WO2013020360A1 - 一种差速多旋流锥形床布风结构 - Google Patents

一种差速多旋流锥形床布风结构 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2013020360A1
WO2013020360A1 PCT/CN2012/001045 CN2012001045W WO2013020360A1 WO 2013020360 A1 WO2013020360 A1 WO 2013020360A1 CN 2012001045 W CN2012001045 W CN 2012001045W WO 2013020360 A1 WO2013020360 A1 WO 2013020360A1
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Prior art keywords
air distribution
bed
shaped
low
speed
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PCT/CN2012/001045
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
杨文�
周圣林
徐勇敏
边际
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江西江联能源环保股份有限公司
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Publication of WO2013020360A1 publication Critical patent/WO2013020360A1/zh

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C10/00—Fluidised bed combustion apparatus
    • F23C10/02—Fluidised bed combustion apparatus with means specially adapted for achieving or promoting a circulating movement of particles within the bed or for a recirculation of particles entrained from the bed
    • F23C10/04—Fluidised bed combustion apparatus with means specially adapted for achieving or promoting a circulating movement of particles within the bed or for a recirculation of particles entrained from the bed the particles being circulated to a section, e.g. a heat-exchange section or a return duct, at least partially shielded from the combustion zone, before being reintroduced into the combustion zone
    • F23C10/08—Fluidised bed combustion apparatus with means specially adapted for achieving or promoting a circulating movement of particles within the bed or for a recirculation of particles entrained from the bed the particles being circulated to a section, e.g. a heat-exchange section or a return duct, at least partially shielded from the combustion zone, before being reintroduced into the combustion zone characterised by the arrangement of separation apparatus, e.g. cyclones, for separating particles from the flue gases
    • F23C10/10—Fluidised bed combustion apparatus with means specially adapted for achieving or promoting a circulating movement of particles within the bed or for a recirculation of particles entrained from the bed the particles being circulated to a section, e.g. a heat-exchange section or a return duct, at least partially shielded from the combustion zone, before being reintroduced into the combustion zone characterised by the arrangement of separation apparatus, e.g. cyclones, for separating particles from the flue gases the separation apparatus being located outside the combustion chamber
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C10/00—Fluidised bed combustion apparatus
    • F23C10/005—Fluidised bed combustion apparatus comprising two or more beds
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C10/00—Fluidised bed combustion apparatus
    • F23C10/18—Details; Accessories
    • F23C10/20—Inlets for fluidisation air, e.g. grids; Bottoms
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/30—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having a fluidised bed
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/32—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor the waste being subjected to a whirling movement, e.g. cyclonic incinerators
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/44—Details; Accessories
    • F23G5/48—Preventing corrosion
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23L—SUPPLYING AIR OR NON-COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS OR GASES TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS IN GENERAL ; VALVES OR DAMPERS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR CONTROLLING AIR SUPPLY OR DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; INDUCING DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; TOPS FOR CHIMNEYS OR VENTILATING SHAFTS; TERMINALS FOR FLUES
    • F23L9/00—Passages or apertures for delivering secondary air for completing combustion of fuel 
    • F23L9/04—Passages or apertures for delivering secondary air for completing combustion of fuel  by discharging the air beyond the fire, i.e. nearer the smoke outlet
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2209/00—Specific waste
    • F23G2209/26—Biowaste

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a boiler, and more particularly to a high efficiency differential multi-swirl conical bed air distribution structure for a biomass or waste fuel boiler.
  • biomass energy including municipal solid waste
  • Biomass power generation can meet more than 20% of China's energy consumption, and can reduce carbon dioxide emissions by nearly 3. 500 million tons, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, soot emissions reduction of nearly 25 million tons. Therefore, the development and utilization of biomass energy must be accelerated.
  • Straw fuel can be divided into yellow straw (straw grass, wheat straw, corn stover, etc.), white straw (cotton stalk, hemp stalk, rape stalk, peanut shell, etc.), gray straw (forest tree branches, bark and other forestry waste), black straw (waste after industrial processing). They have high volatile matter, high water content, high content of alkali metals such as chlorine, potassium and sodium, low calorific value and low ash melting point.
  • yellow straw straw grass, wheat straw, corn stover, etc.
  • white straw cotton stalk, hemp stalk, rape stalk, peanut shell, etc.
