WO2013054805A1 - 画像表示装置用防眩シート - Google Patents
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- WO2013054805A1 WO2013054805A1 PCT/JP2012/076170 JP2012076170W WO2013054805A1 WO 2013054805 A1 WO2013054805 A1 WO 2013054805A1 JP 2012076170 W JP2012076170 W JP 2012076170W WO 2013054805 A1 WO2013054805 A1 WO 2013054805A1
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- antiglare
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B1/00—Optical elements characterised by the material of which they are made; Optical coatings for optical elements
- G02B1/10—Optical coatings produced by application to, or surface treatment of, optical elements
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D5/00—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials to surfaces to obtain special surface effects, finishes or structures
- B05D5/06—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials to surfaces to obtain special surface effects, finishes or structures to obtain multicolour or other optical effects
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
- B32B27/06—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
- B32B27/30—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising vinyl (co)polymers; comprising acrylic (co)polymers
- B32B27/308—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising vinyl (co)polymers; comprising acrylic (co)polymers comprising acrylic (co)polymers
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
- B32B27/40—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising polyurethanes
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
- B32B5/22—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed
- B32B5/30—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed one layer being formed of particles, e.g. chips, granules, powder
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
- G02B5/02—Diffusing elements; Afocal elements
- G02B5/0205—Diffusing elements; Afocal elements characterised by the diffusing properties
- G02B5/021—Diffusing elements; Afocal elements characterised by the diffusing properties the diffusion taking place at the element's surface, e.g. by means of surface roughening or microprismatic structures
- G02B5/0221—Diffusing elements; Afocal elements characterised by the diffusing properties the diffusion taking place at the element's surface, e.g. by means of surface roughening or microprismatic structures the surface having an irregular structure
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
- G02B5/02—Diffusing elements; Afocal elements
- G02B5/0205—Diffusing elements; Afocal elements characterised by the diffusing properties
- G02B5/0236—Diffusing elements; Afocal elements characterised by the diffusing properties the diffusion taking place within the volume of the element
- G02B5/0242—Diffusing elements; Afocal elements characterised by the diffusing properties the diffusion taking place within the volume of the element by means of dispersed particles
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
- G02B5/02—Diffusing elements; Afocal elements
- G02B5/0273—Diffusing elements; Afocal elements characterized by the use
- G02B5/0278—Diffusing elements; Afocal elements characterized by the use used in transmission
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
- G02F1/133502—Antiglare, refractive index matching layers
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
- G02F1/133504—Diffusing, scattering, diffracting elements
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2260/00—Layered product comprising an impregnated, embedded, or bonded layer wherein the layer comprises an impregnation, embedding, or binder material
- B32B2260/02—Composition of the impregnated, bonded or embedded layer
- B32B2260/025—Particulate layer
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- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2262/00—Composition or structural features of fibres which form a fibrous or filamentary layer or are present as additives
- B32B2262/02—Synthetic macromolecular fibres
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- B32B2262/023—Aromatic vinyl resin, e.g. styrenic (co)polymers
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- B32B2262/00—Composition or structural features of fibres which form a fibrous or filamentary layer or are present as additives
- B32B2262/02—Synthetic macromolecular fibres
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- B32B2262/02—Synthetic macromolecular fibres
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- B32B2457/20—Displays, e.g. liquid crystal displays, plasma displays
- B32B2457/202—LCD, i.e. liquid crystal displays
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an antiglare sheet for an image display device that is excellent in blackness, darkness in dark places, and antiglare for moving images (moving image antiglare property), and is suitable for realizing high image quality.
- an optical laminate for preventing reflection is generally provided on the outermost surface. It has been.
- Such an anti-reflection optical laminate suppresses reflection of an image or reduces reflectivity by light diffusion or interference.
- an antiglare sheet in which an antiglare layer having an uneven shape is formed on the surface of a transparent substrate.
- This antiglare sheet can prevent external light from diffusing due to the uneven shape of the surface, thereby preventing visibility from being deteriorated due to reflection of external light or reflection of an image.
- a sheet in which an anti-glare layer is formed by coating a resin containing a filler such as silicon dioxide (silica) on the surface of a transparent substrate film is known (for example, a patent References 1 and 2).
- These antiglare sheets are a type that forms an uneven shape on the surface of the antiglare layer by agglomeration of particles such as cohesive silica, a type that forms an uneven shape on the layer surface by adding an organic filler to the resin, or a layer
- an uneven shape is transferred by laminating a film having unevenness on the surface.
- Such a conventional anti-glare sheet is designed to obtain a light diffusion / anti-glare action by the action of the surface shape of the anti-glare layer, and in order to improve the anti-glare property, the uneven shape is greatly increased.
- the unevenness is large and increased, there is a problem in that the haze value of the coating film increases and white browning occurs, resulting in a decrease in contrast in the bright room.
- the opportunity to appreciate a display that displays a high image quality such as a movie has increased, so the blackness of the black screen in the dark room (hereinafter referred to as “darkness blackness”) is required.
- haze expressed by surface irregularities is “surface haze”, and is expressed when the surface irregularities are smoothed using a resin that forms the surface irregularities or a resin that has a refractive index difference of at least 0.02 or less.
- the haze to be defined is defined as “internal haze” and measured according to JIS K 7136 (2000).
- a haze value or a ratio of internal haze to total haze has been generally used. That is, in the process of manufacturing an optical sheet, it has been considered that an optical sheet with little reduction in contrast can be manufactured by controlling the material specification, manufacturing conditions, etc. so as to control the haze value (Patent Documents 1 to 6). 3).
- the contrast may be different.
- the haze value and the ratio between the internal haze and the total haze are used as an index, a good antiglare sheet for an image display device is not necessarily stable. Can't get to.
- Patent Documents 4 and 5 which show examples of different requirements depending on the viewing environment, describe that the required performance differs between the still image and the moving image, and the viewing state of the observer also differs.
- the present inventors did not simply add the total of internal diffusion and surface diffusion to the total haze as previously considered, but the total haze is other than internal diffusion and surface diffusion. It was also found that it is influenced by the positional relationship between the diffusing particles and the surface irregularities.
- an anti-glare sheet for an image display device suitable for sharing a high blackness and a high-quality moving image and a still image in a dark room and a bright room, for example, a liquid crystal display device.
- a liquid crystal display device As a result of the study, it was found that in order to obtain a high blackness in a dark room, it was necessary to have a diffusion characteristic that hardly caused a “stray light component” that has not been considered so far (hereinafter referred to as an image).
- the display device is sometimes simply referred to as a liquid crystal display device).
- the “stray light component” refers to a diffusion element present on the surface and / or inside of the antiglare sheet (for example, the surface is a concavo-convex shape itself, and the case is a particle for forming a concavo-convex shape) Is a non-controllable light component that travels in a direction different from the target direction inside the anti-glare sheet, and is repeatedly reflected inside the anti-glare sheet. Often to do.
- the stray light component of the image light it is possible to appropriately provide a regular reflection component of external light that has been required only to be prevented so far. We found it important to obtain image quality that can be appreciated.
- the above-mentioned stray light component is partly stray light due to the diffusion element of the optical sheet. It becomes a so-called flare that emits light and causes a decrease in contrast, in particular, a decrease in dark room contrast, as well as a lack of stereoscopic effect and a flat and poorly changing image.
- the stray light component is less affected when viewed from the front, and more strongly affected when viewed from an oblique direction.
- the performance required for such moving images has the contrast, three-dimensionality and dynamic feeling (for example, taking a young man's scene under the blue sky as an example, the black hair displayed on the screen has a smooth feeling.
- anti-reflection anti-glare
- Such reflection of the object in front of the image display device is not completely absent, but the reflection resistance is so weak that the outline of the observer who observes the movie and the outline and boundary of the object in the background are blurred. Is called “video glare-proof”.
- viewing is possible under advanced viewing conditions such as movie viewing, that is, in a dark room without external light, and within a favorable area of the display device (at a luminance of 33.3% or more of the front luminance).
- an antiglare sheet for liquid crystal display devices that is excellent in “darkness blackness”, which is a remarkable and high-level blackness.
- Patent Document 6 describes “blackness” and Patent Document 7 describes “glossy blackness”.
- the liquid crystal display In addition to the stray light component that is very weak at the front and easily perceived as it is tilted, the liquid crystal display has light that leaks from the liquid crystal display element itself (leakage light) even in black display due to its system configuration.
- the blackness when the power is turned on is the amount of blackness when the above-mentioned leakage light and external light reflection are combined, and the blackness when the power is turned off because there is no image light. It is black when there is only external light reflection. In other words, the blackness is strong in both external light and leaked light, and unlike the above-mentioned blackness, the stray light component is not taken into account, and is appropriately required.
- the specular reflection component is not taken into account, so that even if the contrast is high, the image is inferior in the teri and shine, there is no dynamic feeling, and the black feeling is not high.
- priority is given to enlarging the diffusion and enlarging the angle of view, so stray light components are likely to occur, and darkness in dark places tends to decrease.
- glossy blackness suppresses the diffusion of light other than the specular reflection component of light incident on the optical laminate from outside, and prevents the non-specular reflection light from reaching the observer's eyes.
- Reproducibility of black when displaying black on the display device that is, richness of black gradation expression, crossed Nicol polarizing plate or acrylic adhesive for optical film on the opposite side of the film surface of the optical laminate ( Products with a total light transmittance of 90% or more, a haze of 0.5% or less, and a film thickness of 10 to 55 ⁇ m, for example, MHM series: manufactured by Niei Engineering Co., Ltd., Hitachi Chemical Co., Ltd., trade name “L8010”, etc.) After being attached to a black acrylic plate via a sensor, sensory evaluation is performed under three-wavelength fluorescence.
- Contrast is the ratio of white luminance to black luminance. Since the absolute value of black luminance is much smaller than white luminance, contrast is more strongly affected by black luminance. In order to obtain an image with excellent contrast, the black angle of the bright room after increasing the angle of view is “black spots”, the darkness of darkness is black, and the gradation in the black area It is necessary that the “rich luster” that is rich in expression is excellent (hereinafter referred to as excellent black reproduction). Furthermore, in order to achieve a balance between a still image and a moving image, it is necessary to have at least excellent blackness with a three-dimensional effect and a dynamic feeling.
- Patent Documents 8 and 9 which limit the diffusion characteristics of the antiglare sheet, although the contrast is good, physical performance such as adhesion and hard coat properties, which are inevitable for practical use, glare, moving images and still images Problems such as compatibility were not taken into account, and sufficient performance was not obtained.
- JP 2002-267818 A JP2007-334294A JP2007-17626 JP2006-81089A JP 2006-189658 A JP2007-264113A JP2008-32845 JP2010-60924 JP 2010-60925
- the present invention is excellent in a high degree of blackness (darkness blackness), darkness and glossy blackness especially in a dark place without using a low refractive interference layer.
- the object is to provide an antiglare sheet for an image display device.
- liquid crystal televisions are regarded as defects from the viewpoint of an alternative to a CRT that has a narrow angle of view and isotropic properties, and it has been desired that an antiglare sheet also has a function of widening the angle of view.
- the present inventors regard the liquid crystal television as a new display, consider the change in viewing environment, and do not regard the narrow angle of view and lack of isotropy as a defect. The following measures were taken to free the trade-off between the angle of view and the image quality.
- the mountain has the highest peak: a convex part, and there are concave parts at both ends. .
- the positions of the recesses are not always at the same height.
- the height from each of these different recess positions to the top of the triangle is h1 and h2.
- find the height from the recess to the convex find the sum of the heights (one mountain has two heights), and divide by the reference length L This is the angle obtained by calculating the arc tangent of the value.
- ⁇ a tan ⁇ 1 [(h1 + h2 + h3 + h4 +... + hn) / L]
- the present inventors reflect and reflect the light transmitted through the diffusion particles of the image light and the external light incident on the diffusion particles by the difference in refractive index between the diffusion particles and the binder.
- the light diffusion characteristics differ greatly, and the greater the difference in the refractive index between the diffusing particles and the binder, the greater the amount of light reflected by the diffusing particles and the greater the diffusing angle of the light that passes through the diffusing particles. It has been found that the generation of components increases and the amount of reflected external light increases, reducing the contrast.
- the anti-glare sea not only has excellent contrast and video anti-glare properties, but also has excellent blackness (moving images) and image clipping (still images). Was it possible to obtain.
- the diffusing particle 2-2 in FIG. 7-2 when there is a positional relationship between the surface irregularity and the diffusing particle in which the diffusion of external light reflected by the diffusing particle is large, the 1- 1 in FIG. As shown in FIG. 2, the image light is also highly diffused and a stray light component is likely to be generated, and the contrast is easily lowered due to the image light. That is, the magnitude relationship of the contrast reduction due to the stray light component of the image light can be considered by approximating the reflection characteristic of the external light. The same applies to blackness (moving image) due to stray light components.
- the inventors have a high directivity of image light from the inside (a state where light is concentrated in a certain direction), that is, a liquid crystal
- a liquid crystal a state where light is concentrated in a certain direction
- the transmission and diffusion of the antiglare sheet for display devices is preferably small and the regular transmission intensity is suitably high, and that the better the smaller the stray light components of external light and video light are.
- stray light components are generated when transmission diffusion is large, and the directivity of the internal image light becomes low (the light diffuses and does not concentrate with directionality). The display is not lively.
