WO2013014611A1 - Method for checking the physical state of a document - Google Patents

Method for checking the physical state of a document Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2013014611A1
WO2013014611A1 PCT/IB2012/053761 IB2012053761W WO2013014611A1 WO 2013014611 A1 WO2013014611 A1 WO 2013014611A1 IB 2012053761 W IB2012053761 W IB 2012053761W WO 2013014611 A1 WO2013014611 A1 WO 2013014611A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
ribbon
document
value
fibrous
substrate
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/IB2012/053761
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Henri Rosset
Original Assignee
Arjowiggins Security
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Arjowiggins Security filed Critical Arjowiggins Security
Publication of WO2013014611A1 publication Critical patent/WO2013014611A1/en

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G07—CHECKING-DEVICES
    • G07D—HANDLING OF COINS OR VALUABLE PAPERS, e.g. TESTING, SORTING BY DENOMINATIONS, COUNTING, DISPENSING, CHANGING OR DEPOSITING
    • G07D7/00—Testing specially adapted to determine the identity or genuineness of valuable papers or for segregating those which are unacceptable, e.g. banknotes that are alien to a currency
    • G07D7/181—Testing mechanical properties or condition, e.g. wear or tear
    • G07D7/187—Detecting defacement or contamination, e.g. dirt
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G07—CHECKING-DEVICES
    • G07D—HANDLING OF COINS OR VALUABLE PAPERS, e.g. TESTING, SORTING BY DENOMINATIONS, COUNTING, DISPENSING, CHANGING OR DEPOSITING
    • G07D7/00—Testing specially adapted to determine the identity or genuineness of valuable papers or for segregating those which are unacceptable, e.g. banknotes that are alien to a currency
    • G07D7/01—Testing electronic circuits therein
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G07—CHECKING-DEVICES
    • G07D—HANDLING OF COINS OR VALUABLE PAPERS, e.g. TESTING, SORTING BY DENOMINATIONS, COUNTING, DISPENSING, CHANGING OR DEPOSITING
    • G07D7/00—Testing specially adapted to determine the identity or genuineness of valuable papers or for segregating those which are unacceptable, e.g. banknotes that are alien to a currency
    • G07D7/06—Testing specially adapted to determine the identity or genuineness of valuable papers or for segregating those which are unacceptable, e.g. banknotes that are alien to a currency using wave or particle radiation
    • G07D7/12—Visible light, infrared or ultraviolet radiation
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G07—CHECKING-DEVICES
    • G07D—HANDLING OF COINS OR VALUABLE PAPERS, e.g. TESTING, SORTING BY DENOMINATIONS, COUNTING, DISPENSING, CHANGING OR DEPOSITING
    • G07D7/00—Testing specially adapted to determine the identity or genuineness of valuable papers or for segregating those which are unacceptable, e.g. banknotes that are alien to a currency
    • G07D7/16—Testing the dimensions
    • G07D7/164—Thickness

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of valuable documents.
  • the invention relates more particularly to a method for controlling the physical state, in particular the level of soiling and / or wear, of a valuable document, as well as a document of value suitable for the implementation of such a method.
  • Distal denotes the retention by the substrate of said valuable documents of particles and liquids causing a change in the visual appearance likely to disturb the visibility of the recognition and authentication elements of said documents of value.
  • wear is meant an effect of destructuring the substrate of said documents of values and abrasion deposits and impressions thereof. This effect is especially generated under the action of repeated manipulation, bending, friction or wrinkling.
  • the valuable document can be a means of payment, such as a bank note, a check or a restaurant ticket, an identity document such as an identity card, a visa, a passport or a driving license , a lottery ticket, a ticket or a ticket to cultural or sporting events.
  • the valuable document is a bank note.
  • the evaluation of the level of soiling and / or wear is generally performed by means of optical measurements, such as, for example, optical density measurements.
  • optical measurements such as, for example, optical density measurements.
  • the variations in optical density are compared with reference values and make it possible to reject the notes having a too great optical density difference with the reference values.
  • the reference values can for example be stored in the sorting machine, which accepts or not the bank notes according to the result of the comparison between the optical measurements made and the reference values.
  • the patent No. 4,298,807 and US Patent Application Publication No. 2009/0245590 describe examples of such a ticket sorting process. It has also been proposed, as described in application WO 2010/023428, to provide the banknote with both a reference zone and a measurement zone, the optical measurements in the measurement zone being compared with those in the reference area. Furthermore, it has been proposed in the application WO 2010/055279 to provide a device for storing data on the bill, in which the values of the optical measurements of an area of the ticket are recorded at each passage through a sorting machine. .
  • FR 2 927 841 discloses a security sheet comprising a peelable tape on one of its faces, this peelability allowing the tape to be detached from the sheet and to reveal masked information.
  • the security sheet can not constitute a bank note, because the detachment of the ribbon would damage the note, which would lose its value.
  • the invention aims to meet all or part of these needs, by incorporating a fibrous tape to the valuable document substrate during its manufacture, so that this tape can be an indicator of dirt and / or wear of the document .
  • the invention thus has, according to one of its aspects, a method for controlling the physical state, in particular the level of soiling and / or wear, of a valuable document in which a ribbon is incorporated. fibrous process, the method comprising the steps of:
  • control measure including its value
  • reference data in particular a reference value
  • ribbon refers to a band made of a single piece or an assembly, a stack or a juxtaposition of elementary bands.
  • the evaluation of the physical state and the level of degradation of the valuable document, in particular of a banknote can be made from a control measurement performed on the level of the fibrous ribbon incorporated. in the valuable document, this fibrous tape having a clean color independent of the base color of the valuable document.
  • fibrous ribbons of identical nature in several types of valuable documents, including at least two types of bank note clippings.
  • the fibrous ribbon can then constitute for these cuts a universal indicator, in particular independent of the cut in question, therefore the color of the corresponding substrate, the physical state of the cuts, in particular the level of soiling and / or wear.
  • the fibrous tape has a physical behavior comparable to that of the valuable document substrate in which it is incorporated.
  • the fibrous ribbon is embedded in the valuable document substrate and the ribbon can be made in such a way that its behavior during the circulation of the document is substantially the same as the substrate of the document.
  • the behavior of the printing inks on an area of the document of value superimposed on the ribbon is notably the same as on the other areas of the document, not superimposed on the ribbon.
  • the ribbon can thus make it possible to reliably evaluate the state of degradation of an impression, for example by abrasion, performed on the document, as long as it is partly performed at the level of the fibrous tape.
  • the ribbon according to the invention is not intended to be detached from the valuable document in which it is incorporated in order to preserve the integrity, and therefore the value, of the document.
  • the control measurement can be performed on one or more zones of the ribbon, then the value of the control measurement is compared with an acceptable reference value or an acceptable range of values, chosen, for example so that if the value of the control measure is greater (respectively lower) than the reference value, the value document is considered unfit for circulation, and if the value of the control measure is lower (respectively greater than ) at the reference value, the valuable document is considered reusable and can be put back into circulation.
  • the sorting of the valuable document can be done on the basis of one or more control measurements made at the fibrous ribbon level.
  • the sorting can thus be done without being unduly affected by the basic color of the document of value.
  • the control measure preferably comprises an optical measurement. These include a measure of reflectance, transmittance, diffusion, gloss, roughness, luminescence, brightness, and preferably a measure of hue, whiteness or degree of yellowness. Said control measure is preferably carried out under illuminant D65 at 10 °. At least one of the following standards or measures is used in particular:
  • ISO 2470 Paper, cardboard and pastes. Measurement of diffuse reflectance factor in blue. "And in particular ISO 2470-1 (2009-10)” Part 1: indoor daytime running conditions (ISO whiteness) ", ISO 2470-2 (2008-11)” Part 2: daylight conditions outside (degree of whiteness D65) ', ISO 11475 (2004-11) "Paper and board - Determination of degree of CIE whiteness, D65 / 10 degrees (outside light)",
  • control measure can be replaced or supplemented by an image analysis method, for example to measure the wear of the prints.
  • the optical measurement can be performed, in a manner known per se, by observing one or more areas of the document of value.
  • the control measure may include a measure of the thickness of the valuable document at the ribbon level.
  • the tape may be weakly colored, especially in bulk and / or on the surface, for example by impregnation, surfacing, coating, coating, printing or any equivalent method.
  • the ribbon is preferably white in color.
  • colored is meant that the ribbon comprises at least one coloring agent, said coloring agent being especially pigmentary.
  • the control measurement can be performed on an area of the document of value superimposed on the ribbon, for example by reflectivity measurement.
  • the document of value can be illuminated under monochromatic lighting and then the reflectivity of one or more areas of the document superimposed on the ribbon can be determined, an average of the reflectivities obtained can be established in particular.
  • the reflectivity value is then compared to a reference value in order to accept or refuse the recirculation of the document.
  • the document of value may or may not be illuminated in white light or with the use of a colored filter. Illumination can still be done under ultraviolet (UV) and / or infrared (IR).
  • UV ultraviolet
  • IR infrared
  • Structural variations including differences in fiber compositions, fiber density, opacity, impressions, between different valuable documents can affect the reliability of the control of the physical state of the valuable document by comparison between a measurement control over an area of the document superimposed on the ribbon and a predetermined reference value.
  • the ribbon may comprise at least two zones that can be differently affected by wear and / or dirt, so as to form a measuring zone and a reference zone, as described in application WO 2010/023428.
  • a protection is applied to only a portion of the ribbon, in particular a film or a coating, preferably transparent.
  • the area covered by said protection then constitutes the reference zone, not or only slightly affected by wear and / or dirt, and the measurement zone is located above the ribbon outside said reference zone.
  • said protection is applied to at least one side of the substrate, on only one part, in line with the ribbon.
  • two control measurements can be performed on the document of value at the level of the measuring zone and the reference zone of the ribbon, respectively.
  • a comparison of the values of the control measures between the measurement area and the reference area can be used to determine a deviation of values, and the acceptance or refusal of recirculation of the value document can be done at least according to this gap.
  • the measuring zone and the reference zone of the ribbon may be juxtaposed to one another, being contiguous or not, or may comprise at least one common part between them.
  • the control measure may involve one of the optical measurements described above.
  • the ribbon can be incorporated into the valuable document substrate so that the base color of the substrate, even if it is a little saturated, does not modify noticeably the optical properties, including hue, at the ribbon. It is thus possible to define on the document of value a zone, at the ribbon level, which is substantially optically constant regardless of the colored shade of the substrate of the valuable document.
  • the method according to the invention can make it possible to control the physical state of bank notes thanks to the zone defined by the ribbon, even if there are changes of colored shades to differentiate the cuts of the same series of bills. tickets.
  • the ribbon may be incorporated into the valuable document substrate so as to be flush with at least one side of the valuable document or near the surface.
  • zone superimposed on the ribbon or “zone at the ribbon” it is necessary to include an area that covers the ribbon when the document is viewed from the front, whether or not the ribbon defines a portion of the outer surface of the document.
  • the valuable document may include a pattern printed on the fibrous ribbon.
  • the same pattern can be printed, especially with the same type of ink, at the fibrous ribbon for valuable documents, including bank notes, of different types. It is thus possible to follow comparatively for different banknotes the deterioration state of the printed patterns without being influenced by the base color of the document substrate and the type of ink used.
  • the ribbon is fully incorporated into the valuable document substrate, or introduced into window (s) in the valuable document substrate, or partially embedded in the valuable document substrate so that at least a portion of the ribbon is not covered with valuable substrate fibers.
  • the ribbon may comprise an outer face observable on the document, not covered by fibers of the document substrate, and an inner surface completely covered with fibers of the document substrate.
  • the fibrous tape may be incorporated in the document of value for example according to the method described in the application WO 2009/136059.
  • the area for performing the control measurement may be defined by dimensions of the fibrous tape, including its width.
  • the control measurement can be performed on one side of the document, at the ribbon, or on both sides of the document, at the ribbon.
  • the valuable document substrate and the ribbon may be based on the same fibers, that is to say that their fiber composition is the same in nature and preferably in the same proportions; this allows a good affinity between the ribbon and the substrate and may, in addition, constitute an additional means of authentication.
  • the ribbon may however have a porosity different from that of the valuable document substrate.
  • the fibrous tape may comprise at least one printed pattern and / or a visual recognition element, for example a watermark, fibrous agglomerates (or slats), particle agglomerates, for example pigment agglomerates (or "Hilites"), and / or particles.
  • the printed pattern and / or the recognition element may be recognizable by visual observation of the valuable document without disturbing the observation of the other patterns present on the valuable document substrate. It may thus be possible to identify the visibility of the printed pattern and / or the ribbon recognition element to a predefined level of soiling and / or wear, for which visibility is affected and for which the document of value must be considered used and must be rejected.
  • the ribbon may comprise an internal structure different from that of the substrate of the security document, in particular having a different porosity and / or thickness.
  • the degradation of a valuable document in circulation generally generates a destructuring of the fibrous matrix of the substrate.
  • the valuable document is repeatedly bent and / or wrinkled, and the fibers gradually loosen, so that the substrate tends to increase in porosity and / or thickness.
  • the increase in porosity and / or thickness of the ribbon fibers can be controlled during sorting so that when it reaches a threshold value, the valuable document is rejected from circulation.
  • the ribbon may further comprise one or more variable elements, the value of which varies according to the level of physical modification of the fibrous ribbon by a cascade effect that can easily be measured, for example by a non-contact method.
  • variable elements include a marker introduced in known concentration in the ribbon.
  • the circulation of a document according to the invention causes a physical modification of the substrate and in particular an increase in thickness.
  • the signal of the marker for example its intensity, especially related to a given thickness, varies depending on the wear.
  • the valuable document and / or ribbon may carry a reference value.
  • the document of value and / or the ribbon may comprise a marking, in particular an impression, or a security element comprising a reference value in coded form or not.
  • the valuable document and / or the ribbon may comprise a data storage medium, in particular an RFID chip, for storing a reference value used during measurements made during sorting.
