WO2013007174A1 - 立体生态除臭除磷脱氮方法及装置和应用 - Google Patents

立体生态除臭除磷脱氮方法及装置和应用 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2013007174A1
WO2013007174A1 PCT/CN2012/078321 CN2012078321W WO2013007174A1 WO 2013007174 A1 WO2013007174 A1 WO 2013007174A1 CN 2012078321 W CN2012078321 W CN 2012078321W WO 2013007174 A1 WO2013007174 A1 WO 2013007174A1
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Prior art keywords
odor
sewage
tank
plant
water
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PCT/CN2012/078321
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
刘娟
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深圳地大水务工程有限公司
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F3/32—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the animals or plants used, e.g. algae
    • C02F3/327—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the animals or plants used, e.g. algae characterised by animals and plants
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2303/00—Specific treatment goals
    • C02F2303/02—Odour removal or prevention of malodour
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W10/00—Technologies for wastewater treatment
    • Y02W10/10—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of wastewater treatment, in particular to a three-dimensional ecological purification method for deodorizing, dephosphorizing and denitrifying waste water, and a device designed by the method in the upgrading and reforming process of a sewage plant, especially in urban sewage and food industry wastewater. Wastewater treatment of organic pollutants. Background technique
  • the main pollutant components in odor include sulfur compounds (such as hydrogen sulfide, mercaptans, thioethers and thiophenes), nitrogenous compounds (such as ammonia, amines, amides, hydrazines, etc.), hydrocarbons.
  • sulfur compounds such as hydrogen sulfide, mercaptans, thioethers and thiophenes
  • nitrogenous compounds such as ammonia, amines, amides, hydrazines, etc.
  • hydrocarbons hydrocarbons.
  • Compounds such as alkanes, alkenes, alkynes, aromatic hydrocarbons, etc.
  • oxygenated organics such as alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, phenols, organic acids, etc.
  • the places with large odor values are mainly the sewage pre-treatment part (grid well, lift pump house collection tank, grit chamber) and sludge treatment part (slurry tank, dehydration room, etc.). It is the focus of deodorization: The aeration tank has a low load, and the traditional sewage treatment does not consider deodorization measures.
  • the deodorization method is gradually developed from the initial washing method to the better effect: the biological deodorization method.
  • Common methods include water washing and chemical cleaning, activated carbon adsorption, ozone oxidation, soil deodorization, combustion, and filled microbe deodorization.
  • Water cleaning is the use of certain substances in the odor to dissolve in water, so that the ammonia, hydrogen sulfide gas and water in the odor are contacted and dissolved to achieve the purpose of deodorization.
  • the liquid cleaning is the use of certain substances and liquids in the odor to produce a neutralization reaction.
  • alkaline sodium caustic soda and sodium hypochlorite solution are used to remove acidic substances such as hydrogen sulfide in the odor
  • acidic solutions such as hydrochloric acid are used.
  • removes alkaline substances such as ammonia in the odor.
  • activated carbon adsorption method it must be equipped with more auxiliary facilities, such as liquid storage device, liquid medicine delivery device, discharge device, etc.
  • the operation management is more complicated, and the odor that does not react with the chemical liquid is difficult to remove, and the efficiency is low. .
  • Activated carbon adsorption method is the use of activated carbon to adsorb the odorous substances in the odor, to achieve the purpose of deodorization.
  • activated carbon of various properties is used, activated carbon for adsorbing acidic substances is disposed in the adsorption tower, activated carbon adsorbing alkaline substances and activated carbon adsorbing neutral substances, and the odor and various activated carbons are contacted and discharged. tower.
  • this method has higher efficiency, but the activated carbon has a saturation period. After this period, the activated carbon must be replaced. This method is often used for post-treatment of low concentration odors and deodorization.
  • Ozone oxidation method is to use ozone strong oxidant to oxidize the chemical components in the odor to achieve the purpose of deodorization.
  • the ozone oxidation method has a gas phase and a liquid phase. Since the chemical reaction of ozone is slow, the majority of the odorous substance is removed by the liquid cleaning method, and then ozone oxidation is performed.
  • the soil deodorization method is to use the microorganisms in the soil to decompose the chemical components in the odor to achieve the purpose of deodorization. It belongs to the category of biological deodorization. Compared with the previous methods, there is no need for additional facilities such as dosing, and the operation and management costs are lower, but a wide site is required, the site is regularly trimmed, and a water dispersing device is installed to maintain a good operating state, and the treatment effect is insufficient. Stable, overall low efficiency.
  • the microbial deodorization method has been widely used in sewage treatment facilities, and its operation cost is low, and the deodorization effect is good.
  • the process of the packed microbial deodorization process is shown in Fig. 12, and the activated carbon adsorption tower can be selected as needed.
  • the combustion method has a direct combustion method and a coal combustion method. According to the characteristics of odor, when the temperature reaches 648 °C and the contact time is above 0.3 s, the odor will burn directly to achieve the purpose of deodorization.
  • the current treatment method is generally to seal the waste (sewage) water treatment facilities by capping, etc., and then to stink the waste (sewage) water treatment facilities. After the gas is taken out by the fan, it is concentrated and purified.
  • Treatment method biological deodorization method (biofilter, biological washing method, activated sludge method, etc.).
  • the choice of treatment process is determined by the object to be treated, the ability to operate and maintain, the amount of odor, the composition and strength of the odor pollutants.
  • the odor treatment methods of domestic sewage treatment plants vary greatly in different regions.
  • the odor generated by sewage treatment facilities is generally not treated, relying only on the absorption, barrier and attenuation of the greening plants.
  • established sewage treatment facilities generally only collect bio-decontamination treatments for odor-tight processes generated by odorous processes (such as grille and sludge dewatering machine rooms), but biochemical aeration.
  • the pool is generally completely open, and the odor pollution of sewage treatment facilities has become a hot spot for environmental protection complaints of residents in the project site; new construction and renovation and expansion of sewage treatment facilities are currently taking sealing measures, and the odors of each treatment unit are extracted and concentrated for biological purification treatment; In response to complaint hot spots, some cities use chemical washing as an emergency treatment. Odor complaints have become the biggest obstacle to the construction and site selection of sewage treatment plants.
  • the biological deodorization method used in the odor treatment of domestic sewage treatment plants or the chemical deodorization method used in emergency treatment is an independent and large processing system, which not only has one-time investment and large project area, but also has high operating cost. Moreover, it is difficult to operate and maintain.
  • the deodorization system does not help to improve the quality of the effluent water and the landscape effect of the system, which seriously affects the enthusiasm of the sewage treatment plant to build a deodorization system. Therefore, the market is looking forward to the ecological treatment technology that does not occupy the land for construction, zero operating cost, and can deodorize and remove phosphorus and purify water. At present, there are several ecological treatment methods for wastewater in China.
  • the Chinese invention patent (CN200510060674. 1) discloses a method and system for floating complex plant belt in situ ecological restoration of water body. It is to spread two or more layers of non-woven fabric on the land in a cultivation tank, supplemented by stretching and tensile cords to form a cultivation carrier, and select plant seeds capable of absorbing pollutants to be spread on the non-woven layer. Formulated commercial nutrient solution or other waste water or sewage containing various nutrients for soilless cultivation. Plant roots form a composite plant belt through the cultivation carrier and the cultivation carrier, and move to the contaminated water body. The floating composite plant belt absorbs the pollutants in the water body.
  • the floating composite plant belt As a nutrient required for growth and growing, the floating composite plant belt is dragged to the land at harvest or due to climatic reasons, the stems, leaves and roots of the harvested plants are utilized and the cultivation carrier is reused, and the original is continued. Bit, ecological restoration.
  • the above method has the following disadvantages:
  • the plant needs to be cultivated in the cultivation tank;
  • the Chinese invention patent (CN200710160264. 3) discloses a bio-ecological composite sewage treatment tank comprising a plurality of sequentially arranged filtration units, each of which comprises three sides from an upstream retaining dam (1) and one side by a downstream retaining dam (2)
  • the invention fully absorbs and degrades organic pollutants in sewage through the root system of aquatic plants, and at the same time, uses bio-fillers to provide carriers for microbial growth and growth in the bio-ecological system, and fully reacts organic pollutants in the sewage with them.
  • bio-ecological complexation effectively removes nitrogen and phosphorus from wastewater. It has the following deficiencies:
  • Plant roots are all grown in artificial fillers
  • the Chinese invention patent (CN200810071372. 8) also discloses a sewage-plant resource regenerative irrigation system based on short-term rotation of fast-growing forests.
  • the sewage inlet pipe, the intercepting pool, the sewage pipe, the sewage pump, the front tank and the sewage outlet pipe are provided; the sewage inlet pipe is connected with the intercepting pool, and the intercepting pool is connected with the front tank through the sewage pipe, and the sewage pump is arranged at On the pipeline of the sewage pipe, the front tank is connected with the sewage outlet pipe.
  • Wide range of sewage sources such as small towns, scenic spots, living quarters and agricultural and sideline products processing industry wastewater can be used.
  • the equipment is simple, the cost is low, the sewage treatment volume is large, and the structure of the equipment can be arbitrarily changed according to the scale of the forest land and the terrain environment.
  • the scope of application is wide, the operation management is simple, the cost is low, the district irrigation can be divided, the irrigation period and the irrigation time And the amount of irrigation can meet the requirements of different tree species. But still has the following deficiencies:
  • the plant ditch is not aerated
  • Plant roots are all grown in the soil
  • the system is prone to blockage and needs to be disposed of regularly.
  • the Chinese invention patent (CN200810219798. 3) discloses an energy-efficient sewage treatment method and device thereof, which uses a fluidized pool and an ecological pool integrated sewage treatment method, and the ecological pool mainly consists of a water inlet tank, a culture pond, and a a pool and a circulating water channel, the culture pond can culture a rapidly growing floating water plant and can culture a suitable amount of animal as a biological control or biological transfer, and the fluidized pool is mainly composed of a water inlet tank, a reaction tank and a water outlet, in the reaction
  • the large surface area and high adsorption suspended filler are used in the pool, so that the microorganisms adhering to the fluidized filler can adsorb the pollutants in the water and simultaneously obtain sufficient dissolved oxygen for aerobic metabolism; the invention combines the biological filter and the submerged type.
  • the advantages of the biological filter form a sewage treatment technology combining the fluidization tank and the ecological pool, which can reduce the engineering investment and processing cost, and can improve the treatment
  • the plant roots are all suspended and grown in sewage
  • the object of the present invention is to overcome the deficiencies and needs of the prior art deodorization technology, and to provide a three-dimensional ecological purification method and device for deodorizing, dephosphorizing and denitrifying waste water in a sewage treatment system, in the process of upgrading and reforming a sewage plant, It can not occupy the land for construction, zero operating cost, and can deodorize and purify water.
  • the invention firstly provides a method for three-dimensional ecological deodorization, dephosphorization and denitrification, which is characterized in that in a sewage treatment system, a plurality of groups of aquatic plants are suspended in a reaction tank, and when the application system performs purification treatment and the odor overflows, the method passes.
  • the branches and leaves of aquatic plants form an isolated purification layer that can adsorb odor and prevent odor from spreading outward.
  • the root system of aquatic plants in the sewage and the filler for supporting the rhizome adsorb, degrade and adsorb odor, thereby realizing wastewater. Deodorization, phosphorus removal and denitrification treatment.
  • a filler for supporting the rhizome and adsorbing, degrading, and adsorbing the odor is further provided.
  • the filler for supporting the rhizome and capable of adsorbing, degrading microorganisms, and adsorbing odor is made of activated carbon or ceramsite, preferably a photocatalyst composite new carbon material.
  • the aquatic plant adopts a water-producing plant with developed rhizomes and a phosphorus and nitrogen removal effect.
  • the water-repellent plants are Aloe rugulosa, Amaranthus, Sea bream, Calla lily, Canna, Monstera, Strelitzia, Schefflera, Nasturtium, Arachnid, Acacia, Aphid, Hosta, swamp sedge and water iris.
