WO2013024199A9 - Method of operating an internal combustion engine and an internal combustion engine arrangement - Google Patents

Method of operating an internal combustion engine and an internal combustion engine arrangement Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2013024199A9
WO2013024199A9 PCT/FI2012/050628 FI2012050628W WO2013024199A9 WO 2013024199 A9 WO2013024199 A9 WO 2013024199A9 FI 2012050628 W FI2012050628 W FI 2012050628W WO 2013024199 A9 WO2013024199 A9 WO 2013024199A9
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
exhaust gas
internal combustion
inlet air
combustion engine
emission reduction
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/FI2012/050628
Other languages
French (fr)
Other versions
WO2013024199A2 (en
WO2013024199A3 (en
Inventor
Klaus Widjeskog
Original Assignee
Wärtsilä Finland Oy
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Wärtsilä Finland Oy filed Critical Wärtsilä Finland Oy
Priority to KR1020147006940A priority Critical patent/KR101892327B1/en
Publication of WO2013024199A2 publication Critical patent/WO2013024199A2/en
Publication of WO2013024199A3 publication Critical patent/WO2013024199A3/en
Publication of WO2013024199A9 publication Critical patent/WO2013024199A9/en

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
    • F01N3/04—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust using liquids
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
    • F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
    • F01N3/2066—Selective catalytic reduction [SCR]
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
    • F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
    • F01N3/2066—Selective catalytic reduction [SCR]
    • F01N3/208—Control of selective catalytic reduction [SCR], e.g. dosing of reducing agent
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B29/00—Engines characterised by provision for charging or scavenging not provided for in groups F02B25/00, F02B27/00 or F02B33/00 - F02B39/00; Details thereof
    • F02B29/04—Cooling of air intake supply
    • F02B29/045—Constructional details of the heat exchangers, e.g. pipes, plates, ribs, insulation, materials, or manufacturing and assembly
    • F02B29/0468—Water separation or drainage means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M35/00—Combustion-air cleaners, air intakes, intake silencers, or induction systems specially adapted for, or arranged on, internal-combustion engines
    • F02M35/02—Air cleaners
    • F02M35/08—Air cleaners with means for removing dust, particles or liquids from cleaners; with means for indicating clogging; with by-pass means; Regeneration of cleaners
    • F02M35/088—Water, snow or ice proofing; Separation or drainage of water, snow or ice
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2610/00—Adding substances to exhaust gases
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2610/00—Adding substances to exhaust gases
    • F01N2610/02—Adding substances to exhaust gases the substance being ammonia or urea
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies

Definitions

  • [001] Invention relates to reducing emissions of an internal combustion engines.
  • the invention relates method of operating an internal combustion engine comprising steps of supplying combustion air to the engine through an inlet air conduit system, pressurizing the combustion air by an inlet air compressor means in the inlet air conduit system, combusting fuel in the engine and conveying exhaust gas from the engine through an exhaust gas conduit system, arranging water in the combustion air condensing in the inlet air conduit downstream the inlet air compressor means and discharging condensed water from inlet air conduit system through at least one outlet in the inlet air conduit system, and treating exhaust gas by means of an exhaust gas emission reduction system.
  • Invention relates also to an internal combustion engine arrangement comprising inlet air conduit system, an exhaust gas conduit system, an inlet air compressor means in the inlet air conduit system, an outlet arranged to the inlet air conduit downstream the inlet air compressor means, and an exhaust gas emission reduction system arranged to the exhaust gas conduit system.
  • Urea used to reduce NOx in an SCR process is introduced from a tank through a line into the combustion gases as an aqueous urea solution at a location in the exhaust manifold/passage where the combustion gases are at a temperature of from about 120 to 650 °C.
  • WO 2007045721 A1 discloses the exhaust gases are cooled in the exhaust gas scrubber in order to condensate the water vapour in the exhaust gases and recover clean water, and the thus recovered water is conducted to the inlet air of the engine so that cooling and saturating of the inlet air are at least mainly performed by the water recovered from the exhaust gas scrubber.
  • the injected water cools down the air and humidifies it close to saturation point.
  • the inlet air saturated by water vapour decreases the combustion temperatures in the cylinder, whereby it is possible to reduce the nitrogen emissions from the combustion air, i.e. the so-called NOx-emissions.
