WO2013020271A1 - Flotation method and device for splitting tailings, and use thereof - Google Patents

Flotation method and device for splitting tailings, and use thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2013020271A1
WO2013020271A1 PCT/CN2011/078154 CN2011078154W WO2013020271A1 WO 2013020271 A1 WO2013020271 A1 WO 2013020271A1 CN 2011078154 W CN2011078154 W CN 2011078154W WO 2013020271 A1 WO2013020271 A1 WO 2013020271A1
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Prior art keywords
tailings
flotation
spiral
chamber
split
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PCT/CN2011/078154
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French (fr)
Chinese (zh)
Inventor
曾兴民
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株洲市兴民科技有限公司
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Priority to PCT/CN2011/078154 priority Critical patent/WO2013020271A1/en
Publication of WO2013020271A1 publication Critical patent/WO2013020271A1/en

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03D—FLOTATION; DIFFERENTIAL SEDIMENTATION
    • B03D1/00—Flotation
    • B03D1/14—Flotation machines
    • B03D1/1418—Flotation machines using centrifugal forces
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03D—FLOTATION; DIFFERENTIAL SEDIMENTATION
    • B03D1/00—Flotation
    • B03D1/14—Flotation machines
    • B03D1/24—Pneumatic

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method and a device for beneficiation and a use thereof, in particular to a flotation method and device and a use thereof for the shunt tailings improved based on the flotation principle, and belongs to the technical field of flotation.
  • the well-known flotation method has two implementation devices:
  • the flotation chamber of the flotation column has a slurry inlet to be selected in the upper middle part of the wall surface, and the open top is a mineralized bubble outlet, and the tail end is provided with a tailings outlet and a bubble generating device.
  • the bubbles produced by the bubble generating device collide with the to-be-selected slurry in the process of floating to the slurry, and adsorb the target particles to realize bubble mineralization.
  • the mineralized bubbles float up to the mineralized bubble enrichment area and are enriched, overflowing the mineralized bubble outlet, and producing concentrate.
  • Non-target particles that are not adsorbed by bubbles their coarse and heavy particles quickly sink to the tailings outlet, producing tailings; their fine and light particles collide with bubbles or mineralized bubbles in reverse, are pulled up and floated, forming up and down The flow state slowly sinks to the tailings outlet and produces tailings. It can be seen that during the flotation of the flotation column, the tailings are preferentially adsorbed by the bubbles, and the tailings are the tailings outlets from the flotation chamber to the bottom of the flotation chamber.
  • the second is a flotation machine (or flotation cell).
  • the flotation chamber of the flotation machine has at least one tailings outlet at the wall surface and/or the bottom thereof, and the open top is a mineralized bubble outlet, and the bottom of the flotation is provided with a slurry inlet and a floating device (including a rotor and a stator). , hollow shaft and bubble generating device). The compressed air is introduced through the hollow shaft, and bubbles are generated in the set gas field in the floating device to realize bubble mineralization.
  • the floating device discharges the slurry, and the bubble mineralization continues to occur in the flotation chamber and the gas-solid separation is realized: the mineralized bubble floats up to the mineralized bubble enrichment zone to enrich, overflows the mineralized bubble outlet, and produces the concentrate.
  • Non-target particles that are not adsorbed by bubbles, their coarse and heavy particles quickly sink to the tailings outlet, producing tailings; their fine and light particles collide with bubbles or mineralized bubbles in reverse, are pulled up and floated, forming up and down
  • the flow state slowly sinks to the tailings outlet and produces tailings. It can be seen that during the flotation process of the flotation machine, the target particles are preferentially adsorbed by the bubbles, and the tailings are the tailings outlets from the flotation chamber directly to the wall and/or bottom of the flotation chamber.
  • the tailings are the tailings outlet from the flotation chamber directly to the wall and/or bottom of the flotation chamber.
  • the obvious defect is: when the slurry to be selected contains fine and light non-target particles with a large specific gravity, especially when the target particles are close to the non-target particles, the tailings settle and split (exit the flotation chamber). It will slow down, the tailings will stay in the flotation chamber for a long time, the concentration of tailings in the flotation chamber will increase, and the probability of mineralized bubbles being contaminated by tailings will increase, and the tailings will entrain bubbles and mineralization. The probability of bubbles increases, the quality and yield of mineralized bubbles decrease, and the flotation effect decreases.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a method for realizing the rapid diversion of tailings, shortening the residence time of tailings in the flotation chamber, and improving the utilization efficiency of the flotation chamber volume, in view of the inefficiency of the prior tailings diversion method.
  • a flotation method for splitting tailings that enhances the quality and yield of mineralized bubbles and mitigates the cavitation effects of the post-transport process.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide a flotation apparatus for realizing the above-described split tailings flotation method.
  • Another object of the invention is to provide a use of the above-described split tailings flotation method and apparatus.
  • the technical scheme adopted by the invention is: a flotation method for splitting tailings, which is characterized in that: a spiral channel is used to split tailings, and more than one spiral channel for slurry enrichment and splitting is arranged on the inner wall surface of the flotation chamber.
  • the tailings are enriched and diverted through the spiral channel and floated.
  • the flotation is to place the tailings in a flotation chamber provided with a spiral passage in the wall surface of the flotation chamber, so that the tailings enter the flotation chamber and then enrich and divert the spiral passage; the outflow slurry
  • the inertial force flows upward through the spiral, so that the mineralized bubbles tend to float upward in the central region of the flotation chamber, and at the same time, the tailings sink to the vicinity of the inner wall of the flotation chamber; the tailings are in gravity and Under the action of centrifugal force, it sinks along the spiral channel to the bottom of the channel; at the same time, the helix angle of the bottom surface of the channel of the spiral channel is larger than the angle of repose of the tailings in the outflow slurry; the tailings settled to the bottom of the channel, along the spiral channel
  • the downward flow causes the tailings entering the area near the inner wall of the flotation chamber to be gradually enriched in the spiral passage, thereby vacating the new tailings of the
  • the bubbles and mineralized bubbles entrained into the spiral channel by the tailings are squeezed out by the tailings ore layer, thereby effectively eliminating the entrainment of the tailings to the bubbles and mineralized bubbles; thereby realizing the flotation of the tailings using spiral channels process.
  • the spiral passage, the top end (starting end) of the spiral passage is disposed below the slurry surface set by the flotation chamber, and the bottom end of the spiral passage ends at the lower portion of the flotation chamber.
  • the cross section of the spiral passage is a grooved (U-shaped) structure, and the bottom surface of the spiral passage groove is spirally arranged on the inner wall of the flotation chamber, and the spiral angle of the spiral passage is larger than the angle of repose of the tailings in the outflow slurry;
  • the spiral path of the top end (end) of the channel is in the same direction as the swirling trajectory of the outflow slurry (either clockwise or counterclockwise).
  • At least one tailings outlet is provided on the wall surface of the corresponding flotation chamber.
  • Each of the spiral passages may be continuous or intermittent; if it is intermittent, the bottom end of the upper spiral passage communicates with an adjacent spiral passage.
  • An ultrasonic generating device is arranged around the flotation chamber, and the ultrasonic wave generated by the ultrasonic generating device is emitted into the flotation chamber; when the tailings enter the flotation chamber, the flotation is performed, and the ultrasonic wave is received.
  • the irradiation causes the flotation process of the split tailings in the spiral channel to become a sweeping process.
  • a device for realizing the above method adopting a spiral channel split tailing flotation device, comprising a flotation chamber and a floating device, characterized in that: more than one is used for enrichment and diversion of the slurry in the wall surface of the flotation chamber. Spiral channel.
  • the cross section of the spiral passage is a groove shape, and the spiral passage is spirally arranged on the inner wall surface of the flotation chamber, and the helix angle is larger than the angle of repose of the tailings in the outflow slurry.
  • the spiral passages are more than one, and the plurality of spiral passages may be arranged parallel to each other on the inner wall surface of the flotation chamber;
  • the flotation chamber is a cylindrical structure, and a floating device is arranged at the bottom of the cylindrical structure.
  • the floating device comprises a floating chamber, a spiral rotor, a driving device and a base, which are arranged in a central region of the bottom of the flotation chamber.
  • the top of the floating chamber is an open structure, and a circulating slurry outlet of the annular structure is arranged at the top of the floating chamber, and at least one inlet of the slurry to be selected is provided at the bottom of the floating chamber.
  • a driving device is arranged under the spiral rotor, and more than one spiral gas field is generated when the spiral rotor rotates.
  • the driving device is disposed outside the bottom of the floating chamber, and the hollow shaft of the spiral rotor passes through the bottom of the floating chamber.
  • More than one ultrasonic generating device is arranged on the outer wall surface of the flotation chamber, and the ultrasonic wave emitted by the ultrasonic generating device is emitted into the flotation chamber, so that the flotation process of the split tailings in the spiral passage becomes a process with ultrasonic sweeping.
  • spiral channel split tailings flotation method and device the spiral channel split tailings flotation method and device can be applied to all mineral flotation processes.
  • the technical principle of the invention is that at least one spiral channel is arranged on the wall surface of the interior of the flotation chamber.
  • the inertial force of the spiral upward flow by the floating device causes the mineralized bubble to float toward the central region of the flotation chamber, so that the tailings tend to sink toward the vicinity of the inner wall of the flotation chamber.
  • the tailings fall into the spiral channel, the tailings are constrained by the spiral channel, which tends to sink and enrich the channel bottom, and diverts along the spiral channel to the tailings outlet, so that the concentration of tailings in the vicinity of the inner wall of the flotation chamber is rapidly reduced.
  • the new tailings in the central part of the flotation chamber leaps out a diffusion space with a large difference in concentration, which in turn causes the tailings concentration in the central portion of the flotation chamber to rapidly decrease, and the residence time of the tailings in the flotation chamber is greatly shortened.
  • the bubbles and mineralized bubbles entrained into the spiral channel by the tailings are squeezed out by the gradually thickened tailings layer, effectively eliminating the entrainment of the tailings to the bubbles and mineralized bubbles. This achieves a flotation process using a spiral channel to split the tailings.