  • the reference value is stored in an external data storage medium, for example the memory of the sorting machine, or on a remote server to which the sorting machine can access.
  • the ribbon may optionally comprise one or more fibrous webs combined with one or more strips of thermoplastic material and / or metal, for example PET, laminated (s) or hot rolled (s) with (x) strip (s) fîbreuse (s) ( s) before the introduction of the ribbon into the valuable document substrate.
  • thermoplastic material and / or metal for example PET, laminated (s) or hot rolled (s) with (x) strip (s) fîbreuse (s) ( s) before the introduction of the ribbon into the valuable document substrate.
  • the incorporation of the ribbon to the substrate of the document of value may not cause extra thickness of the document.
  • the ribbon may be introduced into the substrate according to the process described in application EP 0 773 320.
  • the ribbon may have no watermark.
  • the ribbon may comprise at least one watermark. If necessary, the superposition of a watermark of the valuable document substrate and a watermark of the ribbon may make it possible to observe a pattern resulting from their association.
  • the ribbon may be made of the same material as the valuable document substrate.
  • the ribbon and the substrate are in particular papers, for example of the same composition.
  • the ribbon and the substrate preferably have the same fibrous composition.
  • the ribbon may have optical properties similar to that of the valuable document substrate, including coloring, fluorescence, phosphorescence, magneto-optical, photochromic, thermochromic, piezochromic, iridescent properties, among others.
  • the ribbon may thus comprise, especially in bulk or on the surface, a coloring agent, a fluorescent, phosphorescent, magneto-optical, photochromic, thermochromic, piezochrome or iridescent compound.
  • the ribbon can be printed with a conventional or security ink, especially fluorescent, phosphorescent, magnetic, photochromic, thermochromic, piezochrome, iridescent, among others.
  • the ink may be applied partially or totally to the ribbon, i.e. only to certain areas of the ribbon surface or to the entire ribbon surface.
  • the ink can be applied to the ribbon by printing means such as offset, gravure, screen printing or inkjet printing.
  • Ribbon printing can take place before or after it is introduced into the substrate.
  • the level of visibility of the printed pattern is an indicator of degree of wear and / or dirt of the valuable document.
  • the printing is an even layer applied to the ribbon before its introduction, it can make it possible to obtain the desired value of the measurement used for the control of the physical state of the valuable document, in particular the hue or the whiteness.
  • the printing takes place after the introduction of the ribbon, it takes place on the substrate in line with an area in which the ribbon is mass in the substrate and / or on the ribbon in an area in which the ribbon appears in window on the surface of the substrate.
  • the ribbon may be coated with a transparent or colored varnish, in particular of white color. It is in particular a heat-sealing varnish.
  • the behavior of the area of the document in which the ribbon is located is close to that of the rest of the document.
  • the control measure of the physical state of the document is therefore representative of the wear and / or dirt of the document.
  • the ribbon may include a fluorescent agent.
  • the fluorescent agent may be colored or not, visible or invisible in visible light.
  • the fluorescent agent may for example be incorporated in the mass of the ribbon.
  • the fluorescent agent may be visible for example under ultraviolet (UV) and / or infrared (IR) light.
  • the ribbon extends between two opposite edges of the valuable document.
  • the ribbon may have longitudinal edges of irregular shape, including non-rectilinear, for example having the form of broken or wavy lines, crenellations, zigzag, among others.
  • the opposite longitudinal edges of the ribbon may be of the same shape or of different shapes, regular or irregular.
  • the ribbon may have different perceptible characteristics to the senses, for example to sight or touch.
  • the ribbon may for example be embossed, thus creating a particular effect, including a touch or surface relief, the ribbon may appear partially on the surface of the valuable document substrate.
  • the ribbon may be coated with a thermoplastic polymer and optionally embossed as a result of this coating.
  • the ribbon can be printed with inks, pigments, drops of varnish or resin, among others.
  • the ribbon comprises impressions, this may for example allow to obtain variable optical effects.
  • the ribbon is for example introduced into window (s) in the document substrate.
  • the ribbon advantageously retains its own cohesion after introduction into the substrate of the valuable document.
  • the structure of the ribbon may be observable after its introduction into the substrate under certain conditions, for example in section or by vision in reflection or transmission.
  • a fibrous sheet preferably of low grammage
  • a common papermaking process that is to say for example by draining a suspension of fibers optionally comprising fillers and fillers. conventional additives in stationery, the possible specific security elements, pressing of the fibrous mat obtained and drying.
  • This sheet is then optionally calendered which allows in particular to reduce its thickness, and then cut to form ribbons which are then wound into coils.
  • the ribbon may for example be based on cellulosic fibers (in particular cotton fibers) and / or natural organic fibers other than cellulosic and / or synthetic fibers, for example such as polyester or polyamide fibers, and / or or optionally mineral fibers, for example such as glass fibers.
  • the ribbon may not include polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) fibers.
  • the fibers may be hydrophilic, in particular so as to develop chemical bonds, mainly hydrogen, with the substrate.
  • the ribbon may comprise by weight at least 50% of cellulosic fibers.
  • the ribbon may have a grammage of between 5 and 100 g / m 2 , preferably between 15 and 55 g / m 2 and more preferably between 20 and 30 g / m 2 .
  • the grammage is measured according to ISO 536: 1995.
  • the ribbon may have a width of between 2 and 60 mm, preferably between 4 and 30 mm and more preferably between 10 and 20 mm.
  • the ribbon may comprise perforations, in particular to promote drainage during the manufacture of the valuable document or to add an additional optical effect, especially in combination with at least one watermark.
  • these perforations are arranged at the edge of said ribbon or so as to form a pattern or a code.
  • the ribbon may have in the document a thickness of between 10 and 150 ⁇ , for example between 20 and 120 ⁇ , preferably between 30 and 80 ⁇ , and more preferably between 45 and 55 ⁇ .
  • the ribbon may include a watermark and perforations around this watermark.
  • the ribbon and / or the valuable document substrate may or may not include a security element, in bulk or on the surface, for example a security thread, a foil or a patch.
  • the ribbon and / or the substrate of the document of value may comprise at least one security element on one of its faces, or even on each of its faces.
  • the ribbon may have different security features on each side.
  • the security element may be chosen from tracers, in particular nanoscale, security fibers including metallic, magnetic (with soft magnetism and / or hard), or absorbable or excitable in the ultraviolet (UV), the visible or the infrared (IR) and in particular the near-infrared (NIR), flat and relatively small security elements such as boards, pigments or pigment agglomerates especially absorbent or excitable under laser illumination or in the ultraviolet (UV) , the visible or the infrared (IR), in particular the near infrared (NIR), and the security threads (plastic based, in particular polyester) comprising in particular an at least partial coating, metallic, metallized, iridescent or magnetic ( with soft magnetism and / or hard), the coating may include in particular positive or negative patterns and said patterns may in particular be obtained by demetallization, the chemical or biochemical reagents for tampering and / or authentication and / or identification may in particular react with least one falsification and / or authentication and / or identification agent respectively, and
  • the ribbon may comprise at least two security elements selected from those mentioned above.
  • the ribbon may comprise between 0.1 and 1% by dry weight of magnetic fibers, in particular with mild magnetism, with respect to the total amount of fibers, and preferably between 0.2 and 0.6%.
  • the ribbon may comprise a plurality of small boards distributed at a density of between 4000 and 25000 boards / m 2 , preferably between 5000 and 20000 boards / m 2 and more preferably between 11000 and 18000 boards / m 2 .
  • the ribbon may comprise a series of parallel security threads, and more particularly the succession of inter-thread spaces and / or the series of different widths of the security threads constitute a code, in particular of the barcode type.
  • the ribbon may include a soft magnetically anti-theft wire.
  • the ribbon may have a wet strength (REH) with respect to traction greater than 30%, in particular so as not to cause problems when introduced into the valuable document.
  • the resistance in the wet state in tension is measured by dividing the value of the wet tensile strength measured according to the NF Q 03.056 standard by the dry tensile strength measured according to the NF EN ISO 1924 standard.
  • wet state may in particular be provided in a conventional manner by the addition of a wet strength agent, for example such as a polyamine-amide-epichlorohydrin resin (PAAE), a formaldehyde melamine resin, etc.
  • PAAE polyamine-amide-epichlorohydrin resin
  • formaldehyde melamine resin etc.
  • an additional wet strength may be obtained by adding a portion of the REH agent (s) in surfactant baths of a fibrous sheet, for example for making the tape.
  • the ribbon may comprise an adhesive, for example a heat sealing agent.
  • the adhesive may for example be a heat-sealing coating, for example a heat-sealing varnish, an ultraviolet (UV) cross-linkable agent, an adhesive to be irradiated, a pressure-sensitive adhesive (PSA), a varnish with a solvent base, of the type polyester for example, an adhesive in the aqueous phase, etc.
  • UV ultraviolet
  • PSA pressure-sensitive adhesive
  • varnish with a solvent base of the type polyester for example, an adhesive in the aqueous phase, etc.
  • the adhesive may advantageously be an adhesive based on polyvinyl acetate such as Mowilith DC.
  • the addition of the adhesive to the ribbon can in particular be done by a coating process, for example a coating, or by methods resulting from printing techniques of a paper base after its manufacture, for example blade coating. air, gravure, screen printing, curtain coating, flexography, among others.
  • the coating of the adhesive for example on a fibrous sheet used for the manufacture of the ribbon, can be carried out for example at a rate of 2 to 15 g / m 2 per side, preferably between 3 and 8 g / m 2 per face.
  • the sealing temperature can vary between 70 and 135 ° C, for example, depending on the adhesive used, and the sealing can take place during the drying of the valuable document.
  • the coating can be carried out at least partially at the core, that is to say reach in depth, or even in total the ribbon, or at the surface.
  • the coating is performed on the support used for the manufacture of the tape before cutting the support.
  • the coating can be performed during the manufacture of the support for the manufacture of the tape.
  • the coating can be performed on one side of the support or on both sides of the support.
  • the adhesive can completely cover the face on which it is deposited.
  • the incorporation of the adhesive tape can also be done by impregnation, by dipping the ribbon or the support used to make it in a bath.
  • the valuable document substrate may include one or more watermarks.
  • the watermark carried by the substrate may be a clear watermark.
  • the light areas of the watermark have a mass per unit area strictly lower than that of vellum.
  • the watermark may be a dark watermark.
  • the watermark may further be a multi-tone watermark having a set of light areas arranged to form a halftone image having light and dark tones.
  • This raster image may comprise raster patterns formed by example by lines or points.
  • Patent application EP 1 122 360 discloses the production of such a watermark.
  • the substrate may comprise at least one security element, in particular chosen from tracers, in particular nanometric, security fibers, in particular metallic, magnetic (with soft magnetism and / or hard), or absorbent or excitable in the ultraviolet (UV) , the visible or the infrared (IR) and in particular the near infrared (NIR), flat and relatively small security elements such as boards, pigments or pigment agglomerates especially absorbent or excitable laser illumination or in ultraviolet (UV), visible or infrared (IR), in particular the near infrared (NIR), and security son (generally plastic-based, in particular polyester) comprising in particular at least a partial coating, metallic, iridescent or magnetic (with soft magnetism and / or hard), the coating may include in particular positive or negative patterns and the patterns can be obtained in particular by demetallization, the chemical or biochemical reagents for tampering and / or authentication and / or identification may in particular react with at least one agent respectively falsification and / or authentication and / or identification
  • the substrate may in particular comprise safety elements visible to the naked eye, but it may also comprise tracers which are in the form of active material, particles or fibers, capable of generating a specific signal when these tracers are subjected to optronic, electrical, magnetic or electromagnetic excitation.
  • tracers constitute an identifiable substance through a distinctive property and used to mark an element (a security document in this case) and ensure its follow-up, the follow-up of its evolution or allow its recognition, authentication or identification.
  • the dielectric structures with a mirror effect consist of an alternation of high and low index layers, for example respectively of Hafnium dioxide and of silica, and may in particular be obtained by ion etching.
  • the substrate may comprise at least one chemical or biochemical reagent tampering and / or authenticating and / or identification reacting so colored, to at least one falsification and / or authentication and / or identification agent respectively.
  • the valuable document substrate may incorporate one or more ribbons according to the invention.
  • At least one ribbon may at least partially cover at least one watermark of the substrate.
  • the combination of a ribbon and a watermark of the valuable document substrate can make it possible to create an authentication means based on the observation of the zone where the ribbon and the watermark are superimposed and possibly for the observation of the document. an adjacent area.
  • another object of the invention is a valuable document, notably a banknote, especially for the implementation of the method as defined above, in which is incorporated the fibrous ribbon, of white color , this tape coming for example flush with one of the faces of the document, in particular flush with the surface of the document by only one of its faces.
  • Another subject of the invention is a valuable document, notably a banknote, particularly for the implementation of the method as defined above, in which the fibrous ribbon is incorporated, the latter coming from each of its two faces, flush with the surface of the banknote.
  • the subject of the invention is also an assembly comprising at least two bank notes corresponding to different cuts, in particular for the implementation of the method as defined above, characterized in that fibrous ribbons identical, preferably white, are incorporated in these notes.
  • white color must be understood substantially achromatic, especially a degree of whiteness greater than 80 ° measured according to ISO 2470, in particular according to ISO 2470-1 described above.
  • FIG. 1 represents a block diagram illustrating stages of implementation of the sorting method according to the invention
  • FIG. 2 represents, in front view, an exemplary document of value for the implementation of the method according to the invention
  • FIG. 3 is a section along II-II of FIG. 2,
  • FIG. 4 represents an alternative embodiment of FIG. 3;
  • FIG. 5 represents, in front view, another example of a document of value for the implementation of the method according to the invention,
  • FIG. 6 is a section along IV-IV of FIG. 5;
  • FIGS. 7 and 8 show, in section, alternative embodiments of fiber ribbons intended to be incorporated into a valuable document for implementing the method according to the invention.