  • the method of the invention can specifically separate the sewage treatment system into three working areas of the upper layer, the middle layer and the lower layer, respectively, and suspend the plurality of sets of aquatic plants in the reaction tank body by using the height of the effective volume surface of the reaction tank of the standard design, wherein the layer The branches and leaves of aquatic plants constitute an isolating and purifying layer capable of adsorbing odor, the upper layer is provided with a sealing layer which can prevent the odor generated during the treatment from spreading outward, and the lower layer forms an ecological filler with the rhizome system of the aquatic plants placed in the pool to form a sewage treatment layer.
  • the root canal system of the plant and the filler for supporting the rhizome together form a sewage treatment layer, or the root canal system of the plant, the filler for supporting the rhizome and the artificial water grass together form a sewage treatment layer for adsorption and degradation;
  • the odor is adsorbed, and the deodorizing, dephosphorizing and denitrifying treatment process of the wastewater is completed.
  • the method of the invention also provides an exhaust system in the greenhouse, and sends the excess odor which cannot be completely purified by the plant to the aeration tank, so that it further completes the decomposition of the organism during the aerobic process.
  • the invention further provides a three-dimensional ecological deodorization phosphorus removal and denitrification device, comprising at least one reaction cell, in each reaction cell In the middle, there are fillers and a plurality of sets of aquatic plants which can be used for deodorizing and supporting the rhizome, and each group of aquatic plants is suspended in the water surface of each reaction pool by the support of the planting area.
  • the filler supporting the rhizome is placed in a filler holder provided on the support of the planting area, and the groups of aquatic plants are inserted into the filler supporting the rhizome.
  • the artificial water grass filler is also disposed in the water in the reaction tank, and is fixed by an artificial water grass fixing bracket provided in the reaction tank.
  • Each of the reaction cells is covered with a temperature-proof shed to form a greenhouse.
  • An exhaust fan is disposed in the greenhouse, and is connected to a blower room disposed outside the temperature chamber through a draft pipe.
  • the blower room is provided with a blower, and the air outlet of the blower communicates with the aeration tank through an aeration pipe.
  • the invention also provides the application of the three-dimensional ecological deodorization phosphorus removal and denitrification method and device in the SBR process, the ⁇ /0 process, the ⁇ 70 process, the ⁇ process, the oxidation ditch process, the MBR process and the MUCT process.
  • the three-dimensional ecological process English full name Three-dimens iona l eco log ica l techno logy (referred to as TET) the present invention uses the three-dimensional ecological deodorization and removal method to upgrade the sewage treatment plant of various processes, is the original sewage The treatment system is mainly treated, and the plant purification organic matter is supplemented with an original low-cost treatment method.
  • the sewage treatment plant modified by the process of the invention has a nitrogen removal and phosphorus removal efficiency of 5%-15% higher than that before the transformation, and the removal rate of C0D, BOD and the like is also improved.
  • the contact between the sewage and the plant roots is intermittent.
  • the plant roots are all immersed in the sewage for a period of time, and most of the time is exposed to the air, so that the sewage can be accelerated. Re-oxygenation in the environment.
  • the invention can treat the organic waste (soil) water in situ, including the odor generated during the treatment of the high-concentration organic wastewater, does not need a separate floor space, and completely eliminates the chemical oxidant or the additional nutrients required for the biological growth.
  • the investment will greatly reduce the engineering investment and operating expenses.
  • the engineering investment should be 1/10-1 /20 of the traditional biological deodorization method, the running cost is zero running cost, and it can adapt to the fluctuation of odor intensity.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic structural view of a device of the present invention
  • Figure 3 is a schematic view showing the structure of a plant growing area in the apparatus of the present invention.
  • Figure 4 is a block diagram of the SBR process
  • Figure 5 is a block diagram of the A/0 process
  • Figure 6 is a block diagram of the A70 process
  • Figure 7 is a block diagram of the AB process
  • Figure 8 is a block diagram of the oxidation ditch process
  • FIG. 9 is a block diagram of the MBR process
  • Figure 10 is a block diagram of the MUCT process
  • FIG. 11 is a block diagram of a process for upgrading and upgrading an SBR process of the present invention.
  • FIG. 12 is a process flow diagram of a filling type: biodeodorization method in the prior art.
  • the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the drawings and embodiments. It is understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
  • the invention firstly provides a three-dimensional ecological deodorization phosphorus removal and denitrification method for upgrading a new urban sewage plant and a municipal sewage plant, which is to suspend a plurality of groups of aquatic plants in a sewage treatment reaction tank in a sewage treatment system.
  • the denitrification and dephosphorization purification treatment of the sewage is carried out by using the reaction tank, and the large root system of the aquatic plant is used as the ecological filler, and the supporting rhizome packing disposed in the pool adsorbs and degrades the microorganisms in the wastewater and the odor generated during the system treatment.
  • a barrier layer capable of adsorbing odor and preventing the odor from diffusing outward is formed by the foliage of the aquatic plants, thereby realizing the denitrification, dephosphorization and deodorization treatment of the wastewater.
  • the present invention applies a three-dimensional ecological deodorization, phosphorus removal and denitrification method to the sewage
  • the corresponding reaction tank of the sewage treatment system is divided into three working areas: upper layer, middle layer and lower layer, which are separately purified.
  • the middle layer uses the protection height of various pool bodies designed by the national standard (the height on the effective volume surface).
  • the branches and leaves of the aquatic plants constitute an isolating and purifying layer capable of adsorbing odor, thereby reducing the diffusion of odor;
  • the relatively sealed greenhouse forms a sealing layer.
  • the invention is further provided with a drafting device in the greenhouse, which can extract the excess odor which cannot be completely purified by the plant and send it to the aeration tank in the pool body, so that it can continue to be decomposed by the biological process in the aerobic process to reach The purpose of completely purifying the odor.
  • the invention can also use the filler supporting the rhizome as a carrier-like soil of the plant, so that the roots of the aquatic plant are fixed in the sewage, and the odor at the same time contacts the microorganisms on the filler supporting the rhizome, further adsorbing and decomposing the odor, And purify the wastewater.
  • the filler supporting the rhizome may be activated by using activated carbon or ceramsite, or may be other fillers.
  • the filler supporting the rhizome of the present invention is preferably a photocatalyst composite new carbon material.
  • the photocatalyst composite new carbon materials are brown red, white and black, and are compounded by carbon, clay, photocatalyst and high temperature bonding agent.
  • the weight of the product is adjusted to 0. 6-2. 7g/cm3,
  • the specific surface area can be up to about 1. 2 X 104 cm2 /g.
  • the glass phase and crystal of the pore wall are interwoven to form a triple structure with high mechanical strength.
  • the internal micropores are highly developed and have a gradient distribution, and have good adsorption and desorption properties.
  • photocatalyst composite new carbon material greatly improves the adsorption of contaminated particulate matter, improves adsorption efficiency and saturation capacity, and its adsorption efficiency is 2-4 times that of ordinary activated carbon, and overcomes the use of activated carbon to produce powder and black.
  • the photocatalyst composite new carbon material has a specific surface area of about 1. 2 x 104 cm 2 /g, and the internal through micropores are in a gradient distribution, and the material is ultra-light, and the physical and chemical properties are stable.
  • the order of the effects of nitrogen removal in summer plants with high temperature is: Fengyanlian, Shuilianlian, leeches, duckweed, eucalyptus, and purple Water screen; in the winter when the temperature is low, it is water scorpion, water hyacinth, duckweed, water lotus, purple peony, eucalyptus, water sieve.
  • the planted aquatic plants have structures and characteristics suitable for survival under anoxic conditions, including stem enlargement, large tissues at the center of stems and roots, hollow stems, and deep roots.
  • This special structure of plants facilitates the transport of oxygen in the body and can be transmitted to the root zone, which not only satisfies the respiration of plants in the anoxic environment, but also promotes the redox reaction of the root zone and the activity of aerobic microorganisms. , release clean air to remove odor.
  • the oxygen produced by photosynthesis is transferred to the root zone, and an oxidized microenvironment is formed in the reduced medium of the root zone.
  • the coexistence of the aerobic zone and the anoxic zone in the root zone is the aerobic, facultative, and anaerobic of the root zone.
  • Oxygen microbes provide their own niches so that different microbes can perform their respective roles.
  • the release of oxygen at the roots of plants depends primarily on the concentration of oxygen in the plant, the oxygen demand of the surrounding substrate, and the permeability of the plant root wall.
  • the release of oxygen from the roots by absorption by plants is determined by its own structure, the structure of the plant prevents its leakage in the radial direction, and efforts are made to minimize the loss of oxygen released into the root zone.
  • the rate of oxygen release is generally highest in the sub-apical region of the root and decreases with increasing root tip.
  • Aquatic plants have convective aerated tissue with high internal oxygen concentrations in the root zone and roots. This convective gas flow significantly increases the length of available oxygen radicals and can also be reduced by oxidation and detoxification. Some potentially harmful substances in the roots.
  • the aquatic plants of the present invention are preferably Aloe rugulosa, Amaranthus, Sea bream, Calla lily, Canna, Monstera, Strelitzia, Schefflera, Nasturtium, Arachnid, Long-leaved thorn, Dragonfly, hosta, swamp sedge, water More than 100 kinds of water plants such as calamus.
  • an artificial water grass filler is further disposed in the water in the reaction tank, and the preferred invention patent application number of the present invention is
  • the artificial aquatic grass biological carrier of 2009101078534 is used as artificial water grass filler.
  • the ecological filler and artificial water grass can be formed from the root system of the plant to form a sewage treatment layer, and the nitrogen, phosphorus, phosphorus and deodorization treatment of the wastewater can be completed.
  • the upgrade of the sewage treatment plant is to meet the higher requirements of nitrogen and phosphorus for the new emission standards.
  • the standard grade used for the upgrade is Grade A or Grade B.
  • the invention replaces the original process flow and the total hydraulic retention time without changing any building, and replaces the bionic water grass filler with the ultra-high specific surface area in the anoxic section and the aerobic section and forms the ecology by the rhizome system of the plant.
  • the dissolved oxygen level reduces the oxygen supply and reduces the energy consumption, thereby improving the upgrading process of the entire sewage treatment plant.
  • the imitation water-based biological carrier commonly known as artificial water grass
  • the imitation water-based biological carrier is a new multi-component meltblown fiber process successfully developed by the HILLS laboratory in West Melbourne, Florida. It has multiple structures and the center layer is activated carbon fiber/polyurethane composite.
  • the material has a void ratio of 90%, a pore structure characteristic with a combination of macropores and micropores, and a large number of reactive groups;
  • the second layer is a specially treated polypropylene ultrafine nonwoven fibrous web layer, the fiber diameter is ultrafine, three-dimensional
  • the mesh has a three-dimensional structure, a high porosity and a low pore size;
  • the outermost layer is a sheet-like monofilament fiber which is specially processed and processed by a polypropylene resin, and the surface is subjected to a special hydrophilic treatment, and the monofilament density is 0.91 g/cm2 equivalent.
  • the three-layer material is formed by surface hot pressing and melting once.
  • the average surface area of the product is about 80000 ⁇ 120,000 m2
  • the maximum length of the product is ⁇ 200 cm
  • the width is > 5 cm
  • the thickness is 1. 5 ⁇ 2. 5 cm.
  • the biomimetic aquatic carrier imitation skin three-dimensional design, the middle layer is designed with new materials with high adsorption capacity, and loads a large number of microbial strains in dormancy, which can be activated immediately in water, and the membrane is fast when treating industrial wastewater and difficult organic wastewater.
  • the biomimetic aquatic carrier is formed by a new process of multi-component melt-blown fiber. The specific surface area per square meter is more than 100,000 square meters.
  • the present invention designs a three-dimensional ecological deodorizing and dephosphorizing and denitrifying device, comprising at least one reaction tank, wherein the illustrated reaction tank is a regulating tank 16, and anoxic (anaerobic tank) 17 and an aerobic tank 18, each group has a plurality of aquatic plants 2 and a filler supporting the rhizome 14 , and each group of aquatic plants 1 is suspended in the water surface of each reaction pond by the planting area bracket 11 , the plant has a large root system
  • the formed ecological filler 23 is placed in the sewage.
  • Each of the reaction cells is provided with a cover plate 9 , and each cover plate 9 has a plurality of sets of hollowed-out areas with the same interval, and each of the hollow areas is provided with a planting area bracket 11
  • the planting side side panel 1 3 is vertically disposed, and the planting area bracket 11 is fixed on the cover plate 9, and each group of aquatic plants 1 is fixed on the planting area bracket 11.
