WO2013004570A1 - Dispositif d'actionnement de soupapes d'une machine à vapeur à piston - Google Patents

Dispositif d'actionnement de soupapes d'une machine à vapeur à piston Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2013004570A1
WO2013004570A1 PCT/EP2012/062484 EP2012062484W WO2013004570A1 WO 2013004570 A1 WO2013004570 A1 WO 2013004570A1 EP 2012062484 W EP2012062484 W EP 2012062484W WO 2013004570 A1 WO2013004570 A1 WO 2013004570A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
valve
piston
steam engine
working
inlet
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2012/062484
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Norbert Kuhl
Original Assignee
Norbert Kuhl
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Norbert Kuhl filed Critical Norbert Kuhl
Publication of WO2013004570A1 publication Critical patent/WO2013004570A1/fr

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01L1/00—Valve-gear or valve arrangements, e.g. lift-valve gear
    • F01L1/30—Valve-gear or valve arrangements, e.g. lift-valve gear characterised by the provision of positively opened and closed valves, i.e. desmodromic valves
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01L3/00—Lift-valve, i.e. cut-off apparatus with closure members having at least a component of their opening and closing motion perpendicular to the closing faces; Parts or accessories thereof
    • F01L2003/25—Valve configurations in relation to engine
    • F01L2003/258—Valve configurations in relation to engine opening away from cylinder