  • Objects of the invention are substantially met by a method of operating an internal combustion engine comprising steps of supplying combustion air to the engine through an inlet air conduit system, pressurizing the combustion air by an inlet air compressor means in the inlet air conduit system, combusting fuel in the engine and conveying exhaust gas from the engine through an exhaust gas conduit system, arranging water in the combustion air condensing in the inlet air conduit downstream the inlet air compressor means and discharging condensed water from inlet air conduit system through at least one outlet in the inlet air conduit system, and treating exhaust gas by means of an exhaust gas emission reduction system.
  • condensed water from inlet air conduit is supplied to the exhaust gas emission reduction system and is utilized in connection with treating the exhaust gas in the exhaust gas emission reduction system.
  • condensed water is supplied in continuous manner while the engine is operated.
  • the water is supplied into the exhaust gas with the assistance of pressurized gas.
  • the water is supplied into the exhaust gas with the assistance of the pressurized combustion air.
  • combustion air is pressurized in two separate stages.
  • the condensed water is discharged as water mist in a partial stream of compressed combustion air.
  • the condensed water is introduced in to a buffer tank prior to supplying to the exhaust gas emission reduction system.
  • the step of treating the exhaust gas is a selective catalytic NOx reduction process and the condensed water is fed as urea-solution.
  • the condensed water is controllably mixed with a reducing medium forming a solution to form a water based solution having advantageously urea/water ratio of 30-50%.
  • the step of treating the exhaust gas is.an exhaust gas desulphurisation process and the condensed water is fed as alkaline solution.
  • the step of treating the exhaust gas is a combination of a selective catalytic NOx reduction process and an exhaust gas desulphurisation process and the condensed water is used in both of the processes.
  • an internal combustion engine arrangement comprising inlet air conduit system, an exhaust gas conduit system, an inlet air compressor means in the inlet air conduit system, an outlet arranged to the inlet air conduit downstream the inlet air compressor means, and an exhaust gas emission reduction system arranged to the exhaust gas conduit system.
  • said outlet arranged to the inlet air conduit is in flow communication with the exhaust gas emission reduction system for supplying condensed water to by utilized in the exhaust gas emission reduction system.
  • said outlet is in connection with a preparation unit in the exhaust gas emission reduction system which is arranged in connection with a source of reducing medium used in the exhaust gas emission reduction system as aqueous solution.
  • the exhaust gas emission reduction system in provided with at least one introduction unit connected to the preparation unit for introducing exhaust gas emission reduction medium into the exhaust gas conduit system.
  • the arrangement comprises a first control unit arranged in connection with a connection conduit connecting the outlet and a preparation unit for controlling the amount of condensed water supplied to the preparation unit, a second control unit in connection with the preparation unit for controlling the amount of reducing medium supplied from the source of reducing medium to the preparation unit, and a zthird control unit in connection with a conduit connecting the preparation unit and the introduction unit for controlling the introduction of the exhaust gas emission reduction medium into the introduction unit, in which the control units are arranged under control of a control system.
  • the emission reduction system comprises a selective catalytic reduction system (SCR).
  • SCR selective catalytic reduction system
  • the emission reduction system comprises a flue gas desulphurisation scrubber.
  • the emission reduction system comprises a selective catalytic reduction system (SCR) and a flue gas desulphurisation scrubber.
  • FIG. 1 illustrates an internal combustion engine according to an embodiment of the invention
  • FIG. 3 illustrates an internal combustion engine according to still another embodiment of the invention.
  • FIG. 4 illustrates an internal combustion engine according to still another embodiment of the invention.
  • Figure 1 depicts schematically an internal combustion engine 10, more specifically a piston engine, which is called simply as an engine in the following.
  • the engine comprises a body 12 or a block into which various parts of the engine known as such have been assembled.
  • the engine comprises further an inlet air conduit system 14, an exhaust gas conduit system 16, and an inlet air compressor means 18 in the inlet air conduit system.
  • the inlet air compressor means is advantageously a compressor part of a turbocharger unit 19 assembled in connection with the engine.
  • the exhaust gas conduit system 16 is provided with an exhaust gas emission reduction system 20 which is arranged downstream from a turbine part 18' of the turbocharger unit 19.
  • the engine depicted in figure 1 is provided with a two-stage turbo charging system comprising a first stage 19' and a second stage 19. The two stages are shown as separate units but it is clear that the stages may be integrated as one unit.
  • the inlet air conduit system may also be provided with a combustion air cooler 15 after each compressor stage.