  • gray straw forest tree branches, bark and other forestry waste
  • black straw waste after industrial processing
  • the fluidized bed and circulating fluidized bed biomass boilers that have been put into operation have coking, convective heating area ash, poor boiler fuel adaptability, unstable operation, and severe superheater corrosion.
  • Technical difficulties have restricted the large-scale promotion of biomass boilers to high parameters.
  • the Chinese patent (ZL01249503.4) is a "differential fluidized bed boiler for incineration of waste" developed by our company.
  • the patent provides the structure of biofuels such as aldehyde residue and rice husk.
  • biofuels have the characteristics of seasonal and agricultural production diversity supply, which causes problems in boiler feed, requiring boilers to burn mixed fuels, because different biomass fuels contain elements such as K, Na, CI, etc. The content varies greatly.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a high-efficiency differential multi-swirl cone bed structure for burning biomass or garbage fuel boilers, focusing on the corrosion of the superheater encountered by the boiler, and burning various biomass and fuel.
  • the problems of poor fuel adaptability and poor slagging caused by the intensive bulk materials in the middle are solved at the same time to solve the problems of improving the combustion efficiency of the fuel and reducing the wear of the heated surface.
  • the high-efficiency differential multi-swirl cone bed air distribution structure for burning biomass or garbage comprises a stepped arrangement of a high speed bed and a low speed bed, a V-shaped air distribution plate and a plurality of conical air distribution chambers, Immersion heating surface, negative pressure feeder, multi-layer swirling tertiary air, inert material, etc.
  • the content of the invention is:
  • the invention provides a high-speed bed as an air distribution device combining a V-shaped air distribution plate and a plurality of conical air distribution chambers, and a V-shaped row disposed between the bottom of the two V-shaped air distribution plates and the two conical air distribution chambers The slag is arranged, and a T-shaped hood that is blown downward is arranged on the V-shaped air distribution plate, and the cooperation between the T-shaped hoods forms a flat plate.
  • the content of K, Na, CI and other elements in biomass and garbage is large.
  • the high content of K and Na will cause the ash melting point to decrease, which will bring about the serious accumulation of convection heating surface, and the product of convection heating surface.
  • Ash greatly improves the corrosion of the pipe and seriously affects the safe and stable operation of the boiler.
  • the corrosion of the heated surface tube is related to the ash accumulation, the wall temperature and the concentration of harmful elements. The higher the temperature of the tube wall at a certain concentration, the more severe the corrosion, the ash accumulation and the ash accumulation. Corrosion rates differ by more than 15 times, which limits the development of boilers to high superheater parameters. Since K, Na, CI and other elements volatilize at a high temperature, the rate is extremely fast.
  • the invention adopts a negative pressure feeding mode in which a certain height is arranged, and the superheater is arranged on the dense phase zone of the low speed bed.
  • the fuel enters the high-speed bed from the negative pressure feeder.
  • most of the elements such as K, Na, CI in the furnace are volatilized into the rising flue gas, and the remaining part is further in the high-speed bed. Volatilization, so the concentration of harmful elements entering the low-speed bed is small and will not constitute corrosion to the superheater disposed on the dense phase of the low-speed bed.
  • the invention is realized by the invention, which comprises a high speed bed, a low speed bed, a V-shaped slag discharge device, a low speed bed plenum, a soaking heating surface tube, a soaking superheater, a conical air chamber, a T-shaped hood, a V-shaped air distribution panel.
  • the negative pressure feeder is characterized in that a high and low stepped bed surface is arranged in the boiler furnace, the low position is a high speed bed, and the high position is a low speed bed; the high speed bed adopts a structure of a V-shaped air distribution plate and a plurality of conical air distribution chambers.
  • a large-diameter V-shaped slag discharge device is arranged between the bottom of the two V-shaped air distribution plates and the two conical air distribution chambers; the immersed heating surface tube and the soaking superheater are arranged on the low-speed bed, and the V-shaped air distribution plate is provided with a plurality of T-shaped shapes.
  • the low speed bed is a low speed air chamber, and the upper end of the side wall of the furnace is respectively provided with a negative pressure feeder and a multi-layer swirling three air supply port.
