WO2013061300A1 - Procédé de contrôle réparti pour obtenir un bon rendement énergétique dans des bâtiments et appareil pour celui-ci - Google Patents

Procédé de contrôle réparti pour obtenir un bon rendement énergétique dans des bâtiments et appareil pour celui-ci Download PDF

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WO2013061300A1
WO2013061300A1 PCT/IB2012/055923 IB2012055923W WO2013061300A1 WO 2013061300 A1 WO2013061300 A1 WO 2013061300A1 IB 2012055923 W IB2012055923 W IB 2012055923W WO 2013061300 A1 WO2013061300 A1 WO 2013061300A1
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energy
buildings
premises
network
nodes
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PCT/IB2012/055923
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English (en)
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Girolamo DI FRANCIA
Saverio DE VITO
Grazia FATTORUSO
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ENEA - Agenzia nazionale per le nuove tecnologie, l'energia e lo sviluppo economico sostenibile
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Publication of WO2013061300A1 publication Critical patent/WO2013061300A1/fr

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    • GPHYSICS
    • G06COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06QINFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G06Q10/00Administration; Management
    • G06Q10/06Resources, workflows, human or project management; Enterprise or organisation planning; Enterprise or organisation modelling

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a real-time distributed monitoring apparatus and method for achieving energy efficiency in buildings (whether residential, commercial, or company buildings) based upon wireless multisensor modules provided with on ⁇ board intelligence, capable of obtaining real-time information on energy consumption, quality of the air, environmental variables, and occupation of the premises.
  • These wireless smart multisensor devices are organized in multilevel architectures of smart sensor networks to enable pervasive and continuous distributed monitoring for control of energy efficiency in residential and non-residential buildings and in computer centres.
  • the European Community as likewise the international community, have devoted considerable effort for orienting today' s economy towards energy sustainability .
  • the preset short-term targets are to reduce the emissions of greenhouse gases, increase consumption of energy from renewable sources, and optimize energy consumption by achieving energy efficiency.
  • Said devices have wireless-communication capacity but not mesh-routing capacity; namely, they cannot be organized in wireless sensor networks. They can, instead, be connected to the cables that reach the main switchboard of a dwelling or of an office making it possible to detect and keep under control the energy consumption of the entire network of energy-consuming systems present. In addition, they do not have on-board intelligence and envisage data-sink systems configured for filing, processing, and displaying, even remotely, the information acquired (see the patents Nos. US20100256828, US2011055116, KR100963161) .
  • the sphere of application includes energy-consuming systems (electrical household appliances, lighting, HVAC systems, PCs, etc.) basically of dwellings and offices.
  • constituting a subject of the invention is an innovative system for distributed, pervasive, and continuous monitoring for achieving energy efficiency in buildings and more in general in articulated complexes of buildings, which is based upon multisensor devices that have wireless-communication capacity, capacity for organization in mesh topologies, and capacity for on-board intelligence.
  • These devices appropriately located/distributed in the nodes of a wireless sensor network in the premises to be controlled, enable information to be obtained on the current state of the various premises of the building and of the energy-consuming systems operating therein in order to rationalize and optimize energy consumption.
  • both physical quantities such as electrical consumption, temperature, luminosity, presence, etc.
  • chemical quantities chiefly, relative humidity and volatile organic compounds
  • a strategy for optimizing the use of energy in buildings has in fact to be definable not only on the basis of the profiles of consumption of the energy- consuming systems that operate in the various premises of the building, but also on the knowledge of the state of operation and safety thereof. For example, knowing in a pervasive way the quality of the air of the premises enables implementation of efficient control strategies of HVAC systems (such as activation or deactivation of ventilation and air-conditioning systems on the basis of the levels of concentration of volatile organic compounds present in the air) , with consequent energy saving.
