WO2013044827A1 - 一种跟踪路由测试方法、***、装置及设备 - Google Patents

一种跟踪路由测试方法、***、装置及设备 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2013044827A1
WO2013044827A1 PCT/CN2012/082187 CN2012082187W WO2013044827A1 WO 2013044827 A1 WO2013044827 A1 WO 2013044827A1 CN 2012082187 W CN2012082187 W CN 2012082187W WO 2013044827 A1 WO2013044827 A1 WO 2013044827A1
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packet
hop
trace
ttl
ttl value
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PCT/CN2012/082187
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English (en)
French (fr)
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李洪涛
吴坤峰
吴涛
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中兴通讯股份有限公司
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Publication of WO2013044827A1 publication Critical patent/WO2013044827A1/zh

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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04LTRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L43/00Arrangements for monitoring or testing data switching networks
    • H04L43/50Testing arrangements
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04LTRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L43/00Arrangements for monitoring or testing data switching networks
    • H04L43/10Active monitoring, e.g. heartbeat, ping or trace-route

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of data communication technologies, and in particular, to a trace routing (Trace) testing method, system, device and device. Background technique
  • the Trace method is an early topology discovery and diagnosis method in the Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP). It can be used to diagnose the router between the test point and the target host.
  • TCP/IP Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol
  • the router always decrements the Time To Live (TTL) value of the packet before forwarding the packet.
  • TTL Time To Live
  • the router sends the TTL timeout Internet control protocol to the source address.
  • Control Message Protocol, ICMP Control Message Protocol
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the principle of the existing trace test.
  • the router R1 receives the packet, When the packet is detected and forwarded, the TTL value of the probe packet is decremented by 1 to 0.
  • the detection packet of 3 and 3 respectively, sending a TTL timeout message to the source PC according to the foregoing process.
  • the probe packet is a User Datagram Protocol (UDP) packet whose destination port number is unreachable.
  • the probe packet is unreachable because the port number is unreachable.
  • UDP packet the destination PC returns a port unreachable error message to the source PC.
  • the source PC determines that the trace probe has arrived at the destination PC based on the source IP address and type of the received error packet. The Trace test ends. .
  • Trace testing by this gradual increase in TTL, for each purpose of detection The host needs to send multiple packets with different TTL values in sequence.
  • the total number of packets required for detection is 2 *(n+l), therefore, a large number of packets sent during probing seriously waste bandwidth resources of the network device and converge slowly, resulting in low detection efficiency.
  • the Trace detection packet can be sent in the same manner as the Trace detection packet, the total number of Trace detection packets sent is unchanged, and the network device cannot be solved. The problem of wasted bandwidth resources. Summary of the invention
  • the embodiments of the present invention provide a method, a system, a device, and a device for tracking route detection, which are used to solve the problem that the detection packets sent by the prior art in the process of tracking and routing are excessive and occupy network bandwidth.
  • the embodiment of the invention provides a tracking route testing method, and the method includes:
  • the trace packet is copied, and the TTL value in the hop-by-hop option in the original trace packet is forwarded by p1; the hop-by-hop option after adding 1 is determined. If the TTL value in the hop-by-hop option is not greater than the TTL value in the packet header of the trace packet, the TTL value in the hop-by-hop option is greater than the TTL value in the packet header. The TTL value of the header is changed to 1 and continues to be forwarded. The TTL value of the packet header is decremented by 1 in the packet forwarding process. For the trace packet of the copy, the TTL value is reduced to 1 and becomes 0. Sends a TTL timeout packet to the source host. If the TTL value in the hop-by-hop option is greater than the TTL value in the packet header, the packet is not forwarded.
  • the port is not sent to the source host. Up to the message.
  • the embodiment of the invention provides a tracking route testing device, and the device includes:
  • the receiving judging module is configured to receive the sixth version of the Internet Protocol IPv6 trace routing trace message, and determine whether the destination address of the trace packet is a local address, where the packet header carries a lifetime TTL value of N, The TTL value of the hop-by-hop option is also included in the trace packet, where N is the number of devices separated between the source host and the destination host, and M is an integer not less than one;
  • the copy update module is configured to: when the destination address of the trace packet is not a local address, copy the trace packet, and add the TTL value in the hop-by-hop option in the original trace packet to 1 and forward the packet; Whether the TTL value in the hop-by-hop option is greater than the TTL value in the packet header of the trace packet;
  • the first sending module is configured to: when the TTL value of the hop-by-hop option is not greater than the TTL value of the trace packet, modify the TTL value in the copied trace packet to 1 and continue to forward the packet.
  • the TTL of the packet header is decremented by 1. If the TTL value of the copied trace packet is decreased by 1, it becomes 0, and the TTL timeout packet is sent to the source host according to the protocol; If the value of the packet with the value greater than the trace packet carries the TTL value, the packet is forwarded.
  • the second sending module is configured to send a port unreachable message to the source host when determining that the destination address of the trace 4 is a local address.
  • An embodiment of the present invention provides a network device, where the network device includes the foregoing device.
  • An embodiment of the present invention provides a tracking route test system, where the system includes: the foregoing network device, and a source host that communicates with the network device;
  • the source host is configured to send a sixth version of the Internet Protocol IPv6 trace routing trace message, where the TTL of the trace packet carries a lifetime TTL value of N, and the trace packet further carries a hop-by-hop option.
