WO2013027818A1 - 混合物の分離方法及び分離装置 - Google Patents
混合物の分離方法及び分離装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2013027818A1 WO2013027818A1 PCT/JP2012/071391 JP2012071391W WO2013027818A1 WO 2013027818 A1 WO2013027818 A1 WO 2013027818A1 JP 2012071391 W JP2012071391 W JP 2012071391W WO 2013027818 A1 WO2013027818 A1 WO 2013027818A1
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Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03C1/00—Magnetic separation
- B03C1/32—Magnetic separation acting on the medium containing the substance being separated, e.g. magneto-gravimetric-, magnetohydrostatic-, or magnetohydrodynamic separation
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03C1/00—Magnetic separation
- B03C1/02—Magnetic separation acting directly on the substance being separated
- B03C1/025—High gradient magnetic separators
- B03C1/031—Component parts; Auxiliary operations
- B03C1/032—Matrix cleaning systems
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03C1/00—Magnetic separation
- B03C1/02—Magnetic separation acting directly on the substance being separated
- B03C1/025—High gradient magnetic separators
- B03C1/031—Component parts; Auxiliary operations
- B03C1/033—Component parts; Auxiliary operations characterised by the magnetic circuit
- B03C1/034—Component parts; Auxiliary operations characterised by the magnetic circuit characterised by the matrix elements
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03C1/00—Magnetic separation
- B03C1/02—Magnetic separation acting directly on the substance being separated
- B03C1/28—Magnetic plugs and dipsticks
- B03C1/286—Magnetic plugs and dipsticks disposed at the inner circumference of a recipient, e.g. magnetic drain bolt
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03C1/00—Magnetic separation
- B03C1/02—Magnetic separation acting directly on the substance being separated
- B03C1/30—Combinations with other devices, not otherwise provided for
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03C2201/00—Details of magnetic or electrostatic separation
- B03C2201/18—Magnetic separation whereby the particles are suspended in a liquid
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method and apparatus for separating a mixture that separates a mixture containing two types of particles, or separates a specific type of particles from such a mixture.
- Patent Document 1 Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2002-59026 discloses a method for separating a mixture using the magnetic Archimedes effect (Patent Document 1).
- a plastic mixture composed of a plurality of types of diamagnetic solid plastic particles suspended or settled in a paramagnetic support liquid is added to a magnetic field having a magnetic field gradient (hereinafter, “ By applying a “gradient magnetic field”), each plastic particle is suspended at a position corresponding to its type.
- HGMS high gradient magnetic separation
- JP 2002-59026 A JP-T-2004-533915
- the magnetic susceptibility of the support liquid and the paramagnetic particles are compared with those when the diamagnetic particles are suspended. Since the difference is small, it is necessary to apply a gradient magnetic field having a very large magnetic field and / or magnetic field gradient. However, if an attempt is made to generate a gradient magnetic field necessary for floating the paramagnetic particles, the burden on the device for generating the magnetic field increases.
- Increasing the concentration of the paramagnetic substance (e.g., paramagnetic inorganic salt) dissolved in the support liquid and increasing the magnetic susceptibility of the support liquid increases the magnetic field and / or magnetic field gradient required to suspend the paramagnetic particles.
- the size can be reduced.
- an increase in the concentration of the paramagnetic substance is not preferable because the viscosity of the support liquid is increased and the time required for separating the mixture is increased.
- the particle size of the mixture is small, the influence of the viscosity of the supporting liquid appears significantly in the separation step.
- a support liquid in which a paramagnetic substance is dissolved at a high concentration is not preferable because it is difficult to recycle or dispose of the support liquid. For these reasons, a separation method using the magnetic Archimedes effect has not been utilized in separating a mixture containing paramagnetic particles.
- the paramagnetic particles are collected by the magnetic filter, but the diamagnetic particles are suspended in the medium. It remains cloudy. Therefore, when it is necessary to recover the diamagnetic particles from the medium, it is necessary to separately perform the separation and recovery step of the diamagnetic particles before and after the separation step by the HGMS method, which is added to the apparatus for the HGMS method. Thus, a separate apparatus for separating and collecting the diamagnetic particles is also required.
- the present invention relates to a separation method and apparatus for a mixture that separates a mixture containing two kinds of particles, or separates a specific kind of particles from such a mixture, and has an apparatus configuration as compared with a conventional method. It is an object of the present invention to provide a mixture separation method and separation apparatus that can reduce the above burden and can be efficiently processed in a short time, and solve the above-mentioned problems.
- a mixture containing first particles and second particles of different types is separated according to the type of particles by applying a gradient magnetic field to a paramagnetic support liquid containing the mixture.
- the magnetic susceptibility of the first particles is lower than the magnetic susceptibility of the support liquid
- the magnetic susceptibility of the second particles is higher than the magnetic susceptibility of the support liquid
- the magnetic particles in the separation tank provided with magnetic filter means are provided. Applying the gradient magnetic field to a support liquid and stirring the support liquid, suspending the first particles in the support liquid by a magnetic Archimedes effect, and the magnetic filter means excited by the gradient magnetic field, Collecting the second particles in the lifting fluid.
- the mixture separation apparatus of the present invention separates a mixture containing first particles and second particles of different types according to the type of particles by applying a gradient magnetic field to a paramagnetic support liquid containing the mixture.
- a separation apparatus for a mixture that separates the first particles or the second particles from the mixture by applying a gradient magnetic field to a paramagnetic support liquid including a mixture containing first particles and second particles different from each other,
- the magnetic susceptibility of the first particles is lower than the magnetic susceptibility of the support liquid
- the magnetic susceptibility of the second particles is higher than the magnetic susceptibility of the support liquid
- a separation tank in which the support liquid is stored or sent.
- the gradient magnetic field is at least above the magnetic filter means so that the first particles float in the support liquid or on the liquid surface by the magnetic Archimedes effect. May be applied.
- a horizontal magnetic force acts on the first particles by the gradient magnetic field, and the first particles are laterally or externally moved by the magnetic force. May be collected in that area.
- the first particles may be collected so as to be positioned at substantially the same height in the support liquid.
- the gradient magnetic field is axisymmetric with respect to a central axis along the vertical direction, and the magnetic field gradient of the gradient magnetic field has a vertical component and a radial component.
- a magnetic force along a radial direction may be applied to the first particles so as to be away from the central axis.
- the first particles are formed of a diamagnetic material or a paramagnetic material
- the second particles are formed of a paramagnetic material or an antiferromagnetic material.
- the support liquid may be an aqueous solution of a paramagnetic inorganic salt.
- the magnetic filter means may include a net formed of a ferromagnetic material, and the gradient magnetic field may be applied substantially perpendicularly to the net.
- the separation of the mixture is efficient in a short time.
- the magnetic filter means is excited by the gradient magnetic field generated to cause the magnetic Archimedes effect, the device configuration is simpler than the case where the separation process is performed using the conventional method.
- the first particles and the second particles are not greatly separated in the vertical direction.
- One particle and the second particle can be separated by type. Therefore, the magnetic susceptibility of the supporting liquid can be reduced compared with the conventional separation method and apparatus using the magnetic Archimedes effect, and as a result, the viscosity of the supporting liquid, that is, the resistance of particles in the supporting liquid is reduced.
- the separation process can be performed quickly or efficiently.
- the particle collection regions are separated from those in the conventional separation method or apparatus using the magnetic Archimedes effect. The separation distance and the separation accuracy can be improved by increasing the separation distance.
- the mixture processed by the method and apparatus for separating a mixture of the present invention includes first particles and second particles of different types (more specifically, different substances to be formed) and is suspended in a support liquid. Separation process is performed in the state.
- the magnetic susceptibility of the first particles (more specifically, the volume susceptibility; the same applies hereinafter) is lower than the magnetic susceptibility of the supporting liquid used in the present invention, and the magnetic susceptibility of the second particles is the magnetic susceptibility of the supporting liquid. Higher than.