  • a spiral channel is arranged on the inner wall surface of the flotation chamber, so that the tailings settle and enrich and directional shunt in the spiral channel by the centrifugal force provided by the outflow slurry, thereby shortening the residence time of the tailings in the flotation chamber and reducing the tail.
  • the concentration of the ore in the flotation chamber reduces the probability of mineralized bubbles being contaminated by tailings, which is conducive to improving the quality of mineralized bubbles.
  • the downward path of the spiral channel is in the same direction as the swirling trajectory of the outflowing slurry, so that the flotation chamber forms a slurry flow field that promotes the rapid diversion of the tailings, which provides a high-efficiency desilting flotation environment for high-density ore flotation.
  • the invention is applicable to all flotation methods and applications.
  • Figure 1 is a flotation device using a spiral channel to split tailings.
  • Figure 2 is a flotation device with multiple tailings outlets.
  • Figure 3 is a flotation device provided with a plurality of spiral passages.
  • Figure 4 is a flotation apparatus using ultrasonic enhanced tailings split.
  • Fig. 1 concentrate groove; 2, spiral channel; 3, mineralized bubble enrichment zone; 4, slurry surface; 5, channel bottom surface; 6, flotation chamber; 7, mineralized bubble outlet; 8, water spray device; 9, flotation device; 10, tailings slurry; 11, tailings outlet; 12, lifting device; 13, driving device; 14, compressed air; 15, compressed air inlet; 16, base; , to be selected pulp; 18, to be selected slurry import; 19, lifting chamber; 20, spiral rotor; 21, spiral gas field; 22, outflow slurry outlet; 23, steady flow device; 24, outflow slurry; , concentrate slurry; 26, concentrate export; 27, tailings slurry; 28, tailings export; 29, tailings slurry; 30, tailings outlet; 31, spiral channel; 32, spiral channel; 33, tailings slurry; Tailing slurry; 35, ultrasonic generating device.
  • Embodiment 4 is a preferred embodiment.
  • the present invention relates to a flotation method for split tailings, which is characterized in that: spiral passage shunt tailings are used, and more than one spiral for slurry enrichment and splitting is arranged on the inner wall surface of the flotation chamber.
  • the channel allows the tailings to be enriched and diverted through the spiral channel and floated.
  • the flotation is to place the tailings in a flotation chamber provided with a spiral passage in the wall surface of the flotation chamber, so that the tailings enter the flotation chamber and then enrich and divert the spiral passage; the outflow slurry
  • the inertial force flows upward through the spiral, so that the mineralized bubbles tend to float upward in the central region of the flotation chamber, and at the same time, the tailings sink to the vicinity of the inner wall of the flotation chamber; the tailings are in gravity and Under the action of centrifugal force, it sinks along the spiral channel to the bottom of the channel; at the same time, the helix angle of the bottom surface of the channel of the spiral channel is larger than the angle of repose of the tailings in the outflow slurry; the tailings settled to the bottom of the channel, along the spiral channel
  • the downward flow causes the tailings entering the area near the inner wall of the flotation chamber to be gradually enriched in the spiral passage, thereby vacating the new tailings of the
  • the bubbles and mineralized bubbles entrained into the spiral channel by the tailings are squeezed out by the tailings ore layer, thereby effectively eliminating the entrainment of the tailings to the bubbles and mineralized bubbles; thereby realizing the flotation of the tailings using spiral channels process.
  • the spiral passage, the top end (starting end) of the spiral passage is disposed below the slurry surface set by the flotation chamber, and the bottom end of the spiral passage ends at the lower portion of the flotation chamber.
  • the cross section of the spiral passage is a grooved (U-shaped) structure, and the bottom surface of the spiral passage groove is spirally arranged on the inner wall of the flotation chamber, and the spiral angle of the spiral passage is larger than the angle of repose of the tailings in the outflow slurry;
  • the spiral path of the top end (end) of the channel is in the same direction as the swirling trajectory of the outflow slurry (either clockwise or counterclockwise).
  • At least one tailings outlet is provided on the corresponding flotation chamber.
  • Each of the spiral passages may be continuous or intermittent; if it is intermittent, the bottom end of the upper spiral passage communicates with an adjacent spiral passage.
  • An ultrasonic generating device is arranged around the flotation chamber, and the ultrasonic wave generated by the ultrasonic generating device is emitted into the flotation chamber; when the tailings enter the flotation chamber, the flotation is performed, and the ultrasonic wave is received.
  • the irradiation causes the flotation process of the split tailings in the spiral channel to become a sweeping process.
  • a device for realizing the above method adopting a spiral channel split tailing flotation device, comprising a flotation chamber and a floating device, characterized in that at least one piece for the enrichment and diversion of the slurry is provided on the inner wall surface of the flotation chamber. Spiral channel.
  • the cross section of the spiral passage is a groove shape, and the spiral passage is spirally arranged on the inner wall surface of the flotation chamber, and the helix angle is larger than the angle of repose of the tailings in the outflow slurry.
  • the flotation chamber is a cylindrical structure, and a floating device is arranged at the bottom of the cylindrical structure.
  • the floating device comprises a floating chamber, a spiral rotor, a driving device and a base, which are arranged in a central region of the bottom of the flotation chamber.
  • the top of the floating chamber is an open structure, and a circulating slurry outlet of the annular structure is arranged at the top of the floating chamber, and at least one inlet of the slurry to be selected is provided at the bottom of the floating chamber.
  • a driving device is arranged under the spiral rotor, and more than one spiral gas field is generated when the spiral rotor rotates.
  • the driving device is disposed outside the bottom of the floating chamber, and the hollow shaft of the spiral rotor passes through the bottom of the floating chamber.
  • More than one ultrasonic wave source generating device is arranged on the outer wall surface of the flotation chamber, and the ultrasonic wave emitted by the ultrasonic wave source generating device is emitted into the flotation chamber, so that the flotation process of the split tailings in the spiral channel becomes a process with ultrasonic sweeping. .
  • spiral channel split tailings flotation method and device are applied to all mineral flotation processes, including lead-zinc ore, bauxite, copper ore, Gold ore, iron ore or rare earth ore metal ore, and flotation of graphite ore, quartz or fluorite ore.
  • Embodiment 1 A flotation device using a spiral channel to split tailings
  • the flotation device 9 shown in Fig. 1 is composed of a flotation chamber 6 and a floatation device 12, and a spiral passage 2 communicating with the tailings outlet 11 is provided on the inner wall surface of the flotation chamber 6.
  • the flotation chamber 6 has a circular mineralized bubble outlet 7 at the top of the open, surrounding the concentrate channel 1 and the water spray device 8; a tailings outlet 11 at the bottom; and a spiral channel 2 at the inner wall surface thereof
  • the bottom is a slope with a slope greater than the angle of repose of the tailings in the outflow slurry 24.
  • the floating device 12 is composed of a floating chamber 19, a spiral rotor 20, a driving device 13 and a base 16, and is disposed at the bottom of the flotation chamber 6.
  • the floating chamber 19 has a circular outflow slurry outlet 22 at its open top, a flow stabilization device 23 with an outflow slurry 24, and a slurry inlet 18 to be selected at the bottom.
  • the spiral rotor 20 is rotated at a set rotational speed to generate a spiral gas field 21. Set the speed to 300-1500 rpm.
  • the driving device 13 is provided with a compressed air inlet 15 for introducing compressed air 14 to the spiral rotor 20, and is disposed at the bottom of the flotation chamber 6, and the hollow shaft of the spiral rotor 20 passes through the bottom of the floating chamber 19.
  • a spiral passage 2 is provided in the inner wall surface of the flotation chamber 6. After the outflow slurry 24 enters the flotation chamber 6, the inertial force of the spiral upward flow by the floating device causes the mineralized bubbles to move toward the central region of the flotation chamber 6, so that the tailings tend to the vicinity of the inner wall of the flotation chamber 6. sink. When the tailings fall into the spiral channel 2, the tailings are constrained by the spiral channel 2, and the channel bottom surface 5 is sunk and enriched, and is branched along the spiral channel 2 to the tailings outlet 11 to make the tail of the area near the inner wall of the flotation chamber 6.
  • the concentration of the ore is rapidly reduced, and the new tailings in the central region of the flotation chamber 6 vacate a diffusion space with a large difference in concentration, thereby rapidly reducing the tailings concentration in the central region of the flotation chamber 6, and the tailings are in the flotation chamber.
  • the residence time in 6 is greatly shortened.
  • the bubbles and mineralized bubbles entrained into the spiral channel 2 by the tailings are squeezed out by the gradually thickened tailings layer, effectively eliminating the entrainment of the tailings to the bubbles and mineralized bubbles. This achieves a flotation process using a spiral channel to split the tailings.
  • Embodiment 2 A flotation device provided with a plurality of tailings outlets
  • Fig. 2 shows the flotation device 9 shown with a spiral passage 2 connecting the three tailings outlets 11, 28 and 30 on the inner wall surface of the flotation chamber 6.
  • the technical principle of the present invention is the same as that of the first embodiment, and its use is mainly applied to the treatment of the slurry to be selected 17 which is high in mud and has ultrafine particles.
  • a low-grade lead-zinc oxide ore contains 40% mud, which is pre-desilted by hydrocyclone cyclone grading, and lead and zinc losses are more than 20%.
  • the flotation flotation is carried out by the prior flotation device, a large amount of mud is suspended in the flotation chamber 6, and when the mineralized bubbles float up to the mineralized bubble enrichment zone 3, the mud has been seriously polluted, resulting in mineralized bubbles entraining mud. Too much, the concentrate grade is reduced. In the flotation process test with a zinc yield of 77%, the zinc concentrate grade is 22%. Continued selection improves the concentrate grade, and the zinc yield decreases. It can be seen that improving the tailings diversion method and reducing the mud concentration of the flotation chamber 6 are of great significance for improving the yield and grade of zinc concentrate.