  • the TTL value is M, where N is the number of devices between the source host and the destination host.
  • the value of M is an integer that is not less than 1. It receives TTL timeout packets and port unreachable packets.
  • the embodiment of the present invention provides a tracking route test method, system, device, and device.
  • the test method includes: receiving a trace message carrying a TTL value of N in a packet header, where N is a distance between the source host and the destination host.
  • N is a distance between the source host and the destination host.
  • the number of the device, when the packet is not processed locally, the packet is copied, and the TTL value in the hop-by-hop option in the original trace packet is incremented by 1, and the TTL value in the hop-by-hop option is not greater than trace.
  • the TTL timeout packet is sent to the source host. Otherwise, the packet is not forwarded.
  • the port unreachable packet is sent to the source host because the port number cannot be found.
  • a trace test when a trace test is performed, only one trace packet is sent, and the trace test is modified according to the copy of the trace packet, thereby saving the number of sent packets and effectively reducing the bandwidth pressure.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the principle of the existing trace test
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a process of a trace test according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • 3 is a format of a hop-by-hop option header according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 4 is the format of the option in the hop-by-hop option in Figure 3;
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a principle of a trace test according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a tracking route test apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of a traceroute test system according to an embodiment of the present invention. detailed description
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a process of a trace test according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 2, the process includes the following steps:
  • S201 Receive a sixth version of the Internet Protocol (IPv6) trace route (trace) packet, where the TTL of the trace packet carries a TTL value of N, and the trace packet further carries a hop-by-hop option.
  • the TTL value is M, where N is the number of devices separated between the source host and the destination host, and M is an integer not less than one.
  • step S202 Determine whether the destination address of the trace packet is a local address. If it is determined that the destination address of the trace packet is not a local address, go to step S203. Otherwise, go to step S207.
  • the TTL value in the hop-by-hop option carried in the packet is set to 1.
  • the initial value of the TTL in the hop-by-hop option is set to other integer values, as long as the subsequent intermediate router and the destination host know how to continue to send the trace message according to the TTL value in the hop-by-hop option.
  • S203 The trace packet is copied, and the TTL value in the hop-by-hop option in the original trace packet is incremented by one and then forwarded.
  • each device on the hop link is subjected to a trace test.
  • the trace packet is copied.
  • the trace packet of the copy is used to determine whether to return a TTL timeout packet to the source host.
  • the original trace packet is forwarded.
  • step S204 Determine whether the TTL value in the hop-by-hop option is greater than the TTL value carried in the packet header of the trace packet. If the determination result is yes, proceed to step S205; otherwise, proceed to step S206.
  • the TTL value of the hop-by-hop option is updated, and the TTL timeout message is sent to the source host according to the TTL value in the hop-by-hop option carried in the updated trace packet. .
  • S205 Stop forwarding the message.
  • S206 The TTL value in the traced packet is changed to 1 and the TTL value in the copied trace packet is decremented by 1 when the TTL value is decreased by 1 and then becomes 0. Sends a TTL timeout packet to the source host.
  • S207 Send a port unreachable packet to the source host.
  • the source host in order to test the intermediate router and the destination host, the source host records the time point of sending the trace message after sending the trace message, according to the sending time and the time of receiving each error message. , to determine whether the device between the source host and the destination host is faulty.
  • the error packet includes a TTL timeout packet and a port unreachable packet.
  • the average time t of sending a TTL timeout message according to the sending time and each hop between the source host and the destination host is determined. Time when the TTL timeout packet is received for each hop;
  • the trace message sent by the source host is a hop-by-hop option packet header that utilizes the sixth version of the Internet Protocol (IPv6), and each packet in the process of transmission is in the process of transmission.
  • IPv6 Internet Protocol
  • the packet is detected.
  • IPv6 basic protocol stack the format of the hop-by-hop option header is as shown in FIG. 3.
  • the first 8 bits of the packet-by-option header are the information of the next packet header, and the hop-by-hop option is identified.
  • the type of the next packet header following the header is in units of 8 octets, excluding the length of the hop-by-hop option packet headers including the first 8 octets, followed by the option.
  • a hop-by-hop option header is also selected as a TTL option, which is used to indicate that a TTL timeout error message is returned in the next next hop, and the length of the option type is defined as 1 word.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a trace test according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the source host When a source host sends a trace packet, the source host carries a TTL value of N (for example, 4) in the header of the IPv6 trace packet to identify that it can The maximum hop count of the test, that is, the test that supports the maximum N hop.
  • the hop-by-hop option in the trace packet carries the TTL option data.
  • the TTL in the hop-by-hop option is set to 1, indicating that the first hop returns. TTL timeout packet.
  • the trace packet After the source host is configured to complete the trace packet, the trace packet is sent out and the time when the trace packet is sent is recorded.
  • the first hop router R1 parses the packet by using the IPv6 protocol, and determines that the packet needs to be forwarded according to the destination address of the trace packet, and is carried in the packet.
  • the hop-by-hop option is used to determine that the packet is a trace packet and needs to be trace processed.