  • HVAC systems such as activation or deactivation of ventilation and air-conditioning systems on the basis of the levels of concentration of volatile organic compounds present in the air
  • the pervasive and continuous knowledge of environmental conditions (temperature and humidity) of a computer centre enables control of proper operation of the cooling systems of rooms housing the computers by detecting any possible discrepancies (for example, mixing between hot air leaving the machines and cool air entering the room) .
  • Optimization of the flows of air in a computer centre enables significant energy saving, raising the values of the energy-efficiency indices (for example, the PUE - power-usage effectiveness - index, which is the ratio between the total power absorbed by a data centre and the power used by IT apparatuses alone) and at the same time containing the state of wear of the computers .
  • the monitoring system forming the subject of the present invention envisages a node architecture that enables use of:
  • the system proposed can integrate also other types of sensor nodes.
  • the sensors described above enable monitoring of the most significant physico-chemical quantities for an efficient use of energy and a greater comfort for the users in scenarios of application such as dwellings, offices, commercial establishments, computer centres or ensembles thereof grouped under a single building or complexes of buildings.
  • the energy meters remain in any case the fundamental ones in the monitoring method and apparatus that is described herein.
  • the above multi-sensor nodes are organized in a multilevel w i r e 1 e s ssensornetwork architecture located/distributed in a mesh (multi-hop) topology. These nodes communicate via radio forwarding the data gathered and pre-processed locally to a localized co-ordinator and control system. In part, partially processed data can be shared between the network nodes for service operations such as distributed recalibration operations.
  • the control and co-ordination node co-ordinates and processes the information coming from the various multisensor modules both to define profiles of energy consumption of the monitored premises and for supporting actions of active control of the energy-consuming systems in order to rationalize consumption.
  • Sensor-network architectures currently available for monitoring energy consumption in buildings comprise in fact nodes constituted exclusively by energy-absorption meters. Said nodes, connected to the energy-consuming systems present in the various premises of a building, enable acquisition of data on electrical consumptions on the basis of which, via purposely configured control systems, energy-consumption profiles are processed for each type of energy-consuming systems, of users, and locations .
  • the multilevel architecture of the system proposed expresses itself in the capacity for intelligence of the sensor network through a first computational level, implemented on board the sensor node. It enables local evaluations to be made of the quantities of interest (for instance: quality of the air, local energy- consumption profiles, environmental variables) by means of pattern-recognition statistical techniques. Said evaluations have proven particularly useful when the phenomena to be monitored are complex or the sensor response is affected by the presence of interfering phenomena. For example, the presence of volatile particles can jeopardize the capacity of the solid- state sensors to detect in a specific way a given target analyte.
  • the on-board intelligence of the sensors moreover affords the further advantage of selecting the packets to be sent through the network on the basis of the significance of the values detected.
  • the information of high semantic level available on each individual node can be shared between the nodes to implement actions of operative control such as, for example, operations of distributed continuous calibration or actions aimed at safety of the network or of the premises in which the nodes are immersed.
  • actions of operative control such as, for example, operations of distributed continuous calibration or actions aimed at safety of the network or of the premises in which the nodes are immersed.
  • the capacity for responding at least partially to a safety hazard presence of high amounts of toxic, flammable, explosive gases, etc.
  • the second computational level is necessary for co-ordinator, control and management of the information coming from all the network nodes in order to reconstruct the global state of the monitored environment by means of sensor-fusion techniques.
  • the processed information thus assumes semantic value and can be used for active control of the energy-consuming systems present in the building, guaranteeing a rational and efficient use of energy.
  • reconstructing the olfactive image of premises starting from the point data detected by the chemical sensors present in the network installed it is possible to obtain a global evaluation of the air quality of the monitored premises and to decide on the eventual activation of the ventilation and/or air-conditioning systems.
  • Another example is the possibility of carrying out actions of control aimed at shaping the demand for electrical energy by implementing distributed demand- shaping algorithms.
  • the systems available today for monitoring energy consumption in buildings are based on so-called dummy current sensors. These are generally organized in a wireless sensor network and acquire the data on electrical consumption of the systems to which they are connected and send via radio the data to localized control systems, where they are processed and analysed .