- the support liquid has paramagnetism, and for example, an aqueous solution of a paramagnetic inorganic salt is used as the support liquid of the present invention.
- Paramagnetic inorganic salts used in the support liquid of the present invention include manganese chloride, cobalt chloride, nickel chloride, ferrous chloride, cobalt nitrate, nickel nitrate, gadolinium nitrate, dysprosium nitrate and terbium nitrate.
- the concentration of the paramagnetic inorganic salt in the support liquid is not limited or restricted.
- the first particles of the mixture treated in the present invention may be formed of a diamagnetic material.
- the first particles may be formed of glass (silica) or plastic (such as nylon or polyethylene terephthalate).
- the first particles may be formed of a paramagnetic material such as aluminum.
- the second particles of the mixture treated in the present invention may be formed of a paramagnetic material or an antiferromagnetic material.
- the second particles may be formed of titanium (paramagnetic material) or nickel oxide (antiferromagnetic material).
- the second particles may be formed of a ferromagnetic material such as iron, nickel, or maghemite.
- the material forming the first and second particles is not limited.
- the first particles are formed of a diamagnetic material
- the second particles are formed of a paramagnetic material or an antiferromagnetic material.
- the present invention can also be applied to the case where the particles are formed of a paramagnetic material (for example, titanium) and the second particles are formed of a ferromagnetic material (for example, maghemite). Further, if the magnetic susceptibility of the first particle is lower than the magnetic susceptibility of the supporting liquid and the magnetic susceptibility of the second particle is higher than the magnetic susceptibility of the supporting liquid, both the first particle and the second particle are formed of a paramagnetic material. May be.
- a paramagnetic material for example, titanium
- a ferromagnetic material for example, maghemite
- the particle size or average particle size of the first particle and the second particle is not limited, but the particle size or average particle size of these particles will be about several microns to several centimeters.
- the shape of the particles is not limited.
- the mixture may be generated, for example, by crushing or pulverizing a mass composed of a plurality of substances, and the shape of particles included in the mixture may not be uniform or the same.
- the first particle is supported by the magnetic Archimedes effect (that is, the vertical magnetic force due to the gradient magnetic field (the second term in the above equation)) at a balanced height or position where the apparent weight of the above equation is zero.
- the balance height depends on the density and magnetic susceptibility of the first particles.
- the second particles in the supporting liquid are collected using the magnetic filter means.
- the magnetic filter means has been used to adsorb paramagnetic substances and ferromagnetic substances by the HGMS method.
- the magnetic filter means of the present invention one or a plurality of mesh plates formed of ferromagnetic thin wires, expanded metal or punching metal, or a large number of prisms or spheres formed of a ferromagnetic material can be used.
- a shape suitable for the apparatus implementing the present invention may be selected.
- the first particles are suspended in the support liquid (or the liquid surface of the support liquid) by the magnetic Archimedes effect as described above, or the magnetic First particles are settled on the bottom surface of the separation tank by the Archimedes effect, and the first particles are arranged at a substantially constant height in the vertical direction. Further, as described below, the first particles may be collected in a region in the separation tank that is laterally or outwardly separated from the magnetic filter means by applying a lateral or horizontal magnetic force by a gradient magnetic field. As described above, the second particles are collected by the magnetic filter means.
- the magnetic field gradient of the gradient magnetic field may have a horizontal component ( ⁇ B / ⁇ x and / or ⁇ B / ⁇ y) in addition to the vertical component ( ⁇ B / ⁇ z) ( x and y are horizontal coordinates orthogonal to each other).
- the gradient magnetic field may have a horizontal component. If the magnetic field gradient of the gradient magnetic field has a horizontal component in addition to the vertical component, or if the gradient magnetic field has a horizontal component, it is expressed similar to the second term of the above apparent weight equation.
- the horizontal magnetic force acting on the first particles causes the first particles to move in the horizontal direction. Along with the movement in the horizontal direction, the floating height of the first particles may change.
- the first particle floats or settles due to the magnetic Archimedes effect, and x It moves along the axis and finally at the wall surface of the separation tank at a substantially constant height in the vertical direction, that is, the balance height at which the apparent weight is zero, the liquid level of the supporting liquid is the separation tank (May be collected on the top or bottom of a shelf provided in the separation tank).
- the magnetic filter means on the opposite side of the wall surface in the separation tank, the first particles move laterally away from the magnetic filter means.
- the second particle is opposite to the first particle because a magnetic force opposite to the force applied to the first particle (located at the same position as the second particle) is applied to the second particle. It moves in the direction, approaches the magnetic filter means, and is collected. Thereby, the first particles and the second particles are separated in the horizontal direction.
- the first particle is magnetic Archimedes. Depending on the effect, it may float or settle in the support liquid, move in the radial direction (as radiated from the central axis) by the radial magnetic force, and finally be collected on the wall surface of the separation tank.
- the first particles are arranged at the balance height, the liquid surface of the supporting liquid, the bottom surface of the separation tank, or the like.
- the magnetic filter means In order to improve the separation accuracy by increasing the separation distance between the collection region of the first particles and the magnetic filter means for collecting the second particles (and further increasing the excitation of the magnetic filter means by the gradient magnetic field). It is desirable to arrange the magnetic filter means in the vicinity of the central axis of the gradient magnetic field or so as to cross or be orthogonal to the central axis.
- a solenoid type superconducting electromagnet, a superconducting bulk magnet, a normal conducting electromagnet, or a permanent magnet may be used as a magnetic field generating means for generating a gradient magnetic field, and is limited as long as the effects of the present invention can be obtained.
- the magnetic filter means is preferably arranged in the vicinity of the magnetic pole of the magnetic field generating means or in a region where the gradient magnetic field is large.
- the magnetic field generation means may include a plurality of magnets, and the gradient magnetic field may be a combination of magnetic fields generated by these magnets.
- the magnetic field generating means floats or sinks the first particles by the magnetic Archimedes effect, and applies a vertical gradient magnetic field that excites the magnetic filter means, and a horizontal gradient that moves the first particles laterally.
- a second magnet that provides a magnetic field. Further, the second magnet may generate a gradient magnetic field intermittently or at a predetermined cycle.
- the difference between the magnetic susceptibility ⁇ 2 of the second particle and the magnetic susceptibility ⁇ of the supporting liquid is small (for example, the second particle is a paramagnetic material or an antiferromagnetic material), the gradient magnetic field at the apparent weight of the above equation is reduced.
- the effect of the dependent term is small.
- the horizontal or radial magnetic force that moves the second particles laterally is small.
- the particle size of the second particles is small, the movement of the second particles in the support liquid is likely to be affected by hydrodynamic effects. Since a strong magnetic force acts on the second particles only in the vicinity of the magnetic filter means, even if a gradient magnetic field is applied, some of the second particles having a small particle size are collected by the magnetic filter means. Instead, it can happen that there is something that remains suspended in the support liquid. Furthermore, there may be a situation where some of the second particles precipitated on the bottom surface of the separation tank at a location away from the magnetic filter means do not move as they are.
- the second particles suspended or precipitated at a place away from the magnetic filter means may be guided to the magnetic filter means.
- the time which a separation process requires is shortened, or the area
- mechanical stirring, vibration stirring, jet stirring, gas blowing stirring, ultrasonic stirring, or the like may be used, and a plurality of stirring techniques may be used in combination.
- the agitation causes a flow toward the magnetic filter means to occur in the support liquid.
- the flow of the supporting liquid in the separation tank may be used for separation and recovery of the first particles and the second particles.
- the gradient magnetic field uses a gradient magnetic field that is axisymmetric with respect to the central axis along the vertical direction, and the first particles are collected on the inner wall of the cylindrical separation tank (the first embodiment described later).
- Collection may be assisted by flow.
- the first particles may be recovered from the separation tank by generating a flow in the supporting liquid (see the fifth embodiment described later).
- the depth of the supporting liquid in the separation tank (the distance from the bottom surface of the separation tank to the supporting liquid) is not limited.
