WO2013046072A1

WO2013046072A1 - Self-discharging railway wagon

Info

Publication number: WO2013046072A1
Application number: PCT/IB2012/054243
Authority: WO
Inventors: Miroslav DONNER
Original assignee: Legios Europe Ag.
Priority date: 2011-09-29
Filing date: 2012-08-22
Publication date: 2013-04-04
Also published as: HRP20190810T1; PL2760721T3; EP2760721B1; CZ2011609A3; TR201906534T4; EP2760721A1; CZ307515B6

Abstract

Self-discharging railway wagon The self-discharging railway wagon (1) is designed for the universal transport of bulk material in two hoppers (3) on a frame (5) with bogies (20), while the discharge gates (4) allow for continual and dosed unloading of the transported material either directly or onto a conveyor belt. The subject-matter of the invention lies in the shortening of the wagon (1) length (L) within the range of 12680 mm to 12950 mm while maintaining an optimal loading volume of 48 m³ ±10°, while achieving an optimal position of the center of gravity above the rails (25) and discharge angle α = 50°± identical at the side walls (16) and front walls (17) of the hopper (3) for problem-free unloading of various types of bulk material, especially sand and gravel, as well as in the design of lightened construction with a low actual wagon (1) weight. According to the invention, the wagon (1) is fitted with shortened headings (6) with recessed plates (13) of the chambers of the headings (6) with a central cavity (26) for automatic coupling, bogies (20) without headstocks and with integrated braking units (36) for automatic coupling, lightened reinforcing saddles (19) and improved control mechanism (18) for controlling the discharge gates (4). The parameters of the wagon (1) allow for a better ratio of loading volume / net weight for trains, which leads to an improved economy of railway freight transport.

Description

Self-discharging railway wagon

Field of the invention

The invention relates to self-discharging railway wagons designed for the transport of bulk materials, especially sand and gravel.

Background of the invention

Self-discharging railway wagons designed for the transport of bulk material are distinct in their construction according to the type of transported material. Self- discharging wagons for the transport of coal are distinct, for example, in their large discharging gates and different discharging angles than self-discharging wagons for the transport of gravel and sand. The known construction of the self-discharging wagon is formed by a compartment divided into two hoppers with discharging gates on both sides, fixed to the frame generally equipped with two double-axle bogies with headstocks. The frame is a welded compartment construction comprising two headings connected by external stringers with transverse braces. The heading includes a front crosspiece on the front side of which are attached buffers and a manual coupler, and a main crosspiece connected with the front crosspiece using a center beam welded to the near side of the front crosspiece and the main crosspiece. The headings contain traversable walkways with access ladder steps on both sides.

The compartment attached to the frame is an open container welded from the top and divided into two hoppers, each of which is rectangular in shape, narrowed at the bottom, with an upper body tapering the hopper profile. All walls of the pyramid that form the cladding of each of the hoppers are inclined at a certain angle to the plane of the rail surface. This angle, known as the discharging angle, is distinct as per the type and volume of the transported material. The larger the discharging angle, the smaller the volume of the hopper and thus the volume of the transported material. This is in regard to the fact that the height of the wagon is limited by the height of its center of gravity, which must not be at such a height that would cause the wagon to tip over.

In the side walls of the hoppers, there are trapezoidal openings set with discharge gates to control the unloading of the transported material and the amount of discharge. The gates are shaped weldments, wherein each of the discharge gates is opened and closed by a machine-driven independent controlling mechanism as well as a manual lever for emergency opening or closing of the respective discharge gates.

The self-discharging wagons are equipped with a braking unit attached to the frame of the wagon, from which the braking force is transferred using control rods to the wheels of the bogie.

The sloping front walls of the hoppers are supported above the headings using various supporting constructions, such as single bars or reinforcing ribbing directed against each other towards the center of the heading.

It is desirable (and this parameter is very important for railway clients) that the hopper may be dumped onto a belt conveyor even across a track, meaning that the height of the rail dump above the top of the rail must be sufficient for the positioning and function of the conveyor belt. The requirement leads back to the increase in the height of the center of gravity of the wagon. The mass of the wagon itself is also important for the optimal economy of the transport.