  • the cover plate 9 can be used as a walkway for manual maintenance and as a fixing member for the planting area support 11, and the hollowed out area of each cover plate 9 constitutes the planting area 10.
  • the filler 14 supporting the rhizome On the planting area bracket 11, there is also a packing holder 12, and the filler 14 supporting the rhizome is placed on the packing holder 12, and each group of aquatic plants 1 is inserted into the packing 14 for supporting the rhizome.
  • the filler 14 supporting the rhizome has the functions of adsorbing, degrading microorganisms and deodorizing water on the one hand, and fixing the aquatic plants as plant soils 2 on the one hand, which is convenient and practical.
  • anoxic (anaerobic tank) 17 and the aerobic tank 18 are also provided with artificial water grass filler 24 for adsorbing anoxic (anaerobic tank) 17 and an aerobic tank 18 in the sewage: bio-safety.
  • the artificial water grass filling 24 can be arranged in multiple groups and fixed by the artificial water grass fixing bracket 15 disposed in the reaction tank, and the artificial water grass fixing bracket 15 is fixed on the planting area bracket 11 or fixed on the planting side side guard plate 13 (see image 3 ).
  • a mesh support can be built in the upper part of the regulating tank 16, the anoxic (anaerobic tank) 17 and the aerobic tank 18, and a roof is placed on the net support, so that each reaction tank 1 is covered with a temperature.
  • the shed forms a sealable greenhouse 1 , which can seal and protect the plant 2, and the whole aeration is closed by the greenhouse 1 , and the generated odor is not easily spread out to eliminate the odor emission to improve the sewage treatment effect.
  • each greenhouse 1 there is connected with an exhaust pipe 4, and the greenhouse pipe 1 is provided with a greenhouse tuyere 5 corresponding to each greenhouse 1, and the exhaust pipe 4 is connected with a suction fan 3, and is disposed in the greenhouse through the exhaust pipe 4
  • the outside of the blower room 7 is connected, and the blower room is provided with a blower 8, and the air outlet of the blower 8 is connected to the aerobic tank 18 (aeration tank) through an aeration pipe 21.
  • the aerobic tank 18 aerobic tank
  • aeration pipe 21 At the bottom of the blower room 7, there is also a sludge chamber tuyere 6 which communicates with the sludge concentration tank 19.
  • the odor generated by the sludge concentration tank can be extracted by the exhaust fan 3 to the excess odor which cannot be completely purified by the plant 1 and the odor generated by the sludge concentration tank 19 to the blower room 7, and the odor is sent to the aerobic tank by the blower 8. 18 (aeration tank) aeration tank, which is biodegraded during aerobic process.
  • the regulating tank 16, the anoxic (anaerobic tank) 17 and the aerobic tank 18 can be divided into three working areas of upper layer, middle layer and lower layer, and the upper working area includes: relatively sealed greenhouse 1, multiple sets of aquatic plants 2 leaves, exhaust fan 3, exhaust pipe 4, greenhouse tuyere 5, blower room 7 and blower 8.
  • the middle working area includes: a cover plate 9, a plant growing area 10, a planting area bracket 11, a packing holder 12, a planting side side panel 13 and a filler 14 supporting the rhizome.
  • the middle layer utilizes the effective height (height of the effective volume surface) of various pool bodies designed by the national standard, and suspends a plurality of sets of aquatic plants 12 in the regulating tank 16, the anoxic (anaerobic pool) 17 and the aerobic tank 18 by the above-mentioned various members.
  • Medium providing conditions for sewage purification for the lower working area.
  • the lower layer work The area includes: regulating tank 16, (anoxic) anaerobic tank 17, aerobic tank 18, sludge thickening tank 19, aeration tube 21, agitator 22, plant root system 23, artificial water grass fixing bracket 15 and artificial water grass filling 24 .
  • the regulating tank 16 the (anoxic) anaerobic tank 17, the microbial and odor in the aerobic tank 18 and the ecological filler formed by the strong plant roots 23, the filler 14 supporting the rhizome can adsorb and degrade the sewage.
  • Biological and odorous, deodorizing, dephosphorizing and denitrifying the sewage, and the odor generated by the sewage treatment is purified by the leaves of the plant 2 in the greenhouse 1 when the odor is overflowed by the middle layer, and is prevented from being diffused outward.
  • the apparatus of the present invention can be used as a deodorizing unit in a single reaction cell, such as a regulating tank 16, an anoxic (anaerobic tank) 17, and an aerobic tank 18, etc.
  • Each deodorizing unit is provided with a plurality of sets of plants 2, and a filler supporting the rhizome 14
  • the odor generated during the waste (sewage) water treatment reaction overflows, it is cleaned by contact with the branches and leaves of the plant 2 to form a barrier layer, which can reduce the spread of odor. Since the surface area of the treated structure is large enough to provide a sufficient amount of biomass, the odor can be fully purified during the overflow process.
  • the device of the invention is suitable for the wastewater containing organic pollutants, especially the denitrification and deodorization treatment of urban sewage and food industry wastewater.
  • the concentration of suspended solids in the effluent of the sewage plant not only relates to the SS index of the effluent, but also the indicators such as B0D 5 , C0D CL and TP in the effluent. Because the main component of the suspended solids is activated sludge flocs, its organic content is high, and the organic matter itself contains a monument, so a higher content of suspended solids will result in B0D 5 of water, TP increased. Therefore, the SS indicator for controlling the effluent from the sewage plant is the most basic and critical. Under the conditions of proper selection of treatment scheme, reasonable value of process parameters and optimization of design of single structure, it is possible to make the SS index of effluent meet the requirements of national standards.
  • the invention utilizes the optimized traditional sewage treatment method, completes the deodorization, dephosphorization and denitrification treatment of the wastewater with the strong root system and the ecological filler of the plant, and the static precipitation can ensure the SS of the lower concentration effluent than the continuous precipitation.
  • Sewage B0D 5 is removed by adsorption and microbial metabolism, degradation of B0D 5, the synthesis of new cells using B0D 5, and the sludge water is separated, thereby completing the removal of B0D 5.
  • the microorganisms in the activated sludge use a part of the organic matter in the sewage to synthesize new cells under aerobic conditions. Another part of the organic matter is catabolized to obtain the energy required for cell synthesis, and the final product is a stable substance such as C0 2 and H 2 0.
  • dissolved organic matter such as low molecular organic acids, etc.
  • non-dissolved organic matter is first adsorbed on the surface of the microorganism, and then hydrolyzed by the extracellular enzyme into the cell. use.
  • the invention improves the natural purification ability by digesting organic pollutants through the active biological flora, so as to achieve the purpose of purifying water quality.
  • active biological flora In addition to the bacteria found in traditional activated sludge systems, other 2000-3000 plants, animals and microorganisms are also inoculated.
  • the inoculated organisms have the ability to self-synthesize and absorb solar energy, which ensures maximum biodegradation of contaminants.
  • the principle of CODcr removal in sewage is basically the same as that of B0D 5 .
  • the removal rate of CODcr in a wastewater treatment plant depends on the biodegradability of the influent water and its composition of the sewage.
  • B0D 5 /C0Dcr > 0.5 the biodegradability of sewage is better, and the CODcr value of effluent can be controlled at a lower level to meet the requirements.
  • the sewage treated by the invention is mainly domestic sewage, and its B0D 5 /C0Dcr value is 0.5.
  • the sewage has good biodegradability, and the secondary treatment process can meet the requirements.
  • Nitrogen is an indispensable component of protein and is therefore widely found in domestic sewage.
  • nitrogen exists in the form of the title 4 + -N and organic nitrogen. These two forms of nitrogen are collectively referred to as Kjeldahl nitrogen and are represented by TKN.
  • the amount of NOx-N (including nitrites and nitrates) in the raw sewage is very small, almost zero.
  • TN total nitrogen
  • Nitrogen is also one of the elements that make up the microorganisms, and a part of the nitrogen that enters the cells will be removed from the water along with the excess sludge. This part of the nitrogen is about 5% of the removed B0D 5 , which is 12% of the weight of the biomass, accounting for about 4% of the amount of residual activated sludge in the sewage treatment plant.
  • the first step is completed by nitrite bacteria, and the second step is completed by nitrifying bacteria.
  • the overall response is:
  • the invention adopts a unique design, and absorbs ammonia nitrogen from the plant roots, and the removal rate is extremely high.
  • the ammonia nitrogen in the wastewater is oxidized to nitrate by nitrification. Although the concentration of ammonia nitrogen is reduced, the total nitrogen in the wastewater is not reduced. To reduce total nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen in the wastewater must be removed. At present, the most mature process is denitrification, that is, under the action of facultative denitrifying bacteria (denitrifying bacteria), the nitrate nitrogen is reduced to nitrogen evolution under anoxic conditions, thereby reducing the total nitrogen in the wastewater.
  • denitrification that is, under the action of facultative denitrifying bacteria (denitrifying bacteria)
  • the nitrate nitrogen is reduced to nitrogen evolution under anoxic conditions, thereby reducing the total nitrogen in the wastewater.
  • the invention improves the removal rate of total nitrogen by arranging a plurality of sets of aquatic plants in the aeration tank of the FBR system to absorb ammonia nitrogen by the plant roots.
  • Biological phosphorus removal is the plaque in the sewage under the anaerobic conditions, which is suppressed to release the phosphate in the body, which generates energy to absorb the rapidly degrading organic matter and convert it into PHB (poly ⁇ -hydroxybutyric acid) for storage.
  • PHB poly ⁇ -hydroxybutyric acid
  • the invention utilizes the plant roots to absorb the monument, has no electric energy consumption during the operation process, completely avoids the use of the chemical substance, and the maintenance cost is only the maintenance cost of the plant and the replacement cost of the broken filler.
  • the sludge dewatering room is closed and deodorized, it will increase investment and management is not convenient. Since the primary sedimentation tank is not provided in the embodiment, no sludge is produced, the sludge stays in the sludge tank for a short period of time, and aerobic digestion is carried out, and the odor is dissipated.
  • the sludge dewatering room and the mud transfer room are separately set. Attention should be paid to strengthening management, and the generated sludge should be dried and transported in time. The influence of odor can be controlled within the range of tolerance. If you can use a closed centrifugal dewatering machine, it will reduce the odor
  • the invention has obvious deodorizing effect by plant action, and can improve the landscape effect (see Table 3 and Table 4). Comparison of odor concentration in deodorization method of the present invention
  • the sewage treatment plant modified or newly built by the invention has a beautiful appearance.
  • the outside is built with a greenhouse, and the greenhouse is equipped with a light steel skeleton structure glass room; the system is ecologically landscaped, and the built-in biofilter deodorizes; the greenhouse ensures that plants and other organic matter maintain vigorous vitality at suitable ambient temperatures, and can be applied to strict requirements. Upscale community.
  • the present invention provides an embodiment of a sewage treatment plant for retrofitting an SBR process.
  • biological treatment part of the organic matter is absorbed and oxidized by the organism, and another part of the organic matter is used as a constituent material for growth and reproduction, and new protoplasts are synthesized to produce new microorganisms. That is to say, microbial proliferation is a biochemical reaction, an inevitable result of the degradation of organic waste, and ⁇ : the proliferation of organisms is the production of sludge.
  • the sludge has a high water content, a large volume, often contains high concentrations of organic matter, is very unstable, and is prone to spoilage and odor under the action of microorganisms, and often carries harmful substances such as pathogens, organisms, parasites and heavy metal ions, and must be correspondingly Processing.
  • the main contents of sludge treatment include stable treatment and dewatering treatment (concentration, dehydration, and drying).
  • Dehydration is a key step in sludge treatment. See Table 5 for comparison of various sludge dewatering methods. Comparison of various sludge dewatering methods
  • inorganic flocculant can be used, the cost of the agent is low. 1.
  • the filter cloth has high flushing requirements.
  • the mud cake has a high solid content. 4. Open design, smelly.
  • the mud cake has a high solid content rate. 1. Intermittent operation and low processing capacity.
  • the embodiment of the invention belongs to a small sewage treatment system, and is dewatered by a box filter press from the perspective of economy and management. The way.
  • the embodiment of the invention is applied to the optimization of the domestic sewage treatment process, and the designed influent water volume is 800 tons/day.