- the first particles are collected by moving to the lateral or outward region of the magnetic filter means by the horizontal magnetic force generated by the gradient magnetic field (for example, first to fifth embodiments described later)
- the first particles The collection region and the collection region of the second particles can be greatly separated laterally or in the horizontal direction or the radial direction. Therefore, in this case, since it is not necessary to separate the first particles and the second particles in the vertical direction, the depth of the supporting liquid in the separation tank may be relatively shallow (for example, the first particles may be the supporting liquid). It may move horizontally while floating on the liquid surface).
- the first particles when the first particles are moved and collected to the lateral or outer region of the magnetic filter means by the horizontal magnetic force generated by the gradient magnetic field, the first particles are caused to float higher or lower by the magnetic Archimedes effect. Since it is not necessary, it is not necessary to increase the volume magnetic susceptibility of the supporting liquid as compared with the conventional method. Therefore, according to the present invention, the concentration of the paramagnetic inorganic salt in the supporting liquid, and hence the viscosity of the supporting liquid, can be reduced, and the time required for the separation treatment of the mixture can be shortened.
- FIG. 1 is an explanatory view showing an outline of a mixture separation device according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
- the separation apparatus is connected to the storage tank (1) through a flow path provided with a first valve (3) and a first pump (5), and a storage tank (1) in which the supporting liquid containing the mixture is stored. And a bottomed cylindrical separation tank (7).
- the separation tank (7) has a cylindrical shape and is made of a non-magnetic (low magnetic susceptibility) material such as glass, plastic, or non-magnetic metal (aluminum or non-magnetic stainless steel).
- the first pump (5) is used to flush the supporting liquid from the storage tank (1) to the separation tank (7), and the first valve (3) is appropriately opened and closed according to the process performed in the separation apparatus.
- the mixture to be separated is appropriately put into the supporting liquid.
- the supporting liquid is appropriately replenished to the storage tank (1) as necessary.
- the first particles contained in the mixture are indicated by black triangles ( ⁇ ) and the second particles are indicated by white circles ( ⁇ ) (in FIG. 1, the first particles and the second particles in the separation tank (7) are shown. The illustration of the particles is omitted).
- an aqueous solution of a paramagnetic inorganic salt for example, a 5 wt% manganese chloride aqueous solution
- the first particles are made of a diamagnetic material such as glass (silica)
- the second particles are made of a paramagnetic material such as titanium or an antiferromagnetic material such as nickel oxide.
- the supporting liquid in which the first particles and the second particles are suspended is discharged into the separation tank (7) from the discharge port provided near the center of the bottom surface of the separation tank (7).
- the magnetic filter means (9) is horizontally disposed above the support liquid discharge port.
- two rectangular mesh plates formed of ferromagnetic thin wires are used as the magnetic filter means (9). These mesh plates are arranged on the bottom surface of the separation tank (7), for example, in a state where they are stacked one above the other. The number of mesh plates may be changed as appropriate.
- a magnetic field generating means (11) for generating a gradient magnetic field is provided below the separation tank (7).
- a solenoid type superconducting magnet is used as the magnetic field generating means (11), and its coil central axis A (indicated by a one-dot chain line in FIG. 1) is arranged vertically.
- the gradient magnetic field generated by the magnetic field generation means (11) is axisymmetric with respect to the coil center axis A, and the magnetic field gradient has a vertical component and a radial component (except on the coil center axis A). ing.
- the magnetic field generation means (11) generates a magnetic field so as to be vertically downward on the coil center axis A, and the magnetic field has a radial component at a location away from the coil center axis A.
- the diameter of the circular bottom surface of the separation tank (7) is sufficiently larger than the bore diameter of the magnetic field generating means (11), and is applied to the supporting liquid in the separation tank (7).
- the gradient magnetic field varies along the radial direction.
- the two rectangular mesh plates constituting the magnetic filter means (9) are substantially perpendicular to the coil central axis A of the magnetic field generating means (11) so that they are excited by a large gradient magnetic field. Has been placed.
- the cylindrical separation tank (7) is disposed coaxially with the coil of the magnetic field generation means (11).
- the separation tank (7) is provided with a stirring means (13) for stirring the supporting liquid.
- a stirring blade immersed in a supporting liquid stored in the separation tank (7) is used.
- the stirring blade is rotated by a driving means (not shown) to generate a flow toward the magnetic filter means (9) in the supporting liquid in the separation tank (7).
- an ultrasonic generator may be used, and the supporting liquid may be stirred by ultrasonic waves.
- One end of a flow path for collecting the support liquid is immersed in the support liquid in the separation tank (7), and the flow path is appropriately opened and closed according to a process performed in the separation device (15 ) And a second pump (17) that pushes the supporting liquid, and is connected from the separation tank (7) to the storage tank (1).
- This flow path is used to return the supporting liquid from which the first particles and the second particles have been removed (to some extent or almost) to the storage tank (1).
- the support liquid to the separation tank (7) is set so that the amount of the support liquid in the separation tank (7) is substantially constant. Inflow and outflow are adjusted.
- the first particles contained in the support liquid sent from the storage tank (1) to the separation tank (7) float above the magnetic filter means (9) by the magnetic Archimedes effect. Furthermore, it moves in the radial direction.
- the trajectory of the first particles sent to the separation tank (7) is radial with the coil central axis A as the center. As the distance from the coil central axis A decreases, the gradient magnetic field decreases, so the height of the first particles also decreases.
- the balance height at which the apparent weight of the first particles becomes zero is lower than the bottom surface of the separation tank (7), the first particles reach the bottom surface of the separation tank (7) and move in the radial direction above it. To the edge of the wall or bottom of the separation tank (7).
- the first particles may float in the liquid surface of the separation tank (7) or move in the radial direction to reach the inner wall of the separation tank (7), and near the center of the separation tank (7). It floats on the liquid surface of (7) and its height may decrease as it moves in the radial direction. Further, the first particles may reach the inner wall of the separation tank (7) and float stably at the balance height. Furthermore, a shelf is provided on the inner wall of the separation tank (7) (for example, an annular belt-shaped member extending inward from the inner wall of the separation tank (7)), and faces the inner wall of the separation tank (7). When the balance height of the first particles reaches the upper surface of the shelf, the first particles may be configured to move on the shelf.
- the inlet of the flow path for collecting the first particles is provided on the inner wall of the separation tank (7).
- the flow path includes a third valve (19) that is appropriately opened and closed according to a process performed in the separation device, and a third pump (21) for sucking the first particles. Used to suck and send to a storage tank (not shown). While the first valve (3) and the second valve (15) are opened and the supporting liquid is circulating between the storage tank (1) and the separation tank (7), the third valve (19) Closed. When the supporting liquid circulates between the storage tank (1) and the separation tank (7), the first particles accumulated at the bottom edge of the separation tank (7) increase with the passage of time.
- the supporting liquid sent from the storage tank (1) to the separation tank (7) is configured to flow toward the magnetic filter means (9). Most of the second particles contained in the supporting liquid sent from the storage tank (1) to the separation tank (7) are captured by the magnetic filter means (9). At this time, the second particles that have not been captured by the magnetic filter means (9) are stirred by the supporting liquid so that the stirring means (13) flows toward the magnetic filter means (9). Returned to 9) and captured, or returned to reservoir (1) with supporting liquid.
- the stirring of the supporting liquid by the stirring means (13) is such that the collected second particles do not leave the magnetic filter means (9) and the collected first particles do not leave the edge of the bottom surface of the separation tank (7). To be.
- the magnetic filter means (9) is disposed on the support liquid discharge port, but in the embodiment of the present invention, the magnetic filter means of the flow of the support liquid discharged to the separation tank (7).
- the direction for (9) is not limited.
- the supporting liquid is discharged from above the magnetic filter means (9) toward the magnetic filter means (9) through the flow path connected to the storage tank (1) via the first valve (3) and the first pump (5). You may comprise.