  • the high-pressure fluidized wind enters the furnace from the conical air chamber through the V-shaped air distribution plate and the T-shaped hood arranged thereon, and the low-pressure fluidized air enters the furnace from the low-speed air chamber;
  • the biomass fuel includes garbage from the negative pressure feeder
  • the inert material of the biomass fuel and the bed surface is fluidized at a high speed by the fluidizing wind, and forms a top-down internal circulation flow with the low-speed bed material.
  • Bulk inert material is discharged through a large diameter V-shaped slag discharger.
  • a T-shaped hood that is blown down by a small hole is arranged on the V-shaped air distribution plate and has a flat plate shape.
  • the internal circulation flow fluidized bed system formed by the step height difference formed by the high speed bed and the low speed bed can be full Partition burning of a variety of biomass with different densities and non-particle sizes.
  • the superheater is arranged on the low speed bed to form a structure of the soaking superheater, and at the same time, the soaking and heating surface tube can be arranged on the low speed bed for burning fuel such as biomass and domestic garbage to solve the problem of superheater corrosion.
  • the high-speed bed adopts a V-shaped air distribution plate and a plurality of conical air distribution chambers, and a V-shaped slag discharger structure disposed between the bottom of the two V-shaped air distribution plates and the two conical air distribution chambers, and is used for burning bulk inertia Fuels such as biomass and domestic waste.
  • V-shaped air distribution plate and conical air distribution chamber and single or multiple arrays of structural forms.
  • the T-shaped hood is tilted on both sides of the front and rear, and a small hole is obliquely opened on the hood of the hood.
  • the technical effect of the invention is: It can effectively solve the technical problems such as ash collection, corrosion and slag discharge caused by burning biomass or garbage, and at the same time, has strong advantages in improving combustion efficiency and reducing wear of immersion heating surface. Superiority. DRAWINGS
  • Figure 1 is a side view of the present invention.
  • Figure 2 is another side view of the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of a T-shaped hood according to the present invention.
  • Figure 4 is a cross-sectional view of the T-shaped hood of the present invention.
  • high-speed bed 2 low-speed bed 3
  • V-shaped slag discharger 4 low-speed bed plenum 5
  • soaked heating surface tube 6 soaking superheater 7, multi-layer swirling three air supply port 8, conical cloth
  • the air chamber 9 the T-shaped hood 10, the V-shaped air distribution plate 11, the negative pressure feeder 12, and the furnace.
  • the present invention is realized by providing a high and low stepped bed surface in the boiler furnace 12, the low position is the high speed bed 1, and the high position is the low speed bed 2;
  • the structure of the V-shaped air distribution plate 10 and the plurality of conical air distribution chambers 8 is adopted, and a large-diameter V-shaped slag discharge device 3 is disposed between the bottom of the two V-shaped air distribution plates 10 and the two conical air distribution chambers 8; the low-speed bed 2
  • the soaking heating surface tube 5 and the soaking superheater 6 are arranged on the top, and the V-shaped air distribution plate 10 is provided with a plurality of T-shaped hoods 9, the low speed bed 2 is below the low speed air chamber 4, and the upper end of the side wall of the furnace 12 is respectively provided with a negative pressure
  • the feeder 11 and the multi-layer swirling tertiary air supply port 7, the high-pressure fluidizing wind enters the furnace from the conical air chamber 8 through the V-shaped air distribution plate 10 and the T-
  • the upper part of the V-shaped slag discharger 3 disposed between the bottom of the two V-shaped air distribution plates 10 and the two conical air distribution chambers 8 is a slag discharge groove having a width of 150 to 400 mm which is the same width as the high speed bed 1, and the lower portion passes through a slag discharge groove
  • the front and rear sides are inclined downwardly to take out, and the bulk inert material is discharged through the outlet.
  • the high speed bed 1 air distribution structure is embodied in the form of a V-shaped air distribution plate 10 and a conical air distribution chamber 8, and a single or a plurality of arranged structures.
  • a T-shaped hood 9 disposed on the V-shaped air distribution plate 10, and a T-shaped hood 9 are arranged in a flat plate shape on the V-shaped air distribution plate 10.