  • FIG. 9 represents an exemplary set of at least two bank notes according to the invention.
  • FIGS. 2 and 3 show an exemplary document of value 1 for implementing the method according to the invention.
  • the document of value 1 comprises a fibrous ribbon 2, which has two faces 2a and 2b, the ribbon 2 being embedded in mass in the substrate 7 of the document 1, so that the thickness e of the fibrous ribbon 2 is less than the thickness E of the substrate 7 other than at the level of the ribbon 2.
  • the fibrous ribbon 2 advantageously has a white color and makes it possible to determine the physical state of the document 1 independently of the color of the substrate of the document 1.
  • the ribbon 2 may be made with one or more of the features mentioned above. It is the same for the substrate 7.
  • the document of value 1 further comprises, in this example, a security thread 8, introduced in window (s).
  • the ribbon 2 does not come flush with the two faces 7a and 7b of the document of value 1.
  • the distance d separates at least one face 2a or 2b of the ribbon 2 from the corresponding face 7a or 7b of the substrate 7.
  • the ribbon 2 can for example present in the document a thickness e of between 10 and 150 ⁇ , for example between 20 and 120 ⁇ , preferably between 30 and 80 ⁇ , and more preferably between 45 and 55 ⁇ .
  • FIG. 4 illustrates the possibility of having the ribbon 2 flush with a single face 7a of the document of value 1.
  • the valuable document 1 may include, where appropriate, an RFID chip 5 for storing one or more reference values which are compared to the control measurement value or values during the implementation of the method according to the invention.
  • the ribbon 2 is introduced into window (s).
  • One side of the ribbon for example comes flush with a face of the document of value 1 at spaced locations along the ribbon. Between these locations, the ribbon is covered by a non-zero thickness of substrate.
  • the other side of the ribbon may never be flush with the surface of the substrate or may alternatively be flush with locations located in a top view between those where the ribbon is flush with the other side.
  • FIG. 1 illustrates steps of a method for controlling the physical state of the document of value 1 according to the invention.
  • a control measurement is carried out on at least one zone 9 superimposed on the fibrous ribbon 2 of the document of value 1.
  • This zone 9 can be marked by report to an edge of the document of value, an impression or a security element, in particular a watermark.
  • Step I may comprise one or more control measures on one or more zones at the level of the fibrous ribbon 2, or even out of the ribbon 2 in an implementation variant.
  • a second step II the value or values obtained from the one or more control measurements are compared with one or more previously known reference values.
  • the reference value or values are determined beforehand, and stored for example on a data storage medium internal to the document of value 1, for example the RFID chip 5, or a data storage medium external to the document of value 1, by example the memory of the sorting machine or a remote server.
  • the reference value (s) are determined in such a way as to obtain one or more thresholds of acceptability for re-circulation of the valuable documents.
  • the valuable document 1 and the fibrous tape 2 may have the same pattern 6, for example the same printed element or a watermark, so that a comparison between the degradations of one and the other is easily recognizable. .
  • This pattern can be printed or constituted by any other suitable element.
  • the document 1 and the ribbon 2 may comprise different patterns but having a common characteristic that can be compared, for example an optical density.
  • a measurement zone 9a and a reference zone 9b may be present on the document of value 1, superimposed on the ribbon 2, as represented in FIG. 9a and 9b of the reference area can be used to control the physical state of the document of value 1 by comparing the results of measurements made on each zone 9a and 9b.
  • Figures 7 and 8 show alternative embodiments of fibrous ribbons 2 may be incorporated in a valuable document 1 for implementing the method according to the invention.
  • FIG. 9 shows an example of a set of cuts according to the invention, comprising three bank notes 1a, 1b and 1c of different monetary values.
  • the three bank notes 1a, 1b and 1c comprise a same white fibrous ribbon 2, intended to allow the evaluation of the physical state of the notes.
  • the use of the same ribbon 2 for the different cuts makes it possible to have a universal indicator of the level of soiling and / or wear of the notes, independent of the color variations of the substrates of the notes, which depend on the monetary values of the notes. tickets.
  • the different cuts can thus have substrates having different hues.

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Abstract

The present invention relates to a method for checking the physical state, in particular the level of soiling and/or wear, of a valuable document (1) into which there is incorporated a fibrous strip (2), the method comprising the steps of: - carrying out at least one checking measure on at least one region (9; 9a) of the document (1) superposed on the fibrous strip (2), - comparing the result of the checking measure with reference data, - drawing conclusions regarding the physical state of the valuable document (1) at least depending on the result of the comparison.

Description

Procédé de contrôle de l'état physique d'un document  Method for controlling the physical state of a document
La présente invention concerne le domaine des documents de valeur.The present invention relates to the field of valuable documents.
L'invention concerne plus particulièrement un procédé de contrôle de l'état physique, notamment du niveau de salissure et/ou d'usure, d'un document de valeur, ainsi qu'un document de valeur convenant à la mise en œuvre d'un tel procédé. The invention relates more particularly to a method for controlling the physical state, in particular the level of soiling and / or wear, of a valuable document, as well as a document of value suitable for the implementation of such a method.
Par « salissure », on désigne la rétention par le substrat desdits documents de valeur des particules et liquides provoquant une modification de l'aspect visuel de nature à perturber notamment la visibilité des éléments de reconnaissance et d'authentification desdits documents de valeurs.  "Dirt" denotes the retention by the substrate of said valuable documents of particles and liquids causing a change in the visual appearance likely to disturb the visibility of the recognition and authentication elements of said documents of value.
Par « usure » on entend un effet de déstructuration du substrat desdits documents de valeurs et d'abrasion des dépôts et impressions de ceux-ci. Cet effet est notamment généré sous l'action des manipulations répétées, des pliages, des frottements ou des froissements.  By "wear" is meant an effect of destructuring the substrate of said documents of values and abrasion deposits and impressions thereof. This effect is especially generated under the action of repeated manipulation, bending, friction or wrinkling.
Le document de valeur peut être un moyen de paiement, tel qu'un billet de banque, un chèque ou un ticket restaurant, un document d'identité tel qu'une carte d'identité, un visa, un passeport ou un permis de conduire, un ticket de loterie, un titre de transport ou encore un ticket d'entrée à des manifestations culturelles ou sportives. De préférence, le document de valeur est un billet de banque.  The valuable document can be a means of payment, such as a bank note, a check or a restaurant ticket, an identity document such as an identity card, a visa, a passport or a driving license , a lottery ticket, a ticket or a ticket to cultural or sporting events. Preferably, the valuable document is a bank note.
Lors de la circulation des billets de banque, ces derniers sont soumis à toutes sortes d'usures et/ou de salissures qui dégradent leur état physique et leur capacité d'utilisation. Lorsque les billets parviennent à un centre de tri, leur niveau de salissure et/ou d'usure est évalué grâce à des machines de tri de manière à distinguer les billets pouvant être réutilisés et ceux inaptes à une nouvelle utilisation.  When circulation of banknotes, they are subjected to all kinds of wear and / or dirt that degrade their physical state and their capacity for use. When the tickets arrive at a sorting center, their level of soiling and / or wear is evaluated by sorting machines so as to distinguish the tickets that can be reused and those that are unfit for a new use.
Lors du tri des billets, l'évaluation du niveau de salissure et/ou d'usure est généralement réalisée au moyen de mesures optiques, comme par exemple des mesures de densité optique. Les variations de densité optique sont comparées à des valeurs de référence et permettent de rejeter les billets présentant un écart de densité optique trop important avec les valeurs de référence.  When sorting the notes, the evaluation of the level of soiling and / or wear is generally performed by means of optical measurements, such as, for example, optical density measurements. The variations in optical density are compared with reference values and make it possible to reject the notes having a too great optical density difference with the reference values.
Les valeurs de référence peuvent par exemple être mémorisées dans la machine de tri, laquelle accepte ou non les billets de banque en fonction du résultat de la comparaison entre les mesures optiques effectuées et les valeurs de référence. Le brevet US 4 298 807 et la demande de brevet US 2009/0245590 décrivent des exemples d'un tel procédé de tri des billets. Il a également été proposé, comme décrit dans la demande WO 2010/023428, de munir le billet de banque à la fois d'une zone de référence et d'une zone de mesure, les mesures optiques dans la zone de mesure étant comparées à celles dans la zone de référence. En outre, il a été proposé dans la demande WO 2010/055279 de prévoir un dispositif de mémorisation de données sur le billet de banque, dans lequel sont enregistrées les valeurs des mesures optiques d'une zone du billet à chaque passage en machine de tri. The reference values can for example be stored in the sorting machine, which accepts or not the bank notes according to the result of the comparison between the optical measurements made and the reference values. The patent No. 4,298,807 and US Patent Application Publication No. 2009/0245590 describe examples of such a ticket sorting process. It has also been proposed, as described in application WO 2010/023428, to provide the banknote with both a reference zone and a measurement zone, the optical measurements in the measurement zone being compared with those in the reference area. Furthermore, it has been proposed in the application WO 2010/055279 to provide a device for storing data on the bill, in which the values of the optical measurements of an area of the ticket are recorded at each passage through a sorting machine. .
Le tri des billets de banque rencontre encore des difficultés. En effet, il est d'usage que les différentes coupures d'un même pays d'émission soient différenciées par la couleur des billets. Or, les variations de couleur entre les billets de banque de différentes coupures compliquent les mesures optiques, et notamment l'établissement de valeurs de référence acceptables qui soient communes aux différentes coupures. De la sorte, les mesures optiques peuvent dépendre à la fois de la variation de teinte du billet de banque due à la prise de salissure et/ou d'usure, et également de la teinte de la coupure concernée, ce qui peut conduire à des taux de rejet exagérés de billets de banque considérés comme inaptes à une remise en circulation.  The sorting of bank notes is still difficult. Indeed, it is customary for the different denominations of the same country of issue to be differentiated by the color of the notes. However, the color variations between banknotes of different denominations complicate the optical measurements, and in particular the establishment of acceptable reference values that are common to the different denominations. In this way, the optical measurements may depend both on the variation in the hue of the bill due to dirt and / or wear, and also on the hue of the cut concerned, which may lead to excessive rejection rates of banknotes considered unfit for re-circulation.
Par ailleurs, on connaît des demandes WO 2008/043965, WO 2009/081017, WO 2009/136059 et US 2009/0302595 des procédés d'incorporation d'un ruban fibreux dans un document de sécurité, en tant qu'élément de sécurité.  Furthermore, applications WO 2008/043965, WO 2009/081017, WO 2009/136059 and US 2009/0302595 are known for methods of incorporating a fibrous tape into a security document, as a security element.
FR 2 927 841 divulgue une feuille de sécurité comportant un ruban pelable selon l'une de ses faces, cette pelabilité permettant au ruban d'être détaché de la feuille et de révéler une information masquée. La feuille de sécurité ne peut constituer un billet de banque, car le détachement du ruban porterait atteinte au billet, qui perdrait ainsi sa valeur.  FR 2 927 841 discloses a security sheet comprising a peelable tape on one of its faces, this peelability allowing the tape to be detached from the sheet and to reveal masked information. The security sheet can not constitute a bank note, because the detachment of the ribbon would damage the note, which would lose its value.
II existe un besoin pour améliorer encore les procédés de tri de documents de valeur, et notamment des billets de banque.  There is a need to further improve the processes for sorting valuable documents, including banknotes.
En particulier, il existe un besoin pour déterminer le niveau de dégradation d'un billet de banque indépendamment du type de billet, et notamment de la couleur de base du billet de banque.  In particular, there is a need to determine the level of degradation of a banknote regardless of the type of note, including the basic color of the banknote.
L'invention vise à répondre à tout ou partie de ces besoins, en incorporant un ruban fibreux au substrat du document de valeur lors de sa fabrication, de telle façon que ce ruban puisse constituer un indicateur de salissure et/ou d'usure du document. L'invention a ainsi pour objet, selon l'un de ses aspects, un procédé de contrôle de l'état physique, notamment du niveau de salissure et/ou d'usure, d'un document de valeur dans lequel est incorporé un ruban fibreux, le procédé comportant les étapes consistant à : The invention aims to meet all or part of these needs, by incorporating a fibrous tape to the valuable document substrate during its manufacture, so that this tape can be an indicator of dirt and / or wear of the document . The invention thus has, according to one of its aspects, a method for controlling the physical state, in particular the level of soiling and / or wear, of a valuable document in which a ribbon is incorporated. fibrous process, the method comprising the steps of:
- effectuer au moins une mesure de contrôle sur au moins une zone du document superposée au ruban fibreux,  performing at least one control measurement on at least one area of the document superimposed on the fibrous tape,
comparer le résultat de la mesure de contrôle, notamment sa valeur, à des données de référence, notamment une valeur de référence,  compare the result of the control measure, including its value, with reference data, in particular a reference value,
conclure sur l'état physique du document de valeur au moins en fonction du résultat de la comparaison.  conclude on the physical state of the document of value at least according to the result of the comparison.
Le terme « ruban » désigne une bande faite d'une seule pièce ou d'un assemblage, d'un empilement ou d'une juxtaposition de bandes élémentaires.  The term "ribbon" refers to a band made of a single piece or an assembly, a stack or a juxtaposition of elementary bands.
Grâce à l'invention, l'évaluation de l'état physique et du niveau de dégradation du document de valeur, notamment d'un billet de banque, peut se faire à partir d'une mesure de contrôle effectuée au niveau du ruban fibreux incorporé dans le document de valeur, ce ruban fibreux ayant une couleur propre indépendante de la couleur de base du document de valeur. En particulier, il est intéressant d'utiliser des rubans fibreux de nature identique dans plusieurs types de documents de valeur, notamment au moins deux types de coupures de billets de banque. Le ruban fibreux peut alors constituer pour ces coupures un indicateur universel, notamment indépendant de la coupure considérée, donc de la couleur du substrat correspondant, de l'état physique des coupures, notamment du niveau de salissure et/ou d'usure.  Thanks to the invention, the evaluation of the physical state and the level of degradation of the valuable document, in particular of a banknote, can be made from a control measurement performed on the level of the fibrous ribbon incorporated. in the valuable document, this fibrous tape having a clean color independent of the base color of the valuable document. In particular, it is advantageous to use fibrous ribbons of identical nature in several types of valuable documents, including at least two types of bank note clippings. The fibrous ribbon can then constitute for these cuts a universal indicator, in particular independent of the cut in question, therefore the color of the corresponding substrate, the physical state of the cuts, in particular the level of soiling and / or wear.
