件 SI并联。
所述第二桥式整流电路 B2 为桥式不可控整流电路。 所述桥式不可控整流电路可为二极 管式不可控整流桥， 采用封装模块。
所述的保护电阻 Rl、 R2、 R3为插件电阻， 阻值为 10(¾ Ω， 是高阻值电阻。
所述的功率器件 S1可为 IGBT, 功率器件 S1的门极接受驱动信号。
【功率单元】
所述功率单元 1包括升压电感 Ll、 第一桥式整流电路 Bl、 稳压电容 Cl、 C2; 所述升压 电感与第一桥式整流电路相连， 所述稳压电容 Cl、 C2 串联后与第一桥式整流电路并联； 所 述第一桥式整流电路包括二极管 D3、 D4、 D5、 D6， 其中二极管 D3和 D4串联构成第一串联 电路， 二极管 D5和 D6串联构成第二串联电路； 所述第一串联电路和第二串联电路并联构成 第一桥式整流电路； 所述二极管 D3、 D5 的阴极引出端为功率单元的第一输出端， 所述二极 管 D4、 D6的阳极引出端为功率单元的第二输出端， 所述稳压电容 C2的正极引出端为功率单 元的第三输出端。
所述第一桥式整流电路 B1 为桥式不可控整流电路。 所述桥式不可控整流电路为二极管 型桥式整流电路。
所述电感 L1可以为非晶体材料， 采用平面结构设计， 感值为 750μΗ。
所述不可控整流桥 （即桥式不可控整流电路） 可为二极管式不可控整流桥， 采用封装模块。
所述电容 Cl、 C2可为铝电解电容， 220( F/450V。 本发明所述的无需额外电源的自举驱动电路根据自举单元中储能电容的充放电， 完成了 自举驱动过程， 不需额外电源， 形成了无需额外电源的自举驱动电路， 克服了一般驱动电路 需要额外电源， 降低了功率损耗， 满足了电路的要求， 适合电力电子领域各种需要驱动控制 的应用场合。
本发明所述的无需额外电源的自举驱动电路具有设计结构新颖、 通用性强等特征， 同时 具有结构简单、 成本低等优点； 此外实用本发明可实现利用主电路能量完成给驱动单元供电 的功能， 减少了电路使用的外部要求， 具有应用方便， 结构简单， 控制容易与成本低廉的优 点。 采用本发明所述的无需额外电源的自举驱动电路来产生具有隔离效果的工作电源， 可以 有效利用功率单元能量， 使用方便， 设计巧妙， 具有良好的应用前景。
本实施例所述的无需额外电源的自举驱动电路的工作方法为： 工频电压经过第一整流桥输出直流电压。 同时， 在工频电压正半周， 当控制器发出功 率器件关断信号时， 驱动单元端为低电平信号， 不能使第一光电耦合器工作， 第一功率器件 的门极信号通过第六电阻被拉低到零， 功率器件关断。 功率单元电流经过第一升压电感、 第 二不可控整流桥、 第一二极管、 第四电阻、 第三储能电容、 第二不可控整流桥、 第二电容、 第一不可控整流桥构成回路， 第三储能电容电压升高， 存储能量， 并在第一稳压二极管的作 用下钳位电压； 当控制器发出功率器件导通信号时， 驱动单元端为高电平信号， 经过第七电 阻使第一光电耦合器工作， 第三电容作为电源释放能量， 此电压通过第五电阻拉高第一功率 器件的门极电压， 触发其导通， 另一部分能量通过第六电阻回馈到主电路中。 同时， 功率单 元电流经第一升压电感、 第二不可控整流桥、 第一功率器件与第一电阻、 第二电阻、 第三电 阻构成的保护电路的并联支路、 第二不可控整流桥、 第二电容、 第一不可控整流桥构成回 路， 第一二极管两端电压为负， 被迫关断。 在工频电压负半周， 当控制器发出功率器件关断 信号时， 驱动单元端为低电平信号， 不能使第一光电耦合器工作， 第一功率器件的门极信号 通过第六电阻被拉低到零， 功率器件关断。 功率单元电流经过第一不可控整流桥、 第一电 容、 第二不可控整流桥、 第一二极管、 第四电阻、 第三储能电容、 第二不可控整流桥、 第一 电感构成回路， 第三储能电容电压升高， 存储能量， 并在第一稳压二极管的作用下钳位； 当 控制器发出功率器件导通信号时， 驱动单元端为高电平信号， 经过第七电阻使第一光电耦合 器工作， 第三电容作为电源释放能量， 此电压通过第五电阻拉高第一功率器件的门极电压， 触发其导通， 另一部分回路通过第六电阻回馈到主电路中。 同时， 功率单元电流经第一不可 控整流桥、 第一电容、 第二不可控整流桥、 第一功率器件与第一电阻、 第二电阻、 第三电阻 构成的保护电路的并联支路、 第二不可控整流桥、 第一升压电感构成回路， 第一二极管两端 电压为负， 被迫关断。 实施例二