  • the structure of the T-shaped (or T-shaped) hood 9 is inclined on the front and rear sides to facilitate the expansion of the fit between the hoods, and a plurality of small holes are obliquely opened on the hood of the hood, and the size and number of the openings are set according to different flow rates.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Fluidized-Bed Combustion And Resonant Combustion (AREA)

Abstract

一种差速多旋流锥形床布风结构，在炉膛（12）内设置高低阶梯状的床面，高速床（1）在低位，低速床（2）在高位；高速床（1）采用V形布风板（10）与多个锥形布风室（8）的结构，两V形布风板（10）底部与两锥形布风室（8）之间设置大口径V形排渣器（3）；低速床（2）上布置浸泡受热面管（5）与浸泡过热器（6），V形布风板（10）上设有若干个丁字形风帽（9），低速床（2）的下方为低速床风室（4），炉膛（12）侧壁上端分别设有负压给料器（11）和多层旋流三次送风口（7）。该锅炉解决了因燃烧生物质或垃圾带来的过热器集灰、腐蚀和排渣不畅的问题，提高了燃烧效率，减少了磨损。

Description

说 明 书
一种燃生物质或垃圾燃料锅炉的高效差速多旋流锥形床布风结构
技术领域
本发明涉及一种锅炉，尤其涉及一种燃生物质或垃圾燃料锅炉的 高效差速多旋流锥形床布风结构。
背景技术
我国向世界郑重承诺， 到 2020年我国单位 GDP二氧化碳排放比 2005年下降 40%〜45%。 而我国可开发的生物质能（含城市生活垃圾） 资源总量近期约为 5亿吨标准煤，生物质发电可满足中国能源消费量 的 20%以上的电力， 年可减少排放二氧化碳近 3. 5亿吨， 二氧化硫、 氮氧化物、 烟尘减排量近 2500万吨。 因此， 必须加快生物质能的开 发与利用。 秸秆燃料可分为黄色秸秆 （稻草、 麦草、 玉米秸秆等)、 白色秸 秆 （棉秆、 麻秆、 油菜秆、 花生壳等)、 灰色秸秆 （林木枝条、 树皮 等林业废弃物)、 黑色秸秆（工业加工后的废弃物)。它们具有挥发分 高、 含水率高， 氯， 及钾、 钠等碱金属含量高、 热值低、 灰熔点低等 特点。 目前， 国际上较为成功的生物质秸秆燃料锅炉， 均采用炉排式 结构， 该锅炉***投资高， 核心技术都掌握在国外公司。而国内全烧 秸秆锅炉的技术还刚起步，已投运的流化床与循环流化床生物质锅炉 存在结焦、对流受热面积灰、锅炉燃料适应性差、运行不稳定， 以及 过热器腐蚀严重等技术难题，制约了生物质锅炉向高参数的大规模推 广。 中国专利（ZL01249503.4)是我公司研制的 "焚烧垃圾的差速流 化床锅炉"， 专利中提供了燃糠醛渣、 稻壳等生物燃料的结构， 由于 在实践中生物燃料存在季节性与农业生产多样性供应的特点，这就给 锅炉供料造成问题， 要求锅炉不得不燃烧混合燃料， 由于不同的生物 质燃料所含 K、 Na、 CI等元素的含量相差很大， 锅炉在燃烧混合燃 料时， 造成过热器的积灰与腐蚀， 同时生物质燃料在收集过程中难免 会混入大块惰性物料， 因此存在过热器腐蚀、排渣不畅等问题， 影响 锅炉的长期安全稳定运行。
另外， 在垃圾焚烧流化床锅炉同样也存在过热器的积灰与腐蚀、 排渣不畅等问题。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种一种燃生物质或垃圾燃料锅炉的高 效差速多旋流锥形床布风结构， 重点解决锅炉遇到的过热器的腐蚀， 以及燃烧多种生物质和燃料中惨杂大块惰性物料所引起的燃料适应 性差、排渣不畅等问题， 同时解决提高燃料的燃烧效率与减少受热面 的磨损等问题。