The disadvantages of existing self-discharging railway wagons for the transport of bulk materials is mostly that they are not universally constructed for the transport of various types of bulk materials at the optimal proportion of the wagon length, cargo volume, hopper angle value, position of the wagon's center of gravity, and the dumping height above the rails. In general these wagons are too long and thus have an undesirable proportion of length to volume, meaning that only a certain number of them may be included in a train. The purpose of this invention is to create a universal self-discharging railway wagon which would remove the aforementioned disadvantages, and for a large cargo volume would have a shorter length, which would enable an increased number of wagons connected in the train at a standard length of a train (around 600 meters), which would mean that an increased volume of transported freight would be achieved for the train, and the economy of the train freight transport would be improved.

Summary of the invention

The subject-matter of the improvement, according to the invention, is a self- discharging railway wagon which includes a frame equipped with two bogies and a compartment attached to the frame and divided into two pyramidal hoppers, from which each is equipped with discharge gates with control mechanisms on both ends, while the frame terminates with headings on both ends that consist of a front crosspiece with buffers and a coupler and from the main crosspiece connected with the front crosspiece by central plates of the chamber of the heading, while the headings are mutually connected with transverse braces. The subject-matter of the invention is that the length of the wagon across the buffers lies within the range of 12680 mm to 12950 mm, the hopper angle (a) of the side walls and front walls of the hoppers are identical, and their value is a = 50° ± 2%, the light height of the discharge openings of the hoppers above the top of the rails is at least 650 mm, while the loading capacity of the wagon is 48 m³ ± 10% and the actual mass of the wagon is 21 t ± 2 %.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the shortening of the length of the wagon is achieved by shortening the headings, while the length of each heading is within a range of 2038 to 2042 mm.

In another preferred embodiment of the invention, the shortening of the headings is achieved in that the plates of the heading chamber extend their terminal area at least partially to the body of the front crosspiece and/or main crosspiece. From a constructional perspective, it is preferable if the chamber plates of the heading cover the entire width of the body of the front crosspiece and show a central cavity which empties as an opening on the front side of the front crosspiece, and which is prepared for the storage of the automatic coupling.

It is also preferable to have two supports for the automatic coupling located in the central cavity for the storage of the automatic coupling into the central cavity.

In another preferable embodiment of the invention, each front wall of the hopper is equipped above the heading connected with the heading using at least two reinforcing saddles of an irregular shape, where the bottom side of each reinforcing saddle is welded to the stringer, the front side forming the rectangular protrusion extends below the side wall of the hopper and is welded to it, the upper side is adjacent to the front wall of the hopper and is welded to it, and the back side of the reinforcing saddle forms an arch in the central part concave towards the front wall of the hopper, and in the lower part creates, together with the lower side, a wedge directed away from the front wall of the hopper, while in the central area of the reinforcing saddle, a relief opening is formed in roughly the shape of a triangle.

In a preferable material and strength embodiment, the reinforcing saddle is from sheet metal, and the back side of the reinforcing saddle and the edges of the relief opening are fitted with flat belt seams welded to the reinforcing saddle and arranged perpendicular to the level surface of the reinforcing saddle.

In another preferable strength embodiment of the invention, two reinforcing saddles are arranged above the stringers, while central ribbing is located between them which is welded to the front wall of the hopper and to the transverse reinforcement of the frame, while the reinforcing saddles and central ribbing are fitted with recesses into which a horizontal brace of the front hopper wall is inserted.

To shorten the overall wagon length, it is also preferable to have the bogies without headstocks, and an integrated braking unit is inside each bogie. In another preferable embodiment of the self-discharging railway wagon according to the invention, the controlling mechanism of the discharge gate consists of a pneumatic double-acting cylinder fixed to the side wall of the hopper, attached from a swivel arm to the rod of the pneumatic double-acting cylinder, and from the control shaft for controlling the movement of the discharge gate, while the shaft is connected to the swivel arm and fitted with a torque multiplier to ease manual opening.

In the most preferable ratio of dimensions and weight, the length of the wagon is 12680 mm across the buffers, the hopper angle (a) of the front walls and side walls of the hoppers is 50°, the light height of the hoppers above the rails is 680 mm, the loading capacity of the wagon is 48 m³, and the actual weight of the wagon is 21 t.