Avantageusement, le ruban fibreux présente un comportement physique comparable à celui du substrat du document de valeur dans lequel il est incorporé. A la différence d'un élément qui serait rapporté, apposé ou imprimé sur le document de valeur, le ruban fibreux est incorporé dans le substrat du document de valeur et le ruban peut être réalisé de telle sorte que son comportement lors de la circulation du document soit sensiblement le même que celui du substrat du document. Le comportement des encres d'impression sur une zone du document de valeur superposée au ruban est notamment le même que sur les autres zones du document, non superposées au ruban. Le ruban peut ainsi permettre d'évaluer avec fiabilité l'état de dégradation d'une impression, par exemple par abrasion, réalisée sur le document, pour autant qu'elle soit en partie réalisée au niveau du ruban fibreux. Advantageously, the fibrous tape has a physical behavior comparable to that of the valuable document substrate in which it is incorporated. Unlike an item that would be attached, affixed or printed on the valuable document, the fibrous ribbon is embedded in the valuable document substrate and the ribbon can be made in such a way that its behavior during the circulation of the document is substantially the same as the substrate of the document. The behavior of the printing inks on an area of the document of value superimposed on the ribbon is notably the same as on the other areas of the document, not superimposed on the ribbon. The ribbon can thus make it possible to reliably evaluate the state of degradation of an impression, for example by abrasion, performed on the document, as long as it is partly performed at the level of the fibrous tape.
Le ruban selon l'invention n'est pas destiné à être détaché du document de valeur dans lequel il est incorporé afin de préserver l'intégrité, et donc la valeur, du document.  The ribbon according to the invention is not intended to be detached from the valuable document in which it is incorporated in order to preserve the integrity, and therefore the value, of the document.
Lors de la mise en œuvre du procédé, la mesure de contrôle peut être effectuée sur une ou plusieurs zones du ruban, puis la valeur de la mesure de contrôle est comparée à une valeur de référence acceptable ou une plage de valeurs acceptable, choisie par exemple de telle sorte que si la valeur de la mesure de contrôle est supérieure (respectivement inférieure) à la valeur de référence, le document de valeur est considéré comme inapte à la circulation, et si la valeur de la mesure de contrôle est inférieure (respectivement supérieure) à la valeur de référence, le document de valeur est considéré comme réutilisable et pouvant être remis en circulation.  During the implementation of the method, the control measurement can be performed on one or more zones of the ribbon, then the value of the control measurement is compared with an acceptable reference value or an acceptable range of values, chosen, for example so that if the value of the control measure is greater (respectively lower) than the reference value, the value document is considered unfit for circulation, and if the value of the control measure is lower (respectively greater than ) at the reference value, the valuable document is considered reusable and can be put back into circulation.
Le tri du document de valeur peut être fait sur la base d'une ou plusieurs mesures de contrôle réalisées au niveau du ruban fibreux. Le tri peut ainsi être effectué sans être affecté outre mesure par la couleur de base du document de valeur.  The sorting of the valuable document can be done on the basis of one or more control measurements made at the fibrous ribbon level. The sorting can thus be done without being unduly affected by the basic color of the document of value.
La mesure de contrôle comporte de préférence une mesure optique. Il s'agit notamment d'une mesure de réflectance, de transmittance, de diffusion, de brillance, de rugosité, de luminescence, de luminosité, et de préférence d'une mesure de teinte, de blancheur ou de degré de jaunissement. Ladite mesure de contrôle est de préférence réalisée sous illuminant D65 à 10°. L'une au moins des normes ou mesures suivantes est en particulier utilisée :  The control measure preferably comprises an optical measurement. These include a measure of reflectance, transmittance, diffusion, gloss, roughness, luminescence, brightness, and preferably a measure of hue, whiteness or degree of yellowness. Said control measure is preferably carried out under illuminant D65 at 10 °. At least one of the following standards or measures is used in particular:
ISO 2469 (2007-06) « Papier, carton et pâtes - Mesurage du facteur de luminance énergétique diffuse »,  ISO 2469 (2007-06) "Paper, board and pulps - Measurement of diffuse radiance factor",
ISO 5631 « Papier et carton. Détermination de la couleur par réflectance diffuse » et en particulier ISO 5631-2 (2008-12) « Partie 2 : conditions de lumière du jour extérieure (D65/100) », ISO 5631 "Paper and paperboard. Determination of color by diffuse reflectance "and in particular ISO 5631-2 (2008-12)" Part 2: Outdoor daylight conditions (D65 / 10 0 ) ",
ISO 2470 « Papier, carton et pâtes. Mesurage du facteur de réflectance diffuse dans le bleu. » et en particulier ISO 2470-1 (2009-10) « Partie 1 : conditions d'éclairage intérieur de jour (degré de blancheur ISO) », ISO 2470-2 (2008-11) « Partie 2 : conditions de lumière du jour extérieure (degré de blancheur D65) », ISO 11475 (2004-11) « Papier et carton - Détermination du degré de blanc CIE, D65/10 degrés (lumière du jour extérieure) », ISO 2470 "Paper, cardboard and pastes. Measurement of diffuse reflectance factor in blue. "And in particular ISO 2470-1 (2009-10)" Part 1: indoor daytime running conditions (ISO whiteness) ", ISO 2470-2 (2008-11)" Part 2: daylight conditions outside (degree of whiteness D65) ', ISO 11475 (2004-11) "Paper and board - Determination of degree of CIE whiteness, D65 / 10 degrees (outside light)",
degré de jaune mesuré par un appareil Datacolor Elrepho 300 commercialisé par la société Lorentzen & Wettre,  degree of yellow measured by a Datacolor Elrepho 300 device marketed by Lorentzen & Wetter,
ISO 8254 « Papiers et cartons - Mesurage du brillant spéculaire » et en particulier ISO 8254 "Paper and paperboard - Measurement of specular gloss" and in particular
ISO 8254-1 (2009-02) « Partie 1 : Brillant à 75° avec un faisceau convergent, méthode TAPPI », ISO 8254-2 (2003-01) « Partie 2: Brillant à 75° avec un faisceau parallèle, méthode DIN » et ISO 8254-3 (2004-11) « Partie 3: Brillant àISO 8254-1 (2009-02) "Part 1: 75 ° gloss with convergent beam, TAPPI method", ISO 8254-2 (2003-01) "Part 2: 75 ° gloss with parallel beam, DIN method And ISO 8254-3 (2004-11) "Part 3: Brilliant to
20° avec un faisceau convergent, méthode TAPPI » 20 ° with a convergent beam, TAPPI method »
mesure de fluorescence, notamment au moyen d'un spectrofluorimètre  fluorescence measurement, in particular by means of a spectrofluorimeter
ISO 22891 (2007-07) « Papier - Détermination de la transmittance par le mesurage de la réflectance diffuse », et  ISO 22891 (2007-07) "Paper - Determination of transmittance by diffuse reflectance measurement", and
ISO 9416 (2009-05) « Papier - Détermination des coefficients de diffusion et d'absorption de la lumière (utilisation de la théorie de Kubelka-Munk) ».  ISO 9416 (2009-05) "Paper - Determination of diffusion and light absorption coefficients (use of Kubelka-Munk theory)".
En variante la mesure de contrôle peut être remplacée ou complétée par un procédé d'analyse d'image, par exemple pour mesurer l'usure des impressions.  Alternatively the control measure can be replaced or supplemented by an image analysis method, for example to measure the wear of the prints.
La mesure optique peut être effectuée, de manière connue en soi, par l'observation d'une ou plusieurs zones du document de valeur.  The optical measurement can be performed, in a manner known per se, by observing one or more areas of the document of value.
La mesure de contrôle peut comporter une mesure de l'épaisseur du document de valeur au niveau du ruban.  The control measure may include a measure of the thickness of the valuable document at the ribbon level.
Le ruban peut être faiblement coloré, notamment en masse et/ou en surface, par exemple par imprégnation, surfaçage, couchage, enduction, impression ou tout procédé équivalent. Afin de mieux percevoir les effets de la circulation, le ruban est de préférence de couleur blanche. Par « coloré » on entend que le ruban comprend au moins un agent de coloration chromatique, ledit agent de coloration étant notamment pigmentaire.  The tape may be weakly colored, especially in bulk and / or on the surface, for example by impregnation, surfacing, coating, coating, printing or any equivalent method. In order to better perceive the effects of traffic, the ribbon is preferably white in color. By "colored" is meant that the ribbon comprises at least one coloring agent, said coloring agent being especially pigmentary.
La mesure de contrôle peut être effectuée sur une zone du document de valeur superposée au ruban, par exemple par mesure de réflectivité. En particulier, le document de valeur peut être illuminé sous un éclairage monochromatique puis la réflectivité d'une ou plusieurs zones du document superposées au ruban peut être déterminée, une moyenne des réflectivités obtenues pouvant notamment être établie. La valeur de réflectivité est alors comparée à une valeur de référence afin d'accepter ou de refuser la remise en circulation du document. Lors de cette mesure, le document de valeur peut être ou non illuminé en lumière blanche ou avec l'utilisation d'un filtre coloré. L'illumination peut encore se faire sous éclairage ultraviolet (UV) et/ou infrarouge (IR). De tels procédés de mesure sont décrits dans les demandes WO 2008/058742, US 2006/0140468 et EP 1 785 951. The control measurement can be performed on an area of the document of value superimposed on the ribbon, for example by reflectivity measurement. In particular, the document of value can be illuminated under monochromatic lighting and then the reflectivity of one or more areas of the document superimposed on the ribbon can be determined, an average of the reflectivities obtained can be established in particular. The reflectivity value is then compared to a reference value in order to accept or refuse the recirculation of the document. During this measurement, the document of value may or may not be illuminated in white light or with the use of a colored filter. Illumination can still be done under ultraviolet (UV) and / or infrared (IR). Such measurement methods are described in applications WO 2008/058742, US 2006/0140468 and EP 1785951.
Des variations structurelles, notamment des différences de compositions en fibres, de densité des fibres, d'opacité, d'impressions, entre différents documents de valeur peuvent affecter la fiabilité du contrôle de l'état physique du document de valeur par comparaison entre une mesure de contrôle sur une zone du document superposée au ruban et une valeur de référence préalablement déterminée.  Structural variations, including differences in fiber compositions, fiber density, opacity, impressions, between different valuable documents can affect the reliability of the control of the physical state of the valuable document by comparison between a measurement control over an area of the document superimposed on the ribbon and a predetermined reference value.
De ce fait, le ruban peut comporter au moins deux zones aptes à être affectées différemment par l'usure et/ou la salissure, de sorte à former une zone de mesure et une zone de référence, comme décrit dans la demande WO 2010/023428. Pour cela, on applique par exemple une protection sur une partie seulement du ruban, notamment un film ou un revêtement, de préférence transparent. La zone recouverte par ladite protection constitue alors la zone de référence, pas ou peu affectée par l'usure et/ou la salissure, et la zone de mesure se situe à l'aplomb du ruban hors de ladite zone de référence. De préférence, et afin que la zone de référence ne soit pas affectée par l'usure et/ou la salissure, ladite protection est appliquée sur au moins une face du substrat, sur une partie seulement, à l'aplomb du ruban.  As a result, the ribbon may comprise at least two zones that can be differently affected by wear and / or dirt, so as to form a measuring zone and a reference zone, as described in application WO 2010/023428. . For this purpose, for example, a protection is applied to only a portion of the ribbon, in particular a film or a coating, preferably transparent. The area covered by said protection then constitutes the reference zone, not or only slightly affected by wear and / or dirt, and the measurement zone is located above the ribbon outside said reference zone. Preferably, and so that the reference zone is not affected by wear and / or dirt, said protection is applied to at least one side of the substrate, on only one part, in line with the ribbon.
En particulier, deux mesures de contrôle peuvent être effectuées sur le document de valeur au niveau respectivement de la zone de mesure et de la zone de référence du ruban. Une comparaison des valeurs des mesures de contrôle entre la zone de mesure et la zone de référence peut permettre de déterminer un écart de valeurs, et l'acception ou le refus de remise en circulation du document de valeur peut se faire au moins en fonction de cet écart.  In particular, two control measurements can be performed on the document of value at the level of the measuring zone and the reference zone of the ribbon, respectively. A comparison of the values of the control measures between the measurement area and the reference area can be used to determine a deviation of values, and the acceptance or refusal of recirculation of the value document can be done at least according to this gap.
La zone de mesure et la zone de référence du ruban peuvent être juxtaposées l'une à l'autre, en étant accolées ou non, ou peuvent comporter au moins une partie commune entre elles.  The measuring zone and the reference zone of the ribbon may be juxtaposed to one another, being contiguous or not, or may comprise at least one common part between them.
La mesure de contrôle peut impliquer une des mesures optiques décrites ci- avant.  The control measure may involve one of the optical measurements described above.