  • the invention adopts a flotation device 9 provided with a spiral passage 2 and a plurality of tailings outlets 11, 28 and 30, which has the advantages of: sedimentation and enrichment of the slurry into the spiral passage 2 by lowering the sedimentation height of the mud, and allowing settlement and The enriched mud quickly leaves the flotation chamber 6. Tests have shown that this method of splitting ultrafine tailings is effective.
  • the above minerals are floated by a spiral channel with a plurality of tailings outlets, with a zinc yield of over 85% and a zinc grade of over 33%.
  • Embodiment 3 A flotation device provided with a multi-head spiral passage
  • the flotation device 9 shown in Fig. 3 is provided with three passage bottom surfaces 5 on the inner wall surface of the flotation chamber 6 with spiral passages 31, 32 and 2 having a slope greater than the angle of repose of the tailings in the outflow slurry 24.
  • the spiral passage 31 has a bottom end connected to the adjacent spiral passage 32, and the tail slurry 33 in the spiral passage 31 flows into the spiral passage 32 to be merged into the tailing slurry 34;
  • the spiral passage 32 has a bottom end connected to the adjacent spiral passage 2, and the spiral
  • the tailings slurry 34 in the passage 32 flows into the spiral passage 2, into the tailings slurry 10;
  • the spiral passage 2 communicates with the tailings outlet 11, and the tailings slurry 10 is discharged from the tailings outlet 11.
  • the bottom ends of the spiral passages 31, 32 and 2 can also be directly connected to the tailings outlet 11.
  • Embodiments 1 and 2 The technical principle of the present invention is the same as Embodiments 1 and 2.
  • the advantage is that a plurality of spiral passages 31, 32 and 2 are arranged, which further reduces the settlement height of the tailings, and causes the tailings to enter the spiral passages 31, 32 and 2 to settle and enrich. Its use is mainly applied to the treatment of high-sludge and ultra-fine target slurry 17 with target particles.
  • Embodiment 4 A flotation device using ultrasonic enhanced tailings split
  • the flotation device 9, shown consists of a flotation chamber 6 and a floatation device 12.
  • the mine outlet 11 has at least one spiral passage 2 on the inner wall surface thereof, and one or more ultrasonic generating devices 35 on the outer wall surface.
  • the technical principle of the present invention is to activate the ultrasonic generating device 35 to form a set ultrasonic energy field in the vicinity of the inner wall of the flotation chamber 6.
  • the tailings entering this area are impacted by the ultrasonic cavitation bubble flow at high speed, the solid particles are cleaned efficiently, the residual agent is highly dispersed, and the bubbles and mineralized bubbles entrained by the tailings are fully escaped from the tailings slurry 10, The target particles entrained in the ore are subjected to enhanced capture.
  • the ultrasonic energy field is arranged in the vicinity of the inner wall of the flotation chamber 6, which is essentially the intensified sweeping of the tailings; the process of the tailings flowing through the spiral channel 2 is essentially the N-level continuous operation of the tailings.
  • Tests have shown that the mineralized bubble production is significantly increased after the ultrasonic generating device 35 is activated under the conditions of the flotation process. It is confirmed that the use of ultrasonic enhanced tailings diversion has a significant effect on improving target particle yield, concentrate grade and flotation efficiency, and can produce the final tailings in one step, and even qualified grade concentrates, in order to realize the one-step flotation process. Provide technical support.
  • the present invention is applied to the flotation process of ultrafine particles, and a better flotation effect can be obtained.
  • a spiral channel is arranged on the inner wall surface of the flotation chamber, so that the tailings settle and enrich and directional shunt in the spiral channel by the centrifugal force provided by the outflow slurry, shortening the residence time of the tailings in the flotation chamber and reducing the tailings
  • the concentration in the flotation chamber reduces the probability of mineralized bubbles being contaminated by tailings, which is conducive to improving the quality of mineralized bubbles.
  • the downward path of the spiral channel is in the same direction as the swirling trajectory of the outflowing slurry, so that the flotation chamber forms a slurry flow field that promotes the rapid diversion of the tailings, providing a highly efficient desilting flotation environment for the high-density ore flotation.
  • the invention is applicable to the application of all flotation methods and devices, in particular to the development of a one-step flotation process, including lead-zinc ore, bauxite, copper ore, gold-silver ore, iron ore or rare earth ore metal ore, And flotation of graphite ore, quartz or fluorite ore .

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Abstract

A flotation method for splitting tailings comprises: disposing a spiral channel (2) on an inner wall surface of a flotation chamber (6), so that the tailings are split to the spiral channel (2) and enriches the spiral channel (2) after entering the flotation chamber (6); after entering the flotation chamber (6), an effluent ore pulp flowing upward in a spiral manner by means of an inertia force, mineralized bubbles floating upward to a central flotation area, and meanwhile the tailings sinking toward an area near the inner wall of the floatation chamber (6); by means of the gravity of the tailings and a centrifugal force applied on the tailings, the tailings flowing downward along the spiral channel (2), gradually enriching the spiral channel (2), and making a diffusion space with a great concentration difference for newly generated tailings in the floatation chamber (6), so that the concentration of tailings in the floatation chamber (6) is quickly reduced, and bubbles and mineralized bubbles that enter the spiral channel along with the tailings are extruded and escape under the gravity of a tailings layer, thereby eliminating bubbles and mineralized bubbles carried by the tailings, and implementing a floatation process for splitting tailings in the spiral channel (2). Also disclosed are a device for implementing the method, and a use of the method and device. The method and device, and the application thereof improve the quality of the mineralized bubbles.

Description

一种分流尾矿的浮选方法和装置及用途Flotation method and device for split tailings and use thereof 技术领域Technical field
本发明涉及一种选矿的方法和装置及用途，尤其是一种基于浮选原理所改进的分流尾矿的浮选方法和装置及用途，属浮选技术领域。 The invention relates to a method and a device for beneficiation and a use thereof, in particular to a flotation method and device and a use thereof for the shunt tailings improved based on the flotation principle, and belongs to the technical field of flotation.
背景技术 Background technique
众所周知的浮选方法，其实施装置有两种：  The well-known flotation method has two implementation devices:
其一为一种浮选柱。浮选柱的浮选腔室，其壁面中上部设有待选矿浆进口，其敞口顶部为矿化气泡出口，其底部设有尾矿出口和气泡产生装置。气泡产生装置产出的气泡，在向矿浆液面上浮的过程中，与待选矿浆逆向碰撞，吸附目标颗粒，实现气泡矿化。矿化气泡上浮到矿化气泡富集区经过富集，溢出矿化气泡出口，产出精矿。不被气泡吸附的非目标颗粒，其粗大和重质颗粒快速下沉到尾矿出口，产出尾矿；其细小和轻质颗粒与气泡或矿化气泡逆向碰撞，被牵引上浮，形成上下翻腾流态，缓慢下沉到尾矿出口，产出尾矿。可以看出，在浮选柱的浮选过程中，尾矿被气泡优先吸附，尾矿是从浮选腔室直达浮选腔室底部的尾矿出口。One is a flotation column. The flotation chamber of the flotation column has a slurry inlet to be selected in the upper middle part of the wall surface, and the open top is a mineralized bubble outlet, and the tail end is provided with a tailings outlet and a bubble generating device. The bubbles produced by the bubble generating device collide with the to-be-selected slurry in the process of floating to the slurry, and adsorb the target particles to realize bubble mineralization. The mineralized bubbles float up to the mineralized bubble enrichment area and are enriched, overflowing the mineralized bubble outlet, and producing concentrate. Non-target particles that are not adsorbed by bubbles, their coarse and heavy particles quickly sink to the tailings outlet, producing tailings; their fine and light particles collide with bubbles or mineralized bubbles in reverse, are pulled up and floated, forming up and down The flow state slowly sinks to the tailings outlet and produces tailings. It can be seen that during the flotation of the flotation column, the tailings are preferentially adsorbed by the bubbles, and the tailings are the tailings outlets from the flotation chamber to the bottom of the flotation chamber.
其二为一种浮选机（或称浮选槽）。浮选机的浮选腔室，其壁面和（或）底部设有至少一个尾矿出口，其敞口顶部为矿化气泡出口，其底部设有待选矿浆进口和起浮装置（包含转子、定子、中空轴和气泡产生装置）。通过中空轴导入压缩空气，在起浮装置内形成设定气场产生气泡，实现气泡矿化。起浮装置出流矿浆，在浮选腔室内继续发生气泡矿化并实现气固分离：矿化气泡上浮到矿化气泡富集区富集，溢出矿化气泡出口，产出精矿。不被气泡吸附的非目标颗粒，其粗大和重质颗粒快速下沉到尾矿出口，产出尾矿；其细小和轻质颗粒与气泡或矿化气泡逆向碰撞，被牵引上浮，形成上下翻腾流态，缓慢下沉到尾矿出口，产出尾矿。可以看出，在浮选机的浮选过程中，目标颗粒被气泡优先吸附，尾矿是从浮选腔室直达浮选腔室壁面和（或）底部的的尾矿出口。The second is a flotation machine (or flotation cell). The flotation chamber of the flotation machine has at least one tailings outlet at the wall surface and/or the bottom thereof, and the open top is a mineralized bubble outlet, and the bottom of the flotation is provided with a slurry inlet and a floating device (including a rotor and a stator). , hollow shaft and bubble generating device). The compressed air is introduced through the hollow shaft, and bubbles are generated in the set gas field in the floating device to realize bubble mineralization. The floating device discharges the slurry, and the bubble mineralization continues to occur in the flotation chamber and the gas-solid separation is realized: the mineralized bubble floats up to the mineralized bubble enrichment zone to enrich, overflows the mineralized bubble outlet, and produces the concentrate. Non-target particles that are not adsorbed by bubbles, their coarse and heavy particles quickly sink to the tailings outlet, producing tailings; their fine and light particles collide with bubbles or mineralized bubbles in reverse, are pulled up and floated, forming up and down The flow state slowly sinks to the tailings outlet and produces tailings. It can be seen that during the flotation process of the flotation machine, the target particles are preferentially adsorbed by the bubbles, and the tailings are the tailings outlets from the flotation chamber directly to the wall and/or bottom of the flotation chamber.
