WO2013062354A2 - Procédé et dispositif pour une coordination d'interférences entre les cellules dans un système de communication sans fil - Google Patents

Procédé et dispositif pour une coordination d'interférences entre les cellules dans un système de communication sans fil Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2013062354A2
WO2013062354A2 PCT/KR2012/008861 KR2012008861W WO2013062354A2 WO 2013062354 A2 WO2013062354 A2 WO 2013062354A2 KR 2012008861 W KR2012008861 W KR 2012008861W WO 2013062354 A2 WO2013062354 A2 WO 2013062354A2
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Prior art keywords
abs
subframe
cell
downlink
pattern information
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PCT/KR2012/008861
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English (en)
Korean (ko)
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WO2013062354A9 (fr
WO2013062354A3 (fr
Inventor
김은선
서한별
김기준
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엘지전자 주식회사
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Priority to US14/353,476 priority Critical patent/US9520970B2/en
Publication of WO2013062354A2 publication Critical patent/WO2013062354A2/fr
Publication of WO2013062354A3 publication Critical patent/WO2013062354A3/fr
Publication of WO2013062354A9 publication Critical patent/WO2013062354A9/fr

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L5/00—Arrangements affording multiple use of the transmission path
    • H04L5/003—Arrangements for allocating sub-channels of the transmission path
    • H04L5/0032—Distributed allocation, i.e. involving a plurality of allocating devices, each making partial allocation
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W52/00—Power management, e.g. TPC [Transmission Power Control], power saving or power classes
    • H04W52/04—TPC
    • H04W52/18—TPC being performed according to specific parameters
    • H04W52/24—TPC being performed according to specific parameters using SIR [Signal to Interference Ratio] or other wireless path parameters
    • H04W52/243—TPC being performed according to specific parameters using SIR [Signal to Interference Ratio] or other wireless path parameters taking into account interferences
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04J—MULTIPLEX COMMUNICATION
    • H04J11/00—Orthogonal multiplex systems, e.g. using WALSH codes
    • H04J11/0023—Interference mitigation or co-ordination
    • H04J11/005—Interference mitigation or co-ordination of intercell interference
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04J—MULTIPLEX COMMUNICATION
    • H04J11/00—Orthogonal multiplex systems, e.g. using WALSH codes
    • H04J11/0023—Interference mitigation or co-ordination
    • H04J11/005—Interference mitigation or co-ordination of intercell interference
    • H04J11/0053—Interference mitigation or co-ordination of intercell interference using co-ordinated multipoint transmission/reception
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L5/00—Arrangements affording multiple use of the transmission path
    • H04L5/003—Arrangements for allocating sub-channels of the transmission path
    • H04L5/0032—Distributed allocation, i.e. involving a plurality of allocating devices, each making partial allocation
    • H04L5/0035—Resource allocation in a cooperative multipoint environment
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L5/00—Arrangements affording multiple use of the transmission path
    • H04L5/003—Arrangements for allocating sub-channels of the transmission path
    • H04L5/0053—Allocation of signaling, i.e. of overhead other than pilot signals
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L5/00—Arrangements affording multiple use of the transmission path
    • H04L5/003—Arrangements for allocating sub-channels of the transmission path
    • H04L5/0058—Allocation criteria
    • H04L5/0073—Allocation arrangements that take into account other cell interferences
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W24/00—Supervisory, monitoring or testing arrangements
    • H04W24/08—Testing, supervising or monitoring using real traffic
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W24/00—Supervisory, monitoring or testing arrangements
    • H04W24/10—Scheduling measurement reports ; Arrangements for measurement reports
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W52/00—Power management, e.g. TPC [Transmission Power Control], power saving or power classes
    • H04W52/04—TPC
    • H04W52/30—TPC using constraints in the total amount of available transmission power
    • H04W52/32—TPC of broadcast or control channels
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W52/00—Power management, e.g. TPC [Transmission Power Control], power saving or power classes
    • H04W52/04—TPC
    • H04W52/38—TPC being performed in particular situations
    • H04W52/40—TPC being performed in particular situations during macro-diversity or soft handoff
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W72/00—Local resource management
    • H04W72/20—Control channels or signalling for resource management
    • H04W72/23—Control channels or signalling for resource management in the downlink direction of a wireless link, i.e. towards a terminal
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W72/00—Local resource management
    • H04W72/20—Control channels or signalling for resource management
    • H04W72/27—Control channels or signalling for resource management between access points
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W52/00—Power management, e.g. TPC [Transmission Power Control], power saving or power classes
    • H04W52/04—TPC
    • H04W52/30—TPC using constraints in the total amount of available transmission power
    • H04W52/36—TPC using constraints in the total amount of available transmission power with a discrete range or set of values, e.g. step size, ramping or offsets
    • H04W52/367—Power values between minimum and maximum limits, e.g. dynamic range
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W52/00—Power management, e.g. TPC [Transmission Power Control], power saving or power classes
    • H04W52/04—TPC
    • H04W52/38—TPC being performed in particular situations
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W72/00—Local resource management
    • H04W72/04—Wireless resource allocation
    • H04W72/044—Wireless resource allocation based on the type of the allocated resource
    • H04W72/0446—Resources in time domain, e.g. slots or frames
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02D—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES [ICT], I.E. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES AIMING AT THE REDUCTION OF THEIR OWN ENERGY USE
    • Y02D30/00—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks
    • Y02D30/70—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks in wireless communication networks

Definitions

  • the following description relates to a wireless communication system, and more particularly, to a method and apparatus for coordinating and reducing inter-cell interference in a wireless communication system.
  • heterogeneous network refers to a network in which the macro base station 110 and the micro base station 120 coexist, even if the same radio access technology (RAT) is used.
  • RAT radio access technology
  • the macro base station 110 has a wide coverage (service providing area) and high transmit power, and means a general base station of a wireless communication system.
  • Macro base station 110 may be referred to as a macro cell.
  • the micro base station 120 may be referred to as, for example, a micro cell, a pico cell, a femto cell, a home eNB (HeNB), a relay, or the like.
  • HeNB home eNB
  • the micro base station 120 is a small version of the macro base station 110, and can operate independently while performing most of the functions of the macro base station, and may be over-layed in the area covered by the macro base station or not covered by the macro base station. It is a base station of the non-over lay type.
  • the micro base station 120 may accommodate fewer terminals with narrower coverage and lower transmission power than the macro base station 110.
  • the terminal 130 may be directly served by the macro base station 110 (hereinafter referred to as a macro-terminal) or may be served by the micro base station 120 (hereinafter referred to as a micro-terminal). In some cases, the terminal 130 that is within the coverage of the micro base station 120 may be served from the macro base station 110.
  • a state in which the terminal 130 is connected to the micro matrix 12′0 is illustrated as an example.
  • the micro base station may be classified into two types according to the access restriction of the terminal. The first type is a closed subscriber group (CSG) micro base station, and the second type is an open access (OA) or 0pen subscriber group (0SG) micro base station.
  • the CSG micro base station may serve only authorized specific terminals, and the 0SG micro base station may serve all terminals without additional access restriction.
  • the macro base station 110 may be used. Interference may occur due to a strong signal from the signal. Alternatively, when the terminal served by the macro base station is adjacent to the micro base station, interference may occur in a signal from the macro base station received by the terminal due to the strong signal from the micro base station. Such interference may be referred to as intercell interference, and the above-described example relates to intercell interference occurring in downlink from the base station to the terminal. Similarly, inter-cell interference may occur in uplink from the terminal to the base station.
  • interference to neighboring cells can be reduced.
  • a method of increasing the performance of the entire system while reducing interference to neighbor cells by performing downlink data transmission with reduced transmission power rather than completely eliminating downlink data transmission has been discussed.
  • information indicating strong uplink interference on a specific frequency resource or information indicating that uplink transmission causing strong interference in a specific frequency resource may be utilized. have.
  • the uplink subframe associated with the corresponding downlink subframe There is no uplink transmission.
  • acknowledgment (ACK / NACK) information indicating whether the downlink data is successfully received may be transmitted uplink in subframe n + k, but inter-cell interference coordination is performed.
  • ACK / NACK acknowledgment/ NACK
  • the downlink data transmission is not performed in the subframe n by the operation, it can be seen that there is no uplink transmission in the subframe n + k. In this case, since there is no uplink transmission in subframe n + k, information for inter-cell interference in the frequency region is ignored.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide a method of determining a downlink subframe pattern using a subframe pattern in which uplink transmission is not performed.
  • a method for receiving subframe pattern information of a first cell by a second cell includes downlink ABS (Almost Bl ank subframe) pattern information of the first cell. And receiving uplink ABS pattern information in the second cell, wherein the downlink ABS pattern information does not distinguish between the first and second type ABSs set by the first cell and the downlink ABS pattern information.
  • ABS pattern information and the phase ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ o pattern eu information ⁇ and eu ⁇ sec ⁇ sangkeo eu claim eu may be 1 eusel yo eu Chapter eu group the first and second type of ABS pattern is identified (i dent i fy) of .