本实施例提供一种可以应用在三相交流供电***的无需额外电源的自举驱动电路， 即 三相部分有源功率因数校正电路 （PFC) 中的无需额外电源的自举驱动电路。 由于在三相部 分有源功率因数校正电路 （PFC) 中， 需要使用双向可控开关， 每只双向可控开关需要一只 隔离的驱动电源。 如果采用传统方案， 则需要三只隔离的驱动电源； 而如果采样实施例一所 述无需额外电源的自举驱动电路， 则既可以省却额外电源， 还可以节省硬件成本， 并可提高 可靠性。
本实施例提供的无需额外电源的自举驱动电路如图 3所示， 包括功率单元 和开关自 举驱动单元 2' 、 开关自举驱动单元 3' 、 开关自举驱动单元 4' ， 其中开关自举驱动单元 为开关单元、 自举单元、 驱动单元的总称。
如图 3 所示， 本实施例与实施例一的区别在于， 所述功率单元包括升压电感 L1' 、 L2' 、 L3' ， 第三桥式整流电路 B3， 稳压电容 Cl、 C2; 所述第三桥式整流电路包括二极管 Dl， 、 D2' 、 D3' 、 D4' 、 D5' 、 D6' ， 其中二极管 D1' 和 D4' 串联构成第一串联电路， 二极管 D2' 和 D5' 串联构成第二串联电路， 二极管 D3' 和 D6' 串联构成第三串联电路； 所 述第一串联电路、 第二串联电路和第三串联电路并联构成第三桥式整流电路； 所述升压电感 L1' 与二极管 D1' 的阳极、 D4 的阴极相连， 升压电感 L2' 与二极管 D2' 的阳极' 、 D5 的 阴极相连， 升压电感 L3' 与二极管 D3' 的阳极、 D6 的阴极相连； 所述稳压电容 Cl、 C2 串 联后与第三桥式整流电路并联； 二极管 D1' 的阳极引出端为功率单元的第一输出端， 二极 管 D2' 的阳极引出端为功率单元的第二输出端， 二极管 D3' 的阳极引出端为功率单元的第 三输出端， 二极管 D1' 的阴极引出端为功率单元的第四输出端， 二极管 D4' 的阴极引出端 为功率单元的第五输出端， 稳压电容 C2 的阳极引出端为功率单元的第六输出端。 功率单元 的第一和第六输出端与开关自举驱动单元 2' 的输入端相连； 功率单元 的第二和第六 与开关自举驱动单元 3' 的输入端相连； 功率单元 的第三和第六输出端与开关自举驱动 单元 4' 的输入端相连。
本实施例中的一个功率单元 1' 可以配备 3个开关自举驱动单元， 从而实现三相电路中 的自举驱动。 同理可推知， 本发明还可应用于多相需要自举驱动的电路。
本实施例在实施例一所述的无需额外电源的自举驱动电路基础上做了进一步改进， 其属 于三相无需额外电源的自举驱动电路， 可用于三相部分有源 PFC中， 可看作是由三组结构相 同的单相无需额外电源的自举驱动电路组成。
本实施例是能够实现三相无需额外电源的功率器件自举驱动电路， 使得该自举驱动电路 的应用范围更广。
本发明采用一种由功率单元、 开关单元、 自举单元与驱动单元构成， 由功率单元在功率 开关关断时向自举单元充能， 并由此能量释放开通功率开关， 避免了额外的电源电路， 充分 利用了功率单元的能量； 同时整个电路较为简单， 所需器件较少， 同时具有良好的拓扑性， 可方便的应用于三相电路的功率器件驱动中， 在自举驱动电路的技术领域实现了创新。 所以， 本发明有效克服了现有技术中的种种缺点而具高度产业利用价值。
上述实施例仅例示性说明本发明的原理及其功效， 而非用于限制本发明。 任何熟悉此技 术的人士皆可在不违背本发明的精神及范畴下， 对上述实施例进行修饰或改变。 因此， 举凡 所属技术领域中具有通常知识者在未脱离本发明所揭示的精神与技术思想下所完成的一切等 效修饰或改变， 仍应由本发明的权利要求所涵盖。