- FIG. 4 is a top view of the separation tank (7), in which the second particles ( ⁇ ) are captured by the magnetic filter means (9) and the first particles ( ⁇ ) on which the radial magnetic force F acts. Shows a state of being accumulated in an annular shape along the edge of the bottom surface of the separation tank (7).
- a step of opening the third valve (19) and sucking and collecting the first particles is performed.
- grains is performed after the process of 1st particle
- the flow path includes a fourth valve (23) that is appropriately opened and closed according to a process performed in the separation device, and a fourth pump (25) that pushes the supporting liquid out of the separation tank (7).
- the third valve (19) is closed, the magnetic field generating means (11) is demagnetized or demagnetized, and the closed fourth valve (23) is opened.
- the second particles released from the magnetic filter means (9) are sucked together with the supporting liquid into a storage tank (not shown).
- the second particles may be peeled off from the magnetic filter means (9) by rotating the stirring blade of the stirring means (13) at a high speed.
- the separation device of the present embodiment may be configured such that the second particle recovery step is performed when the first particle recovery step is performed a predetermined number of times.
- FIG. 7 is an explanatory view showing an outline of a mixture separation apparatus according to the second embodiment of the present invention.
- the suction tube (27) for sucking the first particles is positioned so that one end thereof is located near the edge of the bottom surface of the separation tank (7). Further, it is arranged vertically close to the inner wall of the separation tank (7).
- the suction pipe (27) is configured to be movable in a circle along the inner wall of the separation tank (7) by a drive mechanism (not shown). By collecting the first particles accumulated on the edge of the separation tank (7) while moving the suction pipe (27), the time required for collecting the first particles is shortened.
- the first particles may be recovered by fixing the position of the suction pipe (27) and rotating the separation tank (7) around the central axis. Since the separation device of the second embodiment is configured in the same manner as the device of the first embodiment except that the suction tube (27) is used for collecting the first particles, further explanation regarding the second embodiment is provided. Is omitted.
- FIG. 8 is an explanatory view showing an outline of a mixture separation device according to a third embodiment of the present invention.
- a cylindrical collection member (31) is used as a means for collecting the first particles.
- an upward tapered surface portion (33) formed in a frustum shape extends inward from the lower end of the recovery member (31).
- a recess is formed by the inner wall of (31) and the tapered surface portion (33).
- the collection member (31) is disposed so as to fit into the separation tank (7), and is raised or lowered by an elevating means (not shown).
- the recovery member (31) is placed on the bottom surface of the separation tank (7), and the first particles are, as shown in FIG. 9, the inner wall of the recovery member (31) and the tapered surface portion (33). It moves toward the annular recess formed by the FIG. 10 is a top view showing the separation tank (7) and the recovery member (31) after the separation step is completed.
- FIG. 10 when the first particles moved by the action of the radial magnetic force F accumulate in the depression and the second particles are captured by the magnetic filter means (9), as shown in FIG.
- the collection member (31) is raised and the accumulated first particles are taken out from the separation tank (7). Since the separation device of the third embodiment is configured in the same manner as the device of the first embodiment except that the collection member (31) is used to collect the first particles, further explanation regarding the third embodiment is provided. Is omitted.
- FIG. 12 is an explanatory diagram showing an outline of a mixture separation device according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention.
- a rectangular separation tank (7) is used, and the magnetic field generation means (11) is applied to the supporting liquid in the separation tank (7) in the vertical direction (z direction) gradient magnetic field B 1.
- a second magnet (43) for moving the magnet in the horizontal direction.
- the first magnet (41) is a superconducting bulk magnet formed in a columnar shape or a disk shape, and its circular magnetic pole surface is considerably larger than the bottom surface of the separation tank (7).
- the second magnet (43) is a solenoid-type superconducting electromagnet and is arranged so that its coil central axis is horizontal.
- the second particles ( ⁇ ) are captured by the magnetic filter means (9), and the first particles ( ⁇ ) move toward the right wall surface of the separation tank (7) by the magnetic force F in the horizontal direction. It floats on the wall surface at a balanced height or on the surface of the supporting liquid, or is collected at the bottom edge of the separation tank (7) at the lower end of the wall surface.
- FIG. 13 is a top view of the separation tank (7) after the separation step is performed. Except for these points, the apparatus of the fourth embodiment is configured in the same manner as the apparatus of the first embodiment and operates in the same manner, and thus further description regarding the apparatus of the fourth embodiment is omitted.
- FIG. 14 is a top view of a separation tank of a mixture separation device according to a fifth embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. 15 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line CC of FIG.
- the separation tank (7) provided in the device of the fifth embodiment is coaxial with the annular belt-shaped bottom (71), the cylindrical inner wall (73) connected to the inner edge of the bottom (71), and the inner wall (73). And a cylindrical outer wall (75) connected to the outer edge of the bottom (71). Below the bottom (71) of the separation tank (7), magnetic field generating means (11) is arranged below the bottom (71) of the separation tank (7).
- a superconducting bulk magnet formed in a columnar shape or a disk shape is used, and the central axis A ′ of the magnetic field generating means (11) is arranged vertically.
- the separation tank (7) is positioned with respect to the magnetic field generation means (11) so that the central axis of the inner wall (73) or the outer wall (75) overlaps the central axis A ′ of the magnetic field generation means (11).
- the magnetic field generating means (11) for example, a solenoid type superconducting electromagnet may be used instead of the superconducting bulk magnet.
- the inner diameter of the bottom (71) of the separation tank (7) is preferably made larger than the bore diameter of the coil of the electromagnet.
- An annular magnetic filter means (9) arranged so as to be fitted to the inner wall (73) is placed on the bottom (71).
- the magnetic filter means (9) uses a ferromagnetic band-shaped net or punching metal having an annular outer shape, and its width is made shorter than the width of the bottom (71) of the ring-shaped band.
- the magnetic filter means (9) may be formed in a cylindrical shape so as to be fitted to the inner wall (73).
- the separation tank (7) has an inflow pipe (61) for introducing a supporting liquid in which a mixture containing the first particles ( ⁇ ) and the second particles ( ⁇ ) is suspended, and a separation tank (7 ) And an outflow pipe (63) for discharging the supporting liquid.
- the supporting liquid is stored between the inner wall (73) and the outer wall (75) of the separation tank (7).
- a storage tank for supporting liquid (including a mixture) not shown
- a pump for feeding the supporting liquid, and the like are provided on the upstream side of the inflow pipe (61).
- the amount of the support liquid stored in the separation tank (7) is maintained constant by adjusting the flow rate of the support liquid sent from the inflow pipe (61), for example.
- both the inflow pipe (61) and the outflow pipe (63) are disposed so as to penetrate the outer wall (75) of the separation tank (7) and to be in contact with the inner surface of the outer wall (75).
- the inflow pipe (61) is disposed close to the bottom (71), and the outflow pipe (63) is disposed above the inflow pipe (61).
- the inflow pipe (61) and the outflow pipe (63) are arranged so that the supporting liquid coming out of the inflow pipe (61) immediately flows out of the outflow pipe (61) so as to generate an annular flow of the supporting liquid in the separation tank (7). It is arranged not to enter 63).
- the magnetic field generating means (11) applies a gradient magnetic field as described in the first embodiment to the supporting liquid in the separation tank (7). Due to the gradient magnetic field, the first particles in the supporting liquid exiting from the inflow pipe (61) are levitated in the separation tank (7) to a balanced height where the apparent weight is zero due to the magnetic Archimedes effect. At the same time, the magnetic force F in the radial direction acts on the inner wall of the outer wall (75) to be arranged or collected (in FIG. 15, the first particles behind the inner wall (73) are indicated by white triangles ( ⁇ ). The first particles floating at the equilibrium height on the inner surface of the outer wall (75) move in the circumferential direction by the flow of the supporting liquid (swirl flow) in the separation tank (7).
- the first particles floating at the balance height are discharged from the outflow pipe (63) to the outside of the separation tank (7) together with the supporting liquid, and the illustration is omitted.