- the cause of the difficulty in reflection for the observer is that the observer's focus is reflected on the outermost surface of the image display device when viewing a still image.
- an external image for example, an image of the observer's own image or an object that is present in the background
- the movie anti-glare property is a weak anti-reflection property that is limited to the time of watching a movie.
- a still image is more sensitive to reflection than a moving image, and needs to be more resistant to reflection than a moving image.
- the moving image antiglare property is satisfied at the same time.
- the moving image anti-glare property which is a weak anti-reflection property, is satisfied without satisfying the cutout of a still image.
- antiglare sheets are often added with conductive particles to provide an antistatic function, and fine particles are added to prevent glare and surface unevenness. It has internal diffusion other than (diffusion).
- FIG. 1 shows, as an example, a simulation result of the surface reflectance of a resin coating film having a refractive index of 1.50 and the reflectance of a spherical diffusing agent particle surface dispersed in the resin coating film by changing the refractive index of the particles. is there.
- the surface diffusion is dominant in the diffuse reflection intensity.
- n ⁇ sin ⁇ sin ⁇ from Snell's law, where ⁇ is the exit angle from the inclined surface ⁇ and n is the refractive index of the coating film, and the exit angle ⁇ is arcsin. (N ⁇ sin ⁇ ) ⁇ .
- the reflection shows twice the change of the inclined surface ⁇ according to the law of reflection, so the reflection angle ⁇ is 2 ⁇ ⁇ . Therefore, within the range of the refractive index of a general coating film and the surface shape of an antiglare sheet, as shown in FIG. 2 which is a calculation result in the case of a resin surface with a refractive index of 1.50, It can be considered that the diffusion angle of transmission is proportional.
- the above (a) to (c) are respectively (a) small transmission diffusion (high regular transmission intensity), (b ′) small regular transmission intensity component, and (c ′) near the regular transmission. In other words, it can be translated into diffusion.
- the haze value that has been used for the anti-glare sheet for liquid crystal display devices so far is the ratio of the light diffused by 2.5 degrees or more from the regular transmission with respect to the total light as shown in JIS K7136 (2000). From the haze value, it is impossible to conceive the idea using diffusion in the vicinity of regular transmission as described above (particularly, diffusion less than 2.5 degrees).
- the amount of diffusion by internal diffusion may be diffusion that does not exceed 2.5 degrees. In this case, the haze due to internal diffusion is zero.
- the reduction rate of the diffuse transmission intensity is closer to 0 degrees. Since it is large, the closer to 0 degrees, the greater the decrease in strength, resulting in an antiglare sheet having a diffuse transmission intensity distribution of c.
- the intensity distribution of the diffusion characteristics includes the diffusion intensity distribution by the diffusion elements and the normal transmission without the diffusion elements. It is the sum of two intensity distributions with only intensity.
- U is the diffusion characteristic of the diffusion element.
- the normal transmission intensity is approximated, and Q / U is the ratio of “part Q having no diffusing element” and “normal transmission intensity U of the diffusing element part”, that is, “intensity Q transmitted normally without transmission diffusion Q ”And“ regular transmission intensity U guided in the 0 degree direction by transmission diffusion ”, which is a measure of the diffusion state in the vicinity of the normal transmission.
- Q / U is approximated to the ratio of the flat part that becomes normal transmission and the uneven part that has an angle other than normal transmission with respect to the surface shape (external diffusion element).
- the interaction is weakened.
- the degree of blackness (moving image) and the quality of the image (still image) are determined by relating to the degree and the degree of strengthening.
- the reflection ratio at the interface when light enters the interface at an angle ⁇ from the inside of the layer is Rp for p-polarized light and Rs for s-polarized light.
- FIG. 6 shows a result obtained by calculating the above formula using a refractive index of 1.50 of a general binder resin. Since the surface irregularities of the antiglare layer are randomly formed, the average reflection ratio can be expressed as (Rp + Rs) / 2. As is apparent from FIG. 6, when the transmission diffusion angle exceeds 30 degrees, the reflection increases rapidly, that is, the stray light component increases rapidly. Therefore, in order not to generate the stray light component, it is preferable that there is no transmission diffusion of 30 degrees or more. Since reflection starts to increase from 20 degrees, the generation of stray light components is ensured by setting the transmission diffusion to 20 degrees or less. Can be prevented.
- the diffusing particles are organic particles
- the surface of the coating layer is difficult to settle in the coating layer because the specific gravity difference with the translucent resin is small. Diffusive particles are likely to be present on the surface of the paint film, or it may protrude from the coating layer or excessively swell the surface, resulting in obstructing the blackness or darkness required in the application. It was.
- an uneven layer having a first convex portion based on the diffusion particle is provided on the transparent base material, and the first convex portion is further formed on the concave layer.
- the present invention is characterized by focusing on Q / U and Log 10 (Q 30 / Q).
- Q / U and Log 10 (Q 30 / Q).
- other parameters that is, claims
- the object of the present invention can be achieved by any combination with various parameters as defined in the following claims.
- An antiglare layer in which a concavo-convex layer composed of diffusing particles and a first binder and a smoothing layer composed of a second binder are laminated in order from the transparent substrate on at least one surface of the transparent substrate.
- the uneven layer has a first convex portion based on the diffusion particles on the surface opposite to the transparent substrate, and the smoothing layer includes the transparent substrate. Having a second convex portion based on the first convex portion on the surface opposite to the surface, and the luminance in the normal transmission direction when the antiglare sheet is irradiated with visible light perpendicularly from the transparent substrate side.
- An antiglare sheet characterized by satisfying the following (formula 1) and (formula 2) when U is U.
- An antiglare layer in which a concavo-convex layer composed of diffusing particles and a first binder and a smoothing layer composed of a second binder are laminated in order from the transparent substrate on at least one surface of the transparent substrate.
- the uneven layer has a first convex portion based on the diffusion particles on the surface opposite to the transparent substrate, and the smoothing layer includes the transparent substrate. Having a second convex portion based on the first convex portion on the surface opposite to the surface, and the luminance in the normal transmission direction when the antiglare sheet is irradiated with visible light perpendicularly from the transparent substrate side.
- the concavo-convex layer has a first convex portion based on the diffusing particles on the surface opposite to the transparent substrate,
- the smoothing layer has a second convex portion based on the first convex portion on a surface opposite to the transparent substrate, and visible light is perpendicularly directed to the antiglare sheet from the transparent substrate side.
- the luminance in the normal transmission direction when irradiated is Q
- the luminance in the direction of 30 degrees from the normal transmission is Q 30
- the straight line connecting the luminance in the direction of +2 degrees from the normal transmission and the luminance in the direction of +1 degree from the normal transmission and Directly connecting the luminance in the direction of ⁇ 2 degrees from the normal transmission and the luminance in the direction of ⁇ 1 degrees from the normal transmission
- the average value of the transmission intensity obtained by extrapolating the lines to the regular transmission is U
- the following (Equation 1) and (Equation 2) are satisfied. , How to improve anti-glare properties, glossiness and blackness.
- the present invention has excellent blackness in darkness (darkness in darkness), blackness, and glossy blackness, and has an antiglare property (moving image antiglare property) that is acceptable for moving images,
- An antiglare sheet for an image display apparatus suitable for actual use can be provided.
- an uneven layer composed of diffusing particles and a first binder and a smoothing layer composed of a second binder are laminated in order from the transparent substrate on at least one surface of the transparent substrate.
- An anti-glare sheet having an anti-glare layer wherein the uneven layer has a first convex portion based on the diffusing particles on a surface opposite to the transparent substrate, and the smoothing layer is And a second convex portion based on the first convex portion on a surface opposite to the transparent substrate, and a positive light when the antiglare sheet is irradiated with visible light vertically from the transparent substrate side.
- Luminance in the transmission direction is Q
- luminance in the direction of 30 degrees from normal transmission is Q 30
- a straight line connecting the luminance in the direction of +2 degrees from normal transmission and the luminance in the direction of +1 degree from normal transmission is extrapolated to normal transmission.
- An antiglare sheet characterized by satisfying the following (formula 1) and (formula 2) when the average value of the transmission intensity is U. (Formula 1) 10 ⁇ Q / U ⁇ 36 (Formula 2) Log 10 (Q 30 / Q) ⁇ 6
- FIG. 5 illustrating a method for measuring the Q and Q 30.
- transmission intensities at normal transmission ⁇ 2 degrees and normal transmission ⁇ 1 degrees are measured, the intensity is connected by a straight line, and an average of transmission intensity extrapolated to normal transmission (0 degree) is defined as a virtual normal transmission intensity U. Define (see FIG. 4).
- the anti-glare property moving image
- the anti-glare property moving image anti-glare property
- the measurement of diffuse transmission intensity is specifically measured as follows.
- Visible light is irradiated vertically from the back surface of the antiglare sheet (the surface opposite to the viewer side of the antiglare sheet).
- the light flux is incident on the antiglare sheet, and the diffuse transmission intensity is measured by scanning the light receiver at once in the range of ⁇ 85 degrees to +85 degrees with the diffusely transmitted light.
- the diameter of the light beam of “GC5000L” is about 3 mm, and this diameter is the average light beam diameter of a commonly used goniophotometer.
- the particle diameter of the diffusing particles used in the present invention is on the order of microns, and the diameter of the luminous flux is about 1000 times larger than the diameter of the particles that are the internal diffusing elements.
- the diameter of the light beam is sufficiently larger than the particle diameter, and the particles are evenly dispersed. Therefore, no matter what point of the sample the light beam is irradiated, there is a significant difference in the measured value. Does not occur and accurate measurement is possible.
- the Q 30 and Q 20 which is the transmission intensity in the direction of 20 degrees from the normal transmission are the average values of 20 degrees and ⁇ 20 degrees measured by the above measuring method, and the average values of Q 20 , 30 degrees and ⁇ 30 degrees. the value and Q 30.
- the present invention is characterized by control using the following formula (x) as an index.
- Log 10 (Q 30 / Q) ⁇ 6 (x) By making Log 10 (Q 30 / Q) less than ⁇ 6, it is possible to obtain an antiglare sheet excellent in blackness (moving image) and darkness in dark place. Furthermore, by satisfying the following formula (y), it is possible to obtain an antiglare sheet that is more excellent in high blackness in a dark place.
- the present invention is also characterized in that control is performed using the following formula (z) as an index. 10 ⁇ Q / U ⁇ 36 (z) By making Q / U more than 10, it is possible to obtain an anti-glare sheet that has excellent blackness (moving image) and is less than 36 by making it less than 36.
- the antiglare sheet of the present invention satisfies the above formulas (x) and (z).
- the anti-glare sheet satisfying the above formulas (x) and (z) has excellent blackness (darkness in dark place), darkness and luster in dark places, and is acceptable for video applications. It becomes an anti-glare sheet which has (video anti-glare property).
- the antiglare sheet of the present invention is formed on at least one surface of the transparent substrate, the uneven layer composed of the diffusion particles and the first binder, and the second layer laminated on the uneven layer. It consists of a smoothing layer made of a binder.
- the first binder and the second binder may be the same binder or different binders.
- the smoothing layer is preferably more than 1 ⁇ m and less than 8 ⁇ m. If the particle size is 1 ⁇ m or less, there is a possibility that irregularities with a large inclination angle remain so that the particles are not sufficiently buried and the blackness is impaired.
- the thickness of the smoothing layer is preferably 1.5 to 7 ⁇ m, more preferably 2 to 5 ⁇ m.
- Such a laminated state can be easily discriminated by observing the antiglare layer with a cross-sectional electron microscope (TEM, STEM). Even if the first binder and the second binder are the same binder, the uneven layer and the smoothing are smoothed by the change in the binder composition due to the impregnation into the transparent substrate, the difference in the orientation of the binder molecules at the interface, etc. The layer interface appears.
- TEM cross-sectional electron microscope
- the thickness T ( ⁇ m) of the antiglare layer and the total haze Ha (%) of the antiglare sheet ), Haze Hi (%) caused by internal diffusion, and the relationship between diffusion due to surface irregularities (hereinafter sometimes referred to as external diffusion) and diffusion (Ha-Hi) as the sum of interactions between internal diffusions The performance of the anti-glare sheet can be further improved by selecting the combination of the binder resin of the anti-glare layer, the transparent base resin and the like.
- the thickness T ( ⁇ m) of the antiglare layer is (Equation 5) 3 ⁇ T ⁇ 8 It is preferable to satisfy.
- the thickness T of the antiglare layer is 3 ⁇ m or less, the hard coat property is inferior, and when it is 8 ⁇ m or more, distortion at the interface with the particles increases, and cracks are likely to occur due to a load applied to the antiglare sheet.
- Hi is preferably less than 30%, and more preferably less than 15%.
- the total haze is not the sum of internal diffusion and surface diffusion as previously considered, but the total haze is not only the internal diffusion and the surface diffusion, but the knowledge that the positional relationship between both diffusion elements affects
- the basic idea is that the total haze is haze due to the interaction between internal haze + external haze + internal diffusion elements and surface irregularities. Therefore, if the haze of the antiglare sheet is Ha and the haze generated by internal diffusion is Hi, Ha-Hi can be said to be the sum of haze and external haze due to the interaction between the internal diffusion elements and the surface irregularities.
