WO2013010925A2 - Module photovoltaïque et installation photovoltaïque - Google Patents

Module photovoltaïque et installation photovoltaïque Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2013010925A2
WO2013010925A2 PCT/EP2012/063740 EP2012063740W WO2013010925A2 WO 2013010925 A2 WO2013010925 A2 WO 2013010925A2 EP 2012063740 W EP2012063740 W EP 2012063740W WO 2013010925 A2 WO2013010925 A2 WO 2013010925A2
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
photovoltaic
module
string
panel
photovoltaic module
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2012/063740
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
WO2013010925A3 (fr
Inventor
Andreas Forck
Original Assignee
Kostal Industrie Elektrik Gmbh
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Kostal Industrie Elektrik Gmbh filed Critical Kostal Industrie Elektrik Gmbh
Publication of WO2013010925A2 publication Critical patent/WO2013010925A2/fr
Publication of WO2013010925A3 publication Critical patent/WO2013010925A3/fr

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
    • H01L31/02—Details
    • H01L31/02016—Circuit arrangements of general character for the devices
    • H01L31/02019—Circuit arrangements of general character for the devices for devices characterised by at least one potential jump barrier or surface barrier
    • H01L31/02021—Circuit arrangements of general character for the devices for devices characterised by at least one potential jump barrier or surface barrier for solar cells
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a photovoltaic module with several in series
  • each panel string is assigned at least one executed by the electronics as a MOS-FET controllable switch, by the respective panel string is electrically bridged, and wherein at least one executed by the electronics as a MOS-FET controllable switch is provided which connects a connection of the first panel string in the closed state with a module strand line.
  • the invention also relates to a photovoltaic system comprising a plurality of photovoltaic modules connected in series.
  • a photovoltaic system usually contains a plurality of photovoltaic modules of solar cells connected to one another in a manner known as panel strings, which are interconnected in series with module strings, also referred to as strings.
  • the module strings provide a DC voltage, which, usually after an adjustment of the voltage level by a
  • AC voltage is converted.
  • the AC voltage supplied by the inverter can be fed into the grid of an energy supplier.
  • a problem of any photovoltaic generator is that it is an almost ideal source of power as long as it is lit by the sun. This also means that further energy is generated in the event of fire or danger. To counter this problem, it is well known a
  • One way to bring a photovoltaic system in a safe state is the solar energy generated by the module strands in sunlight to disconnect the current-carrying
  • module cords alone involves the risk of arcs occurring.
  • Another disadvantage is that by separating the
  • Module string lines the photovoltaic modules themselves are not voltage-free and therefore can still have dangerous high voltages.
  • each photovoltaic module contains integrated electronics and each panel string of the photovoltaic module is assigned at least one controllable by an electronic switch through which the respective panel string is electrically bridged, and also at least one through the electronics controllable switch is provided which can interrupt the series connection of the photovoltaic modules within the module string.
  • the electronics can control the switches in such a way that, with the exception of one, all internal panel strings are bridged and connected to the module strings of the photovoltaic module. The only remaining unbridged panel string will be another one controllable switch from the series connection of the panel strings
  • Photovoltaic system only individual photovoltaic modules are completely shaded.
  • FIG. 1 shows circuit details of a photovoltaic module according to the invention
  • Figure 3 is a block diagram of a photovoltaic system.
  • FIG. 2 illustrates the functional principle described in the patent application DE 10 2010 052 009 on the basis of a schematic diagram of a
  • controllable switch results from the internally existing parasitic diodes in a rare occurring, but still to be considered situation the problem described below.
  • the electronics 5 receives its supply voltage from a voltage regulator 14 whose
  • Input voltage Ub comes from the designated with the reference numeral 12 panel string. It is now assumed that, for example, by a snow cover in winter, comes to a total shading of the illustrated in Figure 2 photovoltaic module 1 b, but at least one other photovoltaic module 1 a, 1 c of the same module strand 2 is unattenuated and continues to provide energy. When shadowing all panel strings 12, 12 'or at least the panel string 12, the electronics 5 of the considered
  • Photovoltaic module 1 b thus no longer supplied with a voltage. Therefore, it can not drive the MOS FETs 3, 4, 4 ', so that all the MOS FETs 3, 4, 4' are in the non-switched state.
  • the power dissipation P M F at each of the MOS FETs 4, 4 ' has a typical value of about 7 watts assuming a string current I S tri ng of 10 A.
  • a power loss of the order of 10 watts is still easily manageable by passive cooling measures on a photovoltaic module.
  • the power loss P v at the MOS-FETs 4, 4 'together reached in this example but a value of about Pv 3 * PMF s 21 watts.