- the first particles exiting the inflow pipe (61) (75) along is sent to the circumferential length of around 3 moves to the outflow pipe of 4 minutes (63).
- the second particles in the supporting liquid in the separation tank (7) are collected by the magnetic filter means (9).
- the second particles collected by the magnetic filter means (9) are collected, for example, by being sucked by a suction tube (not shown).
- supply of the supporting liquid to the separation tank (7) is stopped (or a supporting liquid not containing a mixture is introduced into the separation tank (7)), and the first particles are separated from the separation tank (7).
- the supporting liquid is separated from the outflow pipe (63). 7), and discharge the supporting liquid together with the first particles from the inflow pipe (61) (by replacing the roles of the inflow pipe (61) and the outflow pipe (63) with each other). Is separated and recovered.
- the first to fifth embodiments described above correspond to cases where the density of the first particles and the second particles is larger than the density of the supporting liquid.
- the separation devices of the first to fifth embodiments are appropriately changed.
- the magnetic field generating means (11) is provided on the surface of the supporting liquid stored in the separation tank (7), and generates a gradient magnetic field so that the first particles settle.
- the magnetic filter means (9) is arranged near the lower end of the magnetic field generating means (11) in the supporting liquid of the separation tank (7).
- the stirring means (13) is arranged near the bottom surface of the separation tank (7).
- the flow path for collecting the first particles and the second particles, the arrangement and shape of the suction pipe (27) and the collection member (31) are appropriately changed.
- the supporting liquid will be introduced from the outflow pipe (63) into the separation tank (7), and the supporting liquid will be discharged from the inflow pipe (61).
- the gradient magnetic field applied to the supporting liquid in the separation tank (7) is such that the first particles are supported by the magnetic Archimedes effect at least above the magnetic filter means (9). Applied to float in or on the liquid surface. Furthermore, it is preferable that the first particles are applied so as to float in the support liquid or on the liquid surface by the magnetic Archimedes effect in the region where the first particles are collected (and in the vicinity thereof). . When the density of the first particles and the second particles is lower than the density of the supporting liquid, the first particles are suspended or separated in the supporting liquid by the magnetic Archimedes effect at least below the magnetic filter means (9).
- the arrangement of the apparatus of these embodiments is changed so that it is arranged on the bottom of the tank. Furthermore, in the region where the first particles are collected (and the region in the vicinity thereof), the first particles are applied so as to float in the support liquid or settle on the bottom surface of the separation tank by the magnetic Archimedes effect. Is preferred.
- FIG. 16 is an explanatory diagram showing an overview of a mixture separation device according to a sixth embodiment of the present invention. Similar to the previous embodiment, the separation device of the sixth embodiment is provided with a storage tank (1) for storing a supporting liquid containing a mixture, a first valve (3) and a first pump (5). And a separation tank (7) connected to the storage tank (1) via a flow path.
- the first pump (5) is used to introduce the supporting liquid from the storage tank (1) to the separation tank (7), and the first valve (3) is appropriately opened and closed according to the process performed in the separation apparatus. .
- the mixture to be separated is appropriately put into the supporting liquid. Further, the supporting liquid is appropriately replenished to the storage tank (1) as necessary.
- the first particles contained in the mixture are indicated by black triangles ( ⁇ ), and the second particles are indicated by white circles ( ⁇ ) (in FIG. 16, the first particles and second particles in the separation tank (7) are shown. The illustration of the particles is omitted).
- an aqueous solution of a paramagnetic inorganic salt for example, a 10 wt% manganese chloride aqueous solution
- the first particles are formed of a diamagnetic material such as glass (silica)
- the second particles are formed of a paramagnetic material or an antiferromagnetic material such as titanium or nickel oxide.
- concentration of the aqueous solution of the paramagnetic inorganic salt is increased (the magnetic susceptibility of the supporting liquid is increased) as compared with the first to fifth embodiments.
- the supporting liquid in which the first particles and the second particles are suspended is discharged into the separation tank (7) from the discharge port provided on the side wall near the bottom surface of the separation tank (7). Is done. Above the support liquid discharge port, the bottom of the separation tank (7) is covered and close to the bottom of the separation tank (7).
- the magnetic filter means (9) is arranged horizontally.
- a magnetic field generating means (11) for generating a gradient magnetic field is provided below the separation tank (7).
- a cylindrical or disk-shaped superconducting bulk magnet is used as the magnetic field generating means (11) .
- a downward gradient magnetic field whose size decreases monotonically in the vertical upward direction is generated in the separation tank (7).
- the separation tank (7) is made of a non-magnetic material, and the surface formed by the two mesh plates as the magnetic filter means (9) is arranged substantially perpendicular to the gradient magnetic field.
- the horizontal or radial component of the magnetic field and the horizontal or radial component of the magnetic field gradient may be made zero or extremely small in the separation tank (7).
- horizontal or radial magnetic force may act on the first particles, and in this case, the first particles are collected in an annular shape along the inner wall of the separation tank (7).
- a stirring blade immersed in the supporting liquid stored in the separation tank (7) is used as the stirring means (13).
- the stirring blade is rotated by a driving means (not shown) to generate a flow toward the magnetic filter means (9).
- the stirring blade is preferably provided at a position away from the floating or balancing position of the first particles in the vertical direction.
- the stirring blade is a surface of the supporting liquid stored in the separation tank (7). These are arranged between the balance positions of the first particles described later.
- the supporting liquid may be agitated by generating a swirling flow in the supporting liquid in the separation tank by the stirring blade.
- a suction port for a flow path for collecting the supporting liquid is provided.
- the flow path includes a second valve (15) that is appropriately opened and closed according to a process performed in the separation device, and a second pump (17) that pushes the supporting liquid from the separation tank (7) to the storage tank (1). And is used to return the support liquid from which the first and second particles have been removed (to some extent or nearly) to the reservoir (1). While the support liquid circulates between the storage tank (1) and the separation tank (7), the support liquid to the separation tank (7) is set so that the amount of the support liquid in the separation tank (7) is substantially constant. Inflow and outflow are adjusted.
- the first particles contained in the support liquid sent from the storage tank (1) to the separation tank (7) move upward through the magnetic filter means (9). Then, the first particles float and are collected at a substantially balanced height (a height at which the apparent weight becomes zero) in the supporting liquid in the separation tank (7) by the magnetic Archimedes effect.
- a suction port of a flow path for collecting the first particles is provided on the side wall of the separation tank (7).
- the flow path includes a third valve (19) that is appropriately opened and closed according to a process performed in the separation device, and a third pump (21) for sucking the first particles. Used to suck and send to a storage tank (not shown). While the first valve (3) and the second valve (15) are opened and the supporting liquid is circulating between the storage tank (1) and the separation tank (7), the third valve (19) Closed.
- the first particles collected in the balance height in the supporting liquid stored in the separation tank (7) To increase.
- the agitating means (13) agitates the supporting liquid, the first particles in a region far away from the balanced height are guided to the balanced height and collected. Some of the first particles are returned to the reservoir (1) together with the supporting liquid.
- the degree of agitation of the supporting liquid by the agitation means (13) is adjusted so that the first particles induced to the balanced height are substantially maintained at the height or restricted to the height. .
- the first particles in the support liquid are suspended and collected in a balance height or position according to the magnetic susceptibility and density of the first particles in the support liquid by the magnetic Archimedes effect. If the particle size of the first particles is small or the viscosity of the supporting liquid is high, the movement of the first particles in the supporting liquid of the separation tank (7) is likely to be affected by hydrodynamic effects. Therefore, if the particle size of the first particles is small or the viscosity of the supporting liquid is high, the first particles in a region far away from the balanced height where the apparent weight is zero become suspended in the supporting liquid. There is a tendency to maintain. It takes a very long time for the first particles in such a region to move to the vicinity of the balance height by natural sedimentation or the like and to obtain the magnetic Archimedes effect.
- the supporting liquid in the separation tank (7) is stirred by the stirring means (13) in a state where a gradient magnetic field is applied, so that the apparent weight is zero at a place away from the balanced position.