Claims

权利要求书 、 一种无需额外电源的自举驱动电路， 其特征在于， 所述无需额外电源的自举驱动电路包 括：
功率单元， 用以输出直流电压；
开关单元， 与功率单元相连， 用以控制与功率单元的连通与关断；
自举单元， 与所述开关单元相连， 用以提供驱动电能， 输出驱动电源； 所述自举单 元包括一储能电容；
驱动单元， 与所述自举单元相连， 用以在所述驱动电源的驱动下输出控制信号。 、 根据权利要求 1 所述的无需额外电源的自举驱动电路， 其特征在于： 所述自举单元包括 储能电容 C3、 稳压二极管 WD1、 二极管 Dl， 其中储能电容 C3与二极管 D1串联， 稳压二 极管 WD1与储能电容 C3并联。 、 根据权利要求 2 所述的无需额外电源的自举驱动电路， 其特征在于： 所述自举单元还包 括一电阻 R4， 所述电阻 R4串联在二极管 D1和储能电容 C3之间。 、 根据权利要求 1 所述的无需额外电源的自举驱动电路， 其特征在于： 所述驱动单元包括 光电耦合器， 所述光电耦合器包括功率器件功率侧和控制器件控制侧， 所述功率器件功 率侧接受所述驱动电源的驱动， 所述控制器件控制侧输出所述控制信号。 、 根据权利要求 4 所述的无需额外电源的自举驱动电路， 其特征在于： 所述开关单元包括 第二桥式整流电路、 功率器件； 所述第二桥式整流电路和功率器件并联； 所述功率器件 的门极与所述驱动单元中的功率器件功率侧相连， 用以接收所述驱动电源。 、 根据权利要求 1 所述的无需额外电源的自举驱动电路， 其特征在于： 所述功率单元包括 电感 Ll、 第一桥式整流电路、 稳压电容 Cl、 C2 ; 所述电感 L1 与第一桥式整流电路相 连， 所述稳压电容 Cl、 C2串联后与第一桥式整流电路并联； 所述第一桥式整流电路包括 二极管 D3、 D4、 D5、 D6， 其中二极管 D3和 D4串联构成第一串联电路， 二极管 D5和 D6 串联构成第二串联电路； 所述第一串联电路和第二串联电路并联构成第一桥式整流电 路； 所述二极管 D3 的阴极、 D5 的阴极引出端为功率单元的第一输出端， 所述二极管 D4 的阳极、 D6 的阳极引出端为功率单元的第二输出端， 所述稳压电容 C2 的正极、 C1 的负 极引出端为功率单元的第三输出端。 、 根据权利要求 1 所述的无需额外电源的自举驱动电路， 其特征在于： 所述功率单元包括 电感 LI' 、 L2' 、 L3' ， 第三桥式整流电路， 稳压电容 CI' 、 C2' ； 所述第三桥式整流 电路包括二极管 Dl' 、 D2' 、 D3' 、 D4' 、 D5' 、 D6' ， 其中二极管 D1' 和二极管 D4' 串联构成第一串联电路， 二极管 D2' 和二极管 D5' 串联构成第二串联电路， 二极管 D3' 和二极管 D6' 串联构成第三串联电路； 所述第一串联电路、 第二串联电路和第三串 联电路并联构成第三桥式整流电路； 所述电感 L1' 与二极管 D1' 的阳极相连， 电感 L2' 与二极管 D2' 的阳极相连， 电感 L3' 与二极管 D3' 的阳极相连； 所述稳压电容 CI' 、 C2' 串联后与第三桥式整流电路并联， 稳压电容 C1' 的正极与二极管 D3' 的阴极 相连， 稳压电容 C2' 的负极与二极管 D6' 的阳极相连； 二极管 D1' 的阳极引出端为功 率单元的第一输出端， 二极管 D2' 的阳极引出端为功率单元的第二输出端， 二极管 D3' 的阳极引出端为功率单元的第三输出端， 二极管 D1' 的阴极引出端为功率单元的第四输 出端， 二极管 D4' 的阴极引出端为功率单元的第五输出端， 所述稳压电容 C2' 的阳极引 出端为功率单元的第六输出端。
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