WO2013031125A1 - Energy storage system - Google Patents

Energy storage system Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2013031125A1
WO2013031125A1 PCT/JP2012/005188 JP2012005188W WO2013031125A1 WO 2013031125 A1 WO2013031125 A1 WO 2013031125A1 JP 2012005188 W JP2012005188 W JP 2012005188W WO 2013031125 A1 WO2013031125 A1 WO 2013031125A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
switching element
power storage
unit
terminal
power
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/JP2012/005188
Other languages
French (fr)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
中尾　文昭
戸川　隆
Original Assignee
電動車両技術開発株式会社
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Filing date
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Application filed by 電動車両技術開発株式会社 filed Critical 電動車両技術開発株式会社
Publication of WO2013031125A1 publication Critical patent/WO2013031125A1/en

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/44—Methods for charging or discharging
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/48—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0013—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries acting upon several batteries simultaneously or sequentially
    • H02J7/0014—Circuits for equalisation of charge between batteries
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0013—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries acting upon several batteries simultaneously or sequentially
    • H02J7/0014—Circuits for equalisation of charge between batteries
    • H02J7/0016—Circuits for equalisation of charge between batteries using shunting, discharge or bypass circuits
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0029—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with safety or protection devices or circuits
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a power storage system.
  • Patent Document 1 Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2008-161029
  • Patent Document 2 Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2004-088878
  • Patent Document 3 Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2009-232660
  • an object of one aspect of the present invention is to provide a power storage system that can solve the above-described problems. This object is achieved by a combination of features described in the independent claims.
  • the dependent claims define further advantageous specific examples of the present invention.
  • a power storage system having a plurality of power storage modules connected in series and a pair of external terminals that electrically connect the plurality of power storage modules to the outside, the plurality of power storage modules Are electrically connected between the power storage unit, the first terminal electrically connected between one end of the power storage unit and one of the pair of external terminals, and the other end of the power storage unit and the other of the pair of external terminals.
  • Second terminal connected electrically, a first switching element electrically connecting one end of the power storage unit and the first terminal, and module control for controlling on / off operation of the first switching element
  • at least one of the plurality of power storage modules supplies power to a module control unit included in each of the plurality of power storage modules when power is supplied to the pair of external terminals. Power storage system with is provided.
  • the power storage system further includes a second switching element or connector that electrically connects the power supply unit and one of the pair of external terminals or between the power supply unit and the other of the pair of external terminals. You may be prepared.
  • the module control unit may supply a control signal for controlling an on / off operation of the first switching element to the first switching element, and the first switching element receives the control signal. It may be an element that is off when not being turned on and turned on when a control signal is received.
  • the power supply unit includes a transformer including a primary winding and a plurality of secondary windings, one end electrically connected to one or the other of the pair of external terminals, and the other end connected to the primary winding.
  • each of the plurality of secondary windings may be electrically connected to each of a plurality of module control units included in each of the plurality of power storage modules.
  • each of the plurality of secondary windings may include a first winding and a second winding connected in series.
  • One end of the first winding may be electrically connected to a first terminal of a corresponding power storage module among the plurality of power storage modules.
  • One end of the second winding may be electrically connected to the second terminal of the corresponding power storage module.
  • the other end of the first winding and the other end of the second winding may be electrically connected to a power input terminal of a module control unit included in the corresponding power storage module.
  • the power storage unit may include a plurality of power storage cells connected in series and a balance correction unit that equalizes the voltages of the plurality of power storage cells.
  • the module control unit may control the operation of the balance correction unit.
  • each of the plurality of power storage modules may further include a temperature control unit that is supplied with power from the power storage unit and controls the temperature of the power storage unit.
  • An example of the electrical storage system 100 is shown schematically.
  • An example of the electrical storage part 110 and the electric power supply part 150 is shown schematically.
  • An example of electric power supply part 350 is shown roughly.
  • An example of temperature control part 190 is shown roughly.
  • FIG. 1 schematically shows an example of a power storage system 100.
  • the power storage system 100 may be used as a power source for a transportation device such as an electric vehicle, a hybrid vehicle, an electric motorcycle, a railway vehicle, and an elevator, or an electric device such as a PC or a mobile phone.
  • the power storage system 100 may be used as a power storage device that is electrically connected to a power generation device such as solar power generation or wind power generation.
  • the power storage system 100 includes a master module 102, a slave module 104, an external terminal 106, an external terminal 107, and a switch element 108.
  • the power storage system 100 may include one or more slave modules 104.
  • the power storage system 100 may equalize the voltages of the master module 102 and the one or more slave modules 104 during operation.
  • the master module 102 includes a power storage unit 110, a terminal 122, a terminal 124, a switch element 130, a module control unit 140, a power supply unit 150, and a temperature control unit 190.
  • the module control unit 140 may have a power input terminal 126.
  • the power supply unit 150 may include a power distribution unit 152, a terminal 154, a terminal 162, a terminal 164, a terminal 172, and a terminal 174.
  • the slave module includes a power storage unit 110, a terminal 122, a terminal 124, a power input terminal 126, a switch element 130, a module control unit 140, and a temperature control unit 190.
  • the master module 102 and the slave module 104 are connected in series.
  • the master module 102 is electrically connected to the external terminal 106
  • the slave module 104 is electrically connected to the external terminal 107.
  • the master module 102 and the slave module 104 may be an example of a power storage module.
  • “Electrically connected” is not limited to a case where a certain element is directly connected to another element.
  • a third element may be interposed between one element and another element.
  • it is not limited to when a certain element and another element are physically connected.
  • the input winding and output winding of the transformer are not physically connected, but are electrically connected.
  • “connected in series” indicates that an element and another element are electrically connected in series.
  • the “terminal” includes not only a physical terminal but also a connection portion between an element and another element.
  • External terminal 106 and external terminal 107 electrically connect master module 102 and slave module 104 to the outside.
  • the switch element 108 electrically connects the power supply unit 150 and the external terminal 106 or the external terminal 107.
  • the switch element 108 may be a transistor such as a MOSFET or a relay.
  • a connector may be used instead of the switch element 108.
  • the switch element 108 may be an example of a second switching element or a connector.
  • the power storage unit 110 is electrically connected to a charging device (not shown) outside the power storage system 100 and stores electrical energy.
  • the power storage unit 110 is electrically connected to an external load (not shown) and supplies power to the load.
  • Power storage unit 110 is electrically connected to another power storage unit 110 via terminal 122 and terminal 124.
  • Terminal 124 is electrically connected between one end of power storage unit 110 and external terminal 107.
  • the terminal 124 may be an example of a first terminal.
  • Terminal 122 is electrically connected between the other end of power storage unit 110 and external terminal 106.
  • the terminal 122 may be an example of a second terminal.
  • Switch element 130 electrically connects one end of power storage unit 110 and terminal 124.
  • the switch element 130 switches between an on state and an off state based on a control signal ⁇ 12 from the module control unit 140.
  • the switch element 130 may be turned off when the control signal ⁇ 12 is not received, and may be turned on when the control signal ⁇ 12 is received.
  • the switch element 130 may be a transistor such as a MOSFET or a relay.
  • the switch element 130 may be an example of a first switching element.
  • the module control unit 140 controls the on / off operation of the switch element 130.
  • the module control unit 140 may generate a control signal ⁇ 12 for controlling the on / off operation of the switch element 130 and supply the control signal ⁇ 12 to the switch element 130.
  • the module control unit 140 may operate using a voltage between a reference voltage terminal (not shown) electrically connected to the terminal 122 and the power input terminal 126 as a driving voltage.
  • the module control unit 140 may be a pulse modulator such as a pulse width modulator.
  • the module control unit 140 is supplied with power from the power supply unit 150. Therefore, the control signal ⁇ 12 is not supplied from the module control unit 140 to the switch element 130 when no power is supplied from the power supply unit 150. Thereby, even if the terminal 122 and the terminal 124 are short-circuited during the assembly of the power storage system 100, no current flows between the terminal 122 and the terminal 124. As a result, the power storage system 100 can be assembled safely.
  • the power supply unit 150 is connected to each of the master module 102 and the slave module 104. Power is supplied to the module control unit 140 included in the.
  • the power distribution unit 152 generates power when the external terminal 106 and the external terminal 107 are electrically connected to an external charging device.
  • the power distribution unit 152 supplies the generated power to the module control unit 140 included in each of the master module 102 and the slave module 104.
  • the power distribution unit 152 is electrically connected to the reference voltage terminal of the module control unit 140 of the slave module 104 via the terminal 162 or the terminal 172 and the terminal 122 of the slave module 104.
  • the power distribution unit 152 is electrically connected to the power input terminal 126 of the module control unit 140 of the slave module 104 via the terminal 164 or the terminal 174.
  • the power distribution unit 152 is electrically connected to the master module 102 in the same manner.
  • One end of the power distribution unit 152 is electrically connected to the external terminal 107 via the switch element 108. At least one of the other ends of the power distribution unit 152 may be electrically connected to the external terminal 106.
  • the power distribution unit 152 is electrically connected to the external terminal 107 via the terminal 154 of the power supply unit 150 and the switch element 108. Thereby, when the switch element 108 is in the OFF state, even if power is supplied to the external terminal 106 and the external terminal 107, the power distribution unit 152 does not generate power.
  • one end of the power distribution unit 152 may be electrically connected to the external terminal 107, and at least one of the other ends may be electrically connected to the external terminal 106 via the switch element 108.
  • the master module 102 and the slave module 104 are connected in series, and then the switch element 108 is turned on, and then power is supplied to the external terminal 106 and the external terminal 107. Otherwise, the switch element 130 is not turned on. Therefore, the power storage system 100 can be assembled more safely.
  • the temperature control unit 190 controls the temperature of the power storage unit 110 of the master module 102 or the slave module 104.
  • the temperature control unit 190 may be disposed in each of the master module 102 and the slave module 104.
  • Each temperature control unit 190 may independently control the temperature of the corresponding power storage unit 110.
  • Each temperature control unit 190 may be supplied with power from the corresponding power storage unit 110.
  • FIG. 2 schematically shows an example of the power storage unit 110 and the power supply unit 150.
  • FIG. 2 shows other elements of the master module 102 as well as the power storage unit 110 and the power supply unit 150.
  • FIG. 2 shows a case where the power supply unit 150 is arranged inside the housing 280 together with other elements as an example of the master module 102.
  • the master module 102 is not limited to this.
  • the power supply unit 150 and other elements may be arranged in different cases.
  • the power storage unit 110 includes a power storage cell 210 and a balance correction unit 220.
  • the power storage unit 110 may include a plurality of power storage cells 210 connected in series.
  • the storage cell 210 may be a secondary battery or a capacitor.
  • As the secondary battery a lithium ion battery, a nickel metal hydride battery, a nickel cadmium battery, a lead storage battery, or the like may be used.
  • the storage cell 210 may further include a plurality of secondary batteries or capacitors.
  • the storage cell 210 may be an assembled battery in which a plurality of secondary batteries or capacitors are connected in parallel.
  • the balance correction unit 220 equalizes the voltages of the plurality of power storage cells 210.
  • the operation principle and configuration of the balance correction unit 220 are not particularly limited. For example, as described in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2004-088878, a plurality of secondary cells corresponding to each of the plurality of power storage cells 210 are provided. Using a transformer having a winding and a switching element that forms a switching circuit for switching the voltage of a plurality of power storage units 110 connected in series and energizing the primary winding of the transformer, The voltage may be equalized. As the switching element, an element that is turned off when a control signal is not received may be used.
  • each of the secondary windings of the transformer is configured to charge and supply the induced output power to the corresponding power storage unit 110.
  • the switching element is turned on / off to generate a pulse current in the primary winding of the transformer, whereby the voltage of the power storage units 110 connected in series is redistributed to the plurality of power storage cells 210, and the power storage unit 110 The voltage between them is equalized.
  • balance correction unit 220 examples include an inductor having one end connected to an intermediate connection point of two storage cells 210 connected in series, as described in, for example, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2009-232660.
  • the voltage of the plurality of power storage cells 210 may be equalized using a switching element that is interposed between them to form a switching circuit.
  • the switching element an element that is turned off when a control signal is not received may be used.
  • one balance correction circuit is arranged for two storage cells 210 connected in series.
  • the balance correction unit 220 includes three balance correction circuits. By alternately turning on and off the two switching elements, the voltage between the two storage cells 210 connected in series is equalized.
  • the balance correction unit 220 may control the on / off operation of the switching elements forming the open / close circuit based on the control signal ⁇ 22 from the module control unit 140.
  • the module control unit 140 may be a pulse width modulator, and may control the on / off operation of the switching element by controlling the pulse period and the pulse width.
  • the module control unit 140 controls the operation of the balance correction unit 220. Therefore, balance correction is not performed in a state where power is not supplied to the module control unit 140. Thereby, for example, power consumption during storage can be reduced.
  • the power distribution unit 152 includes a transformer 230, a switching element 270, and a power supply control unit 272.
  • the transformer 230 includes a primary winding 232, a secondary winding 242, a diode 244, a capacitor 246, a secondary winding 252, a diode 254, a capacitor 256, a secondary winding 262, a diode 264, Capacitor 266.
  • the power distribution unit 152 includes a secondary winding 242, a secondary winding 252 and a secondary winding 262 will be described.
  • the number of secondary windings is not limited to this. Depending on the number of master modules 102 and slave modules 104 included in the power storage system 100, the number of secondary windings may be increased or decreased.
  • the primary winding 232 is electrically connected between the external terminal 106 and the external terminal 107 via the switch element 108 and the switching element 270.
  • the power supply unit 150 Electric power is supplied to each of the module control units 140.
  • the secondary winding 242 is electrically connected to a module control unit 140 (may be referred to as a corresponding module control unit 140) included in the master module 102.
  • a module control unit 140 may be referred to as a corresponding module control unit 140 included in the master module 102.
  • One end of the secondary winding 242 is electrically connected to the power input terminal 126 of the corresponding module control unit 140.
  • the other end of the secondary winding 242 is electrically connected to the reference voltage terminal of the corresponding module control unit 140.
  • One end of the diode 244 is electrically connected to one end of the secondary winding 242, and the other end is electrically connected to the power input terminal 126 of the corresponding module control unit 140.
  • the diode 244 is arranged in such a direction that current flows from one end of the secondary winding 242 toward the power input terminal 126 of the module control unit 140.
  • One end of the capacitor 246 is electrically connected to the other end of the diode 244 and the power input terminal 126 of the corresponding module controller 140, and the other end is electrically connected to the reference voltage terminal of the corresponding module controller 140.
  • the diode 244 and the capacitor 246 rectify the output power induced in the secondary winding 242 and supply the power to the power input terminal 126 of the module control unit 140.
  • the secondary winding 252 and the secondary winding 262 are each electrically connected to a module control unit 140 (sometimes referred to as a corresponding module control unit 140) included in the corresponding slave module 104.
  • the diode 254 and the capacitor 256 rectify the output power induced in the secondary winding 252 and supply power to the power input terminal 126 of the corresponding module control unit 140.
  • the diode 264 and the capacitor 266 rectify the output power induced in the secondary winding 262 and supply power to the power input terminal 126 of the corresponding module control unit 140.
  • the switching element 270 is interposed between one of the external terminal 106 and the external terminal 107 and the primary winding 232 to form a switching circuit.
  • one end of the switching element 270 is electrically connected to the external terminal 106 via the terminal 122.
  • the other end of the switching element 270 is electrically connected to one end of the primary winding 232.
  • the switching element 270 When the switching element 270 repeats the on / off operation, a pulse current is generated in the primary winding 232 of the transformer 230. As a result, an output current is induced in each of the secondary winding 242, the secondary winding 252 and the secondary winding 262.
  • the switching element 270 may switch between the on state and the off state based on the control signal ⁇ 24 from the power supply control unit 272.
  • the switching element 270 is not particularly limited, but may be an element that is in an off state when the control signal ⁇ 24 is not received and that is turned on when the control signal ⁇ 24 is received.
  • the switching element 270 may be a transistor such as a MOSFET or a relay.
  • the switching element 270 may be an example of a third switching element.
  • the power supply control unit 272 controls the on / off operation of the switching element 270.
  • the power supply control unit 272 may be a pulse modulator such as a pulse width modulator. Thereby, a pulse current can be generated in the primary winding 232 of the transformer 230. As a result, an output current is induced in each of the secondary winding 242, the secondary winding 252 and the secondary winding 262, and power is supplied to each of the corresponding module control units 140.
  • the power supply of the power supply control unit 272 may be supplied from the outside.
  • the power supply control unit 272 may measure the induced output current and control the on / off operation of the switching element 270 based on the measurement result.
  • the power supply control unit 272 may further include a secondary winding disposed in the transformer 230 and measure an output current induced in the secondary winding.