  • FIG. 1 and 1A illustrate, respectively, the embodiment of a monitoring system for achieving energy efficiency in a dwelling and in a computer centre according to the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a diagram of logic architecture of the embodiment of the system forming the subject of the invention for a residential or tertiary structure constituted by a number of buildings;
  • FIG. 3 is a detailed diagram of the logic architecture of the co-ordinator and control component of the system forming the subject of the invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a detailed diagram of the logic architecture of the smart wireless sensor network of the system forming the subject of the invention.
  • the monitoring system for achieving energy efficiency of said buildings comprises a multilevel architecture, the first level of which is constituted by a wireless intelligent sensor network ISN with multisensor nodes that enable acquisition of information on the current state of the various premises of a building and of the energy-consuming systems operating therein.
  • physical quantities such as electrical consumption, temperature, luminosity, presence, etc.
  • chemical quantities mainly relative humidity and volatile organic compounds
  • the second architectural level consists in a localized co-ordinator and control system CCL configured for gathering, co-ordinating, and processing the information coming from the multisensor modules installed in the various premises of a building in order to delineate profiles of energy consumption in buildings and supporting actions for active control of the energy-consuming systems operating therein.
  • the co-ordination and control functions can be performed at the level of building as in the case described or at the level of individual dwelling/operating unit (for example, an apartment, the offices of a firm, the laboratories of a research centre, etc.) .
  • said functions can also be replicated at a higher level C for scenarios of application comprising a number of buildings (such as the one described) or a number of dwellings/operating units .
  • the highest levels of the architecture proposed moreover interact with the external environment, i.e., with social-network platforms SN and external-feeding platforms EF (Meteorological Service, Energy Service, etc.) in order to acquire information (such as electricity costs, weather forecast, etc.) necessary both for processing strategies of efficient control of the energy-consuming systems of the building and for motivating the user, through sharing and comparison with the community, to pursue virtuous practices and behaviour oriented at energy saving.
  • EF Metalological Service, Energy Service, etc.
  • the wireless intelligent sensor network ISN that constitutes the system proposed is made up of smart multisensor nodes, designated as a whole by 10, distributed in a mesh (multi-hop) topology, respectively, in a dwelling ( Figure 1) and in a computer centre ( Figure 1A) .
  • the architecture of the nodes has been designed for providing systems comprising:
  • each multisensor node comprises a base module 4A and a data-sink module (designed to receive data) 4B configured for gathering, pre-processing, and transmitting the data acquired by the aforesaid physical devices.
  • the base module integrates a data- acquisition/processing platform DAQ and a data- transmitting/receiving platform Tx/Rx. In its minimal requirements, the base module must enable real-time execution of the support modules RTS for process scheduling, network formation and routing of data, and of the application-oriented modules for smart local processing of the data Cintl via pattern-recognition techniques (for example, neural networks) .
  • the data-sink module consists of a base module appropriately modified for direct interfacing with a personal computer as receiver and transmitter module from and to the network of sensor nodes. This module reflects the architecture of the base module without the need to house sensors and corresponding conditioning subsystems.
  • the multisensor nodes of the architecture of the system proposed are provided with o n-board intelligence; i.e., they are able to evaluate locally the physical/chemical quantities detected (energy consumption, quality of the air and environmental variables, etc.) by means of pattern-recognition statistical techniques and to select the packets to be sent through the network on the basis of their significance.
  • the intelligence implemented on board the multisensor node represents the first level of computational-intelligence of the proposed monitoring system by means of which it becomes possible to monitor even complex phenomena and manage possible interfering phenomena .
  • the wireless sensor network architecture proposed is based upon low-consumption wireless communication protocols such as, but not exclusively, ZigBee, which enable convenient reconfiguration of the parameters and of the network topology.