由此可见，在先浮选方法及装置，其尾矿分流方法的共同特征是：尾矿是从浮选腔室直达浮选腔室壁面和（或）底部的尾矿出口。其明显缺陷是：当待选矿浆含有比重较大的细小轻质非目标颗粒，尤其是目标颗粒与非目标颗粒的可浮性较接近时，尾矿沉降与分流（排出浮选腔室）速度就会减慢，尾矿滞留浮选腔室时间就会拉长，浮选腔室内的尾矿浓度就会升高，导致矿化气泡被尾矿污染几率增大，尾矿夹带气泡和矿化气泡几率增大，矿化气泡质量和产量降低，浮选效果下降。It can be seen that the common feature of the prior flotation method and apparatus is that the tailings are the tailings outlet from the flotation chamber directly to the wall and/or bottom of the flotation chamber. The obvious defect is: when the slurry to be selected contains fine and light non-target particles with a large specific gravity, especially when the target particles are close to the non-target particles, the tailings settle and split (exit the flotation chamber). It will slow down, the tailings will stay in the flotation chamber for a long time, the concentration of tailings in the flotation chamber will increase, and the probability of mineralized bubbles being contaminated by tailings will increase, and the tailings will entrain bubbles and mineralization. The probability of bubbles increases, the quality and yield of mineralized bubbles decrease, and the flotation effect decreases.
因此很有必要加以改进。Therefore, it is necessary to improve it.
技术问题 technical problem
本发明的目的是：针对在先尾矿分流方法效率低的不足，提出一种能实现尾矿快速分流，缩短尾矿在浮选腔室内的滞留时间，提高浮选腔室容积的利用效率，提高矿化气泡质量和产率，并减轻后置输送过程气蚀效应的分流尾矿的浮选方法。 The object of the present invention is to provide a method for realizing the rapid diversion of tailings, shortening the residence time of tailings in the flotation chamber, and improving the utilization efficiency of the flotation chamber volume, in view of the inefficiency of the prior tailings diversion method. A flotation method for splitting tailings that enhances the quality and yield of mineralized bubbles and mitigates the cavitation effects of the post-transport process.
本发明的另一目的是：提出一种实现上述分流尾矿浮选方法的浮选装置。 Another object of the present invention is to provide a flotation apparatus for realizing the above-described split tailings flotation method.
本发明的另一目的是：提出一种上述分流尾矿浮选方法和装置的用途。 Another object of the invention is to provide a use of the above-described split tailings flotation method and apparatus.
技术解决方案Technical solution
本发明所采取的技术方案是：一种分流尾矿的浮选方法，其特征是：采用螺旋通道分流尾矿，在浮选腔室内壁壁面设置一条以上用于矿浆富集和分流的螺旋通道，使尾矿经螺旋通道富集和分流，并进行浮选。The technical scheme adopted by the invention is: a flotation method for splitting tailings, which is characterized in that: a spiral channel is used to split tailings, and more than one spiral channel for slurry enrichment and splitting is arranged on the inner wall surface of the flotation chamber. The tailings are enriched and diverted through the spiral channel and floated.
所述的浮选是将尾矿置于一种在浮选腔室内壁壁面设置有螺旋通道的浮选腔室内，使尾矿进入浮选腔室后向螺旋通道富集和分流；出流矿浆进入浮选腔室后，借助惯性力通过螺旋向上流动，使矿化气泡趋向浮选腔室中央区域上浮，同时使尾矿向浮选腔室内壁附近区域下沉；尾矿在重力和其所受离心力的作用下，沿着螺旋通道向通道底面下沉；同时，螺旋通道的通道底面的螺旋角大于尾矿在出流矿浆中的安息角；沉降到通道底面的尾矿，沿螺旋通道向下流动，使进入浮选腔室内壁附近区域的尾矿在螺旋通道中逐渐富集，为浮选腔室的新生尾矿腾出浓度差较大的扩散空间，进而使浮选腔室中的尾矿浓度快速降低，尾矿在浮选腔室内的滞留时间大幅缩短。被尾矿夹带进入螺旋通道的气泡和矿化气泡，被尾矿矿层重力挤压逸出，从而有效消除尾矿对气泡和矿化气泡的夹带；由此实现采用螺旋通道分流尾矿的浮选过程。The flotation is to place the tailings in a flotation chamber provided with a spiral passage in the wall surface of the flotation chamber, so that the tailings enter the flotation chamber and then enrich and divert the spiral passage; the outflow slurry After entering the flotation chamber, the inertial force flows upward through the spiral, so that the mineralized bubbles tend to float upward in the central region of the flotation chamber, and at the same time, the tailings sink to the vicinity of the inner wall of the flotation chamber; the tailings are in gravity and Under the action of centrifugal force, it sinks along the spiral channel to the bottom of the channel; at the same time, the helix angle of the bottom surface of the channel of the spiral channel is larger than the angle of repose of the tailings in the outflow slurry; the tailings settled to the bottom of the channel, along the spiral channel The downward flow causes the tailings entering the area near the inner wall of the flotation chamber to be gradually enriched in the spiral passage, thereby vacating the new tailings of the flotation chamber to a diffusion space having a large difference in concentration, thereby making the flotation chamber The concentration of tailings is rapidly reduced, and the residence time of tailings in the flotation chamber is greatly shortened. The bubbles and mineralized bubbles entrained into the spiral channel by the tailings are squeezed out by the tailings ore layer, thereby effectively eliminating the entrainment of the tailings to the bubbles and mineralized bubbles; thereby realizing the flotation of the tailings using spiral channels process.
所述的螺旋通道，螺旋通道的顶端（起端）设于浮选腔室设定的矿浆液面之下，螺旋通道的底端止于浮选腔室的下部。The spiral passage, the top end (starting end) of the spiral passage is disposed below the slurry surface set by the flotation chamber, and the bottom end of the spiral passage ends at the lower portion of the flotation chamber.
所述螺旋通道横截面为沟槽式（U型）结构，螺旋通道沟槽的底面螺旋布置在浮选腔室内壁上，螺旋通道的螺旋角大于尾矿在出流矿浆中的安息角；螺旋通道顶端到底端（末端）的螺旋轨迹与出流矿浆的旋流轨迹为同向（同为顺时针方向，或同为逆时针方向）。The cross section of the spiral passage is a grooved (U-shaped) structure, and the bottom surface of the spiral passage groove is spirally arranged on the inner wall of the flotation chamber, and the spiral angle of the spiral passage is larger than the angle of repose of the tailings in the outflow slurry; The spiral path of the top end (end) of the channel is in the same direction as the swirling trajectory of the outflow slurry (either clockwise or counterclockwise).
在所述的螺旋通道的顶端到底端（包括底端）的通道区间内，对应的浮选腔室内壁壁面上至少设有一个尾矿出口。In the passage section of the top end of the spiral passage (including the bottom end), at least one tailings outlet is provided on the wall surface of the corresponding flotation chamber.
所述的每一条螺旋通道可以是连续的，也可以是间断的；如果是间断时，上一条螺旋通道的底端与一条相邻的螺旋通道相连通。Each of the spiral passages may be continuous or intermittent; if it is intermittent, the bottom end of the upper spiral passage communicates with an adjacent spiral passage.
在所述的浮选腔室周围设有超声波发生装置，超声波发生装置所发出的超声波向浮选腔室内发射；当尾矿进入浮选腔室后，在进行浮选的同时，还将接受超声波的照射，使螺旋通道内分流尾矿的浮选过程变成扫选过程。An ultrasonic generating device is arranged around the flotation chamber, and the ultrasonic wave generated by the ultrasonic generating device is emitted into the flotation chamber; when the tailings enter the flotation chamber, the flotation is performed, and the ultrasonic wave is received. The irradiation causes the flotation process of the split tailings in the spiral channel to become a sweeping process.
一种实现上述方法，采用螺旋通道分流尾矿浮选的装置，包括浮选腔室和起浮装置，其特征是：在浮选腔室内壁壁面设有一条以上用于矿浆富集和分流的螺旋通道。A device for realizing the above method, adopting a spiral channel split tailing flotation device, comprising a flotation chamber and a floating device, characterized in that: more than one is used for enrichment and diversion of the slurry in the wall surface of the flotation chamber. Spiral channel.
所述的螺旋通道的截面为沟槽状，螺旋通道螺旋状布置在浮选腔室内壁壁面上，其螺旋角大于尾矿在出流矿浆中的安息角。The cross section of the spiral passage is a groove shape, and the spiral passage is spirally arranged on the inner wall surface of the flotation chamber, and the helix angle is larger than the angle of repose of the tailings in the outflow slurry.
所述的螺旋通道为一条以上，可以是多条螺旋通道相互平行布置在浮选腔室内壁壁面上；The spiral passages are more than one, and the plurality of spiral passages may be arranged parallel to each other on the inner wall surface of the flotation chamber;
所述的浮选腔室为筒状结构，在筒状结构的底部设有起浮装置。The flotation chamber is a cylindrical structure, and a floating device is arranged at the bottom of the cylindrical structure.
所述的起浮装置，包括起浮腔室、螺旋转子、驱动装置和底座，设于浮选腔室底部中央区域。The floating device comprises a floating chamber, a spiral rotor, a driving device and a base, which are arranged in a central region of the bottom of the flotation chamber.
所述的起浮腔室的顶部为敞口结构，在起浮腔室的顶部***有一圈环形结构的出流矿浆出口，在起浮腔室的底部设有至少一个待选矿浆进口。The top of the floating chamber is an open structure, and a circulating slurry outlet of the annular structure is arranged at the top of the floating chamber, and at least one inlet of the slurry to be selected is provided at the bottom of the floating chamber.
所述的螺旋转子下设有驱动装置，螺旋转子旋转时产生一个以上螺旋气场。A driving device is arranged under the spiral rotor, and more than one spiral gas field is generated when the spiral rotor rotates.
所述的驱动装置设于起浮腔室的底部外，螺旋转子中空轴穿过起浮腔室底部。The driving device is disposed outside the bottom of the floating chamber, and the hollow shaft of the spiral rotor passes through the bottom of the floating chamber.