本发明燃生物质或垃圾的高效差速多旋流锥形床布风结构包括 阶梯布置的高速床与低速床、 V形布风板与多个锥形布风室相结合的 布风装置、浸泡受热面、负压给料器、多层旋流三次风、惰性物料等。
本发明内容是：
1、 由于不同生物质其密度、 颗粒度、 水份， 以及燃烧速率等存 在较大差异，为满足燃烧多种生物质，因此设置阶梯布置的不同床面， 同时床面流化速度不同， 低位为高速床， 高位为低速床， 燃料通过给 料器进入高速床后，大颗粒与密度大的燃料和惰性物料在高速床中流 化，而低密度与细颗粒的物料和燃料进入低速床； 由于高速床与低速 床在流速上的差异，形成高速床与低速床的第一股内循环流，满足不 同生物质燃料的燃烧要求。
2、散装破碎后的生物质收集难免会混入大的惰性物料，特别生 活垃圾中大的惰性物料更不可避免。在流化床锅炉中大的惰性物料存 在一定量后直接导致锅炉的运行故障，因此及时将大的惰性物料排除 是至关重要。 本发明将高速床设置为 V形布风板与多个锥形布风室 相结合的布风装置， 并在两 V形布风板底部与两锥形布风室之间设 置的 V形排渣器， 而在 V形布风板上布置向下吹扫的丁字形风帽， 丁字形风帽之间的配合形成平板。当流化风通过锥形布风室与丁字形 风帽进入炉床，流化风经过丁字形风帽小孔向下吹扫，而流化风进入 炉床后显向上流动，因此炉床的上升流与丁字形风帽小孔的向下吹扫 风形成第二股内循环流。这股内旋流有助于将大的惰性物料分离，顺 利进入设置在斜布风板底部的大口径 V形排渣器排出。
3、在炉膛中设置多层四角布置三次风，此三次风斜向下切向布 置， 形成切向旋流， 此为第三股内循环流。此三次风旋流有助于提高 生物质燃料的燃尽率， 以及降低 NOx污染物的排放。
4、 生物质与垃圾中 K、 Na、 CI等元素的含量较大， K、 Na的 含量高将造成灰熔点下降，它将带来对流受热面的严重积灰， 同时由 于对流受热面的积灰大大提高了管子的腐蚀，严重影响锅炉的安全稳 定运行。受热面管的腐蚀同积灰、管壁温度和有害元素浓度有关， 有 害元素在一定浓度下管壁温度越高腐蚀越严重，管子积灰与不积灰的 腐蚀速率相差 15倍以上，这一定程度制约锅炉向高过热器参数发展。 由于 K、 Na、 CI等元素在高温下挥发速率极快。 本发明采用布置一 定高度的负压给料方式，且将过热器布置在低速床密相区上。燃料从 负压给料器进入高速床， 在燃料下落过程中， 燃料在炉膛高温下 K、 Na、 CI 等元素大部分已挥发进入上升的烟气中， 留下的部份在高速 床中进一步挥发， 因此进入低速床有害元素浓度很小，将不会构成对 布置在低速床密相区上的过热器的腐蚀。
本发明是这样实现的， 它包括高速床、 低速床、 V形排渣器、 低 速床风室、 浸泡受热面管、 浸泡过热器、 锥形布风室、 丁字形风帽、 V形布风板、负压给料器，其特征在于在锅炉炉膛内设置高低阶梯状 的床面， 低位为高速床， 高位为低速床； 高速床采用 V形布风板与 多个锥形布风室的结构， 两 V形布风板底部与两锥形布风室之间设 置大口径 V形排渣器； 低速床上布置浸泡受热面管与浸泡过热器， V 形布风板上设有若干个丁字形风帽，低速床的下方为低速风室，炉膛 侧壁上端分别设有负压给料器和多层旋流三次送风口。高压流化风从 锥形布风室经过 V形布风板以及在其上布置的丁字形风帽进入炉膛, 低压流化风从低速风室进入炉膛；生物质燃料包括垃圾从负压给料器 进入高速床， 生物质燃料与床面的惰性物料在流化风作用下高速流 化， 与低速床物料形成自上而下的内循环流。大块惰性物料通过大口 径 V形排渣器排出。
在 V形布风板上布置有小孔向下吹的丁字形风帽且显平板形。 高 速床与低速床形成的阶梯高差等所构成的内循环流流化床***，可满 足不同密度、 不粒径的多种生物质的分区燃烧。 低位高速床与 V形布风板和多个锥形布风室以及与在其上布置的 丁字形风帽之间形成的配合结构。 将过热器布置在低速床上形成浸泡过热器的结构， 同时在低速床 上还可布置浸泡受热面管，用于燃烧生物质和生活垃圾等燃料，解决 过热器腐蚀问题。 高速床采用 V形布风板与多个锥形布风室、以及两 V形布风板底 部与两锥形布风室之间设置的 V形排渣器结构， 用于燃烧带大块惰 性物料的生物质和生活垃圾等燃料。