  • the first hop router R1 copies the trace packet and adds 1 to the value of the TTL in the hop-by-hop option in the original trace packet.
  • the TTL value in the hop-by-hop option becomes 2. If the judgment 2 is not greater than 4, the TTL value in the header of the copied trace packet is changed to 1, and then the packet is forwarded. When forwarding, the TTL value in the header of the trace packet is decremented by 1. After 0, the first hop router R1 sends a TTL timeout packet.
  • the second hop router R2 parses the packet by using the IPv6 protocol, and determines that the packet needs to be forwarded, and the packet is determined by the hop-by-hop option. For trace packets, trace processing is required.
  • the second hop router R2 first copies the trace packet and adds 1 to the TTL value in the hop-by-hop option in the original trace packet.
  • the TTL value in the hop-by-hop option becomes 3. If the TTL value in the header of the copied packet is changed to 1, the process of forwarding the packet is forwarded. When forwarding, the TTL value in the header of the trace packet is decremented by 1. After 0, Then, the second hop router R2 sends a TTL timeout message.
  • the third hop router R3 it continues the same operation as the first hop router and the second hop router, and sends the trace packet to the destination host.
  • the destination host parses the packet and determines that the packet needs to be processed locally. The port number is not found and the port unreachable packet is sent to the source host.
  • Each hop router sends a TTL timeout packet to the source host. Therefore, each TTL timeout packet received by the source host includes a TTL value in its hop-by-hop option and contains the source IPv6 address. Therefore, the source host will The TTL value of the received TTL timeout packet, and the source IPv6 address and the receiving time of each TTL timeout packet are recorded.
  • the round-trip time to the first hop router is the time when the first hop router returns the TTL timeout packet and the time difference between the trace packets sent, and is recorded as T1, and the round trip time of the corresponding second hop router is T2. It is equal to the time when the second hop router returns the TTL timeout message and the time difference between sending the trace message, and so on, to determine the round trip time of each hop.
  • the timeout period t of the trace packet is set in the source host. For the timeout t corresponding to the round trip time of the first hop router, the timeout corresponding to the second hop is 2t, and the timeout corresponding to the corresponding Nth hop is Nt.
  • the timeout corresponding to the corresponding hop is unreachable. If the source host receives the port unreachable packet from the destination host, the trace test process ends. If the source host has not received the port unreachable packet from the destination host of the destination address until the maximum timeout period (timeout period * maximum probe TTL value) is reached, it is determined that the device between the source host and the destination host is faulty.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a tracking route test apparatus according to an embodiment of the present disclosure, where the apparatus includes:
  • the receiving judging module 61 is configured to receive the sixth version of the Internet Protocol IPv6 trace routing trace packet, and determine whether the destination address of the trace packet is a local address, where the packet header carries a lifetime TTL value of N. And the trace message also carries the hop-by-hop option.
  • the TTL value is M, where N is the number of devices separated between the source host and the destination host, and M is an integer not less than one;
  • the copy update module 62 is configured to: when the destination address of the trace packet is determined to be a non-local address, copy the trace packet, and forward the TTL value in the hop-by-hop option in the original trace packet by 1; Whether the TTL value in the hop-by-hop option is greater than the TTL value in the packet header of the trace packet;
  • the first sending module 63 is configured to: when the TTL value of the hop-by-hop option is not greater than the TTL value of the trace packet, the TTL value in the copied trace packet is changed to 1 and continues to be forwarded. During the forwarding process, the TTL of the packet header is decremented by 1. If the TTL value of the copied trace packet is decreased by 1, it becomes 0, and the TTL timeout packet is sent to the source host according to the protocol; If the TTL value is greater than the TTL value in the packet header of the trace packet, the packet is forwarded.
  • the second sending module 64 is configured to send a port unreachable message to the source host when determining that the destination address of the trace 4 is a local address.
  • the receiving judgment module 61 is configured to receive an initial value of 1 in the hop-by-hop option carried in the trace packet.
  • the embodiment of the invention provides a network device, which comprises the device described in FIG. 6 above.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of a tracking route test system according to an embodiment of the present invention, where the system includes: the foregoing network device 71, and a source host 72 that communicates with the network device;
  • the source host 72 is configured to send a sixth version of the Internet Protocol IPv6 trace routing trace message, where the packet header carries a TTL value of N, and the trace packet also carries a hop-by-hop option.
  • the TTL value is M, where N is the number of devices that are separated from the source host and the destination host. M is an integer that is not less than 1. It receives TTL timeout packets and port unreachable packets.
  • the source host 72 is further configured to record a sending time of sending the trace packet; The time of sending and the time when each error message is received is determined whether the device between the source host and the destination host is faulty, and the error message includes: a TTL timeout message and a port unreachable message.
  • the source host 72 is configured to determine, according to the sending time and the average time t of sending a TTL timeout packet for each hop between the source host and the destination host, the time for receiving the TTL timeout packet for each hop; Before the timeout of the TTL timeout packet, the TTL of the hop returned by the hop is received, and the hop is determined to be reachable.
  • the embodiment of the present invention provides a tracking route test method, system, device, and device.
  • the test method includes: receiving a trace message carrying a TTL value of N in a packet header, where N is a distance between the source host and the destination host.
  • N is a distance between the source host and the destination host.
