WO2013013485A1 - 一种计算机素描画的生成方法和*** - Google Patents

一种计算机素描画的生成方法和*** Download PDF

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WO2013013485A1
WO2013013485A1 PCT/CN2011/084249 CN2011084249W WO2013013485A1 WO 2013013485 A1 WO2013013485 A1 WO 2013013485A1 CN 2011084249 W CN2011084249 W CN 2011084249W WO 2013013485 A1 WO2013013485 A1 WO 2013013485A1
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image
current pixel
grayscale
grayscale image
color map
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PCT/CN2011/084249
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English (en)
French (fr)
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李云夕
黄静
谢军波
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深圳市万兴软件有限公司
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    • G06COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06TIMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
    • G06T11/002D [Two Dimensional] image generation

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  • the present invention relates to image processing technologies, and in particular, to a method and system for generating computer sketches.
  • Sketch is a kind of image stylization.
  • the sketch in reality is a pencil-based medium, with lines to represent or the artistic form of the scene.
  • Sketch can be divided into line structure painting and fine realistic sketch.
  • Manually creating sketches requires the author to have a certain degree of artistic skills, so computer simulation of sketch painting has important application and entertainment value.
  • the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is that, in view of the above-mentioned existing sketch drawing generation technology, the defect that the sketch effect is not good and the manual interaction operation is required, and the method for generating the computer sketch drawing is provided, the sketch effect is good, and no manual interaction is needed. operating.
  • the technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve the technical problem thereof is to construct a computer sketch drawing generation method, which is characterized in that:
  • step S1 Receiving an image to be processed, and determining whether the image is a color map or a grayscale image, if it is a color map, step S2 is performed; if it is a gray scale image, step S3 is performed;
  • step S5 an N*N window including the current pixel point is opened, and the minimum gray level of all the pixel points in the N*N window is taken, and the minimum gray level is obtained.
  • N the gray value after the current pixel dot expansion processing
  • the mixing processing is one of the following: brightening mixing processing, difference mixing processing, positive film blending processing, bright light mixing processing, linear subtraction Light blending and color dodging.
  • the color map is converted into a grayscale image according to the following formula:
  • Y1 is the gray value of the current pixel of the grayscale image
  • R, G, and B are the color values of the red, green, and blue channels of the current pixel of the color map, respectively.
  • the color map is converted into a grayscale image according to the following formula:
  • Y2 is the gray value of the current pixel of the grayscale image
  • R, G, and B are the color values of the red, green, and blue channels of the current pixel of the color map, respectively.
  • the grayscale image is inverted by the following formula to obtain an inverted image:
  • Y3 is the gray value of the current pixel of the inverted view.
  • the invention also constructs a computer sketch drawing generation system, comprising:
  • a receiving and determining module configured to receive an image to be processed, and determine whether the image is a color map or a grayscale image
  • a grayscale generation module for converting a color map into a grayscale image
  • a background layer setting module configured to set the grayscale image as a background layer
  • An inverted image generation module configured to invert the grayscale image to obtain an inverted image
  • An expansion processing module configured to perform minimum grayscale expansion processing on the inverted image, and set the image after the expansion processing as a foreground layer;
  • a mixing processing module is configured to perform mixing processing on the foreground layer and the background layer to obtain a sketch image.
  • the mixing process is one of the following: brightening mixing processing, difference mixing processing, positive film mixing processing, bright light mixing processing, linear lightening mixing processing, color lightening Mixed processing.
  • the grayscale generating module converts the color map into a grayscale image according to the following formula:
  • Y1 is the gray value of the current pixel of the grayscale image
  • R, G, and B are the color values of the red, green, and blue channels of the current pixel of the color map, respectively.
  • the expansion processing performed by the expansion processing module is: opening an N*N window including a current pixel point, taking a minimum gray scale of all pixel points in the N*N window, and The minimum gradation is used as the gradation value after the current pixel is expanded, where N ⁇ 2.
  • the generation of the sketch image is completed based on the mathematical morphology, the generation process is simpler than the prior art, the implementation efficiency is higher, the sketch effect of the generated sketch image is good, and the whole generation process does not require manual Interaction.