V形布风板与锥形布风室， 以及单个或多个排列的结构形式。 丁字形风帽前后两边倾斜， 并在风帽上平头部斜向开若干小孔。 本发明的技术效果是： 能有效解决因燃烧生物质或垃圾带来的过 热器集灰、腐蚀与排渣不畅等技术难题， 同时在提高燃烧效率、减少 浸泡受热面磨损等方面有较强优越性。 附图说明
图 1 为本发明的侧视图。
图 2为本发明的另一侧视图。
图 3为本发明丁字形风帽的结构示意图。 图 4为本发明丁字形风帽的切面图。 在图中， 1、高速床 2、低速床 3、 V形排渣器 4、低速床风室 5、 浸泡受热面管 6、浸泡过热器 7、多层旋流三次送风口 8、锥形布风 室 9、 丁字形风帽 10、 V形布风板 11、 负压给料器 12、 炉膛。 具体实施方式 如图 1、 图 2、 图 3、 图 4所示， 本发明是这样实现的， 在锅炉炉膛 12内设置高低阶梯状的床面， 低位为高速床 1， 高位为低速床 2; 高速 床 1采用 V形布风板 10与多个锥形布风室 8的结构， 两 V形布风板 10底 部与两锥形布风室 8之间设置大口径 V形排渣器 3 ; 低速床 2上布置浸 泡受热面管 5与浸泡过热器 6， V形布风板 10上设有若干个丁字形风帽 9, 低速床 2的下方为低速风室 4， 炉膛 12侧壁上端分别设有负压给料 器 11和多层旋流三次送风口 7， 高压流化风从锥形布风室 8经过 V形布 风板 10以及在其上布置的丁字形风帽 9进入炉膛， 在 V形布风板 10上 布置有小孔向下吹的丁字形风帽 9， 且丁字形风帽 9在 V形布风板 10上 排列显平板形； 低压流化风从低速风室 4进入炉膛； 生物质燃料包括 垃圾从负压给料器 11进入高速床 1， 负压给料器 11距高速床面 2-3米， 生物质燃料与床面的惰性物料在流化风作用下高速流化， 与低速床 2 物料形成自上而下的内循环流。在两 V形布风板 10底部与两锥形布风 室 8之间设置的 V形排渣器 3上部是一个与高速床 1同宽的宽为 150~400mm的排渣槽， 下部通过一个前后两边向下倾斜的收口引出， 大块惰性物料通过引出口排出。 高速床 1布风结构其具体实施是 V形 布风板 10与锥形布风室 8， 以及单个或多个排列的结构形式。 在 V形 布风板 10上布置的丁字形风帽 9, 丁字形风帽 9在 V形布风板 10上排列 显平板形。丁字（或 T形）风帽 9的结构为前后两边倾斜， 便于风帽间 配合的膨胀，并在风帽上平头部斜向开若干小孔，其开孔大小与数量 根据不同流速要求设置。

Claims

权 利 要 求 书
1、一种燃生物质或垃圾燃料锅炉的高效差速多旋流锥形床布风结 构， 它包括高速床、低速床、 V形排渣器、低速床风室、浸泡受热面 管、浸泡过热器、锥形布风室、 丁字形风帽、 V形布风板、 负压给料 器，其特征在于在锅炉炉膛内设置高低阶梯状的床面，低位为高速床， 高位为低速床； 高速床采用 V形布风板与多个锥形布风室的结构， 两 V形布风板底部与两锥形布风室之间设置大口径 V形排渣器； 低 速床上布置浸泡受热面管与浸泡过热器， V形布风板上设有若干个丁 字形风帽，低速床的下方为低速风室，炉膛侧壁上端分别设有负压给 料器和多层旋流三次送风口。
2、根据权利要求 1所述的一种燃生物质或垃圾燃料锅炉的高效差 速多旋流锥形床布风结构， 其特征是在 V形布风板上布置有小孔向 下吹的丁字形风帽且显平板形。
3、根据权利要求 1所述的一种燃生物质或垃圾燃料锅炉的髙效差 速多旋流锥形床布风结构，其特征在于丁字形风帽前后两边倾斜，并 在风帽上平头部斜向开若干小孔。
PCT/CN2012/001045 2011-08-05 2012-08-03 一种差速多旋流锥形床布风结构 WO2013020360A1 (zh)

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