  • a wireless multisensor node of the system architecture described comprises a power source (PS), such as batteries, mains supply, or photovoltaic cells, a unit for acquisition (sensing element) of the physico-chemical quantities of interest, i.e., an array of sensors (chemical and/or physical sensors) , electronic conditioning circuits, a data-processing unit, i.e., a microcontroller and a communication interface, constituted by receiver and transmitter devices.
  • PS power source
  • a unit for acquisition (sensing element) of the physico-chemical quantities of interest i.e., an array of sensors (chemical and/or physical sensors)
  • electronic conditioning circuits i.e., a data-processing unit, i.e., a microcontroller and a communication interface, constituted by receiver and transmitter devices.
  • microcontroller Assigned to the microcontroller are the implementation of the runtime supporting functions and functions of a specifically applicational nature; forming part of the latter are the data-acquisition routines, routines for management of communication protocols, and functions of smart processing of the data with computational-intelligence algorithms.
  • the information acquired and pre-processed at the first level of the architecture proposed is transmitted via wireless or wired communication protocols to the second level of the architecture, namely, the localized co-ordinator and control system CCL ( Figure 3) .
  • the logic architecture of the system CCL comprises modules 3A for processing and filing the information coming from all the sensor nodes distributed in the various premises of a building.
  • the data-logging module enables gathering and management of the information in a purposely provided structured database;
  • the sensor-fusion module enables reconstruction via sensor-fusion techniques/algorithms of the global state of the premises monitored, i.e., profiles of consumption of the energy-consuming systems, olfactive image of the premises, operative state of the computer centres, etc.
  • the scenarios thus processed are then made available via the web service to client control applications 3B and/or monitoring applications 3C.
  • Said client applications enable display, via purposely provided interfaces, of the information processed, sharing thereof on social- network platforms, and processing of strategies of active control of the energy-consuming systems present in the building on the basis both of the information processed and of information coming from the external environment, such as weather conditions,
  • system CCL implements the capacities of second-level intelligence of the monitoring system proposed, which make it possible to process efficient control strategies of the energy-consuming systems present in the buildings, favour virtuous practices and behaviour by the users, and hence obtain significant energy saving .
  • the architecture of the system proposed is an open architecture so that it does not envisage a single implementation. According to the scenarios of application and to the monitoring requirements, the various components can be integrated on a single system or on different subsystems provided that the functions described are all implemented.
  • the base module of the devices of the system was provided using the commercial module Crossbow TelosB.
  • Said module uses as microcontroller subsystem the processor TIMSP4300 F1611 manufactured by Texas Instruments and is characterized by a 10-KB RAM and 48- KB program memory.
  • the processor has a 16-bit RISC architecture and an energy consumption in the active phase of 500 ⁇ / ⁇ , whilst it enables sleep states (with re-activation in 6 ⁇ 3) with a level of consumption of 2 ⁇ / ⁇ .
  • the MSP430 is provided with 8 ADC (analog-to- digital-converter) external ports.
  • the F1611 also includes a 2-port, 12-bit DAC (digital-to-analog converter) module, and an SPI interface.
  • the filing subsystem of the module TelosB makes available 128 KB of memory for storing the values obtained from the sensors.
  • the radio transmission/reception subsystem was implemented on the basis of the programmable chip CC2420 in compliance with the standard IEEE 802.15.4 and supplies, together with functions of PHY level, a limited support to the MAC level.
  • the radio chip is controlled by the microprocessor through the SPI port and a series of I/O lines and digital interrupts.
  • the radio modulation can be controlled by the microcontroller for low-energy operations and maintains the level of consumption during transmission and reception within 30 ⁇ / ⁇ .
  • the module has an inverted-F microstrip antenna at the margin of the supporting card, located at some distance from the housing for the batteries.
  • the antenna is a dipole where the top part is bent so that it is parallel to the ground plane. Even if it does not have an exactly omnidirectional radiation pattern, the antenna can reach a range of 50 m indoor and 125 m outdoor.