  • the original mature engineering process is biochemical. In nature, a large number of microorganisms living by organic matter are widely used. Microorganisms can oxidize and decompose organic matter in the environment through their own physiological functions of metabolism, and convert them into stable inorganic substances.
  • the biochemical method of sewage is to use the physiological function of ⁇ : biology, and take certain artificial technical measures to create a favorable environment conducive to the growth and reproduction of microorganisms, accelerate the reproduction of microorganisms and metabolic physiological functions, thereby causing organic pollution in sewage. Wastewater treatment technology that can be degraded and removed.
  • Embodiments of the present invention are applied to a stationary installed wastewater treatment system that incorporates the latest, advanced modern eco-engineering techniques and conventional wastewater treatment technologies.
  • the technology was led by the post-optimization process company for later research and development, and then provided communities, businesses and businesses around the world with low-cost, high-efficiency and aesthetically pleasing wastewater treatment methods, and use.
  • the embodiment of the invention is a new SBR process, and the first stage of integration and improvement of the five stages of water inlet, aeration, sedimentation, drowning and idleness of the facility and the operation cycle is successfully introduced into the ecological engineering.
  • the active biological bacteria group digests organic pollutants and enhances the natural purification ability to achieve the purpose of purifying water quality.
  • the apparatus of the present invention is also inoculated with other 2000-3000 plants, animals and microorganisms.
  • the organisms that are planted have the ability to self-synthesize and absorb solar energy, which ensures maximum biodegradation of contaminants. Due to the variety of organisms and the variety of ecosystems developed, the resulting ecosystem is not only very stable, but also very dynamic, while ensuring that the system can achieve rapid start-up.
  • Embodiments of the invention may also include a series of aeration reactors, clarifiers, and final purification units, placing the bulky plants on a support mesh and placing them in an open aerobic reactor.
  • the roots of these plants 1.5 m suspended in water, provide a healthy handle for the growth of bacteria and other organisms, such as: algae, protozoa, zooplankton, worms, snails, crickets, and even fish.
  • the wastewater flows in cascade through the domesticated processing units with different ecosystems, ensuring that the process station of the invention has excellent ecological purification functions and a high degree of flexibility.
  • the wastewater discharged by the embodiment of the present invention has good effluent quality, can stably reach the national first-class A standard, meets the requirement of reclaiming water for greening, flushing, etc., and can also be used as ecological landscape supplement water.
  • the GB3838-2002 surface water environmental quality standard V standard can be achieved.
  • the ammonia nitrogen in the effluent can reach the surface water class II requirements, overcoming other processes. Defects with low denitrification effect. It has a good ecological purification environment, strong resistance to load shock, stable effluent quality and less residual sludge. Moreover, not only the effluent water quality is good, but also the exterior landscape is beautiful.
  • a greenhouse is built outside the treatment unit, and a light steel skeleton structure glass chamber is used in the greenhouse; the system is an ecological landscape; the greenhouse can ensure that plants and other organic matter maintain vigorous vitality at a suitable ambient temperature.
  • the system's built-in biofilter deodorizes and can be applied to demanding high-end communities. The operation is highly automated and basically unattended.
  • the embodiment of the invention uses the integrated technology, the installation is compact, and the floor space is small; the occupied area of the water treatment is ⁇ 0. 5 m 2 . Processing equipment engineering investment and operation management costs are low.
  • Table 6 and Figures 1A and 1B show measured data performed in a domestic sewage treatment project using an embodiment of the present invention. The following data fully demonstrates the advantages of the process of the invention in achieving higher effluent quality.
  • Table 7 shows a comparative experiment using the invention with the MBR process and the contact oxidation process.
  • the invention also provides the application of the above method and device in various existing different process sewage treatments, and it can be seen that different processes are upgraded and modified in different ways.
  • the upgrade of the traditional SBR process is mainly to transform the conditioning tank and the SBR pool by using the three-dimensional ecological deodorization and phosphorus removal method.
  • the traditional A/0 process is upgraded mainly by using the three-dimensional ecological deodorization, phosphorus removal and denitrification methods for the anoxic tank, the aerobic tank and the sedimentation tank.
  • the upgrade of the traditional A70 process is mainly to transform the anoxic and anaerobic, aerobic and sedimentation tanks using a three-dimensional ecological deodorization, phosphorus removal and denitrification method.