- the suspended first particles are induced and restrained in a height region or range in which the Archimedes effect (including the balance height) works effectively. Thereby, the time required for the separation process is shortened. Furthermore, stirring of the supporting liquid is also effective in suppressing the aggregation of the first particles and the second particles.
- the stirring of the supporting liquid by the stirring means (13) is performed so as not to prevent the collection of the first particles by the magnetic Archimedes effect.
- the collected first particles are placed at a substantially balanced height in the support liquid (in practice, the height of each particle is slightly shifted due to particle contact or other factors). Occurs).
- the strength of stirring for example, the number of revolutions of the stirring blade, the first particles can be collected in the support liquid at substantially the same balance height even during stirring, or the balance height can be increased. It is possible to constrain to a certain height region including the height.
- the supporting liquid sent from the storage tank (1) to the separation tank (7) was sent from the storage tank (1) to the separation tank (7) by passing through the magnetic filter means (9). Most of the second particles contained in the support liquid are captured by the magnetic filter means (9). At this time, the second particles that have not been captured by the magnetic filter means (9) are either returned to the magnetic filter means (9) and captured or supported by the stirring means (13) stirring the supporting liquid. The liquid is returned to the storage tank (1).
- the supporting liquid circulates between the storage tank (1) and the separation tank (7), the second particles collected in the magnetic filter means (9) increase with time.
- the first valve (3) and the second valve (15) are closed, and the circulation of the supporting liquid between the storage tank (1) and the separation tank (7) is stopped. To do. Thereafter, as shown in FIG. 18, the support liquid stored in the separation tank (7) is continuously stirred for a predetermined time, thereby collecting the first particles suspended in the region away from the balance height. The second particles suspended in the region away from the magnetic filter means (9) are collected.
- the stirring means (13) is stopped. When the stirring means (13) is stopped, the distribution of the collected first particles in the vertical direction becomes narrow so as to converge to the balanced height.
- a step of opening the third valve (19) and collecting the first particles suspended at substantially the same balance height by the magnetic Archimedes effect is executed.
- a step of collecting the second particles is executed.
- the third valve (19) is closed, as shown in FIG. 20, the second particles are peeled from the magnetic filter means (9) by rotating the stirring blade of the stirring means (13) at a high speed.
- a suction port for a flow path for collecting the second particles is provided on the side wall of the separation tank (7).
- the flow path includes a fourth valve (23) that is appropriately opened and closed according to a process performed in the separation device, and a fourth pump (25) that pushes the supporting liquid out of the separation tank (7).
- the closed fourth valve (23) is opened, and the second particles peeled off from the magnetic filter means (9) are sent to the storage tank (not shown) together with the supporting liquid. .
- the second particles may be peeled off from the magnetic filter means (9) and recovered together with the supporting liquid.
- the gradient magnetic field applied to the magnetic filter means (9) is weakened by moving the magnetic field generation means (11) downward.
- the current may be adjusted to demagnetize or demagnetize the magnetic filter means (9).
- the separation device of the sixth embodiment may be configured such that the second particle recovery step is performed when the first particle recovery step is performed a predetermined number of times.
- the sixth embodiment corresponds to a case where the density of the first particles and the second particles is larger than the density of the supporting liquid.
- the configuration of the separation device shown in FIG. 16 is changed.
- the magnetic field generating means (11) is provided near the liquid surface of the supporting liquid stored in the separation tank (7), and applies an upward gradient magnetic field whose magnitude monotonously decreases downward in the vertical direction to the supporting liquid.
- the magnetic filter means (9) is disposed in the supporting liquid of the separation tank (7) near the magnetic field generation means (11) and substantially perpendicular to the gradient magnetic field
- the stirring means (13) is a bottom surface of the separation tank (7). Will be placed nearby.
- the supporting liquid will be supplied from the upper part of the side wall of the separation tank (7), and the supporting liquid will be discharged from the lower part of the side wall of the separation tank (7) and returned to the storage tank (1).
- the mixture includes the first particles and the second particles.
- these particles are different types of particles, that is, the third particles.
- Particles may be included in the mixture.
- the third particles are formed of, for example, a diamagnetic material, and may be arranged above or below the first particles and collected separately from the first particles by the magnetic Archimedes effect.
- the third particles are, for example, a ferromagnetic material, and may be captured by the magnetic filter means (9) together with the second particles.
- the present invention is also applicable to the case where only the first particles or the second particles are separated and recovered from the mixture. Obviously we can do it. Even when one or more types of particles having different types from the first particles and the second particles are contained in the mixture, the first particles or the second particles are collected or collected separately from the other particles by the above-described method. Thus, it is obvious that only the first particles or the second particles can be separated and recovered from the mixture.
- a petri dish including a supporting liquid in which titanium particles and glass particles are suspended and two metal meshes is stored in a cylindrical shape containing a cylindrical superconducting bulk magnet ( ⁇ 60 mm ⁇ h20 mm). It was placed on the upper end surface of the vacuum vessel (note that, as shown in FIG. 23, a brown cloth tape was attached to the upper end surface of the vacuum vessel for photography).
- the petri dish was arranged so that the center of the circular upper end surface of the vacuum vessel and the bottom center of the petri dish overlapped. As a result, a gradient magnetic field that is axisymmetric with respect to the central axis (of the magnet) along the vertical direction was applied to the supporting liquid in the petri dish.
- the magnitude of the gradient magnetic field decreased outward along the radial direction, and the magnetic field gradient and the magnetic field had a radial component in addition to the vertical component.
- the maximum value of the applied gradient magnetic field was about 5 T (Tesla) at the center of the upper end face of the vacuum vessel.
- size of the vertical component of the applied magnetic field gradient was about 300 T / m in the center of the said end surface.
- the glass particles moved toward the inner wall surface of the petri dish, and immediately accumulated (in less than 1 second) in an annular shape on the bottom edge of the petri dish. Further, when the supporting liquid in the petri dish is stirred for about 5 to 10 seconds using a stirring rod, the titanium particles suspended in the supporting liquid are adsorbed on the wire mesh as shown in FIG. Separated separately, the support liquid became clear. A small amount of titanium particles was deposited on the bottom of the petri dish around the wire mesh, but the titanium particles and glass particles contained in the mixture were well separated by type. For example, by increasing the number of wire meshes or increasing the gradient magnetic field, titanium particles deposited on the bottom of the petri dish can be captured by the wire mesh.
- the magnetic filter means by applying a gradient magnetic field in a paramagnetic support liquid in which a mixture of diamagnetic particles (glass particles) and paramagnetic particles (titanium particles) is suspended, the magnetic filter means It was confirmed that the diamagnetic particles were collected in a region away from the (wire mesh), and the paramagnetic particles could be collected by the magnetic filter means excited by the applied gradient magnetic field. Furthermore, based on the present invention, it was confirmed that diamagnetic particles or paramagnetic particles could be separated from such a mixture.
- the present invention makes it possible for It was confirmed that the magnetic particles can be separated by type, or that the diamagnetic particles or paramagnetic particles can be separated from the mixture.
- a vial including a supporting liquid in which titanium particles and glass particles are suspended and two nets is placed on the upper end surface of the above-described vacuum container containing a superconducting bulk magnet.
- a vertically upward gradient magnetic field having a magnetic field gradient having a vertical component was applied to the supporting liquid in the vial.
- the vial was placed so that the center of the bottom surface was located at the center of the upper end surface of the vacuum vessel.
- the supporting liquid in the vial When a gradient magnetic field is applied to the supporting liquid in the vial, the supporting liquid is positioned approximately 20 mm above the upper end face of the vacuum vessel (magnitude of magnetic field: about 1.2 T, magnetic field gradient: about 70 T / m). A collection of glass particles floating inside was confirmed. Then, when the supporting liquid in the vial was stirred for 3 minutes using a stirring rod (agglomeration of glass (silica) particles was confirmed at the above-mentioned position during stirring), as shown in FIG. The titanium particles suspended in the liquid were adsorbed on the wire mesh, and the titanium particles and the glass particles were well separated. Although a slight amount of titanium particles adhered to the inner wall of the vial, the transparent support liquid was visually confirmed.