  • FIG. 3 schematically shows an example of the power supply unit 350.
  • FIG. 3 shows the module controller 140 and the terminal 122 of the master module 102, the power input terminal 126, and the external terminal 106 together with the power supply unit 150.
  • the power supply unit 350 is different from the power supply unit 150 in that the secondary winding corresponding to each of the master module 102 and the slave module 104 includes a plurality of secondary windings.
  • the plurality of secondary windings are connected in series, and both ends of the secondary windings connected in series are electrically connected to both ends of the power storage unit 110 of the corresponding power storage module, respectively. Is done.
  • the power storage system 100 can equalize the voltage between the master module 102 and the slave module 104 when the voltage varies between the master module 102 and the slave module 104.
  • each of the master module 102 and the slave module 104 has a temperature control unit 190 to which power is supplied from each power storage unit 110. Since the heat radiation characteristics of the master module 102 and the slave module 104 differ depending on the positions where they are arranged, the remaining battery power of the master module 102 and the slave module 104 is not uniform, and the voltage tends to vary.
  • the master module 102 or the slave module 104 arranged on the side close to the outside of the power storage system 100 is more influenced by the outside air than the master module 102 or the slave module 104 arranged on the side far from the outside of the power storage system 100. It is easy to receive.
  • the master module 102 or the slave module 104 arranged on the side far from the outside of the power storage system 100 releases heat to the outside as compared with the master module 102 or the slave module 104 arranged on the side near the outside of the power storage system 100. Hard to do.
  • the power supply unit 350 is preferably used in such a case.
  • the power supply unit 350 includes a power distribution unit 351, a terminal 154, a terminal 162, a terminal 164, a terminal 172, a terminal 174, a terminal 348, a terminal 358, and a terminal 368.
  • the terminal 348 is electrically connected to the terminal 124 of the master module 102.
  • Terminal 358 and terminal 368 are each electrically connected to terminal 124 of corresponding slave module 104.
  • Each of terminal 348, terminal 358, and terminal 368 may be electrically connected to an intermediate connection point between terminal 124 and switch element 130 of the corresponding power storage module.
  • the power distribution unit 351 includes a transformer 330, a switching element 270, and a power supply control unit 272.
  • a transformer 330 may have the same configuration as the transformer 230.
  • the transformer 330 includes a primary winding 232.
  • Transformer 330 includes secondary winding 242 and secondary winding 342, diode 244 and diode 344, capacitor 246 and capacitor 346.
  • Transformer 330 includes a secondary winding 252 and a secondary winding 352, a diode 254 and a diode 354, a capacitor 256 and a capacitor 356.
  • Transformer 330 includes a secondary winding 262 and a secondary winding 362, a diode 264 and a diode 364, and a capacitor 266 and a capacitor 366.
  • the secondary winding 242, the secondary winding 252 and the secondary winding 262 may be an example of a second winding.
  • the secondary winding 342, the secondary winding 352, and the secondary winding 362 may be an example of a first winding.
  • the secondary winding 342 is connected in series with the secondary winding 242.
  • One end of the secondary winding 242 is electrically connected to the terminal 122 of the master module 102.
  • One end of the secondary winding 342 is electrically connected to the terminal 124 of the master module 102.
  • the other end of the secondary winding 242 and the other end of the secondary winding 342 are electrically connected to the power input terminal 126 of the module control unit 140 included in the master module 102.
  • the diode 344 has one end electrically connected to one end of the secondary winding 342 and the other end electrically connected to the terminal 348.
  • the diode 344 is arranged in a direction in which a current flows from one end of the secondary winding 342 toward the terminal 348.
  • Capacitor 346 has one end electrically connected to the other end of diode 344 and terminal 348, and the other end electrically connected to one end of secondary winding 242.
  • the secondary winding 352 is connected in series with the secondary winding 252.
  • One end of the secondary winding 252 is electrically connected to the terminal 122 of the corresponding slave module 104.
  • One end of the secondary winding 352 is electrically connected to the terminal 124 of the corresponding slave module 104.
  • the other end of the secondary winding 252 and the other end of the secondary winding 352 are electrically connected to the power input terminal 126 of the module control unit 140 included in the corresponding slave module 104.
  • the diode 354 has one end electrically connected to one end of the secondary winding 352 and the other end electrically connected to the terminal 358.
  • the diode 354 is arranged in a direction in which current flows from one end of the secondary winding 352 toward the terminal 358.
  • Capacitor 356 has one end electrically connected to the other end of diode 354 and terminal 358, and the other end electrically connected to one end of secondary winding 252.
  • the secondary winding 362 is connected in series with the secondary winding 262.
  • One end of the secondary winding 262 is electrically connected to the terminal 122 of the corresponding slave module 104.
  • One end of the secondary winding 362 is electrically connected to the terminal 124 of the corresponding slave module 104.
  • the other end of the secondary winding 262 and the other end of the secondary winding 362 are electrically connected to the power input terminal 126 of the module control unit 140 included in the corresponding slave module 104.
  • the diode 364 has one end electrically connected to one end of the secondary winding 362 and the other end electrically connected to the terminal 368.
  • the diode 364 is arranged in a direction in which a current flows from one end of the secondary winding 362 toward the terminal 368.
  • Capacitor 366 has one end electrically connected to the other end of diode 364 and terminal 368, and the other end electrically connected to one end of secondary winding 262.
  • each of the two secondary windings connected in series charges and supplies the output power induced by the switching operation of the switching element 270 to the corresponding power storage unit 110.
  • the voltages of the plurality of power storage units 110 connected in series can be redistributed between each of the plurality of power storage units 110, and the voltages are evenly distributed between the master module 102 and one or more slave modules 104.
  • the transformer 330 can be used to supply power to the module control unit 140 and equalize the voltage.
  • the power storage system 100 may equalize the voltage between the master module 102 and the one or more slave modules 104 by other methods.
  • FIG. 4 schematically shows an example of the temperature control unit 190.
  • FIG. 4 shows the temperature control unit 190 together with the power storage unit 110 for the purpose of simplifying the explanation.
  • the temperature control unit 190 includes a Peltier element 40 and a current control unit 400 that adjusts at least one of the magnitude and direction of the current supplied to the Peltier element 40.
  • the current control unit 400 includes a drive unit 402, a drive unit 404, and a drive control unit 406.
  • the temperature control unit 190 controls the temperature of the power storage unit 110 using the Peltier element 40.
  • the temperature control unit 190 is not limited to this.
  • the temperature of the power storage unit 110 may be adjusted using a resistor instead of the Peltier element 40.
  • the drive unit 402 and the drive unit 404 are controlled by the same drive control unit 406 will be described.
  • the drive unit 402 and the drive unit 404 are not limited to this.
  • the drive unit 402 and the drive unit 404 may each include a drive control unit 406.
  • the drive unit 404 may have the same configuration as the drive unit 402.
  • the control signal ⁇ 44 of the drive unit 404 corresponds to the control signal ⁇ 42 of the drive unit 402.
  • Control signal ⁇ 471, control signal ⁇ 472, and control signal ⁇ 473 of drive unit 404 correspond to control signal ⁇ 461, control signal ⁇ 462, and control signal ⁇ 463 of drive unit 402, respectively.
  • the drive unit 402 and the drive unit 404 constitute an H bridge circuit that drives the Peltier element 40.
  • Each of the drive unit 402 and the drive unit 404 includes a switching element 410, a switching element 420, a switching element 430, and a voltage supply unit 440.
  • Each of the switching element 410, the switching element 420, and the switching element 430 may include an input terminal 412, an input terminal 422, and an input terminal 432 to which a control signal supplied from the drive control unit 406 is input.
  • the voltage supply unit 440 may include a capacitor 442, a diode 443, a diode 444, a resistor 445, and a resistor 446.
  • One end of the switching element 410 is electrically connected to one end of the Peltier element 40.
  • the other end of the switching element 410 is electrically connected to one end of the power storage unit 110 that drives the Peltier element 40.
  • a control signal ⁇ 461 is input to the input terminal 412 of the switching element 410.
  • the switching element 410 may switch between an on state and an off state based on the magnitude of the voltage input to the input terminal 412.
  • the switching element 410 may be a transistor such as a MOSFET.
  • the switching element 410 may switch between an on state and an off state according to at least the control signal ⁇ 463.
  • the switching element 410 switches between an on state and an off state in accordance with a control signal ⁇ 42 input to the input terminal 412.
  • Control signal ⁇ 42 changes according to control signal ⁇ 461, control signal ⁇ 462, and control signal ⁇ 463. For example, even if the control signal ⁇ 461 is an on signal, the control signal ⁇ 42 is an off signal when the switching element 430 is in an on state.
  • the switching element 420 when the switching element 420 is turned off, the source potential of 410 is increased, and even when the control signal ⁇ 461 is substantially turned off, the switching element 430 is in the off state, and the capacitor 442 is charged with sufficient charge. If the control signal ⁇ 42 has been set, the control signal ⁇ 42 becomes an ON signal.
  • the charging state of the capacitor 442 may be controlled by turning on the switching element 420 for a short period of time using the control signal ⁇ 461 and the control signal ⁇ 462 before the switching element 410 is turned on.
  • Switching element 420 has one end electrically connected to one end of Peltier element 40 and one end of switching element 410. The other end of the switching element 420 is electrically connected to the reference potential 408. The other end of switching element 420 is electrically connected to the other end of power storage unit 110.
  • a control signal ⁇ 462 is input to the input terminal 422 of the switching element 420.
  • the switching element 420 may switch between an on state and an off state based on the magnitude of the voltage input to the input terminal 422.
  • the switching element 420 may switch between an on state and an off state in accordance with a control signal ⁇ 462 input to the input terminal 422.
  • the switching element 420 may be a transistor such as a MOSFET.
  • the threshold voltage of the switching element 420 may be larger than the threshold voltage of the switching element 430. Thereby, for example, even when the control signals ⁇ 462 and ⁇ 463 are generated by the same control power supply and are supplied almost simultaneously, the switching element 430 performs the switching operation before the switching element 420. Can be implemented.
  • Switching element 430 has one end electrically connected to input terminal 412 of switching element 410 and one end of capacitor 442. The other end of the switching element 430 is electrically connected to the reference potential 408.
  • a control signal ⁇ 463 is input to the input terminal 432 of the switching element 430.
  • the switching element 430 may switch between an on state and an off state based on the magnitude of the voltage input to the input terminal 432.
  • the switching element 430 may switch between an on state and an off state in accordance with a control signal ⁇ 463 input to the input terminal 432.
  • the switching element 430 may be a transistor such as a MOSFET.
  • the switching element 430 When the switching element 430 is on, the input terminal 412 of the switching element 410 is electrically connected to the reference potential 408 through the resistor 446. Thereby, the switching element 410 is turned off. On the other hand, when the switching element 430 is in the off state, the voltage supplied from the drive control unit 406 and the voltage supply unit 440 is applied to the input terminal 412 of the switching element 410. When the voltage applied to the input terminal 412 becomes larger than the threshold voltage of the switching element 410, the switching element 410 is turned on.
  • the voltage supply unit 440 supplies a voltage to the input terminal 412 of the switching element 410.
  • the voltage supply unit 440 may supply a voltage to the input terminal 412 when the switching element 420 is in an off state.
  • the switching element 420 and the switching element 430 are switched from the on state to the off state while the control signal ⁇ 461 is being supplied, and the voltage is supplied from the voltage supply unit 440 to the input terminal 412.
  • One end of the capacitor 442 is electrically connected to the input terminal 412 of the switching element 410.
  • the other end of the capacitor 442 is electrically connected to one end of the switching element 410 and one end of the switching element 420.
  • the capacitor 442 is charged when the switching element 420 is on.
  • the switching element 420 is on, the other end of the capacitor 442 is electrically connected to the reference potential 408.
  • the capacitor 442 is charged with a charge corresponding to the difference between the voltage of the control signal ⁇ 461 and the reference potential 408.
  • the switching element 410 is controlled to be in an off state. Thereby, it is possible to prevent one end and the other end of power storage unit 110 from being short-circuited.
  • the capacitor 442 is controlled to supply a voltage corresponding to the charged electric charge to the input terminal 412 of the switching element 410 when the switching element 420 is in the OFF state.
  • the switching element 430 is in the on state while the control signal ⁇ 461 is being supplied, the switching element 420 is turned on for a short period of time, and then the switching element 420 and the switching element 430 in this order. Switched off. As a result, the voltage supplied from the capacitor 442 is applied to the input terminal 412 of the switching element 410.
  • the diode 443 is electrically connected between the drive control unit 406 and one end of the capacitor 442.
  • the diode 443 may be electrically connected between the control power supply 450 of the drive control unit 406 and one end of the capacitor 442.
  • the diode 443 is arranged in a direction in which a current flows from the drive control unit 406 to one end of the capacitor 442. Thus, when the switching element 430 is turned off, a voltage corresponding to the charge charged in the capacitor 442 is applied to the input terminal 412.
  • the switching element 410 when the switching element 410 is an FET, when the switching element 410 is turned on, the voltage of the source of the switching element 410 increases. Therefore, the voltage difference between the gate and the source becomes small, and the operation of the switching element 410 becomes unstable.
  • the diode 443 is disposed between the drive control unit 406 and the capacitor 442. When the switching element 410 is turned on, the switching element 420 and the switching element 430 are turned off. It is controlled to become.
  • the diode 444 is electrically connected between one end of the capacitor 442 and the intermediate connection point of the input terminal 412 and one end of the switching element 410.
  • the diode 444 is arranged in such a direction that current flows from one end of the switching element 410 to one end of the capacitor 442 and an intermediate connection point of the input terminal 412.
  • the resistor 445 is electrically connected between one end of the capacitor 442 and an intermediate connection point between the diode 444 and the input terminal 412.
  • the resistor 446 is electrically connected between the resistor 445 and an intermediate connection point between the diode 444 and the input terminal 412.
  • the resistor 445 and the resistor 446 may be connected in series between one end of the capacitor 442 and an intermediate connection point between the diode 444 and the input terminal 412.
  • An intermediate connection point between the resistor 445 and the resistor 446 may be electrically connected to one end of the switching element 430.
  • the drive control unit 406 controls the heating or cooling of the Peltier element 40 by controlling the operations of the drive unit 402 and the drive unit 404 based on the input signal ⁇ 46.
  • Input signal ⁇ 46 may be a signal indicating a difference between an instruction value of a thermometer arranged near power storage unit 110 and a target temperature.
  • the drive control unit 406 generates a control signal ⁇ 461, a control signal ⁇ 462, and a control signal ⁇ 463 and supplies them to the drive unit 402. Thereby, the drive control unit 406 controls the operation of the drive unit 402.
  • the drive control unit 406 generates a control signal ⁇ 471, a control signal ⁇ 472, and a control signal ⁇ 473, and supplies them to the drive unit 404. Thereby, the drive control unit 406 controls the operation of the drive unit 404.
  • a DC voltage is supplied as the control signal ⁇ 461 and the control signal ⁇ 471.
  • Control signal ⁇ 462 and control signal ⁇ 472 respectively control the on / off operation of corresponding switching element 420.
  • Control signal ⁇ 463 and control signal ⁇ 473 control the on / off operation of corresponding switching element 410 through corresponding switching element 430, respectively.
  • the drive control unit 406 may be a pulse modulator such as a pulse width modulator.
  • the drive control unit 406 may include a control power source 450 used for generating a control signal.
  • the power source for control 450 may be supplied with power from the power storage unit 110.
  • the drive control unit 406 of the present embodiment controls the drive unit 402 and the drive unit 404 to control the direction of current flowing through the Peltier element 40.
  • the switching element 420 of the driving unit 402 and the switching element 410 of the driving unit 404 are turned on, and the switching element 410 of the driving unit 402 and the switching element 420 of the driving unit 404 are turned off.
  • a current flows in the direction from to the other end (from the top to the bottom in the figure).
  • the switching element 410 of the driving unit 402 and the switching element 420 of the driving unit 404 are turned on, and the switching element 420 of the driving unit 402 and the switching element 410 of the driving unit 404 are turned off. Current flows in the direction from one end to the other (from the bottom to the top in the figure).
  • the drive control unit 406 of this embodiment causes the switching element 410 and the switching element 420 to alternately turn on and off.
  • the drive control unit 406 supplies the control signal ⁇ 462 and the control signal ⁇ 463 intermittently while always supplying the control signal ⁇ 461. Accordingly, the switching element 420 is turned on while the control signal ⁇ 462 is being supplied, and the switching element 410 is turned off while the control signal ⁇ 463 is being supplied.
  • the amount of charge stored in the capacitor 442 can be maintained larger than the amount of charge required to stably turn on the switching element 410. it can.