  • the internal combustion engine is operated so that combustion air is supplied to the engine through an inlet air conduit system 14, and the combustion air is pressurized by the inlet air compressor means 18 in the inlet air conduit system.
  • fuel material is combusted in the engine forming exhaust gases which are conveyed from the engine through an exhaust gas conduit system 16.
  • Water in the combustion air is arranged to condense in the inlet air conduit assisted by cooling of the combustion air.
  • the outlet arranged in the embodiment of figure 1 to the inlet air conduit 14 downstream the inlet air compressor means 18, is in flow communication with the exhaust gas emission reduction system .20 for supplying condensed water to be utilized in the exhaust gas emission reduction system 20 in treatment process of the exhaust gas.
  • the exhaust gas emission reduction system .20 is in connection with the outlet 22 by means of a connection conduit.24 which extends from the outlet .22 to a preparation unit.26 in the exhaust gas emission reduction system 20.
  • the preparation unit .26 is provided with ,an inlet 32 which is in connection with a source of reducing medium 34 used in the exhaust gas emission reduction system 20.
  • the preparation unit 26 is according to ⁇ an embodiment of the invention a dosing and mixing unit in which water from the inlet air conduit 14 may be added to the reducing medium forming :a suitable solution for treating the exhaust gas in the exhaust gas emission reduction system 20.
  • the condensed water from inlet air conduit is supplied to the exhaust gas emission reduction system and is utilized in connection with treating the exhaust gas in the exhaust gas emission reduction system.
  • the dosing and mixing unit 26 is in connection with an exhaust gas treatment arrangement 36 via a conduit 33.
  • the exhaust gas treatment arrangement 36 of the exhaust gas emission reduction system 20 is arranged downstream from the turbocharger unit 19 or units 19, 9'.
  • connection conduit 24 is provided with a buffer tank 30 for the condensed water. There may also be an additional handling unit 28 in the connection conduit 24 downstream the buffer tank 30.
  • the handling unit may be for example a filtering device.
  • the gas emission reduction system .20 may comprise more than one exhaust gas treatment arrangements 36 using the same reducing medium.
  • the conduit 33 is provided with a branch 33' to provide a connection thereto.
  • first control unit 42 such as a valve arranged in connection with the connection conduit 24 and thus also with the outlet 22 for controlling the amount of condensed water supplied to the preparation unit .26.
  • second control unit 44 in connection with the exhaust gas emission reduction system in the preparation unit 26 for controlling the amount of reducing medium supplied from the source of reducing medium 34 to the preparation unit 26.
  • third control unit 46 in connection with the conduit 33 for controlling the introduction of the exhaust gas emission reduction medium into the introduction unit 31
  • the control units are controlled by a control system 40 to provide a water based solution having advantageously urea/water ratio of 30-50%.
  • the control -system 40 and possible additional sensors will recognize the urea/water mixture ratio and maintain the ratio within a predetermined window by adjusting the amount of water condensed in the inlet air conduit 14.
  • control system 40 When the engine is operated the control system 40 is arranged to control the control units so that urea/water supply is 20-40 litres / MW engine output.
  • the exhaust gas treatment arrangement 36 comprises a Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) system including a catalyst arrangement for reducing NOx in the exhaust gas.
  • the reducing medium used in connection with SCR system is preferably ammonium- or urea-water solution.
  • the source of reducing medium 34 may be a storage of aqueous ammonia or urea.
  • NOx in the exhaust gas reacts with the ammonia, which is injected into the exhaust gas stream before the catalyst.
  • an inlet 48 for pressurized air provided in connection with the introduction unit 31 to assist the spraying of the reduction medium into the gas with proper droplet size.
  • the inlet is connected to a source of pressurized air 50 via a control unit 52 which is also controlled by the control system 40.
  • the exhaust gas treatment arrangement 36 comprises a Flue Gas Desulphurisation (FGD) system including scrubber arrangement for reducing SOx in the exhaust gas.
  • the reducing medium used in connection with FGD system is preferably alkaline solution, such as limestone- or lime- water solution. Accordingly the source of reducing medium 34 may be a storage of limestone. SOx in the exhaust gas reacts with the alkaline solution, which is injected into the exhaust gas stream upstream the FGD system.
  • FIG.2 there is also shown a further embodiment of the invention according to which the condensed water from the buffer tank :30 may be connected to preparation of the reducing medium in the source of reducing medium 34.
  • the buffer tank 30 is in connection with the source of reducing medium 34 by a conduit.25.