  • the upgrade of the traditional AB process is mainly to transform the two aerobic tanks, the intermediate settling tank and the secondary settling tank by the three-dimensional ecological deodorization, phosphorus removal and denitrification method.
  • the upgrade of the traditional oxidation ditch process is mainly to transform the grit chamber and the oxidation ditch by using the three-dimensional ecological deodorization and dephosphorization and denitrification methods.
  • the upgrade of the MBR process is mainly carried out by transforming the reservoir and the MBR pool using a three-dimensional ecological deodorization and dephosphorization method.
  • the upgrade of the MUCT process is mainly to transform the two anoxic tanks, anaerobic tanks, aerobic tanks and sedimentation tanks by means of three-dimensional ecological deodorization, phosphorus removal and denitrification.
  • the plant of the invention is very easy to harvest and organize.
  • This ecological sewage treatment facility does not have to be built in remote areas and is of positive significance to the environmental protection of each community.

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Abstract

一种立体生态除臭除磷脱氮方法，其是在污水处理***中，将多组植物（2）悬浮于反应池内，通过水生植物枝叶形成可吸附臭气、防止臭气向外扩散的隔离净化层，同时通过污水中水生植物的根茎（23）作为生态填料吸附、降解微生物并吸附臭气，从而实现废水的除臭除磷脱氮处理。一种根据上述方法设计的除臭除磷脱氮装置及其在SBR、A/O、A2/O、AB法、氧化沟、MBR、MUCT工艺中的应用。该立体生态除臭除磷脱氮方法是一种以原污水处理***为主，植物净化有机物为辅的原生态低成本的处理方式，可对现有各种工艺的污水处理厂进行升级改造，并能够使污染物得到最大程度的生物降解。

Description

立体生态除臭除磷脱氮方法及装置和应用
技术领域
本发明涉及废水处理领域，具体涉及用于废水除臭除磷脱氮的立体生态净化方法及该方 法设计的装置在污水厂升级改造工艺中的应用，尤其是城市污水和食品工业废水中富含有机 污染物的废水处理中。 背景技术
中国是水资源严重匮乏的国家， 人均水资源占有量仅为世界人均占有量的 1/4 , 且水污 染非常严重， 并有继续加重的趋势， 长江、 黄河等七大水系及湖泊水库普遍受到污染， 沿海 水体发生赤潮和富营养化现象日益增多。
一般来说， 污水中会有氨气、 甲硫醇、 硫化氢、 甲硫醚、 三甲胺等化合物， 这些物质在 污水输送和处理过程中会散发恶臭， 影响人们身心健康。
为保护水环境， 国家投入了大量的资金进行污染治理， 全面加强了工业有机废水的治理 和城镇生活污水的处理。 住房和城乡***的数据显示， 截至 2009年 3月底， 全国设市城 市、 县及部分重点建制镇（以下简称"城镇"）共建成污水处理厂 1590座， 处理能力达 9204万 立方米八 全国在建城镇污水处理项目 1885个， 设计能力约 5517万立方米八 目前， 全国仍 有约 1/4的设市城市和近 80 %的县城未建成污水处理厂。在国家不断釆取一系列扩大内需促 进经济增长的政策措施推动下， 县镇污水处理设施建设和太湖流域、 三峡库区等地区重点镇 的污水处理设施建设步伐不断加快。随着污水处理设施的大量建设，臭气污染问题日益突出。 有机废（污）水处理过程中所产生的臭气可以分为 2类， 第 1类为直接从废（污）水中挥发 出来的臭气， 第 2类是由于废（污） 水处理过程中^:生物的生物化学反应而新形成的臭气。 臭气中主要污染物成分包括含硫化合物 （如硫化氢、 硫醇类、 硫醚类和噻吩类等）、 含氮化 合物 （如氨、 胺类、 酰胺类、 吲哚类等）、 烃类化合物 （如烷烃、 烯烃、 炔烃、 芳香烃等）、 含氧有机物（如醇、 醛、 酮、 酚、 有机酸等）， 这些物质在废（污）水处理设施中广泛存在。
污水处理设施中臭气的来源与气味值如表 1所示。 臭气的来源与气味值
Figure imgf000004_0001
从表中可看出， 臭气值较大的地方主要是污水前处理部分（格栅井、 提升泵房集水池、 沉砂池）和污泥处理部分（贮泥池、 脱水间等）， 是除臭的重点： 曝气池负荷低， 传统污水 处理不考虑除臭措施。
几种主要臭气的成份如表 2所示。
表 2 主要臭气成份表
Figure imgf000004_0002
传统污水处理除臭方法：
脱臭方法从最初釆用的水洗法， 逐步发展到效果较好的^:生物脱臭法。 常见的方法有水 清洗和药液清洗法、 活性炭吸附法、 臭氧氧化法、 土壤脱臭法、 燃烧法、 填充式微生物脱臭 法等。
1 ) 水清洗和药液清洗法
水清洗是利用臭气中的某些物质能溶于水的特性，使臭气中氨气、硫化氢气体和水接触、 溶解， 达到脱臭的目的。
药液清洗是利用臭气中的某些物质和药液产生中和反应的特性， 如利用呈碱性的苛性钠 和次氯酸钠溶液， 去除臭气中硫化氢等酸性物质， 利用盐酸等酸性溶液， 去除臭气中的氨气 等碱性物质。 与活性炭吸附法相比较， 它必须配备较多的附属设施， 如药液贮存装置、 药液 输送装置、 排出装置等， 运行管理较为复杂， 与药液不反应的臭气较难去除， 效率较低。
2 )活性炭吸附法
活性炭吸附法是利用活性炭能吸附臭气中致臭物质的特点， 达到脱臭目的。 为了有效地 脱臭， 通常利用各种不同性质的活性炭， 在吸附塔内设置吸附酸性物质的活性炭， 吸附碱性 物质的活性炭和吸附中性物质的活性炭， 臭气和各种活性炭接触后， 排出吸附塔。 该法与水 清洗和药液清洗法相比较， 具有较高的效率， 但活性炭有一饱和期限， 超过这一期限， 就必 须更换活性炭。 这种方法常用于低浓度臭气和脱臭的后处理。
3 ) 臭氧氧化法
臭氧氧化法是利用臭氧强氧化剂， 使臭气中的化学成份氧化， 达到脱臭的目的。
臭氧氧化法有气相和液相之分，由于臭氧发生的化学反应较慢，一般先通过药液清洗法， 去除大部分致臭物质， 然后再进行臭氧氧化。
4 )土壤脱臭法
土壤脱臭法是利用土壤中微生物分解臭气中的化学成份， 达到脱臭目的。 属于生物脱臭 法的范畴。 与前几种方法相比较， 不需要加药等附属设施， 运行管理费用较低， 但需有宽阔 的场地， 定时进行场地修整， 设置散水装置， 以保持较好的运行状态， 并且处理效果不够稳 定、 总体效率较低。
5 )填充式微生物脱臭法
生物脱臭法自 1840年由德国科学家发明以来， 经不断开发、 研究， 已取得一定的成果。 随着人们对脱臭必要性的逐步认识， 在土壤脱臭法的基础上， 逐渐研究了新型、 高效的生物 脱臭技术。 由于多孔材质的生物载体的开发， 使填充式^:生物脱臭法得到广泛应用， 该法利 用下述原理达到脱臭目的： • 臭气中的某些成份溶解于水。
• 臭气中的某些成份能被^：生物吸附。
• 吸附后的臭气能被 生物分解。
附着微生物的载体的多年研究开发， 有天然有机纤维、 硅酸盐材料、 多孔陶瓷制品、 发酵后的谷糠、 PVA粒子、 纤维状多孔塑料等。 这些材料都具有下列特性：
• 表面和、较大。
• 能保持较久的水份。
• 压力损失较小。
• 耐性性能好。
• 吸附量较大。
• 能保持丰富的微生物。
• 不会产生副反应。
微生物脱臭法已广泛应用于污水处理设施中， 其运营成本较低， 脱臭效果良好。 填充式 微生物脱臭法的工艺流程如图 12所示， 其后的活性炭吸附塔可根据需要选择。
6 )燃烧法
燃烧法有直接燃烧法和触煤燃烧法。根据臭气的特点，当温度达到 648 °C ,接触时间 0. 3s 以上时， 臭气会直接燃烧， 达到脱臭的目的。
在污水处理厂内， 常利用污泥消化后产生的沼气， 使一些强烈的臭气燃烧， 但工程实例 较少。
在工程设计中，单一选用上述的一种工艺， 尚不能取得满意的效果，往往需要相互组合， 更好地达到脱臭的目的。
针对废（污）水处理过程中所产生的臭气， 目前普遍釆用的处理办法是将废（污）水处 理设施通过加盖等方式密闭， 然后将废（污）水处理设施中的臭气通过风机引出后集中净化 处理， 净化工艺目前主要有三种， 即物理除臭法（包括浓缩法、 活性碳吸附法、 水喷淋法）、 化学除臭法（化学洗涤法、 燃烧法、 臭氧处理法）、 生物除臭法（生物滤池、 生物洗涤法、 活性污泥法等）。 具体处理工艺的选择根据处理对象、 运行及维护能力、 臭气气量、 臭气污 染物成分及强度确定。
目前国内污水处理厂臭气处理方式， 在不同地域差别较大。 在落后偏远地区和县镇污水 处理厂， 污水处理设施所产生的臭气普遍未作任何处理， 仅依靠绿化植物的吸收、 阻隔及卫 生防护距离内的衰减作用。 在经济发达地区的大城市， 已建成的污水处理设施一般仅对臭气 严重的工序（如格栅间、 污泥脱水机房）所产生的臭气密闭收集生物净化处理， 但生化曝气 池普遍完全敞开， 污水处理设施臭气污染成为项目所在地居民环保投诉的热点； 新建和改、 扩建污水处理设施，目前一般釆取密闭措施，将各处理单元的臭气抽出后集中生物净化处理； 针对投诉热点，部分城市釆用化学洗涤法作为应急处理措施。臭气投诉成为污水处理厂建设、 选址的最大阻力。
国内污水处理厂臭气处理所釆用的生物除臭法或应急处理釆用的化学除臭法，均为独立 的一套庞大处理***， 不但一次性投资和工程占地面积大， 运行成本高， 而且运行维护难度 大， 除臭***对改善出水水质和***的景观效果无任何帮助， 严重影响污水处理厂建设除臭 ***的积极性。 因此， 市场对污水厂升级改造过程中不占工程用地、 零运行成本、 既能除臭 除磷又能净化水质的生态处理技术非常期待。 国内目前釆用废水生态处理方式有以下几种。
中国发明专利（CN200510060674. 1 )公开了漂浮复合植物带原位生态修复水体的方法及 其***。 其是在陆地上将两层或两层以上无纺布平铺在栽培槽中， 辅以伸张以及抗拉绳形成 栽培载体， 选择能吸收污染物的植物种子撒播在无纺布层上， 利用配方商品营养液或其他含 有各种营养物的废水或污水进行无土栽培，植物根系穿过栽培载体与栽培载体形成复合植物 带， 移至受污染水体， 漂浮复合植物带吸收水体中的污染物作为生长所需的营养物并不断生 长， 收获时或因气候原因更替时将漂浮复合植物带拖拉至陆地上， 收割植物的茎、 叶和根加 以利用并对栽培载体进行重复使用， 继续进行原位、 生态修复。 但上述方法具有下列不足：
1.只能用于大面积水体生态修复。
2.植物需在栽培槽中培养；
3.完全依赖植物净化， ***负荷极低、 占地面积大；
4.污水植物根系持续浸泡在污水中； 不利于根系新陈代谢；
5.大面积植物收割困难。
6.没有对各种污水厂升级改造应用。
中国发明专利 （CN200710160264. 3 )公开了一种生物-生态复合污水处理池， 包括有 多个顺次排列的过滤单元， 每个过滤单元包括三面由上游挡水坝（1)、 一面由下游挡水坝（2) 围成的池体和位于下游挡水坝（2)—侧的出水配水渠（3) , 其中下游挡水坝（2)的高度高于上 游挡水坝（1) , 而每个池体内从上至下依次设置有水生植物（4)、 生物填料（5)和出水集水管 (6) , 出水集水管（6)出口（61)伸出在下游挡水坝（2)—侧而与出水配水渠（3)相连通。 其发明 通过水生植物的根系， 将污水中有机污染物质充分吸收降解， 同时， 利用生物填料为生物- 生态***内的微生物繁殖生长提供载体，并使污水中的有机污染物质充分的与其发生生物反 应， 实现生物-生态复合的方式将污水中氮和磷有效去除。 其具有下列不足：
1.用于预处理， 出水水质无保证； 2.完全依赖植物净化， ***负荷极低、 占地面积大；