  • FIG. 1 is a flow chart of an embodiment of a method for generating a computer sketch drawing of the present invention
  • Figure 2A is an image to be processed
  • FIG. 2B is a sketch image generated by the process of FIG. 2A using a computer sketch drawing generation method according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • Figure 3A is another image to be processed
  • FIG. 3B is a sketch image generated by the process of FIG. 3A using a computer sketch drawing generation method according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 4 is a logical structural diagram of an embodiment of a computer sketch drawing generation system of the present invention.
  • the generating method includes steps S1-S6, which are specifically described below.
  • step S1 the image to be processed is received, and it is determined whether the image is a color map or a grayscale image. If it is a color map, step S2 is performed; if it is a grayscale image, step S3 is performed.
  • step S2 the color map is converted into a grayscale image.
  • the color map can be converted to a grayscale image according to the following formula:
  • Y1 is the gray value of the current pixel of the grayscale image
  • R, G, and B are the color values of the red, green, and blue channels of the current pixel of the color map, respectively.
  • the image processing in this application is performed pixel by pixel.
  • the formula of the gray value of the current pixel point of the obtained grayscale image can be rewritten as:
  • step S3 the grayscale image is set as a background layer.
  • step S4 the grayscale image is inverted by the following formula to obtain an inverted image:
  • Y3 is the gray value of the current pixel of the inverted view.
  • the minimum gray scale expansion process is performed on the inverted image, and the image after the expansion process is set as the foreground layer.
  • This step can be implemented by: opening a current pixel point.
  • the N*N window takes the minimum gray level of all the pixels in the N*N window, and takes the minimum gray level as the gray value after the current pixel point is expanded, where N ⁇ 2, for example, the opened window If it is 3*3, and the current pixel is the center pixel, the gray value after the current pixel expansion process can be obtained by the following operation:
  • Y4(i, j) min( min(Y3(i-1, j-1), Y3(i, j-1), Y3(i+1, j-1)),
  • Y4(i, j) is the gray value after the current pixel expansion process
  • Y3(i, j) is the gray value of the current pixel of the inverted view, that is, the gray value before the current pixel expansion process
  • Y3(i-1, j-1), Y3(i, j-1), Y3( i+1, j-1), Y3 (i-1, j), Y3(i+1, j), Y3(i-1, j+1), Y3(i, j+1), Y3(i+1, j+1) are respectively associated with Y3(i, j)
  • the gray value of the nearest pixel Through the above operation, the minimum gray level of 9 pixels in the window is obtained.
  • step S6 the foreground layer and the background layer are mixed to obtain a sketch image
  • the mixing process may select any one of the following: brightening mixing processing, difference mixing processing, and multi-layer folding
  • the mixing process, the bright light mixing process, the linear dodge mixing process, and the color dodge mixing process are preferred, and a color dodge mixing process is preferred.
  • the color dodge blending operation can be calculated by the following program:
  • Y5 is the gray value of the current pixel on the mixed result image
  • Front is the gray value of the current pixel on the foreground layer
  • Back is the gray value of the current pixel on the background layer.
  • FIG. 2A is a to-be-processed image, which is a landscape image
  • FIG. 2B is a sketch image generated by the process of FIG. 2A using the above-described computer sketching generation method, and in the generation method, a linear subtraction is adopted.
  • Mixed processing. 3A is another image to be processed, the image is a person image
  • FIG. 3B is a sketch image generated by the process of FIG. 3A using the above-described computer sketch drawing generation method, and in the generation method, the color is lightened.
  • Mixed processing Comparing FIGS. 2A and 2B, and FIGS. 3A and 3B, it can be seen that the sketch effect of the generated sketch image is good, and the entire generation process does not require manual interaction.
  • the generation system includes: a receiving and determining module 11, a grayscale generating module 12, a background layer setting module 13, and an inverted image generating module 14, The expansion processing module 15 and the mixing processing module 16.
  • the receiving and determining module 11 is configured to receive the processed image, and determine whether the image is a color map or a grayscale image; the grayscale graph generating module 12 is configured to convert the color map into a grayscale image; the background layer setting module 13 is used to set the grayscale image as a background layer; the inverse image generation module 14 is configured to invert the grayscale image to obtain an inverted image; and the expansion processing module 15 is configured to minimize the inverted image
  • the value gray scale expansion process is performed, and the image after the expansion processing is set as the foreground layer; the mixing processing module 16 is configured to perform mixing processing on the foreground layer and the background layer to obtain a sketch image.