- the ratio G of the value of the optical comb of 2.0 mm to the optical comb of 0.125 mm in the transmitted image definition of the antiglare sheet based on JIS K7105 is less than 2.
- the value at 0.125 mm of the optical comb represents the size of diffusion in the vicinity of regular transmission (the smaller the value, the larger the diffusion), which causes fine distortion of the image light, that is, glare.
- the value with the 2.0 mm optical comb represents the effect of making the diffusion in a wider range, i.e., the glare less noticeable, and the larger the value, the smaller the effect.
- this relationship can be expressed by G, and if it is 2 or more, the glare becomes conspicuous.
- the G is more preferably less than 1.9, and even more preferably less than 1.4.
- the diffusion particles dispersed in the first binder will be described in detail below.
- the diffusing particles are preferably translucent fine particles, and may be organic particles, inorganic particles, or a mixture of organic particles and inorganic particles. Since the spherical organic particles can easily control the uneven shape, it is preferable to include at least one kind of spherical organic particles.
- the average particle diameter of the diffusing particles used is preferably in the range of 0.5 to 10 ⁇ m, more preferably 1 to 9 ⁇ m, and most preferably 1.5 to 8.0 ⁇ m. It is. Within this range, it is possible to adjust the diffuse transmission intensity distribution due to the internal diffusion and / or external diffusion and / or the interaction between the internal diffusion element and the surface irregularities.
- the relationship with the average particle diameter R of the diffusing particles preferably satisfies the following formula.
- R / 2 ⁇ L ⁇ R If it is more than R / 2, there will be no defects due to detachment of the diffusing particles from the uneven layer during the production of the antiglare sheet, and if it is less than R, the diffusing particles are present on the transparent substrate side in the antiglare layer.
- the relationship between the average particle diameter R of the diffusing particles and the antiglare layer thickness T preferably satisfies the following formula. 0.7 ⁇ R / T ⁇ 0.95 If the ratio R / T of the average particle diameter to the antiglare layer thickness is 0.95 or more, the diffusing particles may protrude to the outermost surface of the coating layer, or the unevenness caused by the diffusing particles may be sharp. If the R / T is 0.7 or less, the projections and depressions may not be sufficiently formed and the reflection may be strong. By satisfying the above formula, an appropriate uneven shape can be easily formed.
- the said average particle diameter can be measured as a weight average diameter (volume average diameter) by the Coulter counter method, when measuring only the diffusion particle.
- the average particle diameter of the diffusing particles in the antiglare layer is obtained as an average value of the maximum diameters of 10 particles in the transmission optical microscope observation of the antiglare layer.
- the cumulative 25% diameter refers to the particle diameter when counted from a particle having a small particle diameter in the particle size distribution and reaches 25% by weight.
- the cumulative 75% diameter is similarly counted to 75% by weight. The particle diameter when it becomes%.
- a method for adjusting the variation in particle diameter for example, it can be performed by adjusting the conditions of the synthesis reaction, and classification after the synthesis reaction is also an effective means.
- classification particles having a desired distribution can be obtained by increasing the number of times or increasing the degree. It is preferable to use a method such as an air classification method, a centrifugal classification method, a sedimentation classification method, a filtration classification method, or an electrostatic classification method for classification.
- the difference in refractive index between the binder constituting the antiglare layer and the diffusing particles is preferably 0.005 to 0.25.
- the difference in refractive index is more preferably 0.01 to 0.2, and still more preferably 0.015 to 0.15.
- the refractive index of the diffusing particles is determined by measuring the turbidity by dispersing equal amounts of the diffusing particles in the solvent in which the refractive index is changed by changing the mixing ratio of two types of solvents having different refractive indexes.
- the refractive index of the solvent is measured by a method such as using a Cargill reagent.
- the refractive index of the first and second binders can be measured with an Abbe refractometer by using a Abbe refractometer with only a binder that has been coated, dried, and cured from a resin composition for coating described later. it can.
- the refractive indexes of the diffusing particles and the first and second binders can be obtained by actually removing the particles or fragments of the particles or binder or binder fragments from the film after forming the antiglare sheet.
- the method of measuring by the above method, the method of measuring the cut surface of the antiglare sheet with an ellipsometer, the method of measuring the laser interference of the antiglare sheet (phase shift laser interference microscope manufactured by FK Optical Research Laboratory Co., Ltd.) It can also be measured with a two-beam interference microscope manufactured by Mizojiri Optical Co., Ltd.).
- the diffusion particle is an organic particle having a refractive index different from that of the first and / or second binder, and a component in the coating liquid has an impregnated layer infiltrated into the organic particle, and the coating liquid is in the center of the organic particle. If the component inside is not impregnated, the difference in refractive index at the interface between the organic particles and the first and / or second binder is reduced, and reflection at the interface is suppressed, so stray light components are not easily generated, and Since the inside of the organic particles has a large difference in refractive index with the first and / or second binder, the internal diffusion is maintained, which is more preferable because it is easy to achieve both prevention of stray light component generation and glare prevention.
- the crosslink density of organic particles can be reduced, the impregnating solvent can be shared, the coating solution storage temperature can be increased, etc. It is important to select conditions that provide a preferable amount of impregnation.
- the central portion not impregnated with the components in the coating liquid preferably has a diameter of visible light wavelength or more from the viewpoint of maintaining internal diffusion performance, and has a diameter of 1 ⁇ m or more. It is more preferable.
- the diameter of the non-impregnated portion of the central portion is calculated in advance by calculating the average diameter of the particles in the antiglare layer by observation with a transmission optical microscope or the like as described above.
- the cross-section is 3000 to 50,000 times with STEM, and any five scenes where one or more fine particles with an impregnated layer are always present are observed. After photographing, the most impregnated part is measured and the average value is obtained. (Average value of 5 or more particles) is determined.
- the average value of the impregnated portion can be calculated by subtracting from the original average particle size value.
- Translucent organic particles include polymethyl methacrylate particles, polyacryl-styrene copolymer particles, melamine resin particles, polycarbonate particles, polystyrene particles, polyvinyl chloride particles, benzoguanamine-melamine formaldehyde particles, silicone particles, and fluorine resin particles. Polyester resins and organic particles having hollows or pores are used.
- Examples of the light-transmitting inorganic particles include silica particles, alumina particles, zirconia particles, titania particles, talc, mica, kaolin, smectite, bentonite particles, and inorganic particles having hollows and pores.
- the diffusing particles preferably have a spherical shape in a single particle state. Since the diffusing particle single particles have such a spherical shape, the diffusion angle of light by the particles does not increase and the generation of stray light components can be suppressed, so that an antiglare sheet with excellent blackness can be obtained. Can do.
- the “spherical shape” includes, for example, a true spherical shape, an elliptical spherical shape, and the like, and has a meaning excluding an indefinite shape having a so-called angular portion and a large number of light diffusing portions.
- the content of the diffusing particles in the coating liquid is not particularly limited, but is preferably 0.5 to 30 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the radiation curable translucent resin described later. If the amount is less than 0.5 parts by mass, a sufficient uneven shape cannot be formed on the surface of the antiglare layer, and the antiglare performance of the antiglare sheet of the present invention may be insufficient. On the other hand, when the amount exceeds 30 parts by mass, aggregation of the diffusing particles occurs in the coating liquid, a large convex portion is formed on the surface of the antiglare layer, and the desired performance cannot be obtained, and white brown or glare occurs. May end up.
- the minimum with more preferable content of the said diffusion particle is 1 mass part, and a more preferable upper limit is 20 mass parts. By being in this range, the above-mentioned effect can be further ensured.
- the diffusing particles are appropriately dispersed in the binder from the viewpoint of suppressing roughness and glare.
- dispersion controlling particles having an average particle size of 1 ⁇ 2 or less of the diffusing particles can be used. It is preferable that the dispersion controlling particle itself does not form a convex portion and does not serve as a diffusion element.
- the dispersion controlling particles can be selected from the above-described translucent organic fine particles and translucent inorganic fine particles. However, if the refractive index is different from that of the binder and the shape is indefinite, the internal diffusion angle becomes large and stray light components may be generated.
- Particles having an average particle size of 100 nm or less are preferable as dispersion control particles because internal diffusion does not occur even if there is a difference in refractive index.
- the dispersion control particles are translucent inorganic fine particles, it is preferable to perform a hydrophobic surface treatment with a silane compound or the like in order to increase the dispersibility of the dispersion control particles themselves in the binder.
- a treatment such as having a reactive group on the treatment surface such as a silane coupling agent, it can be combined with a binder resin, so that the hard coat property can be improved.
- a translucent ionizing radiation curable resin or a thermosetting resin can be used as the first and second binders constituting the antiglare layer.
- a resin composition containing an ionizing radiation curable resin or a thermosetting resin is applied to a transparent substrate, and the monomers, oligomers and prepolymers contained in the resin composition are crosslinked and It can be formed by polymerizing.
- the reactive functional group of the monomer, oligomer, and prepolymer is preferably an ionizing radiation polymerizable one, and among them, a photopolymerizable functional group is preferable.
- the photopolymerizable functional group include unsaturated polymerizable functional groups such as a (meth) acryloyl group, a vinyl group, a styryl group, and an allyl group.
- the prepolymer and oligomer include acrylates such as urethane (meth) acrylate, polyester (meth) acrylate, and epoxy (meth) acrylate, unsaturated polyester, and epoxy resin.
- Monomers include styrene monomers such as styrene and ⁇ -methylstyrene; methyl (meth) acrylate, 2-ethylhexyl (meth) acrylate, pentaerythritol (meth) acrylate, pentaerythritol tri (meth) acrylate, pentaerythritol Tetra (meth) acrylate, pentaerythritol ethoxytetra (meth) acrylate, dipentaerythritol hexa (meth) acrylate, dipentaerythritol penta (meth) acrylate, trimethylolpropane tri (meth) acrylate, trimethylolpropane ethoxytri (meth) Acrylate, glycerin propoxytriacrylate, ditrimethylolpropane tetraacrylate, polyethylene glycol di (meth) acrylate, bis Eno
- a polyfunctional acrylate is preferable, and among them, pentaerythritol tri (meth) acrylate, pentaerythritol tetra (meth) acrylate, dipentaerythritol hexa (meth) acrylate, and dipentaerythritol penta (meth) acrylate are more preferable. preferable.
- a polymer to the resin composition as the first and second binders.
- the polymer include polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) and cellulose acetate propionate (CAP).
- the preferred weight average molecular weight of the polymer is 20,000 to 100,000.
- the viscosity is 20,000 to 100,000.
- the weight average molecular weight of this invention is calculated
- the photopolymerization initiator can be added to the resin composition as necessary.
- the radical photopolymerization initiator acetophenones, benzoins, benzophenones, phosphine oxides, ketals, anthraquinones, thioxanthones, azo compounds and the like are used.
- acetophenones 2,2-dimethoxyacetophenone, 2,2-diethoxyacetophenone, p-dimethylacetophenone, 1-hydroxy-dimethylphenylketone, 1-hydroxy-dimethyl-p-isopropylphenylketone, 1-hydroxycyclohexylphenyl Ketone, 2-methyl-4-methylthio-2-morpholinopropiophenone, 2-benzyl-2-dimethylamino-1- (4-morpholinophenyl) -butanone, 4-phenoxydichloroacetophenone, 4-t-butyl-
- benzoins include benzoin, benzoin methyl ether, benzoin ethyl ether, benzoin isopropyl ether, benzyl dimethyl ketal, and benzoin benzenesulfonic acid.
- Benzophenones include benzophenone, hydroxybenzophenone, 4benzoyl-4′-methyldiphenyl sulfide, 2,4-dichlorobenzophenone, 4,4-dichlorobenzophenone and p-chlorobenzophenone, 4,4′-dimethylaminobenzophenone ( Michler's ketone), 3,3 ′, 4,4′-tetra (t-butylperoxycarbonyl) benzophenone and the like can be used.
- Photosensitizers can also be mixed and used, and specific examples thereof include n-butylamine, triethylamine, poly-n-butylphosphine and the like.
- the internal diffusion can be controlled by adjusting the refractive index of the transparent resin by adding fine particles having a high refractive index or a low refractive index of 100 nm or less to the ionizing radiation curable resin or thermosetting resin. Is possible.
- organosilane is contained in the binder, the combination of resin, solvent system, particle lipophilicity and hydrophilicity in the coating solution will cause large changes in the cohesiveness of the particles, resulting in unstable optical properties. Is preferably avoided. This is because even if one type of particle is used, for example, since composition variation occurs due to the difference in solvent volatility during drying (usually two or more types), it is difficult to control aggregation and dispersion. It is analogized that. This is particularly remarkable when two or more kinds of particles having different lipophilicity and hydrophilicity are used. For this reason, there is a possibility that control of roughness and glare cannot be performed due to the occurrence of steep unevenness.
- a solvent is usually used in the radiation curable resin composition in order to adjust the viscosity and to dissolve or disperse each component.
- the solvent can be adjusted for the transmission intensity distribution due to external diffusion because the surface state of the coating film varies depending on the coating / drying process. It is preferable to select appropriately. Specifically, it is selected in consideration of saturated vapor pressure, permeability to a transparent substrate, and the like.
- the thickness of the antiglare layer is controlled, and the surface of the substrate is impregnated by impregnating the transparent substrate.
- This technique is particularly effective when the transparent substrate is made of a cellulose resin.