  • the value can be even greater if, in a photovoltaic module 1b, more than the panel strings 12, 12 'shown here by way of example are interconnected.
  • the together at all parasitic diodes Dp occurring power loss P v can destroy the respective
  • Photovoltaic module 1 b lead.
  • This object is achieved in terms of a photovoltaic module in that the series connection of the panel strings is a diode in parallel, and that the supply voltage is supplied via a DC-DC converter to the electronics.
  • the object is achieved in that photovoltaic modules are used with the aforementioned features.
  • the invention provided on a photovoltaic module 1 b diode D is outlined in Figure 1.
  • the parallel to the series connection of the panel strings 12, 12 'connected diode D has the function to ensure the power supply of the electronics in the case of a total shading of the photovoltaic module 1 b and the panel string 12.
  • a particular advantage of this diode D is that it causes only a small cost and does not interfere with normal operation, since their voltage in the reverse direction is applied to the diode D in illuminated and thus voltage-generating panel strings 12, 12 '.
  • FIG. 1 The structure according to the invention shown in FIG. 1
  • Photovoltaic module 1 b has an integrated electronics 5 for controlling a plurality of MOS FETs 3, 4, 4 'executed controllable switch.
  • the internal structure of the electronics 5 shown here only as a circuit block can either be limited to an arrangement of a few semiconductor switches or have an "intelligence" in the form of a simple microcontroller.
  • the photovoltaic module 1 b has at least one and preferably a plurality of so-called panel strings 12, 12 ', which in each case consist of a series connection of a plurality of solar cells, not shown here.
  • the panel strings 12, 12 ' are shown in simplified form here in each case by the circuit symbol of an electrical power source.
  • a first panel string 12 in this case two influenced by the electronics 5 MOS FETs 3, 4 are assigned. With the other panel strings 12 'is in each case a MOS-FET 4' is connected, which bridges the associated panel string 12 'in the connected state and thus short-circuits.
  • the first panel string 12 is connected to the input of a DC-DC converter 10 and provides this an input voltage Ub available.
  • the output voltage of the DC-DC converter 10 is used to power the electronics 5.
  • the voltage and power requirements of the electronics 5 is dimensioned so that even with a low illumination of the
  • Panel string 12 delivered voltage Ub so far that it is sufficient to power the electronics 5. Only with a (almost) complete shading of the photovoltaic module 1 b, the output from the panel strings 1 2 Ub voltage is no longer sufficient for the operation of the DC-DC converter 10 and thus to supply the electronics 5.
  • the electronics 5 controls the trouble-free normal operation of the
  • the electronics 5 controls the MOS FETs 4 and 4 'in the closed state and the MOS FET 3 in the open state.
  • the panel string 12 is the only one not short-circuited but continues to supply the voltage Ub to power the electronics 5.
  • the voltage generated by the panel string 12 Ub is thereby by the non-connected MOS FETs 3 of the
  • Module string lines 8a, 8b taken. It can also be seen that the MOSFETs 4 and 4 ', which are all switched through, are a direct conducting one
  • Module strand line 8a, 8b produce, so that photovoltaic module 1 b is voltage-free to the outside.
  • a critical situation described can occur if at least one of the further photovoltaic modules 1 a, 1 c still in the same module string 2 still supplies electrical energy and a current Istring through the parasitic diodes Dp of the MOS FETs 4, 4 'of the photovoltaic module 1 b drives.
  • Module string 8b applied potential higher than that at the
  • the forward voltage UDP of the parasitic diodes Dp is assumed to be about 0.7 V in each case. In order to obtain the highest possible value for Ub, it is expedient according to the aforementioned equation to use a diode D with the lowest possible forward voltage U D. It is particularly advantageous to design the diode D as a Schottky diode which has a particularly low forward voltage (U D ⁇ 0.3 V). One thus receives one
  • Voltage Ub of about 1, 1 V which can be set by the DC-DC converter 10 easily to the required for the operation of the electronics 5 voltage of, for example, 5 V, especially for the operation of the
  • Electronics 5 and the control of the MOS FETs 3, 4, 4 ' is applied only a relatively small electrical power.
  • the electronics 5 can thus protect the photovoltaic module 1 b from excessive power dissipation, which is connected to the parasitic diodes Dp of the non-controlled MOS-FETs 4, 4 'would fall off.
  • FIG. 3 shows a block diagram showing the construction
  • the photovoltaic modules 1 a, 1 b, 1 c have the structure outlined in FIG.
  • the photovoltaic system has several module strands 2, each consisting of several, here by way of example three, connected in series photovoltaic modules 1 a, 1 b, 1 c, which are connected via module bus lines 8, 8a, 8b connected in series.
  • the module string leads 8 leading away from the module strand 2 are combined in a junction box 6 and connected to a main connection line 9, which is led to the input terminal of a central inverter 7.
  • the central inverter 7 has the function of the
  • Photovoltaic modules 1 a, 1 b, l e generated in a DC voltage
  • AC switch cabinet 1 which couples the electrical energy generated in a voltage network.
  • AC switchgear 1 1 can also be a unit
  • Dp parasitic diode (s) (the MOS FET)