  • a base station apparatus of a second cell that receives subframe pattern information of a first cell includes: transmission modules for transmitting a signal to the outside; Reception modes for receiving signals from the outside; And a processor for controlling the base station apparatus, wherein the processor is configured to receive downlink ABS (Almost Blank Subframe) pattern information and uplink ABS pattern information of the first cell through the receiving modules;
  • the downlink ABS pattern information does not distinguish between the first and second type ABSs set by the first cell, and is based on the downlink ABS pattern information and the uplink ABS pattern information.
  • the first and second type ABS patterns can be identified (ident i fy).
  • the subframe ⁇ is the first type.
  • the servo frame ⁇ is indicated as ABS in the downlink ABS pattern information
  • the subframe n + k is not indicated as the uplink ABS in the uplink ABS pattern information
  • the subframe n May be identified as the second type ABS.
  • k may be 4.
  • the first type ABS may be a zero power-almost blank subframe (z-ABS), and the second type ABS may be a reduced power-ABS (r-ABS).
  • ABS status information for the uplink ABS may be fed back from the second cell to the first cell.
  • a method for receiving a subframe pattern information of a first shell by a second shell is a downlink (AImost Blank Subframe) pattern of the first cell.
  • a base station apparatus of a second cell that receives subframe pattern information of a first cell includes: transmission modules for transmitting a signal to the outside; Receiving modules for receiving a signal from the outside; And a processor for controlling the base station apparatus, wherein the processor is configured to receive downlink ABS (Almost Blank Subframe) pattern information of the first cell and transmit power information of the downlink ABS through the receiving module. And the downlink ABS pattern information distinguishes the first and the second type ABS set by the first cell, and based on the first and the second type ABS, the uplink ABS pattern of the first cell. This can be identified.
  • subframe n + k is identified as an uplink ABS
  • subframe n + k is an uplink general subframe.
  • k may be 4.
  • a frequency domain inter-cell interference coordination (ICIC) message may be transmitted to the second cell by the first cell.
  • subframe n is the first type ABS
  • the frequency domain ICIC message for subframe n + k is determined to be invalid
  • subframe n is the second type ABS
  • subframe n The frequency domain ICIC message for + k may be determined to be valid.
  • k may be 4.
  • the frequency domain ICIC message may include one or more of 101 (Interference Overload Indication) or HI I (High Interference Indication).
  • the first type ABS may be a z-ABS (zero power-Almost Blank Subframe)
  • the second type ABS may be a reduced power-ABS (r-ABS).
  • a method for correctly interpreting uplink frequency-domain inter-cell interference coordination information is provided.
  • Downlink subframe pattern Determination may be provided.
  • FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating a heterogeneous network wireless communication system.
  • FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating a structure of a downlink radio frame.
  • 3 is a diagram illustrating a resource grid in a downlink slot.
  • FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating a structure of a downlink subframe.
  • 5 is a diagram illustrating a structure of an uplink subframe.
  • FIG. 6 is a configuration diagram of a wireless communication system having multiple antennas.
  • FIG. 7 is a diagram illustrating a CRS and a DRS pattern defined in an existing 3GPP LTE system.
  • 8 illustrates an uplink subframe structure including an SRS symbol.
  • 9 is a view showing an example of the implementation of the transceiver function of the FDD mode repeater.
  • 10 is a diagram for explaining transmission of a terminal from a repeater and downlink transmission from a base station to a repeater.
  • FIG. 11 is a diagram illustrating a relationship between a downlink (DL) ABS pattern and an uplink (UL) ABS pattern.
  • FIG. 12 is a flowchart illustrating a method of transmitting and receiving subframe pattern information between base stations according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 13 is a diagram illustrating a configuration of a base station apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention. [Specific contents to carry out invention]
  • each component or feature is optional unless stated otherwise. May be considered. Each component or feature may be embodied in a form that is not combined with other components or features. In addition, some components and / or features may be combined to form an embodiment of the present invention. The order of the operations described in the embodiments of the present invention may be changed. Some configurations or features of one embodiment may be included in another embodiment and may be replaced with alternative configurations or features of another embodiment.
  • the base station has a meaning as a terminal node of the network that directly communicates with the terminal. Certain operations described as being performed by the base station in this document may be performed by an upper node of the base station in some cases.
  • a 'base station (BS)' may be replaced by terms such as a fixed station, a Node B, an eNode B (eNB), and an access point (AP).
  • the repeater may be replaced by terms such as relay node (RN) and relay station (RS).
  • RN relay node
  • RS relay station
  • terminal may be replaced with terms such as UEC User Equipment (MSC), Mobile Station (MS), Mobile Subscriber Station (MSS), and SSCSubscriber Station (MSS).
  • Embodiments of the present invention are wireless communication systems such as IEEE 802 system, 3GPP system, 3GPP LTE, and (Sec. It may be supported by the disclosed standard documents. That is, among the embodiments of the present invention Steps or portions not described in order to clearly reveal the technical spirit of the invention may be supported by the above documents. In addition, all terms disclosed in this document may be described by the above standard document.
  • CDMA code division multiple access
  • FDMA frequency division multiple access
  • TDMA time division multiple access
  • FDMA zero frequency frequency division multiple access
  • SC-FDMA Single
  • CDMA may be implemented by a radio technology such as UTRAOJniversal Terrestrial Radio Access) or CDMA2000.
  • TDMA can be implemented with wireless technologies such as Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) / Gener a 1 Packet Radio Service (GPRS) / Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolut ion (EDGE).
  • GSM Global System for Mobile Communications
  • GPRS Packet Radio Service
  • EDGE Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolut ion
  • FDMA can be implemented with wireless technologies such as IEEE 802.11 (Wi-Fi), IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX), IEEE 802-20, Evolved UTRA (E-UTRA), etc.
  • UTRA is a Universal Mobile Tele Mimunications System (UMTS).
  • the 3rd Generat ion Partnership Project (3GPP) LTEC long term evolut ion (3GPP) is part of the Evolved UMTS (E-UMTS) using E-UTRA, which employs 0FDMA in downlink and SC-FDMA in uplink.
  • 3GPP LTEC long term evolut ion (3GPP) is part of the Evolved UMTS (E-UMTS) using E-UTRA, which employs 0FDMA in downlink and SC-FDMA in uplink.
  • LTE-A Advanced
  • 3GPP LTE Evolution of 3GPP LTE.
  • WiMAX can be described by the IEEE 802.16e standard (WirelessMAN-OFDMA Reference System) and the advanced IEEE 802.16m standard (WirelessMAN-OFDMA Advanced system).
  • IEEE 802.16e WiMA-OFDMA Reference System
  • advanced IEEE 802.16m WiMA-OFDMA Advanced system
  • a structure of a downlink radio frame will be described with reference to FIG. 2.
  • uplink / downlink data packet transmission is performed in subframe units, and one subframe is defined as a predetermined time interval including a plurality of 0FDM symbols.
  • the 3GPP LTE standard supports a type 1 radio frame structure applicable to frequency division duplex (FDD) and a type 2 radio frame structure applicable to time division duplex (TDD).
  • FDD frequency division duplex
  • TDD time division duplex
  • a radio frame consists of 10 subframes, and one subframe consists of two slots in the time domain.
  • the time it takes for one subframe to be transmitted is called a transmission time interval ( ⁇ ).
  • one subframe may have a length of 1 ms and one slot may have a length of 0.5 ms.
  • One slot includes a plurality of OFDM symbols in the time domain and includes a plurality of resource blocks (RBs) in the frequency domain.
  • RBs resource blocks
  • a resource block (RB) is a resource allocation unit and may include a plurality of consecutive subcarriers in one slot.
  • the number of 0FDM symbols included in one slot may vary depending on the configuration of the CP Cyclic Prefix ( ⁇ : 011 ⁇ 3 ⁇ 011).
  • CP has an extended CP (extended CP) and the normal CP normal CP (CP).
  • extended CP extended CP
  • CP normal CP normal CP
  • the number of 0FDM symbols included in one slot may be seven.
  • the 0FDM symbol is configured by the extended CP, since the length of one 0FDM symbol is increased, the number of 0FDM symbols included in one slot is smaller than that of the normal CP.
  • the number of 0FDM symbols included in one slot may be six. If the channel state is unstable, such as when the terminal moves at a high speed, an extended CP may be used to further reduce intersymbol interference.
  • one slot When a normal CP is used, one slot includes 7 0FDM symbols, and thus, one subframe includes 14 0FDM symbols.
  • the first two or three 0FDM symbols of each subframe may be allocated to a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH), and the remaining 0FDM symbols may be allocated to a physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH).
  • PDCCH physical downlink control channel
  • PDSCH physical downlink shared channel
  • Type 2B is a diagram illustrating the structure of a type 2 radio frame.