Le ruban peut être incorporé au substrat du document de valeur de sorte à ce que la couleur de base du substrat, même si elle est un peu saturée, ne modifie sensiblement pas les propriétés optiques, notamment de teinte, au niveau du ruban. Il est ainsi possible de définir sur le document de valeur une zone, au niveau du ruban, qui soit sensiblement optiquement constante indépendamment de la nuance colorée du substrat du document de valeur. En particulier, le procédé selon l'invention peut permettre de contrôler l'état physique de billets de banque grâce à la zone définie par le ruban, même s'il existe des changements de nuances colorées pour différentier les coupures d'une même série de billets. The ribbon can be incorporated into the valuable document substrate so that the base color of the substrate, even if it is a little saturated, does not modify noticeably the optical properties, including hue, at the ribbon. It is thus possible to define on the document of value a zone, at the ribbon level, which is substantially optically constant regardless of the colored shade of the substrate of the valuable document. In particular, the method according to the invention can make it possible to control the physical state of bank notes thanks to the zone defined by the ribbon, even if there are changes of colored shades to differentiate the cuts of the same series of bills. tickets.
Le ruban peut être incorporé au substrat du document de valeur de manière à venir à affleurement d'au moins une face du document de valeur ou à proximité de la surface.  The ribbon may be incorporated into the valuable document substrate so as to be flush with at least one side of the valuable document or near the surface.
Par « zone superposée au ruban » ou « zone au niveau du ruban », il faut comprendre une zone qui recouvre le ruban lorsque le document est observé de face, que le ruban définisse ou non une portion de la surface extérieure du document.  By "zone superimposed on the ribbon" or "zone at the ribbon", it is necessary to include an area that covers the ribbon when the document is viewed from the front, whether or not the ribbon defines a portion of the outer surface of the document.
Le document de valeur peut comporter un motif imprimé au niveau du ruban fibreux. Le même motif peut être imprimé, notamment avec le même type d'encre, au niveau du ruban fibreux pour des documents de valeur, notamment des billets de banque, de différents types. Il est ainsi possible de suivre comparativement pour différentes coupures de billets l'état de dégradation des motifs imprimés sans être influencé par la couleur de base du substrat du document et le type d'encre utilisés.  The valuable document may include a pattern printed on the fibrous ribbon. The same pattern can be printed, especially with the same type of ink, at the fibrous ribbon for valuable documents, including bank notes, of different types. It is thus possible to follow comparatively for different banknotes the deterioration state of the printed patterns without being influenced by the base color of the document substrate and the type of ink used.
Le ruban est totalement incorporé au substrat du document de valeur, ou introduit en fenêtre(s) dans le substrat du document de valeur, ou partiellement incorporé au substrat du document de valeur de manière notamment à ce qu'au moins une partie du ruban soit non recouverte de fibres du substrat du document de valeur. En particulier, le ruban peut comporter une face externe observable sur le document, non recouverte par des fibres du substrat du document, et une face interne entièrement recouverte de fibres du substrat du document.  The ribbon is fully incorporated into the valuable document substrate, or introduced into window (s) in the valuable document substrate, or partially embedded in the valuable document substrate so that at least a portion of the ribbon is not covered with valuable substrate fibers. In particular, the ribbon may comprise an outer face observable on the document, not covered by fibers of the document substrate, and an inner surface completely covered with fibers of the document substrate.
Le ruban fibreux peut être incorporé dans le document de valeur par exemple selon le procédé décrit dans la demande WO 2009/136059.  The fibrous tape may be incorporated in the document of value for example according to the method described in the application WO 2009/136059.
La zone permettant d'effectuer la mesure de contrôle peut être définie par des dimensions du ruban fibreux, notamment sa largeur.  The area for performing the control measurement may be defined by dimensions of the fibrous tape, including its width.
La mesure de contrôle peut être réalisée sur une seule face du document, au niveau du ruban, ou sur les deux faces du document, au niveau du ruban. Le substrat du document de valeur et le ruban peuvent être à base des mêmes fibres, c'est à dire que leur composition en fibres est la même en nature et de préférence en mêmes proportions; ceci permet une bonne affinité entre le ruban et le substrat et peut, de plus, constituer un moyen d'authentifïcation supplémentaire. Le ruban peut cependant présenter une porosité différente de celle du substrat du document de valeur. The control measurement can be performed on one side of the document, at the ribbon, or on both sides of the document, at the ribbon. The valuable document substrate and the ribbon may be based on the same fibers, that is to say that their fiber composition is the same in nature and preferably in the same proportions; this allows a good affinity between the ribbon and the substrate and may, in addition, constitute an additional means of authentication. The ribbon may however have a porosity different from that of the valuable document substrate.
Le ruban fibreux peut comporter au moins un motif imprimé et/ou un élément de reconnaissance visuelle, par exemple un filigrane, des agglomérats fibreux (ou planchettes), des agglomérats de particules, par exemple des agglomérats de pigments (ou « Hilites »), et/ou des particules. Le motif imprimé et/ou l'élément de reconnaissance peuvent être reconnaissables par observation visuelle du document de valeur sans perturber l'observation des autres motifs présents sur le substrat du document de valeur. Il peut ainsi être possible de repérer la visibilité du motif imprimé et/ou de l'élément de reconnaissance du ruban jusqu'à un niveau de salissure et/ou d'usure prédéfini, pour lequel la visibilité est affectée et pour lequel le document de valeur doit être considéré comme usagé et doit être rejeté.  The fibrous tape may comprise at least one printed pattern and / or a visual recognition element, for example a watermark, fibrous agglomerates (or slats), particle agglomerates, for example pigment agglomerates (or "Hilites"), and / or particles. The printed pattern and / or the recognition element may be recognizable by visual observation of the valuable document without disturbing the observation of the other patterns present on the valuable document substrate. It may thus be possible to identify the visibility of the printed pattern and / or the ribbon recognition element to a predefined level of soiling and / or wear, for which visibility is affected and for which the document of value must be considered used and must be rejected.
Le ruban peut comporter une structure interne différente de celle du substrat du document de sécurité, en particulier présenter une porosité et/ou une épaisseur différentes. En effet, la dégradation d'un document de valeur en circulation engendre généralement une déstructuration de la matrice fibreuse du substrat. Le document de valeur subit des actions répétées de pliage et/ou de froissement, et les fibres se délient progressivement, de sorte que le substrat a tendance à augmenter en porosité et/ou en épaisseur. Avantageusement, l'augmentation de porosité et/ou d'épaisseur des fibres du ruban peut être contrôlée lors du tri de sorte que lorsqu'elle atteint une valeur seuil, le document de valeur soit rejeté de la circulation.  The ribbon may comprise an internal structure different from that of the substrate of the security document, in particular having a different porosity and / or thickness. Indeed, the degradation of a valuable document in circulation generally generates a destructuring of the fibrous matrix of the substrate. The valuable document is repeatedly bent and / or wrinkled, and the fibers gradually loosen, so that the substrate tends to increase in porosity and / or thickness. Advantageously, the increase in porosity and / or thickness of the ribbon fibers can be controlled during sorting so that when it reaches a threshold value, the valuable document is rejected from circulation.
En variante, le ruban peut comporter en outre un ou plusieurs éléments variables dont la valeur varie en fonction du niveau de modification physique du ruban fibreux par un effet cascade pouvant être facilement mesurable, par exemple par une méthode sans contact. Il s'agit notamment d'un marqueur introduit en concentration connue dans le ruban. La circulation d'un document selon l'invention entraîne une modification physique du substrat et en particulier une augmentation d'épaisseur. Ainsi le signal du marqueur, par exemple son intensité, notamment rapporté à une épaisseur donnée, varie en fonction de l'usure. Le document de valeur et/ou le ruban peuvent porter une valeur de référence. En particulier le document de valeur et/ou le ruban peuvent comporter un marquage, notamment une impression, ou un élément de sécurité comportant une valeur de référence sous une forme codée ou non. Alternatively, the ribbon may further comprise one or more variable elements, the value of which varies according to the level of physical modification of the fibrous ribbon by a cascade effect that can easily be measured, for example by a non-contact method. These include a marker introduced in known concentration in the ribbon. The circulation of a document according to the invention causes a physical modification of the substrate and in particular an increase in thickness. Thus, the signal of the marker, for example its intensity, especially related to a given thickness, varies depending on the wear. The valuable document and / or ribbon may carry a reference value. In particular, the document of value and / or the ribbon may comprise a marking, in particular an impression, or a security element comprising a reference value in coded form or not.
Le document de valeur et/ou le ruban peuvent comporter un support de mémorisation de données, notamment une puce RFID, pour mémoriser une valeur de référence servant lors des mesures effectuées pendant le tri. En variante, la valeur de référence est stockée dans un support de mémorisation de données externe, par exemple la mémoire de la machine de tri, ou sur un serveur distant auquel la machine de tri peut accéder.  The valuable document and / or the ribbon may comprise a data storage medium, in particular an RFID chip, for storing a reference value used during measurements made during sorting. As a variant, the reference value is stored in an external data storage medium, for example the memory of the sorting machine, or on a remote server to which the sorting machine can access.
Le ruban peut éventuellement comporter une ou plusieurs bandes fibreuses combinées à une ou plusieurs bandes de matière thermoplastique et/ou métallique, par exemple de PET, contrecollée(s) ou laminée(s) à chaud au(x) bande(s) fîbreuse(s) avant l'introduction du ruban dans le substrat du document de valeur.  The ribbon may optionally comprise one or more fibrous webs combined with one or more strips of thermoplastic material and / or metal, for example PET, laminated (s) or hot rolled (s) with (x) strip (s) fîbreuse (s) ( s) before the introduction of the ribbon into the valuable document substrate.
L'incorporation du ruban au substrat du document de valeur peut ne pas engendrer de surépaisseur du document. Par exemple, le ruban peut être introduit dans le substrat selon le procédé décrit dans la demande EP 0 773 320.  The incorporation of the ribbon to the substrate of the document of value may not cause extra thickness of the document. For example, the ribbon may be introduced into the substrate according to the process described in application EP 0 773 320.
Le ruban peut être dépourvu de filigrane. En variante, le ruban peut comporter au moins un filigrane. Le cas échéant, la superposition d'un filigrane du substrat du document de valeur et d'un filigrane du ruban peut permettre d'observer un motif résultant de leur association.  The ribbon may have no watermark. Alternatively, the ribbon may comprise at least one watermark. If necessary, the superposition of a watermark of the valuable document substrate and a watermark of the ribbon may make it possible to observe a pattern resulting from their association.
Le ruban peut être réalisé dans un même matériau que le substrat du document de valeur. Le ruban et le substrat sont notamment des papiers, par exemple de même composition. Le ruban et le substrat ont de préférence même composition fibreuse.  The ribbon may be made of the same material as the valuable document substrate. The ribbon and the substrate are in particular papers, for example of the same composition. The ribbon and the substrate preferably have the same fibrous composition.
Le ruban peut présenter des propriétés optiques analogues à celle du substrat du document de valeur, notamment des propriétés de coloration, de fluorescence, de phosphorescence, magnéto -optiques, de photochromie, de thermochromie, de piézochromie, d'iridescence, entre autres. Le ruban peut ainsi comporter, notamment en masse ou en surface, un agent de coloration, un composé fluorescent, phosphorescent, magnéto-optique, photochrome, thermochrome, piézochrome ou iridescent.  The ribbon may have optical properties similar to that of the valuable document substrate, including coloring, fluorescence, phosphorescence, magneto-optical, photochromic, thermochromic, piezochromic, iridescent properties, among others. The ribbon may thus comprise, especially in bulk or on the surface, a coloring agent, a fluorescent, phosphorescent, magneto-optical, photochromic, thermochromic, piezochrome or iridescent compound.
Le ruban peut être imprimé avec une encre classique ou de sécurité, notamment fluorescente, phosphorescente, magnétique, photochrome, thermochrome, piézochrome, iridescente, entre autres. L'encre peut être appliquée partiellement ou totalement sur le ruban, c'est-à-dire seulement sur certaines zones de la surface du ruban ou sur l'intégralité de la surface du ruban. L'encre peut être appliquée sur le ruban par un moyen d'impression comme par exemple l'offset, l'héliogravure, la sérigraphie ou l'impression jet d'encre. The ribbon can be printed with a conventional or security ink, especially fluorescent, phosphorescent, magnetic, photochromic, thermochromic, piezochrome, iridescent, among others. The ink may be applied partially or totally to the ribbon, i.e. only to certain areas of the ribbon surface or to the entire ribbon surface. The ink can be applied to the ribbon by printing means such as offset, gravure, screen printing or inkjet printing.
L'impression du ruban peut avoir lieu avant ou après son introduction dans le substrat.  Ribbon printing can take place before or after it is introduced into the substrate.
Lorsque l'impression d'un motif a lieu sur le ruban avant son introduction, le niveau de visibilité du motif imprimé est un indicateur de degré d'usure et/ou de salissure du document de valeur.  When the printing of a pattern takes place on the ribbon before its introduction, the level of visibility of the printed pattern is an indicator of degree of wear and / or dirt of the valuable document.
Lorsque l'impression est une couche uniforme appliquée sur le ruban avant son introduction, elle peut permettre d'obtenir la valeur désirée de la mesure utilisée pour le contrôle de l'état physique du document de valeur, notamment la teinte ou la blancheur.  When the printing is an even layer applied to the ribbon before its introduction, it can make it possible to obtain the desired value of the measurement used for the control of the physical state of the valuable document, in particular the hue or the whiteness.
Lorsque l'impression a lieu après l'introduction du ruban, elle a lieu sur le substrat à l'aplomb d'une zone dans laquelle le ruban est en masse dans le substrat et/ou sur le ruban dans une zone dans laquelle le ruban apparaît en fenêtre à la surface du substrat.  When the printing takes place after the introduction of the ribbon, it takes place on the substrate in line with an area in which the ribbon is mass in the substrate and / or on the ribbon in an area in which the ribbon appears in window on the surface of the substrate.
Le ruban peut être revêtu d'un vernis transparent ou coloré, notamment de couleur blanche. Il s'agit en particulier d'un vernis thermoscellant.  The ribbon may be coated with a transparent or colored varnish, in particular of white color. It is in particular a heat-sealing varnish.