  • the drive control unit 406 switches the switching element 410 of the driving unit 404 and the switching element 420 of the driving unit 404 when the switching element 410 of the driving unit 402 is off and the switching element 420 of the driving unit 402 is on.
  • the on / off operation may be performed alternately.
  • a pulse current that flows in the direction from one end to the other end of the Peltier element 40 (from the top to the bottom in the figure) can be generated.
  • the drive control unit 406 can control the amount of heating or cooling of the Peltier element 40 by controlling the width and period of the pulse current.
  • the drive control unit 406 switches the switching element 410 of the driving unit 402 and the driving unit 402 when the switching element 410 of the driving unit 404 is off and the switching element 420 of the driving unit 404 is on.
  • the element 420 may be alternately turned on and off. Thereby, it is possible to generate a pulse current that flows in the direction from the other end of the Peltier element 40 to the one end (from the bottom to the top in the drawing).
  • the drive control unit 406 When starting the driving of the Peltier element 40, the drive control unit 406 first controls the switching element 410 and the switching element 420 so that the switching element 410 is in the off state and the switching element 420 is in the on state. Thereafter, the switching element 410 and the switching element 420 are alternately turned on and off. Thus, when driving of the Peltier element 40 is started, first, the capacitor 442 is charged. As a result, the driving of the Peltier element 40 can be started stably.
  • the drive control unit 406 performs the on / off operation of the switching element 410 and the switching element 420 alternately using the control signal ⁇ 461, the control signal ⁇ 462, and the control signal ⁇ 463 has been described.
  • the switching element 410 can be stably operated.
  • the method of controlling the switching element 410 and the switching element 420 by the drive control unit 406 is not limited to this.
  • the control signal ⁇ 461 and the control signal ⁇ 462 are used to switch the switching element 410 and the switching element 410.
  • the element 420 may be alternately turned on and off.
  • the drive control unit 406 of the present embodiment controls the switching element 410 and the switching element 420 so that both the switching element 410 and the switching element 420 are not turned on at the same time. This prevents a short circuit between one end and the other end of power storage unit 110.
  • the drive control unit 406 may prevent a short circuit more reliably by controlling the timing of starting and stopping the control signal ⁇ 461, the control signal ⁇ 462, and the control signal ⁇ 463.
  • the switching element 430 is not turned on at the moment when the control signal ⁇ 463 is supplied, but the switching element 430 is kept off until the voltage applied to the input terminal 432 becomes larger than the threshold voltage. . Therefore, when the control signal ⁇ 462 and the control signal ⁇ 463 are supplied simultaneously, depending on the characteristics of the switching element 420 and the switching element 430, the switching element 420 may be turned on before the switching element 410 is turned off.
  • the drive control unit 406 performs switching so that the switching element 420 is maintained in the OFF state until the voltage of the control signal ⁇ 463 becomes equal to or larger than the threshold voltage of the switching element 430.
  • Element 420 may be controlled.
  • the switching element 430 is controlled so that the switching element 430 is turned on before the voltage of the control signal ⁇ 462 becomes larger than the threshold voltage of the switching element 420. Good.
  • the drive control unit 406 includes a time from when the control signal ⁇ 462 is supplied until the switching element 420 is turned on, and a time after the control signal ⁇ 463 is supplied until the switching element 430 is turned on. Considering this, after supplying the control signal ⁇ 463, the control signal ⁇ 462 is supplied after a predetermined time has elapsed. Thereby, it can prevent that both the switching element 410 and the switching element 420 will be in an ON state.
  • the switching element 420 and the switching element 430 are turned off, or when the driving of the Peltier element 40 is stopped, if the control signal ⁇ 462 and the control signal ⁇ 463 are simultaneously stopped, the characteristics of the switching element 420 and the switching element 430 are changed. In some cases, the switching element 430 is turned off before the switching element 420. At this time, depending on the state of charge of the capacitor 442, both the switching element 410 and the switching element 420 may be turned on.
  • the drive control unit 406 may control the switching element 420 so that the switching element 420 is turned off before the voltage of the control signal ⁇ 463 becomes equal to or smaller than the threshold voltage of the switching element 430. Accordingly, when the switching element 420 and the switching element 430 are turned off and the switching element 410 is turned on, the switching element 420 can be turned off before the switching element 430. As a result, both the switching element 410 and the switching element 420 can be prevented from being turned on.
  • 100 power storage system 102 master module, 104 slave module, 106 external terminal, 107 external terminal, 108 switch element, 110 power storage unit, 122 terminal, 124 terminal, 126 power input terminal, 130 switch element, 140 module control unit, 150 power Supply unit, 152 power distribution unit, 154 terminal, 162 terminal, 164 terminal, 172 terminal, 174 terminal, 190 temperature control unit, 210 storage cell, 220 balance correction unit, 230 transformer, 232 primary winding, 242 secondary winding , 244 diode, 246 capacitor, 252 secondary winding, 254 diode, 256 capacitor, 262 secondary winding, 264 diode, 266 capacitor, 270 switching element, 272 Force supply control unit, 280 housing, 330 transformer, 342 secondary winding, 344 diode, 346 capacitor, 348 terminal, 350 power supply unit, 351 power distribution unit, 352 secondary winding, 354 diode, 356 capacitor, 358 Terminal, 362 secondary winding, 364 diode, 366 capacitor, 368 terminal

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Abstract

Provided is an energy storage system having a plurality of series-connected energy storage modules, and a pair of external terminals for electrically connecting the plurality of energy storage modules to the outside, wherein each of the plurality of energy storage modules has: an energy storage part; a first terminal electrically connected between one end of the energy storage part and one of the pair of external terminals; a second terminal electrically connected between the other end of the energy storage part and the other of the pair of external terminals; a first switching element electrically connecting one end of the energy storage part and the first terminal; and a module controller for controlling the on/off operation of the first switching element. At least one of the plurality of energy storage modules has a power supply part for supplying power to the module controllers respectively belonging to the plurality of energy storage modules, in the event that power is supplied to the pair of external terminals.

Description

蓄電システムPower storage system
　本発明は、蓄電システムに関する。 The present invention relates to a power storage system.
　近年、複数の蓄電モジュールを直列に接続した蓄電システムが、電気自動車の電源などに利用されている（例えば、特許文献１～３参照）。
　［特許文献］
　特許文献１　特開２００８－１６１０２９号公報
　特許文献２　特開２００４－０８８８７８号公報
　特許文献３　特開２００９－２３２６６０号公報 In recent years, a power storage system in which a plurality of power storage modules are connected in series has been used as a power source for electric vehicles (see, for example, Patent Documents 1 to 3).
[Patent Literature]
Patent Document 1 Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2008-161029 Patent Document 2 Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2004-088878 Patent Document 3 Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2009-232660
　蓄電システムを組み立てる場合、蓄電システムの組立中に蓄電モジュールの出力がオン状態にならないように注意することが求められる。そこで本発明の１つの側面においては、上記の課題を解決することのできる蓄電システムを提供することを目的とする。この目的は請求の範囲における独立項に記載の特徴の組み合わせにより達成される。また従属項は本発明の更なる有利な具体例を規定する。 When assembling the power storage system, care must be taken so that the output of the power storage module does not turn on during the assembly of the power storage system. Therefore, an object of one aspect of the present invention is to provide a power storage system that can solve the above-described problems. This object is achieved by a combination of features described in the independent claims. The dependent claims define further advantageous specific examples of the present invention.
　本発明の第１の態様においては、直列に接続された複数の蓄電モジュールと、複数の蓄電モジュールを外部と電気的に接続する一対の外部端子とを有する蓄電システムであって、複数の蓄電モジュールのそれぞれは、蓄電部と、蓄電部の一端および一対の外部端子の一方の間に電気的に接続される第１の端子と、蓄電部の他端および一対の外部端子の他方の間に電気的に接続される第２の端子と、蓄電部の一端および第１の端子の間を電気的に接続する第１のスイッチング素子と、第１のスイッチング素子のオン・オフ動作を制御するモジュール制御部とを有し、複数の蓄電モジュールの少なくとも１つは、一対の外部端子に電力が供給された場合に、複数の蓄電モジュールのそれぞれが有するモジュール制御部に電力を供給する電力供給部を有する蓄電システムが提供される。 In the first aspect of the present invention, a power storage system having a plurality of power storage modules connected in series and a pair of external terminals that electrically connect the plurality of power storage modules to the outside, the plurality of power storage modules Are electrically connected between the power storage unit, the first terminal electrically connected between one end of the power storage unit and one of the pair of external terminals, and the other end of the power storage unit and the other of the pair of external terminals. Second terminal connected electrically, a first switching element electrically connecting one end of the power storage unit and the first terminal, and module control for controlling on / off operation of the first switching element And at least one of the plurality of power storage modules supplies power to a module control unit included in each of the plurality of power storage modules when power is supplied to the pair of external terminals. Power storage system with is provided.
　上記の蓄電システムは、電力供給部と一対の外部端子の一方との間、または、電力供給部と一対の外部端子の他方との間を電気的に接続する第２のスイッチング素子またはコネクタをさらに備えてよい。上記の蓄電システムにおいて、モジュール制御部は、第１のスイッチング素子のオン・オフ動作を制御する制御信号を、第１のスイッチング素子に供給してよく、第１のスイッチング素子は、制御信号を受信していない場合にオフ状態であり、制御信号を受信した場合にオン状態になる素子であってよい。 The power storage system further includes a second switching element or connector that electrically connects the power supply unit and one of the pair of external terminals or between the power supply unit and the other of the pair of external terminals. You may be prepared. In the above power storage system, the module control unit may supply a control signal for controlling an on / off operation of the first switching element to the first switching element, and the first switching element receives the control signal. It may be an element that is off when not being turned on and turned on when a control signal is received.
　上記の蓄電システムにおいて、電力供給部は、一次巻線および複数の二次巻線を含むトランスと、一端が、一対の外部端子の一方または他方と電気的に接続され、他端が、一次巻線の一端と電気的に接続される第３のスイッチング素子と、第３のスイッチング素子のオン・オフ動作を制御する電力供給制御部とを有してよい。上記の蓄電システムにおいて、複数の二次巻線のそれぞれは、複数の蓄電モジュールのそれぞれが有する複数のモジュール制御部のそれぞれと電気的に接続されてよい。 In the above power storage system, the power supply unit includes a transformer including a primary winding and a plurality of secondary windings, one end electrically connected to one or the other of the pair of external terminals, and the other end connected to the primary winding. You may have the 3rd switching element electrically connected with the end of a line | wire, and the electric power supply control part which controls ON / OFF operation | movement of a 3rd switching element. In the above power storage system, each of the plurality of secondary windings may be electrically connected to each of a plurality of module control units included in each of the plurality of power storage modules.
　上記の蓄電システムにおいて、複数の二次巻線のそれぞれは、直列に接続された第１の巻線および第２の巻線を有してよい。第１の巻線の一端は、複数の蓄電モジュールのうちの対応する蓄電モジュールの第１の端子と電気的に接続されてよい。第２の巻線の一端は、対応する蓄電モジュールの第２の端子と電気的に接続されてよい。第１の巻線の他端および第２の巻線の他端は、対応する蓄電モジュールが有するモジュール制御部の電源入力端子と電気的に接続されてよい。 In the above power storage system, each of the plurality of secondary windings may include a first winding and a second winding connected in series. One end of the first winding may be electrically connected to a first terminal of a corresponding power storage module among the plurality of power storage modules. One end of the second winding may be electrically connected to the second terminal of the corresponding power storage module. The other end of the first winding and the other end of the second winding may be electrically connected to a power input terminal of a module control unit included in the corresponding power storage module.
　上記の蓄電システムにおいて、蓄電部は、直列に接続された複数の蓄電セルと、複数の蓄電セルの電圧を均等化させるバランス補正部とを有してよい。上記の蓄電システムにおいて、モジュール制御部は、バランス補正部の動作を制御してよい。上記の蓄電システムにおいて、複数の蓄電モジュールのそれぞれは、蓄電部から電力を供給され、蓄電部の温度を制御する温度制御部をさらに有してよい。 In the above power storage system, the power storage unit may include a plurality of power storage cells connected in series and a balance correction unit that equalizes the voltages of the plurality of power storage cells. In the above power storage system, the module control unit may control the operation of the balance correction unit. In the above power storage system, each of the plurality of power storage modules may further include a temperature control unit that is supplied with power from the power storage unit and controls the temperature of the power storage unit.
　なお、上記の発明の概要は、本発明の必要な特徴の全てを列挙したものではない。また、これらの特徴群のサブコンビネーションもまた、発明となりうる。 Note that the above summary of the invention does not enumerate all the necessary features of the present invention. In addition, a sub-combination of these feature groups can also be an invention.
蓄電システム１００の一例を概略的に示す。An example of the electrical storage system 100 is shown schematically. 蓄電部１１０および電力供給部１５０の一例を概略的に示す。An example of the electrical storage part 110 and the electric power supply part 150 is shown schematically. 電力供給部３５０の一例を概略的に示す。An example of electric power supply part 350 is shown roughly. 温度制御部１９０の一例を概略的に示す。An example of temperature control part 190 is shown roughly.
　以下、発明の実施の形態を通じて本発明を説明するが、以下の実施形態は請求の範囲にかかる発明を限定するものではない。また、実施形態の中で説明されている特徴の組み合わせの全てが発明の解決手段に必須であるとは限らない。また、図面を参照して、実施形態について説明するが、図面の記載において、同一または類似の部分には同一の参照番号を付して重複する説明を省く場合がある。 Hereinafter, the present invention will be described through embodiments of the invention. However, the following embodiments do not limit the invention according to the claims. In addition, not all the combinations of features described in the embodiments are essential for the solving means of the invention. In addition, embodiments will be described with reference to the drawings, but in the description of the drawings, the same or similar parts may be denoted by the same reference numerals and redundant description may be omitted.
　図１は、蓄電システム１００の一例を概略的に示す。蓄電システム１００は、電気自動車、ハイブリッド自動車、電気二輪車、鉄道車両、昇降機などの輸送装置、または、ＰＣ、携帯電話などの電気機器の電源として用いられてよい。蓄電システム１００は、太陽光発電、風力発電などの発電装置に電気的に接続される蓄電装置として用いられてもよい。 FIG. 1 schematically shows an example of a power storage system 100. The power storage system 100 may be used as a power source for a transportation device such as an electric vehicle, a hybrid vehicle, an electric motorcycle, a railway vehicle, and an elevator, or an electric device such as a PC or a mobile phone. The power storage system 100 may be used as a power storage device that is electrically connected to a power generation device such as solar power generation or wind power generation.
　本実施形態において、蓄電システム１００は、マスタモジュール１０２と、スレーブモジュール１０４と、外部端子１０６と、外部端子１０７と、スイッチ素子１０８とを備える。蓄電システム１００は、１以上のスレーブモジュール１０４を有してよい。蓄電システム１００は、動作中に、マスタモジュール１０２および１以上のスレーブモジュール１０４のそれぞれの電圧を均等化させてもよい。 In this embodiment, the power storage system 100 includes a master module 102, a slave module 104, an external terminal 106, an external terminal 107, and a switch element 108. The power storage system 100 may include one or more slave modules 104. The power storage system 100 may equalize the voltages of the master module 102 and the one or more slave modules 104 during operation.
　本実施形態において、マスタモジュール１０２は、蓄電部１１０と、端子１２２と、端子１２４と、スイッチ素子１３０と、モジュール制御部１４０と、電力供給部１５０と、温度制御部１９０とを有する。モジュール制御部１４０は、電源入力端子１２６を有してよい。電力供給部１５０は、電力分配部１５２と、端子１５４と、端子１６２と、端子１６４と、端子１７２と、端子１７４とを含んでよい。本実施形態において、スレーブモジュールは、蓄電部１１０と、端子１２２と、端子１２４と、電源入力端子１２６と、スイッチ素子１３０と、モジュール制御部１４０と、温度制御部１９０とを有する。 In the present embodiment, the master module 102 includes a power storage unit 110, a terminal 122, a terminal 124, a switch element 130, a module control unit 140, a power supply unit 150, and a temperature control unit 190. The module control unit 140 may have a power input terminal 126. The power supply unit 150 may include a power distribution unit 152, a terminal 154, a terminal 162, a terminal 164, a terminal 172, and a terminal 174. In the present embodiment, the slave module includes a power storage unit 110, a terminal 122, a terminal 124, a power input terminal 126, a switch element 130, a module control unit 140, and a temperature control unit 190.