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a valve actuating device of a steam engine with at least one arranged in a working space working piston which is movable in a working cylinder of the piston steam engine by means of vapor pressure, wherein the required for the Dampfbeetzschla- supply of the working piston valves open with respect to the working space to the outside.
  • the invention relates to a valve actuating device of a steam steam engine whose residual volume of the working space tends to zero at the top dead center of the working piston.
  • the invention further relates to a piston steam engine, in particular a reciprocating steam engine, with at least one valve actuating device for an externally sealing inlet or outlet valve.
  • Koibendampfmaschinen have at least one working piston, which is arranged linearly movable in a working cylinder along the cylinder axis, in which case is spoken by a reciprocating steam engine.
  • the area swept by the working piston during its longitudinal displacement in the working cylinder is accordingly referred to as the stroke volume of the steam engine.
  • the top dead center at which the distance between the piston surface and working cylinder head surface is minimal
  • the bottom dead center at which the distance between the piston surface and working cylinder head surface is maximum
  • the stroke which the working piston passes through periodically.
  • piston steam engines are to be considered, the residual volume at top dead center of the working piston tend to zero.
  • the distance between the piston surface and the cylinder head surface is ideally zero or almost zero.
  • the stroke volume is equal to the maximum working space at the bottom dead center of the working piston, wherein the working space is clamped by the working piston and is defined by the Häzylin- der thoroughlymesser and the distance between the piston surface and the cylinder head surface.
  • the residual volume which is also referred to as dead space or dead space and which represents the working volume at the top dead center of the working piston, as small as possible, preferably as not present, ie equal to zero.
  • a residual volume or a dead space, ie at a distance greater than zero of the piston surface of the cylinder head surface in the top dead center of the working piston reduces the efficiency of the piston steam engine.
  • the at least one inlet valve and the at least one outlet valve are preferably to be arranged so that these valves open to the outside.
  • the valve seats, on which the inlet and outlet valves seal are preferably arranged outside the working space. Due to the high pressures prevailing in the working chamber of a piston steam engine, tappet valves are preferred over sliding valves. However, high closing forces are necessary for plunger valves, so that the steam space or the Arbertsraum can be effectively sealed.
  • the object of the invention is therefore to provide a valve actuating device of a reciprocating steam engine, which can flexibly regulate the power consumption and output of the reciprocating steam engine, and which can adjust the valve closing forces in function of the available / necessary vapor pressure.
  • the present invention should also be achieved the task of making the valve drive as simple and robust as possible, with large moving masses to be avoided. Furthermore, the valve drive should also be robust, durable, quiet and inexpensive to manufacture.
  • valve actuating device according to claim 1, whose preferred embodiments are specified in dependent from claim 1 dependent claims. Further claims are directed to preferred uses of the valve actuating device according to the invention in a piston steam engine.
  • the valve actuating device has an inlet or outlet valve and a toggle mechanism, which articulated toggle lever shows.
  • the inlet or outlet valve is directly and purely mechanically transferred from the toggle mechanism from a closed position to an open position.
  • the preferably designed as plunger valves inlet and outlet valves preferably have a valve plate for sealing against a valve seat, which is arranged, for example. Outside a working space of a piston steam engine.
  • the valve operating device For actuation of the intake or exhaust valve, the valve operating device according to the invention knows a conventional toggle mechanism with at least two hinged together attached toggle levers.
  • a knee lever actuating device is arranged at the connection point of the two toggle lever, which preferably moves the connection point of the two levers of the toggle mechanism perpendicular to the closing / opening direction of the valve.
  • One of the two toggle levers is stationary but rotatably mounted with the end with which it is not connected to the second toggle lever.
  • the Ventiischaft the inlet or.
  • Hinged exhaust valve so that, for example, a horizontal movement of the hinge point of the toggle mechanism has a vertical movement of the connection point of the valve stem on the second toggle result.
  • This exemplary illustrated toggle mechanism is known in many other variations, all of which are encompassed by the inventive concept, as long as the valve is moved by means of the Kniehe mecanice mechanism and not the KnieheInstitute mechanism drives a hydraulic, pneumatic or other valve actuator.
  • the valve is in the bent position of the toggle mechanism in its open position and in the extended position of the toggle mechanism in the closed position. If you mentally from a bent toggle joint (valve in the open position), so the valve is initially relatively quickly moved from an extended position in the direction of the closed position at a stretch of the toggle mechanism.
  • the approach speed of the valve decreases, which is an inherent characteristic of a toggle joint.
  • the drafting speed ie in this case the closing speed