  • the exhaust gas treatment arrangement 36 comprises both a Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) system including a catalyst arrangement for reducing NOx in the exhaust gas and a Flue Gas Desulphurisation (FGD) system including scrubber arrangement for reducing SOx in the exhaust gas.
  • SCR Selective Catalytic Reduction
  • FGD Flue Gas Desulphurisation
  • SOx SOx
  • condensed water from inlet air conduit is supplied to be utilized in connection with treating the exhaust gas in the exhaust gas emission reduction system.
  • the individual systems operate as described above separately.
  • FIG 4 there is shown a still further embodiment of the invention, which particularly relates to two stage charging systems.
  • the pressurized combustion air is used to assist the injection or even inject of reducing medium containing the condensed water to the at least one introduction unit 31 and further to the exhaust gas. Even if not shown here a part of the reducing medium or condensed water may be injected between turbine stages.
  • the outlet 22 is connected substantially directly to the introduction unit 31 without any buffer tanks, thus condensed water is supplied substantially in continuous manner while the engine is operated.
  • the condensed water is discharged as water mist in a partial stream of compressed combustion air and injected to the stream of exhaust gas.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Exhaust Gas After Treatment (AREA)

Abstract

Invention relates to method of operating an internal combustion engine (10) comprising steps of supplying combustion air to the engine through an inlet air conduit system (14), pressurizing the combustion air by an inlet air compressor means (18) in the inlet air conduit system, combusting fuel in the engine and conveying exhaust gas from the engine through an exhaust gas conduit system (16), arranging water in the combustion air condensing in the inlet air conduit downstream the inlet air compressor means and discharging condensed water from inlet air conduit system (14) through at least one outlet (22) in the inlet air conduit system, and treating exhaust gas by means of an exhaust gas emission reduction system (20). Condensed water from inlet air conduit (14) is supplied to the exhaust gas emission reduction system (20) and is utilized in connection with treating the exhaust gas in the exhaust gas emission reduction system. Invention relates also to an internal combustion engine (10)arrangement.

Description

Method of operating an internal combustion engine and an internal combustion engine arrangement
Technical field
[001] Invention relates to reducing emissions of an internal combustion engines.
[002] More particularly, the invention relates method of operating an internal combustion engine comprising steps of supplying combustion air to the engine through an inlet air conduit system, pressurizing the combustion air by an inlet air compressor means in the inlet air conduit system, combusting fuel in the engine and conveying exhaust gas from the engine through an exhaust gas conduit system, arranging water in the combustion air condensing in the inlet air conduit downstream the inlet air compressor means and discharging condensed water from inlet air conduit system through at least one outlet in the inlet air conduit system, and treating exhaust gas by means of an exhaust gas emission reduction system.
[003] Invention relates also to an internal combustion engine arrangement comprising inlet air conduit system, an exhaust gas conduit system, an inlet air compressor means in the inlet air conduit system, an outlet arranged to the inlet air conduit downstream the inlet air compressor means, and an exhaust gas emission reduction system arranged to the exhaust gas conduit system.
Background art [004] Exhaust gas emission requirements of piston engines become more and more stringent. In order to cope with such requirements there are various techniques available by means of which the gaseous emissions may be controlled when the engine is running. On the other hand, it is not desirable that the overall performance of the engine will suffer resulted from actions aiming to reduce the emissions. [005] In WO 9822209 there is disclosed a process for utilization of selective catalytic reduction (SCR) technology for reducing nitrogen oxides (NOx) emissions. In particular, the publication suggests improving SCR technology by eliminating the need for ammonia, which is dangerous, or other costly alternatives to it. Instead the use of urea is suggested. Urea used to reduce NOx in an SCR process is introduced from a tank through a line into the combustion gases as an aqueous urea solution at a location in the exhaust manifold/passage where the combustion gases are at a temperature of from about 120 to 650 °C.
[006] Although the SCR technology with urea injection is advantageous as such the fact that the urea is used as aqueous solution poses challenges in certain applications.
[007] It is also known to reduce sulphur emissions of internal combustion engine. In publication WO2007045721 A1 there is suggested to introduce exhaust gases of the an internal combustion engine to an exhaust gas scrubber, in which they are washed mainly by water, and by adding specific additives, for instance sodium hydroxide (NaOH) or limestone (CaC03) thereto before discharging the exhaust gases to the environment.