  • the module TelosB has two expansion connectors, one with ten and the other with six pins for interfacing with analog and digital sensors and actuators.
  • the system forming the subject of the invention represents a step forward as compared to the state of the art of monitoring systems for achieving energy efficiency in buildings both as regards the architecture and as regards the operations described above.
  • the architecture of the system includes at least four innovative elements; namely,
  • Said elements enable an innovative approach to the control of energy efficiency in buildings based upon continuous and pervasive monitoring both of the levels of energy consumption and of the quantities (quality of the air and environmental variables, occupation of the premises) that concur in outlining the state of operation and safety of the various premises of a building, and upon active control of the energy- consuming systems operating therein.
  • the aforesaid architectural elements moreover enable scalability of the system proposed to different scenarios of application (dwellings, offices, commercial establishments, computer centres, or ensembles thereof located in one and the same building or complexes of buildings) and to different requirements of measurement and control.
  • the apparatus proposed can be considered perfectly integrable in the innovative platforms that the scientific community is seeking to define and develop, based upon integration of embedded heterogeneous systems to respond to the requirements of energy efficiency and greater comfort for users in buildings.
  • the technologies that are investigated for providing said platforms will in fact have to provide real-time measurements to ensure the integration and control functions.
  • the presence of levels of sensor fusion makes it possible to enrich progressively the semantics of the data gathered enabling an appropriate reconstruction of the state of the premises and of the profiles of consumption of the energy-consuming systems.
  • the information thus obtained which can be used by different client applications implemented on PCs (desktops or laptops), tablets, PCs, or smartphones, enables increase of the awareness on the part of users of the levels of consumption of the energy-consuming systems and definition of strategies of active control thereof, and hence makes it possible to achieve the target of rationalizing the use of energy.
  • the domain of application of the monitoring system proposed comprises both individual dwellings, offices, commercial establishments, computer centres and ensembles thereof organized in one or a number of buildings where it will be possible to:

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Abstract

L'invention porte sur un procédé de contrôle réparti intense et continu pour produire un bon rendement énergétique dans des bâtiments, et, de façon plus générale, dans des complexes de bâtiments articulés, lequel procédé met en œuvre l'utilisation de dispositifs de capteur multiples qui ont une capacité de communiquer sans fil, une capacité d'organisation dans des topologies en réseau et une capacité d'intelligence embarquée. Ces dispositifs, disposés/répartis de façon appropriée dans les nœuds d'un réseau de capteurs sans fil dans les installations à commander, permettent d'obtenir des informations concernant l'état actuel des différentes installations du bâtiment et des systèmes consommant de l'énergie fonctionnant à l'intérieur de celui-ci afin de rationaliser et d'optimiser la consommation d'énergie. L'invention porte également sur un appareil qui met en œuvre des nœuds à capteurs multiples, organisés selon une architecture de réseau de capteurs sans fil à niveaux multiples, et qui est apte à la fois à échanger dans celle-ci les données réunies et pré-traitées localement et à les délivrer à un système de coordinateur et de commande localisé.