  • Type 2 radio frames consist of two half frames, each of which has five subframes and one (-Dewn-H P— & t me—
  • UpPTS Uplink Pilot Time Slot
  • DwPTS is used for initial cell search, synchronization or channel estimation at the terminal.
  • UpPTS is used for channel estimation at the base station and synchronization of uplink transmission of the terminal.
  • the guard period is a period for removing interference generated in the uplink due to the multipath delay of the downlink signal between the uplink and the downlink.
  • one subframe consists of two slots regardless of the radio frame type.
  • the structure of the radio frame is merely an example, and the number of subframes included in the radio frame or the number of slots included in the subframe and the number of symbols included in the slot may be variously changed.
  • FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating a resource grid in a downlink slot.
  • One downlink slot includes seven OFDM symbols in the time domain, and one resource block (RB) is shown to include 12 subcarriers in the frequency domain, but the present invention is not limited thereto.
  • one slot includes 7 OFDM symbols, whereas in case of an extended CP, one slot may include 6 OFDM symbols.
  • Each element on the resource grid is called a resource element.
  • One resource block contains 12X7 resource elements.
  • the number of N DLs of resource blocks included in the downlink slot depends on the downlink transmission bandwidth.
  • the structure of the uplink slot may be the same as the structure of the downlink slot.
  • FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating a structure of a downlink subframe.
  • Up to three OFDM symbols at the front of the first slot in one subframe correspond to a control region to which a control channel is allocated.
  • the remaining OFDM symbols correspond to data regions to which a physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) is allocated.
  • Downlink control channels used in the 3GPP LTE system include, for example, a physical control format indicator channel (PCFICH), a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH), a physical HARQ indicator channel. (Physical Hybrid automatic repeat request Indicaloj Chame_L—ffii) — 3 ⁇ 4 ⁇ PGF4ffi
  • the PHICH includes a HARQ ACK / NACK signal as a male answer for uplink transmission.
  • Control information transmitted through the PDCCH is referred to as downlink control information (DCI).
  • DCI includes uplink or downlink scheduling information or an uplink transmit power control command for a certain terminal group.
  • the PDCCH includes a resource allocation and transmission format of a downlink shared channel (DL-SCH), resource allocation information of an uplink shared channel (UL—SCH), paging information of a paging channel (PCH), system information on a DL-SCH, and a PDSCH.
  • Resource allocation of a higher layer control message such as a random access response transmitted to a mobile station, a set of transmit power control commands for individual terminals in an arbitrary terminal group, transmission power control information, and activation of VoIPCVoice over IP). It may include.
  • a plurality of PDCCHs may be transmitted in the control region.
  • the terminal may monitor the plurality of PDCCHs.
  • the PDCCH is transmitted in an aggregation of one or more consecutive Control Channel Elements (CCEs).
  • CCE is a logical allocation unit used to provide a PDCCH at a coding rate based on the state of a radio channel.
  • the CCE processes multiple resource element groups.
  • the format of the PDCCH and the number of available bits are determined according to the correlation between the number of CCEs and the coding rate provided by the CCEs.
  • the base station determines the PDCCH format according to the DCI transmitted to the terminal, and adds a cyclic redundancy check (CRC) to the control information.
  • CRC cyclic redundancy check
  • the CRC is masked with an identifier called Radio Network Temporary Identifier (RNTI) according to the owner or purpose of the PDCCH. If the PDCCH is for a specific terminal, the cell-RNTKC-RNTI) identifier of the terminal may be masked to the CRC.
  • RNTI Radio Network Temporary Identifier
  • a paging indicator identifier may be masked to the CRC.
  • the PDCCH is for system information (more specifically, system information block (SIB))
  • SIB system information block
  • RNTKSI-RNTI random access -RNTI
  • RA-RNTI random access -RNTI
  • FIG. 5 shows that the subframe can be divided into a control region and a data region in the frequency domain.
  • a physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) including uplink control information is allocated to the control region.
  • a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) including user data is allocated.
  • PUCCH for one UE is allocated to an RB pair in a subframe.
  • Resource blocks belonging to a resource block pair occupy different subcarriers for two slots. This is called that the resource block pair allocated to the PUCCH is frequency-hopped at the slot boundary.
  • FIG. 6 is a configuration diagram of a wireless communication system having multiple antennas.
  • the theoretical channel transmission is proportional to the number of antennas unlike the case where only a plurality of antennas are used in a transmitter or a receiver. Dose is increased. Therefore, the transmission rate can be improved and the frequency efficiency can be significantly improved. As the channel transmission capacity increases, the transmission rate is theoretically
  • the research trends related to multi-antennas to date include the study of information theory aspects related to the calculation of multi-antenna communication capacity in various channel environments and multi-access environments, the study of wireless channel measurement and model derivation of multi-antenna systems, and the improvement of transmission and reception L Research is being actively conducted from various viewpoints, such as research on space-time signal processing technology for improving data rate.
  • the communication method in a multi-antenna system will be described in more detail using mathematical modeling. It is assumed that there are ⁇ transmit antennas and ⁇ receive antennas in the system.
  • the transmission information may be expressed as follows.
  • Each transmission information may be different in transmission power.
  • the transmission information whose transmission power is adjusted can be expressed as follows.
  • S may be expressed as follows using the diagonal matrix P of the transmission power. [Equation 4]
  • weight matrix W is applied to the information vector S whose transmission power is adjusted to form yi ⁇ transmission signals, 3 ⁇ 4, 3 ⁇ 4, which are actually transmitted.
  • the weighting matrix w plays a role in properly distributing transmission information to each antenna according to a transmission channel situation.
  • ⁇ 1 »» ''' , " ⁇ can be expressed using the vector X as
  • ⁇ denotes a weight between the ' ' th transmission antenna and the / th information.
  • W is also called a precoding matrix.
  • reception signals ⁇ '''' * N S of each antenna may be expressed as a vector as follows.
  • channels When modeling a channel in a multi-antenna wireless communication system, channels may be classified according to transmit / receive antenna indexes.
  • the channel from the transmitting antenna to the receiving antenna / will be denoted by. Note that the order of the indices in 3 ⁇ 4 is the receive antenna index first and the transmit antenna index later.
  • FIG. 6 (b) shows a channel from yVr transmit antennas to a receive antenna /.
  • the channels may be bundled and displayed in the form of a vector and a matrix.
  • a channel arriving from a total of ⁇ transmit antennas to a receive antenna / may be represented as follows.
  • the real channel is added with Additive White Gaussian Noise (AWGN) after passing through the channel matrix H.
  • AWGN Additive White Gaussian Noise
  • the white noise «i» "2,:-'S3 ⁇ 4 added to each of the N R receive antennas may be expressed as follows.
  • the received signal may be expressed as follows through the above-described mathematical modeling.
  • the number of rows and columns of the channel matrix H indicating the channel state is determined by the number of transmit and receive antennas.
  • the number of rows in the channel matrix H is equal to the number of receive antennas, and the number of columns is equal to the number of transmit antennas.
  • the channel matrix H is
  • the rank of a matrix is defined as the minimum number of rows or columns that are independent of each other. Thus, the tank of the matrix cannot be larger than the number of rows or columns.
  • the tank m "A; (H) of the channel matrix H is limited as follows.
  • the transmitted packet may be transmitted through a wireless channel, which may cause distortion of a signal during transmission.
  • the distortion In order to correctly receive the distorted signal at the receiving end, the distortion must be corrected in the received signal using the channel information.
  • a signal known to both the transmitting side and the receiving side is transmitted, and a method of finding the channel information with a distortion degree when the signal is received through the channel is mainly used.
  • the signal is called a pilot signal or a reference signal.
  • the downlink reference signal includes a common reference signal (CRS) shared by all terminals in a cell and a dedicated reference signal (DRS) only for a specific terminal.
  • CRS common reference signal
  • DRS dedicated reference signal
  • Receiving side estimates channel status from CRS
  • An indicator related to channel quality such as an indicator, a PMK Precoding Matrix Index, and / or a Rank Indicator, may be fed back to the transmitting side (base station).
  • the CRS may be called a cell-specific reference signal.
  • RS related to feedback of Channel State Information (CSI) such as CQI / PMI / RI may be separately defined as CSI-RS.
  • FIG. 7 is a diagram illustrating a pattern in which CRSs and DRSs defined in an existing 3GPP LTE system (eg, Release-8) are mapped onto a downlink resource block pair (RB pair).
  • a downlink resource block pair as a unit to which a reference signal is mapped may be expressed in units of 12 subcarriers on one subframe X frequency in time. That is, one resource block pair has 14 OFDM symbol lengths in the case of general CP (FIG. 7 (a)) and 12 OFDM symbol lengths in the case of extended CP (FIG. 7 (b)).
  • FIG. 7 shows a position of a reference signal on a resource block pair in a system in which a base station supports four transmit antennas.
  • resource elements RE denoted by '0', '1', '2' and '3' indicate positions of CRSs for antenna port indexes 0, 1, 2, and 3, respectively.