- a solvent having an impregnation property for the particles at least part of the components of the transparent resin can easily penetrate into the particles, and the above-described impregnation layer can be adjusted, which leads to control of the diffuse transmission strength.
- the solvent can be appropriately selected from the above viewpoints. Specifically, aromatic solvents such as toluene and xylene, and ketones such as methyl ethyl ketone (MEK), methyl isobutyl ketone (MIBK), and cyclohexanone are preferable. These may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- aromatic solvents such as toluene and xylene
- ketones such as methyl ethyl ketone (MEK), methyl isobutyl ketone (MIBK), and cyclohexanone are preferable. These may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- cellosolves such as methyl cellosolve and ethyl cellosolve and cellosolve acetates
- alcohols such as ethanol, isopropanol, butanol, and cyclohexanol may be mixed.
- additives other than the diffusion particles are blended in the first and second binders as necessary.
- various surfactants can be used in order to improve the properties such as anti-aggregation effect and anti-settling effect, and other leveling properties.
- a silicone oil, a fluorosurfactant, preferably a fluorosurfactant containing a perfluoroalkyl group is preferable because it prevents the antiglare layer from having a Benard cell structure.
- a resin composition containing a solvent is applied and dried, a difference in surface tension or the like occurs between the film surface and the inner surface in the coating film, thereby causing a large number of convections in the film.
- a structure generated by this convection is called a Benard cell structure, and it becomes a yuzu skin or a coating defect.
- the Benard cell structure adversely affects blackness (moving images), image sharpness (still images), and the like.
- this convection can be prevented, so that not only a concavo-convex film having no defects and unevenness can be obtained, but also the adjustment of the transmission diffusion luminance characteristic is facilitated.
- an antifouling agent an antistatic agent, a colorant (pigment, dye), a flame retardant, an ultraviolet absorber, an infrared absorber, an adhesion promoter, a polymerization inhibitor, an antioxidant, a surface modifier, etc.
- a colorant pigment, dye
- a flame retardant an ultraviolet absorber
- an infrared absorber an infrared absorber
- an adhesion promoter an adhesion promoter
- a polymerization inhibitor an antioxidant, a surface modifier, etc.
- the transparent substrate used in the antiglare sheet of the present invention is not particularly limited as long as it is usually used in an antiglare sheet for an image display device, such as a transparent resin film, a transparent resin plate, a transparent resin sheet, and transparent glass. .
- Transparent resin films include triacetylcellulose film (TAC film), diacetylcellulose film, acetylbutylcellulose film, acetylpropylcellulose film, cyclic polyolefin film, polyethylene terephthalate film, polyethersulfone film, polyacrylic resin film, polyurethane film Resin films, polyester films, polycarbonate films, polysulfone films, polyether films, polymethylpentene films, polyether ketone films, (meth) acrylonitrile films, polynorbornene resin films, and the like can be used.
- TAC film triacetylcellulose film
- diacetylcellulose film diacetylcellulose film
- acetylbutylcellulose film acetylpropylcellulose film
- cyclic polyolefin film polyethylene terephthalate film
- polyethersulfone film polyacrylic resin film
- polyurethane film Resin films polyester films, polycarbonate films, polysulf
- the TAC film is resistant to weathering because it does not disturb polarization.
- a polyester film such as a polyethylene terephthalate film is preferable.
- the said transparent base material may be a multilayer, a single layer, and may provide a primer layer on the surface for the purpose of adhesiveness with a coating film.
- a coating solution that impregnates the transparent substrate may be used.
- An interference fringe prevention layer having an intermediate refractive index may be provided between the film layer and unevenness of about 0.3 to 1.5 ⁇ m may be provided as the surface roughness (10-point average roughness Rz). Is possible. Rz is a value measured based on a method based on JIS B0601 1994 with a cutoff value of 2.5 mm and an evaluation speed of 0.5 mm / s.
- the antiglare sheet according to the present invention can have functions such as hard coat properties, antireflection, antireflection properties, antistatic properties, and antifouling properties.
- Hard coat properties are usually the maximum load at which scratches are not confirmed when a black tape is applied to the back side of a 10-reciprocal rubbing test while applying a load with pencil hardness (measured according to JIS K5400) or steel wool # 0000. (Steel wool scuff resistance)
- the pencil hardness is preferably H or higher, and more preferably 2H or higher.
- the maximum load at which no scratch is confirmed even after 10 reciprocating rubbing tests is preferably 200 g / cm 2 or more, more preferably 500 g / cm 2 or more, and 700 g / cm 2. It is particularly preferable that it is cm 2 or more.
- antistatic performance in terms of preventing static electricity on the antiglare sheet surface.
- a method of applying a conductive coating liquid containing a conductive curable resin and a conductive fine particle, a conductive polymer, a quaternary ammonium salt, a polythiophene, other conductive organic compounds, and the like for example, a method of applying a conductive coating liquid containing a conductive curable resin and a conductive fine particle, a conductive polymer, a quaternary ammonium salt, a polythiophene, other conductive organic compounds, and the like.
- a conventionally known method such as a method of forming a conductive thin film by vapor deposition or sputtering of a metal or metal oxide that forms a transparent film can be used.
- the antistatic layer can be used as a part of a functional layer such as a hard coat, reflection resistance, and antireflection.
- the surface resistance value is preferably 10 12 ⁇ / ⁇ or less, more preferably 10 11 ⁇ / ⁇ or less, and particularly preferably 10 10 ⁇ / ⁇ or less.
- the so-called saturation band voltage which is the maximum voltage that can be stored in the optical film, is preferably 2 kV or less with an applied voltage of 10 kV.
- an antifouling layer can be provided on the outermost surface of the antiglare sheet of the present invention.
- the antifouling layer lowers the surface energy and makes it difficult to attach hydrophilic or lipophilic stains.
- the antifouling layer can be imparted by adding an antifouling agent, and examples of the antifouling agent include fluorine compounds, silicon compounds, and mixtures thereof, and compounds having a fluoroalkyl group are particularly preferred.
- stacked on the surface can be provided in the outermost surface of the anti-glare sheet of this invention.
- the low refractive index layer is a layer having a thickness of about 80 to 120 nm and reduces reflection of external light by interference.
- the low refractive index layer is not limited in any way, but it is preferable to form a coating liquid containing an ultraviolet curable resin to which porous or hollow silica is added by coating and curing. By applying and curing the coating liquid, the fine and sharp irregularities present on the convex portions on the surface of the antiglare layer are smoothed to become smoother, and in addition to the antireflection effect, the blackness can be further improved. Can be planned.
- the antiglare sheet of the present invention is produced by applying a resin composition constituting an antiglare layer having an uneven shape on the outermost surface to a transparent substrate.
- a resin composition constituting an antiglare layer having an uneven shape on the outermost surface to a transparent substrate.
- Various methods can be used as the coating method, such as dip coating, air knife coating, curtain coating, roll coating, wire bar coating, gravure coating, die coating, blade coating, Known methods such as a micro gravure coating method, a spray coating method, a spin coating method, and a reverse coating method are used.
- the roll coating method since the transmission diffusion luminance characteristics vary depending on the coating amount, the roll coating method, the gravure coating method, the die coating method, and the reverse coating method that can easily obtain the antiglare layer in a range of 3 to 8 ⁇ m are preferable.
- the solvent After applying by any one of the above methods, it is transported to a heated zone to dry the solvent, and the solvent is dried by various known methods.
- the solvent relative evaporation rate, solid content concentration, coating solution temperature, drying temperature, drying air velocity, drying time, solvent atmosphere concentration in the drying zone, etc. external diffusion and surface diffusion due to the profile of surface irregularities
- the internal diffusion due to the particles and the additives can be adjusted.
- a method of adjusting transmission diffusion luminance characteristics by selecting drying conditions is simple and preferable.
- the drying temperature is preferably 30 to 120 ° C.
- the drying wind speed is preferably 0.2 to 50 m / s, and the transmission diffusion luminance characteristic can be adjusted by appropriately adjusting within this range.
- the permeability of the resin and solvent to the substrate can be adjusted by controlling the type of solvent and the drying temperature / wind speed. That is, when the solvent conditions are the same, the permeability of the resin and the solvent to the base material can be adjusted by controlling the drying temperature, and as described above, the surface unevenness shape is controlled.
- ionizing radiation curing can be performed to cure the coating film.
- the ionizing radiation species in the present invention is not particularly limited, and ultraviolet rays, electron beams, near ultraviolet rays, visible light, near infrared rays, infrared rays, X-rays, and the like are appropriately used depending on the type of curable composition forming the coating film. Although it can be selected, ultraviolet rays are particularly preferable because they are easy to handle and high energy can be easily obtained.
- the light source for photopolymerizing the ultraviolet reactive compound any light source that generates ultraviolet light can be used.
- a low pressure mercury lamp, a medium pressure mercury lamp, a high pressure mercury lamp, an ultrahigh pressure mercury lamp, a carbon arc lamp, a metal halide lamp, a xenon lamp, a fusion lamp, or the like can be used.
- An ArF excimer laser, a KrF excimer laser, an excimer lamp, synchrotron radiation, or the like can also be used.
- low-pressure mercury lamps, medium-pressure mercury lamps, high-pressure mercury lamps, ultrahigh-pressure mercury lamps, carbon arc lamps, metal halide lamps, xenon lamps, and fusion lamps can be preferably used.
- Example 1 Triacetyl cellulose (manufactured by Fuji Film Co., Ltd., thickness 80 ⁇ m) was prepared as a transparent substrate.
- a first binder 70 parts by mass of pentaerythritol tetraacrylate (PETTA, product name: M-451, manufactured by Toa Gosei Co., Ltd.), and isocyanuric acid PO-modified triacrylate (product name: M-313, Toa Gosei Co., Ltd.) )) 30 parts by mass of a mixture was used (refractive index 1.51).
- PETTA pentaerythritol tetraacrylate
- M-313 isocyanuric acid PO-modified triacrylate
- styrene acrylic copolymer particles (refractive index 1.57, average particle size 5 ⁇ m, manufactured by Sekisui Plastics Co., Ltd.) and reactive colloidal silica (product name: MIBK-SD, average particles as dispersion control fine particles)
- the diameter was 12 nm
- the solid content was 30%
- MIBK solvent manufactured by Nissan Chemical Co., Ltd.
- initiator Irgacure 184 manufactured by BASF Japan
- leveling agent polyether-modified silicone TSF4460, manufactured by Momentive Performance Materials
- a resin composition obtained by adding 180 parts by mass of a solvent mixture of toluene and cyclohexanone (mass ratio 7/3) as a solvent to 100 parts by mass of the binder resin is applied to the transparent substrate. Then, 50 ° C. dry air was circulated for 15 seconds at a flow rate of 10 m / s, and then 70 ° C.
- a resin composition obtained by blending 190 parts by mass of a mixed solvent of toluene and cyclohexanone (mass ratio 7/3) as a solvent with respect to 100 parts by mass of the binder resin was applied on the uneven layer. And dried by flowing 70 ° C. dry air at a flow rate of 20 m / s for 30 seconds. This was irradiated with ultraviolet rays (200 mJ / cm 2 under a nitrogen atmosphere) to cure the translucent resin, thereby producing an antiglare sheet.
- the antiglare layer thickness after curing was set to 7.1 ⁇ m as a whole.
- Example 2 An antiglare sheet was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the diffusing particles for forming the uneven layer were 13 parts by mass and the antiglare layer thickness was 6.2 ⁇ m in total.
- Example 3 An antiglare sheet was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the diffusion particles for forming the uneven layer were 11 parts by mass and the antiglare layer thickness was 5.3 ⁇ m as a whole.
- Example 4 An antiglare sheet was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the diffusion particles for forming the uneven layer were 12 parts by mass and the antiglare layer thickness was 6.3 ⁇ m in total.
- Example 5 An antiglare sheet was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the diffusing particles for forming the uneven layer were 14 parts by mass and the antiglare layer thickness was 6.8 ⁇ m in total.
- Example 6 The diffusion particles for forming the uneven layer are 9 parts by mass of polystyrene particles (refractive index 1.59, average particle size 3.5 ⁇ m, manufactured by Sekisui Plastics Co., Ltd.), the uneven layer thickness is 2.2 ⁇ m, and the antiglare layer thickness is An antiglare sheet was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the thickness was 4.2 ⁇ m as a whole.
- Example 7 An antiglare sheet was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the diffusing particles for forming the uneven layer were 10 parts by mass and the antiglare layer thickness was 7.5 ⁇ m as a whole.
- the diffusing particles for forming the uneven layer are 6 parts by mass of styrene acrylic copolymer particles (refractive index 1.56, average particle size 3.5 ⁇ m, manufactured by Sekisui Plastics Co., Ltd.), and the uneven layer thickness is 2.2 ⁇ m.
- An antiglare sheet was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the total thickness of the glare layer was 6.7 ⁇ m.
- Example 9 The diffusing particles for forming the uneven layer are 3 parts by mass of styrene acrylic copolymer particles (refractive index 1.56, average particle size 3.5 ⁇ m, manufactured by Sekisui Plastics Co., Ltd.), and the uneven layer thickness is 2.2 ⁇ m.
- An antiglare sheet was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the total glare layer thickness was 5.5 ⁇ m.