  • the number of the device when the packet is not processed locally, the packet is copied, and the TTL value in the hop-by-hop option in the original trace packet is incremented by 1, and the TTL value in the hop-by-hop option is not greater than trace.
  • the TTL timeout packet is sent to the source host. Otherwise, the packet is not forwarded.
  • the port unreachable packet is sent to the source host because the port number cannot be found.
  • a trace test when a trace test is performed, only one trace packet is sent, and the trace test is modified according to the copy of the trace packet, thereby saving the number of sent packets and effectively reducing the bandwidth pressure.

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Abstract

本发明公开了一种跟踪路由测试方法,包括:接收报文头中携带 TTL 值为 N的trace报文,N为源主机与目的主机之间相隔设备的数量,非本地处理报文时,对报文进行拷贝,并将原始trace报文中逐跳选项中的 TTL值加1后转发,并在逐跳选项中 TTL值不大于trace报文的报文头中携带 TTL 值时,向源主机发送 TTL超时报文,否则,停止转发报文。在报文为本地处理报文时,找不到端口号,向源主机发送端口不可达报文。本发明还相应公开一种跟踪路由测试***、装置及设备,由于在进行trace测试时只发送一个trace报文,根据对trace报文的拷贝,修改完成trace测试,从而节省了发送的报文数量,有效减轻了带宽的压力。

Description

一种跟踪路由测试方法、 ***、 装置及设备 技术领域
本发明涉及数据通信技术领域, 尤其涉及一种跟踪路由 (Trace ) 测试 方法、 ***、 装置及设备。 背景技术
Trace 方法是网络通信协议 ( Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol, TCP/IP ) 内一种比较早的拓朴发现和诊断方法, 它可以用来诊断 测试点和目标主机之间的路由器。
路由器在转发报文之前总是将报文的生存时间 (Time To Live, TTL ) 值减 1 , 当 TTL值减为 0时, 路由器则向源地址发送 TTL超时的互联网控 制才艮文协议 (Internet Control Message Protocol, ICMP)消息。 Trace实现的 原理就是根据路由器的这个特性。
图 1为现有 trace测试的原理示意图, 如图 1所示, 当在 PC之间对路 由器 R1~R3进行测试时, 源 PC首先向 R1发送 TTL=1的探测报文, 当 R1 接收到该探测报文并转发时, 将探测报文中的 TTL值减 1后为 0, 此时路 由器 R1向源 PC发送 TTL超时报文,相应的路由器 R2、 R3会接收到源 PC 发送的 TTL=2和 3的探测报文, 其依据上述过程分别向源 PC发送 TTL超 时报文。源 PC向目的 PC发送 TTL=n的探测报文,探测报文为一个目的端 口号不可达的用户数据包协议(User Datagram Protocol, UDP )报文, 由于 该探测报文为端口号不可达的 UDP报文, 因此目的 PC会向源 PC返回一 个端口不可达差错报文, 源 PC根据接收到的差错报文的源 IP地址和类型, 从而确定 Trace探测已经到达了目的 PC, 则 Trace测试结束。
通过这种逐渐增大 TTL的办法进行 Trace测试, 由于每探测一个目的 主机需要依次发送不同 TTL值的多个报文, 当目的主机与源主机相隔很多 个路由器时, 例如, 当目的主机与源主机相隔 n个路由器时, 则探测需要 的总报文个数是 2*(n+l), 因此, 探测时发送的大量报文严重浪费了网络设 备的带宽资源, 并且收敛较慢, 从而造成探测效率较低。 另外, 虽然在发 送 Trace探测报文时, 可以采用并发式方法, 依次发送多个不同 TTL值的 Trace探测报文, 但是发送的 Trace探测报文的总数量是不变的, 依然无法 解决网络设备带宽资源浪费的问题。 发明内容
本发明实施例提供一种跟踪路由测试方法、 ***、 装置及设备, 用以 解决现有技术在进行跟踪路由过程中发送的探测报文过多、 占用网络带宽 的问题。
本发明实施例提供一种跟踪路由测试方法, 所述方法包括:
接收第六版互联网协议 IPv6跟踪路由 trace报文, 判断该 trace报文的 目的地址是否为本地地址, 其中该 trace报文的报文头中携带生存时间 TTL 值为 N,并且该 trace报文中还携带有逐跳选项中的 TTL值为 M, N为测试 的最大跳数, M为不小于 1的整数;
当确定该 trace报文的目的地址非本地地址时,拷贝该 trace报文,并将 原始 trace报文中的逐跳选项中的 TTL值力 p 1后转发;判断加 1后的该逐跳 选项中的 TTL值是否大于 trace报文的报文头中携带 TTL值; 当逐跳选项 中的 TTL值不大于 trace报文的报文头中携带 TTL值时, 将拷贝的该 trace 报文中报文头的 TTL值修改为 1并继续转发,报文转发过程中报文头的 TTL 值进行减 1操作, 对于该拷贝的 trace报文, 其 TTL值减 1后变成 0, 按照 协议规定要向源主机发送 TTL超时报文;当逐跳选项中的 TTL值大于 trace 报文的报文头中携带 TTL值时 , 停止转发报文;
当确定该 trace 4艮文的目的地址为本地地址时, 向源主机发送端口不可 达报文。
本发明实施例提供一种跟踪路由测试装置, 所述装置包括:
接收判断模块, 用于接收第六版互联网协议 IPv6跟踪路由 trace报文, 判断该 trace报文的目的地址是否为本地地址,其中该 trace报文的报文头中 携带生存时间 TTL值为 N,并且该 trace报文中还携带有逐跳选项中的 TTL 值为 M, N为源主机与目的主机之间相隔设备的数量, M为不小于 1的整 数;
拷贝更新模块, 用于当确定该 trace报文的目的地址非本地地址时, 拷 贝该 trace报文,并将原始 trace报文中的逐跳选项中的 TTL值加 1后转发; 判断加 1后的该逐跳选项中的 TTL值是否大于 trace报文的报文头中携带 TTL值;
第一发送模块,用于当逐跳选项中的 TTL值不大于 trace报文的报文头 中携带 TTL值时,将拷贝的该 trace报文中的 TTL值修改为 1并继续转发, 报文转发过程中对报文头的 TTL进行减 1操作, 对于拷贝的 trace报文, 其 TTL值减 1后变为 0, 按照协议规定向源主机发送 TTL超时报文; 当逐 跳选项中的 TTL值大于 trace报文的报文头中携带 TTL值时, 停止报文转 发;
第二发送模块, 用于当确定该 trace 4艮文的目的地址为本地地址时, 向 源主机发送端口不可达报文。
本发明实施例提供一种网络设备, 所述网络设备包括上述所述的装置。 本发明实施例提供一种跟踪路由测试***, 所述***包括: 上述网络 设备, 及与该网络设备进行通信的源主机;
源主机,用于发送第六版互联网协议 IPv6跟踪路由 trace报文,其中该 trace报文的报文头中携带生存时间 TTL值为 N, 并且该 trace报文中还携 带有逐跳选项中的 TTL值为 M, N为源主机与目的主机之间相隔设备的数 量, M为不小于 1的整数; 并接收 TTL超时报文及端口不可达报文。
本发明实施例提供一种跟踪路由测试方法、 ***、 装置及设备, 该测 试方法包括: 接收报文头中携带有 TTL值为 N的 trace报文, 其中 N为源 主机与目的主机之间相隔设备的数量, 非本地处理报文时, 对该报文进行 拷贝, 并将原始 trace报文中的逐跳选项中的 TTL值加 1后转发, 并在逐跳 选项中的 TTL值不大于 trace报文的报文头中携带 TTL值时, 向源主机发 送 TTL超时报文, 否则, 停止转发该报文。 并在该报文为本地处理报文时, 因为找不到端口号, 向源主机发送端口不可达报文。 由于本发明实施例在 进行 trace测试时, 只发送一个 trace报文, 根据对 trace报文的拷贝, 修改 完成 trace测试, 从而节省了发送的报文数量, 有效的减轻了带宽的压力。 附图说明
图 1为现有 trace测试的原理示意图;
图 2为本发明实施例提供的一种 trace测试的过程示意图;
图 3为本发明实施例中逐跳选项报文头的格式;
图 4为图 3中逐跳选项 4艮文头中选项的格式;
图 5为本发明实施例提供的 trace测试的原理示意图;
图 6为本发明实施例提供的一种跟踪路由测试装置结构示意图; 图 7为本发明实施例提供一种跟踪路由测试***结构示意图。 具体实施方式
为了使本发明所要解决的技术问题、 技术方案及有益效果更加清楚、 明白, 以下结合附图和实施例, 对本发明进行进一步详细说明。 应当理解, 此处所描述的具体实施例仅仅用以解释本发明, 并不用于限定本发明。
为了有效的节省网络带宽, 减少 trace探测报文发送的数量, 本发明实 施例提供了一种 trace测试方法、 ***、 装置及设备。 图 2为本发明实施例提供的 trace测试的过程示意图, 如图 2所示, 该 过程包括以下步驟:
S201 : 接收第六版互联网协议(IPv6 )跟踪路由(trace )报文, 其中该 trace报文的报文头中携带生存时间 TTL值为 N, 并且该 trace报文中还携 带有逐跳选项中的 TTL值为 M, 其中 , N为源主机与目的主机之间相隔设 备的数量, M为不小于 1的整数。