PCT/IB2012/055923 2011-10-28 2012-10-26 Procédé de contrôle réparti pour obtenir un bon rendement énergétique dans des bâtiments et appareil pour celui-ci WO2013061300A1 (fr)

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ITRM2011A000571 2011-10-28
IT000571A ITRM20110571A1 (it) 2011-10-28 2011-10-28 Metodo di monitoraggio distribuito per l'efficientamento energetico negli edifici e apparato per la sua attuazione

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WO2014189982A2 (fr) * 2013-05-20 2014-11-27 Aliphcom Combinaison haut-parleur et source de lumière réagissant à un ou plusieurs états d'un organisme sur la base de données de capteur
CN104751282A (zh) * 2015-03-27 2015-07-01 重庆汇贤优策科技有限公司 一种能源监管信息共享***及方法
CN106289411A (zh) * 2016-10-18 2017-01-04 杭州蛟驰科技有限公司 一种房屋形变监测***及其监测方法
CN109931986A (zh) * 2019-04-11 2019-06-25 苏州科技大学 一种建筑物健康状态监测方法与***
CN110234088A (zh) * 2018-03-06 2019-09-13 上海建材集团节能环保科技有限公司 一种幕墙监控传输方法
CN110298104A (zh) * 2019-06-24 2019-10-01 吉林建筑大学 一种采用数字模拟进行节能建筑设计信息处理***及方法
CN110945441A (zh) * 2017-07-18 2020-03-31 恩德莱斯和豪瑟尔过程解决方案股份公司 用于监视自动化***的方法
CN111695173A (zh) * 2019-03-14 2020-09-22 上海易智链智能科技发展有限公司 一种基于bim的木结构安全用电管理方法和***
CN112731852A (zh) * 2021-01-26 2021-04-30 南通大学 一种基于边缘计算的建筑能耗监测***及其监测方法
CN113133009A (zh) * 2020-01-16 2021-07-16 中电***建设工程有限公司 一种用于智能建筑设备的物联网无线组网连接方法
IT202100011057A1 (it) * 2021-04-30 2021-07-30 Natuna S R L Sistema di controllo ed erogazione di almeno un processo di gestione e relativo procedimento.
CN115242840A (zh) * 2022-07-22 2022-10-25 北京住总集团有限责任公司 基于物联网架构的近零能耗建筑运行维护管理***及方法

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WO2014189982A3 (fr) * 2013-05-20 2015-02-12 Aliphcom Combinaison haut-parleur et source de lumière réagissant à un ou plusieurs états d'un organisme sur la base de données de capteur
WO2014189982A2 (fr) * 2013-05-20 2014-11-27 Aliphcom Combinaison haut-parleur et source de lumière réagissant à un ou plusieurs états d'un organisme sur la base de données de capteur
CN104751282A (zh) * 2015-03-27 2015-07-01 重庆汇贤优策科技有限公司 一种能源监管信息共享***及方法
CN106289411A (zh) * 2016-10-18 2017-01-04 杭州蛟驰科技有限公司 一种房屋形变监测***及其监测方法
CN110945441B (zh) * 2017-07-18 2023-11-03 恩德莱斯和豪瑟尔过程解决方案股份公司 用于监视自动化***的方法
CN110945441A (zh) * 2017-07-18 2020-03-31 恩德莱斯和豪瑟尔过程解决方案股份公司 用于监视自动化***的方法
CN110234088A (zh) * 2018-03-06 2019-09-13 上海建材集团节能环保科技有限公司 一种幕墙监控传输方法
CN111695173A (zh) * 2019-03-14 2020-09-22 上海易智链智能科技发展有限公司 一种基于bim的木结构安全用电管理方法和***
CN109931986A (zh) * 2019-04-11 2019-06-25 苏州科技大学 一种建筑物健康状态监测方法与***
CN110298104A (zh) * 2019-06-24 2019-10-01 吉林建筑大学 一种采用数字模拟进行节能建筑设计信息处理***及方法
CN113133009A (zh) * 2020-01-16 2021-07-16 中电***建设工程有限公司 一种用于智能建筑设备的物联网无线组网连接方法
CN112731852A (zh) * 2021-01-26 2021-04-30 南通大学 一种基于边缘计算的建筑能耗监测***及其监测方法
IT202100011057A1 (it) * 2021-04-30 2021-07-30 Natuna S R L Sistema di controllo ed erogazione di almeno un processo di gestione e relativo procedimento.
CN115242840A (zh) * 2022-07-22 2022-10-25 北京住总集团有限责任公司 基于物联网架构的近零能耗建筑运行维护管理***及方法
CN115242840B (zh) * 2022-07-22 2024-06-11 北京住总集团有限责任公司 基于物联网架构的近零能耗建筑运行维护管理***及方法

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