The advantages of the self-discharging railway wagon according to the invention lies in the fact that with a large load volume and small actual mass, it achieves optimal discharging and transport characteristics with a short wagon length; this leads to improved economy of railway freight transport, when for the same train length it is possible to load a larger volume and mass of transported material. The aforementioned advantages of the wagon are brought about by shortened heading construction, bogies without headstocks, identical discharge angles a = 50°± 2% at the front and side walls of the hoppers, as well as the construction of the reinforcing saddles which is ideal for transferring loads and forces acting on an empty and loaded wagon in the longitudinal and transverse directions.

Brief description of the drawings

The invention is described in detail by means of the drawings, where figure 1 shows the side view of the self-discharging railway wagon, figure 2 shows the rear view of the self-discharging railway wagon, figure 3 shows the layout of the self-discharging railway wagon, figure 4 shows the perspective axonometric view of the self- discharging railway wagon, figure 5 shows the layout of the frame, figure 6 shows the perspective axonometric view on the heading, figure 7 shows the perspective axonometric view of the reinforcing saddle, figure 8 shows a detailed view of the controlling mechanism of the discharge gate, and figure 9 shows the layout of the bogie.

Examples of the preferred embodiments of the invention

It should be understood that the following described and displayed specific examples of the realization of the invention are presented solely for illustrative purposes and not as a limitation of the examples of the embodiments of the invention for the cases indicated. Persons skilled in the art who are familiar with the state of the art shall find, or using routine experimentation will be able to determine, a larger or smaller number of equivalents to the specific realizations of the invention which are specifically described here. These equivalents shall also be included into the scope of the patent claims.

The four-axle bogied self-discharging railway wagon 1 of the Faccns series shown in figures 1 to 8 is designed mainly for the transport of sand and gravel on a railway with a rail gauge 25 of 1435 mm. The bogie consists of a frame 5 created as a welded construction consisting of two headings 6 connected with two external stringers 7 with transverse braces 8. The headings 6 are shortened in comparison to common design, while their length is I = 2040 mm. They are welded from steel profiles consisting of a front crosspiece 9, a main crosspiece 10, and chamber plates 13 of heading 6. The shortened length 1_ is achieved in that one terminal area of the chamber plates 13 completely passes through the front crosspiece 9 throughout its entire width and partially extends into the main crosspiece 10. Between the chamber plates 13 of the heading 6 there is a central cavity 26 that ends as an opening 27 on the front side of the front crosspiece 9, while containing supports 28 of the automatic coupling for storing the automatic coupling (not pictured). Also on the front side of the front crosspiece 9 between the buffers 1 there is a manual coupling 12 attached. On the front crosspiece 9 there are also handles for the railwayman and holders for hanging lanterns. The bogies 20 fixed to the main crosspieces 10 of the frame 5 below the headings 6 are also shortened, since they are not fixed with headstocks that normally serve to reinforce the bogie construction, but they prolong its overall length. The bogies 20 of the wagon without headstocks are modified so that they can fit in front of the floor of the hoppers 3, respectively in front of the chutes 2 for discharging the material. The internal part of the bogie 20 is modified for storing integrated braking units 36 acting directly on the wheels of the bogie 20, without the need to transfer the braking force using control rods in the side or bottom part of the wagon 1_. On the headings 6, there are also traversable walkways 14 with double access steps 15.

On the frame 5, there is a compartment 2 welded for loading, transport, and unloading of the bulk material. The construction of the compartment 2 is selected so that together with the frame 5 it creates a compact, firm, sufficiently voluminous, load-bearing, and shortened unit. The compartment 2 is welded from sheet metal plates and profiles and is created from two hoppers 3 in the shape of a four-sided rectangular pyramid, while the upper part of the hopper 3 is formed by a dome structure which creates one single rectangular opening at the top of the wagon with dimensions of 1 600 x 10365 mm. The central and lower part of each hopper 3 is formed by two opposing side walls 16 and two opposing front walls 17, welded into the shape of a pyramid. The wagon is constructed for unloading transported material by its own gravitation with the possibility of limited discharge doses. This is achieved using discharge openings in the shape of an isosceles trapezoid in the side walls 16 of the hoppers 3. The discharge openings are closed by discharge gates 4 comprising steel convex weldments which can be operated either pneumatically or manually. The pneumatically operated mechanism 18 of the discharge gate 4 includes a pneumatic double-action gate 22 fixed on the side wall 16, whose rod 35 is pivotally attached with a curved swivel arm 34 on the control shaft 23, which is also equipped with a torque multiplier 24 placed at the end of the control shaft 23. The manual operation of the control shaft 23 is secured by a manual lever for manual control of the discharge gates 4, attached to the torque multiplier 24. The openings serving for the discharge of the transported material using the discharge gates 4 of the hoppers 3 are gradually reduced to the dimensions of the bulk discharge trough at width of 700 mm, the light height above the surface of the rail is H = 680 mm. The wagon 1_ is equipped with added chutes 2 for extending the discharge trough for dumping the material to the surface of the rail 25.