- the glass particles are floating above the two metal meshes used as the magnetic filter means in the supporting liquid.
- the supporting liquid floats on the liquid surface of the supporting liquid.
- the glass particles float on the surface of the supporting liquid due to the magnetic Archimedes effect above the two metal meshes. It will be understood that the movement is toward the inner wall surface.
- the titanium particles and the glass particles were suspended, and the supporting liquid was cloudy black in the third example.
- a gradient magnetic field was applied to the supporting liquid in the vial, a collection of glass particles (crowd beads) suspended in the supporting liquid was confirmed approximately 20 mm above the flat surface of the vacuum vessel.
- the supporting liquid in the vial was stirred for 2 minutes using a stirring rod (agglomeration of glass particles was confirmed at the above-mentioned position during stirring)
- the titanium particles suspended in the supporting liquid were Adsorbed on the wire mesh, the titanium particles and the glass particles were well separated. Although a slight amount of titanium particles adhered to the inner wall of the vial, the transparent support liquid was visually confirmed.
- the nickel oxide particles and the glass particles were suspended, and the supporting liquid was cloudy in green.
- a gradient magnetic field was applied to the vial, a collection of glass particles suspended in the supporting liquid was confirmed near 20 mm above the upper end surface of the vacuum vessel.
- the supporting liquid in the vial was stirred for 2 minutes using the stirring rod (agglomeration of glass particles was confirmed at the above-mentioned position even during stirring), as shown in FIG.
- the suspended nickel oxide particles were adsorbed on the wire mesh, and the nickel oxide particles and the glass particles were well separated. Although a slight amount of nickel oxide particles adhered to the inner wall of the vial, the transparent support liquid was visually confirmed.
- the nickel oxide particles and the glass particles were suspended in the same manner as in the initial state of the fourth example shown in FIG. .
- a gradient magnetic field was applied to the supporting liquid in the vial
- a collection of glass particles (glass beads) suspended in the supporting liquid was confirmed near 20 mm above the upper end surface of the vacuum vessel.
- the supporting liquid in the vial was stirred for 1 minute using a stirring rod (aggregation of glass particles was confirmed at the above-mentioned position during stirring)
- the nickel oxide particles suspended in the supporting liquid Adsorbed on the wire mesh, and nickel oxide particles and glass particles were well separated. Although a slight amount of nickel oxide particles adhered to the inner wall of the vial, the transparent support liquid was visually confirmed.
- the second particles when the second particles are formed of a paramagnetic material and the first particles are formed of a diamagnetic material, a mixture containing these first and second particles is used for the present invention. It was actually confirmed that they can be separated by type.
- the second particles when the second particles are formed of an antiferromagnetic material and the first particles are formed of a diamagnetic material, a mixture containing these first and second particles is added to the main particle. It was actually confirmed that it can be separated by type using the invention.
- the present invention can be applied to particles of various sizes or particle mixtures.
- the mixture containing antiferromagnetic particles and diamagnetic particles can be satisfactorily separated in a short time as in the fourth embodiment. could not.
- the present invention is applied to industrial waste and household waste recycling processing. can do.
- the present invention is suitable for separating a mixture containing diamagnetic particles and paramagnetic particles, the present invention can be applied to recover rare earth from home appliances and the like.
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Abstract
Description
(ρi-ρ)g+(χi-χ)/μ0・B∂B/∂z
ここで、ρiは第1粒子又は第2粒子の密度(i=1 or 2)、χiは第1粒子又は第2粒子の磁化率(体積磁化率)(i=1 or 2)、ρは支持液体の密度、χは支持液体の磁化率(体積磁化率)、gは重力加速度、μ0は真空中の透磁率、Bは磁場(磁束密度)、∂B/∂zは磁場勾配、zは鉛直方向の座標である(下向きを正とする)。
各粒子の粒径が45μm以下であるチタン粉体0.1g(和光純薬工業株式会社製、磁化率(SI単位系):+1.80×10-4、密度:4.5g/cm3)と、各粒子の粒径が1乃至2μmであるガラス(シリカ)粉体0.05g(株式会社レアメタリック製、磁化率(SI単位系):-1.66×10-4、密度:2.2g/cm3)とを混合することで、チタン粒子及びガラス粒子からなる混合物を調整した。
内径20mm、高さ50mmのガラス製のバイアル瓶の底に、第1実施例で使用した2枚の金網を重ねた状態で設置し、支持液体として使用する10wt%塩化マンガン水溶液25ml(磁化率(SI単位系):+8.57×10-5)をバイアル瓶の中に入れた。第1実施例と同じ混合物をバイアル瓶の中に投入して、支持液体を攪拌した。これにより、図24に示すように、チタン粒子及びガラス粒子が懸濁して、支持液体が黒色に濁った状態が得られた。