在浮选腔室外壁壁面设置一个以上超声波发生装置，超声波发生装置所发射的超声波向浮选腔室内发射，使螺旋通道内分流尾矿的浮选过程变成一个带超声波扫选的过程。More than one ultrasonic generating device is arranged on the outer wall surface of the flotation chamber, and the ultrasonic wave emitted by the ultrasonic generating device is emitted into the flotation chamber, so that the flotation process of the split tailings in the spiral passage becomes a process with ultrasonic sweeping.
一种上述螺旋通道分流尾矿浮选方法及装置的用途，所述的螺旋通道分流尾矿浮选方法及装置可以应用于所有矿物的浮选过程。The use of the above spiral channel split tailings flotation method and device, the spiral channel split tailings flotation method and device can be applied to all mineral flotation processes.
本发明的技术原理是：在浮选腔室内壁壁面设置至少一条螺旋通道。出流矿浆进入浮选腔室后，借起浮装置其螺旋向上流动的惯性力，使矿化气泡趋向浮选腔室中央区域上浮，使尾矿趋向浮选腔室内壁附近区域下沉。当尾矿落入螺旋通道，尾矿即受螺旋通道约束，趋向通道底面下沉和富集，沿螺旋通道向尾矿出口分流，使浮选腔室内壁附近区域的尾矿浓度迅速降低，为浮选腔室中央区域的新生尾矿腾出浓度差较大的扩散空间，进而使浮选腔室中央区域的尾矿浓度迅速降低，尾矿在浮选腔室内的滞留时间大幅缩短。被尾矿夹带进入螺旋通道的气泡和矿化气泡，被逐渐增厚的尾矿矿层挤压逸出，有效消除尾矿对气泡和矿化气泡的夹带。由此实现采用螺旋通道分流尾矿的浮选过程。The technical principle of the invention is that at least one spiral channel is arranged on the wall surface of the interior of the flotation chamber. After the outflow slurry enters the flotation chamber, the inertial force of the spiral upward flow by the floating device causes the mineralized bubble to float toward the central region of the flotation chamber, so that the tailings tend to sink toward the vicinity of the inner wall of the flotation chamber. When the tailings fall into the spiral channel, the tailings are constrained by the spiral channel, which tends to sink and enrich the channel bottom, and diverts along the spiral channel to the tailings outlet, so that the concentration of tailings in the vicinity of the inner wall of the flotation chamber is rapidly reduced. The new tailings in the central part of the flotation chamber leaps out a diffusion space with a large difference in concentration, which in turn causes the tailings concentration in the central portion of the flotation chamber to rapidly decrease, and the residence time of the tailings in the flotation chamber is greatly shortened. The bubbles and mineralized bubbles entrained into the spiral channel by the tailings are squeezed out by the gradually thickened tailings layer, effectively eliminating the entrainment of the tailings to the bubbles and mineralized bubbles. This achieves a flotation process using a spiral channel to split the tailings.
有益效果Beneficial effect
本发明的优点是：The advantages of the invention are:
1）在浮选腔室内壁壁面设置螺旋通道，使尾矿借助出流矿浆提供的离心力在螺旋通道内沉降富集和定向分流，缩短了尾矿在浮选腔室内的滞留时间，降低了尾矿在浮选腔室内的浓度，减少了矿化气泡被尾矿污染的几率，有利于提高矿化气泡质量。1) A spiral channel is arranged on the inner wall surface of the flotation chamber, so that the tailings settle and enrich and directional shunt in the spiral channel by the centrifugal force provided by the outflow slurry, thereby shortening the residence time of the tailings in the flotation chamber and reducing the tail. The concentration of the ore in the flotation chamber reduces the probability of mineralized bubbles being contaminated by tailings, which is conducive to improving the quality of mineralized bubbles.
2）落入螺旋通道内的尾矿，在定向流向尾矿出口的路程中，浓度增大，矿层增厚，使被尾矿夹带的气泡和矿化气泡被矿层挤压逸出，有利于提高矿化气泡产率，减轻后置输送过程的气蚀效应。2) The tailings falling into the spiral channel, in the direction of the directional flow to the tailings outlet, the concentration increases and the ore layer thickens, so that the bubbles and mineralized bubbles entrained by the tailings are squeezed out by the ore layer, which is beneficial to improve Mineralized bubble yield reduces the cavitation effect of the post-transport process.
3）螺旋通道下行轨迹与出流矿浆旋流轨迹同向，使浮选腔室内形成促进尾矿快速分流的矿浆流场，为高含泥矿石浮选提供了高效脱泥的浮选环境。3) The downward path of the spiral channel is in the same direction as the swirling trajectory of the outflowing slurry, so that the flotation chamber forms a slurry flow field that promotes the rapid diversion of the tailings, which provides a high-efficiency desilting flotation environment for high-density ore flotation.
4）本发明适应于所有浮选方法及装置的应用。4) The invention is applicable to all flotation methods and applications.
附图说明DRAWINGS
图1为一种采用螺旋通道分流尾矿的浮选装置。Figure 1 is a flotation device using a spiral channel to split tailings.
图2为一种设有多个尾矿出口的浮选装置。Figure 2 is a flotation device with multiple tailings outlets.
图3为一种设有多条螺旋通道的浮选装置。Figure 3 is a flotation device provided with a plurality of spiral passages.
图4为一种采用超声波强化尾矿分流的浮选装置。Figure 4 is a flotation apparatus using ultrasonic enhanced tailings split.
图1中，1、精矿沟槽；2、螺旋通道；3、矿化气泡富集区；4、矿浆液面；5、通道底面；6、浮选腔室；7、矿化气泡出口；8、喷水装置；9、浮选装置；10、尾矿浆；11、尾矿出口；12、起浮装置；13、驱动装置；14、压缩空气；15、压缩空气进口；16、底座；17、待选矿浆；18、待选矿浆进口；19、起浮腔室；20、螺旋转子；21、螺旋气场；22、出流矿浆出口；23、稳流装置；24、出流矿浆；25、精矿浆；26、精矿出口；27、尾矿浆；28、尾矿出口；29、尾矿浆；30、尾矿出口；31、螺旋通道；32、螺旋通道；33、尾矿浆；34、尾矿浆；35、超声波发生装置。In Fig. 1, 1, concentrate groove; 2, spiral channel; 3, mineralized bubble enrichment zone; 4, slurry surface; 5, channel bottom surface; 6, flotation chamber; 7, mineralized bubble outlet; 8, water spray device; 9, flotation device; 10, tailings slurry; 11, tailings outlet; 12, lifting device; 13, driving device; 14, compressed air; 15, compressed air inlet; 16, base; , to be selected pulp; 18, to be selected slurry import; 19, lifting chamber; 20, spiral rotor; 21, spiral gas field; 22, outflow slurry outlet; 23, steady flow device; 24, outflow slurry; , concentrate slurry; 26, concentrate export; 27, tailings slurry; 28, tailings export; 29, tailings slurry; 30, tailings outlet; 31, spiral channel; 32, spiral channel; 33, tailings slurry; Tailing slurry; 35, ultrasonic generating device.
本发明的最佳实施方式BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
实施例四为最佳实施方式。 Embodiment 4 is a preferred embodiment.
本发明的实施方式Embodiments of the invention
下面结合附图和实施例对本发明作进一步的描述，但本发明的保护范围并不局限于实施例所描述的范围。 The invention is further described below in conjunction with the drawings and embodiments, but the scope of the invention is not limited by the scope of the embodiments.
通过附图可以看出，本发明涉及一种分流尾矿的浮选方法，其特征是：采用螺旋通道分流尾矿，在浮选腔室内壁壁面设置一条以上用于矿浆富集和分流的螺旋通道，使尾矿经螺旋通道富集和分流，并进行浮选。 As can be seen from the accompanying drawings, the present invention relates to a flotation method for split tailings, which is characterized in that: spiral passage shunt tailings are used, and more than one spiral for slurry enrichment and splitting is arranged on the inner wall surface of the flotation chamber. The channel allows the tailings to be enriched and diverted through the spiral channel and floated.
所述的浮选是将尾矿置于一种在浮选腔室内壁壁面设置有螺旋通道的浮选腔室内，使尾矿进入浮选腔室后向螺旋通道富集和分流；出流矿浆进入浮选腔室后，借助惯性力通过螺旋向上流动，使矿化气泡趋向浮选腔室中央区域上浮，同时使尾矿向浮选腔室内壁附近区域下沉；尾矿在重力和其所受离心力的作用下，沿着螺旋通道向通道底面下沉；同时，螺旋通道的通道底面的螺旋角大于尾矿在出流矿浆中的安息角；沉降到通道底面的尾矿，沿螺旋通道向下流动，使进入浮选腔室内壁附近区域的尾矿在螺旋通道中逐渐富集，为浮选腔室的新生尾矿腾出浓度差较大的扩散空间，进而使浮选腔室中的尾矿浓度快速降低，尾矿在浮选腔室内的滞留时间大幅缩短。被尾矿夹带进入螺旋通道的气泡和矿化气泡，被尾矿矿层重力挤压逸出，从而有效消除尾矿对气泡和矿化气泡的夹带；由此实现采用螺旋通道分流尾矿的浮选过程。 The flotation is to place the tailings in a flotation chamber provided with a spiral passage in the wall surface of the flotation chamber, so that the tailings enter the flotation chamber and then enrich and divert the spiral passage; the outflow slurry After entering the flotation chamber, the inertial force flows upward through the spiral, so that the mineralized bubbles tend to float upward in the central region of the flotation chamber, and at the same time, the tailings sink to the vicinity of the inner wall of the flotation chamber; the tailings are in gravity and Under the action of centrifugal force, it sinks along the spiral channel to the bottom of the channel; at the same time, the helix angle of the bottom surface of the channel of the spiral channel is larger than the angle of repose of the tailings in the outflow slurry; the tailings settled to the bottom of the channel, along the spiral channel The downward flow causes the tailings entering the area near the inner wall of the flotation chamber to be gradually enriched in the spiral passage, thereby vacating the new tailings of the flotation chamber to a diffusion space having a large difference in concentration, thereby making the flotation chamber The concentration of tailings is rapidly reduced, and the residence time of tailings in the flotation chamber is greatly shortened. The bubbles and mineralized bubbles entrained into the spiral channel by the tailings are squeezed out by the tailings ore layer, thereby effectively eliminating the entrainment of the tailings to the bubbles and mineralized bubbles; thereby realizing the flotation of the tailings using spiral channels process.