　マスタモジュール１０２およびスレーブモジュール１０４は直列に接続される。マスタモジュール１０２は外部端子１０６と電気的に接続され、スレーブモジュール１０４は外部端子１０７と電気的に接続される。マスタモジュール１０２およびスレーブモジュール１０４は、蓄電モジュールの一例であってよい。 The master module 102 and the slave module 104 are connected in series. The master module 102 is electrically connected to the external terminal 106, and the slave module 104 is electrically connected to the external terminal 107. The master module 102 and the slave module 104 may be an example of a power storage module.
　「電気的に接続される」とは、ある要素と他の要素とが直接接続される場合に限定されない。ある要素と他の要素との間に、第三の要素が介在してもよい。また、ある要素と他の要素とが物理的に接続されている場合に限定されない。例えば、変圧器の入力巻線と出力巻線とは物理的には接続されていないが、電気的には接続されている。さらに、ある要素と他の要素とが製造段階で電気的に接続されている場合だけでなく、蓄電システムが外部の充電装置または負荷と電気的に接続されたときに、ある要素と他の要素とが電気的に接続される場合をも含む。また、「直列に接続される」とは、ある要素と他の要素とが直列に電気的に接続されていることを示す。「端子」とは、物理的な端子だけでなく、ある要素と他の要素との接続部をも含む。 “Electrically connected” is not limited to a case where a certain element is directly connected to another element. A third element may be interposed between one element and another element. Moreover, it is not limited to when a certain element and another element are physically connected. For example, the input winding and output winding of the transformer are not physically connected, but are electrically connected. Furthermore, not only when an element and another element are electrically connected in the manufacturing stage, but also when the power storage system is electrically connected with an external charging device or load, And the case where these are electrically connected. Further, “connected in series” indicates that an element and another element are electrically connected in series. The “terminal” includes not only a physical terminal but also a connection portion between an element and another element.
　外部端子１０６および外部端子１０７は、マスタモジュール１０２およびスレーブモジュール１０４を外部と電気的に接続する。スイッチ素子１０８は、電力供給部１５０と、外部端子１０６または外部端子１０７との間を電気的に接続する。スイッチ素子１０８は、ＭＯＳＦＥＴなどのトランジスタであってもよく、リレーであってもよい。また、スイッチ素子１０８の代わりにコネクタが用いられてもよい。スイッチ素子１０８は、第２のスイッチング素子またはコネクタの一例であってよい。 External terminal 106 and external terminal 107 electrically connect master module 102 and slave module 104 to the outside. The switch element 108 electrically connects the power supply unit 150 and the external terminal 106 or the external terminal 107. The switch element 108 may be a transistor such as a MOSFET or a relay. A connector may be used instead of the switch element 108. The switch element 108 may be an example of a second switching element or a connector.
　蓄電部１１０は、蓄電システム１００の外部の充電装置（図示していない。）と電気的に接続され、電気エネルギーを蓄える。蓄電部１１０は、外部の負荷（図示していない。）と電気的に接続され、当該負荷に電力を供給する。蓄電部１１０は、端子１２２および端子１２４を介して他の蓄電部１１０と電気的に接続される。端子１２４は、蓄電部１１０の一端および外部端子１０７の間に電気的に接続される。端子１２４は、第１の端子の一例であってよい。端子１２２は、蓄電部１１０の他端および外部端子１０６の間に電気的に接続される。端子１２２は、第２の端子の一例であってよい。 The power storage unit 110 is electrically connected to a charging device (not shown) outside the power storage system 100 and stores electrical energy. The power storage unit 110 is electrically connected to an external load (not shown) and supplies power to the load. Power storage unit 110 is electrically connected to another power storage unit 110 via terminal 122 and terminal 124. Terminal 124 is electrically connected between one end of power storage unit 110 and external terminal 107. The terminal 124 may be an example of a first terminal. Terminal 122 is electrically connected between the other end of power storage unit 110 and external terminal 106. The terminal 122 may be an example of a second terminal.
　スイッチ素子１３０は、蓄電部１１０の一端および端子１２４の間を電気的に接続する。スイッチ素子１３０は、モジュール制御部１４０からの制御信号φ１２に基づいて、オン状態とオフ状態とを切り替える。スイッチ素子１３０は、制御信号φ１２を受信していない場合にオフ状態であり、制御信号φ１２を受信した場合にオン状態になってよい。スイッチ素子１３０は、ＭＯＳＦＥＴなどのトランジスタであってもよく、リレーであってもよい。スイッチ素子１３０は、第１のスイッチング素子の一例であってよい。 Switch element 130 electrically connects one end of power storage unit 110 and terminal 124. The switch element 130 switches between an on state and an off state based on a control signal φ12 from the module control unit 140. The switch element 130 may be turned off when the control signal φ12 is not received, and may be turned on when the control signal φ12 is received. The switch element 130 may be a transistor such as a MOSFET or a relay. The switch element 130 may be an example of a first switching element.
　モジュール制御部１４０は、スイッチ素子１３０のオン・オフ動作を制御する。モジュール制御部１４０は、スイッチ素子１３０のオン・オフ動作を制御する制御信号φ１２を生成して、スイッチ素子１３０に供給してよい。モジュール制御部１４０は、端子１２２と電気的に接続される基準電圧端子（図示していない。）と、電源入力端子１２６との間の電圧を駆動電圧として動作してよい。モジュール制御部１４０は、パルス幅変調器などのパルス変調器であってよい。 The module control unit 140 controls the on / off operation of the switch element 130. The module control unit 140 may generate a control signal φ12 for controlling the on / off operation of the switch element 130 and supply the control signal φ12 to the switch element 130. The module control unit 140 may operate using a voltage between a reference voltage terminal (not shown) electrically connected to the terminal 122 and the power input terminal 126 as a driving voltage. The module control unit 140 may be a pulse modulator such as a pulse width modulator.
　本実施形態において、モジュール制御部１４０は、電力供給部１５０から電力を供給される。そのため、電力供給部１５０から電力が供給されていない状態では、モジュール制御部１４０からスイッチ素子１３０に制御信号φ１２が供給されない。これにより、蓄電システム１００の組立中に、万が一、端子１２２および端子１２４が短絡された場合であっても、端子１２２および端子１２４の間には電流が流れない。その結果、蓄電システム１００を安全に組み立てることができる。 In the present embodiment, the module control unit 140 is supplied with power from the power supply unit 150. Therefore, the control signal φ12 is not supplied from the module control unit 140 to the switch element 130 when no power is supplied from the power supply unit 150. Thereby, even if the terminal 122 and the terminal 124 are short-circuited during the assembly of the power storage system 100, no current flows between the terminal 122 and the terminal 124. As a result, the power storage system 100 can be assembled safely.
　電力供給部１５０は、外部端子１０６および外部端子１０７が外部の充電装置と電気的に接続され、外部端子１０６および外部端子１０７に電力が供給された場合に、マスタモジュール１０２およびスレーブモジュール１０４のそれぞれが有するモジュール制御部１４０に電力を供給する。 When the external terminal 106 and the external terminal 107 are electrically connected to an external charging device and power is supplied to the external terminal 106 and the external terminal 107, the power supply unit 150 is connected to each of the master module 102 and the slave module 104. Power is supplied to the module control unit 140 included in the.
　電力分配部１５２は、外部端子１０６および外部端子１０７が外部の充電装置と電気的に接続された場合に、電力を発生させる。電力分配部１５２は、発生した電力を、マスタモジュール１０２およびスレーブモジュール１０４のそれぞれが有するモジュール制御部１４０に供給する。 The power distribution unit 152 generates power when the external terminal 106 and the external terminal 107 are electrically connected to an external charging device. The power distribution unit 152 supplies the generated power to the module control unit 140 included in each of the master module 102 and the slave module 104.
　本実施形態において、電力分配部１５２は、端子１６２または端子１７２と、スレーブモジュール１０４の端子１２２とを介して、スレーブモジュール１０４のモジュール制御部１４０の基準電圧端子と電気的に接続される。電力分配部１５２は、端子１６４または端子１７４を介して、スレーブモジュール１０４のモジュール制御部１４０の電源入力端子１２６と電気的に接続される。同様に、電力分配部１５２は、同様にして、マスタモジュール１０２とも電気的に接続される。 In the present embodiment, the power distribution unit 152 is electrically connected to the reference voltage terminal of the module control unit 140 of the slave module 104 via the terminal 162 or the terminal 172 and the terminal 122 of the slave module 104. The power distribution unit 152 is electrically connected to the power input terminal 126 of the module control unit 140 of the slave module 104 via the terminal 164 or the terminal 174. Similarly, the power distribution unit 152 is electrically connected to the master module 102 in the same manner.
　電力分配部１５２は、一端が、スイッチ素子１０８を介して外部端子１０７と電気的に接続される。電力分配部１５２の他端のうちの少なくとも１つは、外部端子１０６と電気的に接続されてよい。本実施形態において、電力分配部１５２は、電力供給部１５０の端子１５４およびスイッチ素子１０８を介して、外部端子１０７と電気的に接続される。これにより、スイッチ素子１０８がオフ状態である場合に、外部端子１０６および外部端子１０７に電力が供給されたとしても、電力分配部１５２は電力を発生させない。なお、電力分配部１５２は、一端が、外部端子１０７と電気的に接続され、他端のうちの少なくとも１つがスイッチ素子１０８を介して外部端子１０６と電気的に接続されてもよい。 One end of the power distribution unit 152 is electrically connected to the external terminal 107 via the switch element 108. At least one of the other ends of the power distribution unit 152 may be electrically connected to the external terminal 106. In the present embodiment, the power distribution unit 152 is electrically connected to the external terminal 107 via the terminal 154 of the power supply unit 150 and the switch element 108. Thereby, when the switch element 108 is in the OFF state, even if power is supplied to the external terminal 106 and the external terminal 107, the power distribution unit 152 does not generate power. Note that one end of the power distribution unit 152 may be electrically connected to the external terminal 107, and at least one of the other ends may be electrically connected to the external terminal 106 via the switch element 108.
　本実施形態によれば、蓄電システム１００を組み立てる場合、マスタモジュール１０２およびスレーブモジュール１０４を直列に接続した後、スイッチ素子１０８をオン状態にしてから、外部端子１０６および外部端子１０７に電力を供給しなければ、スイッチ素子１３０がオン状態にならない。そのため、より安全に蓄電システム１００を組み立てることができる。 According to this embodiment, when assembling the power storage system 100, the master module 102 and the slave module 104 are connected in series, and then the switch element 108 is turned on, and then power is supplied to the external terminal 106 and the external terminal 107. Otherwise, the switch element 130 is not turned on. Therefore, the power storage system 100 can be assembled more safely.
　温度制御部１９０は、マスタモジュール１０２またはスレーブモジュール１０４の蓄電部１１０の温度を制御する。温度制御部１９０は、マスタモジュール１０２およびスレーブモジュール１０４のそれぞれに配されてよい。それぞれの温度制御部１９０は、対応する蓄電部１１０の温度を独立に制御してよい。それぞれの温度制御部１９０は、対応する蓄電部１１０から電力を供給されてよい。 The temperature control unit 190 controls the temperature of the power storage unit 110 of the master module 102 or the slave module 104. The temperature control unit 190 may be disposed in each of the master module 102 and the slave module 104. Each temperature control unit 190 may independently control the temperature of the corresponding power storage unit 110. Each temperature control unit 190 may be supplied with power from the corresponding power storage unit 110.
　図２は、蓄電部１１０および電力供給部１５０の一例を概略的に示す。説明を簡単にする目的で、図２には、蓄電部１１０および電力供給部１５０とともに、マスタモジュール１０２の他の要素も示す。図２は、マスタモジュール１０２の一例として、電力供給部１５０が、他の要素とともに筐体２８０の内部に配される場合を示す。しかし、マスタモジュール１０２はこれに限定されない。電力供給部１５０と他の要素とが、それぞれ異なる筐体に配されてもよい。 FIG. 2 schematically shows an example of the power storage unit 110 and the power supply unit 150. For the sake of simplicity, FIG. 2 shows other elements of the master module 102 as well as the power storage unit 110 and the power supply unit 150. FIG. 2 shows a case where the power supply unit 150 is arranged inside the housing 280 together with other elements as an example of the master module 102. However, the master module 102 is not limited to this. The power supply unit 150 and other elements may be arranged in different cases.
　本実施形態において、蓄電部１１０は、蓄電セル２１０と、バランス補正部２２０とを有する。蓄電部１１０は、直列に接続された複数の蓄電セル２１０を有してよい。蓄電セル２１０は、二次電池またはキャパシタであってよい。二次電池としては、リチウムイオン電池、ニッケル水素電池、ニッケルカドミウム電池、鉛蓄電池などが用いられてよい。蓄電セル２１０は、さらに、複数の二次電池またはキャパシタを含んでもよい。蓄電セル２１０は、複数の二次電池またはキャパシタが並列に接続された組電池であってもよい。 In the present embodiment, the power storage unit 110 includes a power storage cell 210 and a balance correction unit 220. The power storage unit 110 may include a plurality of power storage cells 210 connected in series. The storage cell 210 may be a secondary battery or a capacitor. As the secondary battery, a lithium ion battery, a nickel metal hydride battery, a nickel cadmium battery, a lead storage battery, or the like may be used. The storage cell 210 may further include a plurality of secondary batteries or capacitors. The storage cell 210 may be an assembled battery in which a plurality of secondary batteries or capacitors are connected in parallel.
　バランス補正部２２０は、複数の蓄電セル２１０の電圧を均等化させる。バランス補正部２２０の動作原理および構成は特に限定されるものではないが、例えば、特開２００４－０８８８７８号公報に記載されているように、複数の蓄電セル２１０のそれぞれに対応する複数の二次巻線を有するトランスと、直列に接続された複数の蓄電部１１０の電圧をスイッチングして、トランスの一次巻線に通電させる開閉回路を形成するスイッチング素子とを用いて、複数の蓄電セル２１０の電圧を均等化させてよい。スイッチング素子として、制御信号を受信していない場合にオフ状態となる素子が用いられてよい。 The balance correction unit 220 equalizes the voltages of the plurality of power storage cells 210. The operation principle and configuration of the balance correction unit 220 are not particularly limited. For example, as described in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2004-088878, a plurality of secondary cells corresponding to each of the plurality of power storage cells 210 are provided. Using a transformer having a winding and a switching element that forms a switching circuit for switching the voltage of a plurality of power storage units 110 connected in series and energizing the primary winding of the transformer, The voltage may be equalized. As the switching element, an element that is turned off when a control signal is not received may be used.
　この場合、トランスの二次巻線のそれぞれは、誘導された出力電力を、対応する蓄電部１１０に充電供給するように構成される。これにより、スイッチング素子をオン・オフ動作させてトランスの一次巻線にパルス電流を発生させることで、直列に接続された蓄電部１１０の電圧が複数の蓄電セル２１０に再分配され、蓄電部１１０間の電圧が均等化される。 In this case, each of the secondary windings of the transformer is configured to charge and supply the induced output power to the corresponding power storage unit 110. As a result, the switching element is turned on / off to generate a pulse current in the primary winding of the transformer, whereby the voltage of the power storage units 110 connected in series is redistributed to the plurality of power storage cells 210, and the power storage unit 110 The voltage between them is equalized.
　バランス補正部２２０の他の例としては、例えば、特開２００９－２３２６６０号公報に記載されているように、直列に接続された２つの蓄電セル２１０の中間接続点に一端が接続されるインダクタと、インダクタの他端と２つの蓄電セル２１０の一方の直列接続端との間に介在して開閉回路を形成するスイッチング素子と、インダクタの他端と２つの蓄電セル２１０の他方の直列接続端との間に介在して開閉回路を形成するスイッチング素子とを用いて、複数の蓄電セル２１０の電圧を均等化させてよい。スイッチング素子として、制御信号を受信していない場合にオフ状態となる素子が用いられてよい。 Other examples of the balance correction unit 220 include an inductor having one end connected to an intermediate connection point of two storage cells 210 connected in series, as described in, for example, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2009-232660. A switching element interposed between the other end of the inductor and one series connection end of the two storage cells 210 to form a switching circuit, the other end of the inductor and the other series connection end of the two storage cells 210 The voltage of the plurality of power storage cells 210 may be equalized using a switching element that is interposed between them to form a switching circuit. As the switching element, an element that is turned off when a control signal is not received may be used.
　この場合、直列に接続された２つの蓄電セル２１０に対して１つのバランス補正回路が配される。例えば、蓄電部１１０が直列に接続された４つの蓄電セル２１０を備える場合、バランス補正部２２０は、３つのバランス補正回路を備える。２つのスイッチング素子を交互にオン・オフ動作させることで、直列に接続された２つの蓄電セル２１０の間の電圧が均等化される。 In this case, one balance correction circuit is arranged for two storage cells 210 connected in series. For example, when the power storage unit 110 includes four power storage cells 210 connected in series, the balance correction unit 220 includes three balance correction circuits. By alternately turning on and off the two switching elements, the voltage between the two storage cells 210 connected in series is equalized.