3.污水持续通过植物根系；
4.***不曝气；
5.植物根系全部生长在人工填料中；
6.无除臭功能。
7.没有对各种污水厂升级改造应用。
中国发明专利（CN200810071372. 8 )也公开了一种基于短期轮伐速生林的污水-植物资 源再生灌溉***。 设有污水进管、 截流池、 输污管、 输污泵、 前置池和污水出管； 污水进管 与截流池连通， 截流池通过输污管与前置池连通， 输污泵设于输污管的管路上， 前置池与污 水出管连通。 污水来源广， 如小型城镇、 风景名胜区、 生活小区及农副产品加工业废水等均 可利用。 设备较简单， 成本低， 污水处理量大， 设备结构形式可根据林地规模及地势环境需 要任意变化组合， 适用范围广， 运行管理较简单， 费用低， 可分区轮灌， 轮灌期、 灌溉时间 及灌溉量均可满足不同树种的要求。 但仍具有下列不足：
1.只能用于灌溉***， 出水水质无保证；
2.完全依赖植物净化， ***负荷极低、 占地面积大；
3.污水持续通过植物根系；
4.植物沟不曝气；
5.植物根系全部生长在土壤中；
6.无除臭功能；
7.***容易堵塞， 需定期处理。
8.没有对各种污水厂升级改造应用。
中国发明专利（ CN200810219798. 3 )公开了一种高效节能的污水处理方法及其装置， 其 釆用流化池、 生态池综合的污水处理方法， 所述生态池主要由进水池、 养殖池、 出水池及循 环水道组成，所述养殖池可养殖快速生长之浮水植物以及可养殖适当适量之动物作为生物控 制或生物转移， 所述流化池主要由进水池、 反应池及出水池构成， 在反应池中釆用了大表面 积高吸附悬浮填料，使粘附在流化填料上的微生物能吸附水中的污染物并同时获得充足的溶 氧进行好氧新陈代谢； 本发明结合了生物滤池、 淹没式生物滤池的优点， 形成了流化池与生 态池相结合的污水处理技术， 既能够降低工程投资和处理成本， 又能够提高处理效果。 该专 利亦具有下列不足：
1.用于预处理， 出水水质无保证；
2.污水持续通过植物根系； 3.植物池内不曝气；
4.植物根系全部悬浮生长在污水中；
5.无除臭功能。
6.没有对各种污水厂升级改造应用。 发明内容
本发明的目的在于克服上述现有除臭技术的不足， 需求， 提供一种用于污水处理***中 的废水除臭除磷脱氮的立体生态净化方法及装置， 在污水厂升级改造过程中， 可不占工程用 地、 零运行成本、 既能除臭又能净化水质。
本发明首先提供了一种立体生态除臭除磷脱氮方法方法， 其是在污水处理***中， 将多 组水生植物悬浮于反应池内， 在应用***进行净化处理及臭气向上溢出时， 通过水生植物枝 叶形成一可吸附臭气、 防止臭气向外扩散的隔离净化层， 同时通过污水中水生植物的根茎体 系及用于支撑根茎的填料吸附、降解微生物并吸附臭气，从而实现废水的除臭除磷脱氮处理。
于所述水生植物的根茎体系上， 还设置有用于支撑根茎且可吸附、 降解微生物、 吸附臭 气的填料。
所述用于支撑根茎且可吸附、 降解微生物、 吸附臭气的填料釆用活性炭或陶粒， 优选光 触媒复合新型碳材料。
所述水生植物选用根茎发达、 具有除磷脱氮效果的挺水植物。
所述挺水植物为花叶芦竹、 海芋、 香海芋、 马蹄莲、 美人蕉、 龟背竹、 鹤望兰、 鹅掌柴、 旱金莲、 蜘蛛抱蛋、 长叶刺葵、 薜荔、 玉簪、 沼泽莎草和水菖蒲。
本发明方法中， 于所述反应池内水中。 还设有人工水草填料。
本发明方法具体可将污水处理***分为上层、 中层、 下层三个工作区分别净化， 利用规 范设计的反应池有效容积面上高度， 将多组水生植物悬浮于所述反应池体内， 其中层由水生 植物的枝叶构成可吸附臭气的隔离净化层，上层设置可防止处理时产生的臭气向外扩散的密 封层， 下层以置于池体内水生植物的根茎体系形成生态填料构成污水处理层， 或由植物的根 茎体系及用于支撑根茎的填料共同形成污水处理层， 或者由植物的根茎体系、 用于支撑根茎 的填料及人工水草共同形成污水处理层， 用以吸附、 降解^：生物并吸附臭气， 完成废水的除 臭除磷脱氮处理过程。
本发明方法还在温室内设置抽风***， 将植物不能完全净化的多余臭气送入曝气池， 使 其在好氧过程中进一步完成^:生物的分解。
本发明另提供了一种立体生态除臭除磷脱氮装置， 包括至少一反应池， 于所述各反应池 中，置有可用于除臭的支撑根茎的填料及多组水生植物， 各组水生植物通过种植区支架使之 悬浮于各反应池水面上。
所述支撑根茎的填料置于所述种植区支架上所设的填料固定架内，所述各组水生植物插 设于所述支撑根茎的填料内。
所述反应池内水中还设有人工水草填料， 通过设于反应池内的人工水草固定支架固定。 所述各反应池上盖设有隔温棚， 形成温室。
所述温室内设有抽风机， 通过抽风管与设于所述温室外的鼓风机房连通， 所述鼓风机房 设有鼓风机， 所述鼓风机出风口通过曝气管连通曝气池。
本发明还提供了立体生态除臭除磷脱氮方法及装置在 SBR工艺、 Α/0工艺、 Α70工艺、 ΑΒ 法工艺、 氧化沟工艺、 MBR 工艺、 MUCT 工艺中的应用。 立体生态工艺英文全称 Three-dimens iona l eco log ica l techno logy (简称 TET ), 本发明釆用立体生态除臭除碑方 法对各种工艺的污水处理厂所进行的升级改造， 是以原污水处理***处理为主，植物净化有 机物为辅一种原生态低成本的处理方式， 不需另行改变或增加原有的污水处理***的各种水 池， 利用国家设计规范的各种池体的保护高度（有效容积面上高度）， 直接将一定植株高度 的多组水生植物固定在污水池设置的支架上， 植物悬浮于各种反应池水面， 其强大的根茎体 系形成生态填料全部悬浮生长在污水中， 植物完全依赖污水的营养物质生长， 所形成的生态 ***不仅稳定， 而且非常有活力， 可使污染物得到最大限度的生物降解。 通过本发明工艺改 造的污水处理厂， 其脱氮除磷效率比改造前提高 5%-15% , 对 C0D、 BOD等指标去除率也有一 定的提高。 同时， 在升级改造 SBR工艺污水处理厂时， 污水和植物根系的接触是间歇式， 一 段时间植物根系全部浸泡在污水中、 一段时间则大部分暴露在空气中， 这样， 可加速污水在 密闭的环境中压差复氧。
本发明可就地处理有机废（污）水一包括高浓度有机废水处理过程中所产生的臭气， 不 需独立的占地面积， 且完全杜绝化学氧化剂或^：生物生长所需额外营养物质的投加， 大大降 低工程投资和运行费用， 其中工程投资应当为传统生物除臭法的 1 /10-1 /20、 运行费用为零 运行成本， 同时可以适应臭气强度的波动。 附图说明
图 1为经本发明装置处理后 C0D、 B0D效果图；
图 1为本发明装置结构示意图；
图 3为本发明装置中植物种植区结构示意图；
图 4为 SBR工艺框图； 图 5为 A/0工艺框图；
图 6为 A70工艺框图；
图 7为 AB法工艺框图；
图 8为氧化沟工艺框图；
图 9为 MBR工艺框图；
图 10为 MUCT工艺框图；
图 11为本发明在 SBR工艺中的改造升級应用工艺框图；
图 12为现有技术中填充式^:生物脱臭法的工艺流程图。
其巾：
1 -温室 2 -植物 3 -抽风机
4 -抽风管 5 -温室风口 6 -污泥室风口
7-鼓风机房 8-鼓风机 9 -盖板
10 -植物种植区 11 -种植区支架 12 -填料固定架
1 3 _种植区侧护板 14 -支撑根茎的填料 15 -人工水草固定支架
16 _调节池 17 - (缺氧）厌氧池 18 _好氧池
19- 污泥浓缩池 21- 曝气管 22-搅拌器
23-才艮系 （生态填料） 24-人工水草填料 具体实施方式
为了使本发明的目的、 原理及优点更加清楚明白， 以下结合附图及实施例， 对本发明进 行进一步详细说明。 应当理解， 此处所描述的具体实施例仅用以解释本发明， 并不用于限定 本发明。 本发明首先提供了一种新建城市污水厂及城市污水厂升级改造的立体生态除臭除磷脱 氮方法， 其是在污水处理***中， 将多组水生植物悬浮于污水处理反应池内， 一方面利用反 应池对污水进行的脱氮除磷净化处理， 同时利用水生植物庞大的根系作为生态填料， 和设置 于池内的支撑根茎填料对废水中微生物及***处理时产生的臭气进行吸附、 降解， 另一方面 在臭气向上溢出时， 通过水生植物茂盛的枝叶形成一可吸附臭气、 防止臭气向外扩散的隔离 层， 从而实现废水的脱氮除磷除臭处理。
为进一步提高除臭除磷脱氮效果，本发明在应用立体生态除臭除磷脱氮方法进行污水处 理厂升级改造时， 将污水处理***的相应反应池分为上层、 中层、 下层三个工作区， 分别净 化， 中层利用国家规范设计的各种池体的保护高度（有效容积面上高度）， 将多组水生植物 悬浮于各种反应池中， 既为下层工作区提供污水净化的条件， 同时， 由水生植物的枝叶构成 可吸附臭气的隔离净化层， 减少臭气的扩散； 上层设有相对密封的温室， 形成密封层， 污水 处理时经中层处理后小量不能完全净化的多余臭气在向上溢出时，利用封闭的温室进一步杜 绝其向外扩散； 下层以置于池体内水生植物强大的根茎体系形成的生态填料组成污水处理 层， 共同完成废水的除臭除磷脱氮处理。
本发明在温室内还设置有抽风设备，可将植物不能完全净化的多余臭气抽出送至去池体 中的曝气池， 让其在好氧过程中继续被^：生物分解完， 以达到臭气完全彻底净化的目的。
本发明还可将支撑根茎的填料作为载体一类似于植物的土壤，使水生植物根系固定于污 水中， 反应过程中臭气同时与支撑根茎的填料上的微生物接触， 进一步吸附并分解臭气， 并 对废水进行净化。
所述支撑根茎的填料釆用可釆用活性炭或陶粒， 也可以是其他填料。 本发明支撑根茎的 填料优选光触媒复合新型碳材料。 所述光触媒复合新型碳材料有棕红色、 白色和黑色三种， 是由炭、 陶土、 光触媒剂和高温黏结剂等复合烧制而成。 生产中可按需求实现粒径大小、 微 孔率和吸水率多小进行调整， 成品的孔径在 0. 06-6 米之间， 重量可调至 0. 6-2. 7g/cm3之 间， 比表面积可达 1. 2 X 104 cm2 /g左右。 在合成过程中使其孔壁玻璃相和晶体交织生长成 高强度机械性能的三重结构， 内部微孔极为发达且呈梯度分布， 具有良好的吸附和解吸附的 能力。 与传统的活性炭相比， 光触媒复合新型碳材料大大提高了吸附污染颗粒物种类， 提高 了吸附效率和饱和容量， 其吸附效率是普通活性炭的 2-4倍， 并且克服了使用活性炭会产生 粉末和黑色污染的缺点。 在环境应用中， 因其具有强烈的吸附能力和耐冲刷、 抗磨损、 耐高 温、 耐腐蚀等特性可代替活性炭和陶粒用作空气和水净化的高速过滤材料； 因其具有超轻体 重的悬浮性和耐冲刷、 抗磨损、 耐高温、 耐腐蚀等特性可代替传统填料。 用作工业废气净化 的高速滤料时， 因为光触媒复合新型碳材料的比表面积达到 1. 2 x 104 cm2 /g左右， 且内部 贯通微孔呈梯度分布， 材质超轻， 物理和化学性质稳定， 耐酸耐碱性能优越， 且由于颗粒间 的范德华力、 库仑力和表面张力使悬浮物或废气迁移并被吸附， 吸附能力极强， 速度极快， 通过专有的紫外光源的光触媒技术， 可实现边吸附边分解的功能。 所述水生植物选用根茎发达、 具有除磷脱氮效果的挺水植物。 植物净光合速率与溶解氧 分布、总氮和氨氮去除率显著正相关，而植物蒸腾速率与立体生态装置氨氮去除率显著相关。 适当增加植物种植密度有利于提高处理工艺脱氮效果，但种植过密对提高溶解氧水平和总氮 去除率反而不利。 植物生长周期与脱氮影响显著， 釆用不收割植物可使得地上茎既不破坏植 物根区微环境。***中植物的类型对立体生态装置脱氮除磷的效果有很大的影响。研究发现， 种植水烛和灯心草的立体生态装置基质中氮、 磷分别比无植物的对照基质中低 18% ~ 28%和 20% ~ 31% , 可见水烛和灯心草吸收利用了污水中部分的氮和磷。 通过对照实险研究了立体生 态装置***对污水氮的净化效果， 结果发现石菖蒲、 灯心草和蝴蝶花 3个有植物***的总氮 平均去除率为 77. 7%、 71. 2%和 66. «, 而无植物***的去除率仅为 55. 8%。 釆用本发明立体 生态装置***研究了对污水碑的净化效果， 结果发现 3个有植物***的去除率分别为 61%、 65%和 59% , 而无植物***的去除率仅为 28%。 通过研究了 8种水生植物净化污水的能力， 结 果发现： 气温高的夏季水生植物去除氮的效果优劣次序为： 风眼莲、 水浮莲、 水鳖、 浮萍、 槐叶萍、 紫萍、 水筛； 而在气温低的冬季则依次为水鳖、 凤眼莲、 浮萍、 水浮莲、 紫萍、 槐 叶萍、 水筛。 本发明方法中， 所种植的水生植物具有适合在缺氧条件下生存的结构与特征， 包括茎肥大， 茎和根的中心具有较大的组织， 茎中空， 具深根系等。 植物的这种特殊结构， 有利于氧在其体内的传输并能传递到根区， 不仅满足了植物在缺氧环境的呼吸作用， 而且还 可以促进根区的氧化还原反应与好氧微生物的活动， 释放洁净空气去除异味。 在光合作用下 产生的氧传递到根区， 在根区的还原态的介质中形成氧化的微环境， 根区有氧区域与缺氧区 域的共同存在为根区的好氧、 兼氧和厌氧微生物提供了各自的小生境， 使不同微生物都能发 挥各自的作用。 氧在植物根部的释放主要取决于植物内部氧的浓度、 周围基质的需氧量以及 植物根壁的渗透性。 植物通过吸收而在根部释放氧是由其本身的结构所决定的， 植物的结构 阻止了其在径向的泄露， 并努力使释放到根区的氧的损失减少到最小。 氧的释放率一般在根 的亚顶端区域最高， 并随距离根尖的增大而降低。 水生植物具有对流型通气组织， 其根区和 根部都具有较高的内部氧的浓度， 这种对流型的气体的流动明显增加了可供氧根的长度， 同 时还可以通过氧化和脱毒减少根部一些潜在的有害物质。 除了根系可以释放氧外， 根系还可 以释放其它物质。 故而本发明所述水生植物优选为花叶芦竹、 海芋、 香海芋、 马蹄莲、 美人 蕉、 龟背竹、 鹤望兰、 鹅掌柴、 旱金莲、 蜘蛛抱蛋、 长叶刺葵、 薜荔、 玉簪、 沼泽莎草、 水 菖蒲等一百多种挺水植物。