  • the resource element denoted as 'D' in FIG. 7 indicates the position of the DRS.
  • the CRS is used for estimating the channel of the physical antenna terminal, and is a reference signal that can be commonly received by all UEs in the cell, and is distributed over the entire band.
  • CRS could be used for channel state information (CSI) acquisition and data demodulation purposes.
  • CSI channel state information
  • the CRS is defined in various forms according to the antenna configuration of the transmitting side (base station).
  • the 3GPP LTE (eg, Release-8) system supports various antenna configurations, and the downlink signal transmitting side (base station) uses three types of antenna configurations such as a single antenna, two transmitting antennas, and four transmitting antennas.
  • a reference signal for a single antenna port is arranged.
  • reference signals for two antenna ports are arranged in a time division multiplexing and / or frequency division multiplexing scheme. That is, reference signals for the two antenna ports may be arranged in different time resources and / or different frequency resources to be distinguished from each other.
  • the base station transmits 4 antennas
  • reference signals for 4 antenna ports are arranged in a TDM / FDM scheme.
  • Downlink ⁇ Preferred Receiving through CRS The estimated channel information of ⁇ at side T is single antenna transmission and transmit diversity.
  • Transmission techniques such as diversity, closed-loop spatial multiplexing, open-loop spatial multiplexing, and multi-user MIMO (MU-MIMO)
  • MU-MIMO multi-user MIMO
  • Equation 12 The rule in which the CRS is mapped onto the resource block is according to Equation 12 below.
  • Equation 12 k is a subcarrier index, / is a heartbeat index, and is an antenna port index. Is the number of OFDM symbols in one downlink slot,
  • Sal ID means Sal ID. mod stands for modal operation.
  • the position of the reference signal depends on the V shlit value. Since the V shift value also depends on the cell ID, the position of the reference signal has a different frequency shift value for each cell.
  • the position on the frequency domain of the CRS may be shifted for each cell to be different.
  • a reference signal is located every 3 subcarriers
  • one cell may be arranged on a 3k subcarrier and another cell on a 3k + l subcarrier.
  • the reference signal is arranged at 6 RE intervals (ie, 6 subcarrier intervals) in the frequency domain, and maintains 3 RE intervals in the frequency domain from the RE where reference signals for other antenna ports are arranged.
  • Power boosting may be applied to the CRS.
  • Power boosting means that power is taken from a non-RE that is allocated for a reference signal among resource elements (REs) of one OFDM symbol and transmitted with a higher power.
  • reference signal positions are arranged at regular intervals starting from the symbol index (/) 0 of each slot.
  • the time interval is defined differently depending on the CP length.
  • the general CP case is located at the symbolic indexes 0 and 4 of the slot
  • the extended CP case is located at the symbol indexes 0 and 3 of the slot.
  • Only one reference signal is defined for up to two antenna ports in one OFDM symbol. Therefore, when transmitting 4 transmit antennas, the reference signals for antenna ports 0 and 1 are located at symbol indexes 0 and 4 of slots (symbol indexes 0 and 3 for extended CP), and the reference signals for antenna ports 2 and 3 It is located at symbol index 1 of the slot.
  • the frequency positions of the reference signals for antenna ports 2 and 3 are switched to each other in the second slot.
  • a system with an extended antenna configuration (eg, an LTE-A system) can be designed.
  • the extended antenna configuration may be, for example, eight transmit antenna configurations.
  • the terminals operating in the existing antenna configuration are supported, that is, backward compatibility (backward compa ty) is required.
  • an additional reference signal (CSI-RS) for measuring channel state information (CSI) for a new antenna port may be introduced in an LTE-A (Advanced) system, which is an evolution of 3GPP LTE.
  • the DRS (or terminal-specific reference signal) is a reference signal used for data demodulation, and when the terminal receives the reference signal by using the precoding weight used for the specific terminal as the reference signal when transmitting multiple antennas, It is possible to estimate the equal channel combined with the precoding weight transmitted in the transmission antenna and the transmission channel.
  • Equation 13 is for the case of general CP and Equation 14 is for case of extended CP.
  • Equations 13 and 14 k is a subcarrier index, / is a symbol index, and
  • Antenna port index. ⁇ represents the resource block size in the frequency domain and is expressed as the number of subcarriers.
  • PRS represents the physical resource block number. Denotes the bandwidth of the resource block of the PDSCH transmission.
  • N ⁇ represents a cell ID. mod stands for modal operation.
  • the position of the reference signal in the frequency domain depends on the V shift value. Since the V shift value also depends on the cell ID, the position of the reference signal has a different frequency shift value for each cell.
  • CoMP Cooperative Multi-Point
  • CoMP transmission / reception techniques (sometimes referred to as c-MIM0, collaborative MIM0 or network MIM0) have been proposed.
  • CoMP technology can increase the performance of the cell located at the cell edge (edge) and increase the average sector throughput (throughput).
  • inter-cell interference may reduce performance and average sector yield of a terminal located in a cell-boundary.
  • ICI inter-cell interference
  • the existing LTE system is located in the cell-boundary in an environment that is limited by interference by using a simple passive technique such as fractional frequency reuse (FFR) through UE-specific power control.
  • FFR fractional frequency reuse
  • the method for the terminal to have a proper yield performance has been applied.
  • CoMP transmission scheme may be applied.
  • CoMP techniques that can be applied to downlink can be classified into joint processing (JP) techniques and coordinated scheduling / beamforming (CS / CB) techniques.
  • JP joint processing
  • CS / CB coordinated scheduling / beamforming
  • the JP technique can use data at each point (base station) of the CoMP cooperation unit.
  • CoMP cooperative unit means a set of base stations used in a cooperative transmission scheme.
  • the JP technique can be classified into a joint transmission technique and a dynamic cell selection technique.
  • the joint transmission scheme refers to a scheme in which PDSCH is transmitted from a plurality of points (part or all of CoMP cooperative units) at a time. That is, data transmitted to a single terminal may be simultaneously transmitted from a plurality of transmission points. According to the joint transmission scheme, the quality of the received signal can be improved in 5H ⁇ Hn r ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ lr ⁇ coherently. The interference may be actively canceled.
  • Dynamic cell selection scheme refers to a scheme in which PDSCH is transmitted from one point (of CoMP cooperative units) at a time. That is, data transmitted to a single terminal at a specific time point is transmitted from one point, and other points in the cooperative unit do not transmit data to the corresponding terminal at that time point, and a point for transmitting data to the corresponding terminal is dynamically selected. Can be.
  • CoMP cooperative units may cooperatively perform the bumping of data transmission for a single terminal.
  • data is transmitted only in the serving cell, but user scheduling / beamforming may be determined by coordination of cells of a corresponding CoMP cooperative unit.
  • coordinated multipoint-point reception means receiving a signal transmitted by coordination of a plurality of geographically separated points.
  • CoMP schemes applicable to uplink can be classified into joint reception (JR) and coordinated scheduling / beamforming (CS / CB).
  • the JR scheme means that a signal transmitted through a PUSCH is received at a plurality of reception points.
  • a PUSCH is received at only one point, but user scheduling / beamforming is determined by coordination of cells in a CoMP cooperative unit. It means to be.
  • SRS Sounding Reference Signal
  • the Sounding Reference Signal is mainly used for frequency-selective scheduling on uplink by a base station measuring channel quality, and is not associated with uplink data and / or control information transmission. Do not.
  • the present invention is not limited thereto, and the SRS may be used for the purpose of improved power control or for supporting various start up functions of terminals that are not recently scheduled.
  • the starting function is, for example, the initial Modulation and Coding Scheme (MCS), 7 seconds power control for the data transmission.
  • frequency resources are optionally allocated and the second Slots may include pseudo-randomly scheduled scheduling at different frequencies.
  • the SRS may be used for downlink channel quality measurement under the assumption that the radio channel is reciprocal between uplink and downlink. This assumption is particularly valid in time division duplex (TDD) systems in which uplink and downlink share the same frequency band and are distinguished in the time domain.
  • TDD time division duplex
  • the subframe in which the SRS is transmitted by any terminal in the cell is indicated by cell-specific broadcast signaling.
  • the 4-bit cell-specific 'SrsSubframeConfiguration' parameter represents 15 possible configurations of subframes in which an SRS can be transmitted within each radio frame. This configuration can provide flexibility to adjust SRS overhead according to network deployment scenarios.
  • the configuration of the other (16th) of the parameter is to switch-off the SRS transmission in the cell completely, for example, it may be appropriate for a cell serving mainly high speed terminals.
  • the SRS is always transmitted on the last SC- FDMA symbol of the configured subframe. Therefore, the SRS and the demodulation reference signal (DMRS) are located on different SC-FDMA symbols. PUSCH data transmissions are not allowed on the SC-FDMA symbols designated for SRS transmissions, and therefore do not exceed approximately 7% even at the highest sounding overhead (i.e., when SRS transmission symbols exist in all subframes). .