The front walls 17 of the hoppers 3 arranged above the headings 6 are attached to the frame 5 of the wagon using reinforcing saddles 19 welded to the stringers 7 of the frame 5. The reinforcing saddle 19 is an irregular fired piece from a strong-walled sheet metal plate, the shape of which is designed so as to optimally eliminate the load of wagon 1_ from the loaded hoppers 3 in the lengthwise and crosswise directions. The lower straight side of the reinforcing saddle 19 is welded to the stringer 7. The front side making up the rectangular protrusion extends below the side wall 16 of the hopper 3 and is welded to it. The cross upper side of the reinforcing saddle 19 runs along the length of the front wall 17 of the hopper 3 and is welded to it. The rear side of the reinforcing saddle 19 running from the upper part of the hopper 3 to the stringer 7 first has a longitudinal section, then in the central part is formed by an arch concave towards the front wall 17 of the hopper 3, and in the lower part forms, together with the lower side, a wedge tapering towards the front wall 17 of the hopper 3 towards the front crosspiece 9. Roughly in the center of the reinforcing saddle 19 is a triangular relief opening 29, the edges of which are strengthened with welded flat belt seams 30. The same flat belt seams 30 are also welded along the entire rear side of the reinforcing saddle 19. Between the two reinforcing saddles 19 welded to the stringers 7, there are central ribbings 3J. which are also welded to the front wall 17 of the hopper 3, and like both reinforcing saddles 19 are fitted with a recess 33 into which the horizontal brace 32 of the front wall 17 of the hopper 3 is inserted and welded.

In the depicted design example, the self-discharging railway wagon 1_ has a length L = 12680 mm across the buffers 11., the discharge angle a of the front walls 17 and side walls 16 is 50°, the light height of the hoppers 3 above the rails 25 is H = 680 mm, the loading volume of the wagon is 48 m³, and the actual weight of the wagon is 21 t. The loading volume of the wagon is 69 t, which means that the total volume of the loaded wagon 1_ is maximum 90 t. In a loaded state with the value on one axle 22.5 t, the wagon 1_ is constructed for a maximum speed of 100 km/hr, while in an empty (unloaded) state, the maximum speed of the wagon 1_ is 120 km/hr.

Industrial applicability

The self-discharging railway wagon, according to the invention, can be used for transporting bulk material, especially sand and gravel.