  • the mixing processing may be one of the following: brightening mixing processing, difference mixing processing, positive film mixing processing, bright light mixing processing, linear lightening mixing processing, color lightening A mixing process in which a color lightening mixing process is preferred.
  • the expansion processing is: opening an N*N window including the current pixel point, taking the minimum gray level of all the pixel points in the N*N window, and taking the minimum gray level.
  • N the gray value after the current pixel dot expansion processing
  • the color map is converted to a grayscale map according to the following formula:
  • Y1 is the gray value of the current pixel of the grayscale image
  • R, G, and B are the color values of the red, green, and blue channels of the current pixel of the color map, respectively.
  • the color map can also be converted to a grayscale map according to the following formula:
  • Y2 is the gray value of the current pixel of the grayscale image
  • R, G, and B are the color values of the red, green, and blue channels of the current pixel of the color map, respectively. This speeds up the computer's computing speed.

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Abstract

本发明公开了一种计算机素描画的生成方法及***,该方法包括:S1.接收待处理的图像,并判断所述图像是彩色图还是灰度图,若是彩色图,则执行步骤S2;若是灰度图,则执行步骤S3;S2.将彩色图转换为灰度图;S3.将所述灰度图设为背景图层;S4.对所述灰度图进行反相得到反相图;S5.对所述反相图进行最小值灰度膨胀处理,并将膨胀处理后的图像设为前景图层;S6.对所述前景图层和所述背景图层进行混合处理,以得到素描图像。实施本发明的技术方案,所生成的素描图像的素描效果好,且整个生成过程不需要人工交互操作。

Description

一种计算机素描画的生成方法和*** 技术领域
本发明涉及图像处理技术,尤其涉及一种计算机素描画的生成方法和***。
背景技术
素描是图像风格化的一种, 现实中的素描是以铅笔为媒介,用线条来表现或景物的艺术形式。素描可以分为线条结构画和精细写实素描两种。手工创作素描要求作者具有一定的美术功底,因此计算机模拟生成素描画具有重要的应用和娱乐价值。
目前在一些图像软件中,有素描画生成的功能, 如Photoshop的素描滤镜,但是用Photoshop自带的素描滤波操作生成的素描画的素描效果不好。还有一种方法是首先使用边缘检测算子提取图像的轮廓图,然后在滑动窗口内不断手工调整局部边缘检测参数,对轮廓进行修正,最后对生成的轮廓进行风格化线条渲染,得到最终的线条画。但这种素描画的生成方法需要加入人工的交互操作。
技术问题