进一步地， 于所述反应池内水中还设有人工水草填料， 本发明优选发明专利申请号为
2009101078534的人工水草生物载体作为人工水草填料。 这样可由植物的根茎体系形成生态 填料及人工水草共同形成污水处理层， 完成废水的脱氮除磷除臭处理。
污水处理厂的升级改造是为了满足新的排放标准对氮、 磷的更高要求， 升级改造所釆 用的标准等级为一级 A或一级 B。 本发明在不增加任何建筑物， 不改变原来工艺流程和水力 总停留时间的情况下，釆用在缺氧段和好氧段更换超高比表面积的仿生水草填料及由植物的 根茎体系形成生态填料增加生物载体面积的方法， 发挥超级生物膜特点， 提高生物量， 提高 氮、 磷的去除率； 改善流量分配不均、 短流、 死水区和污泥流失等问题， 以先进的控制方式 控制溶氧水平， 降低供氧量， 降低能耗， 从而提高整个污水处理厂升级改造过程。 仿水草式 生物载体（俗称人工水草）， 是由位于美国佛罗里达州西墨尔本的 H ILLS公司试验室成功开 发的多组分熔喷纤维新工艺制造， 具有多重结构， 中心层为活性炭纤维 /聚氨酯复合材料， 空隙率为 90% , 具有大孔与微孔相结合的孔结构特征和大量反应性基团； 其次层是经过特别 处理后聚丙烯超细非织造纤维网层， 纤维直径超细， 三维网状立体结构， 高孔率低孔径； 最 外层是由聚丙烯树脂经特殊加工与处理制成的片状单丝纤维， 表面经特殊亲水处理， 单 丝密度 0. 91 g/cm2当量直径 18-48μω长度 15-19隱抗拉强度≥358MPa弹性模量≥3. 5GPa断 裂伸长率 8-30% , 三层材料由表面热压熔融一次成型。 每平方米可提供约 80000 ~ 120000m2 的比表面积， 该产品最大长度 < 200cm, 宽度 > 5cm, 厚度 1. 5 ~ 2. 5cm。 仿生水草生物载体仿 皮肤三维设计，中间层设计有高吸附能力的新材料，负载了大量处于休眠状态的微生物菌种， 在水里可以马上激活， 处理工业废水和高难度有机废水时挂膜快。 仿生水草生物载体釆用多 组分熔喷纤维新工艺一次成型， 每平米比表面积达十万平方米以上， 极易于微生物挂膜和吸 附悬浮颗粒物； 适应性强， 耐冲击负荷性能高。 参见图 2-图 4 , 根据上述方法， 本发明设计了一种立体生态除臭除磷脱氮装置， 包括至 少一反应池， 图示所示反应池为调节池 16、 缺氧（厌氧池） 17及好氧池 18 , 各反应池中置 有多组水生植物 2及支撑根茎的填料 14 , 各组水生植物 1通过种植区支架 11使之悬浮于各 反应池水面上， 植物庞大的根系形成的生态填料 23置于污水中。 于所述各反应池上， 均设 置有盖板 9 , 各盖板 9具有多组间隔相同的镂空区域， 各镂空区域设置种植区支架 11 , 通过 竖向设置的种植区侧护板 1 3 , 使种植区支架 11固定于盖板 9上， 各组水生植物 1固定于种 植区支架 11上。 这样， 盖板 9既可作为人工养护时通行的走道， 又可作为种植区支架 11的 固定构件， 各盖板 9的镂空区域构成种植区 10。
在种植区支架 11上，还设有填料固定架 12 , 支撑根茎的填料 14置于填料固定架 12上， 各组水生植物 1插设于所述支撑根茎的填料 14内。 这样， 支撑根茎的填料 14一方面具有吸 附、 降解水中微生物及除臭功能， 同时还可作为植物土壤固定水生植物 2 , 方便实用。
进一步地， 缺氧（厌氧池） 17及好氧池 18水中还设有人工水草填料 24 , 用于吸附缺氧 (厌氧池） 17及好氧池 18污水中的^:生物安家。人工水草填料 24可多组设置， 通过设于反 应池内的人工水草固定支架 15 固定， 人工水草固定支架 15则固定于种植区支架 11上， 也 可固定于种植区侧护板 1 3上（见图 3 )。
不同地域或区域， 气候条件差别较大， 其中主要是气温和风的影响， 为维持微生物和 植物的正常生长， 可根据需要设置温室。 如图 2 所示， 可在调节池 16、 缺氧（厌氧池） 17 及好氧池 18上部建有网支撑， 并在网支撑上架设屋顶， 使各反应池 1上盖设有隔温棚， 形 成可密封的温室 1 , 可对植物 2起密封保温作用， 同时整个曝气用温室 1进行封闭， 产生的 气味不容易向外扩散， 杜绝臭气的散发， 以改善污水处理效果。
在各温室 1 内， 连通有一抽风管 4 , 抽风管 4上相应于各温室 1开设有温室风口 5 , 抽 风管 4与一抽风机 3连通， 并通过抽风管 4与设于温室 1外的鼓风机房 7连通， 所述鼓风机 房 Ί设有鼓风机 8 , 鼓风机 8的出风口通过一曝气管 21连通好氧池 18 (曝气池）。 在鼓风机 房 7底部，还设有污泥室风口 6 , 与污泥浓缩池 19连通。 污泥浓缩池产生的臭气可由抽风机 3将植物 1不能完全净化的多余臭气及污泥浓缩池 19产生的臭气抽至鼓风机房 7 , 由鼓风机 8把上述臭气送去好氧池 18 (曝气池）曝气池， 让其在好氧过程中被 生物分解完。
这样， 可使调节池 16、 缺氧（厌氧池） 17及好氧池 18均分为上层、 中层、 下层三个工 作区， 其上层工作区包括： 相对密封的温室 1、 多组水生植物 2枝叶、 抽风机 3、 抽风管 4、 温室风口 5、 鼓风机房 7和鼓风机 8。 中层工作区包括： 盖板 9、 植物种植区 10、 种植区支 架 11、 填料固定架 12、 种植区侧护板 1 3、 支撑根茎的填料 14。 中层利用国家规范设计的各 种池体的有效高度（有效容积面上高度）， 通过上述各构件将多组水生植物 12悬浮于调节池 16、 缺氧（厌氧池） 17及好氧池 18中， 为下层工作区提供污水净化的条件。 所述下层工作 区包括： 调节池 16、 （缺氧）厌氧池 17、 好氧池 18、 污泥浓缩池 19、 曝气管 21、 搅拌器 22、 植物根系 23、 人工水草固定支架 15及人工水草填料 24。 反应过程中， 调节池 16、 （缺氧） 厌氧池 17、 好氧池 18中的微生物及臭气与强大的植物根系形成的生态填料 23、 支撑根茎的 填料 14可吸附、 降解污水中的 生物及臭气， 对污水进行除臭除磷脱氮处理， 污水处理时 所产生的臭气经中层处理后的臭气向上溢出时利用温室 1内植物 2的枝叶净化，并防止其向 外扩散， 并由抽风机 3将植物 1不能完全净化的多余臭气及污泥浓缩池 19产生的臭气抽至 鼓风机房 7, 由鼓风机 8把上述臭气送去曝气池， 让其在好氧过程中被 生物分解完， 从而 实现废水提标处理升级改造。
本发明装置可以单个反应池 -—如调节池 16、 缺氧（厌氧池） 17及好氧池 18等， 作为 除臭单元， 每个除臭单元设置多组植物 2、 支撑根茎的填料 14, 废（污）水处理反应过程中 所产生的臭气向上溢出时， 与植物 2上枝叶接触而被净化， 形成隔离层， 可减少气味扩散。 由于处理构筑物表面积足够大， 可以提供足够数量的^:生物， 臭气在溢出过程中便可得到充 分的净化。
本发明装置适用于富含有机污染物的废水， 尤其是城市污水和食品工业废水的脱氮除臭 处理。
( 1 ) SS的去除
污水厂出水中悬浮物浓度不仅涉及到出水 SS指标， 出水中的 B0D5、 C0DCL、 TP等指标也 与之有关。 因为组成出水悬浮物的主要成分是活性污泥絮体， 其本身的有机成份就高， 而有 机物本身含碑， 因此较高的出水悬浮物含量会使得出水的 B0D5、
Figure imgf000016_0001
TP增加。 故而控制 污水厂出水的 SS指标是最基本的， 也是很关键的。 在处理方案选用恰当、 工艺参数取值合 理和优化单体构筑物设计的条件下， 完全能够使出水 SS指标满足国家标准的要求。 本发明 釆用优化传统污水处理方法， 以植物强大的根茎体系及生态填料完成废水的除臭除磷脱氮处 理， 静止沉淀相比连续沉淀的方式， 可保证更低浓度出水的 SS。
( 2 ) B0D5的去除
污水中 B0D5的去除是靠微生物的吸附作用和代谢作用， 对 B0D5降解， 利用 B0D5合成新 细胞， 然后对污泥与水进行分离， 从而完成 B0D5的去除。
活性污泥中的微生物在有氧的条件下， 将污水中的一部分有机物用于合成新的细胞， 将 另一部分有机物进行分解代谢以便获得细胞合成所需的能量， 其最终产物是 C02和 H20等稳 定物质。 在合成代谢与分解代谢过程中， 溶解性有机物（如低分子有机酸等）直接进入细胞内 部被利用， 而非溶解有机物则首先被吸附在微生物表面， 然后被胞外酶水解后进入细胞内部 被利用。 由此可见， 微生物的好氧代谢作用对污水中的溶解性有机物和非溶解性有机物都起 作用， 并且代谢产物是无害的稳定物质， 因此， 可以使处理后污水中的残余 B0D5浓度很低。
本发明通过活性生物菌群消化有机污染物质， 提高了自然净化能力， 以达到净化水质的 目的。 除了在传统活性污泥***中所发现的细菌外， 还接种有其它 2000-3000种植物、 动物 和微生物。 所接种的有机体具有自我合成和吸收太阳能的能力， 这种能力保证了污染物得到 最大限度的生物降解。
( 3 ) CODcr的去除
污水中 CODcr去除的原理与 B0D5基本相同。
污水厂 CODcr的去除率， 取决于进水的可生化性， 它污水的组成有关。 对于生活污水， 其 B0D5/C0Dcr > 0. 5 , 污水的可生化性较好， 出水 CODcr值可以控制在较低的水平， 能够满 足要求。
本发明处理的污水主要以生活污水为主， 其 B0D5/C0Dcr值为 0. 5 , 污水具有较好的可生 化性， 釆用二级处理工艺能满足要求。
( 4 )氨氮的去除
污水去除氨氮方法主要有物理化学法和生物法两大类，在生活污水处理行业中生物法去 除氨氮是主流， 也是生活污水处理中经济和常用的方法。
氮是蛋白质不可缺少的组成部分， 因此广泛存在于生活污水之中。 在原污水中， 氮以 題 4 +-N及有机氮的形式存在， 这两种形式的氮合在一起称之为凯氏氮， 用 TKN表示。 而原污 水中的 NOx-N (包括亚硝酸盐和硝酸盐在内）含量很少， 几乎为零。 这些不同形式的氮统称为 总氮（TN )。
氮也是构成微生物的元素之一， 一部分进入细胞体内的氮将随剩余污泥一起从水中去 除。 这部分氮量约为所去除的 B0D5的 5 % , 为^:生物重量的 12 % , 约占污水处理厂剩余活性 污泥量的 4 %。
在有机物被氧化的同时， 污水中的有机氮也被氧化成氨氮， 在溶解氧充足、 负荷较低、 泥龄较长的情况下， 进一步被氧化成亚硝酸盐和硝酸盐， 通常称之为硝化过程。 其反应方程 式如下：
題 4 ++1. 502 ^N02 2H++H20
N02— +0. 502 ^N03—
第一步反应靠亚硝酸菌完成， 第二步反应靠硝化菌完成， 总的反应为：
題4 ++202 ^N03 2H++H20
本发明釆用独特的设计， 以植物发达根茎吸收氨氮， 去除率极高。
( 5 ) 总氮的去除
废水中的氨氮经过硝化作用被氧化成硝酸盐， 尽管氨氮的浓度降低， 但废水中的总氮被 没有降低， 为降低总氮， 就必须去除废水中的硝酸盐氮。 目前最成熟的工艺是反硝化， 即在 缺氧条件下， 在兼性脱氮菌（反硝化菌）的作用下， 将硝酸盐氮还原成氮气逸出， 从而降低 废水中的总氮。 以甲醇作碳源为例， 其反应方程式如下：
6N03 2CH3OH ^ 6N02 2C02+4H20
6N03 3CH3OH ^ 3N2+3C02+3H20+60r
本发明通过在 FBR***曝气池中设置多组水生植物， 以植物发达根茎吸收氨氮， 从而提 高总氮的去除率。
⑥磷的去除
生物除磷是污水中的聚碑菌在厌氧条件下， 受到压抑而释放出体内的磷酸盐， 产生能量 用以吸收快速降解有机物， 并转化为 PHB (聚 β羟丁酸）储存起来。 当这些聚碑菌进入好氧 条件下时就降解体内储存的 ΡΗΒ产生能量，用于细胞的合成和吸碑，形成高浓度的含碑污泥， 随剩余污泥一起排出***， 从而达到除磷的目的。
本发明利用植物发达根茎吸收碑， 运行过程中无电能消耗， 完全避免化学物质的使用， 维护费用仅为植物的养护费用和破碎填料的更换添加费用。