[008] Also in this kind of emission control system considerable amount of water is needed. WO 2007045721 A1 discloses the exhaust gases are cooled in the exhaust gas scrubber in order to condensate the water vapour in the exhaust gases and recover clean water, and the thus recovered water is conducted to the inlet air of the engine so that cooling and saturating of the inlet air are at least mainly performed by the water recovered from the exhaust gas scrubber. When evaporating, the injected water cools down the air and humidifies it close to saturation point. The inlet air saturated by water vapour decreases the combustion temperatures in the cylinder, whereby it is possible to reduce the nitrogen emissions from the combustion air, i.e. the so-called NOx-emissions.
[009] For example in marine vessels the availability of substantially pure fresh water is typically limited. This is also the case for example in combustion engine power plant applications located in areas with scarce water supply in general. [0010] It is an object of the invention to provide a method of operating an internal combustion engine, which solves above mentioned problem of prior art.
[0011] It is an object of the invention to provide an internal combustion engine arrangement, which solves above mentioned problem of prior art.
Disclosure of the Invention
[0012] Objects of the invention are substantially met by a method of operating an internal combustion engine comprising steps of supplying combustion air to the engine through an inlet air conduit system, pressurizing the combustion air by an inlet air compressor means in the inlet air conduit system, combusting fuel in the engine and conveying exhaust gas from the engine through an exhaust gas conduit system, arranging water in the combustion air condensing in the inlet air conduit downstream the inlet air compressor means and discharging condensed water from inlet air conduit system through at least one outlet in the inlet air conduit system, and treating exhaust gas by means of an exhaust gas emission reduction system. It is characteristic to the invention that condensed water from inlet air conduit is supplied to the exhaust gas emission reduction system and is utilized in connection with treating the exhaust gas in the exhaust gas emission reduction system. [0013] This way proper treating of exhaust gas by means of an exhaust gas emission reduction system by making use of the condensed water from the combustion air is ensured particularly in marine and power plant engines where supply of water is limited.
[0014] According to an embodiment of the invention condensed water is supplied in continuous manner while the engine is operated.
[0015] According to an embodiment of the invention condensed water mixed with a reducing medium forming a solution and is supplied into the exhaust gas stream.
[0016] According to an embodiment of the invention the water is supplied into the exhaust gas with the assistance of pressurized gas. [0017] According to another embodiment of the invention the water is supplied into the exhaust gas with the assistance of the pressurized combustion air.
[0018] According to an embodiment of the invention combustion air is pressurized in two separate stages. [0019] According to an embodiment of the invention the condensed water is discharged as water mist in a partial stream of compressed combustion air.
[0020] According to an embodiment of the invention the condensed water is introduced in to a buffer tank prior to supplying to the exhaust gas emission reduction system. [0021] According to an embodiment of the invention the step of treating the exhaust gas is a selective catalytic NOx reduction process and the condensed water is fed as urea-solution. Advantageously the condensed water is controllably mixed with a reducing medium forming a solution to form a water based solution having advantageously urea/water ratio of 30-50%. [0022] According to another embodiment of the invention the step of treating the exhaust gas is.an exhaust gas desulphurisation process and the condensed water is fed as alkaline solution.
[0023] According to still another embodiment of the invention the step of treating the exhaust gas is a combination of a selective catalytic NOx reduction process and an exhaust gas desulphurisation process and the condensed water is used in both of the processes.
[0024] Objects of the invention are substantially met by an internal combustion engine arrangement comprising inlet air conduit system, an exhaust gas conduit system, an inlet air compressor means in the inlet air conduit system, an outlet arranged to the inlet air conduit downstream the inlet air compressor means, and an exhaust gas emission reduction system arranged to the exhaust gas conduit system. It is characteristic to the invention that said outlet arranged to the inlet air conduit is in flow communication with the exhaust gas emission reduction system for supplying condensed water to by utilized in the exhaust gas emission reduction system. [0025] According to an embodiment of the invention said outlet is in connection with a preparation unit in the exhaust gas emission reduction system which is arranged in connection with a source of reducing medium used in the exhaust gas emission reduction system as aqueous solution. [0026] According to another embodiment of the invention the exhaust gas emission reduction system in provided with at least one introduction unit connected to the preparation unit for introducing exhaust gas emission reduction medium into the exhaust gas conduit system.