Overview of the positions used in the drawings

1 self-discharging railway wagon

2 compartment

3 hopper

4 discharge gate

5 frame

6 heading

7 stringer

8 reinforcing crosspiece

9 front crosspiece

10 main crosspiece

1 1 buffer

12 manual coupling

13 heading chamber plates

14 traversable walkway

15 ladder steps

1 6 side wall of the hopper

17 front wall of the hopper

18 discharge gate control mechanism

19 reinforcing saddle

20 bogie

21 chute

22 pneumatic double-action cylinder

23 control shaft

24 torque multiplier

25 rail

26 central cavity

27 opening

28 automatic coupling supporter

29 reinforcing saddle relief hole

30 seam of reinforcing saddle 31 central ribbing

32 horizontal reinforcement

33 recess

34 swivel arm

35 rod

36 braking unit

L wagon length across buffers

I heading length

H light height of hopper bottom a discharge angle

Claims

1. A self-discharging railway wagon (1) including a frame (5) fitted with two bogies (20) and a compartment (2) attached to the frame (5) and divided into two pyramidal hoppers (3), of which each is fitted with discharge gates (4) on both sides with a control mechanism (18), while the frame (5) terminates on both ends with headings (6) consisting of a front crosspiece (9) with buffers (11) and a coupling (12) and of a main crosspiece (10) connected to the front crosspiece (9) by plates (13) of the chamber of the heading (6), while the headings (6) are mutually connected by stringers (7) with transverse braces (8), characterized i n that the length (L) of the wagon (1 ) across the buffers (11 ) is within a range of 12680 mm to 12950 mm, the discharge angle (a) of the side walls (16) and the front walls (17) of the hoppers (3) is identical, and its value is a = 50° ± 2%, the light height (H) of the discharge openings of the hoppers (3) above the rails (25) is at least 650 mm, while the loaded volume of the wagon (1) is 48 m³ ± 10% and the actual weight of the wagon (1) is 21 t ± 2

2. The self-discharging railway wagon according to claim 1, characterized i n t h a t the length (I) of each heading (6) is within a range of 2032 to 2042 mm.

3. The self-discharging railway wagon according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the plates (13) of the chamber of the heading (6) extend their terminal area at least partly into the body of the front crosspiece (9) and/or the main crosspiece (10).

4. The self-discharging railway wagon according to claim 3, characterized i n t h a t the plates (13) of the chamber of the heading (6) cover the entire width of the body of the front crosspiece (9) and forms a central cavity (26), which ends in an opening (27) on the front side of the front crosspiece (9).

5. The self-discharging railway wagon according to claim 4, characterized i n that that in the central cavity (26) there are two supporters (28) of the automatic coupler situated for the automatic coupler.

6. The self-discharging railway wagon according to at least one of the claims 1 to 5, characterized in that that each front wall (17) of the hopper (3) arranged above the heading (6), is connected to the heading by means of at least two reinforcing saddles (19) of irregular shape, where the lower side of each reinforcing saddle (19) is welded to the stringer (7), the front side forming a rectangular protrusion extends below the side wall (16) of the hopper (3) and is welded to it, the upper side adjacent to the front wall (17) of the hopper (3) is welded to it, and the rear side of the reinforced saddle (19) forms in its the central part an arch concaved towards the front wall (17) of the hopper (3) and in the lower part forms, together with the lower side, a wedge directed away from the front wall (17) of the hopper (3), wherein in the central area of the reinforcing saddle (19), there is a relief opening (29) formed roughly in the shape of a triangle.

7. The self-discharging railway wagon according to claim 6, characterized i n that that the reinforcing saddle (19) is from sheet metal plating, and the rear side of the reinforcing saddle (19) and the edge of the relief opening (29) are fitted with flat belt seams (30) welded together with the reinforcing saddle (19) and arranged perpendicular to the surface level of the reinforcing saddle (19).

8. The self-discharging railway wagon according to claim 6 or 7, characterized i n that that between the reinforcing saddles (19), positioned above the stringers (7), and between them, there is a central ribbing (31) welded to the front wall (17) of the hopper (3) and with the transverse brace (8) of the frame (5), while the reinforcing saddles (19) and the central ribbing (31) are fitted with recesses (33) into which a horizontal brace (32) of the front wall (17) of the hopper (3) is inserted.

9. The self-discharging railway wagon according to at least one of claims 1 to 8, c haracteri zed i n that that the bogies (20) are without headstocks, and inside each bogie (20) there is an integrated braking unit (36).

10. The self-discharging railway wagon according to at least one of claims 1 to 9, c haracteri zed i n that that the control mechanism (18) of the discharge gate (4) consists of a pneumatic double-action cylinder (22) attached to the side wall (16) of the hopper (3), from a swivel arm (34) attached to the tod (35) of the pneumatic double-action cylinder (22), and from the control shaft 23) for controlling the movement of the discharge gate (4), while the shaft (23) is attached with a swivel arm (34) and fitted with a torque multiplier (24) to ease manual opening.

11. The self-discharging railway wagon according to at least one of claims 1 to 10, c haracteri zed i n that that the length (L) of the wagon (1 ) across the buffers (11) is L = 12680 mm, the discharge angle (a) of the front walls (17) and side walls (16) of the hoppers (3) is a = 50°, the light height (H) of the hoppers (3) above the rails (25) is H = 680 mm, the loading volume of the wagon (1 ) is 48 m³, and the actual weight of the wagon (1 ) is 21 t.