　バランス補正部２２０は、モジュール制御部１４０からの制御信号φ２２に基づいて、上記の開閉回路を形成するスイッチング素子のオン・オフ動作を制御してよい。モジュール制御部１４０は、パルス幅変調器であってもよく、パルスの周期およびパルス幅を制御することで、当該スイッチング素子のオン・オフ動作を制御してよい。 The balance correction unit 220 may control the on / off operation of the switching elements forming the open / close circuit based on the control signal φ22 from the module control unit 140. The module control unit 140 may be a pulse width modulator, and may control the on / off operation of the switching element by controlling the pulse period and the pulse width.
　バランス補正部２２０が複数の蓄電セル２１０の電圧を均等化させる場合、多少の電力が消費される。しかし、本実施形態においては、モジュール制御部１４０が、バランス補正部２２０の動作を制御する。そのため、モジュール制御部１４０に電力が供給されていない状態では、バランス補正が実施されない。これにより、例えば、保管中の消費電力を低減させることができる。 When the balance correction unit 220 equalizes the voltages of the plurality of power storage cells 210, some power is consumed. However, in the present embodiment, the module control unit 140 controls the operation of the balance correction unit 220. Therefore, balance correction is not performed in a state where power is not supplied to the module control unit 140. Thereby, for example, power consumption during storage can be reduced.
　本実施形態において、電力分配部１５２は、トランス２３０と、スイッチング素子２７０と、電力供給制御部２７２とを有する。トランス２３０は、一次巻線２３２と、二次巻線２４２と、ダイオード２４４と、キャパシタ２４６と、二次巻線２５２と、ダイオード２５４と、キャパシタ２５６、二次巻線２６２と、ダイオード２６４と、キャパシタ２６６とを含む。 In the present embodiment, the power distribution unit 152 includes a transformer 230, a switching element 270, and a power supply control unit 272. The transformer 230 includes a primary winding 232, a secondary winding 242, a diode 244, a capacitor 246, a secondary winding 252, a diode 254, a capacitor 256, a secondary winding 262, a diode 264, Capacitor 266.
　本実施形態では、電力分配部１５２が、二次巻線２４２、二次巻線２５２および二次巻線２６２を有する場合について説明する。しかし、二次巻線の数はこれに限定されない。蓄電システム１００に含まれるマスタモジュール１０２およびスレーブモジュール１０４の数に応じて、二次巻線の数も増減してもよい。 In the present embodiment, a case where the power distribution unit 152 includes a secondary winding 242, a secondary winding 252 and a secondary winding 262 will be described. However, the number of secondary windings is not limited to this. Depending on the number of master modules 102 and slave modules 104 included in the power storage system 100, the number of secondary windings may be increased or decreased.
　本実施形態において、一次巻線２３２は、スイッチ素子１０８およびスイッチング素子２７０を介して、外部端子１０６および外部端子１０７の間に電気的に接続される。これにより、スイッチ素子１０８およびスイッチング素子２７０がオン状態である場合に、充電装置（図示していない。）から外部端子１０６および外部端子１０７の間に電力が供給されると、電力供給部１５０からモジュール制御部１４０のそれぞれに電力が供給される。 In the present embodiment, the primary winding 232 is electrically connected between the external terminal 106 and the external terminal 107 via the switch element 108 and the switching element 270. Thus, when power is supplied between the external terminal 106 and the external terminal 107 from the charging device (not shown) when the switch element 108 and the switching element 270 are in the on state, the power supply unit 150 Electric power is supplied to each of the module control units 140.
　二次巻線２４２は、マスタモジュール１０２が有するモジュール制御部１４０（対応するモジュール制御部１４０と言う場合がある。）と電気的に接続される。二次巻線２４２の一端は、対応するモジュール制御部１４０の電源入力端子１２６と電気的に接続される。二次巻線２４２の他端は、対応するモジュール制御部１４０の基準電圧端子と電気的に接続される。 The secondary winding 242 is electrically connected to a module control unit 140 (may be referred to as a corresponding module control unit 140) included in the master module 102. One end of the secondary winding 242 is electrically connected to the power input terminal 126 of the corresponding module control unit 140. The other end of the secondary winding 242 is electrically connected to the reference voltage terminal of the corresponding module control unit 140.
　ダイオード２４４は、一端が、二次巻線２４２の一端と電気的に接続され、他端が、対応するモジュール制御部１４０の電源入力端子１２６と電気的に接続される。ダイオード２４４は、二次巻線２４２の一端からモジュール制御部１４０の電源入力端子１２６に向かって電流を流す向きに配される。キャパシタ２４６は、一端がダイオード２４４の他端および対応するモジュール制御部１４０の電源入力端子１２６と電気的に接続され、他端が、対応するモジュール制御部１４０の基準電圧端子と電気的に接続される。ダイオード２４４およびキャパシタ２４６は、二次巻線２４２に誘導された出力電力を整流して、モジュール制御部１４０の電源入力端子１２６に電力を供給する。 One end of the diode 244 is electrically connected to one end of the secondary winding 242, and the other end is electrically connected to the power input terminal 126 of the corresponding module control unit 140. The diode 244 is arranged in such a direction that current flows from one end of the secondary winding 242 toward the power input terminal 126 of the module control unit 140. One end of the capacitor 246 is electrically connected to the other end of the diode 244 and the power input terminal 126 of the corresponding module controller 140, and the other end is electrically connected to the reference voltage terminal of the corresponding module controller 140. The The diode 244 and the capacitor 246 rectify the output power induced in the secondary winding 242 and supply the power to the power input terminal 126 of the module control unit 140.
　同様に、二次巻線２５２および二次巻線２６２は、それぞれ、対応するスレーブモジュール１０４が有するモジュール制御部１４０（対応するモジュール制御部１４０と言う場合がある。）と電気的に接続される。ダイオード２５４およびキャパシタ２５６は、二次巻線２５２に誘導された出力電力を整流して、対応するモジュール制御部１４０の電源入力端子１２６に電力を供給する。ダイオード２６４およびキャパシタ２６６は、二次巻線２６２に誘導された出力電力を整流して、対応するモジュール制御部１４０の電源入力端子１２６に電力を供給する。 Similarly, the secondary winding 252 and the secondary winding 262 are each electrically connected to a module control unit 140 (sometimes referred to as a corresponding module control unit 140) included in the corresponding slave module 104. . The diode 254 and the capacitor 256 rectify the output power induced in the secondary winding 252 and supply power to the power input terminal 126 of the corresponding module control unit 140. The diode 264 and the capacitor 266 rectify the output power induced in the secondary winding 262 and supply power to the power input terminal 126 of the corresponding module control unit 140.
　スイッチング素子２７０は、外部端子１０６および外部端子１０７の一方と、一次巻線２３２との間に介在して開閉回路を形成する。本実施形態において、スイッチング素子２７０の一端は、端子１２２を介して外部端子１０６と電気的に接続される。スイッチング素子２７０の他端は、一次巻線２３２の一端と電気的に接続される。 The switching element 270 is interposed between one of the external terminal 106 and the external terminal 107 and the primary winding 232 to form a switching circuit. In the present embodiment, one end of the switching element 270 is electrically connected to the external terminal 106 via the terminal 122. The other end of the switching element 270 is electrically connected to one end of the primary winding 232.
　スイッチング素子２７０がオン・オフ動作を繰り返すことで、トランス２３０の一次巻線２３２にパルス電流が発生する。これにより、二次巻線２４２、二次巻線２５２および二次巻線２６２のそれぞれに出力電流が誘導される。スイッチング素子２７０は、電力供給制御部２７２からの制御信号φ２４に基づいて、オン状態およびオフ状態を切り替えてよい。 When the switching element 270 repeats the on / off operation, a pulse current is generated in the primary winding 232 of the transformer 230. As a result, an output current is induced in each of the secondary winding 242, the secondary winding 252 and the secondary winding 262. The switching element 270 may switch between the on state and the off state based on the control signal φ24 from the power supply control unit 272.
　スイッチング素子２７０は、特に限定されるものではないが、制御信号φ２４を受信していない場合にオフ状態であり、制御信号φ２４を受信した場合にオン状態になる素子であってもよい。スイッチング素子２７０は、ＭＯＳＦＥＴなどのトランジスタであってもよく、リレーであってもよい。スイッチング素子２７０は、第３のスイッチング素子の一例であってよい。 The switching element 270 is not particularly limited, but may be an element that is in an off state when the control signal φ24 is not received and that is turned on when the control signal φ24 is received. The switching element 270 may be a transistor such as a MOSFET or a relay. The switching element 270 may be an example of a third switching element.
　電力供給制御部２７２は、スイッチング素子２７０のオン・オフ動作を制御する。電力供給制御部２７２は、パルス幅変調器などのパルス変調器であってよい。これにより、トランス２３０の一次巻線２３２にパルス電流を発生させることができる。その結果、二次巻線２４２、二次巻線２５２および二次巻線２６２のそれぞれに出力電流が誘導され、対応するモジュール制御部１４０のそれぞれに、電力が供給される。 The power supply control unit 272 controls the on / off operation of the switching element 270. The power supply control unit 272 may be a pulse modulator such as a pulse width modulator. Thereby, a pulse current can be generated in the primary winding 232 of the transformer 230. As a result, an output current is induced in each of the secondary winding 242, the secondary winding 252 and the secondary winding 262, and power is supplied to each of the corresponding module control units 140.
　電力供給制御部２７２の電源は外部から供給されてもよい。電力供給制御部２７２は、誘導される出力電流を測定して、測定結果に基づいて、スイッチング素子２７０のオン・オフ動作を制御してよい。例えば、電力供給制御部２７２は、トランス２３０に配される二次巻線をさらに有して、当該二次巻線に誘導される出力電流を測定してよい。 The power supply of the power supply control unit 272 may be supplied from the outside. The power supply control unit 272 may measure the induced output current and control the on / off operation of the switching element 270 based on the measurement result. For example, the power supply control unit 272 may further include a secondary winding disposed in the transformer 230 and measure an output current induced in the secondary winding.
　図３は、電力供給部３５０の一例を概略的に示す。説明を簡単にする目的で、図３には、電力供給部１５０とともに、マスタモジュール１０２のモジュール制御部１４０および端子１２２と、電源入力端子１２６と、外部端子１０６とを示す。 FIG. 3 schematically shows an example of the power supply unit 350. For the sake of simplicity, FIG. 3 shows the module controller 140 and the terminal 122 of the master module 102, the power input terminal 126, and the external terminal 106 together with the power supply unit 150.
　電力供給部３５０は、マスタモジュール１０２およびスレーブモジュール１０４のそれぞれに対応する二次巻線が、複数の二次巻線を含む点で、電力供給部１５０と相違する。本実施形態において、当該複数の二次巻線は直列に接続されており、直列に接続された二次巻線の両端は、それぞれ、対応する蓄電モジュールの蓄電部１１０の両端と電気的に接続される。これにより、蓄電システム１００は、マスタモジュール１０２およびスレーブモジュール１０４の間で電圧にバラつきがある場合に、マスタモジュール１０２およびスレーブモジュール１０４の間の電圧を均等化させることができる。 The power supply unit 350 is different from the power supply unit 150 in that the secondary winding corresponding to each of the master module 102 and the slave module 104 includes a plurality of secondary windings. In the present embodiment, the plurality of secondary windings are connected in series, and both ends of the secondary windings connected in series are electrically connected to both ends of the power storage unit 110 of the corresponding power storage module, respectively. Is done. Thereby, the power storage system 100 can equalize the voltage between the master module 102 and the slave module 104 when the voltage varies between the master module 102 and the slave module 104.
　特に、本実施形態においては、マスタモジュール１０２およびスレーブモジュール１０４のそれぞれが、それぞれの蓄電部１１０から電力を供給される温度制御部１９０を有する。マスタモジュール１０２およびスレーブモジュール１０４の放熱特性は、それぞれが配された位置によって異なることから、マスタモジュール１０２およびスレーブモジュール１０４の電池残量が均一でなくなり、電圧にバラつきが生じやすい。 In particular, in the present embodiment, each of the master module 102 and the slave module 104 has a temperature control unit 190 to which power is supplied from each power storage unit 110. Since the heat radiation characteristics of the master module 102 and the slave module 104 differ depending on the positions where they are arranged, the remaining battery power of the master module 102 and the slave module 104 is not uniform, and the voltage tends to vary.
　例えば、蓄電システム１００の外部に近い側に配されたマスタモジュール１０２またはスレーブモジュール１０４は、蓄電システム１００の外部から遠い側に配されたマスタモジュール１０２またはスレーブモジュール１０４と比較して、外気の影響を受けやすい。蓄電システム１００の外部から遠い側に配されたマスタモジュール１０２またはスレーブモジュール１０４は、蓄電システム１００の外部に近い側に配されたマスタモジュール１０２またはスレーブモジュール１０４と比較して、外部に熱を放出しにくい。電力供給部３５０は、このような場合に好適に用いられる。 For example, the master module 102 or the slave module 104 arranged on the side close to the outside of the power storage system 100 is more influenced by the outside air than the master module 102 or the slave module 104 arranged on the side far from the outside of the power storage system 100. It is easy to receive. The master module 102 or the slave module 104 arranged on the side far from the outside of the power storage system 100 releases heat to the outside as compared with the master module 102 or the slave module 104 arranged on the side near the outside of the power storage system 100. Hard to do. The power supply unit 350 is preferably used in such a case.
　本実施形態において、電力供給部３５０は、電力分配部３５１と、端子１５４と、端子１６２と、端子１６４と、端子１７２と、端子１７４と、端子３４８と、端子３５８と、端子３６８とを含む。端子３４８は、マスタモジュール１０２の端子１２４と電気的に接続される。端子３５８および端子３６８は、それぞれ、対応するスレーブモジュール１０４の端子１２４と電気的に接続される。端子３４８、端子３５８および端子３６８のそれぞれは、対応する蓄電モジュールの端子１２４とスイッチ素子１３０との間の中間接続点と電気的に接続されてよい。 In the present embodiment, the power supply unit 350 includes a power distribution unit 351, a terminal 154, a terminal 162, a terminal 164, a terminal 172, a terminal 174, a terminal 348, a terminal 358, and a terminal 368. . The terminal 348 is electrically connected to the terminal 124 of the master module 102. Terminal 358 and terminal 368 are each electrically connected to terminal 124 of corresponding slave module 104. Each of terminal 348, terminal 358, and terminal 368 may be electrically connected to an intermediate connection point between terminal 124 and switch element 130 of the corresponding power storage module.
　電力分配部３５１は、トランス３３０と、スイッチング素子２７０と、電力供給制御部２７２とを有する。以下、電力供給部１５０の各構成との相違点について説明し、電力供給部１５０の各構成と同様の構成については説明を省略する場合がある。例えば、説明を省略した部分については、電力分配部３５１は電力分配部１５２と同様の構成を有してよく、トランス３３０はトランス２３０と同様の構成を有してよい。 The power distribution unit 351 includes a transformer 330, a switching element 270, and a power supply control unit 272. Hereinafter, differences from each configuration of the power supply unit 150 will be described, and description of the same configuration as each configuration of the power supply unit 150 may be omitted. For example, for portions that are not described, the power distribution unit 351 may have the same configuration as the power distribution unit 152, and the transformer 330 may have the same configuration as the transformer 230.
　トランス３３０は、一次巻線２３２を含む。トランス３３０は、二次巻線２４２および二次巻線３４２と、ダイオード２４４およびダイオード３４４と、キャパシタ２４６およびキャパシタ３４６とを含む。トランス３３０は、二次巻線２５２および二次巻線３５２と、ダイオード２５４およびダイオード３５４と、キャパシタ２５６およびキャパシタ３５６とを含む。トランス３３０は、二次巻線２６２および二次巻線３６２と、ダイオード２６４およびダイオード３６４と、キャパシタ２６６およびキャパシタ３６６とを含む。二次巻線２４２、二次巻線２５２および二次巻線２６２は、第２の巻線の一例であってよい。二次巻線３４２、二次巻線３５２および二次巻線３６２は、第１の巻線の一例であってよい。 The transformer 330 includes a primary winding 232. Transformer 330 includes secondary winding 242 and secondary winding 342, diode 244 and diode 344, capacitor 246 and capacitor 346. Transformer 330 includes a secondary winding 252 and a secondary winding 352, a diode 254 and a diode 354, a capacitor 256 and a capacitor 356. Transformer 330 includes a secondary winding 262 and a secondary winding 362, a diode 264 and a diode 364, and a capacitor 266 and a capacitor 366. The secondary winding 242, the secondary winding 252 and the secondary winding 262 may be an example of a second winding. The secondary winding 342, the secondary winding 352, and the secondary winding 362 may be an example of a first winding.