  • this decrease in the stretching speed is accompanied by an increase in force in the direction of stretching. It follows for the invention Ventilbetätig ungsvorrichtu ng that this moves the valve from the open position initially fast but with little force in the closing direction, the valve finally reaches the closed position at low speed, but with high forces in the closing direction.
  • Closing speed decreases with the approach of the valve disk to the valve seat. Furthermore, this means that the valve gently engages on the valve seat provided during the closing process and can be locked with high forces.
  • the forces used to knee lever actuation ung accordingly according to the mechanical lever laws, relatively low, compared to the closing force of the valve.
  • the locking force of the valve can also be varied, ie, for example, depending on the vapor pressure, the valve holding force can be adjusted so as to achieve, for example, the highest possible overall efficiency of a piston steam engine. At the same time a noise reduction is achieved with the gentle placement of the valve on the valve seat, since no hard Aufsetzschlag occurs when closing the valve.
  • valve seat on which the valve disk of the valve seals does not need to be hardened, since the introduction of force is continuous and gentle, and not abrupt.
  • the valve shallow can be performed because no abrupt abrupt forces act on the valve.
  • the valve may be formed with a hollow / tubular shaft, which greatly reduces the weight of the valve.
  • the rigidity of the valve stem in the closing direction of the valve is maintained. Even the use of shallow materials is possible since the valve in the closing direction touches against the valve seat almost without force and the closing force is then applied continuously in the closing direction to the valve.
  • valve stem is loaded almost without lateral force, which leads to a simpler and lighter design of the valve.
  • metals aluminum, magnesium, titanium or other light metals, but also temperature-resistant plastics (thermosetting plastics) can be used as preferred materials for a binding or exhaust valve of a piston steam engine with a valve actuating device according to the invention.
  • a drive mechanism for the toggle lever can be used, which must apply low forces for toggle stretching. Therefore, a drive can be selected for the valve actuating device according to the invention, which can be actuated hydraulically, electrically, pneumatically or mechanically, for example by means of an eccentric, wherein the preferred type of drive should be selected depending on the application and flexibility.
  • a hydraulic, electrical or pneumatic drive of the toggle mechanism will be advantageous if you want to keep the valve opening times or valve closing forces variable during operation of the piston steam engine, so as to govern flexibly on different operating conditions.
  • Other conventional types of drive for the drive or the movement of the toggle mechanism are also included in the invention.
  • a pneumatically or hydraulically adjustable eccentric cam can be used to vary approximately the closing force.
  • the opening time for the inlet valve may be extended if, for example, the vapor pressure of the supplied steam decreases, but a constant power is to be delivered by the piston steam engine. It can be seen that with the valve operating device according to the invention, the steam engine is flexibly adaptable to specific requirements and also to the external circumstances. A variation in the vapor pressure or in the available amount of steam can be compensated, for example, by suitable control of the valve opening times.
  • valve opening times for the inlet valve or the outlet valve can be selected independently of each other by the valve actuating device according to the invention, since these are not dependent on the number of revolutions of the piston steam engine.
  • a valve actuating device according to the invention an optimum operating behavior of the piston steam engine can be achieved.
  • At least two valve actuation devices according to the invention are preferably provided for a piston steam engine, wherein a valve actuator for the inlet valve and a valve actuation device for the exhaust valve of the piston steam engine are provided.
  • a plurality of valves of one type ie, for example, a plurality of inlet valves
  • a single operation of several inlet valves for a working space is encompassed by the invention.
  • suitable parallel connection of a plurality of intake valves for a working space of a piston steam engine of only one valve actuating device according to the invention can be moved, as well as multiple intake valves for multiple working spaces of a multi-cylinder steam engine.
  • valve coupling rod or plate are provided, which is articulated to the toggle mechanism in communication.
  • a single valve actuation for a plurality of valves of a type of a multi-valve steam engine can be realized in a simple manner.
  • such as precise as possible valve control is preferably achievable with a hydraulic or pneumatic drive of the toggle mechanism.
  • different drive forms are conceivable for the intake valve and the exhaust valve of a piston steam engine.
  • an actuating device according to the invention for the intake valve can be controlled hydraulically, wherein at the same time a valve actuating device according to the invention for the exhaust valve can be controlled electrically or by means of an eccentric.
  • valve is mechanically transferred by a toggle mechanism from the closed position to the open position and vice versa.
  • the toggle drive will be designed such that the valve to be moved in the bent position of the toggle mechanism is in its open position, and that the valve has already reached its closing position when the toggle mechanism has not yet reached the fully extended position , In this case, the fully extended position is reached when the hinge points of the toggle device are arranged in a line.
  • the incomplete extension of the knee levers thus means that the connecting lines of the hinge points form an angle not equal to 180 ° with each other.