若对污泥脱水间进行封闭除臭，会增加投资，且管理也不方便。 因本实施例不设初沉池， 没有生污泥， 污泥在污泥池内停留时间短， 且进行好氧消化， 并封闭处理， 散发的臭味会有 所减弱。 污泥脱水间和运泥间单独设置， 平时注意加强管理， 产生的污泥及时压干外运， 臭 味的影响可以控制在承受的范围内。 若能釆用封闭式的离心式脱水机， 则更会减弱臭味的散 本发明通过植物作用脱臭效果明显， 且可改善景观效果（见表 3、 表 4 )。 本发明脱臭法臭气浓度比较
Figure imgf000019_0001
釆用本发明改造或新建的污水处理厂外型景观漂亮。 外部建有温室， 温室釆用轻钢骨架 结构玻璃室； ***内为生态景观， 内置生物滤池除臭； 温室可以确保植物和其它有机物在适 宜环境温度下保持旺盛的活力， 可应用于要求严格的高档社区。
参见图 11 ,依据上述工艺，本发明提供了一种用于改造 SBR工艺的污水处理厂的实施例。 在生物处理时， 有机物一部分被 生物吸收、 氧化分解， 另一部分有机物则作为其生长 繁殖所需要的构成物质，合成新的原生质，产生新的微生物。就是说微生物增殖是生化反应， 有机废物降解的必然结果， 而 ^：生物的增殖结果则是污泥的产生。
污泥的含水率高， 体积庞大， 常含有高浓度有机物， 很不稳定， 易在微生物作用下腐败 发臭， 并常常带有病原^:生物、 寄生虫及重金属离子等有害物质， 必须进行相应的处理。 污 泥处理的主要内容包括稳定处理和去水处理（浓缩、 脱水、 干化）。 化床真机机厢机机压压脱干过滤滤滤水带式式心空离为达到较高的环保标准， 本发明实施例决定釆用比较完全的污泥处理工艺， 包括： 好氧 稳定、 重力浓缩和机械脱水。
而脱水是污泥处理的关键一步， 各种污泥脱水方法比较见表 5。 各种污泥脱水方法比较
1、 受天气和 g气相对湿度影响
1、 设备简单 1、 上层结壳、 阻碍下部污泥脱水
2、 费用省 3、 占地很大
4、 有强烈恶臭， 影响环境
1、 国内设备生产技术成熟 1、 泥饼含水率较高. 80%以上
2、 可用无机絮凝剂， 药剂费用较低 1、 滤布冲洗要求高
1、 进泥波动， 导致跑料
1、 加药难于控制适应
3、 只能用高分子絮凝剂
1、 泥饼含固率较高 4、 开放设计， 有臭味
2、 对初沉污泥特别适应 5、 冲冼水量大
6、 当污泥性质变化时， 适应能力 差
7、 操作人员要求高
1、 泥饼含固率高 1、 间断操作、 处理能力不高
2、 固体回收率高 1、 操作繁瑣、 工作强度大
3、 投资省 3、 操作人员要求高
1、 应用范围广， 可适应各种性质的污泥。
1、 分离性能好，饼含固率 25—30% , 离心液 SS
小于 lg/L, 固体回收率最高
3、 处理流量大 1、 国产设备有待改进
4、 占地少， ***封闭， 对周围环境影响最小 1、 进口设备价格较贵
5、 安装操作简单 3、 电耗较大
6、 絮凝剂需要量少
7、 工作人员需要少
8、 费用省
本发明实施例属于小型污水处理***， 从经济和管理的角度出发， 釆用厢式压滤机脱水 的方式。
本发明实施例应用于生活污水处理工艺优化， 设计进水水量为 800吨 /天。 原一般工程 上成熟的工艺是生化法。 在自然界， 广泛地存活着巨量的借助有机物生活的微生物， 微生物 通过其本身新陈代谢的生理功能， 能够氧化分解环境中的有机物， 并将其转化为稳定的无机 物。 污水的生化法就是利用^:生物的这一生理功能， 并釆取一定的人工技术措施， 创造有利 于微生物生长繁殖的良好环境， 加速微生物的繁殖及新陈代谢生理功能， 从而使污水中的有 机物污染物得以降解， 去除的污水处理技术。
本发明实施例应用于固定式安装的废水处理***， 此***集最新的、 先进的现代生态工 程技术和传统的废水处理技术于一身。 这项技术最初于美国构思， 由优化后工艺公司负责后 期的研究和开发， 然后向世界各地的社区和企业提供低成本、 高效率和具备审美价值的废水 处理方法， 并实现处理后废水的再利用。
本发明实施例作为改良的 SBR新工艺， 通过对其设施和运行周期的进水、 曝气、 沉淀、 滗水、 闲置五个阶段进行重先集成和改良组合， 并成功引入生态工程。 通过活性生物菌群消 化有机污染物质， 提高自然净化能力， 以达到净化水质的目的。 除了在传统活性污泥***中 所发现的细菌外， 本发明实施例装置还接种有其它 2000-3000种植物、 动物和微生物。 所接 种的有机体具有自我合成和吸收太阳能的能力，这种能力保证了污染物得到最大限度的生物 降解。 由于所开发的生态***生物种类多、品种齐全， 因此所形成的生态***不仅非常稳定， 而且非常有活力， 同时保证了该***可以实现快速启动。
本发明实施例还可包括一系列的曝气反应器、 澄清器和最后的净化单元， 将根系庞大的 植物置于一个支撑网丝上， 然后将其放入敞开式好氧反应器内。 这些植物的根系， 有 1. 5米 悬浮在水中， 为细菌及其他有机体的生长提供了一个很健康的柄息地， 如： 水藻、原生动物、 浮游动物、 蠕虫、 蜗牛、 蛤、 甚至鱼类。 废水依次串级流过经过驯化的但具有不同生态*** 的处理单元， 保证了釆用本发明工艺处理站具有优秀的生态净化功能和高度的灵活性。
釆用本发明实施例处理后的废水出水水质好， 可稳定达到国家一级 A标准， 满足绿化、 冲厕等中水回用要求， 也可作为生态景观补充水。 通过釆用特别的工艺组合， 可达到 GB3838-2002地表水环境质量标准 V类标准。
同时， 特别是具有极优的脱氮效果， 出水氨氮可达到地表水 II类要求， 克服了其他工艺 脱氮效果低的缺陷。 其具有良好生态净化环境， 耐负荷冲击能力强， 出水水质稳定， 剩余污 泥少。 而且， 不仅出水水质好， 而且外型景观漂亮。 处理装置外部建有温室， 温室釆用轻钢 骨架结构玻璃室； ***内为生态景观； 温室可以确保植物和其它有机物在适宜环境温度下保 持旺盛的活力。 ***内置生物滤池除臭，可应用于要求严格的高档社区。操作自动化程度高， 基本可实现无人值守。
本发明实施例釆用集成技术，设施布置紧凑， 占地面积小； 吨水处理占地面积 < 0. 5 m2。 处理装置工程投资和运行管理费用较低。
表 6和图 1A、 图 1B展示了釆用本发明实施例的生活污水处理工程中进行的实测数据。 下列数据充分说明了本发明方法可以达到较高出水水质的优点。 表 6 进、 出水水质一览表 单位： mg/L
Figure imgf000022_0001
表 7展示了釆用本发明与 MBR工艺和接触氧化工艺的对比实验。 表 7 本发明装置处理工艺与 MBR工艺和接触氧化工艺的对比实验
Figure imgf000023_0001
由表 7可知， 通过上述的各项比较， 釆用本发明在大部分指标上都优于常规工艺， 充分 说明本发明具有明显的优势，是国内目前少数出水可以稳定达到国家一级 A标准的污水处理 方法之一。
其稳定的出水水质保证来自于独特的工艺组合和程序化设计，通过设计软件的模拟计算 可以保证设计的准确性， 相比国内经验型的设计更具科学性。 造价合理、 出水水质好、 设计科学、 生态环境优美的特点使本发明在国内市场具有明显 的优势。
本发明还提供了釆用上述方法和装置在现有各种不同工艺污水处理中的应用， 可以看 出， 不同的工艺其升级改造方式不同。
参见图 4 , 对传统 SBR工艺进行升级改造主要是对调节池和 SBR池利用立体生态除臭除 磷脱氮方法进行改造。
参见图 5 , 对传统 A/0工艺进行升级改造主要是对缺氧池、 好氧池和沉淀池利用立体生 态除臭除磷脱氮方法进行改造。
参见图 6， 对传统 A70工艺进行升级改造主要是对缺氧池和厌氧池、 好氧池和沉淀池利 用立体生态除臭除磷脱氮方法进行改造。
参见图 7 , 对传统 AB法工艺进行升级改造主要是对两个好氧池和中沉池及二沉池利用 立体生态除臭除磷脱氮方法进行改造。
参见图 8 , 对传统氧化沟工艺进行升级改造主要是对沉砂池及氧化沟利用立体生态除臭 除磷脱氮方法进行改造。
参见图 9 , 对传 MBR工艺进行升级改造主要是对蓄水池及 MBR池利用立体生态除臭除磷 脱氮方法进行改造。
参见图 10, 对传 MUCT工艺进行升级改造主要是对二个缺氧池、 厌氧池、 好氧池和沉淀 池利用立体生态除臭除磷脱氮方法进行改造。
本发明植物收割和整理非常容易。
这一生态污水处理设施， 可不必建在偏远地区， 且对各社区环保具有积极意义。
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例而已， 并不用以限制本发明， 凡在本发明的精神和 原则之内所作的任何修改、 等同替换和改进等， 均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims

权利 要求
1、 一种立体生态除臭除磷脱氮方法方法， 其特征在于： 是在污水处理***中， 将多组 水生植物悬浮于反应池内， 在应用***进行净化处理及臭气向上溢出时， 通过水生植物枝叶 形成一可吸附臭气、 防止臭气向外扩散的隔离净化层， 同时通过污水中水生植物的根茎体系 作为生态填料吸附、 降解^：生物并吸附臭气， 从而实现废水的除臭除磷脱氮处理。
1、 根据权利要求 1所述的立体生态除臭除磷脱氮方法， 其特征在于： 于所述水生植物 的根茎体系上， 还设置有用于支撑根茎且可吸附、 降解微生物、 吸附臭气的填料。
3、 如权利要求 2所述的立体生态除臭除磷脱氮方法， 其特征在于： 所述用于支撑根茎 且可吸附、 降解 生物、 吸附臭气的填料釆用活性炭或陶粒， 优选光触媒复合新型碳材料。
4、 如权利要求 1所述的立体生态除臭除磷脱氮方法， 其特征在于： 所述水生植物选用 根茎发达、 具有除磷脱氮效果的挺水植物。
5、 如权利要求 4所述的立体生态除臭除磷脱氮方法， 其特征在于： 所述挺水植物为花 叶芦竹、 海芋、 香海芋、 马蹄莲、 美人蕉、 龟背竹、 鹤望兰、 鹅掌柴、 旱金莲、 蜘蛛抱蛋、 长叶刺葵、 薜荔、 玉簪、 沼泽莎草和水菖蒲。
6、 如权利要求 1所述的立体生态除臭除磷脱氮方法， 其特征在于： 于所述反应池内水 中还设有人工水草填料。
7、 根据权利要求 1-6任一项所述的立体生态除臭除磷脱氮方法， 其特征在于： 将污水 处理***分为上层、 中层、 下层三个工作区分别净化， 利用规范设计的反应池有效容积面上 高度， 将多组水生植物悬浮于所述反应池体内， 其中层由水生植物的枝叶构成可吸附臭气的 隔离净化层， 上层设置可防止处理时产生的臭气向外扩散的密封层， 下层以置于池体内水生 植物的根茎体系形成生态填料构成污水处理层，或由植物的根茎体系及用于支撑根茎的填料 共同形成污水处理层， 或者由植物的根茎体系、 用于支撑根茎的填料及人工水草共同形成污 水处理层， 用以吸附、 降解 生物并吸附臭气， 完成废水的除臭除磷脱氮处理过程。
8、 根据权利要求 7所述的立体生态除臭除磷脱氮方法， 其特征在于： 在温室内设置抽 风***， 将植物不能完全净化的多余臭气送入曝气池， 使其在好氧过程中进一步完成^:生物 的分解。
9、 一种立体生态除臭除磷脱氮装置， 包括至少一反应池， 其特征在于： 于所述各反应 池中， 置有可用于除臭的支撑根茎的填料及多组水生植物， 各组水生植物通过种植区支架使 之悬浮于各反应池水面上。
10、 如权利要求 9所述的立体生态除臭除磷脱氮装置， 其特征在于： 所述支撑根茎的填 料置于所述种植区支架上所设的填料固定架内，所述各组水生植物插设于所述支撑根茎的填 料内。
11、 如权利要求 9或 10所述的立体生态除臭除磷脱氮装置， 其特征在于： 所述反应池 内水中还设有人工水草填料， 通过设于反应池内的人工水草固定支架固定。
12、 如权利要求 10所述的立体生态除臭除磷脱氮装置， 其特征在于： 所述各反应池上 盖设有隔温棚， 形成温室。
1 3、 如权利要求 12所述的立体生态除臭除磷脱氮装置， 其特征在于： 所述温室内设有 抽风机， 通过抽风管与设于所述温室外的鼓风机房连通， 所述鼓风机房设有鼓风机， 所述鼓 风机出风口通过曝气管连通曝气池。
14、 立体生态除臭除磷脱氮方法及装置在 SBR工艺中的应用， 其特征在于： 所述方法及 装置用于 SBR工艺调节池和 SBR中。
15、 立体生态除臭除磷脱氮方法及装置在 A/0工艺中的应用， 其特征在于： 所述方法及 装置用于 A/0工艺缺氧池、 好氧池和沉淀池中。
16、 立体生态除臭除磷脱氮方法及装置在 A70工艺中的应用， 其特征在于： 所述方法 及装置用于 A70工艺两个缺氧池、 好氧池和沉淀池中。
17、 立体生态除臭除磷脱氮方法及装置在 AB法工艺中的应用， 其特征在于： 所述方法 及装置用于 AB法工艺两个好氧池和中沉池及二沉池中。
18、 立体生态除臭除磷脱氮方法及装置在氧化沟工艺中的应用， 其特征在于： 所述方法 及装置用于氧化沟工艺沉砂池及氧化沟中。
19、 立体生态除臭除磷脱氮方法及装置在 MBR工艺中的应用， 其特征在于： 所述方法及 装置用于 MBR工艺蓄水池及 MBR池中。
20、 立体生态除臭除磷脱氮方法及装置在 MUCT工艺中的应用， 其特征在于： 所述方法 及装置用于 MUCT工艺三个缺氧池、 好氧池和沉淀池中。
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