- Triacetyl cellulose (manufactured by Fuji Film Co., Ltd., thickness 80 ⁇ m) was prepared as a transparent substrate.
- a first binder 70 parts by mass of pentaerythritol tetraacrylate (PETTA, product name: M-451, manufactured by Toa Gosei Co., Ltd.), and isocyanuric acid PO-modified triacrylate (product name: M-313, Toa Gosei Co., Ltd.) )) 30 parts by mass of a mixture was used (refractive index 1.51).
- styrene acrylic copolymer particles (refractive index 1.56, average particle size 3.5 ⁇ m, manufactured by Sekisui Plastics Co., Ltd.) and reactive colloidal silica (product name: MIBK-SD) as dispersion control fine particles are used.
- initiator Irgacure 184 manufactured by BASF Japan
- leveling agent polyether-modified silicone TSF4460, manufactured by Momentive Performance Materials
- a resin composition obtained by blending 180 parts by mass of a mixed solvent of toluene and cyclohexanone (mass ratio 7/3) as a solvent with respect to 100 parts by mass of the binder resin is formed on the transparent substrate. After coating, 50 ° C. dry air was circulated for 15 seconds at a flow rate of 10 m / s, and further, 70 ° C.
- the diffusion particles for forming the uneven layer are 10 parts by mass of styrene acrylic copolymer particles (refractive index 1.57, average particle size 5 ⁇ m, manufactured by Sekisui Plastics Co., Ltd.), the uneven layer thickness is 4.5 ⁇ m, and the antiglare layer An antiglare sheet was prepared in the same manner as in Comparative Example 1 except that the thickness was 9.4 ⁇ m as a whole.
- Comparative Example 3 Except that the diffusion particles for forming the uneven layer are 8 parts by mass of polystyrene particles (refractive index 1.59, average particle size 3.5 ⁇ m, manufactured by Sekisui Plastics Co., Ltd.) and the antiglare layer thickness is 4.6 ⁇ m as a whole. In the same manner as in Comparative Example 1, an antiglare sheet was produced. (Comparative Example 4) The diffusion particles for forming the uneven layer are made of 11 parts by mass of polystyrene particles (refractive index 1.59, average particle size 3.5 ⁇ m, manufactured by Sekisui Plastics Co., Ltd.), and the antiglare layer thickness is 4.4 ⁇ m in total.
- PETA pentaerythritol triacrylate
- DPHA dipentaerythritol hexaacrylate
- PMMA polymethyl methacrylate
- polystyrene particles As diffusion particles, 12 parts by mass of polystyrene particles (refractive index: 1.59, average particle size: 3.5 ⁇ m, manufactured by Sekisui Plastics Kogyo Co., Ltd.) was added to 100 parts by mass of the binder resin. Furthermore, initiator Irgacure 184 (manufactured by BASF Japan) and leveling agent polyether-modified silicone (TSF4460, manufactured by Momentive Performance Materials) were added in an amount of 5 parts by mass and 0.04 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the binder resin, respectively. .
- initiator Irgacure 184 manufactured by BASF Japan
- leveling agent polyether-modified silicone TEZ4460, manufactured by Momentive Performance Materials
- a resin composition obtained by adding 190 parts by mass of a mixed solvent of toluene and cyclohexanone (mass ratio 7/3) as a solvent to 100 parts by mass of the binder resin is applied to the transparent substrate. Then, 70 ° C. dry air was circulated for 15 seconds at a flow rate of 1 m / s, and then 70 ° C. dry air was further circulated for 30 seconds at a flow rate of 20 m / s. Thereafter, ultraviolet rays were irradiated (200 mJ / cm 2 under a nitrogen atmosphere) to cure the translucent resin, thereby producing an antiglare sheet. A smoothing layer was not provided. The antiglare layer thickness after curing was 4.5 ⁇ m.
- Total haze Ha (%) measurement method
- the total haze value can be measured according to JIS K-7136 (2000).
- a haze meter HM-150 (Murakami Color Research Laboratory) was used as a measuring instrument. The haze is measured with the transparent substrate surface facing the light source.
- the antiglare sheet for liquid crystal display devices should be squeezed beforehand. Hydrophilic treatment is performed by chemical treatment (2 mol / l NaOH (or KOH) solution 55 ° C for 3 minutes, then washed with water, completely removed with Kimwipe etc., then dried in 50 ° C oven for 1 minute) Good.
- the sheet having a flat surface does not have surface irregularities and has no interaction, and therefore has only internal haze.
- the haze of this sheet can be measured as the total haze according to JIS K-7136 and determined as the internal haze.
- the haze of the triacetyl cellulose base material itself used in the examples of the present invention is 0.2.
- the internal haze of the antiglare layer itself is obtained by subtracting the haze of the base material from the above internal haze, but is not subtracted in the present invention.
- the noise inside the entire laminate rather than the inside of the anti-glare layer alone. For example, if the haze is about 0.2, the influence is small, but if a substrate having a high haze is used, if it is subtracted, the optical property evaluation as a laminate is different.
- having a hard property means having a pencil hardness of 2H or more in a pencil hardness test.
- the pencil hardness can be measured according to JIS K-5400. Examples of the equipment used for the measurement include a pencil hardness tester (manufactured by Toyo Seiki Co., Ltd.).
- the pencil hardness test is to determine the hardness of a pencil used when no abnormal appearance such as scratches is observed 4 times or more out of 5 pencil hardness tests. For example, when a test is performed five times using a 2H pencil and no appearance abnormality occurs four times, the pencil hardness of the optical laminate is 2H.
- ⁇ Pencil hardness of 2H or more
- Pencil hardness does not satisfy 2H
- Three-dimensional feeling ⁇ More than 10 people who answered good ⁇ : 5-9 people who answered good ⁇ : Less than 4 people who answered good ⁇ : More than 10 people who answered good ⁇ : 5-9 people who answered good ⁇ : Less than 4 people answered good
- This anti-glare property is different from the conventional anti-glare property in which the observer and the background are not completely reflected and completely blurred and unclear. ⁇ : More than 13 people answered good ⁇ : 10-12 people answered good ⁇ : 5-9 people answered good ⁇ : Less than 4 people answered good
- Glossy blackness A sample in which an antiglare sheet for a liquid crystal display device is bonded to a black acrylic plate using the transparent adhesive film for an optical film is placed in a horizontal plane in an indoor environment with an illuminance of about 1,000 Lx. In the state where the three-wavelength tube is turned on, 15 subjects perform visual sensory evaluation from the specular reflection direction with respect to the 45-degree incident surface, and it is determined whether or not glossy black can be reproduced. ⁇ : More than 13 people answered good ⁇ : 10-12 people answered good ⁇ : 5-9 people answered good ⁇ : Less than 4 people answered good