  • Each SRS symbol is generated by a basic sequence (random sequence or Zadoff-Chu-based sequence set) for a given time unit and frequency band, and all terminals in a cell use the same basic sequence.
  • SRS transmissions from a plurality of terminals in a cell in the same time unit and the same frequency band are orthogonally distinguished by different cyclic shifts ( cyc n c shifts) of a basic sequence allocated to the plurality of terminals. do.
  • Repeaters may be considered, for example, to extend high data rate coverage, improve group mobility, ad hoc network deployment, improve cell boundary yield and / or provide network coverage in new areas.
  • the repeater plays a role of forwarding transmission and reception between the base station and the terminal, and two types of links (backhaul link and access link) having different attributes are applied to each carrier frequency band.
  • the base station may comprise a donor cell.
  • the repeater is wirelessly connected to the radio-access network through the donor cell.
  • the backhaul link between the base station and the repeater may be represented as a backhaul downlink when using a downlink frequency band or a downlink subframe resource, and as a backhaul uplink when using an uplink frequency band or an uplink subframe resource.
  • the frequency band is a resource allocated in the Frequency Division Duplex (FDD) mode
  • the subframe is a resource allocated in the TDD Time Division Duplex (FDD) mode.
  • FDD Frequency Division Duplex
  • FDD Time Division Duplex
  • the access link between the repeater and the terminal (s) uses downlink frequency band or downlink subframe resources, it is expressed as access downlink, and when uplink frequency band or uplink subframe resource is used, access uplink. Can be represented by a link.
  • the base station requires a function of uplink reception and downlink transmission
  • the terminal requires a function of uplink transmission and downlink reception.
  • the repeater requires all the functions of backhaul uplink transmission to the base station, access uplink reception from the terminal, backhaul downlink reception from the base station, and access downlink transmission to the terminal.
  • the receiving function of the repeater is as follows.
  • the downlink received signal from the base station is passed through the duplexer 911 to the FFKFast Fourier Transform) modules 912 and a 0FDMA baseband reception process 913 is performed.
  • the uplink reception signal from the terminal is delivered to the FFT modules 922 via the duplexer 921 and the DFT-S-0FD ⁇ (-Dts t SiiH ⁇ F TiHsIorin ⁇ s ⁇ rea ⁇ Sir ⁇ l process 923).
  • the process of receiving an uplink signal from a UE 2013/062354 terminal can be performed in parallel at the same time. Meanwhile, the transmission function of the repeater will be described conceptually as follows.
  • the uplink transmission signal to the base station is transmitted via a DFT-s-OFDMA baseband transmission process 933, an Inverse FFT (IFFT) modules 932 and a duplexer 931.
  • the downlink transmission signal to the terminal is transmitted through the DM baseband transmission process 943, the IFFT module 942, and the duplexer 941.
  • the uplink signal transmission process to the base station and the downlink signal transmission process to the terminal may be implemented by one bidirectional duplexer, for example, the duplexer 911 and the duplexer 931 may be implemented by one bidirectional duplexer. And the duplexer 921 and the duplexer 941 may be implemented as one bidirectional duplexer, in the case of a bidirectional duplexer, IFFT modules and baseband process modules associated with transmission and reception on a specific carrier frequency band in one bidirectional duplexer. It may be implemented as a branching line.
  • the case in which the backhaul link operates in the same frequency band as the access link is called 'in-band', and the frequency band in which the backhaul link and the access link are different.
  • the case of operating at is called 'out-band'.
  • terminals operating according to existing LTE systems eg, Release-8) (hereinafter referred to as legacy terminals) should be able to access the donor cell.
  • the repeater may be classified as a transparent repeater or a non-transparent repeater.
  • a transparent means a case where a terminal does not recognize whether it communicates with a network through a repeater
  • a year-transant means a case where a terminal recognizes whether a terminal communicates with a network through a repeater.
  • the repeater may be divided into a repeater configured as part of the donor cell or a repeater controlling the cell itself.
  • Repeaters that accumulate as part of a donor cell may have a repeater identifier (ID)
  • RRM Radio Resource Management
  • a repeater configured as part of the donor cell.
  • a repeater can support legacy terminals.
  • various types of smart repeaters, decode-and-forward relays, L2 repeaters, and Type 2 repeaters are examples of such repeaters.
  • the repeater controls one or several cells, and each cell controlled by the repeater is provided with a unique physical layer cell identity, and may use the same RRM mechanism. From the terminal point of view, there is no difference between accessing a cell controlled by a repeater and a cell controlled by a general base station.
  • the cell controlled by this repeater can support the legacy terminal.
  • self-backhauling repeaters, L3 (third layer) repeaters, type-1 repeaters and type ⁇ la repeaters are such repeaters.
  • the Type # 1 repeater is an in-band repeater that controls a plurality of channels, each of which appears to be a separate cell from the donor cell from the terminal's point of view.
  • the plurality of cells have their respective physical cells HKLTE release -8), and the repeater can transmit its own synchronization channel, reference signal, and the like.
  • the terminal can receive scheduling information and HARQ feedback directly from the repeater and transmit its control channel (scheduling request (SR), CQI, AC / NAC, etc.) to the repeater.
  • Type-1 repeaters are seen as legacy base stations (base stations operating in accordance with LTE Release-8 systems), ie, backward compatibi Hty.
  • the Type-1 repeater may be seen as a base station different from the legacy base station, providing a performance improvement.
  • the type-la repeater has the same features as the type-1 repeater described above in addition to operating out-band.
  • the operation of the Type III la repeater may be configured to minimize or eliminate the impact on L1 (first layer) operation.
  • Type 2 of the mustard eu frozen ben ⁇ eu repeater yo Roger eubyeol ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ " ⁇ ) ⁇ ⁇ eu eu 3 ⁇ 43 ⁇ 47 does not form a new cell accordingly.
  • a transparent, legacy terminal does not recognize the presence of a type-2 repeater.
  • a type-2 repeater can transmit a PDSCH, but at least not a CRS and a PDCCH.
  • resource part ionization In order for the repeater to operate in-band, some resources in time-frequency space must be reserved for the backhaul link and these resources can be configured to be unused for the access link. This is called resource part ionization.
  • Backhaul downlink and access downlink may be multiplexed in a time division multiplex (TDM) scheme on one carrier frequency (ie, only one of the backhaul downlink or access downlink is active at a particular time).
  • TDM time division multiplex
  • 100-day uplink and access uplink may be multiplexed in a TDM manner on one carrier frequency (ie, only one of the backhaul uplink or access uplink is activated at a particular time).
  • Backhaul link multiplexing in FDD may be described as backhaul downlink transmission is performed in a downlink frequency band, and backhaul uplink transmission is performed in an uplink frequency band.
  • Backhaul link multiplexing in TDD may be described as 100 days downlink transmission performed in downlink subframes of the base station and the repeater, and backhaul uplink transmission performed in uplink subframes of the base station and repeater.
  • an in-band repeater for example, when a backhaul downlink reception from a base station and an access downlink transmission to a terminal are simultaneously performed in a predetermined frequency band, a signal transmitted from the transmitting end of the repeater is received at the receiving end of the repeater.
  • a first subframe 1010 is a general subframe, and a downlink (ie, access downlink) control signal and data are transmitted from a repeater to a terminal, and the second subframe 1020 is a multicast broadcast single frequency (MBSFNC).
  • MBSFNC multicast broadcast single frequency
  • a control signal is transmitted from the repeater to the terminal in the control region 1021 of the downlink subframe, but no transmission is performed from the repeater to the terminal in the remaining region 1022 of the downlink subframe.
  • the repeater since the transmission of the physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) is expected in all downlink subframes (in other words, the repeater receives the PDCCH in every subframe by the legacy terminals in its own area. It is necessary to support to perform the (), to transmit the PDCCH in all downlink subframes for the correct operation of the legacy terminal.
  • PDCCH physical downlink control channel
  • the repeater needs to perform access downlink transmission instead of receiving the backhaul downlink.
  • the PDCCH is transmitted from the repeater to the terminal in the control region 1021 of the second subframe, backward compatibility with respect to the legacy terminal served by the repeater may be provided.
  • the repeater may receive the transmission from the base station while no transmission is performed from the repeater to the terminal. Therefore, through this resource partitioning scheme, access downlink transmission and backhaul downlink reception may not be simultaneously performed in an in-band repeater.
  • a second subframe 1022 using the MBSFN subframe will be described in detail.
  • the control region 1021 of the second subframe may be referred to as a relay non-hearing section.
  • the repeater non-listening period means a period in which the repeater transmits the access downlink signal without receiving the backhaul downlink signal. This interval may be set to 1, 2 or 3 OFDM lengths as described above.
  • the repeater may perform access downlink transmission to the terminal and receive the backhaul downlink from the base station in the remaining area 1022. At this time, since the repeater cannot simultaneously transmit and receive in the same frequency band, it takes time for the repeater to switch from the transmission mode to the reception mode.
  • the repeater guard time (GT) needs to be set for the transmit / receive mode switching.