[0027] According to another embodiment of the invention the arrangement comprises a first control unit arranged in connection with a connection conduit connecting the outlet and a preparation unit for controlling the amount of condensed water supplied to the preparation unit, a second control unit in connection with the preparation unit for controlling the amount of reducing medium supplied from the source of reducing medium to the preparation unit, and a zthird control unit in connection with a conduit connecting the preparation unit and the introduction unit for controlling the introduction of the exhaust gas emission reduction medium into the introduction unit, in which the control units are arranged under control of a control system.
[0028] According to another embodiment of the invention the emission reduction system comprises a selective catalytic reduction system (SCR).
[0029] According to another embodiment of the invention the emission reduction system comprises a flue gas desulphurisation scrubber.
[0030] According to still another embodiment of the invention the emission reduction system comprises a selective catalytic reduction system (SCR) and a flue gas desulphurisation scrubber. Brief Description of Drawings
[0031] I n the following, the invention will be described with reference to the accompanying exemplary, schematic drawings, in which
- Figure 1 illustrates an internal combustion engine according to an embodiment of the invention,
- Figure 2 illustrates an internal combustion engine according to another embodiment of the invention,
- Figure 3 illustrates an internal combustion engine according to still another embodiment of the invention, and
- Figure 4 illustrates an internal combustion engine according to still another embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description of Drawings
[0032] Figure 1 depicts schematically an internal combustion engine 10, more specifically a piston engine, which is called simply as an engine in the following. The engine comprises a body 12 or a block into which various parts of the engine known as such have been assembled. The engine comprises further an inlet air conduit system 14, an exhaust gas conduit system 16, and an inlet air compressor means 18 in the inlet air conduit system. The inlet air compressor means is advantageously a compressor part of a turbocharger unit 19 assembled in connection with the engine. The exhaust gas conduit system 16 is provided with an exhaust gas emission reduction system 20 which is arranged downstream from a turbine part 18' of the turbocharger unit 19. The engine depicted in figure 1 is provided with a two-stage turbo charging system comprising a first stage 19' and a second stage 19. The two stages are shown as separate units but it is clear that the stages may be integrated as one unit. The inlet air conduit system may also be provided with a combustion air cooler 15 after each compressor stage.
[0033] The internal combustion engine is operated so that combustion air is supplied to the engine through an inlet air conduit system 14, and the combustion air is pressurized by the inlet air compressor means 18 in the inlet air conduit system. Thus fuel material is combusted in the engine forming exhaust gases which are conveyed from the engine through an exhaust gas conduit system 16.
[0034] Water in the combustion air is arranged to condense in the inlet air conduit assisted by cooling of the combustion air. There is at least one outlet 22 arranged to the inlet air conduit 14 by means of which water may be discharged from the inlet air conduit 14. The outlet arranged in the embodiment of figure 1 to the inlet air conduit 14 downstream the inlet air compressor means 18, is in flow communication with the exhaust gas emission reduction system .20 for supplying condensed water to be utilized in the exhaust gas emission reduction system 20 in treatment process of the exhaust gas.
[0035] According to an embodiment of the invention the exhaust gas emission reduction system .20 is in connection with the outlet 22 by means of a connection conduit.24 which extends from the outlet .22 to a preparation unit.26 in the exhaust gas emission reduction system 20. The preparation unit .26 is provided with ,an inlet 32 which is in connection with a source of reducing medium 34 used in the exhaust gas emission reduction system 20. The preparation unit 26 is according to < an embodiment of the invention a dosing and mixing unit in which water from the inlet air conduit 14 may be added to the reducing medium forming :a suitable solution for treating the exhaust gas in the exhaust gas emission reduction system 20. Thus, the condensed water from inlet air conduit is supplied to the exhaust gas emission reduction system and is utilized in connection with treating the exhaust gas in the exhaust gas emission reduction system.
[0036] The dosing and mixing unit 26 is in connection with an exhaust gas treatment arrangement 36 via a conduit 33. There is at least one introduction unit 31 for introducing exhaust gas emission reduction medium into the exhaust gas and mixing it into the gas. The exhaust gas treatment arrangement 36 of the exhaust gas emission reduction system 20 is arranged downstream from the turbocharger unit 19 or units 19, 9'.
[0037] The connection conduit 24 is provided with a buffer tank 30 for the condensed water. There may also be an additional handling unit 28 in the connection conduit 24 downstream the buffer tank 30. The handling unit may be for example a filtering device.