Dans le cas d'un faible dépôt de vernis sur le ruban, par exemple inférieur à 5 g/m2, le comportement de la zone du document dans laquelle le ruban est situé est voisin de celui du reste du document. La mesure de contrôle de l'état physique du document est donc représentative de l'usure et/ou de la salissure du document. In the case of a low deposition of varnish on the ribbon, for example less than 5 g / m 2 , the behavior of the area of the document in which the ribbon is located is close to that of the rest of the document. The control measure of the physical state of the document is therefore representative of the wear and / or dirt of the document.
Le ruban peut comporter un agent fluorescent. L'agent fluorescent peut être coloré ou non, visible ou invisible en lumière visible. L'agent fluorescent peut par exemple être incorporé dans la masse du ruban. L'agent fluorescent peut être visible par exemple sous lumière ultraviolette (UV) et/ou infrarouge (IR).  The ribbon may include a fluorescent agent. The fluorescent agent may be colored or not, visible or invisible in visible light. The fluorescent agent may for example be incorporated in the mass of the ribbon. The fluorescent agent may be visible for example under ultraviolet (UV) and / or infrared (IR) light.
Le ruban s'étend entre deux bords opposés du document de valeur. The ribbon extends between two opposite edges of the valuable document.
Le ruban peut présenter des bords longitudinaux de forme irrégulière, notamment non rectilignes, par exemple ayant la forme de lignes brisées ou ondulées, de créneaux, de zigzag, entre autres. Les bords longitudinaux opposés du ruban peuvent être de même forme ou de formes différentes, régulières ou irrégulières. Le ruban peut présenter différentes caractéristiques perceptibles aux sens, par exemple à la vue ou au toucher. The ribbon may have longitudinal edges of irregular shape, including non-rectilinear, for example having the form of broken or wavy lines, crenellations, zigzag, among others. The opposite longitudinal edges of the ribbon may be of the same shape or of different shapes, regular or irregular. The ribbon may have different perceptible characteristics to the senses, for example to sight or touch.
Le ruban peut par exemple être embossé, permettant ainsi de créer un effet particulier, notamment un effet tactile ou de relief en surface, le ruban pouvant apparaître partiellement sur la surface du substrat du document de valeur.  The ribbon may for example be embossed, thus creating a particular effect, including a touch or surface relief, the ribbon may appear partially on the surface of the valuable document substrate.
Le ruban peut être enduit d'un polymère thermoplastique puis éventuellement embossé à la suite de cette enduction.  The ribbon may be coated with a thermoplastic polymer and optionally embossed as a result of this coating.
Le ruban peut être imprimé avec des encres, des pigments, des gouttes de vernis ou de résine, entre autres.  The ribbon can be printed with inks, pigments, drops of varnish or resin, among others.
Lorsque le ruban comporte des impressions, cela peut par exemple permettre d'obtenir des effets optiques variables.  When the ribbon comprises impressions, this may for example allow to obtain variable optical effects.
Le ruban est par exemple introduit en fenêtre(s) dans le substrat du document. The ribbon is for example introduced into window (s) in the document substrate.
Le ruban conserve avantageusement sa propre cohésion après introduction dans le substrat du document de valeur. Aussi, la structure du ruban peut être observable après son introduction dans le substrat dans certaines conditions, par exemple en coupe ou par vision en réflexion ou en transmission. Ainsi, il peut être possible d'observer le ruban grâce à des écarts de propriétés optiques, par exemple des différences de contraste, de teinte, de saturation, de clarté ou d'opacité, qui rendent visible une frontière entre le ruban et le substrat ou caractérisent la présence du ruban. The ribbon advantageously retains its own cohesion after introduction into the substrate of the valuable document. Also, the structure of the ribbon may be observable after its introduction into the substrate under certain conditions, for example in section or by vision in reflection or transmission. Thus, it may be possible to observe the ribbon due to differences in optical properties, for example differences in contrast, hue, saturation, clarity, or opacity, which make a boundary between the ribbon and the substrate visible. or characterize the presence of the ribbon.
Afin d'obtenir le ruban, on peut par exemple fabriquer une feuille fibreuse, de préférence de faible grammage selon un procédé papetier courant, c'est-à-dire par exemple par égouttage d'une suspension de fibres comprenant éventuellement des charges et des additifs classiques en papeterie, les éventuels éléments de sécurité spécifiques, pressage du matelas fibreux obtenu puis séchage. Cette feuille est ensuite éventuellement calandrée ce qui permet en particulier de réduire son épaisseur, puis on la coupe pour former des rubans qui sont alors enroulés en bobines.  In order to obtain the ribbon, it is possible, for example, to produce a fibrous sheet, preferably of low grammage, according to a common papermaking process, that is to say for example by draining a suspension of fibers optionally comprising fillers and fillers. conventional additives in stationery, the possible specific security elements, pressing of the fibrous mat obtained and drying. This sheet is then optionally calendered which allows in particular to reduce its thickness, and then cut to form ribbons which are then wound into coils.
Le ruban peut être par exemple à base de fibres cellulosiques (en particulier de fibres de coton) et/ou de fibres organiques naturelles autres que cellulosiques et/ou de fibres synthétiques, par exemple telles que des fibres de polyester ou de polyamide, et/ou éventuellement de fibres minérales, par exemple telles que des fibres de verre. Le ruban peut ne pas comporter de fibres d'alcool polyvinylique (PVA). Les fibres peuvent être hydrophiles, notamment de manière à développer des liaisons chimiques, principalement hydrogène, avec le substrat. The ribbon may for example be based on cellulosic fibers (in particular cotton fibers) and / or natural organic fibers other than cellulosic and / or synthetic fibers, for example such as polyester or polyamide fibers, and / or or optionally mineral fibers, for example such as glass fibers. The ribbon may not include polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) fibers. The fibers may be hydrophilic, in particular so as to develop chemical bonds, mainly hydrogen, with the substrate.
Le ruban peut comporter en poids au moins 50 % de fibres cellulosiques.  The ribbon may comprise by weight at least 50% of cellulosic fibers.
Le ruban peut présenter un grammage compris entre 5 et 100 g/m2, de préférence compris entre 15 et 55 g/m2 et plus préférentiellement entre 20 et 30 g/m2. Le grammage est mesuré selon la norme ISO 536: 1995. The ribbon may have a grammage of between 5 and 100 g / m 2 , preferably between 15 and 55 g / m 2 and more preferably between 20 and 30 g / m 2 . The grammage is measured according to ISO 536: 1995.
Le ruban peut présenter une largeur comprise entre 2 et 60 mm, de préférence entre 4 et 30 mm et plus préférentiellement entre 10 et 20 mm.  The ribbon may have a width of between 2 and 60 mm, preferably between 4 and 30 mm and more preferably between 10 and 20 mm.
Le ruban peut comporter des perforations, notamment afin de favoriser l'égouttage lors de la fabrication du document de valeur ou encore d'ajouter un effet optique supplémentaire, en particulier en combinaison avec au moins un filigrane. Par exemple, ces perforations sont disposées en bordure dudit ruban ou de manière à former un motif ou un code.  The ribbon may comprise perforations, in particular to promote drainage during the manufacture of the valuable document or to add an additional optical effect, especially in combination with at least one watermark. For example, these perforations are arranged at the edge of said ribbon or so as to form a pattern or a code.
Le ruban peut présenter dans le document une épaisseur comprise entre 10 et 150 μιη, par exemple entre 20 et 120 μιη, de préférence entre 30 et 80 μιη, et plus préférentiellement entre 45 et 55 μιη.  The ribbon may have in the document a thickness of between 10 and 150 μιη, for example between 20 and 120 μιη, preferably between 30 and 80 μιη, and more preferably between 45 and 55 μιη.
Le ruban peut comporter un filigrane et des perforations autour de ce filigrane. The ribbon may include a watermark and perforations around this watermark.
Le ruban et/ou le substrat du document de valeur peut ou non comporter un élément de sécurité, en masse ou en surface, par exemple un fil de sécurité, un foil ou un patch. The ribbon and / or the valuable document substrate may or may not include a security element, in bulk or on the surface, for example a security thread, a foil or a patch.
Le ruban et/ou le substrat du document de valeur peut comporter au moins un élément de sécurité sur l'une de ses faces, voire sur chacune de ses faces. Le ruban peut comporter des éléments de sécurité différents sur chaque face.  The ribbon and / or the substrate of the document of value may comprise at least one security element on one of its faces, or even on each of its faces. The ribbon may have different security features on each side.
L'élément de sécurité peut être choisi parmi les traceurs, notamment nanométriques, les fibres de sécurité notamment métalliques, magnétiques (à magnétisme doux et/ou dur), ou absorbantes ou excitables dans l'ultraviolet (UV), le visible ou l'infrarouge (IR) et en particulier le proche infrarouge (NIR), les éléments de sécurité plats et de format relativement petit tels que les planchettes, les pigments ou agglomérats de pigments notamment absorbants ou excitables sous illumination laser ou dans l'ultraviolet (UV), le visible ou l'infrarouge (IR), en particulier le proche infrarouge (NIR), et les fils de sécurité (à base plastique, notamment de polyester) comprenant notamment un revêtement au moins partiel, métallique, métallisé, iridescent ou magnétique (à magnétisme doux et/ou dur), le revêtement pouvant notamment comporter des motifs en positif ou en négatif et lesdits motifs pouvant notamment être obtenus par démétallisation, les réactifs chimiques ou biochimiques d' infalsification et/ou d'authentification et/ou d'identification pouvant notamment réagir avec au moins un agent respectivement de falsification et/ou d'authentification et/ou d'identification, et les éléments optiquement variables notamment des hologrammes, des cristaux liquides, des pigments iridescents ou des structures à effet miroir, en particulier diélectriques, et leurs combinaisons. The security element may be chosen from tracers, in particular nanoscale, security fibers including metallic, magnetic (with soft magnetism and / or hard), or absorbable or excitable in the ultraviolet (UV), the visible or the infrared (IR) and in particular the near-infrared (NIR), flat and relatively small security elements such as boards, pigments or pigment agglomerates especially absorbent or excitable under laser illumination or in the ultraviolet (UV) , the visible or the infrared (IR), in particular the near infrared (NIR), and the security threads (plastic based, in particular polyester) comprising in particular an at least partial coating, metallic, metallized, iridescent or magnetic ( with soft magnetism and / or hard), the coating may include in particular positive or negative patterns and said patterns may in particular be obtained by demetallization, the chemical or biochemical reagents for tampering and / or authentication and / or identification may in particular react with least one falsification and / or authentication and / or identification agent respectively, and the optically variable elements in particular holograms, liquid crystals, iridescent pigments or mirror-effect structures, in particular dielectric structures, and their combinations.
Le ruban peut comporter au moins deux éléments de sécurité choisis parmi ceux cités précédemment.  The ribbon may comprise at least two security elements selected from those mentioned above.
Le ruban peut comporter entre 0,1 et 1 % en poids sec de fibres magnétiques, en particulier à magnétisme doux, par rapport à la quantité totale de fibres, et de préférence entre 0,2 et 0,6 %.  The ribbon may comprise between 0.1 and 1% by dry weight of magnetic fibers, in particular with mild magnetism, with respect to the total amount of fibers, and preferably between 0.2 and 0.6%.
Le ruban peut comporter une pluralité de planchettes réparties selon une densité surfacique comprise entre 4000 et 25000 planchettes/m2, de préférence entre 5000 et 20000 planchettes/m2 et plus préférentiellement entre 11000 et 18000 planchettes/m2. The ribbon may comprise a plurality of small boards distributed at a density of between 4000 and 25000 boards / m 2 , preferably between 5000 and 20000 boards / m 2 and more preferably between 11000 and 18000 boards / m 2 .
Le ruban peut comporter une série de fils de sécurité parallèles, et plus particulièrement la succession des espaces inter-fïls et/ou la série des différentes largeurs des fils de sécurité constituent un code, en particulier de type code à barres.  The ribbon may comprise a series of parallel security threads, and more particularly the succession of inter-thread spaces and / or the series of different widths of the security threads constitute a code, in particular of the barcode type.
Le ruban peut comporter un fil antivol à magnétisme doux.  The ribbon may include a soft magnetically anti-theft wire.
Le ruban peut présenter une résistance à l'état humide (REH) par rapport à la traction supérieure à 30%, notamment afin de ne pas occasionner de problèmes lors de son introduction dans le document de valeur. La résistance à l'état humide en traction est mesurée en divisant la valeur de la résistance humide à la traction mesurée selon la norme NF Q 03.056 par la résistance sèche à la traction mesurée selon la norme NF EN ISO 1924. Cette résistance à l'état humide peut notamment être apportée de manière conventionnelle par l'ajout d'un agent de résistance à l'état humide, par exemple tel qu'une résine polyamine-amide-épichlorhydrine (PAAE), une résine mélamine formol, etc...  The ribbon may have a wet strength (REH) with respect to traction greater than 30%, in particular so as not to cause problems when introduced into the valuable document. The resistance in the wet state in tension is measured by dividing the value of the wet tensile strength measured according to the NF Q 03.056 standard by the dry tensile strength measured according to the NF EN ISO 1924 standard. wet state may in particular be provided in a conventional manner by the addition of a wet strength agent, for example such as a polyamine-amide-epichlorohydrin resin (PAAE), a formaldehyde melamine resin, etc.
En variante, un complément de résistance à l'état humide (REH) peut être obtenu en ajoutant une partie du ou des agent(s) REH dans des bains de surfaçage d'une feuille fibreuse, servant par exemple à la fabrication du ruban.  Alternatively, an additional wet strength (REH) may be obtained by adding a portion of the REH agent (s) in surfactant baths of a fibrous sheet, for example for making the tape.