- Table 1 shows the evaluation results of the antiglare sheets obtained in the examples and comparative examples.
- the antiglare sheet for an image display device of the present invention it is possible to obtain an image display device which is excellent in darkness darkness and blackness and excellent in moving image antiglare property.
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Abstract
Description
これらの防眩シートは、凝集性シリカ等の粒子の凝集によって防眩層の表面に凹凸形状を形成するタイプ、有機フィラーを樹脂中に添加して層表面に凹凸形状を形成するタイプ、あるいは層表面に凹凸をもったフィルムをラミネートして凹凸形状を転写するタイプ等がある。
また、家庭でも、映画等の高度な画質を表示したディスプレイを鑑賞する機会が増えたため、暗室での黒画面の黒さ(以下、「暗所黒味」という)が求められている。
なお、表面凹凸により発現するヘイズを「表面ヘイズ」、前記表面凹凸を、表面凹凸を形成する樹脂又は該樹脂との屈折率差が少なくとも0.02以内の樹脂を用いて平滑化したときに発現するヘイズを「内部ヘイズ」と定義し、JIS K 7136(2000)に準拠して測定する。
例えば、映画鑑賞等をする機会の増加により、映画館並みの高度な視聴環境で楽しむために、暗室で動画像を高画質で再現することが要求されたり、モバイル用途の増加により、明るい屋外で静止画像及び動画像を映し出すために、物理的な強度を有し且つ明室で動画及び静止画のバランスの取れた画質が要求されている。
すなわち、ディスプレイ端末に要求される画像品質は変化しており、視聴環境に適した性能を有する画像表示装置用の防眩シートの開発が要望されている。
また、明室での動画像と静止画像に対しては映像光の迷光成分を考慮しつつ、これまでは防止することのみが求められていた外光の正反射成分を適度に持たせることが鑑賞に堪えうる画質を得るために重要であることを見出した。
なお、迷光成分は、正面から見た場合には影響が少なく、斜め方向から見た場合にはより強く影響が出やすい。
さらに、近年、映画鑑賞などの高度な鑑賞条件下、すなわち外光のない暗室条件であって、且つ、表示装置の好感領域内(正面輝度の33.3%以上の輝度で見ることができる鑑賞範囲)での鑑賞において、顕著で高水準な黒味である「暗所黒味」に優れた液晶表示装置用防眩シートが求められている。
すなわち、黒彩感と画像の切れに優れた液晶表示装置用防眩シートであるべきとの要望が高くなっている。
黒しまり性は、この画角拡大とコントラストの折り合いを評価するもので、ディスプレイを真正面から見たときの電源off時の黒味、電源on時の黒味(黒い画像)を比較し、黒味の強いほど画面のしまり感も強いという官能比較である。
正面では非常に弱く、斜めほど強く認知されやすくなる迷光成分以外に、液晶ディスプレイではそのシステム構成上、黒表示においても液晶表示素子そのものから漏れてくる光(漏れ光)が存在するので、真正面から見た電源on時の黒味とは、前述の漏れ光と外光反射とを合わせた場合の黒さの加減であり、前述の電源off時の黒味とは、映像光は存在しないから、外光反射のみがあるときの黒味である。
換言すれば、黒しまり性とは外光にも漏れ光にも黒味が強いことになり、前述の黒彩感とは異なり、迷光成分は考慮されておらず、また、適度に必要とされる正反射成分が考慮されていないため、喩えコントラストは高くとも画像のテリ及び輝きに劣り、躍動感は生じず、黒彩感は高くならない。ことに、拡散を大きくして画角を拡大することが優先されるので迷光成分が生じやすく、暗所黒味が低下しやすい。
すなわち、その測定法から見ても、動画の評価ではないし、映像光の迷光成分の影響も全く考慮されていない。そのため、喩えテリ及び輝きは高くとも、暗室コントラスト及び立体感は生じず、黒彩感は高くならない。
さらに、静止画と動画の両立を図るには、少なくとも立体感及び躍動感を有する黒彩感に優れていることが必要である。
なお、防眩シートの拡散特性を限定する特許文献8及び9では、コントラストは良好となるものの、実用に不可避な性能である密着性、ハードコート性等の物理性能やギラツキ、動画と静止画の両立等の課題は考慮されておらず、充分な性能を得られていなかった。
然るに、本発明者らは液晶テレビを新たなディスプレイと捉えると共に、視聴環境の変化を勘案し、画角が狭く等方性が無いことを欠陥として捉えることなく、正面画質優先の思想のもと、画角と画質のトレードオフの呪縛から開放されるべく、以下の手段を講じた。
ここで、θaの算出定義を説明する。
基準長さL範囲内に存在する凹凸形状において、ひとつの山から次の山へ至るまで、山には、一番高い頂部:凸部があり、かつその両端には、凹部が存在している。凹部の位置は、それぞれ同じ高さにあるとは限らない。
この異なる凹部位置各々から、その三角形の頂部までの高さをh1、h2とする。同じように、基準長さ範囲の全ての山について、凹部から凸までの高さを求め、(ひとつの山は、2つの高さを持つ)高さの和を求め、基準長さLで割った値のアークタンジェントを計算することで求められる角度である。
θa=tan-1[(h1+h2+h3+h4+・・・・・+hn)/L]
すなわち、映像光の迷光成分によるコントラスト低下の大小関係は、外光の反射特性に近似して考慮することが可能である。なお、迷光成分による黒彩感(動画像)についても同様である。また、防眩層に強度は小さくとも大きな角度の拡散を持たせることでLCDの漏れ光を広く拡散させる従来の画角重視の方法は、前述の迷光成分の発生を促進することとなり、ことに暗室での高度な黒味に欠けるものであった。
対して透過拡散が大きいと迷光成分が発生し、内部映像光の指向性が低くなり(光が拡散し、方向性をもって集中しない状態)、映像が白茶けたように見えるため肌色などの表示に対して活き活きとした表示とならない。
ところで、動画防眩性とは、動画鑑賞時に限った微弱な耐映り込み性である。静止画像のほうが動画像よりも映りこみに対する感じ方は強く、動画よりも強い耐映り込み性が必要である。つまり、画像の切れを満たしていれば、動画防眩性を同時に満たしていることになる。一方、動画鑑賞に限れば、静止画像での画像の切れを満たさずとも、微弱な耐映り込み性である動画防眩性を満たしていれば良い。
すなわち、(a)透過拡散が小さい(正透過強度が高い)こと、(b)正反射強度成分が小さいこと、(c)正反射近傍の拡散に変換すること、の三要素を満足させることである。
換言すればQ/Uは、表面形状(外部拡散要素)に関しては、正透過となる平坦部と正透過以外の角度となる凹凸部の比率に近似される為、凹凸の傾斜の角度と凹凸の存在確率に関連し、内部拡散に関しては、拡散粒子とバインダーの屈折率差、拡散粒子との衝突確率及び形状に関連し、表面形状と内部拡散の相互作用に関しては、前記相互作用をより弱めあう程度と強めあう程度とに関連することで、黒彩感(動画像)と画像の切れの良し悪し(静止画像)を決定している。
Rp=((cosθ-n×cos(arcsin(n×sinθ)))/(cosθ+n×cos(arcsin(n×sinθ))))2
Rs=((cos(arcsin(n×sinθ))-n×cosθ)/(cos(arcsin(n×sinθ))+n×cosθ))2
また、表面凹凸を有する防眩層において、内部拡散が小さい場合の透過拡散角度ψは、表面凹凸の傾斜角度をθs、バインダーの屈折率をnBとしたとき、スネルの法則に基づいて算出され、
ψ=arcsin(nB×sinθs)-θs
となる。
したがって、迷光成分を発生させないためには、30度以上の透過拡散が存在しないことが好ましく、20度から反射が増大し始めることから透過拡散を20度以下とすることで確実に迷光成分の発生を防止することができる。
(1)透明基材の少なくとも一方の面に、拡散粒子および第一のバインダーからなる凹凸化層、および第二のバインダーからなる平滑化層が前記透明基材から順に積層してなる防眩層を有する防眩シートであって、前記凹凸化層は、前記透明基材とは反対側の面に前記拡散粒子に基づく第一の凸部を有し、前記平滑化層は、前記透明基材とは反対側の面に前記第一の凸部に基づく第二の凸部を有し、前記防眩シートに前記透明基材側から垂直に可視光線を照射した際の正透過方向の輝度をQ、正透過から30度の方向の輝度をQ30、正透過から+2度の方向の輝度と正透過から+1度の方向の輝度とを結ぶ直線、および、正透過から-2度の方向の輝度と正透過から-1度の方向の輝度とを結ぶ直線を各々正透過に外挿した透過強度の平均値をUとしたとき、下記の(式 1)及び(式 2)を満たすことを特徴とする防眩シート。
(式 1) 10 < Q/U < 36
(式 2) Log10(Q30/Q)< -6
(2)前記防眩シートに透明基材側から垂直に可視光線を照射した際の正透過から20度の方向の輝度をQ20としたとき下記の(式 3)を満たすことを特徴とする防眩シート。
(式 3) Log10(Q20/Q)< -5.5
(3)前記凹凸化層の厚みをL(μm)、前記拡散粒子の平均粒径をR(μm)としたとき下記の(式 4)を満たすことを特徴とする防眩シート。
(式 4) R/2 < L < R
(4)前記防眩層の全厚みT(μm)が下記(式 5)を満たすことを特徴とする防眩シート。
(式 5) 3 < T < 8
(5)防眩シートの全へイズ値をHa(%)とし、防眩シートの内部ヘイズ値をHi(%)としたとき、下記の(式 6)を満たすことを特徴とする防眩シート。
(式 6) 0 ≦ Ha-Hi ≦ 1.3
(6)(1)乃至(5)のいずれかに記載の防眩シートを用いた偏光板。
(7)(1)乃至(5)記載の防眩シートまたは(6)記載の偏光板を用いた画像表示装置。
(8)透明基材の少なくとも一方の面に、拡散粒子および第一のバインダーからなる凹凸化層、および第二のバインダーからなる平滑化層が前記透明基材から順に積層してなる防眩層を有する防眩シートであって、前記凹凸化層は、前記透明基材とは反対側の面に前記拡散粒子に基づく第一の凸部を有し、前記平滑化層は、前記透明基材とは反対側の面に前記第一の凸部に基づく第二の凸部を有し、前記防眩シートに前記透明基材側から垂直に可視光線を照射した際の正透過方向の輝度をQ、正透過から30度の方向の輝度をQ30、正透過から+2度の方向の輝度と正透過から+1度の方向の輝度とを結ぶ直線、および、正透過から-2度の方向の輝度と正透過から-1度の方向の輝度とを結ぶ直線を各々正透過に外挿した透過強度の平均値をUとしたとき、下記の(式 1)及び(式 2)を満たすように調整することを特徴とする防眩シートの製造方法。
(式 1) 10 < Q/U < 36
(式 2) Log10(Q30/Q)< -6
(9)透明基材の少なくとも一方の面に、拡散粒子および第一のバインダーからなる凹凸化層、および第二のバインダーからなる平滑化層が前記透明基材から順に積層してなる防眩層を有する防眩シートを、画像表示装置の視認側に有する画像装置において、前記凹凸化層は、前記透明基材とは反対側の面に前記拡散粒子に基づく第一の凸部を有し、前記平滑化層は、前記透明基材とは反対側の面に前記第一の凸部に基づく第二の凸部を有し、前記防眩シートに前記透明基材側から垂直に可視光線を照射した際の正透過方向の輝度をQ、正透過から30度の方向の輝度をQ30、正透過から+2度の方向の輝度と正透過から+1度の方向の輝度とを結ぶ直線、および、正透過から-2度の方向の輝度と正透過から-1度の方向の輝度とを結ぶ直線を各々正透過に外挿した透過強度の平均値をUとしたとき、下記の(式 1)及び(式 2)を満たすことを特徴とする、画像装置の黒彩感、暗所黒味、動画防眩性、艶黒感、黒しまりを改善する方法。
(式 1) 10 < Q/U < 36
(式 2) Log10(Q30/Q)< -6
(10)前記防眩シートに透明基材側から垂直に可視光線を照射した際の正透過から20度の方向の輝度をQ20としたとき下記の(式 3)を満たすことを特徴とする、画像装置の黒彩感、暗所黒味、動画防眩性、艶黒感、黒しまりを改善する方法。
(式 3) Log10(Q20/Q)< -5.5
(11)前記凹凸化層の厚みをL(μm)、前記拡散粒子の平均粒径をR(μm)としたとき下記の(式 4)を満たすことを特徴とする、画像装置の黒彩感、暗所黒味、動画防眩性、艶黒感、黒しまりを改善する方法。
(式 4) R/2 < L < R
(12)前記防眩層の全厚みT(μm)が下記(式 5)を満たすことを特徴とする、画像装置の黒彩感、暗所黒味、動画防眩性、艶黒感、黒しまりを改善する方法。
(式 5) 3 < T < 8
(13)防眩シートの全へイズ値をHa(%)とし、防眩シートの内部ヘイズ値をHi(%)としたとき、下記の(式 6)を満たすことを特徴とする、画像装置の黒彩感、暗所黒味、動画防眩性、艶黒感、黒しまりを改善する方法。
(式 6) 0 ≦ Ha-Hi ≦ 1.3
(式 1) 10 < Q/U < 36
(式 2) Log10(Q30/Q)< -6
なお、拡散透過強度の測定は、具体的には以下のように測定する。
防眩シートの裏面から(防眩シートの観察者側と反対側の面)から垂直に可視光線を照射する。光束が防眩シートに入射し、拡散透過した光を-85度~+85度までの範囲で1度ごとに受光器を走査することにより拡散透過強度を測定する。
そして、本発明に用いる拡散粒子の粒子径は、ミクロンオーダーであり、内部拡散要素である粒子の径に対して、光束の径は1000倍程度大きいものとなっていることから、すなわち、一般にゴニオフォトメーターの測定においては、光束の径は粒子径に比べて十分に大きく、また粒子も均一に分散されていることから、試料のどのポイントに光束を照射したとしても、測定値に有意な差は生じず正確な測定が可能である。
Log10(Q30/Q)< -6 (x)
Log10(Q30/Q)が-6未満となるようにすることによって、黒彩感(動画像)、暗所黒味が優れた防眩シートを得ることができる。
さらに、下記式(y)を満たすことにより、より一層暗所での高度な黒味に優れた防眩シートを得ることができる。
Log10(Q20/Q)< -5.5 (y)
なお、Q30あるいはQ20が非常に小さくて測定器で検出できない場合は、Log10(Q30/Q)あるいはLog10(Q20/Q)の値を-10.0とする。
10 < Q/U < 36 (z)
Q/Uが10超となるようにすることによって、黒彩感(動画像)に優れるとともに、36未満となるようにすることによって動画防眩性に優れた防眩シートを得ることができる。
なお、前記第一のバインダーと第二のバインダーは同じバインダーであっても異なるバインダーであっても良い。平滑化層は1μm超過8μ未満であることが好ましい。1μm以下では粒子が十分に埋まらず黒彩感を損なうような傾斜角度の大きい凹凸が残存する可能性がある。8μm以上では、重合収縮により防眩シートにカールが発生する恐れがあるほか、第二の凸部が形成されない恐れがある。その意味では平滑化層の厚みは1.5乃至7μmが好ましく、2乃至5μmがより好ましい。
(式 5) 3 < T < 8
を満たすことが好ましい。