所述的螺旋通道，螺旋通道的顶端（起端）设于浮选腔室设定的矿浆液面之下，螺旋通道的底端止于浮选腔室的下部。 The spiral passage, the top end (starting end) of the spiral passage is disposed below the slurry surface set by the flotation chamber, and the bottom end of the spiral passage ends at the lower portion of the flotation chamber.
所述螺旋通道横截面为沟槽式（U型）结构，螺旋通道沟槽的底面螺旋布置在浮选腔室内壁上，螺旋通道的螺旋角大于尾矿在出流矿浆中的安息角；螺旋通道顶端到底端（末端）的螺旋轨迹与出流矿浆的旋流轨迹为同向（同为顺时针方向，或同为逆时针方向）。 The cross section of the spiral passage is a grooved (U-shaped) structure, and the bottom surface of the spiral passage groove is spirally arranged on the inner wall of the flotation chamber, and the spiral angle of the spiral passage is larger than the angle of repose of the tailings in the outflow slurry; The spiral path of the top end (end) of the channel is in the same direction as the swirling trajectory of the outflow slurry (either clockwise or counterclockwise).
在所述的螺旋通道的顶端到底端（包括底端）的通道区间内，对应的浮选腔室上至少设有一个尾矿出口。 In the passage section of the top end of the spiral passage (including the bottom end), at least one tailings outlet is provided on the corresponding flotation chamber.
所述的每一条螺旋通道可以是连续的，也可以是间断的；如果是间断时，上一条螺旋通道的底端与一条相邻的螺旋通道相连通。 Each of the spiral passages may be continuous or intermittent; if it is intermittent, the bottom end of the upper spiral passage communicates with an adjacent spiral passage.
在所述的浮选腔室周围设有超声波发生装置，超声波发生装置所发出的超声波向浮选腔室内发射；当尾矿进入浮选腔室后，在进行浮选的同时，还将接受超声波的照射，使螺旋通道内分流尾矿的浮选过程变成扫选过程。 An ultrasonic generating device is arranged around the flotation chamber, and the ultrasonic wave generated by the ultrasonic generating device is emitted into the flotation chamber; when the tailings enter the flotation chamber, the flotation is performed, and the ultrasonic wave is received. The irradiation causes the flotation process of the split tailings in the spiral channel to become a sweeping process.
一种实现上述方法，采用螺旋通道分流尾矿浮选的装置，包括浮选腔室和起浮装置，其特征是：在浮选腔室内壁壁面设有至少一条用于矿浆富集和分流的螺旋通道。 A device for realizing the above method, adopting a spiral channel split tailing flotation device, comprising a flotation chamber and a floating device, characterized in that at least one piece for the enrichment and diversion of the slurry is provided on the inner wall surface of the flotation chamber. Spiral channel.
所述的螺旋通道的截面为沟槽状，螺旋通道螺旋状布置在浮选腔室内壁壁面上，其螺旋角大于尾矿在出流矿浆中安息角。 The cross section of the spiral passage is a groove shape, and the spiral passage is spirally arranged on the inner wall surface of the flotation chamber, and the helix angle is larger than the angle of repose of the tailings in the outflow slurry.
所述的浮选腔室为筒状结构，在筒状结构的底部设有起浮装置。 The flotation chamber is a cylindrical structure, and a floating device is arranged at the bottom of the cylindrical structure.
所述的起浮装置，包括起浮腔室、螺旋转子、驱动装置和底座，设于浮选腔室底部中央区域。 The floating device comprises a floating chamber, a spiral rotor, a driving device and a base, which are arranged in a central region of the bottom of the flotation chamber.
所述的起浮腔室的顶部为敞口结构，在起浮腔室的顶部***有一圈环形结构的出流矿浆出口，在起浮腔室的底部设有至少一个待选矿浆进口。 The top of the floating chamber is an open structure, and a circulating slurry outlet of the annular structure is arranged at the top of the floating chamber, and at least one inlet of the slurry to be selected is provided at the bottom of the floating chamber.
所述的螺旋转子下设有驱动装置，螺旋转子旋转时产生一个以上螺旋气场。 A driving device is arranged under the spiral rotor, and more than one spiral gas field is generated when the spiral rotor rotates.
所述的驱动装置设于起浮腔室的底部外，螺旋转子中空轴穿过起浮腔室底部。 The driving device is disposed outside the bottom of the floating chamber, and the hollow shaft of the spiral rotor passes through the bottom of the floating chamber.
在浮选腔室外壁壁面设置一个以上超声波波源发生装置，超声波波源发生装置所发射的超声波向浮选腔室内发射，使螺旋通道内分流尾矿的浮选过程变成一个带超声波扫选的过程。 More than one ultrasonic wave source generating device is arranged on the outer wall surface of the flotation chamber, and the ultrasonic wave emitted by the ultrasonic wave source generating device is emitted into the flotation chamber, so that the flotation process of the split tailings in the spiral channel becomes a process with ultrasonic sweeping. .
一种上述螺旋通道分流尾矿浮选方法及装置的用途，所述的螺旋通道分流尾矿浮选方法及装置应用于所有矿物的浮选过程，包括铅锌矿、铝土矿、铜矿、金银矿、铁矿或稀土矿金属矿，以及石墨矿、石英矿或萤石矿非金属矿的浮选。 The use of the above spiral channel split tailings flotation method and device, the spiral channel split tailings flotation method and device are applied to all mineral flotation processes, including lead-zinc ore, bauxite, copper ore, Gold ore, iron ore or rare earth ore metal ore, and flotation of graphite ore, quartz or fluorite ore.
实施例一： 一种采用螺旋通道分流尾矿的浮选装置 Embodiment 1: A flotation device using a spiral channel to split tailings
图1所示的浮选装置9，由浮选腔室6和起浮装置12组成，在浮选腔室6内壁壁面设有连通尾矿出口11的螺旋通道2。 The flotation device 9 shown in Fig. 1 is composed of a flotation chamber 6 and a floatation device 12, and a spiral passage 2 communicating with the tailings outlet 11 is provided on the inner wall surface of the flotation chamber 6.
浮选腔室6，其敞口顶部为圆形的矿化气泡出口7，环绕设置精矿沟槽1和喷水装置8；其底部设有尾矿出口11；其内壁壁面设有螺旋通道2；其底部是一个坡度大于尾矿在出流矿浆24中安息角的斜面。 The flotation chamber 6 has a circular mineralized bubble outlet 7 at the top of the open, surrounding the concentrate channel 1 and the water spray device 8; a tailings outlet 11 at the bottom; and a spiral channel 2 at the inner wall surface thereof The bottom is a slope with a slope greater than the angle of repose of the tailings in the outflow slurry 24.
起浮装置12，由起浮腔室19、螺旋转子20、驱动装置13和底座16组成，设于浮选腔室6底部。 The floating device 12 is composed of a floating chamber 19, a spiral rotor 20, a driving device 13 and a base 16, and is disposed at the bottom of the flotation chamber 6.
起浮腔室19，其敞口顶部为圆形的出流矿浆出口22，设有出流矿浆24的稳流装置23，其底部设有待选矿浆进口18。 The floating chamber 19 has a circular outflow slurry outlet 22 at its open top, a flow stabilization device 23 with an outflow slurry 24, and a slurry inlet 18 to be selected at the bottom.
螺旋转子20，按设定转速旋转产生螺旋气场21。设定转速为300-1500转/分。 The spiral rotor 20 is rotated at a set rotational speed to generate a spiral gas field 21. Set the speed to 300-1500 rpm.
驱动装置13，设有向螺旋转子20导入压缩空气14的压缩空气进口15，设于浮选腔室6底部，其螺旋转子20中空轴穿过起浮腔室19底部。 The driving device 13 is provided with a compressed air inlet 15 for introducing compressed air 14 to the spiral rotor 20, and is disposed at the bottom of the flotation chamber 6, and the hollow shaft of the spiral rotor 20 passes through the bottom of the floating chamber 19.
本发明的技术原理是： 在浮选腔室6内壁壁面设置一条螺旋通道2。出流矿浆24进入浮选腔室6后，借起浮装置其螺旋向上流动的惯性力，使矿化气泡趋向浮选腔室6中央区域上浮，使尾矿趋向浮选腔室6内壁附近区域下沉。当尾矿落入螺旋通道2，尾矿即受螺旋通道2约束，趋向通道底面5下沉和富集，沿螺旋通道2向尾矿出口11分流，使浮选腔室6内壁附近区域的尾矿浓度迅速降低，为浮选腔室6中央区域的新生尾矿腾出浓度差较大的扩散空间，进而使浮选腔室6中央区域的尾矿浓度迅速降低，尾矿在浮选腔室6内的滞留时间大幅缩短。被尾矿夹带进入螺旋通道2的气泡和矿化气泡，被逐渐增厚的尾矿矿层挤压逸出，有效消除尾矿对气泡和矿化气泡的夹带。由此实现采用螺旋通道分流尾矿的浮选过程。 The technical principle of the present invention is: A spiral passage 2 is provided in the inner wall surface of the flotation chamber 6. After the outflow slurry 24 enters the flotation chamber 6, the inertial force of the spiral upward flow by the floating device causes the mineralized bubbles to move toward the central region of the flotation chamber 6, so that the tailings tend to the vicinity of the inner wall of the flotation chamber 6. sink. When the tailings fall into the spiral channel 2, the tailings are constrained by the spiral channel 2, and the channel bottom surface 5 is sunk and enriched, and is branched along the spiral channel 2 to the tailings outlet 11 to make the tail of the area near the inner wall of the flotation chamber 6. The concentration of the ore is rapidly reduced, and the new tailings in the central region of the flotation chamber 6 vacate a diffusion space with a large difference in concentration, thereby rapidly reducing the tailings concentration in the central region of the flotation chamber 6, and the tailings are in the flotation chamber. The residence time in 6 is greatly shortened. The bubbles and mineralized bubbles entrained into the spiral channel 2 by the tailings are squeezed out by the gradually thickened tailings layer, effectively eliminating the entrainment of the tailings to the bubbles and mineralized bubbles. This achieves a flotation process using a spiral channel to split the tailings.