Le ruban peut comporter un adhésif, par exemple un agent thermoscellant. L'adhésif peut par exemple être un enduit thermoscellant, par exemple un vernis thermoscellant, un agent réticulable aux ultraviolets (UV), un adhésif à irradier, un adhésif sensible à la pression (PSA), un vernis avec une base solvant, du type polyester par exemple, un adhésif en phase aqueuse, etc... The ribbon may comprise an adhesive, for example a heat sealing agent. The adhesive may for example be a heat-sealing coating, for example a heat-sealing varnish, an ultraviolet (UV) cross-linkable agent, an adhesive to be irradiated, a pressure-sensitive adhesive (PSA), a varnish with a solvent base, of the type polyester for example, an adhesive in the aqueous phase, etc.
L'adhésif peut avantageusement être un adhésif à base d'acétate de polyvinyle comme le Mowilith DC.  The adhesive may advantageously be an adhesive based on polyvinyl acetate such as Mowilith DC.
L'ajout de l'adhésif au ruban peut notamment se faire par un procédé d'enduction, par exemple un couchage, ou par des procédés issus des techniques d'impression d'une base papier après sa fabrication, par exemple le couchage à lame d'air, l'héliogravure, la sérigraphie, le couchage à rideau, la flexographie, entre autres.  The addition of the adhesive to the ribbon can in particular be done by a coating process, for example a coating, or by methods resulting from printing techniques of a paper base after its manufacture, for example blade coating. air, gravure, screen printing, curtain coating, flexography, among others.
L'enduction de l'adhésif, par exemple sur une feuille fibreuse servant à la fabrication du ruban, peut se faire par exemple à raison de 2 à 15 g/m2 par face, de préférence entre 3 et 8 g/m2 par face. The coating of the adhesive, for example on a fibrous sheet used for the manufacture of the ribbon, can be carried out for example at a rate of 2 to 15 g / m 2 per side, preferably between 3 and 8 g / m 2 per face.
La température de scellage peut varier entre 70 et 135 °C, par exemple, selon l'adhésif employé, et le scellage peut avoir lieu lors du séchage du document de valeur.  The sealing temperature can vary between 70 and 135 ° C, for example, depending on the adhesive used, and the sealing can take place during the drying of the valuable document.
L'enduction peut être réalisée au moins partiellement à cœur, c'est-à-dire atteindre en profondeur, voire en totalité le ruban, ou en surface.  The coating can be carried out at least partially at the core, that is to say reach in depth, or even in total the ribbon, or at the surface.
De préférence, l'enduction est réalisée sur le support servant à la fabrication du ruban avant découpage de ce support. En variante, l'enduction peut être réalisée pendant la fabrication du support servant à la fabrication du ruban.  Preferably, the coating is performed on the support used for the manufacture of the tape before cutting the support. Alternatively, the coating can be performed during the manufacture of the support for the manufacture of the tape.
L'enduction peut être réalisée sur une seule face du support ou sur les deux faces du support. L'adhésif peut couvrir entièrement la face sur laquelle il est déposé.  The coating can be performed on one side of the support or on both sides of the support. The adhesive can completely cover the face on which it is deposited.
L'incorporation de l'adhésif au ruban peut également se faire par imprégnation, en plongeant le ruban ou le support servant à le fabriquer dans un bain.  The incorporation of the adhesive tape can also be done by impregnation, by dipping the ribbon or the support used to make it in a bath.
Le substrat du document de valeur peut comporter un ou plusieurs filigranes. The valuable document substrate may include one or more watermarks.
Le filigrane porté par le substrat peut être un filigrane clair. Dans ce cas, les zones claires du filigrane présentent une masse surfacique strictement inférieure à celle du vélin. En variante, le filigrane peut être un filigrane sombre. The watermark carried by the substrate may be a clear watermark. In this case, the light areas of the watermark have a mass per unit area strictly lower than that of vellum. Alternatively, the watermark may be a dark watermark.
Le filigrane peut encore être un filigrane à effet multiton comportant un ensemble de zones claires agencées pour former une image tramée présentant des tons clairs et sombres. Cette image tramée peut comporter des motifs de trame formés par exemple par des lignes ou des points. La demande de brevet EP 1 122 360 divulgue la réalisation d'un tel filigrane. The watermark may further be a multi-tone watermark having a set of light areas arranged to form a halftone image having light and dark tones. This raster image may comprise raster patterns formed by example by lines or points. Patent application EP 1 122 360 discloses the production of such a watermark.
Le substrat peut comporter au moins un élément de sécurité, en particulier choisi parmi les traceurs, notamment nanométriques, les fibres de sécurité notamment métalliques, magnétiques (à magnétisme doux et/ou dur), ou absorbantes ou excitables dans l'ultraviolet (UV), le visible ou l'infrarouge (IR) et en particulier le proche infrarouge (NIR), les éléments de sécurité plats et de format relativement petit tels que les planchettes, les pigments ou agglomérats de pigments notamment absorbants ou excitables sous illumination laser ou dans l'ultraviolet (UV), le visible ou l'infrarouge (IR), en particulier le proche infrarouge (NIR), et les fils de sécurité (en général à base plastique, notamment de polyester) comprenant notamment un revêtement au moins partiel, métallique, métallisé, iridescent ou magnétique (à magnétisme doux et/ou dur), le revêtement pouvant notamment comporter des motifs en positif ou en négatif et les motifs pouvant notamment être obtenus par démétallisation, les réactifs chimiques ou biochimiques d'infalsifîcation et/ou d'authentifîcation et/ou d'identification pouvant notamment réagir avec au moins un agent respectivement de falsification et/ou d'authentifîcation et/ou d'identification, et les éléments optiquement variables notamment des hologrammes, des cristaux liquides, des pigments iridescents ou des structures à effet miroir, en particulier des couches diélectriques, et leurs combinaisons.  The substrate may comprise at least one security element, in particular chosen from tracers, in particular nanometric, security fibers, in particular metallic, magnetic (with soft magnetism and / or hard), or absorbent or excitable in the ultraviolet (UV) , the visible or the infrared (IR) and in particular the near infrared (NIR), flat and relatively small security elements such as boards, pigments or pigment agglomerates especially absorbent or excitable laser illumination or in ultraviolet (UV), visible or infrared (IR), in particular the near infrared (NIR), and security son (generally plastic-based, in particular polyester) comprising in particular at least a partial coating, metallic, iridescent or magnetic (with soft magnetism and / or hard), the coating may include in particular positive or negative patterns and the patterns can be obtained in particular by demetallization, the chemical or biochemical reagents for tampering and / or authentication and / or identification may in particular react with at least one agent respectively falsification and / or authentication and / or identification, and optically variable elements, in particular holograms, liquid crystals, iridescent pigments or mirror-effect structures, in particular dielectric layers, and combinations thereof.
Le substrat peut en particulier comporter des éléments de sécurité visibles à l'œil nu mais il peut aussi comprendre des traceurs qui se présentent sous forme de matière active, de particules ou de fibres, capables de générer un signal spécifique lorsque ces traceurs sont soumis à une excitation optronique, électrique, magnétique ou électromagnétique. Ces « traceurs » constituent une substance identifiable grâce à une propriété distinctive et utilisée pour marquer un élément (un document de sécurité dans le cas présent) et assurer son suivi, le suivi de son évolution ou permettre sa reconnaissance, son authentifîcation ou son identification. Les structures diélectriques à effet miroir sont constituées d'une alternance de couches de haut et de bas indice, par exemple respectivement du dioxyde d'Hafnium et du dioxyde de Silice, et peuvent notamment être obtenues par gravure ionique.  The substrate may in particular comprise safety elements visible to the naked eye, but it may also comprise tracers which are in the form of active material, particles or fibers, capable of generating a specific signal when these tracers are subjected to optronic, electrical, magnetic or electromagnetic excitation. These "tracers" constitute an identifiable substance through a distinctive property and used to mark an element (a security document in this case) and ensure its follow-up, the follow-up of its evolution or allow its recognition, authentication or identification. The dielectric structures with a mirror effect consist of an alternation of high and low index layers, for example respectively of Hafnium dioxide and of silica, and may in particular be obtained by ion etching.
Le substrat peut comporter au moins un réactif chimique ou biochimique d'infalsifîcation et/ou d'authentifîcation et/ou d'identification réagissant de manière colorée, à au moins un agent respectivement de falsification et/ou d'authentification et/ou d'identification. The substrate may comprise at least one chemical or biochemical reagent tampering and / or authenticating and / or identification reacting so colored, to at least one falsification and / or authentication and / or identification agent respectively.
Le substrat du document de valeur peut intégrer un ou plusieurs rubans selon l'invention.  The valuable document substrate may incorporate one or more ribbons according to the invention.
Au moins un ruban peut recouvrir au moins partiellement au moins un filigrane du substrat.  At least one ribbon may at least partially cover at least one watermark of the substrate.
L'association d'un ruban et d'un filigrane du substrat du document de valeur peut permettre de créer un moyen d'authentification reposant sur l'observation de la zone où se superposent le ruban et le filigrane et éventuellement de l'observation d'une zone adjacente.  The combination of a ribbon and a watermark of the valuable document substrate can make it possible to create an authentication means based on the observation of the zone where the ribbon and the watermark are superimposed and possibly for the observation of the document. an adjacent area.
L'invention a encore pour objet, selon un autre de ses aspects, un document de valeur, notamment un billet de banque, notamment pour la mise en œuvre du procédé tel que défini précédemment, dans lequel est incorporé le ruban fibreux, de couleur blanche, ce ruban venant par exemple à affleurement de l'une des faces au moins du document, notamment à affleurement de la surface du document par une seule de ses faces.  According to another of its aspects, another object of the invention is a valuable document, notably a banknote, especially for the implementation of the method as defined above, in which is incorporated the fibrous ribbon, of white color , this tape coming for example flush with one of the faces of the document, in particular flush with the surface of the document by only one of its faces.
L'invention a encore pour objet, selon un autre de ses aspects, un document de valeur, notamment un billet de banque, notamment pour la mise en œuvre du procédé tel que défini précédemment, dans lequel est incorporé le ruban fibreux, celui-ci venant, par chacune de ses deux faces, à affleurement de la surface du billet de banque.  Another subject of the invention, according to another of its aspects, is a valuable document, notably a banknote, particularly for the implementation of the method as defined above, in which the fibrous ribbon is incorporated, the latter coming from each of its two faces, flush with the surface of the banknote.
L'invention a encore pour objet, selon un autre de ses aspects, un ensemble comportant au moins deux billets de banque correspondant à différentes coupures, notamment pour la mise en œuvre du procédé tel que défini précédemment, caractérisé par le fait que des rubans fibreux identiques, de préférence de couleur blanche, sont incorporés dans ces billets.  According to another of its aspects, the subject of the invention is also an assembly comprising at least two bank notes corresponding to different cuts, in particular for the implementation of the method as defined above, characterized in that fibrous ribbons identical, preferably white, are incorporated in these notes.
Par « couleur blanche » il faut comprendre sensiblement achromatique, notamment un degré de blancheur supérieur à 80° mesuré selon la norme ISO 2470, en particulier selon la norme ISO 2470-1 décrite ci-avant.  By "white color" must be understood substantially achromatic, especially a degree of whiteness greater than 80 ° measured according to ISO 2470, in particular according to ISO 2470-1 described above.
L'invention pourra être mieux comprise à la lecture qui va suivre, de la description d'exemples non limitatifs de mise en œuvre de celle-ci, et à l'examen des figures du dessin annexé, schématiques et partielles, sur lequel :  The invention will be better understood on reading which follows, the description of non-limiting examples of implementation thereof, and on examining the figures of the accompanying drawing, schematic and partial, in which:
- la figure 1 représente un schéma en blocs illustrant des étapes de mise en œuvre du procédé de tri selon l'invention, - la figure 2 représente, en vue de face, un exemple de document de valeur pour la mise en œuvre du procédé selon l'invention, FIG. 1 represents a block diagram illustrating stages of implementation of the sorting method according to the invention, FIG. 2 represents, in front view, an exemplary document of value for the implementation of the method according to the invention,
- la figure 3 est une coupe selon II-II de la figure 2,  FIG. 3 is a section along II-II of FIG. 2,
- la figure 4 représente une variante de réalisation de la figure 3, - la figure 5 représente, en vue de face, un autre exemple de document de valeur pour la mise en œuvre du procédé selon l'invention,  FIG. 4 represents an alternative embodiment of FIG. 3; FIG. 5 represents, in front view, another example of a document of value for the implementation of the method according to the invention,
- la figure 6 est une coupe selon IV-IV de la figure 5,  FIG. 6 is a section along IV-IV of FIG. 5;
- les figures 7 et 8 représentent, en coupe, des variantes de réalisation de rubans fibreux destinés à être incorporés à un document de valeur pour la mise en œuvre du procédé selon l'invention, et  FIGS. 7 and 8 show, in section, alternative embodiments of fiber ribbons intended to be incorporated into a valuable document for implementing the method according to the invention, and
- la figure 9 représente un exemple d'ensemble d'au moins deux billets de banque selon l'invention.  FIG. 9 represents an exemplary set of at least two bank notes according to the invention.
Sur les figures, les proportions relatives et absolues des éléments représentés n'ont pas toujours été respectées dans un souci de clarté du dessin.  In the figures, the relative and absolute proportions of the elements represented have not always been respected for the sake of clarity of the drawing.
On a représenté sur les figures 2 et 3 un exemple de document de valeur 1 pour la mise en œuvre du procédé selon l'invention.  FIGS. 2 and 3 show an exemplary document of value 1 for implementing the method according to the invention.
Dans cet exemple, le document de valeur 1 comporte un ruban fibreux 2, qui présente deux faces 2a et 2b, le ruban 2 étant incorporé en masse dans le substrat 7 du document 1, de sorte que l'épaisseur e du ruban fibreux 2 est inférieure à l'épaisseur E du substrat 7 ailleurs qu'au niveau du ruban 2.  In this example, the document of value 1 comprises a fibrous ribbon 2, which has two faces 2a and 2b, the ribbon 2 being embedded in mass in the substrate 7 of the document 1, so that the thickness e of the fibrous ribbon 2 is less than the thickness E of the substrate 7 other than at the level of the ribbon 2.