  • the toggle mechanism should not be overstretched when the valve drive according to the invention is actuated, which Blocking the valve in the closed position would be equal.
  • the inner angle of the two toggle lever in the toggle mechanism of the valve actuating device according to the invention should therefore always be less than 180 ° and in the closed position of the respective inlet and outlet valve only be nearly 180 °, ie the toggle mechanism should only be almost fully stretched.
  • a water hammer occurs, for example, when in a working chamber of a piston water steam engine, the introduced steam was released into the wet steam area and the water (condensate) at top dead center of the piston against the valve surface, usually the inlet valve is pressed (beaten).
  • a toggle mechanism which is not in its extended position, i. in which the three hinge points of the toggle mechanism are not in line, such a water hammer on a valve can be elastically damped / absorbed by the toggle mechanism, thereby avoiding damage to the piston steam engine.
  • the working space is preferably deflected relative to the vertical such that the condensate runs on the outlet side of the working cylinder and is thus discharged via the outlet channel of the reciprocating steam engine when it is ejected, ie when the outlet valve is open.
  • Such an inclination of the working cylinder or the axis of the working cylinder and thus the direction of movement of the working piston is preferably 2 ° or more. This ensures that the condensate flows to the outlet side of the working cylinder and does not collect on the inlet side, where condensation occurs.
  • the working piston In start-up operation, ie at not yet reached operating temperature, in particular of the working cylinder, the working piston may be already heated due to thermal expansion of the introduced hot steam and has expanded in its longitudinal / stroke direction, at the same time the walls of the Arbertszylin- ders still a temperature below have the operating temperature, and still no thermal expansion of the working cylinder has taken place. Even if the thermal expansion of the working cylinder of the working piston in the course of operation of the steam engine match, so it can come in the cold not operating warm state of the steam engine to a very hard run the steam engine, damage to the piston steam engine can occur, especially on Working cylinder, on the piston and the associated crank drive.
  • connection of the working cylinder on the housing of the piston steam engine can be elastic, whereby the working cylinder is minimally raised upon impact of the working piston on the cylinder head surface and thus hard strokes of the piston are avoided on the cylinder bottom. Furthermore, this ensures that the dead space in any operating state of the steam engine is minimal, even if the piston steam engine has not yet reached the intended Bratem pe ratu r.
  • the elastic thermal expansion compensation possibility should not come into play, so that the working piston does not have to work permanently against the elastic mounting of the working cylinder, resulting in a reduction in the efficiency of the piston steam engine result would have.
  • the operating temperature is, however, to be interpreted so that the harmful volume or the residual volume of the working space are minimal, ie particularly preferably ⁇ 1% of the maximum stroke volume.
  • valve actuating device With the valve actuating device according to the invention, both valves can be opened simultaneously due to the valve actuation which is independent of the working piston position. Needless to say, in such a warm-up phase, the piston steam engine must remain at rest, so that the open valves are not damaged by a moving piston.
  • the valve actuating device according to the invention and its use has been described by way of example for simplified representation of the inventive idea using a piston water vapor machine, but it can also be used in piston steam engines which are operated with azeotropic mixtures since the steam medium used has no influence on the inventive concept.
  • valve actuating device will now be illustrated schematically and by way of example, with preferred embodiments and a preferred use of a valve operating device according to the invention in a piston steam engine are explained in detail. Show
  • Figure 1 shows schematically a valve actuating device according to the invention with a valve in
  • FIG. 2 shows schematically a valve actuating device according to the invention with a valve in FIG.
  • FIG. 1 shows a basic structure of the valve actuating device 1 of a piston steam engine, in which the valve is shown in an open position.
  • the valve represents an inlet valve 9e or an outlet valve 9a.
  • the valve disk 11 In the open position of the valve 9e / 9a, the valve disk 11 is removed from the valve seat 7, whereby the passage 8 is released.
  • FIG. 1 also shows a toggle mechanism 12 which has two toggle levers 13 and 1 and an actuating lever 15.
  • the toggle lever 12 In the open position of the valve 9e / 9a shown in Figure 1, the toggle lever 12 is in its bent position, whereby the valve via the toggle lever 14 and on the hinged connection to this lever in the illustration of Figure 1 is pulled upwards.
  • the actuating lever 15 is displaced in the drawing plane according to Figure 1 to the left.
  • valve operating device 1 is shown in a nearly extended position with the valve 9e / 9a in its closed position.
  • the valve disk 11 rests on the valve seat 7 and closes the passage 8.
  • the passage 8 may be an inlet or outlet passage of the piston steam engine.
  • the valve 9e or 9a seals from outside the working space of the piston steam engine.
  • the working space - which is shown neither in Figure 1 nor in Figure 2 - arranged on the valve plate 11 facing away from the passage 8.
  • the intake valve 9e or the exhaust valve 9a is already in its closed position when the toggle mechanism 12 is fully extended