S202: 判断该 trace报文的目的地址是否为本地地址, 当确定该 trace 报文的目的地址非本地地址时, 进行步驟 S203 , 否则, 进行步驟 S207。
另夕卜, 在本发明实施例中, 当源主机发送 trace报文时, 将该报文中携 带的逐跳选项中的 TTL值设置为 1。 当然将逐跳选项中 TTL的初始值设置 为其他整数值也是可以的, 只要后续中间路由器以及目的主机知道如何根 据该逐跳选项中的 TTL值, 判断是否继续发送该 trace报文即可。
S203: 拷贝该 trace报文, 并将原始 trace报文中的逐跳选项中的 TTL 值加 1后转发。
在本发明中为了实现发送一个 trace报文, 将条跳链路上的每个设备都 进行 trace测试, 当每个设备 (中间路由器或目的主机 )接收到该 trace报文 时,拷贝该 trace报文,针对该拷贝的 trace报文判断是否向源主机返回 TTL 超时报文。 而对于原始的 trace报文进行转发处理。
S204:判断加 1后的该逐跳选项中的 TTL值是否大于 trace报文的报文 头中携带的 TTL值, 当判断结果为是时, 进行步驟 S205 , 否则, 进行步驟 S206。
该 trace报文每被转发一次 , 对其携带的逐跳选项中的 TTL值进行更 新,根据更新后的 trace报文中携带的逐跳选项中的 TTL值, 判断向源主机 发送 TTL超时艮文。
S205: 停止转发该报文。 S206: 将拷贝的该 trace报文中的 TTL值修改为 1并在转发时,将拷贝 的该 trace报文中的 TTL值减 1 , 其 TTL值减 1后变为 0, 之后, 按照协议 规定向源主机发送 TTL超时报文。
S207: 向源主机发送端口不可达报文。
在本发明实施例中为了对中间路由器以及目的主机进行测试, 源主机 在发送 trace报文后,记录发送该 trace报文的时间点,根据所述发送时刻及 接收到每个差错报文的时刻, 判断源主机及目的主机之间的设备是否出现 故障。 其中该差错报文包括 TTL超时报文和端口不可达报文。
具体的, 在本发明实施例中根据所述发送时刻及接收到每个差错报文 根据所述发送时刻及该源主机及目的主机之间每一跳发送 TTL超时报 文的平均时间 t, 确定接收到每一跳 TTL超时报文的时间;
根据每一跳 TTL超时报文的时间之前 ,是否接收到该跳返回的 TTL超 时报文, 判断该跳是否可达。
在本发明实施例中为了节省带宽, 源主机发送的 trace报文, 为利用了 第六版互联网协议 ( IPv6 )逐跳选项报文头, 该报文在传输的过程中在其经 过的每个设备处, 都对该报文进行检测。 在该 IPv6基础协议栈中, 该逐跳 选项报文头的格式如图 3所示, 逐条选项报文头中前 8位是下一报文头的 信息, 已标识紧跟在逐跳选项报文头后面的下一个报文头的类型, 扩展报 头长度以 8个 8位组为单位, 不包括前 8个 8位组在内的逐跳选项报文头 的长度, 之后为选项。
图 4为图 3中逐跳选项 4艮文头中选项的格式, 该选项中包括选项类型、 选项长度以及选项数据, 在该选项 中 包含一个或多个 TLV ( Type-Length- Value )编码的选项, 该部分的长度是可变的, 但要保证能够 使整个的逐跳选项报文头的长度为 8个 8位组的整数倍。 另外, 在本发明 实施例中还定义了一个逐跳选项报文头的选项类型为 TTL选项, 用于指示 在第几个下一跳返回 TTL超时差错报文, 该选项类型的长度定义为 1个字
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图 5 为本发明实施例提供的 trace测试的原理示意图, 源主机在发送 trace报文时,在该 IPv6 Trace报文的报文头中携带 TTL值为 N(例如为 4 ), 以标识其可以测试的最大跳数, 即最大支持 N跳的测试, 同时该 Trace报 文中的逐跳选项中携带 TTL选项数据, 该逐跳选项中的 TTL指定为 1 , 表 示在第一个下一跳返回 TTL超时报文。 源主机构造完成该 Trace报文后, 将该 Trace报文发送出去, 并记录该 Trace报文的发送时刻。
当第一跳路由器 R1接收到该 trace报文后, 采用 IPv6协议对该报文进 行解析, 根据该 trace报文的目的地址, 判断需要对该报文进行转发处理, 并且由于该报文中携带有逐跳选项,确定该报文为 trace报文,需要进行 trace 处理。
第一跳路由器 R1先把 trace报文拷贝一份, 并将原始 trace报文中的逐 跳选项中的 TTL的值加 1 , 此时该逐跳选项中的 TTL值变为 2。 判断 2不 大于 4, 将拷贝的 trace报文中报文头中的 TTL值修改为 1 , 之后进行报文 转发的过程, 转发的时候将该 trace报文中报文头中的 TTL值减 1后为 0, 则此时第一跳路由器 R1发送 TTL超时报文。
对于第二跳路由器 R2接收到该 trace报文后, 采用 IPv6协议对该报文 进行解析, 判断需要对该报文进行转发处理, 并且由于该报文中携带有逐 跳选项, 确定该报文为 trace报文, 需要进行 trace处理。