Le ruban fibreux 2 présente avantageusement une couleur blanche et permet de déterminer l'état physique du document 1 indépendamment de la couleur du substrat du document 1.  The fibrous ribbon 2 advantageously has a white color and makes it possible to determine the physical state of the document 1 independently of the color of the substrate of the document 1.
Le ruban 2 peut être réalisé avec une ou plusieurs des caractéristiques mentionnées plus haut. Il en est de même du substrat 7.  The ribbon 2 may be made with one or more of the features mentioned above. It is the same for the substrate 7.
Le document de valeur 1 comporte en outre, dans cet exemple, un fil de sécurité 8, introduit en fenêtre(s).  The document of value 1 further comprises, in this example, a security thread 8, introduced in window (s).
Dans l'exemple de la figure 3, le ruban 2 ne vient pas à affleurement des deux faces 7a et 7b du document de valeur 1. La distance d sépare au moins une face 2a ou 2b du ruban 2 de la face 7a ou 7b correspondante du substrat 7. Le ruban 2 peut par exemple présenter dans le document une épaisseur e comprise entre 10 et 150 μιη, par exemple entre 20 et 120 μηι, de préférence entre 30 et 80 μηι, et plus préférentiellement entre 45 et 55 μηι. In the example of FIG. 3, the ribbon 2 does not come flush with the two faces 7a and 7b of the document of value 1. The distance d separates at least one face 2a or 2b of the ribbon 2 from the corresponding face 7a or 7b of the substrate 7. The ribbon 2 can for example present in the document a thickness e of between 10 and 150 μιη, for example between 20 and 120 μηι, preferably between 30 and 80 μηι, and more preferably between 45 and 55 μηι.
La figure 4 illustre la possibilité d'avoir le ruban 2 qui vient à affleurement d'une seule face 7a du document de valeur 1.  FIG. 4 illustrates the possibility of having the ribbon 2 flush with a single face 7a of the document of value 1.
Le document de valeur 1 peut comporter, le cas échéant, une puce RFID 5 permettant de stocker une ou plusieurs valeurs de référence auxquelles sont comparées la ou les valeurs de mesure de contrôle lors de la mise en œuvre du procédé selon l'invention.  The valuable document 1 may include, where appropriate, an RFID chip 5 for storing one or more reference values which are compared to the control measurement value or values during the implementation of the method according to the invention.
Dans la variante illustrée aux figures 5 et 6, le ruban 2 est introduit en fenêtre(s). L'une des faces du ruban vient par exemple à affleurement d'une face du document de valeur 1 en des emplacements espacés le long du ruban. Entre ces emplacements, le ruban est recouvert par une épaisseur non nulle de substrat. L'autre face du ruban peut n'être jamais affleurante de la surface du substrat ou en variante venir à affleurement en des emplacements situés, en vue de dessus, entre ceux où lesquels le ruban affleure sur l'autre face.  In the variant illustrated in Figures 5 and 6, the ribbon 2 is introduced into window (s). One side of the ribbon for example comes flush with a face of the document of value 1 at spaced locations along the ribbon. Between these locations, the ribbon is covered by a non-zero thickness of substrate. The other side of the ribbon may never be flush with the surface of the substrate or may alternatively be flush with locations located in a top view between those where the ribbon is flush with the other side.
Sur la figure 1, on a illustré des étapes d'un procédé de contrôle de l'état physique du document de valeur 1 selon l'invention.  FIG. 1 illustrates steps of a method for controlling the physical state of the document of value 1 according to the invention.
Dans une première étape I, on effectue, par exemple à l'aide d'une machine de tri, une mesure de contrôle sur au moins une zone 9 superposée au ruban fibreux 2 du document de valeur 1. Cette zone 9 peut être repérée par rapport à un bord du document de valeur, une impression ou un élément de sécurité, notamment un filigrane. L'étape I peut comporter une ou plusieurs mesures de contrôle sur une ou plusieurs zones au niveau du ruban fibreux 2, voire également hors du ruban 2 dans une variante de mise en œuvre.  In a first step I, for example using a sorting machine, a control measurement is carried out on at least one zone 9 superimposed on the fibrous ribbon 2 of the document of value 1. This zone 9 can be marked by report to an edge of the document of value, an impression or a security element, in particular a watermark. Step I may comprise one or more control measures on one or more zones at the level of the fibrous ribbon 2, or even out of the ribbon 2 in an implementation variant.
Puis, dans une deuxième étape II, on compare la ou les valeurs obtenues de la ou des mesures de contrôle avec une ou plusieurs valeurs de référence préalablement connues. La ou les valeurs de référence sont préalablement déterminées, et stockées par exemple sur un support de mémorisation de données interne au document de valeur 1 , par exemple la puce RFID 5, ou un support de mémorisation de données externe au document de valeur 1, par exemple la mémoire de la machine de tri ou un serveur distant. La ou les valeurs de référence sont déterminées de façon à obtenir un ou plusieurs seuils d'acceptabilité de remise en circulation des documents de valeur. En fonction du résultat de la comparaison effectuée dans l'étape II, on décide alors, dans une étape III, de la remise en circulation du document de valeur 1 ou de son retrait. Then, in a second step II, the value or values obtained from the one or more control measurements are compared with one or more previously known reference values. The reference value or values are determined beforehand, and stored for example on a data storage medium internal to the document of value 1, for example the RFID chip 5, or a data storage medium external to the document of value 1, by example the memory of the sorting machine or a remote server. The reference value (s) are determined in such a way as to obtain one or more thresholds of acceptability for re-circulation of the valuable documents. Depending on the result of the comparison made in step II, it is then decided, in a step III, the recirculation of the document of value 1 or its withdrawal.
Le document de valeur 1 et le ruban fibreux 2 peuvent comporter un même motif 6, par exemple un même élément imprimé ou un filigrane, de manière à ce qu'une comparaison entre les dégradations de l'un et de l'autre soit facilement reconnaissable. Ce motif peut être imprimé ou constitué par tout autre élément adapté. Le document 1 et le ruban 2 peuvent comporter des motifs différents mais présentant une caractéristique commune pouvant être comparée, par exemple une densité optique.  The valuable document 1 and the fibrous tape 2 may have the same pattern 6, for example the same printed element or a watermark, so that a comparison between the degradations of one and the other is easily recognizable. . This pattern can be printed or constituted by any other suitable element. The document 1 and the ribbon 2 may comprise different patterns but having a common characteristic that can be compared, for example an optical density.
Quelle que soit la manière dont le ruban est intégré au document, une zone de mesure 9a et une zone de référence 9b peuvent être présentes sur le document de valeur 1 , superposées au ruban 2, comme représenté sur la figure 5. La zone de mesure 9a et la zone de référence 9b peuvent permettre de contrôler l'état physique du document de valeur 1 par comparaison des résultats de mesures effectuées sur chaque zone 9a et 9b.  Whatever the manner in which the ribbon is integrated in the document, a measurement zone 9a and a reference zone 9b may be present on the document of value 1, superimposed on the ribbon 2, as represented in FIG. 9a and 9b of the reference area can be used to control the physical state of the document of value 1 by comparing the results of measurements made on each zone 9a and 9b.
Les figures 7 et 8 représentent des variantes de réalisation de rubans fibreux 2 pouvant être incorporés dans un document de valeur 1 pour la mise en œuvre du procédé selon l'invention.  Figures 7 and 8 show alternative embodiments of fibrous ribbons 2 may be incorporated in a valuable document 1 for implementing the method according to the invention.
Sur la figure 9, on a représenté un exemple d'ensemble 30 de coupures selon l'invention, comportant trois billets de banque la, lb et le de différentes valeurs monétaires.  FIG. 9 shows an example of a set of cuts according to the invention, comprising three bank notes 1a, 1b and 1c of different monetary values.
Avantageusement, les trois billets de banque la, lb et le comportent un même ruban fibreux 2 de couleur blanche, destiné à permettre l'évaluation de l'état physique des billets.  Advantageously, the three bank notes 1a, 1b and 1c comprise a same white fibrous ribbon 2, intended to allow the evaluation of the physical state of the notes.
L'utilisation d'un même ruban 2 pour les différentes coupures permet de disposer d'un indicateur universel du niveau de salissure et/ou d'usure des billets, indépendant des variations de couleur des substrats des billets, lesquels dépendent des valeurs monétaires des billets. Les différentes coupures peuvent ainsi avoir des substrats ayant des teintes différentes.  The use of the same ribbon 2 for the different cuts makes it possible to have a universal indicator of the level of soiling and / or wear of the notes, independent of the color variations of the substrates of the notes, which depend on the monetary values of the notes. tickets. The different cuts can thus have substrates having different hues.
L'expression « comportant un » est synonyme de « comportant au moins un », sauf si le contraire est spécifié.  The expression "comprising one" is synonymous with "having at least one", unless the opposite is specified.

Claims

REVENDICATIONS
1. Procédé de contrôle de l'état physique, notamment du niveau de salissure et/ou d'usure, d'un document de valeur (1) dans lequel est incorporé un ruban fibreux (2), le procédé comportant les étapes consistant à : A method for controlling the physical state, in particular the level of soiling and / or wear, of a valuable document (1) in which a fibrous tape (2) is incorporated, the method comprising the steps of :
- effectuer au moins une mesure de contrôle sur au moins une zone (9 ; 9a) du document (1) superposée au ruban fibreux (2),  performing at least one control measurement on at least one zone (9; 9a) of the document (1) superimposed on the fibrous tape (2),
- comparer le résultat de la mesure de contrôle à des données de référence, - compare the result of the control measure with reference data,
- conclure sur l'état physique du document de valeur (1) au moins en fonction du résultat de la comparaison. - conclude on the physical state of the document of value (1) at least according to the result of the comparison.
2. Procédé selon la revendication 1 , le ruban (2) comportant une couche magnétique (4) et la mesure de contrôle comportant une mesure magnétique du ruban (2).  2. Method according to claim 1, the ribbon (2) comprising a magnetic layer (4) and the control measure comprising a magnetic measurement of the ribbon (2).
3. Procédé selon l'une des revendications précédentes, le ruban (2) étant de couleur blanche.  3. Method according to one of the preceding claims, the ribbon (2) being white.
4. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, le ruban 4. Method according to any one of the preceding claims, the ribbon
(2) étant incorporé au substrat du document de valeur (1) de manière à venir à affleurement d'au moins une face du document de valeur (1), notamment étant incorporé en fenêtres. (2) being incorporated in the substrate of the document of value (1) so as to come flush with at least one face of the document of value (1), in particular being incorporated into windows.
5. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, le ruban fibreux (2) comportant un motif (6), notamment un motif imprimé et/ou un élément de reconnaissance.  5. Method according to any one of the preceding claims, the fibrous tape (2) having a pattern (6), in particular a printed pattern and / or a recognition element.
6. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, le document de valeur (1) et le ruban fibreux (2) comportant un même motif (6) notamment un motif imprimé et/ou un élément de reconnaissance.  6. Method according to any one of the preceding claims, the valuable document (1) and the fibrous tape (2) having the same pattern (6) in particular a printed pattern and / or a recognition element.
7. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, l'épaisseur du ruban (2) étant égale à l'épaisseur du document de valeur (2).  7. Method according to any one of the preceding claims, the thickness of the ribbon (2) being equal to the thickness of the document of value (2).
8. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, le document de valeur (1) et/ou le ruban (2) comportant un support de mémorisation de données (5) pour mémoriser les données de référence.  Method according to one of the preceding claims, the value document (1) and / or the ribbon (2) comprising a data storage medium (5) for storing the reference data.
9. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, la mesure de contrôle étant effectuée sur les deux faces du ruban (2).  9. Method according to any one of the preceding claims, the control measurement being performed on both sides of the ribbon (2).
10. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, le ruban (2) comportant un élément de sécurité (6 ; 8). 10. A method according to any one of the preceding claims, the ribbon (2) having a security element (6; 8).
1 1. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, le ruban (2) présentant dans le document de valeur (1) une épaisseur (e) comprise entre 10 et 150 μιη. 1. A method according to any one of the preceding claims, the ribbon (2) having in the document of value (1) a thickness (e) between 10 and 150 μιη.
12. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, la mesure de contrôle comportant une mesure de l'épaisseur du document de valeur (1) au niveau du ruban (2).  12. A method according to any one of the preceding claims, the control measure comprising a measurement of the thickness of the document of value (1) at the ribbon (2).
13. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, le ruban (2) étant réalisé dans un même matériau que le substrat (7) du document de valeur (1), notamment une même composition, en particulier fibreuse.  13. Method according to any one of the preceding claims, the ribbon (2) being made of the same material as the substrate (7) of the document of value (1), including the same composition, in particular fibrous.
14. Billet de banque (1), pour la mise en œuvre du procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 13, dans lequel est incorporé un ruban fibreux (2) de couleur blanche.  14. Banknote (1), for the implementation of the method according to any one of claims 1 to 13, wherein is incorporated a fibrous ribbon (2) of white color.
15. Billet selon la revendication 14, le ruban (2) venant à affleurement de la surface du billet de banque (1) par une seule de ses faces (2a, 2b).  15. Ticket according to claim 14, the ribbon (2) flush with the surface of the bill (1) by one of its faces (2a, 2b).
16. Ensemble (30) comportant au moins deux billets de banque (la, lb, le) correspondant à différentes coupures, caractérisé par le fait que des rubans fibreux (2) identiques, notamment de couleur blanche, sont incorporés dans ces billets (la, lb, le).  16. Assembly (30) comprising at least two bank notes (la, lb, le) corresponding to different cuts, characterized in that identical fibrous ribbons (2), in particular of white color, are incorporated in these banknotes (the , lb, le).
PCT/IB2012/053761 2011-07-28 2012-07-24 Method for checking the physical state of a document WO2013014611A1 (en)

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CN105354913B (en) * 2015-09-14 2018-07-17 深圳怡化电脑股份有限公司 A kind of method and device of detection bank note

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