  • valve stem 10 By avoiding the full pressure extension or an overstretching of the toggle mechanism 12, the locking forces acting on the valve stem 10 remain adjustable, whereby the valve stem, for example, can be made hollow by reducing a bore disposed therein.
  • the valve stem 10 and also the valve disk 1 1 can be made of a light metal, such as, for example, aluminum, magnesium, titanium or another common light metal.
  • valve disk 11 is first moved rapidly from the open position to the passage 8, the approach speed of the valve disk 11 to the passage 8 with increase in the extension of the two Knee lever or with the decrease in the distance between the valve disk 11 and passage 8 or valve seat 7 decreases.
  • the forces acting in the figures in the vertical direction on the passage increase with increase in the extension of the toggle mechanism.
  • the mode of operation, or the relationships of forces and movements that occur in a toggle mechanism are assumed to be known and are therefore not the subject of the explanation of the invention.
  • FIG. 1 and Figure 2 show only one possible embodiment of a toggle mechanism, wherein all other types of toggle mechanisms are mitumutzt of the invention. It is essential to the invention that the settling speed of the valve disk 11 on the valve seat 7 should be low, since this eliminates the need for hardening of the valve seat. Just as the approach speed of the valve disk 11 to the valve seat 7 should be small, the removal rate should increase after a slow lifting of the valve disk 11 from the closed position towards the open position with increasing distance of the valve disk from the valve seat, whereby short valve movement times and thus steep Flanks for the valve opening time or the valve closing time can be achieved. This also achieves precise valve control since the valve disk is continuously accelerated or decelerated when opening or when closing.
  • the times achievable with a toggle mechanism for opening and closing the valve 9e or 9a are comparable to those of a direct drive for tappet valves, such as, for example, hydraulic or spring drives known from the prior art.
  • FIG. 3 shows a preferred use of the valve actuation drive 1 according to the invention of a piston steam engine.
  • 3 shows the intake side and the right side the exhaust side Toggle levers 13 and 14 are not arranged in their fully extended position.
  • the piston steam engine shown in Figure 3 has a dead space volume of almost zero, which is recognizable by the fact that the working piston 5 at top dead center - which is shown in Figure 3 - comes to rest on the Häzylinderkopf preparation 4. This is only possible because the in 3, sealing the inlet valve 9e and the outlet valve 9a from outside the working space 6 on the sealing surface 7, which is likewise arranged outside the working chamber 6.
  • the respective valve disks 11 are preferably arranged in the closed position of the two valves flush with 9e and 9a of the working cylinder head surface 4.
  • a pivoted arrangement 3 for example by a few degrees from the vertical, here in the clockwise direction, so that the condensate collects on the right side, ie on the outlet side and is ejected in the compression phase together with the expanded steam.
  • FIGS. 1, 2 and 3 show exemplarily preferred embodiments of a valve actuating device, each of which represents only one example of a multiplicity of embodiments which implement the concept of the invention with a gentle but reliable and robust actuating device.
  • the valve actuating device according to the invention is flexibly adjustable to different operating conditions.
  • the toggle mechanism used can take account of linear expansion and also compensate for differences in pressure in the working space or reliably seal the working space through the respective valves. If the valves are also designed in lightweight design so high valve movement speeds can be achieved without it comes to high mass forces here. Due to the slow Aufsetzgeschwi ig ke it the valve disc on the valve seats the danger of hard knocks on the valves is effectively avoided.
  • any known embodiment of toggle mechanisms can be used for the realization of a toggle mechanism and is not limited to the toggle mechanism according to FIG. 1 or FIG.
  • valve actuating device according to the invention and its use in a piston steam engine has been described. However, it is just as applicable in piston steam engines which are operated with azeotropic mixtures, since the steam medium used has no influence on the inventive idea. LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Lift Valve (AREA)
  • Mechanically-Actuated Valves (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un dispositif d'actionnement de soupapes d'une machine à vapeur à piston, comportant une soupape d'entrée ou de sortie faisant joint par l'extérieur par rapport à une chambre de travail de la machine à vapeur à piston. Au moyen du dispositif d'actionnement de soupapes, la soupape peut être amenée d'une position de fermeture dans laquelle la tête de soupape ferme de façon étanche un passage vers la chambre de travail de la machine à vapeur à piston, vers une position d'ouverture dans laquelle la tête de soupape libère le passage. Le dispositif d'actionnement de soupapes comporte un mécanisme à leviers coudés comprenant deux leviers coudés reliés de façon articulée l'un à l'autre, reliés de façon articulée à la soupape d'entrée ou de sortie de telle manière que la soupape d'entrée ou de sortie peut être amenée mécaniquement de la position de fermeture vers la position d'ouverture et inversement.
PCT/EP2012/062484 2011-07-01 2012-06-27 Dispositif d'actionnement de soupapes d'une machine à vapeur à piston WO2013004570A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102011078556.6 2011-07-01
DE201110078556 DE102011078556B3 (de) 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 Ventilbetätigungsvorrichtung einer kolbendampfmaschine