第二跳路由器 R2先把 trace报文拷贝一份, 并将原始 trace报文中的逐 跳选项中的 TTL的值加 1 , 此时该逐跳选项中的 TTL值变为 3。 判断 3不 大于 4, 将拷贝的 trace报文中报文头中的 TTL值修改为 1 , 之后进行报文 转发的过程, 转发的时候将该 trace报文中报文头中的 TTL值减 1后为 0, 则此时第二跳路由器 R2发送 TTL超时报文。
针对该第三跳路由器 R3, 其继续上述与第一跳路由器及第二跳路由器 相同的操作,将 trace报文发送到目的主机后。 目的主机对该报文进行解析, 判断需要对该报文进行本地处理, 因为找不到端口号, 向源主机发送端口 不可达报文。
由于每一跳路由器都会向源主机发送 TTL超时报文, 因此源主机接收 到的每个 TTL超时报文中在其逐跳选项中都包含有 TTL值, 并且包含源 IPv6地址, 因此源主机会将接收到的 TTL超时报文中的 TTL值,及源 IPv6 地址以及每个 TTL超时报文的接收时间记录下来。
具体的, 向第一跳路由器的往返时间为收到第一跳路由器返回 TTL超 时报文的时间和发送 trace报文的时间差值,记为 T1 ,相应的第二跳路由器 的往返时间为 T2, 其等于第二跳路由器返回 TTL超时报文的时间和发送 trace报文的时间差值, 依次类推, 可以确定每一跳的往返时间。
并且, 在源主机中设置有 trace报文的超时时间 t, 对于第一跳路由器 往返时间对应的超时 t, 第二跳对应的超时为 2t,相应的第 N跳对应的超时 为 Nt。 当在该超时时间内没有接收到相应跳的路由器返回的 TTL超时报文 时, 则确定该跳路由器不可达。 如果源主机接收到了目的地址目的主机返 回的端口不可达报文, 则 Trace测试过程结束。如果源主机一直没有收到目 的地址的目的主机返回的端口不可达报文,直到达到最大超时时间 (超时时 间 *最大探测 TTL值), 则确定源主机与目的主机之间的设备出现故障。
图 6为本发明实施例提供的一种跟踪路由测试装置结构示意图, 所述 装置包括:
接收判断模块 61 , 用于接收第六版互联网协议 IPv6跟踪路由 trace报 文,判断该 trace报文的目的地址是否为本地地址,其中该 trace报文的报文 头中携带生存时间 TTL值为 N,并且该 trace报文中还携带有逐跳选项中的 TTL值为 M, N为源主机与目的主机之间相隔设备的数量, M为不小于 1 的整数;
拷贝更新模块 62, 用于当确定该 trace报文的目的地址非本地地址时, 拷贝该 trace报文, 并将原始 trace报文中的逐跳选项中的 TTL值加 1后转 发;判断加 1后的该逐跳选项中的 TTL值是否大于 trace报文的报文头中携 带 TTL值;
第一发送模块 63 , 用于当逐跳选项中的 TTL值不大于 trace报文的报 文头中携带 TTL值时, 将拷贝的该 trace报文中的 TTL值修改为 1并继续 转发, 报文转发过程中对报文头的 TTL进行减 1操作, 对于拷贝的 trace 报文,其 TTL值减 1后变为 0,按照协议规定向源主机发送 TTL超时报文; 当逐跳选项中的 TTL值大于 trace报文的报文头中携带 TTL值时, 停止报 文转发;
第二发送模块 64, 用于当确定该 trace 4艮文的目的地址为本地地址时, 向源主机发送端口不可达 4艮文。
所述接收判断模块 61 ,具体用于接收 trace报文的中携带的逐跳选项中 的 TTL值的初始值为 1。
本发明实施例提供一种网络设备, 该网络设备包括上述图 6所述的装 置。
图 7 为本发明实施例提供的一种跟踪路由测试***结构示意图, 所述 ***包括: 上述网络设备 71 , 及与该网络设备进行通信的源主机 72;
源主机 72, 用于发送第六版互联网协议 IPv6跟踪路由 trace报文, 其 中该 trace报文的报文头中携带生存时间 TTL值为 N , 并且该 trace报文中 还携带有逐跳选项中的 TTL值为 M, N为源主机与目的主机之间相隔设备 的数量, M为不小于 1的整数; 并接收 TTL超时报文及端口不可达报文。
所述源主机 72, 还用于记录发送所述 trace报文的发送时刻; 根据所述 发送时刻及接收到每个差错报文的时刻 , 判断源主机及目的主机之间的设 备是否出现故障, 其中差错报文包括: TTL超时报文和端口不可达报文。
所述源主机 72, 具体用于根据所述发送时刻及该源主机及目的主机之 间每一跳发送 TTL超时报文的平均时间 t, 确定接收到每一跳 TTL超时报 文的时间; 根据每一跳 TTL超时报文的时间之前 , 是否接收到该跳返回的 TTL超时才艮文, 判断该跳是否可达。
本发明实施例提供一种跟踪路由测试方法、 ***、 装置及设备, 该测 试方法包括: 接收报文头中携带有 TTL值为 N的 trace报文, 其中 N为源 主机与目的主机之间相隔设备的数量, 非本地处理报文时, 对该报文进行 拷贝, 并将原始 trace报文中的逐跳选项中的 TTL值加 1后转发, 并在逐跳 选项中的 TTL值不大于 trace报文的报文头中携带 TTL值时, 向源主机发 送 TTL超时报文, 否则, 停止转发该报文。 并在该报文为本地处理报文时, 因为找不到端口号, 向源主机发送端口不可达报文。 由于在本发明中在进 行 trace测试时, 只发送一个 trace报文, 根据对 trace报文的拷贝, 修改完 成 trace测试, 从而节省了发送的报文数量, 有效的减轻了带宽的压力。