　二次巻線３４２は、二次巻線２４２と直列に接続される。二次巻線２４２の一端は、マスタモジュール１０２の端子１２２と電気的に接続される。二次巻線３４２の一端は、マスタモジュール１０２の端子１２４と電気的に接続される。二次巻線２４２の他端および二次巻線３４２の他端は、マスタモジュール１０２が有するモジュール制御部１４０の電源入力端子１２６と電気的に接続される。 The secondary winding 342 is connected in series with the secondary winding 242. One end of the secondary winding 242 is electrically connected to the terminal 122 of the master module 102. One end of the secondary winding 342 is electrically connected to the terminal 124 of the master module 102. The other end of the secondary winding 242 and the other end of the secondary winding 342 are electrically connected to the power input terminal 126 of the module control unit 140 included in the master module 102.
　ダイオード３４４は、一端が、二次巻線３４２の一端と電気的に接続され、他端が、端子３４８と電気的に接続される。ダイオード３４４は、二次巻線３４２の一端から端子３４８に向かって電流を流す向きに配される。キャパシタ３４６は、一端がダイオード３４４の他端および端子３４８と電気的に接続され、他端が、二次巻線２４２の一端と電気的に接続される。 The diode 344 has one end electrically connected to one end of the secondary winding 342 and the other end electrically connected to the terminal 348. The diode 344 is arranged in a direction in which a current flows from one end of the secondary winding 342 toward the terminal 348. Capacitor 346 has one end electrically connected to the other end of diode 344 and terminal 348, and the other end electrically connected to one end of secondary winding 242.
　同様に、二次巻線３５２は、二次巻線２５２と直列に接続される。二次巻線２５２の一端は、対応するスレーブモジュール１０４の端子１２２と電気的に接続される。二次巻線３５２の一端は、対応するスレーブモジュール１０４の端子１２４と電気的に接続される。二次巻線２５２の他端および二次巻線３５２の他端は、対応するスレーブモジュール１０４が有するモジュール制御部１４０の電源入力端子１２６と電気的に接続される。 Similarly, the secondary winding 352 is connected in series with the secondary winding 252. One end of the secondary winding 252 is electrically connected to the terminal 122 of the corresponding slave module 104. One end of the secondary winding 352 is electrically connected to the terminal 124 of the corresponding slave module 104. The other end of the secondary winding 252 and the other end of the secondary winding 352 are electrically connected to the power input terminal 126 of the module control unit 140 included in the corresponding slave module 104.
　ダイオード３５４は、一端が、二次巻線３５２の一端と電気的に接続され、他端が、端子３５８と電気的に接続される。ダイオード３５４は、二次巻線３５２の一端から端子３５８に向かって電流を流す向きに配される。キャパシタ３５６は、一端がダイオード３５４の他端および端子３５８と電気的に接続され、他端が、二次巻線２５２の一端と電気的に接続される。 The diode 354 has one end electrically connected to one end of the secondary winding 352 and the other end electrically connected to the terminal 358. The diode 354 is arranged in a direction in which current flows from one end of the secondary winding 352 toward the terminal 358. Capacitor 356 has one end electrically connected to the other end of diode 354 and terminal 358, and the other end electrically connected to one end of secondary winding 252.
　同様に、二次巻線３６２は、二次巻線２６２と直列に接続される。二次巻線２６２の一端は、対応するスレーブモジュール１０４の端子１２２と電気的に接続される。二次巻線３６２の一端は、対応するスレーブモジュール１０４の端子１２４と電気的に接続される。二次巻線２６２の他端および二次巻線３６２の他端は、対応するスレーブモジュール１０４が有するモジュール制御部１４０の電源入力端子１２６と電気的に接続される。 Similarly, the secondary winding 362 is connected in series with the secondary winding 262. One end of the secondary winding 262 is electrically connected to the terminal 122 of the corresponding slave module 104. One end of the secondary winding 362 is electrically connected to the terminal 124 of the corresponding slave module 104. The other end of the secondary winding 262 and the other end of the secondary winding 362 are electrically connected to the power input terminal 126 of the module control unit 140 included in the corresponding slave module 104.
　ダイオード３６４は、一端が、二次巻線３６２の一端と電気的に接続され、他端が、端子３６８と電気的に接続される。ダイオード３６４は、二次巻線３６２の一端から端子３６８に向かって電流を流す向きに配される。キャパシタ３６６は、一端がダイオード３６４の他端および端子３６８と電気的に接続され、他端が、二次巻線２６２の一端と電気的に接続される。 The diode 364 has one end electrically connected to one end of the secondary winding 362 and the other end electrically connected to the terminal 368. The diode 364 is arranged in a direction in which a current flows from one end of the secondary winding 362 toward the terminal 368. Capacitor 366 has one end electrically connected to the other end of diode 364 and terminal 368, and the other end electrically connected to one end of secondary winding 262.
　本実施形態によれば、直列に接続された２つの二次巻線のそれぞれは、スイッチング素子２７０のスイッチング動作により誘導された出力電力を、対応する蓄電部１１０に充電供給する。その結果、直列に接続された複数の蓄電部１１０の電圧を、複数の蓄電部１１０のそれぞれの間で再分配することができ、マスタモジュール１０２および１以上のスレーブモジュール１０４の間で電圧を均等化することができる。これにより、トランス３３０を、モジュール制御部１４０への電力の供給と、電圧の均等化とに利用することができる。なお、蓄電システム１００は、その他の方法により、マスタモジュール１０２および１以上のスレーブモジュール１０４の間で電圧を均等化してもよい。 According to the present embodiment, each of the two secondary windings connected in series charges and supplies the output power induced by the switching operation of the switching element 270 to the corresponding power storage unit 110. As a result, the voltages of the plurality of power storage units 110 connected in series can be redistributed between each of the plurality of power storage units 110, and the voltages are evenly distributed between the master module 102 and one or more slave modules 104. Can be As a result, the transformer 330 can be used to supply power to the module control unit 140 and equalize the voltage. The power storage system 100 may equalize the voltage between the master module 102 and the one or more slave modules 104 by other methods.
　図４は、温度制御部１９０の一例を概略的に示す。図４は、説明を簡単にする目的で、温度制御部１９０を、蓄電部１１０とともに示す。本実施形態において、温度制御部１９０は、ペルチェ素子４０と、ペルチェ素子４０に供給する電流の大きさおよび向きの少なくとも一方を調整する電流制御部４００とを備える。電流制御部４００は、駆動部４０２と、駆動部４０４と、駆動制御部４０６とを有する。 FIG. 4 schematically shows an example of the temperature control unit 190. FIG. 4 shows the temperature control unit 190 together with the power storage unit 110 for the purpose of simplifying the explanation. In the present embodiment, the temperature control unit 190 includes a Peltier element 40 and a current control unit 400 that adjusts at least one of the magnitude and direction of the current supplied to the Peltier element 40. The current control unit 400 includes a drive unit 402, a drive unit 404, and a drive control unit 406.
　本実施形態において、温度制御部１９０は、ペルチェ素子４０を用いて蓄電部１１０の温度を制御する。しかし、温度制御部１９０はこれに限定されない。例えば、ペルチェ素子４０の代わりに抵抗を用いて蓄電部１１０の温度を調整してもよい。 In the present embodiment, the temperature control unit 190 controls the temperature of the power storage unit 110 using the Peltier element 40. However, the temperature control unit 190 is not limited to this. For example, the temperature of the power storage unit 110 may be adjusted using a resistor instead of the Peltier element 40.
　なお、本実施形態において、駆動部４０２および駆動部４０４が、同一の駆動制御部４０６により制御される場合について説明する。しかし、駆動部４０２および駆動部４０４はこれに限定されない。駆動部４０２および駆動部４０４が、それぞれ、駆動制御部４０６を有してもよい。 In the present embodiment, the case where the drive unit 402 and the drive unit 404 are controlled by the same drive control unit 406 will be described. However, the drive unit 402 and the drive unit 404 are not limited to this. The drive unit 402 and the drive unit 404 may each include a drive control unit 406.
　まず、駆動部４０２および駆動部４０４について説明する。説明を簡単にする目的で、駆動部４０２を例として、駆動部４０２および駆動部４０４の構成および動作について説明する。駆動部４０４は駆動部４０２と同様の構成を有してよい。駆動部４０４の制御信号φ４４は、駆動部４０２の制御信号φ４２に対応する。駆動部４０４の制御信号φ４７１、制御信号φ４７２および制御信号φ４７３は、それぞれ、駆動部４０２の制御信号φ４６１、制御信号φ４６２および制御信号φ４６３に対応する。 First, the drive unit 402 and the drive unit 404 will be described. For the purpose of simplifying the description, the configuration and operation of the drive unit 402 and the drive unit 404 will be described using the drive unit 402 as an example. The drive unit 404 may have the same configuration as the drive unit 402. The control signal φ44 of the drive unit 404 corresponds to the control signal φ42 of the drive unit 402. Control signal φ471, control signal φ472, and control signal φ473 of drive unit 404 correspond to control signal φ461, control signal φ462, and control signal φ463 of drive unit 402, respectively.
　本実施形態において、駆動部４０２および駆動部４０４は、ペルチェ素子４０を駆動するＨブリッジ回路を構成する。駆動部４０２および駆動部４０４のそれぞれは、スイッチング素子４１０と、スイッチング素子４２０と、スイッチング素子４３０と、電圧供給部４４０とを有する。スイッチング素子４１０、スイッチング素子４２０およびスイッチング素子４３０のそれぞれは、駆動制御部４０６から供給される制御信号が入力される入力端子４１２、入力端子４２２および入力端子４３２を含んでよい。電圧供給部４４０は、キャパシタ４４２と、ダイオード４４３と、ダイオード４４４と、抵抗４４５と、抵抗４４６とを含んでよい。 In this embodiment, the drive unit 402 and the drive unit 404 constitute an H bridge circuit that drives the Peltier element 40. Each of the drive unit 402 and the drive unit 404 includes a switching element 410, a switching element 420, a switching element 430, and a voltage supply unit 440. Each of the switching element 410, the switching element 420, and the switching element 430 may include an input terminal 412, an input terminal 422, and an input terminal 432 to which a control signal supplied from the drive control unit 406 is input. The voltage supply unit 440 may include a capacitor 442, a diode 443, a diode 444, a resistor 445, and a resistor 446.
　スイッチング素子４１０は、一端が、ペルチェ素子４０の一端と電気的に接続される。スイッチング素子４１０の他端は、ペルチェ素子４０を駆動する蓄電部１１０の一端と電気的に接続される。スイッチング素子４１０の入力端子４１２には、制御信号φ４６１が入力される。スイッチング素子４１０は、入力端子４１２に入力される電圧の大きさに基づいて、オン状態およびオフ状態を切り替えてよい。スイッチング素子４１０は、ＭＯＳＦＥＴなどのトランジスタであってよい。 One end of the switching element 410 is electrically connected to one end of the Peltier element 40. The other end of the switching element 410 is electrically connected to one end of the power storage unit 110 that drives the Peltier element 40. A control signal φ461 is input to the input terminal 412 of the switching element 410. The switching element 410 may switch between an on state and an off state based on the magnitude of the voltage input to the input terminal 412. The switching element 410 may be a transistor such as a MOSFET.
　スイッチング素子４１０は、少なくとも、制御信号φ４６３に応じてオン状態およびオフ状態を切り替えてよい。本実施形態において、スイッチング素子４１０は、入力端子４１２に入力される制御信号φ４２に応じてオン状態およびオフ状態を切り替える。制御信号φ４２は、制御信号φ４６１、制御信号φ４６２および制御信号φ４６３に応じて変化する。例えば、制御信号φ４６１がオン信号であっても、スイッチング素子４３０がオン状態である場合には、制御信号φ４２はオフ信号となる。 The switching element 410 may switch between an on state and an off state according to at least the control signal φ463. In the present embodiment, the switching element 410 switches between an on state and an off state in accordance with a control signal φ42 input to the input terminal 412. Control signal φ42 changes according to control signal φ461, control signal φ462, and control signal φ463. For example, even if the control signal φ461 is an on signal, the control signal φ42 is an off signal when the switching element 430 is in an on state.
　また、スイッチング素子４２０がオフ時に４１０のソース電位が高まり、実質的に制御信号φ４６１がオフ信号となった場合であっても、スイッチング素子４３０がオフ状態であり、キャパシタ４４２に十分な電荷が充電されている場合には、制御信号φ４２はオン信号となる。キャパシタ４４２の充電状態は、スイッチング素子４１０がオンする前に制御信号φ４６１と制御信号φ４６２によりスイッチング素子４２０を短期間オンすることで制御されてよい。 Further, when the switching element 420 is turned off, the source potential of 410 is increased, and even when the control signal φ461 is substantially turned off, the switching element 430 is in the off state, and the capacitor 442 is charged with sufficient charge. If the control signal φ42 has been set, the control signal φ42 becomes an ON signal. The charging state of the capacitor 442 may be controlled by turning on the switching element 420 for a short period of time using the control signal φ461 and the control signal φ462 before the switching element 410 is turned on.
　スイッチング素子４２０は、一端が、ペルチェ素子４０の一端およびスイッチング素子４１０の一端と電気的に接続される。スイッチング素子４２０の他端は、基準電位４０８と電気的に接続される。スイッチング素子４２０の他端は、蓄電部１１０の他端と電気的に接続される。スイッチング素子４２０の入力端子４２２には、制御信号φ４６２が入力される。スイッチング素子４２０は、入力端子４２２に入力される電圧の大きさに基づいて、オン状態およびオフ状態を切り替えてよい。スイッチング素子４２０は、入力端子４２２に入力される制御信号φ４６２に応じてオン状態およびオフ状態を切り替えてよい。スイッチング素子４２０は、ＭＯＳＦＥＴなどのトランジスタであってよい。 Switching element 420 has one end electrically connected to one end of Peltier element 40 and one end of switching element 410. The other end of the switching element 420 is electrically connected to the reference potential 408. The other end of switching element 420 is electrically connected to the other end of power storage unit 110. A control signal φ 462 is input to the input terminal 422 of the switching element 420. The switching element 420 may switch between an on state and an off state based on the magnitude of the voltage input to the input terminal 422. The switching element 420 may switch between an on state and an off state in accordance with a control signal φ462 input to the input terminal 422. The switching element 420 may be a transistor such as a MOSFET.
　スイッチング素子４２０の閾値電圧は、スイッチング素子４３０の閾値電圧よりも大きくてよい。これにより、例えば、制御信号φ４６２およびφ４６３が、同一の制御用電源により生成され、ほぼ同時に供給された場合であっても、スイッチング素子４３０の方が、スイッチング素子４２０よりも先に、スイッチング動作を実施することができる。 The threshold voltage of the switching element 420 may be larger than the threshold voltage of the switching element 430. Thereby, for example, even when the control signals φ462 and φ463 are generated by the same control power supply and are supplied almost simultaneously, the switching element 430 performs the switching operation before the switching element 420. Can be implemented.
　スイッチング素子４３０は、一端が、スイッチング素子４１０の入力端子４１２およびキャパシタ４４２の一端と電気的に接続される。スイッチング素子４３０の他端は、基準電位４０８と電気的に接続される。スイッチング素子４３０の入力端子４３２には、制御信号φ４６３が入力される。スイッチング素子４３０は、入力端子４３２に入力される電圧の大きさに基づいて、オン状態およびオフ状態を切り替えてよい。スイッチング素子４３０は、入力端子４３２に入力される制御信号φ４６３に応じてオン状態およびオフ状態を切り替えてよい。スイッチング素子４３０は、ＭＯＳＦＥＴなどのトランジスタであってよい。 Switching element 430 has one end electrically connected to input terminal 412 of switching element 410 and one end of capacitor 442. The other end of the switching element 430 is electrically connected to the reference potential 408. A control signal φ463 is input to the input terminal 432 of the switching element 430. The switching element 430 may switch between an on state and an off state based on the magnitude of the voltage input to the input terminal 432. The switching element 430 may switch between an on state and an off state in accordance with a control signal φ463 input to the input terminal 432. The switching element 430 may be a transistor such as a MOSFET.