本发明要解决的技术问题在于,针对上述现有素描画生成技术生成素描效果不好、需要人工交互操作的缺陷,提供一种计算机素描画的生成方法,素描效果好,且不需要人工的交互操作。
技术解决方案
本发明解决其技术问题所采用的技术方案是:构造一种计算机素描画的生成方法,其特征在于,包括:
S1.接收待处理的图像,并判断所述图像是彩色图还是灰度图,若是彩色图,则执行步骤S2;若是灰度图,则执行步骤S3;
S2.将彩色图转换为灰度图;
S3.将所述灰度图设为背景图层;
S4.对所述灰度图进行反相得到反相图;
S5.对所述反相图进行最小值灰度膨胀处理,并将膨胀处理后的图像设为前景图层;
S6.对所述前景图层和所述背景图层进行混合处理,以得到素描图像。
在本发明所述的生成方法中,在所述步骤S5中,开一个包含当前像素点的N*N窗口,取N*N窗口内所有像素点的最小值灰度,并将最小值灰度作为当前像素点膨胀处理后的灰度值,其中,N≥2。
在本发明所述的生成方法中,在所述步骤S6中,所述混合处理为下列中的一种:变亮混合处理、差值混合处理、正片叠底混合处理、亮光混合处理、线性减淡混合处理、颜色减淡混合处理。
在本发明所述的生成方法中,在所述步骤S2中,根据下面的公式将彩色图转换为灰度图:
Y1 = 0.299*R + 0.587*G + 0.114*B
其中,Y1为灰度图的当前像素点的灰度值,R、G、B分别为彩色图的当前像素点的红、绿、蓝通道的颜色值。
在本发明所述的生成方法中,在所述步骤S2中,根据下面的公式将彩色图转换为灰度图:
Y2= (R*306 + G*601 + B*117 + 512) *1024
其中,Y2为灰度图的当前像素点的灰度值,R、G、B分别为彩色图的当前像素点的红、绿、蓝通道的颜色值。
在本发明所述的生成方法中,在所述步骤S4中,通过下面的公式对所述灰度图进行反相得到反相图:
Y3 = 255–Y2
其中,Y3为反相图的当前像素点的灰度值。
本发明还构造一种计算机素描画的生成***,包括:
接收及判断模块,用于接收待处理的图像,并判断所述图像是彩色图还是灰度图;
灰度图生成模块,用于将彩色图转换为灰度图;
背景图层设置模块,用于将所述灰度图设为背景图层;
反相图生成模块,用于所述灰度图进行反相得到反相图;
膨胀处理模块,用于对所述反相图进行最小值灰度膨胀处理,并将膨胀处理后的图像设为前景图层;
混合处理模块,用于对所述前景图层和所述背景图层进行混合处理,以得到素描图像。
在本发明所述的生成***中,所述混合处理为下列中的一种:变亮混合处理、差值混合处理、正片叠底混合处理、亮光混合处理、线性减淡混合处理、颜色减淡混合处理。
在本发明所述的生成***中,所述灰度图生成模块根据下面的公式将彩色图转换为灰度图:
Y1 = 0.299*R + 0.587*G + 0.114*B
其中,Y1为灰度图的当前像素点的灰度值,R、G、B分别为彩色图的当前像素点的红、绿、蓝通道的颜色值。
在本发明所述的生成***中,所述膨胀处理模块所进行的膨胀处理为:开一个包含当前像素点的N*N窗口,取N*N窗口内所有像素点的最小值灰度,并将最小值灰度作为当前像素点膨胀处理后的灰度值,其中,N≥2。
有益效果
实施本发明的技术方案,基于数学形态学来完成素描图像的生成,相对于现有技术生成过程更加简单,实现效率更高,所生成的素描图像的素描效果好,且整个生成过程不需要人工交互操作。
附图说明
下面将结合附图及实施例对本发明作进一步说明,附图中:
图1是本发明计算机素描画的生成方法实施例的流程图;
图2A是一幅待处理图像;
图2B是使用本发明一个实施例的计算机素描画的生成方法对图2A处理所生成的素描图像;
图3A是另一幅待处理图像;
图3B是使用本发明一个实施例的计算机素描画的生成方法对图3A处理所生成的素描图像;
图4是本发明计算机素描画的生成***实施例的逻辑结构图。
本发明的实施方式
如图1所示,在本发明计算机素描画的生成方法实施例的流程图中,该生成方法包括步骤S1-S6,下面具体说明。
在步骤S1中,接收待处理的图像,并判断所述图像是彩色图还是灰度图,若是彩色图,则执行步骤S2;若是灰度图,则执行步骤S3。在步骤S2中,将彩色图转换为灰度图,在一个例子中,可根据下面的公式将彩色图转换为灰度图:
Y1 = 0.299*R + 0.587*G + 0.114*B
其中,Y1为灰度图的当前像素点的灰度值,R、G、B分别为彩色图的当前像素点的红、绿、蓝通道的颜色值。在此应当说明的是,本申请中的图像处理都是逐个像素进行的。优选地,为了实现在计算机上的快速运算,可将所得到的灰度图的当前像素点的灰度值的公式改写为:
Y2= (R*306 + G*601 + B*117 + 512) *1024
其中,Y2为灰度图的当前像素点的灰度值,R、G、B分别为彩色图的当前像素点的红、绿、蓝通道的颜色值。在步骤S3中,将所述灰度图设为背景图层。在步骤S4中,例如,通过下面的公式对所述灰度图进行反相得到反相图:
Y3 = 255–Y2
其中,Y3为反相图的当前像素点的灰度值。在所述步骤S5中,对所述反相图进行最小值灰度膨胀处理,并将膨胀处理后的图像设为前景图层,该步骤可通过下面方式来实现:开一个包含当前像素点的N*N窗口,取N*N窗口内所有像素点的最小值灰度,并将最小值灰度作为当前像素点膨胀处理后的灰度值,其中,N≥2,例如,所开的窗口为3*3,且当前像素点为中心像素点,则可通过下面的运算得出当前像素点膨胀处理后的灰度值:
Y4(i, j) = min( min(Y3(i-1, j-1), Y3(i, j-1), Y3(i+1, j-1)),
min(Y3(i-1, j), Y3(i, j), Y3(i+1, j)),
min(Y3(i-1, j+1), Y3(i, j+1), Y3(i+1, j+1)))
其中,Y4(i, j)为当前像素点膨胀处理后的灰度值,Y3(i, j)为反相图的当前像素点的灰度值,也即当前像素点膨胀处理前的灰度值,Y3(i-1, j-1)、Y3(i, j-1)、Y3(i+1, j-1)、Y3(i-1, j)、Y3(i+1, j)、Y3(i-1, j+1)、Y3(i, j+1)、Y3(i+1, j+1)分别为与Y3(i, j)最邻近的像素点的灰度值。通过上面的运算也就求得了窗口内9个像素点的最小值灰度。在步骤S6中,对所述前景图层和所述背景图层进行混合处理,以得到素描图像,该混合处理可选择下列中的任何一个:变亮混合处理、差值混合处理、正片叠底混合处理、亮光混合处理、线性减淡混合处理、颜色减淡混合处理,其中,优选颜色减淡混合处理。颜色减淡混合操作可通过下面程序来进行计算:
If(Front == 255)
{
Y5 = 255;
}
Else
{
Y5 = min(255, (Back * 256 ) / (255-Front));
}
其中,Y5为混合结果图像上当前像素点的灰度值,Front为上述前景图层上当前像素点的灰度值,Back为上述背景图层上当前像素点的灰度值。
图2A是一幅待处理图像,该图像为风景图像,图2B是使用上述的计算机素描画的生成方法对图2A处理所生成的素描图像,且在该生成方法中,采用的是线性减淡混合处理。图3A是另一幅待处理图像,该图像为人物图像,图3B是使用上述计算机素描画的生成方法对图3A处理所生成的素描图像,且在该生成方法中,采用的是颜色减淡混合处理。对比图2A和图2B,及图3A和图3B,可看出所生成的素描图像的素描效果好,且整个生成过程不需要人工交互操作。
图4是本发明计算机素描画的生成***实施例的逻辑结构图,该生成***包括:接收及判断模块11、灰度图生成模块12、背景图层设置模块13、反相图生成模块14、膨胀处理模块15和混合处理模块16。其中,接收及判断模块11用于收待处理的图像,并判断所述图像是彩色图还是灰度图;灰度图生成模块12用于将彩色图转换为灰度图;背景图层设置模块13用于将所述灰度图设为背景图层;反相图生成模块14用于所述灰度图进行反相得到反相图;膨胀处理模块15用于对所述反相图进行最小值灰度膨胀处理,并将膨胀处理后的图像设为前景图层;混合处理模块16用于对所述前景图层和所述背景图层进行混合处理,以得到素描图像。
在上述实施例的混合处理模块16中,混合处理可为下列中的一种:变亮混合处理、差值混合处理、正片叠底混合处理、亮光混合处理、线性减淡混合处理、颜色减淡混合处理,其中,优选颜色减淡混合处理。
在上述实施例的膨胀处理模块15中,其中的膨胀处理为:开一个包含当前像素点的N*N窗口,取N*N窗口内所有像素点的最小值灰度,并将最小值灰度作为当前像素点膨胀处理后的灰度值,其中,N≥2。
在一个实施例的灰度图生成模块12中, 根据下面的公式将彩色图转换为灰度图:
Y1 = 0.299*R + 0.587*G + 0.114*B
其中,Y1为灰度图的当前像素点的灰度值,R、G、B分别为彩色图的当前像素点的红、绿、蓝通道的颜色值。
在另一个实施例的灰度图生成模块12中, 还可根据下面的公式将彩色图转换为灰度图:
Y2= (R*306 + G*601 + B*117 + 512) *1024
其中,Y2为灰度图的当前像素点的灰度值,R、G、B分别为彩色图的当前像素点的红、绿、蓝通道的颜色值。这样可加快计算机的运算速度。
以上所述仅为本发明的优选实施例而已,并不用于限制本发明,对于本领域的技术人员来说,本发明可以有各种更改和变化。凡在本发明的精神和原则之内,所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等,均应包含在本发明的权利要求范围之内。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种计算机素描画的生成方法,其特征在于,包括:
    S1.接收待处理的图像,并判断所述图像是彩色图还是灰度图,若是彩色图,则执行步骤S2;若是灰度图,则执行步骤S3;
    S2.将彩色图转换为灰度图;
    S3.将所述灰度图设为背景图层;
    S4.对所述灰度图进行反相得到反相图;
    S5.对所述反相图进行最小值灰度膨胀处理,并将膨胀处理后的图像设为前景图层;
    S6.对所述前景图层和所述背景图层进行混合处理,以得到素描图像。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的生成方法,其特征在于,在所述步骤S5中,开一个包含当前像素点的N*N窗口,取N*N窗口内所有像素点的最小值灰度,并将最小值灰度作为当前像素点膨胀处理后的灰度值,其中,N≥2。
  3. 根据权利要求1或2所述的生成方法,其特征在于,在所述步骤S6中,所述混合处理为下列中的一种:变亮混合处理、差值混合处理、正片叠底混合处理、亮光混合处理、线性减淡混合处理、颜色减淡混合处理。
  4. 根据权利要求1或2所述的生成方法,其特征在于,在所述步骤S2中,根据下面的公式将彩色图转换为灰度图:
    Y1 = 0.299*R + 0.587*G + 0.114*B
    其中,Y1为灰度图的当前像素点的灰度值,R、G、B分别为彩色图的当前像素点的红、绿、蓝通道的颜色值。
  5. 根据权利要求1或2所述的生成方法,其特征在于,在所述步骤S2中,根据下面的公式将彩色图转换为灰度图:
    Y2= (R*306 + G*601 + B*117 + 512) *1024
    其中,Y2为灰度图的当前像素点的灰度值,R、G、B分别为彩色图的当前像素点的红、绿、蓝通道的颜色值。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的生成方法,其特征在于,在所述步骤S4中,通过下面的公式对所述灰度图进行反相得到反相图:
    Y3 = 255–Y2
    其中,Y3为反相图的当前像素点的灰度值。
  7. 一种计算机素描画的生成***,其特征在于,包括:
    接收及判断模块,用于接收待处理的图像,并判断所述图像是彩色图还是灰度图;
    灰度图生成模块,用于将彩色图转换为灰度图;
    背景图层设置模块,用于将所述灰度图设为背景图层;
    反相图生成模块,用于所述灰度图进行反相得到反相图;
    膨胀处理模块,用于对所述反相图进行最小值灰度膨胀处理,并将膨胀处理后的图像设为前景图层;
    混合处理模块,用于对所述前景图层和所述背景图层进行混合处理,以得到素描图像。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的生成***,其特征在于,所述混合处理为下列中的一种:变亮混合处理、差值混合处理、正片叠底混合处理、亮光混合处理、线性减淡混合处理、颜色减淡混合处理。
  9. 根据权利要求7所述的生成***,其特征在于,所述灰度图生成模块根据下面的公式将彩色图转换为灰度图:
    Y1 = 0.299*R + 0.587*G + 0.114*B
    其中,Y1为灰度图的当前像素点的灰度值,R、G、B分别为彩色图的当前像素点的红、绿、蓝通道的颜色值。
  10. 根据权利要求7-9任一项所述的生成***,其特征在于, 所述膨胀处理模块所进行的膨胀处理为:开一个包含当前像素点的N*N窗口,取N*N窗口内所有像素点的最小值灰度,并将最小值灰度作为当前像素点膨胀处理后的灰度值,其中,N≥2。
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