[0038] Even if it is not shown in the figure the gas emission reduction system .20 may comprise more than one exhaust gas treatment arrangements 36 using the same reducing medium. In such a case the conduit 33 is provided with a branch 33' to provide a connection thereto.
[0039] There is a first control unit 42 such as a valve arranged in connection with the connection conduit 24 and thus also with the outlet 22 for controlling the amount of condensed water supplied to the preparation unit .26. There is also a second control unit 44 in connection with the exhaust gas emission reduction system in the preparation unit 26 for controlling the amount of reducing medium supplied from the source of reducing medium 34 to the preparation unit 26. Further there is a third control unit 46 in connection with the conduit 33 for controlling the introduction of the exhaust gas emission reduction medium into the introduction unit 31 The control units are controlled by a control system 40 to provide a water based solution having advantageously urea/water ratio of 30-50%. Advantageously the control -system 40 and possible additional sensors (not shown) will recognize the urea/water mixture ratio and maintain the ratio within a predetermined window by adjusting the amount of water condensed in the inlet air conduit 14.
[0040] When the engine is operated the control system 40 is arranged to control the control units so that urea/water supply is 20-40 litres / MW engine output.
[0041] According to an embodiment of the invention the exhaust gas treatment arrangement 36 comprises a Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) system including a catalyst arrangement for reducing NOx in the exhaust gas. The reducing medium used in connection with SCR system is preferably ammonium- or urea-water solution. Accordingly the source of reducing medium 34 may be a storage of aqueous ammonia or urea. NOx in the exhaust gas reacts with the ammonia, which is injected into the exhaust gas stream before the catalyst. [0042] In the embodiment of figure 1 there is an inlet 48 for pressurized air provided in connection with the introduction unit 31 to assist the spraying of the reduction medium into the gas with proper droplet size. The inlet is connected to a source of pressurized air 50 via a control unit 52 which is also controlled by the control system 40.
[0043] In figure 2 there is shown an embodiment of the invention in which the exhaust gas treatment arrangement 36 comprises a Flue Gas Desulphurisation (FGD) system including scrubber arrangement for reducing SOx in the exhaust gas. The reducing medium used in connection with FGD system is preferably alkaline solution, such as limestone- or lime- water solution. Accordingly the source of reducing medium 34 may be a storage of limestone. SOx in the exhaust gas reacts with the alkaline solution, which is injected into the exhaust gas stream upstream the FGD system.
[0044] In figure .2 there is also shown a further embodiment of the invention according to which the condensed water from the buffer tank :30 may be connected to preparation of the reducing medium in the source of reducing medium 34. Thus the buffer tank 30 is in connection with the source of reducing medium 34 by a conduit.25.
[0045] In figure 3 there is shown an embodiment in which the exhaust gas treatment arrangement 36 comprises both a Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) system including a catalyst arrangement for reducing NOx in the exhaust gas and a Flue Gas Desulphurisation (FGD) system including scrubber arrangement for reducing SOx in the exhaust gas. In both of the exhaust gas treatment arrangement sections condensed water from inlet air conduit is supplied to be utilized in connection with treating the exhaust gas in the exhaust gas emission reduction system. The individual systems operate as described above separately.
[0046] In figure 4 there is shown a still further embodiment of the invention, which particularly relates to two stage charging systems. The pressurized combustion air is used to assist the injection or even inject of reducing medium containing the condensed water to the at least one introduction unit 31 and further to the exhaust gas. Even if not shown here a part of the reducing medium or condensed water may be injected between turbine stages. In this embodiment the outlet 22 is connected substantially directly to the introduction unit 31 without any buffer tanks, thus condensed water is supplied substantially in continuous manner while the engine is operated. The condensed water is discharged as water mist in a partial stream of compressed combustion air and injected to the stream of exhaust gas.
[0047] While the invention has been described herein by way of examples in connection with what are, at present, considered to be the most preferred embodiments, it is to be understood that the invention is not limited to the disclosed embodiments, but is intended to cover various combinations or modifications of its features, and several other applications included within the scope of the invention, as defined in the appended claims. The details mentioned in connection with any embodiment above may be used in connection with another embodiment when such a combination is technically feasible.