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WO2013004570A1 true WO2013004570A1 (fr) 2013-01-10

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US10774645B1 (en) 2010-12-02 2020-09-15 Thermal Power Recovery Llc High efficiency steam engine

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102011082620B4 (de) 2011-09-13 2014-08-28 Norbert Kuhl Hubkolbendampfmaschine mit innerer kühlung
DE102020208230A1 (de) 2020-07-01 2022-01-05 Volkswagen Aktiengesellschaft Aktor zur Steuerung eines Stellgliedes für einen Schiebenocken einer Ventilhubumschaltung sowie Ventiltrieb mit Schiebenocken und mindestens einem solchen Aktor

Citations (6)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE4213735A1 (de) * 1992-04-07 1993-10-14 Heinz Jacht Neuartige Ventilsteuerung mit Kolbenboden-Ventilen für 4-Takt-Verbrennungsmotore
EP1205643A1 (fr) * 2000-11-13 2002-05-15 Stefan Battlogg Dispositif d'actionnement de soupapes de moteur à combustion interne
DE20305920U1 (de) * 2003-04-11 2003-08-14 Trw Deutschland Gmbh Vorrichtung zur nockenwellenlosen Betätigung eines Gaswechselventils
DE102005051702A1 (de) * 2005-10-28 2007-05-03 Robert Bosch Gmbh Vorrichtung zum Betätigen eines Gaswechselventils einer Brennkraftmaschine
DE102006055187B3 (de) 2006-11-23 2008-03-27 Lesa Maschinen Gmbh Wärmekraftmaschine mit einer Ventilanordnung und Ventilsteuerung für eine solche Ventilanordnung
US7377249B1 (en) * 2007-03-19 2008-05-27 Delphi Technologies, Inc. Outward-opening gas-exchange valve system for an internal combustion engine

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DE461756C (de) * 1928-06-27 Stephan Loeffler Vorrichtung zum Ausgleich der Dehnungen des Zylinders von Kolbenkraftmaschinen
DE3301007A1 (de) * 1983-01-14 1984-07-26 IRM-Antriebstechnik GmbH, 7057 Winnenden Gaswechselsteuerung fuer brennkraftmaschinen mit nach aussen oeffnenden kolbenventilen zur erlangung eines optimalen brennraumes

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE4213735A1 (de) * 1992-04-07 1993-10-14 Heinz Jacht Neuartige Ventilsteuerung mit Kolbenboden-Ventilen für 4-Takt-Verbrennungsmotore
EP1205643A1 (fr) * 2000-11-13 2002-05-15 Stefan Battlogg Dispositif d'actionnement de soupapes de moteur à combustion interne
DE20305920U1 (de) * 2003-04-11 2003-08-14 Trw Deutschland Gmbh Vorrichtung zur nockenwellenlosen Betätigung eines Gaswechselventils
DE102005051702A1 (de) * 2005-10-28 2007-05-03 Robert Bosch Gmbh Vorrichtung zum Betätigen eines Gaswechselventils einer Brennkraftmaschine
DE102006055187B3 (de) 2006-11-23 2008-03-27 Lesa Maschinen Gmbh Wärmekraftmaschine mit einer Ventilanordnung und Ventilsteuerung für eine solche Ventilanordnung
US7377249B1 (en) * 2007-03-19 2008-05-27 Delphi Technologies, Inc. Outward-opening gas-exchange valve system for an internal combustion engine

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US10774645B1 (en) 2010-12-02 2020-09-15 Thermal Power Recovery Llc High efficiency steam engine

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