实施例二： 一种设有多个尾矿出口的浮选装置 Embodiment 2: A flotation device provided with a plurality of tailings outlets
图2为所示的浮选装置9，在浮选腔室6内壁壁面设有连通三个尾矿出口11、28和30的螺旋通道2。本发明的技术原理与实施例一是相同的，其用途主要应用于高含泥且目标颗粒超细的待选矿浆17处理。 Fig. 2 shows the flotation device 9 shown with a spiral passage 2 connecting the three tailings outlets 11, 28 and 30 on the inner wall surface of the flotation chamber 6. The technical principle of the present invention is the same as that of the first embodiment, and its use is mainly applied to the treatment of the slurry to be selected 17 which is high in mud and has ultrafine particles.
对于目标颗粒超细且矿石含泥较高的矿物，预先脱泥往往会造成目标颗粒的大量损失。比如，某低品位铅锌氧化矿含泥40%，采用水力旋流器旋流分级预先脱泥，铅锌损失均超过20%。但采用在先浮选装置带泥浮选时，大量泥浆悬浮在浮选腔室6内，矿化气泡上浮到矿化气泡富集区3时，已被泥浆严重污染，导致矿化气泡夹带泥浆过多，精矿品位降低。在锌收率77%的浮选工艺试验中，锌精矿品位为22%，继续精选提高精矿品位，则锌收率降低。由此可见，改善尾矿分流方法，降低浮选腔室6泥浆浓度，对提高锌精矿收率和品位具有重要意义。 For minerals with ultra-fine target particles and high ore content, pre-desilting tends to cause large losses of target particles. For example, a low-grade lead-zinc oxide ore contains 40% mud, which is pre-desilted by hydrocyclone cyclone grading, and lead and zinc losses are more than 20%. However, when the flotation flotation is carried out by the prior flotation device, a large amount of mud is suspended in the flotation chamber 6, and when the mineralized bubbles float up to the mineralized bubble enrichment zone 3, the mud has been seriously polluted, resulting in mineralized bubbles entraining mud. Too much, the concentrate grade is reduced. In the flotation process test with a zinc yield of 77%, the zinc concentrate grade is 22%. Continued selection improves the concentrate grade, and the zinc yield decreases. It can be seen that improving the tailings diversion method and reducing the mud concentration of the flotation chamber 6 are of great significance for improving the yield and grade of zinc concentrate.
本发明采用设有一条螺旋通道2和多个尾矿出口11、28和30的浮选装置9，优点在于：通过降低泥浆沉降高度，使泥浆进入螺旋通道2沉降和富集，并让沉降和富集的泥浆快速开路离开浮选腔室6。试验证明，这种分流超细尾矿的方法是有效的。上述矿物采用设有多个尾矿出口的螺旋通道带泥浮选，锌收率超过85%，锌品位超过33%。 The invention adopts a flotation device 9 provided with a spiral passage 2 and a plurality of tailings outlets 11, 28 and 30, which has the advantages of: sedimentation and enrichment of the slurry into the spiral passage 2 by lowering the sedimentation height of the mud, and allowing settlement and The enriched mud quickly leaves the flotation chamber 6. Tests have shown that this method of splitting ultrafine tailings is effective. The above minerals are floated by a spiral channel with a plurality of tailings outlets, with a zinc yield of over 85% and a zinc grade of over 33%.
实施例三： 一种设有多头螺旋通道的浮选装置 Embodiment 3: A flotation device provided with a multi-head spiral passage
图3所示的浮选装置9，在浮选腔室6内壁壁面设有三条通道底面5坡度大于尾矿在出流矿浆24中安息角的螺旋通道31、32和2。螺旋通道31，其底端连通相邻的螺旋通道32，螺旋通道31内的尾矿浆33流入螺旋通道32，并入尾矿浆34；螺旋通道32，其底端连通相邻的螺旋通道2，螺旋通道32内的尾矿浆34流入螺旋通道2，并入尾矿浆10；螺旋通道2连通尾矿出口11，尾矿浆10从尾矿出口11排出。 The flotation device 9 shown in Fig. 3 is provided with three passage bottom surfaces 5 on the inner wall surface of the flotation chamber 6 with spiral passages 31, 32 and 2 having a slope greater than the angle of repose of the tailings in the outflow slurry 24. The spiral passage 31 has a bottom end connected to the adjacent spiral passage 32, and the tail slurry 33 in the spiral passage 31 flows into the spiral passage 32 to be merged into the tailing slurry 34; the spiral passage 32 has a bottom end connected to the adjacent spiral passage 2, and the spiral The tailings slurry 34 in the passage 32 flows into the spiral passage 2, into the tailings slurry 10; the spiral passage 2 communicates with the tailings outlet 11, and the tailings slurry 10 is discharged from the tailings outlet 11.
从图3可以看出，螺旋通道31、32和2的底端，也可直接连通尾矿出口11。 As can be seen from Figure 3, the bottom ends of the spiral passages 31, 32 and 2 can also be directly connected to the tailings outlet 11.
本发明的技术原理与实施例一和二是相同的。其优点在于：设置多条螺旋通道31、32和2，进一步降低了尾矿的沉降高度，使尾矿同步进入螺旋通道31、32和2沉降和富集。其用途主要应用于高含泥且目标颗粒超细的待选矿浆17处理。 The technical principle of the present invention is the same as Embodiments 1 and 2. The advantage is that a plurality of spiral passages 31, 32 and 2 are arranged, which further reduces the settlement height of the tailings, and causes the tailings to enter the spiral passages 31, 32 and 2 to settle and enrich. Its use is mainly applied to the treatment of high-sludge and ultra-fine target slurry 17 with target particles.
实施例四： 一种采用超声波强化尾矿分流的浮选装置 Embodiment 4: A flotation device using ultrasonic enhanced tailings split
图4 所示的浮选装置9，由浮选腔室6和起浮装置12组成。浮选腔室6，其敞口顶部为圆形或正多边形的矿化气泡出口7，设有环绕的精矿沟槽1和喷水装置8；其壁面和（或）底部设有至少一个尾矿出口11；其内壁壁面设有至少一条螺旋通道2；其外壁壁面设有一个以上超声波发生装置35。 Figure 4 The flotation device 9, shown, consists of a flotation chamber 6 and a floatation device 12. Flotation chamber 6, the open top of which is a circular or regular polygonal mineralized bubble outlet 7, provided with a surrounding concentrate channel 1 and a water spray device 8; at least one tail is provided on the wall and/or bottom The mine outlet 11 has at least one spiral passage 2 on the inner wall surface thereof, and one or more ultrasonic generating devices 35 on the outer wall surface.
本发明的技术原理是：启动超声波发生装置35，在浮选腔室6内壁附近区域形成设定的超声波能量场。进入这个区域的尾矿，被超声空化泡粒子流高速撞击，固体颗粒被高效清洗，残留药剂被高效分散，被尾矿夹带的气泡和矿化气泡从尾矿浆10中充分逸出，对尾矿夹带的目标颗粒再进行强化捕集。 The technical principle of the present invention is to activate the ultrasonic generating device 35 to form a set ultrasonic energy field in the vicinity of the inner wall of the flotation chamber 6. The tailings entering this area are impacted by the ultrasonic cavitation bubble flow at high speed, the solid particles are cleaned efficiently, the residual agent is highly dispersed, and the bubbles and mineralized bubbles entrained by the tailings are fully escaped from the tailings slurry 10, The target particles entrained in the ore are subjected to enhanced capture.
从图4可以看出，在浮选腔室6内壁附近区域设置超声波能量场，实质是对尾矿进行强化扫选；尾矿流经螺旋通道2的过程，实质是对尾矿进行N级连续扫选的过程。试验表明，在设定浮选工艺条件下，启动超声波发生装置35后，矿化气泡产量显著增大。由此证实，采用超声波强化尾矿分流，对提高目标颗粒收率、精矿品位和浮选效率，效果显著，可一步产出终极尾矿，以至合格品级精矿，为实现一步法浮选过程提供技术支撑。 It can be seen from Fig. 4 that the ultrasonic energy field is arranged in the vicinity of the inner wall of the flotation chamber 6, which is essentially the intensified sweeping of the tailings; the process of the tailings flowing through the spiral channel 2 is essentially the N-level continuous operation of the tailings. The process of sweeping the election. Tests have shown that the mineralized bubble production is significantly increased after the ultrasonic generating device 35 is activated under the conditions of the flotation process. It is confirmed that the use of ultrasonic enhanced tailings diversion has a significant effect on improving target particle yield, concentrate grade and flotation efficiency, and can produce the final tailings in one step, and even qualified grade concentrates, in order to realize the one-step flotation process. Provide technical support.
工业实用性Industrial applicability
根据超强剪切可对超细颗粒产生聚集效应的原理，本发明应用于超细颗粒的浮选过程，可获得更好的浮选效果。 According to the principle that super-shear can produce an aggregation effect on ultrafine particles, the present invention is applied to the flotation process of ultrafine particles, and a better flotation effect can be obtained.
通过上述实施例可以看出，本发明的优点在于： As can be seen from the above embodiments, the advantages of the present invention are:
1 ）在浮选腔室内壁壁面设置螺旋通道，使尾矿借助出流矿浆提供的离心力在螺旋通道内沉降富集和定向分流，缩短了尾矿在浮选腔室内的滞留时间，降低了尾矿在浮选腔室内的浓度，减少了矿化气泡被尾矿污染的几率，有利于提高矿化气泡质量。 1 A spiral channel is arranged on the inner wall surface of the flotation chamber, so that the tailings settle and enrich and directional shunt in the spiral channel by the centrifugal force provided by the outflow slurry, shortening the residence time of the tailings in the flotation chamber and reducing the tailings The concentration in the flotation chamber reduces the probability of mineralized bubbles being contaminated by tailings, which is conducive to improving the quality of mineralized bubbles.