　スイッチング素子４３０がオン状態の場合、スイッチング素子４１０の入力端子４１２が、抵抗４４６を介して基準電位４０８と電気的に接続される。これにより、スイッチング素子４１０はオフ状態になる。一方、スイッチング素子４３０がオフ状態の場合、スイッチング素子４１０の入力端子４１２には、駆動制御部４０６および電圧供給部４４０から供給される電圧が引加される。入力端子４１２に引加された電圧がスイッチング素子４１０の閾値電圧よりも大きくなると、スイッチング素子４１０がオン状態になる。 When the switching element 430 is on, the input terminal 412 of the switching element 410 is electrically connected to the reference potential 408 through the resistor 446. Thereby, the switching element 410 is turned off. On the other hand, when the switching element 430 is in the off state, the voltage supplied from the drive control unit 406 and the voltage supply unit 440 is applied to the input terminal 412 of the switching element 410. When the voltage applied to the input terminal 412 becomes larger than the threshold voltage of the switching element 410, the switching element 410 is turned on.
　電圧供給部４４０は、スイッチング素子４１０の入力端子４１２に電圧を供給する。電圧供給部４４０は、スイッチング素子４２０がオフ状態である場合に、入力端子４１２に電圧を供給してよい。本実施形態においては、制御信号φ４６１が供給されている状態で、スイッチング素子４２０およびスイッチング素子４３０がオン状態からオフ状態に切り替えられ、電圧供給部４４０から入力端子４１２に電圧が供給される。 The voltage supply unit 440 supplies a voltage to the input terminal 412 of the switching element 410. The voltage supply unit 440 may supply a voltage to the input terminal 412 when the switching element 420 is in an off state. In the present embodiment, the switching element 420 and the switching element 430 are switched from the on state to the off state while the control signal φ461 is being supplied, and the voltage is supplied from the voltage supply unit 440 to the input terminal 412.
　キャパシタ４４２は、一端が、スイッチング素子４１０の入力端子４１２と電気的に接続される。キャパシタ４４２の他端は、スイッチング素子４１０の一端およびスイッチング素子４２０の一端と電気的に接続される。 One end of the capacitor 442 is electrically connected to the input terminal 412 of the switching element 410. The other end of the capacitor 442 is electrically connected to one end of the switching element 410 and one end of the switching element 420.
　キャパシタ４４２は、スイッチング素子４２０がオン状態の場合に充電される。スイッチング素子４２０がオン状態の場合、キャパシタ４４２の他端が基準電位４０８と電気的に接続される。これにより、キャパシタ４４２には、制御信号φ４６１の電圧と基準電位４０８との差に相当する電荷が充電される。なお、スイッチング素子４２０がオン状態の場合には、スイッチング素子４１０がオフ状態となるよう制御される。これにより、蓄電部１１０の一端および他端が短絡されるのを防止することができる。 The capacitor 442 is charged when the switching element 420 is on. When the switching element 420 is on, the other end of the capacitor 442 is electrically connected to the reference potential 408. As a result, the capacitor 442 is charged with a charge corresponding to the difference between the voltage of the control signal φ461 and the reference potential 408. Note that when the switching element 420 is in an on state, the switching element 410 is controlled to be in an off state. Thereby, it is possible to prevent one end and the other end of power storage unit 110 from being short-circuited.
　キャパシタ４４２は、スイッチング素子４２０がオフ状態である場合に、スイッチング素子４１０の入力端子４１２に、充電された電荷に応じた電圧を供給するよう制御される。本実施形態においては、制御信号φ４６１が供給されている状態で、スイッチング素子４３０がオン状態の場合に、短期間、スイッチング素子４２０がオン状態とされた後、スイッチング素子４２０、スイッチング素子４３０の順にオフ状態に切り替えられる。これにより、スイッチング素子４１０の入力端子４１２には、キャパシタ４４２から供給される電圧が引加される。 The capacitor 442 is controlled to supply a voltage corresponding to the charged electric charge to the input terminal 412 of the switching element 410 when the switching element 420 is in the OFF state. In the present embodiment, when the switching element 430 is in the on state while the control signal φ461 is being supplied, the switching element 420 is turned on for a short period of time, and then the switching element 420 and the switching element 430 in this order. Switched off. As a result, the voltage supplied from the capacitor 442 is applied to the input terminal 412 of the switching element 410.
　ダイオード４４３は、駆動制御部４０６およびキャパシタ４４２の一端の間に電気的に接続される。ダイオード４４３は、駆動制御部４０６の制御用電源４５０とキャパシタ４４２の一端との間に電気的に接続されてもよい。ダイオード４４３は、駆動制御部４０６からキャパシタ４４２の一端に電流を流す向きに配される。これにより、スイッチング素子４３０がオフ状態になった場合に、キャパシタ４４２に充電された電荷に応じた電圧が、入力端子４１２に印加される。 The diode 443 is electrically connected between the drive control unit 406 and one end of the capacitor 442. The diode 443 may be electrically connected between the control power supply 450 of the drive control unit 406 and one end of the capacitor 442. The diode 443 is arranged in a direction in which a current flows from the drive control unit 406 to one end of the capacitor 442. Thus, when the switching element 430 is turned off, a voltage corresponding to the charge charged in the capacitor 442 is applied to the input terminal 412.
　例えば、スイッチング素子４１０がＦＥＴである場合、スイッチング素子４１０がオン状態になると、スイッチング素子４１０のソースの電圧が上昇する。そのため、ゲートとソースとの間の電圧差が小さくなり、スイッチング素子４１０の動作が不安定になる。しかし、本実施形態によれば、駆動制御部４０６とキャパシタ４４２との間にダイオード４４３が配されており、スイッチング素子４１０をオン状態にする場合には、スイッチング素子４２０およびスイッチング素子４３０がオフ状態となるように制御される。 For example, when the switching element 410 is an FET, when the switching element 410 is turned on, the voltage of the source of the switching element 410 increases. Therefore, the voltage difference between the gate and the source becomes small, and the operation of the switching element 410 becomes unstable. However, according to the present embodiment, the diode 443 is disposed between the drive control unit 406 and the capacitor 442. When the switching element 410 is turned on, the switching element 420 and the switching element 430 are turned off. It is controlled to become.
　これにより、スイッチング素子４１０がオン状態となり、キャパシタ４４２の他端の電圧が上昇した場合であっても、キャパシタ４４２に充電された電荷に応じた電圧が、入力端子４１２に供給される。その結果、スイッチング素子４１０のオン状態を安定化させることができる。 Thereby, even when the switching element 410 is turned on and the voltage at the other end of the capacitor 442 is increased, a voltage corresponding to the charge charged in the capacitor 442 is supplied to the input terminal 412. As a result, the ON state of the switching element 410 can be stabilized.
　本実施形態において、ダイオード４４４は、キャパシタ４４２の一端および入力端子４１２の中間接続点と、スイッチング素子４１０の一端との間に電気的に接続される。ダイオード４４４は、スイッチング素子４１０の一端から、キャパシタ４４２の一端および入力端子４１２の中間接続点に電流を流す向きに配される。 In this embodiment, the diode 444 is electrically connected between one end of the capacitor 442 and the intermediate connection point of the input terminal 412 and one end of the switching element 410. The diode 444 is arranged in such a direction that current flows from one end of the switching element 410 to one end of the capacitor 442 and an intermediate connection point of the input terminal 412.
　本実施形態において、抵抗４４５は、キャパシタ４４２の一端と、ダイオード４４４および入力端子４１２の中間接続点との間に電気的に接続される。また、抵抗４４６は、抵抗４４５と、ダイオード４４４および入力端子４１２の中間接続点との間に電気的に接続される。抵抗４４５および抵抗４４６は、キャパシタ４４２の一端と、ダイオード４４４および入力端子４１２の中間接続点との間で、直列に接続されてよい。抵抗４４５および抵抗４４６の中間接続点は、スイッチング素子４３０の一端と電気的に接続されてよい。 In this embodiment, the resistor 445 is electrically connected between one end of the capacitor 442 and an intermediate connection point between the diode 444 and the input terminal 412. The resistor 446 is electrically connected between the resistor 445 and an intermediate connection point between the diode 444 and the input terminal 412. The resistor 445 and the resistor 446 may be connected in series between one end of the capacitor 442 and an intermediate connection point between the diode 444 and the input terminal 412. An intermediate connection point between the resistor 445 and the resistor 446 may be electrically connected to one end of the switching element 430.
　次に、駆動制御部４０６の構成について説明する。本実施形態において、駆動制御部４０６は、入力信号φ４６に基づいて駆動部４０２および駆動部４０４の動作を制御することで、ペルチェ素子４０の加熱または冷却を制御する。入力信号φ４６は、蓄電部１１０近傍に配された温度計の指示値と、目的とする温度との差を示す信号であってよい。 Next, the configuration of the drive control unit 406 will be described. In the present embodiment, the drive control unit 406 controls the heating or cooling of the Peltier element 40 by controlling the operations of the drive unit 402 and the drive unit 404 based on the input signal φ46. Input signal φ46 may be a signal indicating a difference between an instruction value of a thermometer arranged near power storage unit 110 and a target temperature.
　駆動制御部４０６は、制御信号φ４６１、制御信号φ４６２および制御信号φ４６３を生成して、駆動部４０２に供給する。これにより、駆動制御部４０６は、駆動部４０２の動作を制御する。駆動制御部４０６は、制御信号φ４７１、制御信号φ４７２および制御信号φ４７３を生成して、駆動部４０４に供給する。これにより、駆動制御部４０６は、駆動部４０４の動作を制御する。 The drive control unit 406 generates a control signal φ461, a control signal φ462, and a control signal φ463 and supplies them to the drive unit 402. Thereby, the drive control unit 406 controls the operation of the drive unit 402. The drive control unit 406 generates a control signal φ 471, a control signal φ 472, and a control signal φ 473, and supplies them to the drive unit 404. Thereby, the drive control unit 406 controls the operation of the drive unit 404.
　本実施形態において、制御信号φ４６１および制御信号φ４７１として、直流電圧が供給される。制御信号φ４６２および制御信号φ４７２は、それぞれ、対応するスイッチング素子４２０のオン・オフ動作を制御する。制御信号φ４６３および制御信号φ４７３は、それぞれ、対応するスイッチング素子４３０を通して、対応するスイッチング素子４１０のオン・オフ動作を制御する。 In the present embodiment, a DC voltage is supplied as the control signal φ461 and the control signal φ471. Control signal φ462 and control signal φ472 respectively control the on / off operation of corresponding switching element 420. Control signal φ463 and control signal φ473 control the on / off operation of corresponding switching element 410 through corresponding switching element 430, respectively.
　駆動制御部４０６は、パルス幅変調器などのパルス変調器であってよい。駆動制御部４０６は、制御信号の生成に用いる制御用電源４５０を含んでよい。制御用電源４５０は、蓄電部１１０から電力を供給されてもよい。 The drive control unit 406 may be a pulse modulator such as a pulse width modulator. The drive control unit 406 may include a control power source 450 used for generating a control signal. The power source for control 450 may be supplied with power from the power storage unit 110.
　次に、駆動制御部４０６の動作について説明する。第１に、本実施形態の駆動制御部４０６は、駆動部４０２および駆動部４０４を制御して、ペルチェ素子４０を流れる電流の向きを制御する。 Next, the operation of the drive control unit 406 will be described. First, the drive control unit 406 of the present embodiment controls the drive unit 402 and the drive unit 404 to control the direction of current flowing through the Peltier element 40.
　例えば、駆動部４０２のスイッチング素子４２０および駆動部４０４のスイッチング素子４１０をオン状態として、駆動部４０２のスイッチング素子４１０および駆動部４０４のスイッチング素子４２０をオフ状態とすることで、ペルチェ素子４０の一端から他端の方向（図中、上から下の方向）に電流が流れる。 For example, the switching element 420 of the driving unit 402 and the switching element 410 of the driving unit 404 are turned on, and the switching element 410 of the driving unit 402 and the switching element 420 of the driving unit 404 are turned off. A current flows in the direction from to the other end (from the top to the bottom in the figure).
　一方、駆動部４０２のスイッチング素子４１０および駆動部４０４のスイッチング素子４２０をオン状態として、駆動部４０２のスイッチング素子４２０および駆動部４０４のスイッチング素子４１０をオフ状態とすることで、ペルチェ素子４０の他端から一端の方向（図中、下から上の方向）に電流が流れる。 On the other hand, the switching element 410 of the driving unit 402 and the switching element 420 of the driving unit 404 are turned on, and the switching element 420 of the driving unit 402 and the switching element 410 of the driving unit 404 are turned off. Current flows in the direction from one end to the other (from the bottom to the top in the figure).
　第２に、本実施形態の駆動制御部４０６は、スイッチング素子４１０とスイッチング素子４２０とを交互にオン・オフ動作させる。例えば、駆動制御部４０６は、制御信号φ４６１を常に供給しながら、制御信号φ４６２および制御信号φ４６３を断続的に供給する。これにより、制御信号φ４６２が供給されている間、スイッチング素子４２０がオン状態となり、制御信号φ４６３が供給されている間、スイッチング素子４１０がオフ状態となる。 Second, the drive control unit 406 of this embodiment causes the switching element 410 and the switching element 420 to alternately turn on and off. For example, the drive control unit 406 supplies the control signal φ462 and the control signal φ463 intermittently while always supplying the control signal φ461. Accordingly, the switching element 420 is turned on while the control signal φ462 is being supplied, and the switching element 410 is turned off while the control signal φ463 is being supplied.
　このとき、キャパシタ４４２の充電および放電が交互に繰り返される。オン・オフ動作の間隔を適切に選択することで、キャパシタ４４２に蓄えられている電荷量が、スイッチング素子４１０を安定してオン動作させるのに必要な電荷量よりも大きな状態を維持することができる。 At this time, charging and discharging of the capacitor 442 are repeated alternately. By appropriately selecting the on / off operation interval, the amount of charge stored in the capacitor 442 can be maintained larger than the amount of charge required to stably turn on the switching element 410. it can.
　駆動制御部４０６は、駆動部４０２のスイッチング素子４１０がオフ状態であり、駆動部４０２のスイッチング素子４２０がオン状態である場合に、駆動部４０４のスイッチング素子４１０および駆動部４０４のスイッチング素子４２０を交互にオン・オフ動作させてよい。これにより、ペルチェ素子４０の一端から他端の方向（図中、上から下の方向）に流れるパルス電流を発生させることができる。駆動制御部４０６は、パルス電流の幅および周期を制御することにより、ペルチェ素子４０の加熱量または冷却量を制御することができる。 The drive control unit 406 switches the switching element 410 of the driving unit 404 and the switching element 420 of the driving unit 404 when the switching element 410 of the driving unit 402 is off and the switching element 420 of the driving unit 402 is on. Alternatively, the on / off operation may be performed alternately. As a result, a pulse current that flows in the direction from one end to the other end of the Peltier element 40 (from the top to the bottom in the figure) can be generated. The drive control unit 406 can control the amount of heating or cooling of the Peltier element 40 by controlling the width and period of the pulse current.
　同様に、駆動制御部４０６は、駆動部４０４のスイッチング素子４１０がオフ状態であり、駆動部４０４のスイッチング素子４２０がオン状態である場合に、駆動部４０２のスイッチング素子４１０および駆動部４０２のスイッチング素子４２０を交互にオン・オフ動作させてよい。これにより、ペルチェ素子４０の他端から一端の方向（図中、下から上の方向）に流れるパルス電流を発生させることができる。 Similarly, the drive control unit 406 switches the switching element 410 of the driving unit 402 and the driving unit 402 when the switching element 410 of the driving unit 404 is off and the switching element 420 of the driving unit 404 is on. The element 420 may be alternately turned on and off. Thereby, it is possible to generate a pulse current that flows in the direction from the other end of the Peltier element 40 to the one end (from the bottom to the top in the drawing).
　駆動制御部４０６は、ペルチェ素子４０の駆動を開始する場合、まず、スイッチング素子４１０がオフ状態であり、スイッチング素子４２０がオン状態となるように、スイッチング素子４１０およびスイッチング素子４２０を制御する。その後、スイッチング素子４１０とスイッチング素子４２０とを交互にオン・オフ動作させる。これにより、ペルチェ素子４０の駆動を開始する場合に、まず、キャパシタ４４２に電荷が充電される。その結果、ペルチェ素子４０の駆動を安定的に開始することができる。 When starting the driving of the Peltier element 40, the drive control unit 406 first controls the switching element 410 and the switching element 420 so that the switching element 410 is in the off state and the switching element 420 is in the on state. Thereafter, the switching element 410 and the switching element 420 are alternately turned on and off. Thus, when driving of the Peltier element 40 is started, first, the capacitor 442 is charged. As a result, the driving of the Peltier element 40 can be started stably.