  • a guard time GT for the reception / transmission mode switching of the repeater may be set.
  • the guard time of the last part of the subframe may not be defined or set.
  • Such guard time may be defined only in a frequency domain configured for backhaul downlink subframe transmission in order to maintain backward compatibility (when a guard time is set in an access downlink period, legacy terminals cannot be supported).
  • the repeater may receive the PDCCH from the base station. This may be expressed as an R-PDCCH (Relay-PDCCH) in the sense of a relay dedicated physical channel.
  • the two base stations (eNBl and eNB2) is disposed adjacent the case part of the coverage of the two base stations overlaps, with respect to receiving a serving from one base station terminal eu under part o the other one of the base stations ⁇ the eu down-ring ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ , the terminal 130 served by the micro base station 120 in the example of FIG. Interference may be caused by signals from the macro base station 110.
  • the two base stations can reduce inter-cell interference through cell-to-cell cooperation.
  • a signal transmission and reception is smooth between two base stations that interfere with each other.
  • a wired / wireless link for example, a backhaul link or an un interface
  • the time synchronization between the two base stations matches within an allowable error range (for example, when the boundaries of the downlink subframes of the two base stations interfering with each other are aligned) or the two base stations are aligned. It may be assumed that the difference between subframe boundaries between the two is clearly recognized.
  • eNBl may be a macro base station serving a wide area with high transmission power
  • eNB2 120 may be a micro base station serving a low area with low transmission power.
  • eNBl may be a macro base station serving a wide area with high transmission power
  • eNB2 120 may be a micro base station serving a low area with low transmission power.
  • FIG. 1 when the terminal 130 located at the sal boundary of e B2 120 receives strong interference from eNBl (llO), effective communication is not performed without proper inter-cell cooperation. It can be difficult.
  • a large number of terminals are connected to the eNB2 120 which is a micro base station having a low power, and thus, when the macro base station eNBl (llO) attempts to distribute a load that provides a service, The situation is likely to occur.
  • eNBl macro base station
  • a predetermined adjustment value (bias value) is added to the reception power from the micro base station, and the adjustment value is not added to the reception power from the macro base station.
  • the received power of the downlink signal from each base station can be calculated and compared, and as a result, the terminal can select a base station providing the highest downlink received power as the serving base station. Tfrsf7 ⁇ T ⁇ R ⁇ r ⁇ r ⁇ You can have words connected.
  • the downlink signal strength actually received by the terminal may be selected as the serving base station even though the signal from the macro base station is much stronger, and the terminal connected to the micro base station may receive strong interference from the macro base station. In this case, when the terminals located at the boundary of the micro base station are not provided with separate inter-cell cooperation, it may be difficult to perform the correct operation due to strong interference from the macro base station.
  • an interference cell is referred to as eNBl
  • an interference cell is referred to as eNB2
  • eNBl is a macro base station
  • e NB2 is assumed to be a micro base station.
  • the present invention is not limited thereto and the principles of the present invention can be applied to other various intercell interference cases.
  • inter-cell interference coordination between two base stations is provided together with or independently of operation, signaling related to inter-cell interference coordination (eg, 0TA (0ver The Air) signaling) from a base station for a UE (UE) affected by intercell interference. Can be.
  • inter-cell interference coordination eg, 0TA (0ver The Air) signaling
  • saelgan interference coordination banganwa eu one eu chamber Or i.e. a null signal is transmitted or It may also be expressed as silencing
  • a specific resource region in which silencing is performed may be represented by a time resource and / or a frequency resource.
  • the time resource location to be silenced may be determined by a combination of one or more of an entire time domain, a specific subframe, a specific slot, and a specific 0FOM symbol unit.
  • the frequency resource position to be silenced may be determined by a combination of one or more of the entire frequency band, a specific carrier (in case of carrier aggregat ion in which a plurality of carriers are used), a specific resource specific, and a specific subcarrier unit.
  • the resource region in which silencing is performed can be clearly specified.
  • the cell range extension (CRE) of the micro cell may be achieved by the silencing or the transmission power reduction operation of the macro cell.
  • the macro cell de-boosts up to 9 dB of transmit power or transmits no signal in a particular resource region, so that the amount of interference the microcell receives is reduced in that particular resource region.
  • the range in which micro cells can serve can be extended relatively.
  • inter-cell interference coordination of time resources in a 3GPP LTE (Release-10) wireless communication system divides the time resources into a plurality of subframes and transmits them with silencing or reduced transmit power for each subframe. It can be done by indicating information about whether or not.
  • inter-cell interference coordination for time resources means cooperation between the interfering cell eNB1 and the interfering cell eNB2.
  • the information about the silencing operation or the transmission power information for each subframe may be exchanged between the cells which interfere with each other through X2 signaling, backhaul signaling, or 0AM (0permissions Administration and Maintenance) configuration. Subframes to which this silencing applies
  • eNB2 does not receive strong interference from eNBl in certain subframes.
  • eNBl may set the specific subframe to ABS. That is, e Bl sets a specific subframe (or subframe set) to ABS.
  • the subframe may mean reducing downlink transmission power, traffic, or activity of the eNBl, or transmitting nothing (that is, transmitting a null signal).
  • the ABS may refer to a subframe in which only CRS is transmitted in the control region and the data region of the downlink subframe and other control information and data are not transmitted.
  • important downlink channels and downlink signals such as a physical broadcast channel (PBCH), a primary synchronization signal (PSS), a secondary synchronization signal (SSS), and the like may be transmitted.
  • the CRS of the data area may not be transmitted in the ABS.
  • eNBl configures ABS
  • information related to ABS may be exchanged through a link between eNBl and eNB2 (eg, X2 interface).
  • a link between eNBl and eNB2 eg, X2 interface
  • IE ABS Information Information Element
  • / or an ABS Status Information Element defined in 3GPP LTE Standard Document eg, TS 36.423
  • Table 1 shows ABS transmitted by eNBl configuring ABS to neighboring eNB2 Information Represents information elements, ABS pattern information in each of time division duplex (TDD) and frequency division duplex (FDD), and the number of antenna ports for CRS (Number of Cell—specific). Antenna Ports information, measurement subset information, and the like.
  • ABS Pattern Information is information indicating a subframe used as ABS. The difference is depending on the configuration of a 40-bit bitmap in the case of FDD and a downlink / uplink subframe in the case of TDD. It consists of a bitmap of up to 70 bits.
  • bit setting value For example, in the case of FDD, 40 bits represent 40 subframes. If the bit setting value is '1', it indicates ABS, and if the bit setting value is '0', it indicates a subframe other than ABS.
  • the Number of Cell-specific Antenna Ports information is used for CRS measurement so that the serving terminal can perform a limited measurement only in ABS.
  • the measurement subset information is a subset of the ABS pattern information, and consists of a 40-bit bitmap in the case of FDD and a bitmap of up to 70 bits in the case of TDD.
  • the measurement subset information In order to set limited measurement at the UE of eNB2, it means a restricted restricted measurement set recommended by eNBl.
  • the subframe set to the measurement subset may be understood as a subframe set to ABS more statically among the subframes set to ABS.
  • the ABS Status information element may be transmitted by eNB2 to eNBi and corresponds to signaling indicating whether eNBi needs to modify the ABS pattern.
  • the ABS Status IE may include usable ABS pattern information and downlink ABS status information.
  • Usable ABS Pattern Information indicates that the subframe set by ABS interferes.
  • IE ABS Pattern Information Information Element
  • each position in the bitmap represents a subframe
  • the bitmap information having the setting value of the subframe ' ⁇ represents ABS for protecting the eNB2 from inter-cell interference by the eNBl
  • the eNB2 has a setting value of' 1.
  • Inter-cell interference can be mitigated by downlink scheduling in the subframe.
  • DL ABS status information indicates the percentage of used ABS resources.
  • DL ABS status information is a resource block allocated for UEs that need protection from inter-cell interference in the intervening cell eNB2 among the total number of downlink resource blocks (RBs) of the ABS indicated in Usable ABS Pattern Information. It means the percentage occupied by the number of. That is, it shows how efficiently eNB2 uses ABS for interference cancellation.
  • Inter-cell interference coordination for frequency resources in a 3GPP LTE (Release-8) wireless communication system divides frequency resources into specific resources (eg, physical resource blocks (PRBs) or subbands) and Information about a unit can be transmitted and received through a link between two base stations.
  • specific resources eg, physical resource blocks (PRBs) or subbands
  • Information about a unit can be transmitted and received through a link between two base stations.
  • the information on the specific resource unit may include RTP (Relative Narrowband Transmission Power), I0I (Interference Overload Indication), HlK High Interference Indication (HIO), and the like.