すなわち、防眩層の厚みTが3μm以下であるとハードコート性に劣り、8μm以上であると粒子との界面の歪が大きくなり、防眩シートに加わる負荷によりクラックが生じやすくなる。
よって、Hiは30%未満であることが好ましく、15%未満であることがさらに好ましい。
なお、コントラストは低下するものの、内部ヘイズを3%以上とすることで、画角拡大作用により、黒しまり性を向上させることができる。
したがって、防眩シートのヘイズをHa、内部拡散により生じるヘイズをHiとすると、Ha-Hiは、内部拡散要素と表面凹凸との相互作用によるヘイズおよび外部ヘイズの和と言うことができる。
拡散粒子は透光性の微粒子であることが好ましく、有機粒子であっても、無機粒子であってもよいし、有機粒子と無機粒子を混合して使用してもよい。球状の有機粒子は凹凸形状を制御しやすいので、少なくとも1種類以上の球状有機粒子を含むことが好ましい。
R/2 < L < R
R/2 超であると防眩シート製造途上での前記凹凸層からの拡散粒子の脱落による欠陥が生じることが無く、R未満であると拡散粒子を防眩層中の透明基材側に存在させやすくなることにより、防眩層厚みが過度に大きくせずとも拡散粒子を埋もれさせることができるので、偏光板製造時のクラック発生を抑え易い。
0.7 < R/T < 0.95
防眩層厚みに対する平均粒径の比 R/T が0.95以上であると拡散粒子は塗膜層最表面に突出し、または拡散粒子により生じる凹凸は急峻なものとなるおそれがある。前記R/Tが0.7以下であると凹凸が十分に形成されず映り込みが強くなるおそれがある。上記式を満たすことによって、適度な凹凸形状を形成させやすくすることができる。
また、第一及び第二のバインダーの屈折率は、後述の塗布用の樹脂組成物から拡散粒子が無いものを塗布、乾燥、硬化させたバインダーのみの硬化膜をアッベ屈折計で測定することができる。
なお、前記「球状」とは、例えば、真球状、楕円球状等が挙げられ、いわゆる角ばった部分を有し、光拡散する部分が多い不定形を除く意味である。
一方、30質量部を超えると、上記塗液中で拡散粒子同士の凝集が生じ、防眩層の表面に大きな凸部が形成されて所望の性能が得られず、白茶けやギラツキが発生してしまうことがある。
上記拡散粒子の含有量のより好ましい下限は1質量部、より好ましい上限は20質量部である。この範囲内にあることで、より上述の効果を確実にすることができる。
分散制御用粒子が透光性無機微粒子である場合は、バインダー中で分散制御用粒子自身の分散性を上げるために、シラン化合物等による疎水化表面処理を行うことが好ましい。特にシランカップリング剤のような処理表面に反応基を持たせるような処理の場合、バインダー樹脂と結合させることができるため、ハードコート性を向上させることができる。
光重合性官能基としては、(メタ)アクリロイル基、ビニル基、スチリル基、アリル基等の不飽和の重合性官能基等が挙げられる。
また、プレポリマー及びオリゴマーとしては、ウレタン(メタ)アクリレート、ポリエステル(メタ)アクリレート、エポキシ(メタ)アクリレート等のアクリレート、不飽和ポリエステル、エポキシ樹脂等が挙げられる。
また、ベンゾフェノン類としては、ベンゾフェノン、ヒドロキシベンゾフェノン、4ベンゾイル-4'-メチルジフェニルサルファイド、2,4-ジクロロベンゾフェノン、4,4-ジクロロベンゾフェノンおよびp-クロロベンゾフェノン、4,4'-ジメチルアミノベンゾフェノン(ミヒラーケトン)、3,3',4,4'-テトラ(t-ブチルパーオキシカルボニル)ベンゾフェノン等が使用可能である。
この原因は、一種類の粒子であっても、例えば、乾燥途上で(通常2種以上入れるので)溶剤の揮発性の差により組成変動が生じるので、凝集と分散とを制御が困難となるためであると類推している。このことは、殊に親油、親水度合いが異なる二種以上の粒子を用いる、場合に顕著である。そのため急峻な凹凸などが生じる点などで、ガサツキやギラツキの制御ができなくなる恐れがある。
具体的には、飽和蒸気圧、透明基材への浸透性等を考慮して選定される。
例えば、凝集防止効果及び沈降防止効果、その他、レベリング性などの特性の向上のため、各種界面活性剤を用いることができる。
また、前記ベナードセル構造は黒彩感(動画像)や画像のキレ(静止画像)などに悪影響を及ぼす。前述のような界面活性剤を用いると、この対流を防止することができるため、欠陥やムラのない凹凸膜が得られるだけでなく、透過拡散輝度特性の調整も容易となる。
なお、Rzは、JIS B0601 1994に準拠した方法を元に、カットオフ値を2.5mm、評価速さを0.5mm/sとして測定した値である。
また、耐スチールウール擦り性では、10往復擦り試験をしてもキズが確認されない最大荷重は、200g/cm2以上であることが好ましく、500g/cm2以上であることがさらに好ましく、700g/cm2以上であることが特に好ましい。
帯電防止性能を付与するには、例えば、導電性微粒子、導電性ポリマー、4級アンモニウム塩、ポリチオフェン、その他導電性有機化合物などと反応性硬化樹脂を含む導電性塗工液を塗工する方法、或いは透明膜を形成する金属や金属酸化物等を蒸着やスパッタリングして導電性薄膜を形成する方法等の従来公知の方法を挙げることができる。
また、帯電防止層をハードコート、耐映りこみ性、反射防止等の機能層の一部として使用することもできる。
また、該光学フィルムが蓄積できる最大電圧である、いわゆる飽和帯電圧としては、10kVの印加電圧で2kV以下であることが好ましい。
防汚層は防汚剤の添加により付与することができ、防汚剤としては、フッ素系化合物、珪素系化合物、またはこれらの混合物が挙げられ、特にフロロアルキル基を有する化合物が好ましい。
前記低屈折率層は、80~120nm程度の厚みを有する層であって、外光の反射を干渉により低減するものである。前記低屈折率層は、なんら限定されることは無いが、多孔質または中空シリカを添加した紫外線硬化樹脂を含む塗液を塗布及び硬化により形成することが好ましい。前記塗液を塗布及び硬化することにより、防眩層表面の凸部に存在した微小でシャープな凹凸がスムージングされてより滑らかになり、反射防止効果に加えて、より一層黒彩感の向上を図ることができる。
塗布の方法としては、種々の方法を用いることができ、例えば、ディップコート法、エアーナイフコート法、カーテンコート法、ロールコート法、ワイヤーバーコート法、グラビアコート法、ダイコート法、ブレードコート法、マイクログラビアコート法、スプレーコート法、スピンコート法、リバースコート法等の公知の方法が用いられる。
紫外線反応性化合物を光重合させる光源としては、紫外線を発生する光源であればいずれも使用できる。例えば、低圧水銀灯、中圧水銀灯、高圧水銀灯、超高圧水銀灯、カーボンアーク灯、メタルハライドランプ、キセノンランプ、フュージョンランプ等を用いることができる。また、ArFエキシマレーザ、KrFエキシマレーザ、エキシマランプまたはシンクロトロン放射光なども用いることが出来る。このうち、低圧水銀灯、中圧水銀灯、高圧水銀灯、超高圧水銀灯、カーボンアーク灯、メタルハライドランプ、キセノンランプ、フュージョンランプを好ましく利用できる。
透明基材としてトリアセチルセルロース(富士フイルム(株)製、厚さ80μm)を用意した。
第一のバインダーとして、ペンタエリスリトールテトラアクリレート(PETTA、製品名:M-451、東亜合成(株)製)70質量部、及びイソシアヌル酸PO変性トリアクリレート(製品名:M-313、東亜合成(株)製)30質量部の混合物を用いた(屈折率1.51)。
これに拡散粒子として、スチレンアクリル共重合体粒子(屈折率1.57、平均粒径5μm、積水化成品工業製)、分散制御用微粒子として反応性コロイダルシリカ(製品名:MIBK-SD、平均粒径12nm、固形分30%、MIBK溶剤、日産化学 (株)製)を、バインダー樹脂100質量部に対して、各々17及び12質量部、含有させた。
さらに、開始剤イルガキュア184(BASFジャパン製)、レベリング剤ポリエーテル変性シリコーン(TSF4460、モメンティブ パフォーマンス マテリアルズ製)をそれぞれバインダー樹脂100質量部に対して、5質量部、0.02質量部含有させた。
これに溶剤としてトルエン、及びシクロヘキサノンの混合溶剤(質量比7/3)を、バインダー樹脂100質量部に対して、180質量部配合して得られた樹脂組成物を、前記透明基材に塗工し、10m/sの流速で50℃の乾燥空気を15秒間流通させた後、さらに20m/sの流速で70℃の乾燥空気を30秒間流通させて乾燥させた。
その後、紫外線を照射して(空気雰囲気下にて80mJ/cm2)透光性樹脂を硬化させ、凹凸化層を得た。硬化後の凹凸化層厚は3.1μmとした。
さらに、該凹凸化層の上に平滑化層を形成した。第二のバインダーとしてポリマーアクリレート(BS371、荒川化学製)とウレタンアクリレート(UV1700B、日本合成化学製)の混合物(質量比;BS371/UV1700B=40/60)を用い、透光性樹脂100質量部に対して、開始剤イルガキュア184(BASFジャパン製)を5質量部、レベリング剤ポリエーテル変性シリコーン(TSF4460、モメンティブ パフォーマンス マテリアルズ製)を0.04質量部含有させた。これに溶剤としてトルエンとシクロヘキサノンの混合溶剤(質量比7/3)を、バインダー樹脂100質量部に対して、190質量部配合して得られた樹脂組成物を、前記凹凸化層の上に塗工し、20m/sの流速で70℃の乾燥空気を30秒間流通させて乾燥させた。
これに紫外線を照射して(窒素雰囲気下にて200mJ/cm2)透光性樹脂を硬化させ、防眩シートを作製した。硬化後の防眩層厚は全体で7.1μmとした。
凹凸化層形成用の拡散粒子を13質量部とし、防眩層厚を全体で6.2μmとした以外は、実施例1と同様にして防眩シートを作製した。
(実施例3)
凹凸化層形成用の拡散粒子を11質量部とし、防眩層厚を全体で5.3μmとした以外は、実施例1と同様にして防眩シートを作製した。
(実施例4)
凹凸化層形成用の拡散粒子を12質量部とし、防眩層厚を全体で6.3μmとした以外は、実施例1と同様にして防眩シートを作製した。
(実施例5)
凹凸化層形成用の拡散粒子を14質量部とし、防眩層厚を全体で6.8μmとした以外は、実施例1と同様にして防眩シートを作製した。
(実施例6)
凹凸化層形成用の拡散粒子をポリスチレン粒子(屈折率1.59、平均粒径3.5μm、積水化成品工業製)9質量部とし、凹凸化層厚を2.2μm、防眩層厚を全体で4.2μmとした以外は、実施例1と同様にして防眩シートを作製した。
(実施例7)
凹凸化層形成用の拡散粒子を10質量部とし、防眩層厚を全体で7.5μmとした以外は、実施例1と同様にして防眩シートを作製した。
(実施例8)
凹凸化層形成用の拡散粒子をスチレンアクリル共重合体粒子(屈折率1.56、平均粒径3.5μm、積水化成品工業製)6質量部とし、凹凸化層厚を2.2μm、防眩層厚を全体で6.7μmとした以外は、実施例1と同様にして防眩シートを作製した。
(実施例9)
凹凸化層形成用の拡散粒子をスチレンアクリル共重合体粒子(屈折率1.56、平均粒径3.5μm、積水化成品工業製)3質量部とし、凹凸化層厚を2.2μm、防眩層厚を全体で5.5μmとした以外は、実施例1と同様にして防眩シートを作製した。
透明基材としてトリアセチルセルロース(富士フイルム(株)製、厚さ80μm)を用意した。
第一のバインダーとして、ペンタエリスリトールテトラアクリレート(PETTA、製品名:M-451、東亜合成(株)製)70質量部、及びイソシアヌル酸PO変性トリアクリレート(製品名:M-313、東亜合成(株)製)30質量部の混合物を用いた(屈折率1.51)。
これに拡散粒子として、スチレンアクリル共重合体粒子(屈折率1.56、平均粒径3.5μm、積水化成品工業製)、分散制御用微粒子として反応性コロイダルシリカ(製品名:MIBK-SD、平均粒径12nm、固形分30%、MIBK溶剤、日産化学 (株)製)を、バインダー樹脂100質量部に対して、各々13及び12質量部、含有させた。さらに、開始剤イルガキュア184(BASFジャパン製)、レベリング剤ポリエーテル変性シリコーン(TSF4460、モメンティブ パフォーマンス マテリアルズ製)をそれぞれバインダー樹脂100質量部に対して、5質量部、0.02質量部含有させた。
これに溶剤としてトルエン、及びシクロヘキサノンの混合溶剤(質量比7/3)を、バインダー樹脂100質量部に対して、180質量部配合して得られた樹脂組成物を、前記透明基材の上に塗工し、10m/sの流速で50℃の乾燥空気を15秒間流通させた後、さらに20m/sの流速で70℃の乾燥空気を30秒間流通させて乾燥させた。
その後、紫外線を照射して(空気雰囲気下にて80mJ/cm2)透光性樹脂を硬化させ、凹凸化層を得た。硬化後の凹凸化層厚は2.2μmとした。
さらに、実施例1と同様に平滑化層を形成して防眩シートを作製した。防眩層厚を全体で4.7μmとした。
凹凸化層形成用の拡散粒子をスチレンアクリル共重合体粒子(屈折率1.57、平均粒径5μm、積水化成品工業製)10質量部とし、凹凸化層厚を4.5μm、防眩層厚を全体で9.4μmとした以外は、比較例1と同様にして防眩シートを作製した。
(比較例3)
凹凸化層形成用の拡散粒子をポリスチレン粒子(屈折率1.59、平均粒径3.5μm、積水化成品工業製)8質量部とし、防眩層厚を全体で4.6μmとした以外は、比較例1と同様にして防眩シートを作製した。
(比較例4)
凹凸化層形成用の拡散粒子をポリスチレン粒子(屈折率1.59、平均粒径3.5μm、積水化成品工業製)11質量部とし、防眩層厚を全体で4.4μmとした以外は、比較例1と同様にして防眩シートを作製した。
(比較例5)
凹凸化層形成用の拡散粒子を6質量部とし、凹凸化層厚を1.5μm、防眩層厚を全体で2.8μmとした以外は、比較例1と同様にして防眩シートを作製した。
(比較例6)
透明基材としてトリアセチルセルロース(富士フイルム(株)製、厚さ80μm)を用意した。
第一のバインダーとして、ペンタエリスリトールトリアクリレート(PETA、製品名:PET-30、日本化薬(株)製)80質量部、ジペンタエリスリトールヘキサアクリレート(製品名:DPHA、日本化薬(株)製)10質量部、及び、ポリメタクリル酸メチル(PMMA;重量平均分子量75,000)10質量部の混合物を用いた(屈折率1.51)。
これに拡散粒子として、ポリスチレン粒子(屈折率1.59、平均粒径3.5μm、積水化成品工業製)を、バインダー樹脂100質量部に対して12質量部、含有させた。さらに、開始剤イルガキュア184(BASFジャパン製)、レベリング剤ポリエーテル変性シリコーン(TSF4460、モメンティブ パフォーマンス マテリアルズ製)をそれぞれバインダー樹脂100質量部に対して、5質量部、0.04質量部含有させた。
これに溶剤としてトルエン、及びシクロヘキサノンの混合溶剤(質量比7/3)を、バインダー樹脂100質量部に対して、190質量部配合して得られた樹脂組成物を、前記透明基材に塗工し、1m/sの流速で70℃の乾燥空気を15秒間流通させた後、さらに20m/sの流速で70℃の乾燥空気を30秒間流通させて乾燥させた。
その後、紫外線を照射して(窒素雰囲気下にて200mJ/cm2)透光性樹脂を硬化させ、防眩シートを作製した。平滑化層は設けなかった。硬化後の防眩層厚は4.5μmとした。
1.膜厚[防眩層厚みT(μm)、凹凸化層厚みL(μm)]の測定方法
共焦点レーザー顕微鏡(LeicaTCS-NT:ライカ社製:対物レンズ「10~100倍」)にて、防眩シートの断面を観察し、界面の有無を判断し下記の評価基準で判断した。
測定手順
(1)ハレーションのない鮮明な画像を得るため、共焦点レーザー顕微鏡に、湿式の対物レンズを使用し、かつ、光学積層体の上に屈折率1.518のオイルを約2ml乗せて観察した。オイルの使用は、対物レンズと防眩層との間の空気層を消失させるために用いた。