2 ）落入螺旋通道内的尾矿，在定向流向尾矿出口的路程中，浓度增大，矿层增厚，使被尾矿夹带的气泡和矿化气泡被矿层挤压逸出，有利于提高矿化气泡产率，减轻后置输送过程的气蚀效应。 2 The tailings falling into the spiral channel, in the direction of the directional flow to the tailings outlet, the concentration increases and the ore layer thickens, so that the bubbles and mineralized bubbles entrained by the tailings are squeezed out by the ore layer, which is beneficial to increase the ore. The bubble yield is reduced, and the cavitation effect of the post-feeding process is alleviated.
3 ）螺旋通道下行轨迹与出流矿浆旋流轨迹同向，使浮选腔室内形成促进尾矿快速分流的矿浆流场，为高含泥矿石浮选提供了高效脱泥的浮选环境。 3 The downward path of the spiral channel is in the same direction as the swirling trajectory of the outflowing slurry, so that the flotation chamber forms a slurry flow field that promotes the rapid diversion of the tailings, providing a highly efficient desilting flotation environment for the high-density ore flotation.
4 ）本发明适应于所有浮选方法及装置的应用，尤其是适应于一步法浮选工艺的开发，包括铅锌矿、铝土矿、铜矿、金银矿、铁矿或稀土矿金属矿，以及石墨矿、石英矿或萤石矿非金属矿的浮选 。 4 The invention is applicable to the application of all flotation methods and devices, in particular to the development of a one-step flotation process, including lead-zinc ore, bauxite, copper ore, gold-silver ore, iron ore or rare earth ore metal ore, And flotation of graphite ore, quartz or fluorite ore .
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Claims (10)

1、一种分流尾矿的浮选方法，其特征是：采用螺旋通道分流尾矿，在浮选腔室内壁壁面设置用于矿浆富集和分流的螺旋通道，使尾矿经螺旋通道富集和分流，并进行浮选。 1. A flotation method for split tailings, characterized in that: a spiral channel is used to split tailings, and a spiral channel for slurry enrichment and splitting is arranged on the inner wall surface of the flotation chamber to enrich the tailings through the spiral channel. And diverting and flotation.
2、如权利要求1所述的分流尾矿的浮选方法，其特征是：所述的浮选是将尾矿置于一种在浮选腔室内壁壁面设置有螺旋通道的浮选腔室内，使尾矿进入浮选腔室后向螺旋通道富集和分流；出流矿浆进入浮选腔室后，借助惯性力通过螺旋向上流动，使矿化气泡趋向浮选腔室中央区域上浮，同时使尾矿向浮选腔室内壁附近区域下沉；尾矿在重力和其所受离心力的作用下，沿着螺旋通道向通道底面下沉；同时，螺旋通道的通道底面的螺旋角大于尾矿在出流矿浆中的安息角；沉降到通道底面的尾矿，沿螺旋通道向下流动，使进入浮选腔室内壁附近区域的尾矿在螺旋通道中逐渐富集，为浮选腔室的新生尾矿腾出浓度差较大的扩散空间，进而使浮选腔室中的尾矿浓度快速降低，尾矿在浮选腔室内的滞留时间大幅缩短；被尾矿夹带进入螺旋通道的气泡和矿化气泡，被尾矿矿层重力挤压逸出，从而有效消除尾矿对气泡和矿化气泡的夹带；由此实现采用螺旋通道分流尾矿的浮选过程。2. The flotation method of split tailings according to claim 1, wherein said flotation is to place the tailings in a flotation chamber provided with a spiral passage in the wall surface of the flotation chamber. After the tailings enter the flotation chamber, the spiral channel is enriched and diverted; after the outflow slurry enters the flotation chamber, the inertial force flows upward through the spiral, so that the mineralized bubbles tend to float upward in the central region of the flotation chamber, and at the same time The tailings are caused to sink to the vicinity of the inner wall of the flotation chamber; the tailings sink to the bottom of the channel along the spiral passage under the action of gravity and centrifugal force; meanwhile, the spiral angle of the bottom surface of the spiral passage is larger than the tailings The angle of repose in the outflow slurry; the tailings that settle to the bottom of the channel flow down the spiral channel, so that the tailings entering the area near the inner wall of the flotation chamber are gradually enriched in the spiral channel, which is the flotation chamber. The new tailings vacate the diffusion space with large difference in concentration, which in turn makes the concentration of tailings in the flotation chamber decrease rapidly. The residence time of the tailings in the flotation chamber is greatly shortened; the bubbles trapped by the tailings into the spiral channel and Mineralized bubble Tailings escape gravity seam is pressed, so as to effectively eliminate the entrainment of gas bubbles and mineralization tailings bubbles; thereby achieving spiral channel split flotation tailings.
3、如权利要求2所述的分流尾矿的浮选方法，其特征是：所述的螺旋通道顶端到底端的螺旋轨迹与出流矿浆的旋流轨迹为同向；即同为顺时针方向，或同为逆时针方向。3. The method for flotation of a split tailings according to claim 2, wherein the spiral path of the top end of the spiral channel is in the same direction as the swirling track of the outflow slurry; that is, the clockwise direction is the same. Or the same counterclockwise direction.
4、如权利要求3所述的分流尾矿的浮选方法，其特征是：在所述的浮选腔室周围设有超声波发生装置，超声波发生装置所发出的超声波向浮选腔室内发射；当尾矿进入浮选腔室后，在进行浮选的同时，还将接受超声波的照射，使螺旋通道内分流尾矿的浮选过程变成扫选过程。The method for flotation of a split tailings according to claim 3, characterized in that: an ultrasonic generating device is arranged around the flotation chamber, and ultrasonic waves emitted from the ultrasonic generating device are emitted into the flotation chamber; When the tailings enters the flotation chamber, while performing flotation, ultrasonic radiation is also applied to cause the flotation process of the split tailings in the spiral passage to become a sweeping process.
5、一种权利要求1所述方法的分流尾矿浮选装置，包括浮选腔室和起浮装置，其特征是：在浮选腔室内壁壁面设有至少一条用于矿浆富集和分流的螺旋通道。5. A split tailings flotation apparatus according to the method of claim 1 comprising a flotation chamber and a floatation device, characterized in that at least one of the walls of the flotation chamber is provided for enrichment and diversion of the slurry. Spiral channel.
6、如权利要求5所述的分流尾矿浮选装置，其特征是：所述的螺旋通道的截面为沟槽状，螺旋通道螺旋状布置在浮选腔室内壁壁面上，其螺旋角大于尾矿在出流矿浆中的安息角；所述的浮选腔室为筒状结构，在筒状结构的底部设有起浮装置。The split tailings flotation device according to claim 5, wherein the spiral passage has a groove shape, and the spiral passage is spirally arranged on the inner wall surface of the flotation chamber, and the helix angle is greater than The angle of repose of the tailings in the outflow slurry; the flotation chamber is a cylindrical structure, and a floating device is arranged at the bottom of the cylindrical structure.
7、如权利要求6所述的分流尾矿浮选装置，其特征是：所述的起浮装置，包括起浮腔室、螺旋转子、驱动装置和底座，设于浮选腔室底部中央区域；所述的起浮腔室的顶部为敞口结构，在起浮腔室的顶部***有一圈环形结构的出流矿浆出口，在起浮腔室的底部设有至少一个待选矿浆进口。7. The split tailings flotation apparatus according to claim 6, wherein said floating device comprises a floating chamber, a spiral rotor, a driving device and a base, and is disposed at a central portion of the bottom portion of the flotation chamber. The top of the floating chamber is an open structure, and a circulating slurry outlet of the annular structure is arranged at the top of the floating chamber, and at least one inlet of the slurry to be selected is provided at the bottom of the floating chamber.
8、如权利要求7所述的分流尾矿浮选装置，其特征是：所述的螺旋转子下设有驱动装置，螺旋转子旋转时产生一个以上螺旋气场；所述的驱动装置设于起浮腔室的底部外，螺旋转子中空轴穿过起浮腔室底部。8. The split tailings flotation apparatus according to claim 7, wherein: said spiral rotor is provided with a driving device, and one or more spiral gas fields are generated when the spiral rotor rotates; said driving device is disposed at a position Outside the bottom of the floating chamber, the hollow shaft of the spiral rotor passes through the bottom of the floating chamber.
9、如权利要求5 、6、7或8所述的分流尾矿浮选装置，其特征是：在浮选腔室外壁壁面设置一个以上超声波发生装置，超声波发生装置所发射的超声波向浮选腔室内发射，使螺旋通道内分流尾矿的浮选过程变成扫选过程。9. The method of claim 5 The split tailings flotation device according to 6, 6 or 8, characterized in that: more than one ultrasonic generating device is arranged on the outer wall surface of the flotation chamber, and the ultrasonic wave emitted by the ultrasonic generating device is emitted into the flotation chamber to make the spiral The flotation process of the split tailings in the channel becomes a sweeping process.
10、一种如权利要求1或5所述螺旋通道分流尾矿浮选方法及装置的用途，所述的螺旋通道分流尾矿浮选方法及装置应用于所有矿物的浮选过程，包括铅锌矿、铝土矿、铜矿、金银矿、铁矿或稀土矿，以及石墨矿、石英矿或萤石矿的浮选。10. The use of a spiral channel split tailings flotation method and apparatus according to claim 1 or 5, wherein the spiral channel split tailings flotation method and apparatus are applied to all mineral flotation processes, including lead and zinc. Flotation of ore, bauxite, copper, gold and silver, iron ore, or rare earth ore, and graphite or quartz or fluorite ore.
PCT/CN2011/078154 2011-08-09 2011-08-09 Flotation method and device for splitting tailings, and use thereof WO2013020271A1 (en)

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