上述したチタン粉体0.1gと、各粒子の粒径が略2mmであるガラス(シリカ)ビーズ0.15g(アスワン株式会社製、磁化率(SI単位系):-1.66×10-4、密度:2.2g/cm3)とを混合することで、チタン粒子及びガラス粒子からなる混合物を調整した。そして、支持液体の攪拌時間を2分間とした点を除いて、第2実施例と同様な処理を行った。
各粒子の粒径が20μm以下である酸化ニッケル粉体0.1g(和光純薬工業株式会社製、磁化率(SI単位系):+4.50×10-4、密度:6.7g/cm3)と、第1実施例で使用したガラス(シリカ)粒体0.05gとを混合して、酸化ニッケル粒子及びガラス粒子からなる混合物を調整した。そして、超伝導バルク磁石を含む上述した真空容器の上側端面に、厚さ2mmのアクリル板を介してバイアル瓶を載置した点を除いて、第2実施例と同様な処理を行った。
上述した酸化ニッケル粉体0.1gと、第3実施例で用いたガラス(シリカ)ビーズ0.15gとを混合することで、酸化ニッケル粒子及びガラス粒子からなる混合物を調整した。そして、支持液体の攪拌時間を1分間とした点を除いて、第4実施例と同様な処理を行った。
第2実施例と同様にして、チタン粒子及びガラス粒子からなる混合物を調整し、支持液体である10wt%塩化マンガン水溶液25mlを含むバイアル瓶に投入して、攪拌した。なお、バイアル瓶内には上述した金網は配置されなかった。攪拌後、チタン粒子及びガラス粒子が懸濁したバイアル瓶内の支持液体に第2実施例と同様に勾配磁場を印加して、3分間放置した。すると、真空容器の上側端面から20mm上方にガラス粒子の集まりが確認された。しかしながら、粒径の大きな一部のチタン粒子はバイアル瓶の底面まで沈降したものの、大半のチタン粒子(と一部のガラス粒子)は支持液体中に懸濁したままで、支持液体は、図24に示した初期状態と同様に黒色に濁ったままであった。このように、磁気アルキメデス法のみを用いた第1比較例では、常磁性体粒子と反磁性体粒子を含む混合物を、第2実施例のように分離することはできなかった。
第2実施例と同様にして、チタン粒子及びガラス粒子からなる混合物を調整し、支持液体である10wt%塩化マンガン水溶液25mlを含んでおり、上述した2枚の金網が底部に配置されたバイアル瓶に投入して、攪拌した。その後、チタン粒子及びガラス粒子が懸濁したバイアル瓶内の支持液体に第2実施例と同様に勾配磁場を印加して、5分間放置した。すると、図28に示すように、真空容器の上側端面から20mm上方にガラス粒子の集まりが確認された。しかしながら、ある程度の量のチタン粒子は金網に吸着されたものの、かなりの量のチタン粒子(と一部のガラス粒子)が支持液体中に懸濁したままで、支持液体に濁りが見られた。このように、磁気アルキメデス法とHGMS法とを用いた第2比較例では、常磁性体粒子と反磁性体粒子を含む混合物を、第2実施例のように短時間で良好に分離することはできなかった。
第4実施例と同様にして、酸化ニッケル粒子及びガラス粒子からなる混合物を調整し、支持液体である10wt%塩化マンガン水溶液25mlを含むバイアル瓶に投入して、攪拌した。なお、バイアル瓶内には上述した金網は配置されなかった。攪拌後、酸化ニッケル粒子及びガラス粒子が懸濁したバイアル瓶内の支持液体に第4実施例と同様に勾配磁場を印加して、2分間放置した。すると、真空容器の上側端面から20mm上方にガラス粒子の集まりが確認された。しかしながら、粒径の大きな一部の酸化ニッケル粒子はバイアル瓶の底面まで沈降したものの、大半の酸化ニッケル粒子は支持液体中に懸濁したままで、支持液体は、図26に示した初期状態のように緑色に濁ったままであった。このように、磁気アルキメデス法のみを用いた第3比較例では、反強磁性体粒子と反磁性体粒子を含む混合物を、第4実施例のように分離することはできなかった。
第4実施例と同様にして、酸化ニッケル粒子及びガラス粒子からなる混合物を調整し、支持液体である10wt%塩化マンガン水溶液25mlを含んでおり、上述した2枚の金網が底部に配置されたバイアル瓶に投入して、攪拌した。その後、酸化ニッケル粒子及びガラス粒子が懸濁したバイアル瓶内の支持液体に第4実施例と同様に勾配磁場を印加して、5分間放置した。すると、真空容器の上側端面から20mm上方にガラス粒子の集まりが確認された。しかしながら、ある程度の量の酸化ニッケル粒子は金網に吸着されたものの、かなりの量の酸化ニッケル粒子(と一部のガラス粒子)が支持液体中に懸濁したままで、支持液体に濁りが見られた。このように、磁気アルキメデス法とHGMS法を用いた第4比較例では、反強磁性体粒子と反磁性体粒子を含む混合物を、第4実施例のように短時間で良好に分離することはできなかった。
(7) 分離槽
(9) 磁気フィルタ手段
(11) 磁場生成手段
(13) 攪拌手段
Claims (14)
- 種類が異なる第1粒子と第2粒子を含む混合物を、前記混合物を含む常磁性の支持液体に勾配磁場を印加して粒子の種類別に分離する、又は、種類が異なる第1粒子と第2粒子を含む混合物を含む常磁性の支持液体に勾配磁場を印加して、前記混合物から前記第1粒子若しくは前記第2粒子を分離する混合物の分離方法であって、
前記第1粒子の磁化率は、前記支持液体の磁化率よりも低く、
前記第2粒子の磁化率は、前記支持液体の磁化率よりも高く、
磁気フィルタ手段が設けられた分離槽内の前記支持液体に前記勾配磁場を印加すると共に前記支持液体を攪拌し、
磁気アルキメデス効果によって前記支持液体中にて前記第1粒子を浮遊させ、
前記勾配磁場により励磁された前記磁気フィルタ手段で、前記支持液体中の前記第2粒子を捕集する混合物の分離方法。 - 前記勾配磁場は、少なくとも前記磁気フィルタ手段の上方にて、磁気アルキメデス効果によって前記第1粒子が前記支持液体中に又はその液面に浮遊するように印加される、請求項1に記載の混合物の分離方法。
- 前記勾配磁場によって、前記第1粒子には水平な磁気力が作用し、前記第1粒子は、前記磁気力によって前記磁気フィルタ手段の側方又は外方の領域に移動し、前記領域にて収集される、請求項1又は請求項2に記載の混合物の分離方法。
- 前記第1粒子は、前記支持液体中にて略同じ高さに位置するように収集される、請求項1乃至3の何れかに記載の混合物の分離方法。
- 前記勾配磁場は、鉛直方向に沿った中心軸に対して軸対称であって、前記勾配磁場の磁場勾配は、鉛直方向成分及び径方向成分を有しており、前記支持液体に前記勾配磁場を印加することで、前記第1粒子には前記中心軸から離れるように径方向に沿った磁気力が加わる、請求項1乃至4の何れかに記載の混合物の分離方法。
- 前記第1粒子は、反磁性体又は常磁性体で形成されており、前記第2粒子は、常磁性体又は反強磁性体で形成されており、前記支持液体は、常磁性無機塩の水溶液である、請求項1乃至5の何れかに記載の混合物の分離方法。
- 前記磁気フィルタ手段は、強磁性体で形成された網板を含んでおり、前記勾配磁場は、前記網板に略垂直に印加される、請求項1乃至6の何れかに記載の混合物の分離方法。
- 種類が異なる第1粒子と第2粒子を含む混合物を、前記混合物を含む常磁性の支持液体に勾配磁場を印加して粒子の種類別に分離する、又は、種類が異なる第1粒子と第2粒子を含む混合物を含む常磁性の支持液体に勾配磁場を印加して、前記混合物から前記第1粒子若しくは前記第2粒子を分離する混合物の分離装置であって、
前記第1粒子の磁化率は、前記支持液体の磁化率よりも低く、
前記第2粒子の磁化率は、前記支持液体の磁化率よりも高く、
前記支持液体が貯められる又は送られる分離槽と、
前記勾配磁場を生成する磁場生成手段と、
前記分離槽内に設けられた磁気フィルタ手段と、
前記分離槽内の前記支持液体を攪拌する攪拌手段とを備えており、
前記分離槽内の前記支持液体に前記勾配磁場が印加されると共に、前記支持液体が攪拌され、
磁気アルキメデス効果によって前記支持液体中にて前記第1粒子が浮遊し、
前記勾配磁場により励磁された前記磁気フィルタ手段に、前記支持液体中の前記第2粒子が捕集される混合物の分離装置。 - 前記勾配磁場は、少なくとも前記磁気フィルタ手段の上方にて、磁気アルキメデス効果によって前記第1粒子が前記支持液体中に又はその液面に浮遊するように印加される、請求項8に記載の混合物の分離装置。
- 前記勾配磁場によって、前記第1粒子には水平な磁気力が作用し、前記第1粒子は、前記磁気力によって、前記磁気フィルタ手段の側方又は外方の領域に移動し、前記領域にて収集される、請求項8又は請求項9に記載の混合物の分離装置。
- 前記第1粒子は、前記支持液体中にて略同じ高さに位置するように収集される、請求項8乃至10の何れかに記載の混合物の分離装置。
- 前記勾配磁場は、鉛直方向に沿った中心軸に対して軸対称であり、前記勾配磁場の磁場勾配は、鉛直方向成分及び径方向成分を有しており、前記支持液体に前記勾配磁場を印加することで、前記第1粒子には前記中心軸から離れるように径方向に沿った磁気力が加わる、請求項8乃至11の何れかに記載の混合物の分離装置。
- 前記第1粒子は、反磁性体又は常磁性体で形成されており、前記第2粒子は、常磁性体又は反強磁性体で形成されており、前記支持液体は、常磁性無機塩の水溶液である、請求項8乃至12の何れかに記載の混合物の分離装置。
- 前記磁気フィルタ手段は、強磁性体で形成された網板を含んでおり、前記勾配磁場は、前記網板に略垂直に印加される、請求項8乃至13の何れかに記載の混合物の分離装置。
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Cited By (2)
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WO2015005392A1 (ja) * | 2013-07-10 | 2015-01-15 | 産機電業株式会社 | 水に混入した放射性物質を水から除去する方法 |
JPWO2015005392A1 (ja) * | 2013-07-10 | 2017-03-02 | 産機電業株式会社 | 水に混入した放射性物質を水から除去する方法 |
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EP2749357A4 (en) | 2015-04-01 |
US20140202960A1 (en) | 2014-07-24 |
EP2749357A1 (en) | 2014-07-02 |
US9561511B2 (en) | 2017-02-07 |
JP5700474B2 (ja) | 2015-04-15 |
JPWO2013027818A1 (ja) | 2015-03-19 |
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