(2)1画面につき表面形状が概ね平坦な一カ所を選び、その部分の基材からの膜厚を測定し、それを5画面分、計5点測定し、平均値を膜厚として算出した。なお、上記共焦点レーザー顕微鏡にて界面が明確にわからない液晶表示装置用防眩シートの場合は、ミクロトームなどで断面を作成し、電子顕微鏡観察によって、上記(2)と同様に膜厚を算出することもできる。
凹凸化層厚みLを測定する際は凹凸化層のみが形成された状態で測定し、防眩層厚みTを測定する際は防眩層全体が積層された状態で測定した。また、平滑化層の厚みはT-Lにより得ることができる。
総ヘイズ値は、JIS K-7136(2000)に従って測定することができる。測定機器として、ヘーズメーターHM-150(村上色彩技術研究所)を使用した。なお、ヘイズは、透明基材面を光源に向けて測定する。
本発明で使用している内部ヘイズは、以下のように求められる。液晶表示装置用防眩シートの観察者面側最表面にある凹凸上に、表面凹凸を形成する樹脂と屈折率が等しいか少なくとも屈折率差が0.02以下である樹脂、本発明の場合は各実施例・比較例から微粒子を除いたものをワイヤーバーで乾燥膜厚が8μm完全に表面の凹凸形状がなくなり、表面が平坦とできる膜厚とする)となるように塗布し、70℃で1分間乾燥後、100mj/cm2の紫外線を照射して硬化する。
これによって、表面にある凹凸がつぶれ、平坦な表面となる。ただし、この凹凸形状を有する防眩層を形成する組成物中にレベリング剤などが入っていることで、上記リコート剤がはじきやすく濡れにくいような場合は、あらかじめ液晶表示装置用防眩シートをケン化処理(2mol/lのNaOH(又はKOH)溶液55度3分浸したのち、水洗し、キムワイプなどで水滴を完全に除去した後、50度オーブンで1分乾燥)により、親水処理を施すとよい。
この表面を平坦にしたシートは、表面凹凸をもたず、相互作用もないので、内部ヘイズだけを持つ状態となっている。
このシートのヘイズを、JIS K-7136に従って総ヘイズと同様な方法で測定し、内部ヘイズとして求めることができる。なお、本発明実施例で用いているトリアセチルセルロール基材自身のヘイズは0.2である。防眩層自身の内部へイズは、上記内部へイズからこの基材のヘイズを差し引いたものになるが、本発明では差し引いていない。画像表示装置には一般的に積層体として防眩層を搭載するため、防眩層のみの内部へイズではなく、積層体全体の内部へイズを考えるのが実態に近いためよい。例えば、ヘイズ0.2程度であれば影響は小さいが、もしもヘイズの高い基材を用いる場合は、差し引いてしまうと積層体としての光学特性評価とは異なるものになる。
各実施例、比較例にて作製された液晶表示装置用防眩シートについて、明細書本文中に記載の方法により測定した。
本発明の液晶表示装置用防眩シートにおいて、ハード性を有するとは、鉛筆硬度試験において2H以上の鉛筆硬度を有することをいう。鉛筆硬度は、JIS K-5400に従って測定することができる。測定に使用する機器としては、鉛筆硬度試験機(東洋精機社製)が挙げられる。該鉛筆硬度試験は、5回の鉛筆硬度試験の内、4回以上の傷等の外観異常が認められなかった場合に使用した鉛筆についての硬度を求めるものである。例えば、2Hの鉛筆を用いて、5回の試験を行い、4回外観異常が生じなければ、その光学積層体の鉛筆硬度は2Hである。
○:鉛筆硬度が2H以上のもの
×:鉛筆硬度が2Hを満たさないもの
JIS K5600-5-1の屈曲試験で用いる円筒型マンドレル法の芯棒に液晶表示装置用防眩シートを巻きつけ、クラックの入り方で評価した。
○:8mmの芯棒に巻きつけてもクラックが入らず良好
×:8mmの芯棒に巻きつけた場合、クラックが入った
ソニー社製液晶テレビ「KDL-40X2500」の最表面の偏光板を剥離し、表面塗布層のない偏光板を貼付した。
次いで、その上に各実施例、比較例で作成したサンプルを防眩層側が最表面となるように、光学フィルム用透明粘着フィルム(全光線透過率91%以上、ヘイズ0.3%以下、膜厚20~50μmの製品、例えばMHMシリーズ:日栄加工(株)製など)により貼付した。
該液晶テレビを、照度が約1,000Lxの環境下の室内に設置し、メディアファクトリー社のDVD「オペラ座の怪人」を表示して、液晶テレビから1.5~2.0m程度離れた場所から上下、左右様々な角度から、該映像を被験者15人が鑑賞することで、下記項目に関して官能評価を実施した。評価基準は以下のとおりである。
◎:立体感及び躍動感が全て○である
○:立体感及び躍動感のうち一つが○でもう一つが△である
●:立体感及び躍動感がともに△である
×:立体感及び躍動感に一つでも×がある
なお、立体感、躍動感は以下の基準により評価した。
立体感
○:良好と答えた人が10人以上
△:良好と答えた人が5~9人
×:良好と答えた人が4人以下
躍動感
○:良好と答えた人が10人以上
△:良好と答えた人が5~9人
×:良好と答えた人が4人以下
◎:良好と答えた人が13人以上
○:良好と答えた人が10~12人
●:良好と答えた人が5~9人
×:良好と答えた人が4人以下
◎:良好と答えた人が13人以上
○:良好と答えた人が10~12人
●:良好と答えた人が5~9人
×:良好と答えた人が4人以下
◎:良好と答えた人が13人以上
○:良好と答えた人が10~12人
●:良好と答えた人が5~9人
×:良好と答えた人が4人以下
◎:良好と答えた人が13人以上
○:良好と答えた人が10~12人
●:良好と答えた人が5~9人
×:良好と答えた人が4人以下
2.8.防眩層
3. 拡散粒子
4-1.第一のバインダー
4-2.第二のバインダー
5.9.11. 透明基材
6.12.偏光板
10.偏光層
13.ガラス基板
14.カラーフィルタ
15.透明電極
16.液晶セル
17.バックライト
18.ガラス基板(前面板)
19.表示電極(透明電極+パス電極)
20.透明誘電体層
21.MgO
22.誘電体層
23.ガラス基板(背面板)
24.アドレス電極
25.蛍光体
26.プラズマ表示パネル(PDP)
27.前面フィルタ
28.スペーサー
29.筺体
30.ビス
31.前面(表示面)
Claims (13)
- 透明基材の少なくとも一方の面に、拡散粒子および第一のバインダーからなる凹凸化層、および第二のバインダーからなる平滑化層が前記透明基材から順に積層してなる防眩層を有する防眩シートであって、前記凹凸化層は、前記透明基材とは反対側の面に前記拡散粒子に基づく第一の凸部を有し、前記平滑化層は、前記透明基材とは反対側の面に前記第一の凸部に基づく第二の凸部を有し、前記防眩シートに前記透明基材側から垂直に可視光線を照射した際の正透過方向の輝度をQ、正透過から30度の方向の輝度をQ30、正透過から+2度の方向の輝度と正透過から+1度の方向の輝度とを結ぶ直線、および、正透過から-2度の方向の輝度と正透過から-1度の方向の輝度とを結ぶ直線を各々正透過に外挿した透過強度の平均値をUとしたとき、下記の(式 1)及び(式 2)を満たすことを特徴とする防眩シート。
(式 1) 10 < Q/U < 36
(式 2) Log10(Q30/Q)< -6 - 前記防眩シートに透明基材側から垂直に可視光線を照射した際の正透過から20度の方向の輝度をQ20としたとき下記の(式 3)を満たすことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の防眩シート。
(式 3) Log10(Q20/Q)< -5.5 - 前記凹凸化層の厚みをL(μm)、前記拡散粒子の平均粒径をR(μm)としたとき下記の(式 4)を満たすことを特徴とする請求項1乃至2項のいずれか1項に記載の防眩シート。
(式 4) R/2 < L < R - 前記防眩層の全厚みT(μm)が下記(式 5)を満たすことを特徴とする請求項1乃至3項のいずれか1項に記載の防眩シート。
(式 5) 3 < T < 8 - 防眩シートの全へイズ値をHa(%)とし、防眩シートの内部ヘイズ値をHi(%)としたとき、下記の(式 6)を満たすことを特徴とする請求項1乃至4項のいずれか1項に記載の防眩シート。
(式 6) 0 ≦ Ha-Hi ≦ 1.3 - 請求項1乃至5のいずれか1項に記載の防眩シートを用いた偏光板。
- 請求項1乃至5項記載の防眩シートまたは請求項6記載の偏光板を用いた画像表示装置。
- 透明基材の少なくとも一方の面に、拡散粒子および第一のバインダーからなる凹凸化層、および第二のバインダーからなる平滑化層が前記透明基材から順に積層してなる防眩層を有する防眩シートであって、前記凹凸化層は、前記透明基材とは反対側の面に前記拡散粒子に基づく第一の凸部を有し、前記平滑化層は、前記透明基材とは反対側の面に前記第一の凸部に基づく第二の凸部を有し、前記防眩シートに前記透明基材側から垂直に可視光線を照射した際の正透過方向の輝度をQ、正透過から30度の方向の輝度をQ30、正透過から+2度の方向の輝度と正透過から+1度の方向の輝度とを結ぶ直線、および、正透過から-2度の方向の輝度と正透過から-1度の方向の輝度とを結ぶ直線を各々正透過に外挿した透過強度の平均値をUとしたとき、下記の(式 1)及び(式 2)を満たすように調整することを特徴とする防眩シートの製造方法。
(式 1) 10 < Q/U < 36
(式 2) Log10(Q30/Q)< -6 - 透明基材の少なくとも一方の面に、拡散粒子および第一のバインダーからなる凹凸化層、および第二のバインダーからなる平滑化層が前記透明基材から順に積層してなる防眩層を有する防眩シートを、画像表示装置の視認側に有する画像装置において、前記凹凸化層は、前記透明基材とは反対側の面に前記拡散粒子に基づく第一の凸部を有し、前記平滑化層は、前記透明基材とは反対側の面に前記第一の凸部に基づく第二の凸部を有し、前記防眩シートに前記透明基材側から垂直に可視光線を照射した際の正透過方向の輝度をQ、正透過から30度の方向の輝度をQ30、正透過から+2度の方向の輝度と正透過から+1度の方向の輝度とを結ぶ直線、および、正透過から-2度の方向の輝度と正透過から-1度の方向の輝度とを結ぶ直線を各々正透過に外挿した透過強度の平均値をUとしたとき、下記の(式 1)及び(式 2)を満たすことを特徴とする、画像装置の黒彩感、暗所黒味、動画防眩性、艶黒感、黒しまりを改善する方法。
(式 1) 10 < Q/U < 36
(式 2) Log10(Q30/Q)< -6 - 前記防眩シートに透明基材側から垂直に可視光線を照射した際の正透過から20度の方向の輝度をQ20としたとき下記の(式 3)を満たすことを特徴とする請求項9に記載の方法。
(式 3) Log10(Q20/Q)< -5.5 - 前記凹凸化層の厚みをL(μm)、前記拡散粒子の平均粒径をR(μm)としたとき下記の(式 4)を満たすことを特徴とする請求項9乃至10項のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
(式 4) R/2 < L < R - 前記防眩層の全厚みT(μm)が下記(式 5)を満たすことを特徴とする請求項9乃至11項のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
(式 5) 3 < T < 8 - 防眩シートの全へイズ値をHa(%)とし、防眩シートの内部ヘイズ値をHi(%)としたとき、下記の(式 6)を満たすことを特徴とする請求項9乃至12項のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
(式 6) 0 ≦ Ha-Hi ≦ 1.3
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PCT/JP2012/076170 WO2013054805A1 (ja) | 2011-10-12 | 2012-10-10 | 画像表示装置用防眩シート |
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JP (1) | JP6048412B2 (ja) |
KR (1) | KR101934607B1 (ja) |
TW (1) | TWI461749B (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2013054805A1 (ja) |
Cited By (5)
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KR101751157B1 (ko) * | 2013-07-05 | 2017-06-26 | 다이니폰 인사츠 가부시키가이샤 | 방현 필름, 편광판, 액정 패널 및 화상 표시 장치 |
WO2018070300A1 (ja) * | 2016-10-11 | 2018-04-19 | 株式会社ダイセル | 反射防止材 |
JP2018198050A (ja) * | 2017-05-22 | 2018-12-13 | Agc株式会社 | 防汚膜付き透明基板および静電容量型インセルタッチパネル式液晶表示装置 |
WO2020194719A1 (ja) * | 2019-03-28 | 2020-10-01 | 堺ディスプレイプロダクト株式会社 | 液晶表示装置 |
WO2020196898A1 (ja) * | 2019-03-28 | 2020-10-01 | 堺ディスプレイプロダクト株式会社 | 光散乱膜および液晶表示装置 |
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TWI665472B (zh) * | 2014-06-13 | 2019-07-11 | 美商3M創新有限公司 | 用於閃光抑制之光學堆疊 |
US9507162B1 (en) * | 2014-09-19 | 2016-11-29 | Amazon Technologies, Inc. | Display component assembly |
KR20160104248A (ko) * | 2015-02-26 | 2016-09-05 | 동우 화인켐 주식회사 | 방현 필름, 이를 이용한 편광판 및 표시장치 |
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KR101988548B1 (ko) * | 2016-12-12 | 2019-06-12 | 주식회사 엘지화학 | 광학 필름 및 이를 포함하는 화상 표시 장치 |
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JP2023516552A (ja) * | 2020-03-05 | 2023-04-20 | エルジー・ケム・リミテッド | 防眩フィルム、偏光板およびディスプレイ装置 |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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JPWO2013054805A1 (ja) | 2015-03-30 |
TWI461749B (zh) | 2014-11-21 |
JP6048412B2 (ja) | 2016-12-21 |
TW201316045A (zh) | 2013-04-16 |
US20140254021A1 (en) | 2014-09-11 |
KR101934607B1 (ko) | 2019-01-02 |
KR20140072865A (ko) | 2014-06-13 |
CN103858025A (zh) | 2014-06-11 |
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