Claims

Claims
1. Method of operating an internal combustion engine (10) comprising steps of supplying combustion air to the engine through an inlet air conduit system (14), pressurizing the combustion air by an inlet air compressor means (18) in the inlet air conduit system, combusting fuel in the engine and conveying exhaust gas from the engine through an exhaust gas conduit system (16), arranging water in the combustion air condensing in the inlet air conduit downstream the inlet air compressor means and discharging condensed water from inlet air conduit system (14) through at least one outlet (22) in the inlet air conduit system, and treating exhaust gas by means of an exhaust gas emission reduction system (20), characterized in that condensed water from inlet air conduit (14) is supplied to the exhaust gas emission reduction system (20) and is utilized in connection with treating the exhaust gas in the exhaust gas emission reduction system.
,
2. Method of operating an internal combustion engine (10) according to claim , characterized in that condensed water is supplied in continuous manner while the engine is operated.
3. Method of operating an internal combustion engine (10) according to claim 1 , characterized in that condensed water is mixed with a reducing medium forming a solution and is supplied into the exhaust gas stream.
4. Method of operating an internal combustion engine (10) according to claim
3, characterized in that the water is supplied into the exhaust gas with the assistance of the pressurized combustion air.
5. Method of operating an internal combustion engine (10) according to claim
4, characterized in that combustion air is pressurized in two separate stages.
6. Method of operating an internal combustion engine (10) according to claim 1, 2 or 3 characterized in that the condensed water is discharged as water mist in a partial stream of compressed combustion air.
7. Method of operating an internal combustion engine (10) according to claim 1 , characterized in that the condensed water is introduced in to a buffer tank prior to supplying to the exhaust gas emission reduction system.
8. Method of operating an internal combustion engine (10) according to claim 3, characterized in that the step of treating the exhaust gas is a selective catalytic
NOx reduction process and the condensed water is fed as urea-solution.
9. Method of operating an internal combustion engine (10) according to claim 8, characterized in that the condensed water is controllably mixed with a reducing medium forming a solution to form a water based solution having advantageously urea/water ratio of 30-50%.
10. Method of operating an internal combustion engine (10) according to claim 3, characterized in that the step of treating the exhaust gas is an exhaust gas desulphurisation process and the condensed water fed as alkaline solution.
11. An internal combustion engine (10) arrangement comprising inlet air conduit system (14), an exhaust gas conduit system (16), an inlet air compressor means (18) in the inlet air conduit system, an outlet (22) arranged to the inlet air conduit downstream the inlet air compressor means, and an exhaust gas emission reduction system (20) arranged to the exhaust gas conduit system, characterized in that said outlet (22) arranged to the inlet air conduit is in flow communication with the exhaust gas emission reduction system (20) for supplying condensed water to be utilized in the exhaust gas emission reduction system.
12. An internal combustion engine (10) arrangement according to claim 11 , characterized in that said outlet (22) is in connection with a preparation unit (26) in the exhaust gas emission reduction system (20) which is arranged in connection with a source of reducing medium (34) used in the exhaust gas emission reduction system (20) as aqueous solution.
13. An internal combustion engine (10) arrangement according to claim 12, characterized in that the exhaust gas emission reduction system in provided with at least one introduction unit (31 ) connected to the preparation unit (26) for introducing exhaust gas emission reduction medium into the exhaust gas conduit system.
14. An internal combustion engine (10) arrangement according to claim 12, characterized in that in the arrangement there are a first control unit (42) arranged in connection with a connection conduit (24) connecting the outlet (22) and a preparation unit (26) for controlling the amount of condensed water supplied to the preparation unit (26), a second control unit (44) in connection with the preparation unit (26) for controlling the amount of reducing medium supplied from the source of reducing medium (34) to the preparation unit (26), and a third control unit (46) in connection with a conduit (33) connecting the preparation unit (26) and the introduction unit (31 ) for controlling the introduction of the exhaust gas emission reduction medium into the introduction unit (31 ), and that the control units are arranged under control of a control system (40).
15. An internal combustion engine (10) arrangement according to anyone of the claims 1 1 -14, characterized in that the emission reduction system comprises a selective catalytic reduction system (SCR).
16. An internal combustion engine (10) arrangement according to anyone of the claims 1 1 -14, characterized in that the emission reduction system comprises a flue gas desulphurisation scrubber.
17. An internal combustion engine (10) arrangement according to anyone of the claims 1 1 -14, characterized in that the emission reduction system comprises a selective catalytic reduction system (SCR) and a flue gas desulphurisation scrubber.
PCT/FI2012/050628 2011-08-17 2012-06-18 Method of operating an internal combustion engine and an internal combustion engine arrangement WO2013024199A2 (en)

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