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Condensed Matter Physics & Semiconductors (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
  • Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Photovoltaic Devices (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne un module photovoltaïque présentant plusieurs chaînes de panneaux connectées en série et des lignes de trains de modules pour faire sortir de l'énergie électrique du module photovoltaïque, au moins une première chaîne de panneaux produisant la tension d'alimentation destinée à une électronique intégrée au module photovoltaïque, à chaque chaîne de panneaux étant associé au moins un commutateur réalisé en tant que MOS-FET et commandable par l'électronique, commutateur par lequel la chaîne de panneaux respective peut être court-circuitée électriquement, et au moins un commutateur réalisé en tant que MOS-FET et commandable par l'électronique servant, en circuit fermé, à relier une borne de la première chaîne de panneaux à une ligne de trains de modules, une diode étant connecté en parallèle du montage série des chaînes de panneaux, et la tension d'alimentation alimentant l'électronique par l'intermédiaire d'un convertisseur de tension continue. La présente invention concerne également une installation photovoltaïque qui présente de tels modules photovoltaïques. La diode empêche l'apparition de pertes de puissance élevées au niveau des diodes parasites des MOS-FET lorsque l'intégralité d'un module photovoltaïque se trouve à l'ombre.
PCT/EP2012/063740 2011-07-15 2012-07-12 Module photovoltaïque et installation photovoltaïque WO2013010925A2 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102011107297.0 2011-07-15
DE201110107297 DE102011107297A1 (de) 2011-07-15 2011-07-15 Photovoltaikmodul und Photovoltaikanlage

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2013010925A2 true WO2013010925A2 (fr) 2013-01-24
WO2013010925A3 WO2013010925A3 (fr) 2013-12-12

Family

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/EP2012/063740 WO2013010925A2 (fr) 2011-07-15 2012-07-12 Module photovoltaïque et installation photovoltaïque

Country Status (2)

Country Link
DE (1) DE102011107297A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2013010925A2 (fr)

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN109546960A (zh) * 2017-09-22 2019-03-29 阿特斯阳光电力集团有限公司 多组件级快速关断装置及光伏***

Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102010052009A1 (de) 2010-11-19 2012-05-24 Kostal Industrie Elektrik Gmbh Photovoltaikanlage und Photovoltaikmodul

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102005036153B4 (de) * 2005-05-24 2007-03-22 Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. Schutzschalteinrichtung für ein Solarmodul
WO2009073868A1 (fr) * 2007-12-05 2009-06-11 Solaredge, Ltd. Mécanismes de sécurité, procédés d'éveil et d'arrêt dans des installations de puissance réparties
DE102008052037B3 (de) * 2008-10-16 2010-04-08 Moeller Gmbh Solarmodul
ES2558341T3 (es) * 2009-08-26 2016-02-03 Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. Circuito de derivación y protección para un módulo solar y procedimiento para el control de un módulo solar
DE102009044695A1 (de) * 2009-11-27 2011-06-01 Müller, Ingo, Dr. Solarmodul, Modulschalter, Solarkabel, Sammelschiene, Mehrfachkontakt-Steckverbinder

Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102010052009A1 (de) 2010-11-19 2012-05-24 Kostal Industrie Elektrik Gmbh Photovoltaikanlage und Photovoltaikmodul

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Publication number Publication date
DE102011107297A1 (de) 2013-01-17
WO2013010925A3 (fr) 2013-12-12

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