上述说明示出并描述了本发明的一个优选实施例, 但如前所述, 应当 理解本发明并非局限于本文所披露的形式, 不应看作是对其他实施例的排 除, 而可用于各种其他组合、 修改和环境, 并能够在本文所述发明构想范 围内, 通过上述教导或相关领域的技术或知识进行改动。 而本领域人员所 进行的改动和变化不脱离本发明的精神和范围, 则都应在本发明所附权利 要求的保护范围内。

Claims

权利要求书
1、 一种跟踪路由测试方法, 其中, 该方法包括:
接收第六版互联网协议 IPv6跟踪路由 trace报文, 判断该 trace报文的 目的地址是否为本地地址, 其中该 trace报文的报文头中携带生存时间 TTL 值为 N,并且该 trace报文中还携带有逐跳选项中的 TTL值为 M, N为测试 的最大跳数, M为不小于 1的整数;
当确定该 trace报文的目的地址非本地地址时,拷贝该 trace报文,并将 原始 trace报文中的逐跳选项中的 TTL值力 p 1后转发;判断加 1后的该逐跳 选项中的 TTL值是否大于 trace报文的报文头中携带 TTL值; 当逐跳选项 中的 TTL值不大于 trace报文的报文头中携带 TTL值时, 将拷贝的该 trace 报文中报文头的 TTL值修改为 1并继续转发,报文转发过程中报文头的 TTL 值进行减 1操作, 对于该拷贝的 trace报文, 其 TTL值减 1后变成 0, 向源 主机发送 TTL超时报文; 当逐跳选项中的 TTL值大于 trace报文的报文头 中携带 TTL值时, 停止转发报文;
当确定该 trace 4艮文的目的地址为本地地址时, 向源主机发送端口不可 达报文。
2、 如权利要求 1所述的方法, 其中, 所述 trace报文中携带的逐跳选 项中的 TTL值的初始值为 1。
3、 如权利要求 1所述的方法, 其中, 该方法还包括:
源主机记录发送所述 trace 艮文的发送时刻;
根据所述发送时刻及接收到每个差错报文的时刻, 判断源主机及目的 主机之间的设备是否出现故障, 其中该差错报文包括: TTL超时报文和端 口不可达报文。
4、 如权利要求 3所述的方法, 其中, 所述根据所述发送时刻及接收到 根据所述发送时刻及该源主机及目的主机之间每一跳发送 TTL超时报 文的平均时间 t, 确定接收到每一跳 TTL超时报文的时间;
根据接收到每一跳 TTL超时报文的时间之前, 是否接收到该跳返回的 TTL超时才艮文, 判断该跳是否可达。
5、 一种跟踪路由测试装置, 其中, 该装置包括:
接收判断模块, 用于接收第六版互联网协议 IPv6跟踪路由 trace报文, 判断该 trace报文的目的地址是否为本地地址,其中该 trace报文的报文头中 携带生存时间 TTL值为 N,并且该 trace报文中还携带有逐跳选项中的 TTL 值为 M, N为源主机与目的主机之间相隔设备的数量, M为不小于 1的整 数;
拷贝更新模块, 用于当确定该 trace报文的目的地址非本地地址时, 拷 贝该 trace报文,并将原始 trace报文中的逐跳选项中的 TTL值加 1后转发; 判断加 1后的该逐跳选项中的 TTL值是否大于 trace报文的报文头中携带 TTL值;
第一发送模块,用于当逐跳选项中的 TTL值不大于 trace报文的报文头 中携带 TTL值时,将拷贝的该 trace报文中的 TTL值修改为 1并继续转发, 报文转发过程中对报文头的 TTL进行减 1操作, 对于拷贝的 trace报文, 其 TTL值减 1后变为 0,向源主机发送 TTL超时报文;当逐跳选项中的 TTL 值大于 trace报文的报文头中携带 TTL值时, 停止报文转发;
第二发送模块, 用于当确定该 trace 4艮文的目的地址为本地地址时, 向 源主机发送端口不可达报文。
6、 如权利要求 5所述的装置, 其中, 所述接收判断模块, 具体用于接 收 trace报文中携带的逐跳选项中的 TTL值的初始值为 1。
7、 一种网络设备, 其中, 所述网络设备包括上述权利要求 5~6任一所 述的装置。
8、 一种跟踪路由测试***, 所述***包括: 上述权利要求 7所述的网 络设备, 及与该网络设备进行通信的源主机;
源主机,用于发送第六版互联网协议 IPv6跟踪路由 trace报文,其中该 trace报文的报文头中携带生存时间 TTL值为 N, 并且该 trace报文中还携 带有逐跳选项中的 TTL值为 M, N为源主机与目的主机之间相隔设备的数 量, M为不小于 1的整数; 并接收 TTL超时报文及端口不可达报文。
9、 如权利要求 8所述的***, 其中, 所述源主机, 还用于记录发送所 述 trace报文的发送时刻;根据所述发送时刻及接收到每个差错报文的时刻, 超时 文和端口不可达艮文。
10、 如权利要求 9所述的***, 其中, 所述源主机, 具体用于根据所 述发送时刻及该源主机及目的主机之间每一跳发送 TTL超时报文的平均时 间 t, 确定接收到每一跳 TTL超时报文的时间; 根据每一跳 TTL超时报文 的时间之前, 是否接收到该跳返回的 TTL超时报文, 判断该跳是否可达。
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