  • RTP Real Narrowband Transmission Power
  • I0I Interference Overload Indication
  • HIO High Interference Indication
  • RNTP means indication information indicating the downlink transmission power used by the interfering cell (eNBl) in a specific resource (for example, physical resource block (PRB) or subband) unit
  • RNTP is A specific resource unit may be determined in a bitmap manner, and the bitmap information determined in the bitmap manner may be transmitted to an interfering cell eNB2 through a link between base stations. For example, if RNTP is set to '0' in a specific resource unit, the downlink transmission power does not exceed the defined threshold. If T ⁇ rRNTP is set to '1', the downlink transmission power is defined. It can not be guaranteed that the threshold is not exceeded.
  • PRB physical resource block
  • 101 denotes indication information indicating an amount of uplink interference in a specific resource unit by the interfering cell eNB. That is, 101 denotes information indicating a specific resource that is subject to strong interference. For example, when 101 is set to be subjected to strong interference in a specific resource unit, it means that there is a strong uplink interference in the specific resource unit. In this case, the interfered cell (eNB2) may reduce interference with eNBl. In order to reduce the interference between eNBl and eNB2 by scheduling a terminal using a low uplink transmission power among the terminals it serves in a specific resource unit 101 is set to receive a strong interference.
  • HII means indication information indicating the sensitivity of the uplink interference with respect to a specific resource unit from the interfering cell (eNBl). For example, when HII is set to '1' in a specific resource unit, it means that eNBl may schedule a UE having strong uplink transmission power (that is, causing strong inter-cell interference) in the specific resource unit. And, when ⁇ is set to '0' in a specific resource unit, it means that eNBl may schedule a terminal having a weak uplink transmission power in the specific resource unit.
  • the intervening cell preferentially uses a specific resource unit with low interference with the HII set to '0' in order to avoid interference with eNBl, for scheduling of UEs serving it, and the HII is '1'.
  • Inter-cell interference may be mitigated by scheduling terminals that may operate even in strong interference in a specific resource unit receiving strong interference.
  • the existing ABS is defined to transmit only the primary channel or signal (for example, CRS, PSS, SSS, PBCH, and the minimum control channel) in the downlink subframe, but not the remaining channels and signals.
  • the primary channel or signal for example, CRS, PSS, SSS, PBCH, and the minimum control channel
  • ABS of the first type corresponds to z-ABS (zero power-almost blank subframe) in which data (or PDSCH signal) is not transmitted in the data region of the downlink subframe, as in the conventional ABS.
  • the second type of ABS corresponds to a reduced power-almost blank subframe (r-ABS) in which a data (or PDS ⁇ T signal) is transmitted in a data region of a downlink subframe with reduced transmission power.
  • r_ABS is non-zero ABS (non-zero) power-ABS).
  • the terminal serving from the interfering cell eg, eNBl
  • the terminal serving from the interfering cell eg, eNBl
  • the interference to the interfering cell for example, eNB2
  • information about the ABS pattern and / or power applied to the ABS set by the eNBl may be provided to the e NB2 through X2 signaling or the like.
  • the ABS pattern information may correspond to configuration information on a subframe corresponding to z-ABS, a subframe corresponding to r-ABS, and a general subframe (that is, non-ABS).
  • the transmission power information applied to the ABS is downlink data transmission power of the eNBl in z-ABS (for example, 0), r—downlink data transmission power of the eNBl in the ABS (for example, P r — ABS), or one or more of downlink data transmission power (eg, P normal ) of the eNBl in the general subframe.
  • This embodiment relates to a method of correctly interpreting an uplink frequency domain ICIC message when r-ABS is configured.
  • the interpretation of the message (eg ⁇ or 101) should be different.
  • uplink scheduling information (or UL grant) is received through a downlink control channel (eg, PDCCH) in subframe n
  • uplink transmission according to the corresponding UL grant is performed in subframe n + k. Is performed.
  • downlink data is received through a downlink data channel (eg, PDSCH) in subframe n
  • acknowledgment (ACK / NACK) information indicating whether the downlink data is successfully received is subframe n +.
  • ACK / NACK acknowledgment
  • k may be transmitted through an uplink channel (for example, PUCCH or PUSCH).
  • a subframe n + k e.
  • G., 23 ⁇ 4 ttejeo yo 14) when FDE may be described as a sub-frame associated with the DL subframes (i.e., subframe n).
  • subframe n sub-frame associated with the DL subframes
  • an uplink subframe associated with the downlink subframe may be interpreted as indirectly or implicitly z-ABS.
  • subframe n is z-ABS, since uplink scheduling information or downlink data are not received in subframe n, it can be expected that there is no uplink transmission or no ACK / NACK transmission even in subframe n + k.
  • the frequency domain ICIC message is applied to a specific frequency resource, it is not information that is applied to specify a certain subframe. In other words, it should be interpreted that there is application of a frequency domain ICIC message to every general subframe.
  • the existing uplink frequency domain ICIC messages eg, HII and 101
  • the existing uplink frequency domain ICIC messages may be considered invalid.
  • the neighboring cell proposes to interpret that HII and I transmitted by eNBl to eNB2 are not valid in the uplink subframe.
  • the present invention further proposes a method of interpreting an uplink frequency domain ICIC message for an uplink subframe when r-ABS is configured.
  • the method of uniformly interpreting the uplink frequency domain ICIC message according to ABS or not ie, ABS or general subframe
  • ABS or general subframe cannot be applied as it is when r-ABS is set.
  • uplink scheduling information or downlink data may be transmitted in the r-ABS
  • uplink transmission or ACK / NACK information transmission may be performed in an uplink subframe associated with the r-ABS. Therefore, when subframe n is set to r-ABS, subframe n + k associated with it may not be regarded as z-ABS. Furthermore, although downlink transmission in r-ABS is defined as being performed with reduced transmit power, the associated up-run is related to the seven preambles.
  • subframe ⁇ is r- Even if it is set to ABS, the subframe n + k associated with it cannot be regarded as r-ABS. Rather, when it is set to r-ABS, it is appropriate to interpret that eNBl intends to perform downlink transmission in a corresponding subframe, and that general uplink transmission will be performed in an uplink subframe related thereto. Therefore, when subframe n is set to r-ABS, the subframe n + k associated with it may be regarded as a normal subframe.
  • z-ABS is a sub-station that eNB does not intend to schedule the downlink unicast (unicast) data, sub-scheduled uplink unicast data in the uplink subframe associated with the z-ABS It means a frame.
  • the r-ABS refers to a subframe in which the eNB schedules downlink unicast data with reduced transmission power and has scheduling intention for uplink unicast data in an uplink subframe associated with the r-ABS.
  • eNB2 transmits an uplink frequency domain ICIC message (e.g., z-ABS, r-ABS or general subframe) based on ABS pattern information set by eNBl to eNB2.
  • an uplink frequency domain ICIC message e.g., z-ABS, r-ABS or general subframe
  • ABS pattern information set by eNBl e.g., z-ABS, r-ABS or general subframe
  • eNB2 may assume that the uplink subframe associated with the downlink subframe is z-ABS. In this case, eNB2 may interpret the uplink frequency domain ICIC messages (eg, ⁇ and 101) transmitted by eNBl in the corresponding uplink subframe as not valid or have a lower threshold.
  • uplink frequency domain ICIC messages eg, ⁇ and 101
  • eNB2 may assume that an uplink subframe associated with the downlink subframe is a general subframe. In this case, eNB2 may interpret the uplink frequency domain ICIC messages (eg, ⁇ and 101) transmitted by eNBl in the corresponding uplink subframe as valid.
  • ICIC messages eg, ⁇ and 101
  • Example 2 This embodiment relates to a method of signaling an uplink ABS pattern.
  • the uplink ABS pattern in this embodiment means a pattern of a subframe to which a reduced (including 0) uplink transmission power is applied.
  • ABS pattern information was simply provided to neighboring cells without distinguishing between z-ABS and r-ABS (see Table 1 above).
  • the prior art ABS pattern is for the downlink ABS pattern.
  • eNBl is a cell (for example)
  • the eNB2 may signal transmission power information in its z-ABS / r-ABS together with downlink z-ABS / r-ABS pattern information.
  • eNBl uses both z-ABS and r-ABS, it does not signal transmission power information in ABS to eNB2 as in the prior art (for example, as shown in Table 1), and also z-ABS.
  • the downlink ABS pattern in the present embodiment means a pattern of a subframe to which a reduced (including 0) downlink transmission power is applied.
  • eNBl may additionally signal its uplink ABS pattern to eNB2.
  • an uplink subframe associated with a downlink z-ABS may correspond to a z-ABS
  • an uplink subframe associated with a downlink r-ABS may correspond to a general subframe.
  • the uplink subframe associated with each ABS in the downlink ABS pattern corresponds to the ABS depends on the transmission power in the downlink ABS, so whether the downlink ABS is r-ABS through the uplink ABS pattern. You can tell if it is ABS. For example, if the downlink ABS is z-ABS, since there will be almost no uplink data transmission in the uplink subframe associated with the downlink ABS, the uplink subframe may be referred to as a link ABS. Meanwhile, if the downlink 7 ABS is r ⁇ ABS, the associated uplink subframe may not be assumed to be ABS. A subframe can be regarded as a general subframe.