　なお、本実施形態において、駆動制御部４０６が、制御信号φ４６１、制御信号φ４６２および制御信号φ４６３を用いて、スイッチング素子４１０およびスイッチング素子４２０を交互にオン・オフ動作させる場合について説明した。当該方法により、スイッチング素子４１０を安定的に動作させることができる。しかし、駆動制御部４０６によるスイッチング素子４１０およびスイッチング素子４２０の制御方法はこれに限定されない。キャパシタ４４２の特性と、スイッチング素子４１０の特性と、制御信号φ４６１および制御信号φ４６２のパルス幅および周期とを適切に選択することで、制御信号φ４６１および制御信号φ４６２を用いて、スイッチング素子４１０およびスイッチング素子４２０を交互にオン・オフ動作させてもよい。 In the present embodiment, the case where the drive control unit 406 performs the on / off operation of the switching element 410 and the switching element 420 alternately using the control signal φ461, the control signal φ462, and the control signal φ463 has been described. By this method, the switching element 410 can be stably operated. However, the method of controlling the switching element 410 and the switching element 420 by the drive control unit 406 is not limited to this. By appropriately selecting the characteristics of the capacitor 442, the characteristics of the switching element 410, and the pulse widths and periods of the control signal φ461 and the control signal φ462, the control signal φ461 and the control signal φ462 are used to switch the switching element 410 and the switching element 410. The element 420 may be alternately turned on and off.
　第３に、本実施形態の駆動制御部４０６は、スイッチング素子４１０およびスイッチング素子４２０の両方が同時にオン状態とならないように、スイッチング素子４１０とスイッチング素子４２０とを制御する。これにより、蓄電部１１０の一端と他端とが短絡することを防止する。駆動制御部４０６は、制御信号φ４６１、制御信号φ４６２および制御信号φ４６３の発停のタイミングを制御することで、より確実に短絡を防止してよい。 Thirdly, the drive control unit 406 of the present embodiment controls the switching element 410 and the switching element 420 so that both the switching element 410 and the switching element 420 are not turned on at the same time. This prevents a short circuit between one end and the other end of power storage unit 110. The drive control unit 406 may prevent a short circuit more reliably by controlling the timing of starting and stopping the control signal φ461, the control signal φ462, and the control signal φ463.
　例えば、スイッチング素子４３０は、制御信号φ４６３が供給された瞬間にオン状態になるのではなく、入力端子４３２に引加される電圧が閾値電圧より大きくなるまでスイッチング素子４３０はオフ状態が維持される。そのため、制御信号φ４６２と制御信号φ４６３とを同時に供給すると、スイッチング素子４２０およびスイッチング素子４３０の特性によっては、スイッチング素子４１０がオフ状態になる前にスイッチング素子４２０がオン状態になる場合がある。 For example, the switching element 430 is not turned on at the moment when the control signal φ463 is supplied, but the switching element 430 is kept off until the voltage applied to the input terminal 432 becomes larger than the threshold voltage. . Therefore, when the control signal φ462 and the control signal φ463 are supplied simultaneously, depending on the characteristics of the switching element 420 and the switching element 430, the switching element 420 may be turned on before the switching element 410 is turned off.
　そこで、駆動制御部４０６は、スイッチング素子４２０をオン動作させる場合に、制御信号φ４６３の電圧がスイッチング素子４３０の閾値電圧以上の大きさになるまで、スイッチング素子４２０がオフ状態を維持するようにスイッチング素子４２０を制御してよい。または、スイッチング素子４２０をオン動作させる場合に、制御信号φ４６２の電圧がスイッチング素子４２０の閾値電圧以上の大きさになる前に、スイッチング素子４３０がオン状態となるようにスイッチング素子４３０を制御してよい。 Therefore, when the switching element 420 is turned on, the drive control unit 406 performs switching so that the switching element 420 is maintained in the OFF state until the voltage of the control signal φ463 becomes equal to or larger than the threshold voltage of the switching element 430. Element 420 may be controlled. Alternatively, when the switching element 420 is turned on, the switching element 430 is controlled so that the switching element 430 is turned on before the voltage of the control signal φ462 becomes larger than the threshold voltage of the switching element 420. Good.
　例えば、駆動制御部４０６は、制御信号φ４６２を供給してからスイッチング素子４２０がオン状態になるまでの時間と、制御信号φ４６３を供給してからスイッチング素子４３０がオン状態になるまでの時間とを考慮して、制御信号φ４６３を供給した後、予め定められた時間が経過した後、制御信号φ４６２を供給する。これにより、スイッチング素子４１０およびスイッチング素子４２０の両方がオン状態となることを防止できる。 For example, the drive control unit 406 includes a time from when the control signal φ462 is supplied until the switching element 420 is turned on, and a time after the control signal φ463 is supplied until the switching element 430 is turned on. Considering this, after supplying the control signal φ463, the control signal φ462 is supplied after a predetermined time has elapsed. Thereby, it can prevent that both the switching element 410 and the switching element 420 will be in an ON state.
　また、スイッチング素子４２０およびスイッチング素子４３０をオフ動作させる場合、または、ペルチェ素子４０の駆動を停止する場合に、制御信号φ４６２および制御信号φ４６３が同時に停止すると、スイッチング素子４２０およびスイッチング素子４３０の特性によっては、スイッチング素子４３０が、スイッチング素子４２０よりも先にオフ状態になる場合がある。このとき、キャパシタ４４２の充電状態によっては、スイッチング素子４１０およびスイッチング素子４２０の両方がオン状態となる場合がある。 Further, when the switching element 420 and the switching element 430 are turned off, or when the driving of the Peltier element 40 is stopped, if the control signal φ462 and the control signal φ463 are simultaneously stopped, the characteristics of the switching element 420 and the switching element 430 are changed. In some cases, the switching element 430 is turned off before the switching element 420. At this time, depending on the state of charge of the capacitor 442, both the switching element 410 and the switching element 420 may be turned on.
　そこで、駆動制御部４０６は、制御信号φ４６３の電圧がスイッチング素子４３０の閾値電圧以下の大きさになる前に、スイッチング素子４２０がオフ状態となるようにスイッチング素子４２０を制御してもよい。これにより、スイッチング素子４２０およびスイッチング素子４３０をオフ状態にして、スイッチング素子４１０をオン状態にするときに、スイッチング素子４３０よりも先にスイッチング素子４２０をオフ状態にすることができる。その結果、スイッチング素子４１０およびスイッチング素子４２０の両方がオン状態となることを防止できる。 Therefore, the drive control unit 406 may control the switching element 420 so that the switching element 420 is turned off before the voltage of the control signal φ463 becomes equal to or smaller than the threshold voltage of the switching element 430. Accordingly, when the switching element 420 and the switching element 430 are turned off and the switching element 410 is turned on, the switching element 420 can be turned off before the switching element 430. As a result, both the switching element 410 and the switching element 420 can be prevented from being turned on.
　以上、本発明を実施の形態を用いて説明したが、本発明の技術的範囲は上記実施の形態に記載の範囲には限定されない。上記実施の形態に、多様な変更または改良を加えることが可能であることが当業者に明らかである。その様な変更または改良を加えた形態も本発明の技術的範囲に含まれ得ることが、請求の範囲の記載から明らかである。 As mentioned above, although this invention was demonstrated using embodiment, the technical scope of this invention is not limited to the range as described in the said embodiment. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications or improvements can be added to the above-described embodiment. It is apparent from the scope of the claims that the embodiments added with such changes or improvements can be included in the technical scope of the present invention.
　請求の範囲、明細書、および図面中において示した装置、システム、プログラム、および方法における動作、手順、ステップ、および段階等の各処理の実行順序は、特段「より前に」、「先立って」等と明示しておらず、また、前の処理の出力を後の処理で用いるのでない限り、任意の順序で実現しうることに留意すべきである。請求の範囲、明細書、および図面中の動作フローに関して、便宜上「まず、」、「次に、」等を用いて説明したとしても、この順で実施することが必須であることを意味するものではない。 The execution order of each process such as operations, procedures, steps, and stages in the apparatus, system, program, and method shown in the claims, the description, and the drawings is particularly “before” or “prior”. It should be noted that they can be implemented in any order unless the output of the previous process is used in the subsequent process. Regarding the operation flow in the claims, the description, and the drawings, even if it is described using “first”, “next”, etc. for the sake of convenience, it means that it is essential to carry out in this order. is not.
　１００　蓄電システム、１０２　マスタモジュール、１０４　スレーブモジュール、１０６　外部端子、１０７　外部端子、１０８　スイッチ素子、１１０　蓄電部、１２２　端子、１２４　端子、１２６　電源入力端子、１３０　スイッチ素子、１４０　モジュール制御部、１５０　電力供給部、１５２　電力分配部、１５４　端子、１６２　端子、１６４　端子、１７２　端子、１７４　端子、１９０　温度制御部、２１０　蓄電セル、２２０　バランス補正部、２３０　トランス、２３２　一次巻線、２４２　二次巻線、２４４　ダイオード、２４６　キャパシタ、２５２　二次巻線、２５４　ダイオード、２５６　キャパシタ、２６２　二次巻線、２６４　ダイオード、２６６　キャパシタ、２７０　スイッチング素子、２７２　電力供給制御部、２８０　筐体、３３０　トランス、３４２　二次巻線、３４４　ダイオード、３４６　キャパシタ、３４８　端子、３５０　電力供給部、３５１　電力分配部、３５２　二次巻線、３５４　ダイオード、３５６　キャパシタ、３５８　端子、３６２　二次巻線、３６４　ダイオード、３６６　キャパシタ、３６８　端子、４０　ペルチェ素子、４００　電流制御部、４０２　駆動部、４０４　駆動部、４０６　駆動制御部、４０８　基準電位、４１０　スイッチング素子、４１２　入力端子、４２０　スイッチング素子、４２２　入力端子、４３０　スイッチング素子、４３２　入力端子、４４０　電圧供給部、４４２　キャパシタ、４４３　ダイオード、４４４　ダイオード、４４５　抵抗、４４６　抵抗、４５０　制御用電源 100 power storage system, 102 master module, 104 slave module, 106 external terminal, 107 external terminal, 108 switch element, 110 power storage unit, 122 terminal, 124 terminal, 126 power input terminal, 130 switch element, 140 module control unit, 150 power Supply unit, 152 power distribution unit, 154 terminal, 162 terminal, 164 terminal, 172 terminal, 174 terminal, 190 temperature control unit, 210 storage cell, 220 balance correction unit, 230 transformer, 232 primary winding, 242 secondary winding , 244 diode, 246 capacitor, 252 secondary winding, 254 diode, 256 capacitor, 262 secondary winding, 264 diode, 266 capacitor, 270 switching element, 272 Force supply control unit, 280 housing, 330 transformer, 342 secondary winding, 344 diode, 346 capacitor, 348 terminal, 350 power supply unit, 351 power distribution unit, 352 secondary winding, 354 diode, 356 capacitor, 358 Terminal, 362 secondary winding, 364 diode, 366 capacitor, 368 terminal, 40 Peltier element, 400 current control unit, 402 drive unit, 404 drive unit, 406 drive control unit, 408 reference potential, 410 switching element, 412 input terminal , 420 switching element, 422 input terminal, 430 switching element, 432 input terminal, 440 voltage supply unit, 442 capacitor, 443 diode, 444 diode, 445 resistance, 446 resistance, 450 control Power

Claims (7)

  1. 　直列に接続された複数の蓄電モジュールと、
    　前記複数の蓄電モジュールを外部と電気的に接続する一対の外部端子と、
    　を有する蓄電システムであって、
    　前記複数の蓄電モジュールのそれぞれは、
    　蓄電部と、
    　前記蓄電部の一端および前記一対の外部端子の一方の間に電気的に接続される第１の端子と、
    　前記蓄電部の他端および前記一対の外部端子の他方の間に電気的に接続される第２の端子と、
    　前記蓄電部の一端および前記第１の端子の間を電気的に接続する第１のスイッチング素子と、
    　前記第１のスイッチング素子のオン・オフ動作を制御するモジュール制御部と、
    　を有し、
    　前記複数の蓄電モジュールの少なくとも１つは、前記一対の外部端子に電力が供給された場合に、前記複数の蓄電モジュールのそれぞれが有する前記モジュール制御部に電力を供給する電力供給部を有する、
    　蓄電システム。     A plurality of power storage modules connected in series;
    A pair of external terminals for electrically connecting the plurality of power storage modules to the outside;
    A power storage system comprising:
    Each of the plurality of power storage modules is
    A power storage unit;
    A first terminal electrically connected between one end of the power storage unit and one of the pair of external terminals;
    A second terminal electrically connected between the other end of the power storage unit and the other of the pair of external terminals;
    A first switching element that electrically connects one end of the power storage unit and the first terminal;
    A module control unit for controlling on / off operation of the first switching element;
    Have
    At least one of the plurality of power storage modules has a power supply unit that supplies power to the module control unit included in each of the plurality of power storage modules when power is supplied to the pair of external terminals.
    Power storage system.
  2. 　前記電力供給部と前記一対の外部端子の一方との間、または、前記電力供給部と前記一対の外部端子の他方との間を電気的に接続する第２のスイッチング素子またはコネクタをさらに備える、
    　請求項１に記載の蓄電システム。     A second switching element or a connector that electrically connects between the power supply unit and one of the pair of external terminals or between the power supply unit and the other of the pair of external terminals;
    The power storage system according to claim 1.
  3. 　前記モジュール制御部は、前記第１のスイッチング素子のオン・オフ動作を制御する制御信号を、前記第１のスイッチング素子に供給し、
    　前記第１のスイッチング素子は、前記制御信号を受信していない場合にオフ状態であり、前記制御信号を受信した場合にオン状態になる、
    　請求項１または請求項２に記載の蓄電システム。     The module control unit supplies a control signal for controlling an on / off operation of the first switching element to the first switching element;
    The first switching element is in an off state when the control signal is not received and is turned on when the control signal is received.
    The power storage system according to claim 1 or 2.
  4. 　前記電力供給部は、
    　一次巻線および複数の二次巻線を含むトランスと、
    　一端が、前記一対の外部端子の一方または他方と電気的に接続され、他端が、前記一次巻線の一端と電気的に接続される第３のスイッチング素子と、
    　前記第３のスイッチング素子のオン・オフ動作を制御する電力供給制御部と、
    　を有し、
    　前記複数の二次巻線のそれぞれは、前記複数の蓄電モジュールのそれぞれが有する複数の前記モジュール制御部のそれぞれと電気的に接続される、
    　請求項１から請求項３までの何れか一項に記載の蓄電システム。     The power supply unit
    A transformer including a primary winding and a plurality of secondary windings;
    A third switching element having one end electrically connected to one or the other of the pair of external terminals and the other end electrically connected to one end of the primary winding;
    A power supply control unit for controlling the on / off operation of the third switching element;
    Have
    Each of the plurality of secondary windings is electrically connected to each of the plurality of module control units included in each of the plurality of power storage modules.
    The electrical storage system as described in any one of Claim 1- Claim 3.
  5. 　前記複数の二次巻線のそれぞれは、第１の巻線および第２の巻線を有し、
    　前記第１の巻線の一端は、前記複数の蓄電モジュールのうちの対応する蓄電モジュールの第１の端子と電気的に接続され、
    　前記第２の巻線の一端は、前記対応する蓄電モジュールの第２の端子と電気的に接続され、
    　前記第１の巻線の他端および前記第２の巻線の他端は、前記対応する蓄電モジュールが有する前記モジュール制御部の電源入力端子と電気的に接続される、
    　請求項４に記載の蓄電システム。     Each of the plurality of secondary windings has a first winding and a second winding,
    One end of the first winding is electrically connected to a first terminal of a corresponding power storage module among the plurality of power storage modules,
    One end of the second winding is electrically connected to the second terminal of the corresponding power storage module,
    The other end of the first winding and the other end of the second winding are electrically connected to a power input terminal of the module control unit of the corresponding power storage module,
    The power storage system according to claim 4.
  6. 　前記蓄電部は、
    　直列に接続された複数の蓄電セルと、
    　前記複数の蓄電セルの電圧を均等化させるバランス補正部と、
    　を有し、
    　前記モジュール制御部は、前記バランス補正部の動作を制御する、
    　請求項１から請求項５までの何れか一項に記載の蓄電システム。     The power storage unit
    A plurality of storage cells connected in series;
    A balance correction unit for equalizing the voltages of the plurality of power storage cells;
    Have
    The module control unit controls the operation of the balance correction unit;
    The power storage system according to any one of claims 1 to 5.
  7. 　前記複数の蓄電モジュールのそれぞれは、前記蓄電部から電力を供給され、前記蓄電部の温度を制御する温度制御部をさらに有する、
    　請求項１から請求項６までの何れか一項に記載の蓄電システム。     Each of the plurality of power storage modules further includes a temperature control unit that is supplied with power from the power storage unit and controls the temperature of the power storage unit.
    The power storage system according to any one of claims 1 to 6.
PCT/JP2012/005188 2011-08-31 2012-08-17 Energy storage system WO2013031125A1 (en)

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