  • eNB2 When the uplink subframe other words, ABS into association the sub-frame is indicated, in the DL ABS pattern of eNBl, indicated to be the ABS in the uplink ABS pattern of eNBl, eNB2 is the down-link eNBl ABS Can be considered to correspond to z-ABS.
  • eNB2 when the uplink subframe associated with the subframe indicated by the ABS in the downlink ABS pattern of eNBl is indicated as being a normal subframe in the uplink ABS pattern of the eNBl, eNB2 is the downlink ABS of eNBl It can be regarded as corresponding to r-ABS. That is, the eNB2 may determine whether the ABS of the eNBl is z-ABS or the r-ABS by considering the downlink ABS pattern and the uplink ABS pattern of the eNBl at the same time.
  • FIG. 11 is a diagram illustrating a relationship between a downlink (DL) ABS pattern and an uplink (UL) ABS pattern.
  • the eNB2 may infer which subframe is a z-ABS or an r-ABS in the DL ABS of the eNBl through the DL ABS pattern and the UL ABS pattern provided by the eNBl.
  • eNB2 when a UL ABS pattern is signaled from eNBl to eNB2, it is suggested that eNB2 additionally signals information about UL ABS status to eNBl. In addition, it is proposed that eNB2 additionally signals information about Usable UL ABS Pattern Info to eNBl.
  • the information on the UL ABS Status and / or Usable UL ABS Pattern Info may be included in the ABS Status information element of Table 2 described above.
  • Usable UL ABS Pattern Info is defined as a subset of UL ABS Pattern Info and may have a bitmap form. It may indicate whether a subframe designated as UL ABS is properly used for the purpose of interference mitigation.
  • the number of UL resource blocks scheduled in the subframe indicated by T UL ABS Status ⁇ Usable UL ABS Pattern Info It is defined as the ratio of the number of resource blocks allocated for the UE to be protected, and indicates how efficiently the UL ABS is used in the interference cell (eg, eNB2) for interference cancellation purposes.
  • an interfering cell eg, eNBl
  • eNBl may increase the number of UL ABSs in a manner of increasing the number of subframes set to z-ABS in the DL ABS.
  • FIG. 12 is a flowchart illustrating a method of transmitting and receiving subframe pattern information between base stations according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • information exchange between eNBl and eNB2 may be performed through X2 signaling.
  • eNBl may perform subframe configuration. Specifically, eNBl may determine what the first type ABS, the second type ABS or the general subframe among the downlink subframes.
  • the first type ABS may correspond to z-ABS
  • the second type ABS may correspond to r-ABS
  • the general subframe may correspond to subframes other than the first and second type ABS.
  • eNBl may transmit one or more of DL ABS pattern information, UL ABS pattern information, uplink frequency domain ICIC messages (eg, ⁇ and / or 101) to the eNB2.
  • the DL ABS pattern information i) may be provided as a pattern for distinguishing z-ABS and r-ABS, ii) to be provided as a pattern indicating simply DL ABS without the distinction between z-ABS and r-ABS. It may be.
  • UL ABS pattern information may be omitted, and transmission power information of eNBl for z-ABS and r-ABS may be additionally transmitted.
  • the eNB2 may identify or assume what the z-ABS and the r-ABS are among the DL ABS of the eNBl based on the DL ABS pattern information and the UL ABS pattern information of the eNBl. If the DL ABS pattern is provided as a pattern for distinguishing the z-ABS and the r-ABS, the UL ABS pattern information may be omitted. In this case, the eNB2 uses the UL ABS pattern based on the z—ABS and r-ABS patterns. Can be identified or assumed. In addition, eNB2 may determine whether ⁇ / ⁇ of eNBl is valid for the UL subframe.
  • HII / I0I validity may be determined, and for UL ABS If an explicit pattern is given, it can be determined that ⁇ / ⁇ is not valid in IL ABS and valid in other UL subframes.
  • the eNB2 may transmit feedback on the ABS configuration to the eNBl based on the measurement result reported to the UE.
  • the feedback may be performed using the above-described ABS status information element, one of ABS Status for DL z-ABS of eNBl, ABS Status for DL r-ABS of eNBl, or ABS Status for UL ABS of eNBl. It may contain the above.
  • the z-ABS and the r-ABS configuration are exemplarily described for clarity, but the principles proposed by the present invention are the same for the new transmission resource setting method to which the existing transmission power allocation scheme is not applied. It is obvious that it can be applied. That is, the scope of the present invention is not limited to the above-described examples of z-ABS and r-ABS configuration, and a method of exchanging information on a pattern of transmission resource patterns of a new type to which different transmission power levels are applied is exchanged between base stations. Can include.
  • the base station apparatus 10 shown in FIG. 13 may include reception modules 11, transmission modules 12, a processor 13, a memory 14, and a plurality of antennas 15.
  • the plurality of antennas 15 means a base station apparatus that supports MIM0 transmission and reception.
  • the receiving modules 11 can receive various signals, data and information from the outside.
  • the transmission modules 12 may transmit various signals, data, and information to the outside.
  • the processor 13 may control operations of the base station apparatus 10 as a whole.
  • the base station apparatus 10 may be configured as a base station apparatus of a second cell that receives subframe pattern information of the first cell.
  • the processor 13 of the base station apparatus 10 includes the downlink ABS lmost Blank Subframe) pattern information and the uplink ABS pattern information of the first cell, and the main chip ⁇ !! ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ . Can be.
  • the downlink ABS pattern information is set by the first cell.
  • the first and second type ABS patterns of the first cell may be identified based on the downlink ABS pattern information and the uplink ABS pattern information without distinguishing between the first and second type ABS. have.
  • the base station apparatus 10 may be configured as a base station apparatus of a second cell that receives subframe pattern information of the first cell.
  • the processor 13 of the base station apparatus 10 is configured to receive the downlink ABS most empty sub frame) information of the first cell and the transmit power information in the downlink ABS through the reception modules 11. Can be.
  • the downlink ABS pattern information distinguishes first and second type ABSs set by the first cell, and identifies the uplink ABS pattern of the first cell based on the first and second type ABSs. can be identified.
  • the processor 13 of the base station apparatus 10 performs a function of processing the information received by the base station apparatus 10 and the information to be transmitted to the outside, and the memory 14 performs the operation processing information and the like for a predetermined time. It can be stored and replaced with a component such as a buffer (not shown).
  • the description of the base station apparatus 10 may be equally applied to a relay apparatus as a downlink transmission entity or an uplink reception entity.
  • Embodiments of the present invention described above may be implemented through various means.
  • embodiments of the present invention may be implemented by hardware, firmware, software, or a combination thereof.
  • the method according to embodiments of the present invention may include one or more Application Specific Integrated Circuits (ASICs), Digital Signal Processors (DSPs), Digital Signal Processing Devices (DSPDs), and Programmable Logic Devices (PLDs).
  • ASICs Application Specific Integrated Circuits
  • DSPs Digital Signal Processors
  • DSPDs Digital Signal Processing Devices
  • PLDs Programmable Logic Devices
  • FPGAs Field programmable gate arrays
  • processors controllers, microcontrollers, microprocessors Can be.
  • the method according to the embodiments of the present invention may be implemented in the form of modules, procedures or functions for performing the functions or operations described above.
  • the software code may be stored in a memory unit and driven by a processor.
  • the memory unit may be located inside or outside the processor, and may exchange data with the processor by various known means.
  • Embodiments of the present invention as described above have been applied to various mobile communication systems—— ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ - ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ”

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Abstract

Dans l'un de ses modes de réalisation, la présente invention se rapporte à un procédé dans lequel une seconde cellule reçoit des données de motif de sous-trame sur une première cellule. Le procédé selon l'invention comprend une étape au cours de laquelle des données de motif de sous-trame pratiquement vide (ABS) sur la liaison montante et des données de motif d'ABS sur la liaison descendante sur la première cellule sont reçues par une seconde cellule. L'invention est caractérisée : en ce que les données de motif d'ABS sur la liaison descendante ne sont pas séparées en des ABS d'un premier et d'un second type par la première cellule; et en ce que les ABS des premier et second types de la première cellule peuvent être identifiées sur la base des données de motif d'ABS sur la liaison montante et sur la base des données de motif d'ABS sur la liaison descendante.
PCT/KR2012/008861 2011-10-26 2012-10-26 Procédé et dispositif pour une coordination d'interférences entre les cellules dans un système de communication sans fil WO2013062354A2 (fr)

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US201261596130P 2012-02-07 2012-02-07
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US201261600704P 2012-02-19 2012-02-19
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US20140293820A1 (en) 2014-10-02
US9520970B2 (en) 2016-12-13
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US9838175B2 (en) 2017-12-05
US20140286283A1 (en) 2014-09-25
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WO2013062362A8 (fr) 2014-05-22
US20140254537A1 (en) 2014-09-11
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US9686058B2 (en) 2017-06-20
US9225485B2 (en) 2015-12-29

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